Looking for solutions for error "compiling kernel #gpu_calculate_Gc!" when using discrete forcing

[zwei961120]

Hello everyone!

I want to couple a simple NPZ model into my physical model to see how biogeochemical tracers are affected by physical processes. I tried to express N, P, Z governing equations in discrete forcing forms and tried to test the model on GPUs, but I always come across the error show as compiling kernel #gpu_calculate_Gc!. Do you have any ideas or comments about this error? Here is the simplified code to replicate the error; thanks in advance!

using Oceananigans

using Oceananigans.Units: minutes, hour, hours, day

grid = RectilinearGrid(GPU(); size=(64, 64), extent=(64, 64), halo=(3, 3), topology=(Periodic, Flat, Bounded))

const Vm = 0.69/day # Maximum phytoplankton growth rate
const Ks = 1.0e-6 # Half saturation constant for nutrients mmol N / m3
const m = 0.1/day # phytoplankton mortality rate
const gama = 0.3 # zooplankton growth efficiency
const Rm = 1.5/day # maximum zooplankton ration 
const iv = 1.0e-6 # Ivlev constant
const d = 0.2/day # zooplankton mortality rate

@inline P_forcing(N, P, Z)  = Vm * N * P / (Ks + N) - m * P - Z * Rm * (1 - exp(-iv * P))
@inline Z_forcing(N, P, Z)  = gama * Z * Rm * (1 - exp(-iv * P)) - d * Z
@inline N_forcing(N, P, Z) = - Vm * N * P / (Ks + N) + m * P + d * Z + (1-gama) * Z * Rm * (1 - exp(-iv * P))

@inline P_forcing(i, j, k, grid, clock, fields, p)  = @inbounds P_forcing(p.Vm, p.Ks, p.m, p.Rm, p.iv, p.gama, p.d, fields.P[i, j, k], fields.N[i, j, k], fields.Z[i, j, k])
@inline N_forcing(i, j, k, grid, clock, fields, p)  = @inbounds N_forcing(p.Vm, p.Ks, p.m, p.Rm, p.iv, p.gama, p.d, fields.P[i, j, k], fields.N[i, j, k], fields.Z[i, j, k])
@inline Z_forcing(i, j, k, grid, clock, fields, p) = @inbounds Z_forcing(p.Vm, p.Ks, p.m, p.Rm, p.iv, p.gama, p.d, fields.P[i, j, k], fields.N[i, j, k], fields.Z[i, j, k])

P_dynamics = Forcing(P_forcing, discrete_form=true, parameters=(Vm, Ks, m, Rm, iv, gama, d))
N_dynamics = Forcing(N_forcing, discrete_form=true, parameters=(Vm, Ks, m, Rm, iv, gama, d))
Z_dynamics = Forcing(Z_forcing, discrete_form=true, parameters=(Vm, Ks, m, Rm, iv, gama, d))

forcing = (;
     P=P_dynamics, N=N_dynamics, Z=Z_dynamics)

model = NonhydrostaticModel(; grid,
                            advection = UpwindBiasedFifthOrder(),
                            timestepper = :RungeKutta3,
                            closure = ScalarDiffusivity(ν=1e-4, κ=1e-4),
                            coriolis = FPlane(f=1e-4),
                            tracers = (:b, :P, :N, :Z), 
                            forcing = forcing)


set!(model, P=1, N = 1, Z=1)

simulation = Simulation(model, Δt=2minutes, stop_time=24hours)
wizard = TimeStepWizard(cfl=1.0, max_change=1.1, max_Δt=2minutes)

simulation.callbacks[:wizard] = Callback(wizard, IterationInterval(10))

using Printf

progress(sim) = @printf("Iteration: %d, time: %s, Δt: %s\n",
                        iteration(sim), prettytime(sim), prettytime(sim.Δt))

simulation.callbacks[:progress] = Callback(progress, IterationInterval(100))

outputs = (w = model.velocities.w,
           P = model.tracers.P,
           avg_P = Average(model.tracers.P, dims=(1, 2)))

simulation.output_writers[:simple_output] =
    JLD2OutputWriter(model, outputs,
                     schedule = TimeInterval(20minutes),
                     filename = "NPZ.jld2",
                     overwrite_existing = true)

run!(simulation)

And the detailed error information is as follows:

[ Info: Initializing simulation...
Iteration: 0, time: 0 seconds, Δt: 2 minutes
[ Info:     ... simulation initialization complete (2.230 seconds)
[ Info: Executing initial time step...
Output exceeds the [size limit](command:workbench.action.openSettings?%5B%22notebook.output.textLineLimit%22%5D). Open the full output data [in a text editor](command:workbench.action.openLargeOutput?38b81934-3b84-447b-83aa-7c99a5fd93fe)InvalidIRError: compiling kernel #gpu_calculate_Gc!(KernelAbstractions.CompilerMetadata{KernelAbstractions.NDIteration.StaticSize{(64, 1, 64)}, KernelAbstractions.NDIteration.DynamicCheck, Nothing, Nothing, KernelAbstractions.NDIteration.NDRange{3, KernelAbstractions.NDIteration.StaticSize{(1, 1, 64)}, KernelAbstractions.NDIteration.StaticSize{(64, 1, 1)}, Nothing, Nothing}}, OffsetArrays.OffsetArray{Float64, 3, CUDA.CuDeviceArray{Float64, 3, 1}}, RectilinearGrid{Float64, Periodic, Flat, Bounded, Float64, Float64, Float64, OffsetArrays.OffsetVector{Float64, StepRangeLen{Float64, Base.TwicePrecision{Float64}, Base.TwicePrecision{Float64}, Int64}}, StepRangeLen{Float64, Base.TwicePrecision{Float64}, Base.TwicePrecision{Float64}, Int64}, OffsetArrays.OffsetVector{Float64, StepRangeLen{Float64, Base.TwicePrecision{Float64}, Base.TwicePrecision{Float64}, Int64}}, Nothing}, Tuple{Val{2}, Val{:P}, UpwindBiased{3, Float64, Nothing, Nothing, Nothing, UpwindBiased{2, Float64, Nothing, Nothing, Nothing, UpwindBiased{1, Float64, Nothing, Nothing, Nothing, Nothing, Centered{1, Float64, Nothing, Nothing, Nothing, Nothing}}, Centered{1, Float64, Nothing, Nothing, Nothing, Nothing}}, Centered{2, Float64, Nothing, Nothing, Nothing, Centered{1, Float64, Nothing, Nothing, Nothing, Nothing}}}, ScalarDiffusivity{Oceananigans.TurbulenceClosures.ExplicitTimeDiscretization, Oceananigans.TurbulenceClosures.ThreeDimensionalFormulation, Float64, NamedTuple{(:b, :P, :N, :Z), NTuple{4, Float64}}}, BoundaryCondition{Oceananigans.BoundaryConditions.Flux, Nothing}, Nothing, Nothing, NamedTuple{(:velocities, :tracers), Tuple{NamedTuple{(:u, :v, :w), Tuple{Oceananigans.Fields.ZeroField{Int64, 3}, Oceananigans.Fields.ZeroField{Int64, 3}, Oceananigans.Fields.ZeroField{Int64, 3}}}, NamedTuple{(:b, :P, :N, :Z), NTuple{4, Oceananigans.Fields.ZeroField{Int64, 3}}}}}, NamedTuple{(:u, :v, :w), Tuple{OffsetArrays.OffsetArray{Float64, 3, CUDA.CuDeviceArray{Float64, 3, 1}}, OffsetArrays.OffsetArray{Float64, 3, CUDA.CuDeviceArray{Float64, 3, 1}}, OffsetArrays.OffsetArray{Float64, 3, CUDA.CuDeviceArray{Float64, 3, 1}}}}, NamedTuple{(:b, :P, :N, :Z), NTuple{4, OffsetArrays.OffsetArray{Float64, 3, CUDA.CuDeviceArray{Float64, 3, 1}}}}, NamedTuple{(), Tuple{}}, Nothing, Oceananigans.Forcings.DiscreteForcing{NTuple{7, Float64}, typeof(P_forcing)}, NamedTuple{(:time, :iteration, :stage), Tuple{Float64, Int64, Int64}}}) resulted in invalid LLVM IR
Reason: unsupported call to an unknown function (call to jl_f_getfield)
Stacktrace:
 [1] getproperty
   @ [./](https://vscode-remote+ssh-002dremote-002b10-002e92-002e255-002e2.vscode-resource.vscode-cdn.net/home/zhengwei/scratch/Project_ESM/)Base.jl:38
 [2] P_forcing
   @ [./](https://vscode-remote+ssh-002dremote-002b10-002e92-002e255-002e2.vscode-resource.vscode-cdn.net/home/zhengwei/scratch/Project_ESM/)In[4]:26
 [3] DiscreteForcing
   @ [~/.julia/packages/Oceananigans/KTw3g/src/Forcings/](https://vscode-remote+ssh-002dremote-002b10-002e92-002e255-002e2.vscode-resource.vscode-cdn.net/home/zhengwei/scratch/Project_ESM/~/.julia/packages/Oceananigans/KTw3g/src/Forcings/)discrete_forcing.jl:48
 [4] tracer_tendency
   @ [~/.julia/packages/Oceananigans/KTw3g/src/Models/NonhydrostaticModels/](https://vscode-remote+ssh-002dremote-002b10-002e92-002e255-002e2.vscode-resource.vscode-cdn.net/home/zhengwei/scratch/Project_ESM/~/.julia/packages/Oceananigans/KTw3g/src/Models/NonhydrostaticModels/)nonhydrostatic_tendency_kernel_functions.jl:234
 [5] macro expansion
   @ [~/.julia/packages/Oceananigans/KTw3g/src/Models/NonhydrostaticModels/](https://vscode-remote+ssh-002dremote-002b10-002e92-002e255-002e2.vscode-resource.vscode-cdn.net/home/zhengwei/scratch/Project_ESM/~/.julia/packages/Oceananigans/KTw3g/src/Models/NonhydrostaticModels/)calculate_nonhydrostatic_tendencies.jl:178
 [6] gpu_calculate_Gc!
   @ [~/.julia/packages/KernelAbstractions/C8flJ/src/](https://vscode-remote+ssh-002dremote-002b10-002e92-002e255-002e2.vscode-resource.vscode-cdn.net/home/zhengwei/scratch/Project_ESM/~/.julia/packages/KernelAbstractions/C8flJ/src/)macros.jl:81
 [7] gpu_calculate_Gc!
   @ [./](https://vscode-remote+ssh-002dremote-002b10-002e92-002e255-002e2.vscode-resource.vscode-cdn.net/home/zhengwei/scratch/Project_ESM/)none:0
Hint: catch this exception as `err` and call `code_typed(err; interactive = true)` to introspect the erronous code with Cthulhu.jl

Stacktrace:
  [1] check_ir(job::GPUCompiler.CompilerJob{GPUCompiler.PTXCompilerTarget, CUDA.CUDACompilerParams, GPUCompiler.FunctionSpec{typeof(Oceananigans.Models.NonhydrostaticModels.gpu_calculate_Gc!), Tuple{KernelAbstractions.CompilerMetadata{KernelAbstractions.NDIteration.StaticSize{(64, 1, 64)}, KernelAbstractions.NDIteration.DynamicCheck, Nothing, Nothing, KernelAbstractions.NDIteration.NDRange{3, KernelAbstractions.NDIteration.StaticSize{(1, 1, 64)}, KernelAbstractions.NDIteration.StaticSize{(64, 1, 1)}, Nothing, Nothing}}, OffsetArrays.OffsetArray{Float64, 3, CUDA.CuDeviceArray{Float64, 3, 1}}, RectilinearGrid{Float64, Periodic, Flat, Bounded, Float64, Float64, Float64, OffsetArrays.OffsetVector{Float64, StepRangeLen{Float64, Base.TwicePrecision{Float64}, Base.TwicePrecision{Float64}, Int64}}, StepRangeLen{Float64, Base.TwicePrecision{Float64}, Base.TwicePrecision{Float64}, Int64}, OffsetArrays.OffsetVector{Float64, StepRangeLen{Float64, Base.TwicePrecision{Float64}, Base.TwicePrecision{Float64}, Int64}}, Nothing}, Tuple{Val{2}, Val{:P}, UpwindBiased{3, Float64, Nothing, Nothing, Nothing, UpwindBiased{2, Float64, Nothing, Nothing, Nothing, UpwindBiased{1, Float64, Nothing, Nothing, Nothing, Nothing, Centered{1, Float64, Nothing, Nothing, Nothing, Nothing}}, Centered{1, Float64, Nothing, Nothing, Nothing, Nothing}}, Centered{2, Float64, Nothing, Nothing, Nothing, Centered{1, Float64, Nothing, Nothing, Nothing, Nothing}}}, ScalarDiffusivity{Oceananigans.TurbulenceClosures.ExplicitTimeDiscretization, Oceananigans.TurbulenceClosures.ThreeDimensionalFormulation, Float64, NamedTuple{(:b, :P, :N, :Z), NTuple{4, Float64}}}, BoundaryCondition{Oceananigans.BoundaryConditions.Flux, Nothing}, Nothing, Nothing, NamedTuple{(:velocities, :tracers), Tuple{NamedTuple{(:u, :v, :w), Tuple{Oceananigans.Fields.ZeroField{Int64, 3}, Oceananigans.Fields.ZeroField{Int64, 3}, Oceananigans.Fields.ZeroField{Int64, 3}}}, NamedTuple{(:b, :P, :N, :Z), NTuple{4, Oceananigans.Fields.ZeroField{Int64, 3}}}}}, NamedTuple{(:u, :v, :w), Tuple{OffsetArrays.OffsetArray{Float64, 3, CUDA.CuDeviceArray{Float64, 3, 1}}, OffsetArrays.OffsetArray{Float64, 3, CUDA.CuDeviceArray{Float64, 3, 1}}, OffsetArrays.OffsetArray{Float64, 3, CUDA.CuDeviceArray{Float64, 3, 1}}}}, NamedTuple{(:b, :P, :N, :Z), NTuple{4, OffsetArrays.OffsetArray{Float64, 3, CUDA.CuDeviceArray{Float64, 3, 1}}}}, NamedTuple{(), Tuple{}}, Nothing, Oceananigans.Forcings.DiscreteForcing{NTuple{7, Float64}, typeof(P_forcing)}, NamedTuple{(:time, :iteration, :stage), Tuple{Float64, Int64, Int64}}}}}}, args::LLVM.Module)
    @ GPUCompiler [~/.julia/packages/GPUCompiler/S3TWf/src/validation.jl:141](https://vscode-remote+ssh-002dremote-002b10-002e92-002e255-002e2.vscode-resource.vscode-cdn.net/home/zhengwei/scratch/Project_ESM/~/.julia/packages/GPUCompiler/S3TWf/src/validation.jl:141)
  [2] macro expansion
    @ [~/.julia/packages/GPUCompiler/S3TWf/src/driver.jl:418](https://vscode-remote+ssh-002dremote-002b10-002e92-002e255-002e2.vscode-resource.vscode-cdn.net/home/zhengwei/scratch/Project_ESM/~/.julia/packages/GPUCompiler/S3TWf/src/driver.jl:418) [inlined]
  [3] macro expansion
...
    @ Oceananigans.Simulations [~/.julia/packages/Oceananigans/KTw3g/src/Simulations/run.jl:99](https://vscode-remote+ssh-002dremote-002b10-002e92-002e255-002e2.vscode-resource.vscode-cdn.net/home/zhengwei/scratch/Project_ESM/~/.julia/packages/Oceananigans/KTw3g/src/Simulations/run.jl:99)
 [21] run!(sim::Simulation{NonhydrostaticModel{Oceananigans.TimeSteppers.RungeKutta3TimeStepper{Float64, NamedTuple{(:u, :v, :w, :b, :P, :N, :Z), Tuple{Field{Face, Center, Center, Nothing, RectilinearGrid{Float64, Periodic, Flat, Bounded, Float64, Float64, Float64, OffsetArrays.OffsetVector{Float64, StepRangeLen{Float64, Base.TwicePrecision{Float64}, Base.TwicePrecision{Float64}, Int64}}, StepRangeLen{Float64, Base.TwicePrecision{Float64}, Base.TwicePrecision{Float64}, Int64}, OffsetArrays.OffsetVector{Float64, StepRangeLen{Float64, Base.TwicePrecision{Float64}, Base.TwicePrecision{Float64}, Int64}}, GPU}, Tuple{Colon, Colon, Colon}, OffsetArrays.OffsetArray{Float64, 3, CUDA.CuArray{Float64, 3, CUDA.Mem.DeviceBuffer}}, Float64, FieldBoundaryConditions{BoundaryCondition{Oceananigans.BoundaryConditions.Periodic, Nothing}, BoundaryCondition{Oceananigans.BoundaryConditions.Periodic, Nothing}, Nothing, Nothing, BoundaryCondition{Oceananigans.BoundaryConditions.Flux, Nothing}, BoundaryCondition{Oceananigans.BoundaryConditions.Flux, Nothing}, BoundaryCondition{Oceananigans.BoundaryConditions.Flux, Nothing}}, Nothing, Oceananigans.Fields.FieldBoundaryBuffers{Nothing, Nothing, Nothing, Nothing}}, Field{Center, Face, Center, Nothing, RectilinearGrid{Float64, Periodic, Flat, Bounded, Float64, Float64, Float64, OffsetArrays.OffsetVector{Float64, StepRangeLen{Float64, Base.TwicePrecision{Float64}, Base.TwicePrecision{Float64}, Int64}}, StepRangeLen{Float64, Base.TwicePrecision{Float64}, Base.TwicePrecision{Float64}, Int64}, OffsetArrays.OffsetVector{Float64, StepRangeLen{Float64, Base.TwicePrecision{Float64}, Base.TwicePrecision{Float64}, Int64}}, GPU}, Tuple{Colon, Colon, Colon}, OffsetArrays.OffsetArray{Float64, 3, CUDA.CuArray{Float64, 3, CUDA.Mem.DeviceBuffer}}, Float64, FieldBoundaryConditions{BoundaryCondition{Oceananigans.BoundaryConditions.Periodic, Nothing}, BoundaryCondition{Oceananigans.BoundaryConditions.Periodic, Nothing}, Nothing, Nothing, BoundaryCondition{Oceananigans.BoundaryConditions.Flux, Nothing}, BoundaryCondition{Oceananigans.BoundaryConditions.Flux, Nothing}, BoundaryCondition{Oceananigans.BoundaryConditions.Flux, Nothing}}, Nothing, Oceananigans.Fields.FieldBoundaryBuffers{Nothing, Nothing, Nothing, Nothing}}, Field{Center, Center, Face, Nothing, RectilinearGrid{Float64, Periodic, Flat, Bounded, Float64, Float64, Float64, OffsetArrays.OffsetVector{Float64, StepRangeLen{Float64, Base.TwicePrecision{Float64}, Base.TwicePrecision{Float64}, Int64}}, StepRangeLen{Float64, Base.TwicePrecision{Float64}, Base.TwicePrecision{Float64}, Int64}, OffsetArrays.OffsetVector{Float64, StepRangeLen{Float64, Base.TwicePrecision{Float64}, Base.TwicePrecision{Float64}, Int64}}, GPU}, Tuple{Colon, Colon, Colon}, OffsetArrays.OffsetArray{Float64, 3, CUDA.CuArray{Float64, 3, CUDA.Mem.DeviceBuffer}}, Float64, FieldBoundaryConditions{BoundaryCondition{Oceananigans.BoundaryConditions.Periodic, Nothing}, BoundaryCondition{Oceananigans.BoundaryConditions.Periodic, Nothing}, Nothing, Nothing, Nothing, Nothing, BoundaryCondition{Oceananigans.BoundaryConditions.Flux, Nothing}}, Nothing, Oceananigans.Fields.FieldBoundaryBuffers{Nothing, Nothing, Nothing, Nothing}}, Field{Center, Center, Center, Nothing, RectilinearGrid{Float64, Periodic, Flat, Bounded, Float64, Float64, Float64, OffsetArrays.OffsetVector{Float64, StepRangeLen{Float64, Base.TwicePrecision{Float64}, Base.TwicePrecision{Float64}, Int64}}, StepRangeLen{Float64, Base.TwicePrecision{Float64}, Base.TwicePrecision{Float64}, Int64}, OffsetArrays.OffsetVector{Float64, StepRangeLen{Float64, Base.TwicePrecision{Float64}, Base.TwicePrecision{Float64}, Int64}}, GPU}, Tuple{Colon, Colon, Colon}, OffsetArrays.OffsetArray{Float64, 3, CUDA.CuArray{Float64, 3, CUDA.Mem.DeviceBuffer}}, Float64, FieldBoundaryConditions{BoundaryCondition{Oceananigans.BoundaryConditions.Periodic, Nothing}, BoundaryCondition{Oceananigans.BoundaryConditions.Periodic, Nothing}, Nothing, Nothing, BoundaryCondition{Oceananigans.BoundaryConditions.Flux, Nothing}, BoundaryCondition{Oceananigans.BoundaryConditions.Flux, Nothing}, BoundaryCondition{Oceananigans.BoundaryConditions.Flux, Nothing}}, Nothing, Oceananigans.Fields.FieldBoundaryBuffers{Nothing, Nothing, Nothing, Nothing}}, Field{Center, Center, Center, Nothing, RectilinearGrid{Float64, Periodic, Flat, Bounded, Float64, Float64, Float64, OffsetArrays.OffsetVector{Float64, StepRangeLen{Float64, Base.TwicePrecision{Float64}, Base.TwicePrecision{Float64}, Int64}}, StepRangeLen{Float64, Base.TwicePrecision{Float64}, Base.TwicePrecision{Float64}, Int64}, OffsetArrays.OffsetVector{Float64, StepRangeLen{Float64, Base.TwicePrecision{Float64}, Base.TwicePrecision{Float64}, Int64}}, GPU}, Tuple{Colon, Colon, Colon}, OffsetArrays.OffsetArray{Float64, 3, CUDA.CuArray{Float64, 3, CUDA.Mem.DeviceBuffer}}, Float64, FieldBoundaryConditions{BoundaryCondition{Oceananigans.BoundaryConditions.Periodic, Nothing}, BoundaryCondition{Oceananigans.BoundaryConditions.Periodic, Nothing}, Nothing, Nothing, BoundaryCondition{Oceananigans.BoundaryConditions.Flux, Nothing}, BoundaryCondition{Oceananigans.BoundaryConditions.Flux, Nothing}, BoundaryCondition{Oceananigans.BoundaryConditions.Flux, Nothing}}, Nothing, Oceananigans.Fields.FieldBoundaryBuffers{Nothing, Nothing, Nothing, Nothing}}, Field{Center, Center, Center, Nothing, RectilinearGrid{Float64, Periodic, Flat, Bounded, Float64, Float64, Float64, OffsetArrays.OffsetVector{Float64, StepRangeLen{Float64, Base.TwicePrecision{Float64}, Base.TwicePrecision{Float64}, Int64}}, StepRangeLen{Float64, Base.TwicePrecision{Float64}, Base.TwicePrecision{Float64}, Int64}, OffsetArrays.OffsetVector{Float64, StepRangeLen{Float64, Base.TwicePrecision{Float64}, Base.TwicePrecision{Float64}, Int64}}, GPU}, Tuple{Colon, Colon, Colon}, OffsetArrays.OffsetArray{Float64, 3, CUDA.CuArray{Float64, 3, CUDA.Mem.DeviceBuffer}}, Float64, FieldBoundaryConditions{BoundaryCondition{Oceananigans.BoundaryConditions.Periodic, Nothing}, BoundaryCondition{Oceananigans.BoundaryConditions.Periodic, Nothing}, Nothing, Nothing, BoundaryCondition{Oceananigans.BoundaryConditions.Flux, Nothing}, BoundaryCondition{Oceananigans.BoundaryConditions.Flux, Nothing}, BoundaryCondition{Oceananigans.BoundaryConditions.Flux, Nothing}}, Nothing, Oceananigans.Fields.FieldBoundaryBuffers{Nothing, Nothing, Nothing, Nothing}}, Field{Center, Center, Center, Nothing, RectilinearGrid{Float64, Periodic, Flat, Bounded, Float64, Float64, Float64, OffsetArrays.OffsetVector{Float64, StepRangeLen{Float64, Base.TwicePrecision{Float64}, Base.TwicePrecision{Float64}, Int64}}, StepRangeLen{Float64, Base.TwicePrecision{Float64}, Base.TwicePrecision{Float64}, Int64}, OffsetArrays.OffsetVector{Float64, StepRangeLen{Float64, Base.TwicePrecision{Float64}, Base.TwicePrecision{Float64}, Int64}}, GPU}, Tuple{Colon, Colon, Colon}, OffsetArrays.OffsetArray{Float64, 3, CUDA.CuArray{Float64, 3, CUDA.Mem.DeviceBuffer}}, Float64, FieldBoundaryConditions{BoundaryCondition{Oceananigans.BoundaryConditions.Periodic, Nothing}, BoundaryCondition{Oceananigans.BoundaryConditions.Periodic, Nothing}, Nothing, Nothing, BoundaryCondition{Oceananigans.BoundaryConditions.Flux, Nothing}, BoundaryCondition{Oceananigans.BoundaryConditions.Flux, Nothing}, BoundaryCondition{Oceananigans.BoundaryConditions.Flux, Nothing}}, Nothing, Oceananigans.Fields.FieldBoundaryBuffers{Nothing, Nothing, Nothing, Nothing}}}}, Nothing}, ScalarDiffusivity{Oceananigans.TurbulenceClosures.ExplicitTimeDiscretization, Oceananigans.TurbulenceClosures.ThreeDimensionalFormulation, Float64, NamedTuple{(:b, :P, :N, :Z), NTuple{4, Float64}}}, GPU, RectilinearGrid{Float64, Periodic, Flat, Bounded, Float64, Float64, Float64, OffsetArrays.OffsetVector{Float64, StepRangeLen{Float64, Base.TwicePrecision{Float64}, Base.TwicePrecision{Float64}, Int64}}, StepRangeLen{Float64, Base.TwicePrecision{Float64}, Base.TwicePrecision{Float64}, Int64}, OffsetArrays.OffsetVector{Float64, StepRangeLen{Float64, Base.TwicePrecision{Float64}, Base.TwicePrecision{Float64}, Int64}}, GPU}, Float64, Nothing, FPlane{Float64}, Nothing, NamedTuple{(:u, :v, :w), Tuple{Field{Face, Center, Center, Nothing, RectilinearGrid{Float64, Periodic, Flat, Bounded, Float64, Float64, Float64, OffsetArrays.OffsetVector{Float64, StepRangeLen{Float64, Base.TwicePrecision{Float64}, Base.TwicePrecision{Float64}, Int64}}, StepRangeLen{Float64, Base.TwicePrecision{Float64}, Base.TwicePrecision{Float64}, Int64}, OffsetArrays.OffsetVector{Float64, StepRangeLen{Float64, Base.TwicePrecision{Float64}, Base.TwicePrecision{Float64}, Int64}}, GPU}, Tuple{Colon, Colon, Colon}, OffsetArrays.OffsetArray{Float64, 3, CUDA.CuArray{Float64, 3, CUDA.Mem.DeviceBuffer}}, Float64, FieldBoundaryConditions{BoundaryCondition{Oceananigans.BoundaryConditions.Periodic, Nothing}, BoundaryCondition{Oceananigans.BoundaryConditions.Periodic, Nothing}, Nothing, Nothing, BoundaryCondition{Oceananigans.BoundaryConditions.Flux, Nothing}, BoundaryCondition{Oceananigans.BoundaryConditions.Flux, Nothing}, BoundaryCondition{Oceananigans.BoundaryConditions.Flux, Nothing}}, Nothing, Oceananigans.Fields.FieldBoundaryBuffers{Nothing, Nothing, Nothing, Nothing}}, Field{Center, Face, Center, Nothing, RectilinearGrid{Float64, Periodic, Flat, Bounded, Float64, Float64, Float64, OffsetArrays.OffsetVector{Float64, StepRangeLen{Float64, Base.TwicePrecision{Float64}, Base.TwicePrecision{Float64}, Int64}}, StepRangeLen{Float64, Base.TwicePrecision{Float64}, Base.TwicePrecision{Float64}, Int64}, OffsetArrays.OffsetVector{Float64, StepRangeLen{Float64, Base.TwicePrecision{Float64}, Base.TwicePrecision{Float64}, Int64}}, GPU}, Tuple{Colon, Colon, Colon}, OffsetArrays.OffsetArray{Float64, 3, CUDA.CuArray{Float64, 3, CUDA.Mem.DeviceBuffer}}, Float64, FieldBoundaryConditions{BoundaryCondition{Oceananigans.BoundaryConditions.Periodic, Nothing}, BoundaryCondition{Oceananigans.BoundaryConditions.Periodic, Nothing}, Nothing, Nothing, BoundaryCondition{Oceananigans.BoundaryConditions.Flux, Nothing}, BoundaryCondition{Oceananigans.BoundaryConditions.Flux, Nothing}, BoundaryCondition{Oceananigans.BoundaryConditions.Flux, Nothing}}, Nothing, Oceananigans.Fields.FieldBoundaryBuffers{Nothing, Nothing, Nothing, Nothing}}, Field{Center, Center, Face, Nothing, RectilinearGrid{Float64, Periodic, Flat, Bounded, Float64, Float64, Float64, OffsetArrays.OffsetVector{Float64, StepRangeLen{Float64, Base.TwicePrecision{Float64}, Base.TwicePrecision{Float64}, Int64}}, StepRangeLen{Float64, Base.TwicePrecision{Float64}, Base.TwicePrecision{Float64}, Int64}, OffsetArrays.OffsetVector{Float64, StepRangeLen{Float64, Base.TwicePrecision{Float64}, Base.TwicePrecision{Float64}, Int64}}, GPU}, Tuple{Colon, Colon, Colon}, OffsetArrays.OffsetArray{Float64, 3, CUDA.CuArray{Float64, 3, CUDA.Mem.DeviceBuffer}}, Float64, FieldBoundaryConditions{BoundaryCondition{Oceananigans.BoundaryConditions.Periodic, Nothing}, BoundaryCondition{Oceananigans.BoundaryConditions.Periodic, Nothing}, Nothing, Nothing, BoundaryCondition{Oceananigans.BoundaryConditions.Open, Nothing}, BoundaryCondition{Oceananigans.BoundaryConditions.Open, Nothing}, BoundaryCondition{Oceananigans.BoundaryConditions.Flux, Nothing}}, Nothing, Oceananigans.Fields.FieldBoundaryBuffers{Nothing, Nothing, Nothing, Nothing}}}}, NamedTuple{(:b, :P, :N, :Z), NTuple{4, Field{Center, Center, Center, Nothing, RectilinearGrid{Float64, Periodic, Flat, Bounded, Float64, Float64, Float64, OffsetArrays.OffsetVector{Float64, StepRangeLen{Float64, Base.TwicePrecision{Float64}, Base.TwicePrecision{Float64}, Int64}}, StepRangeLen{Float64, Base.TwicePrecision{Float64}, Base.TwicePrecision{Float64}, Int64}, OffsetArrays.OffsetVector{Float64, 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Base.TwicePrecision{Float64}, Base.TwicePrecision{Float64}, Int64}, OffsetArrays.OffsetVector{Float64, StepRangeLen{Float64, Base.TwicePrecision{Float64}, Base.TwicePrecision{Float64}, Int64}}, GPU}, NamedTuple{(:λx, :λy, :λz), Tuple{CUDA.CuArray{Float64, 3, CUDA.Mem.DeviceBuffer}, CUDA.CuArray{Float64, 3, CUDA.Mem.DeviceBuffer}, CUDA.CuArray{Float64, 3, CUDA.Mem.DeviceBuffer}}}, CUDA.CuArray{ComplexF64, 3, CUDA.Mem.DeviceBuffer}, CUDA.CuArray{ComplexF64, 3, CUDA.Mem.DeviceBuffer}, NamedTuple{(:forward, :backward), Tuple{Tuple{Oceananigans.Solvers.DiscreteTransform{CUDA.CUFFT.cCuFFTPlan{ComplexF64, -1, true, 3}, Oceananigans.Solvers.Forward, RectilinearGrid{Float64, Periodic, Flat, Bounded, Float64, Float64, Float64, OffsetArrays.OffsetVector{Float64, StepRangeLen{Float64, Base.TwicePrecision{Float64}, Base.TwicePrecision{Float64}, Int64}}, StepRangeLen{Float64, Base.TwicePrecision{Float64}, Base.TwicePrecision{Float64}, Int64}, OffsetArrays.OffsetVector{Float64, StepRangeLen{Float64, Base.TwicePrecision{Float64}, Base.TwicePrecision{Float64}, Int64}}, GPU}, Int64, Bounded, Int64, NamedTuple{(:forward, :backward), Tuple{CUDA.CuArray{ComplexF64, 3, CUDA.Mem.DeviceBuffer}, CUDA.CuArray{ComplexF64, 3, CUDA.Mem.DeviceBuffer}}}, Nothing}, Oceananigans.Solvers.DiscreteTransform{Nothing, Nothing, Nothing, Nothing, Nothing, Nothing, Nothing, Nothing}, Oceananigans.Solvers.DiscreteTransform{CUDA.CUFFT.cCuFFTPlan{ComplexF64, -1, true, 3}, Oceananigans.Solvers.Forward, RectilinearGrid{Float64, Periodic, Flat, Bounded, Float64, Float64, Float64, OffsetArrays.OffsetVector{Float64, StepRangeLen{Float64, Base.TwicePrecision{Float64}, Base.TwicePrecision{Float64}, Int64}}, StepRangeLen{Float64, Base.TwicePrecision{Float64}, Base.TwicePrecision{Float64}, Int64}, OffsetArrays.OffsetVector{Float64, StepRangeLen{Float64, Base.TwicePrecision{Float64}, Base.TwicePrecision{Float64}, Int64}}, GPU}, Int64, Periodic, Int64, Nothing, Nothing}}, Tuple{Oceananigans.Solvers.DiscreteTransform{AbstractFFTs.ScaledPlan{ComplexF64, CUDA.CUFFT.cCuFFTPlan{ComplexF64, 1, true, 3}, Float64}, Oceananigans.Solvers.Backward, RectilinearGrid{Float64, Periodic, Flat, Bounded, Float64, Float64, Float64, OffsetArrays.OffsetVector{Float64, StepRangeLen{Float64, Base.TwicePrecision{Float64}, Base.TwicePrecision{Float64}, Int64}}, StepRangeLen{Float64, Base.TwicePrecision{Float64}, Base.TwicePrecision{Float64}, Int64}, OffsetArrays.OffsetVector{Float64, StepRangeLen{Float64, Base.TwicePrecision{Float64}, Base.TwicePrecision{Float64}, Int64}}, GPU}, Int64, Periodic, Int64, Nothing, Nothing}, Oceananigans.Solvers.DiscreteTransform{Nothing, Nothing, Nothing, Nothing, Nothing, Nothing, Nothing, Nothing}, Oceananigans.Solvers.DiscreteTransform{AbstractFFTs.ScaledPlan{ComplexF64, CUDA.CUFFT.cCuFFTPlan{ComplexF64, 1, true, 3}, Float64}, Oceananigans.Solvers.Backward, RectilinearGrid{Float64, Periodic, Flat, Bounded, Float64, Float64, Float64, OffsetArrays.OffsetVector{Float64, StepRangeLen{Float64, Base.TwicePrecision{Float64}, Base.TwicePrecision{Float64}, Int64}}, StepRangeLen{Float64, Base.TwicePrecision{Float64}, Base.TwicePrecision{Float64}, Int64}, OffsetArrays.OffsetVector{Float64, StepRangeLen{Float64, Base.TwicePrecision{Float64}, Base.TwicePrecision{Float64}, Int64}}, GPU}, Int64, Bounded, Int64, NamedTuple{(:forward, :backward), Tuple{CUDA.CuArray{ComplexF64, 3, CUDA.Mem.DeviceBuffer}, CUDA.CuArray{ComplexF64, 3, CUDA.Mem.DeviceBuffer}}}, Nothing}}}}}, Nothing, NamedTuple{(:velocities, :tracers), Tuple{NamedTuple{(:u, :v, :w), Tuple{Oceananigans.Fields.ZeroField{Int64, 3}, Oceananigans.Fields.ZeroField{Int64, 3}, Oceananigans.Fields.ZeroField{Int64, 3}}}, NamedTuple{(:b, :P, :N, :Z), NTuple{4, Oceananigans.Fields.ZeroField{Int64, 3}}}}}, Nothing, Nothing, Nothing, NamedTuple{(), Tuple{}}}, Oceananigans.TimeSteppers.RungeKutta3TimeStepper{Float64, NamedTuple{(:u, :v, :w, :b, :P, :N, :Z), Tuple{Field{Face, Center, Center, Nothing, RectilinearGrid{Float64, Periodic, Flat, Bounded, Float64, Float64, Float64, OffsetArrays.OffsetVector{Float64, StepRangeLen{Float64, Base.TwicePrecision{Float64}, Base.TwicePrecision{Float64}, Int64}}, StepRangeLen{Float64, Base.TwicePrecision{Float64}, Base.TwicePrecision{Float64}, Int64}, OffsetArrays.OffsetVector{Float64, StepRangeLen{Float64, Base.TwicePrecision{Float64}, Base.TwicePrecision{Float64}, Int64}}, GPU}, Tuple{Colon, Colon, Colon}, OffsetArrays.OffsetArray{Float64, 3, CUDA.CuArray{Float64, 3, CUDA.Mem.DeviceBuffer}}, Float64, FieldBoundaryConditions{BoundaryCondition{Oceananigans.BoundaryConditions.Periodic, Nothing}, BoundaryCondition{Oceananigans.BoundaryConditions.Periodic, Nothing}, Nothing, Nothing, BoundaryCondition{Oceananigans.BoundaryConditions.Flux, Nothing}, BoundaryCondition{Oceananigans.BoundaryConditions.Flux, Nothing}, BoundaryCondition{Oceananigans.BoundaryConditions.Flux, Nothing}}, Nothing, Oceananigans.Fields.FieldBoundaryBuffers{Nothing, Nothing, Nothing, Nothing}}, Field{Center, Face, Center, Nothing, RectilinearGrid{Float64, Periodic, Flat, Bounded, Float64, Float64, Float64, OffsetArrays.OffsetVector{Float64, StepRangeLen{Float64, Base.TwicePrecision{Float64}, Base.TwicePrecision{Float64}, Int64}}, StepRangeLen{Float64, Base.TwicePrecision{Float64}, Base.TwicePrecision{Float64}, Int64}, OffsetArrays.OffsetVector{Float64, StepRangeLen{Float64, Base.TwicePrecision{Float64}, Base.TwicePrecision{Float64}, Int64}}, GPU}, Tuple{Colon, Colon, Colon}, OffsetArrays.OffsetArray{Float64, 3, CUDA.CuArray{Float64, 3, CUDA.Mem.DeviceBuffer}}, Float64, FieldBoundaryConditions{BoundaryCondition{Oceananigans.BoundaryConditions.Periodic, Nothing}, BoundaryCondition{Oceananigans.BoundaryConditions.Periodic, Nothing}, Nothing, Nothing, BoundaryCondition{Oceananigans.BoundaryConditions.Flux, Nothing}, BoundaryCondition{Oceananigans.BoundaryConditions.Flux, Nothing}, BoundaryCondition{Oceananigans.BoundaryConditions.Flux, Nothing}}, Nothing, Oceananigans.Fields.FieldBoundaryBuffers{Nothing, Nothing, Nothing, Nothing}}, Field{Center, Center, Face, Nothing, RectilinearGrid{Float64, Periodic, Flat, Bounded, Float64, Float64, Float64, OffsetArrays.OffsetVector{Float64, StepRangeLen{Float64, Base.TwicePrecision{Float64}, Base.TwicePrecision{Float64}, Int64}}, StepRangeLen{Float64, Base.TwicePrecision{Float64}, Base.TwicePrecision{Float64}, Int64}, OffsetArrays.OffsetVector{Float64, StepRangeLen{Float64, Base.TwicePrecision{Float64}, Base.TwicePrecision{Float64}, Int64}}, GPU}, Tuple{Colon, Colon, Colon}, OffsetArrays.OffsetArray{Float64, 3, CUDA.CuArray{Float64, 3, CUDA.Mem.DeviceBuffer}}, Float64, FieldBoundaryConditions{BoundaryCondition{Oceananigans.BoundaryConditions.Periodic, Nothing}, BoundaryCondition{Oceananigans.BoundaryConditions.Periodic, Nothing}, Nothing, Nothing, Nothing, Nothing, BoundaryCondition{Oceananigans.BoundaryConditions.Flux, Nothing}}, Nothing, Oceananigans.Fields.FieldBoundaryBuffers{Nothing, Nothing, Nothing, Nothing}}, Field{Center, Center, Center, Nothing, RectilinearGrid{Float64, Periodic, Flat, Bounded, Float64, Float64, Float64, OffsetArrays.OffsetVector{Float64, StepRangeLen{Float64, Base.TwicePrecision{Float64}, Base.TwicePrecision{Float64}, Int64}}, StepRangeLen{Float64, Base.TwicePrecision{Float64}, Base.TwicePrecision{Float64}, Int64}, OffsetArrays.OffsetVector{Float64, StepRangeLen{Float64, Base.TwicePrecision{Float64}, Base.TwicePrecision{Float64}, Int64}}, GPU}, Tuple{Colon, Colon, Colon}, OffsetArrays.OffsetArray{Float64, 3, CUDA.CuArray{Float64, 3, CUDA.Mem.DeviceBuffer}}, Float64, FieldBoundaryConditions{BoundaryCondition{Oceananigans.BoundaryConditions.Periodic, Nothing}, BoundaryCondition{Oceananigans.BoundaryConditions.Periodic, Nothing}, Nothing, Nothing, BoundaryCondition{Oceananigans.BoundaryConditions.Flux, Nothing}, BoundaryCondition{Oceananigans.BoundaryConditions.Flux, Nothing}, BoundaryCondition{Oceananigans.BoundaryConditions.Flux, Nothing}}, Nothing, Oceananigans.Fields.FieldBoundaryBuffers{Nothing, Nothing, Nothing, Nothing}}, Field{Center, Center, Center, Nothing, RectilinearGrid{Float64, Periodic, Flat, Bounded, Float64, Float64, Float64, OffsetArrays.OffsetVector{Float64, StepRangeLen{Float64, Base.TwicePrecision{Float64}, Base.TwicePrecision{Float64}, Int64}}, StepRangeLen{Float64, Base.TwicePrecision{Float64}, Base.TwicePrecision{Float64}, Int64}, OffsetArrays.OffsetVector{Float64, StepRangeLen{Float64, Base.TwicePrecision{Float64}, Base.TwicePrecision{Float64}, Int64}}, GPU}, Tuple{Colon, Colon, Colon}, OffsetArrays.OffsetArray{Float64, 3, CUDA.CuArray{Float64, 3, CUDA.Mem.DeviceBuffer}}, Float64, FieldBoundaryConditions{BoundaryCondition{Oceananigans.BoundaryConditions.Periodic, Nothing}, BoundaryCondition{Oceananigans.BoundaryConditions.Periodic, Nothing}, Nothing, Nothing, BoundaryCondition{Oceananigans.BoundaryConditions.Flux, Nothing}, BoundaryCondition{Oceananigans.BoundaryConditions.Flux, Nothing}, BoundaryCondition{Oceananigans.BoundaryConditions.Flux, Nothing}}, Nothing, Oceananigans.Fields.FieldBoundaryBuffers{Nothing, Nothing, Nothing, Nothing}}, Field{Center, Center, Center, Nothing, RectilinearGrid{Float64, Periodic, Flat, Bounded, Float64, Float64, Float64, OffsetArrays.OffsetVector{Float64, StepRangeLen{Float64, Base.TwicePrecision{Float64}, Base.TwicePrecision{Float64}, Int64}}, StepRangeLen{Float64, Base.TwicePrecision{Float64}, Base.TwicePrecision{Float64}, Int64}, OffsetArrays.OffsetVector{Float64, StepRangeLen{Float64, Base.TwicePrecision{Float64}, Base.TwicePrecision{Float64}, Int64}}, GPU}, Tuple{Colon, Colon, Colon}, OffsetArrays.OffsetArray{Float64, 3, CUDA.CuArray{Float64, 3, CUDA.Mem.DeviceBuffer}}, Float64, FieldBoundaryConditions{BoundaryCondition{Oceananigans.BoundaryConditions.Periodic, Nothing}, BoundaryCondition{Oceananigans.BoundaryConditions.Periodic, Nothing}, Nothing, Nothing, BoundaryCondition{Oceananigans.BoundaryConditions.Flux, Nothing}, BoundaryCondition{Oceananigans.BoundaryConditions.Flux, Nothing}, BoundaryCondition{Oceananigans.BoundaryConditions.Flux, Nothing}}, Nothing, Oceananigans.Fields.FieldBoundaryBuffers{Nothing, Nothing, Nothing, Nothing}}, Field{Center, Center, Center, Nothing, RectilinearGrid{Float64, Periodic, Flat, Bounded, Float64, Float64, Float64, OffsetArrays.OffsetVector{Float64, StepRangeLen{Float64, Base.TwicePrecision{Float64}, Base.TwicePrecision{Float64}, Int64}}, StepRangeLen{Float64, Base.TwicePrecision{Float64}, Base.TwicePrecision{Float64}, Int64}, OffsetArrays.OffsetVector{Float64, StepRangeLen{Float64, Base.TwicePrecision{Float64}, Base.TwicePrecision{Float64}, Int64}}, GPU}, Tuple{Colon, Colon, Colon}, OffsetArrays.OffsetArray{Float64, 3, CUDA.CuArray{Float64, 3, CUDA.Mem.DeviceBuffer}}, Float64, FieldBoundaryConditions{BoundaryCondition{Oceananigans.BoundaryConditions.Periodic, Nothing}, BoundaryCondition{Oceananigans.BoundaryConditions.Periodic, Nothing}, Nothing, Nothing, BoundaryCondition{Oceananigans.BoundaryConditions.Flux, Nothing}, BoundaryCondition{Oceananigans.BoundaryConditions.Flux, Nothing}, BoundaryCondition{Oceananigans.BoundaryConditions.Flux, Nothing}}, Nothing, Oceananigans.Fields.FieldBoundaryBuffers{Nothing, Nothing, Nothing, Nothing}}}}, Nothing}, Float64, Float64, OrderedCollections.OrderedDict{Symbol, Oceananigans.AbstractDiagnostic}, OrderedCollections.OrderedDict{Symbol, Oceananigans.AbstractOutputWriter}, OrderedCollections.OrderedDict{Symbol, Callback}})
    @ Oceananigans.Simulations [~/.julia/packages/Oceananigans/KTw3g/src/Simulations/run.jl:87](https://vscode-remote+ssh-002dremote-002b10-002e92-002e255-002e2.vscode-resource.vscode-cdn.net/home/zhengwei/scratch/Project_ESM/~/.julia/packages/Oceananigans/KTw3g/src/Simulations/run.jl:87)
 [22] top-level scope
    @ In[4]:71

[glwagner]

Does it run on the CPU?

[zwei961120]

Thanks for your reply! I just tested on the CPU, and another error threw shown as nested task error: type Tuple has no field Vm, so could this error also be the cause of not running successfully on the GPU?

[ Info: Initializing simulation...
Iteration: 0, time: 0 seconds, Δt: 2 minutes
[ Info:     ... simulation initialization complete (1.624 seconds)
[ Info: Executing initial time step...
Output exceeds the [size limit](command:workbench.action.openSettings?%5B%22notebook.output.textLineLimit%22%5D). Open the full output data [in a text editor](command:workbench.action.openLargeOutput?6feb9d3b-9c5d-446e-94bd-e7189c1b8599)TaskFailedException

    nested task error: type Tuple has no field Vm
    Stacktrace:
     [1] getproperty
       @ [./](https://vscode-remote+ssh-002dremote-002b10-002e92-002e255-002e2.vscode-resource.vscode-cdn.net/home/zhengwei/scratch/Project_ESM/)Base.jl:38 [inlined]
     [2] P_forcing
       @ [./](https://vscode-remote+ssh-002dremote-002b10-002e92-002e255-002e2.vscode-resource.vscode-cdn.net/home/zhengwei/scratch/Project_ESM/)In[5]:24 [inlined]
     [3] DiscreteForcing
       @ [~/.julia/packages/Oceananigans/KTw3g/src/Forcings/](https://vscode-remote+ssh-002dremote-002b10-002e92-002e255-002e2.vscode-resource.vscode-cdn.net/home/zhengwei/scratch/Project_ESM/~/.julia/packages/Oceananigans/KTw3g/src/Forcings/)discrete_forcing.jl:48 [inlined]
     [4] tracer_tendency
       @ [~/.julia/packages/Oceananigans/KTw3g/src/Models/NonhydrostaticModels/](https://vscode-remote+ssh-002dremote-002b10-002e92-002e255-002e2.vscode-resource.vscode-cdn.net/home/zhengwei/scratch/Project_ESM/~/.julia/packages/Oceananigans/KTw3g/src/Models/NonhydrostaticModels/)nonhydrostatic_tendency_kernel_functions.jl:234 [inlined]
     [5] cpu_calculate_Gc!
       @ [~/.julia/packages/KernelAbstractions/C8flJ/src/](https://vscode-remote+ssh-002dremote-002b10-002e92-002e255-002e2.vscode-resource.vscode-cdn.net/home/zhengwei/scratch/Project_ESM/~/.julia/packages/KernelAbstractions/C8flJ/src/)macros.jl:267 [inlined]
     [6] cpu_calculate_Gc!(__ctx__::KernelAbstractions.CompilerMetadata{KernelAbstractions.NDIteration.StaticSize{(64, 1, 64)}, KernelAbstractions.NDIteration.NoDynamicCheck, CartesianIndex{3}, Nothing, KernelAbstractions.NDIteration.NDRange{3, KernelAbstractions.NDIteration.StaticSize{(1, 1, 64)}, KernelAbstractions.NDIteration.StaticSize{(64, 1, 1)}, Nothing, Nothing}}, Gc::Field{Center, Center, Center, Nothing, RectilinearGrid{Float64, Periodic, Flat, Bounded, Float64, Float64, Float64, OffsetArrays.OffsetVector{Float64, StepRangeLen{Float64, Base.TwicePrecision{Float64}, Base.TwicePrecision{Float64}, Int64}}, StepRangeLen{Float64, Base.TwicePrecision{Float64}, Base.TwicePrecision{Float64}, Int64}, OffsetArrays.OffsetVector{Float64, StepRangeLen{Float64, Base.TwicePrecision{Float64}, Base.TwicePrecision{Float64}, Int64}}, CPU}, Tuple{Colon, Colon, Colon}, OffsetArrays.OffsetArray{Float64, 3, Array{Float64, 3}}, Float64, FieldBoundaryConditions{BoundaryCondition{Oceananigans.BoundaryConditions.Periodic, Nothing}, BoundaryCondition{Oceananigans.BoundaryConditions.Periodic, Nothing}, Nothing, Nothing, BoundaryCondition{Oceananigans.BoundaryConditions.Flux, Nothing}, BoundaryCondition{Oceananigans.BoundaryConditions.Flux, Nothing}, BoundaryCondition{Oceananigans.BoundaryConditions.Flux, Nothing}}, Nothing, Oceananigans.Fields.FieldBoundaryBuffers{Nothing, Nothing, Nothing, Nothing}}, grid::RectilinearGrid{Float64, Periodic, Flat, Bounded, Float64, Float64, Float64, OffsetArrays.OffsetVector{Float64, StepRangeLen{Float64, Base.TwicePrecision{Float64}, Base.TwicePrecision{Float64}, Int64}}, StepRangeLen{Float64, Base.TwicePrecision{Float64}, Base.TwicePrecision{Float64}, Int64}, OffsetArrays.OffsetVector{Float64, StepRangeLen{Float64, Base.TwicePrecision{Float64}, Base.TwicePrecision{Float64}, Int64}}, CPU}, args::Tuple{Val{2}, Val{:P}, UpwindBiased{3, Float64, Nothing, Nothing, Nothing, UpwindBiased{2, 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Bounded, Float64, Float64, Float64, OffsetArrays.OffsetVector{Float64, StepRangeLen{Float64, Base.TwicePrecision{Float64}, Base.TwicePrecision{Float64}, Int64}}, StepRangeLen{Float64, Base.TwicePrecision{Float64}, Base.TwicePrecision{Float64}, Int64}, OffsetArrays.OffsetVector{Float64, StepRangeLen{Float64, Base.TwicePrecision{Float64}, Base.TwicePrecision{Float64}, Int64}}, CPU}, Tuple{Colon, Colon, Colon}, OffsetArrays.OffsetArray{Float64, 3, Array{Float64, 3}}, Float64, FieldBoundaryConditions{BoundaryCondition{Oceananigans.BoundaryConditions.Periodic, Nothing}, BoundaryCondition{Oceananigans.BoundaryConditions.Periodic, Nothing}, Nothing, Nothing, BoundaryCondition{Oceananigans.BoundaryConditions.Flux, Nothing}, BoundaryCondition{Oceananigans.BoundaryConditions.Flux, Nothing}, BoundaryCondition{Oceananigans.BoundaryConditions.Flux, Nothing}}, Nothing, Oceananigans.Fields.FieldBoundaryBuffers{Nothing, Nothing, Nothing, Nothing}}, Field{Center, Face, Center, Nothing, RectilinearGrid{Float64, Periodic, Flat, Bounded, Float64, Float64, Float64, OffsetArrays.OffsetVector{Float64, StepRangeLen{Float64, Base.TwicePrecision{Float64}, Base.TwicePrecision{Float64}, Int64}}, StepRangeLen{Float64, Base.TwicePrecision{Float64}, Base.TwicePrecision{Float64}, Int64}, OffsetArrays.OffsetVector{Float64, StepRangeLen{Float64, Base.TwicePrecision{Float64}, Base.TwicePrecision{Float64}, Int64}}, CPU}, Tuple{Colon, Colon, Colon}, OffsetArrays.OffsetArray{Float64, 3, Array{Float64, 3}}, Float64, FieldBoundaryConditions{BoundaryCondition{Oceananigans.BoundaryConditions.Periodic, Nothing}, BoundaryCondition{Oceananigans.BoundaryConditions.Periodic, Nothing}, Nothing, Nothing, BoundaryCondition{Oceananigans.BoundaryConditions.Flux, Nothing}, BoundaryCondition{Oceananigans.BoundaryConditions.Flux, Nothing}, BoundaryCondition{Oceananigans.BoundaryConditions.Flux, Nothing}}, Nothing, Oceananigans.Fields.FieldBoundaryBuffers{Nothing, Nothing, Nothing, Nothing}}, Field{Center, Center, Face, Nothing, RectilinearGrid{Float64, Periodic, Flat, Bounded, Float64, Float64, Float64, OffsetArrays.OffsetVector{Float64, StepRangeLen{Float64, Base.TwicePrecision{Float64}, Base.TwicePrecision{Float64}, Int64}}, StepRangeLen{Float64, Base.TwicePrecision{Float64}, Base.TwicePrecision{Float64}, Int64}, OffsetArrays.OffsetVector{Float64, StepRangeLen{Float64, Base.TwicePrecision{Float64}, Base.TwicePrecision{Float64}, Int64}}, CPU}, Tuple{Colon, Colon, Colon}, OffsetArrays.OffsetArray{Float64, 3, Array{Float64, 3}}, Float64, FieldBoundaryConditions{BoundaryCondition{Oceananigans.BoundaryConditions.Periodic, Nothing}, BoundaryCondition{Oceananigans.BoundaryConditions.Periodic, Nothing}, Nothing, Nothing, BoundaryCondition{Oceananigans.BoundaryConditions.Open, Nothing}, BoundaryCondition{Oceananigans.BoundaryConditions.Open, Nothing}, BoundaryCondition{Oceananigans.BoundaryConditions.Flux, Nothing}}, Nothing, Oceananigans.Fields.FieldBoundaryBuffers{Nothing, Nothing, Nothing, Nothing}}}}, NamedTuple{(:b, :P, :N, :Z), NTuple{4, Field{Center, Center, Center, Nothing, RectilinearGrid{Float64, Periodic, Flat, Bounded, Float64, Float64, Float64, OffsetArrays.OffsetVector{Float64, StepRangeLen{Float64, Base.TwicePrecision{Float64}, Base.TwicePrecision{Float64}, Int64}}, StepRangeLen{Float64, Base.TwicePrecision{Float64}, Base.TwicePrecision{Float64}, Int64}, OffsetArrays.OffsetVector{Float64, StepRangeLen{Float64, Base.TwicePrecision{Float64}, Base.TwicePrecision{Float64}, Int64}}, CPU}, Tuple{Colon, Colon, Colon}, OffsetArrays.OffsetArray{Float64, 3, Array{Float64, 3}}, Float64, FieldBoundaryConditions{BoundaryCondition{Oceananigans.BoundaryConditions.Periodic, Nothing}, BoundaryCondition{Oceananigans.BoundaryConditions.Periodic, Nothing}, Nothing, Nothing, BoundaryCondition{Oceananigans.BoundaryConditions.Flux, Nothing}, BoundaryCondition{Oceananigans.BoundaryConditions.Flux, Nothing}, BoundaryCondition{Oceananigans.BoundaryConditions.Flux, Nothing}}, Nothing, Oceananigans.Fields.FieldBoundaryBuffers{Nothing, Nothing, Nothing, Nothing}}}}, NamedTuple{(), Tuple{}}, Nothing, Oceananigans.Forcings.DiscreteForcing{NTuple{7, Float64}, typeof(P_forcing)}, Clock{Float64}})
       @ Oceananigans.Models.NonhydrostaticModels [./](https://vscode-remote+ssh-002dremote-002b10-002e92-002e255-002e2.vscode-resource.vscode-cdn.net/home/zhengwei/scratch/Project_ESM/)none:0
     [7] __thread_run(tid::Int64, len::Int64, rem::Int64, obj::KernelAbstractions.Kernel{KernelAbstractions.CPU, KernelAbstractions.NDIteration.StaticSize{(64, 1)}, KernelAbstractions.NDIteration.StaticSize{(64, 1, 64)}, typeof(Oceananigans.Models.NonhydrostaticModels.cpu_calculate_Gc!)}, ndrange::Nothing, iterspace::KernelAbstractions.NDIteration.NDRange{3, KernelAbstractions.NDIteration.StaticSize{(1, 1, 64)}, KernelAbstractions.NDIteration.StaticSize{(64, 1, 1)}, Nothing, Nothing}, args::Tuple{Field{Center, Center, Center, Nothing, RectilinearGrid{Float64, Periodic, Flat, Bounded, Float64, Float64, Float64, OffsetArrays.OffsetVector{Float64, StepRangeLen{Float64, Base.TwicePrecision{Float64}, Base.TwicePrecision{Float64}, Int64}}, StepRangeLen{Float64, Base.TwicePrecision{Float64}, Base.TwicePrecision{Float64}, Int64}, OffsetArrays.OffsetVector{Float64, StepRangeLen{Float64, Base.TwicePrecision{Float64}, Base.TwicePrecision{Float64}, Int64}}, CPU}, Tuple{Colon, Colon, Colon}, OffsetArrays.OffsetArray{Float64, 3, Array{Float64, 3}}, Float64, FieldBoundaryConditions{BoundaryCondition{Oceananigans.BoundaryConditions.Periodic, Nothing}, BoundaryCondition{Oceananigans.BoundaryConditions.Periodic, Nothing}, Nothing, Nothing, BoundaryCondition{Oceananigans.BoundaryConditions.Flux, Nothing}, BoundaryCondition{Oceananigans.BoundaryConditions.Flux, Nothing}, BoundaryCondition{Oceananigans.BoundaryConditions.Flux, Nothing}}, Nothing, Oceananigans.Fields.FieldBoundaryBuffers{Nothing, Nothing, Nothing, Nothing}}, RectilinearGrid{Float64, Periodic, Flat, Bounded, Float64, Float64, Float64, OffsetArrays.OffsetVector{Float64, StepRangeLen{Float64, Base.TwicePrecision{Float64}, Base.TwicePrecision{Float64}, Int64}}, StepRangeLen{Float64, Base.TwicePrecision{Float64}, Base.TwicePrecision{Float64}, Int64}, OffsetArrays.OffsetVector{Float64, StepRangeLen{Float64, Base.TwicePrecision{Float64}, Base.TwicePrecision{Float64}, Int64}}, CPU}, Tuple{Val{2}, Val{:P}, UpwindBiased{3, Float64, Nothing, Nothing, Nothing, UpwindBiased{2, Float64, Nothing, Nothing, Nothing, UpwindBiased{1, Float64, Nothing, Nothing, Nothing, Nothing, Centered{1, Float64, Nothing, Nothing, Nothing, Nothing}}, Centered{1, Float64, Nothing, Nothing, Nothing, Nothing}}, Centered{2, Float64, Nothing, Nothing, Nothing, Centered{1, Float64, Nothing, Nothing, Nothing, Nothing}}}, ScalarDiffusivity{Oceananigans.TurbulenceClosures.ExplicitTimeDiscretization, Oceananigans.TurbulenceClosures.ThreeDimensionalFormulation, Float64, NamedTuple{(:b, :P, :N, :Z), NTuple{4, Float64}}}, BoundaryCondition{Oceananigans.BoundaryConditions.Flux, Nothing}, Nothing, Nothing, NamedTuple{(:velocities, :tracers), Tuple{NamedTuple{(:u, :v, :w), Tuple{Oceananigans.Fields.ZeroField{Int64, 3}, Oceananigans.Fields.ZeroField{Int64, 3}, Oceananigans.Fields.ZeroField{Int64, 3}}}, NamedTuple{(:b, :P, :N, :Z), NTuple{4, Oceananigans.Fields.ZeroField{Int64, 3}}}}}, NamedTuple{(:u, :v, :w), Tuple{Field{Face, Center, Center, Nothing, RectilinearGrid{Float64, Periodic, Flat, Bounded, Float64, Float64, Float64, OffsetArrays.OffsetVector{Float64, StepRangeLen{Float64, Base.TwicePrecision{Float64}, Base.TwicePrecision{Float64}, Int64}}, StepRangeLen{Float64, Base.TwicePrecision{Float64}, Base.TwicePrecision{Float64}, Int64}, OffsetArrays.OffsetVector{Float64, StepRangeLen{Float64, Base.TwicePrecision{Float64}, Base.TwicePrecision{Float64}, Int64}}, CPU}, Tuple{Colon, Colon, Colon}, OffsetArrays.OffsetArray{Float64, 3, Array{Float64, 3}}, Float64, FieldBoundaryConditions{BoundaryCondition{Oceananigans.BoundaryConditions.Periodic, Nothing}, BoundaryCondition{Oceananigans.BoundaryConditions.Periodic, Nothing}, Nothing, Nothing, BoundaryCondition{Oceananigans.BoundaryConditions.Flux, Nothing}, BoundaryCondition{Oceananigans.BoundaryConditions.Flux, Nothing}, BoundaryCondition{Oceananigans.BoundaryConditions.Flux, Nothing}}, Nothing, Oceananigans.Fields.FieldBoundaryBuffers{Nothing, Nothing, Nothing, Nothing}}, Field{Center, Face, Center, Nothing, RectilinearGrid{Float64, Periodic, Flat, Bounded, Float64, Float64, Float64, OffsetArrays.OffsetVector{Float64, StepRangeLen{Float64, Base.TwicePrecision{Float64}, Base.TwicePrecision{Float64}, Int64}}, StepRangeLen{Float64, Base.TwicePrecision{Float64}, Base.TwicePrecision{Float64}, Int64}, OffsetArrays.OffsetVector{Float64, StepRangeLen{Float64, Base.TwicePrecision{Float64}, Base.TwicePrecision{Float64}, Int64}}, CPU}, Tuple{Colon, Colon, Colon}, OffsetArrays.OffsetArray{Float64, 3, Array{Float64, 3}}, Float64, FieldBoundaryConditions{BoundaryCondition{Oceananigans.BoundaryConditions.Periodic, Nothing}, BoundaryCondition{Oceananigans.BoundaryConditions.Periodic, Nothing}, Nothing, Nothing, BoundaryCondition{Oceananigans.BoundaryConditions.Flux, Nothing}, BoundaryCondition{Oceananigans.BoundaryConditions.Flux, Nothing}, BoundaryCondition{Oceananigans.BoundaryConditions.Flux, Nothing}}, Nothing, Oceananigans.Fields.FieldBoundaryBuffers{Nothing, Nothing, Nothing, Nothing}}, Field{Center, Center, Face, Nothing, RectilinearGrid{Float64, Periodic, Flat, Bounded, Float64, Float64, Float64, OffsetArrays.OffsetVector{Float64, StepRangeLen{Float64, Base.TwicePrecision{Float64}, Base.TwicePrecision{Float64}, Int64}}, StepRangeLen{Float64, Base.TwicePrecision{Float64}, Base.TwicePrecision{Float64}, Int64}, OffsetArrays.OffsetVector{Float64, StepRangeLen{Float64, Base.TwicePrecision{Float64}, Base.TwicePrecision{Float64}, Int64}}, CPU}, Tuple{Colon, Colon, Colon}, OffsetArrays.OffsetArray{Float64, 3, Array{Float64, 3}}, Float64, FieldBoundaryConditions{BoundaryCondition{Oceananigans.BoundaryConditions.Periodic, Nothing}, BoundaryCondition{Oceananigans.BoundaryConditions.Periodic, Nothing}, Nothing, Nothing, BoundaryCondition{Oceananigans.BoundaryConditions.Open, Nothing}, BoundaryCondition{Oceananigans.BoundaryConditions.Open, Nothing}, BoundaryCondition{Oceananigans.BoundaryConditions.Flux, Nothing}}, Nothing, Oceananigans.Fields.FieldBoundaryBuffers{Nothing, Nothing, Nothing, Nothing}}}}, NamedTuple{(:b, :P, :N, :Z), NTuple{4, Field{Center, Center, Center, Nothing, RectilinearGrid{Float64, Periodic, Flat, Bounded, Float64, Float64, Float64, OffsetArrays.OffsetVector{Float64, StepRangeLen{Float64, Base.TwicePrecision{Float64}, Base.TwicePrecision{Float64}, Int64}}, StepRangeLen{Float64, Base.TwicePrecision{Float64}, Base.TwicePrecision{Float64}, Int64}, OffsetArrays.OffsetVector{Float64, StepRangeLen{Float64, Base.TwicePrecision{Float64}, Base.TwicePrecision{Float64}, Int64}}, CPU}, Tuple{Colon, Colon, Colon}, OffsetArrays.OffsetArray{Float64, 3, Array{Float64, 3}}, Float64, FieldBoundaryConditions{BoundaryCondition{Oceananigans.BoundaryConditions.Periodic, Nothing}, BoundaryCondition{Oceananigans.BoundaryConditions.Periodic, Nothing}, Nothing, Nothing, BoundaryCondition{Oceananigans.BoundaryConditions.Flux, Nothing}, BoundaryCondition{Oceananigans.BoundaryConditions.Flux, Nothing}, BoundaryCondition{Oceananigans.BoundaryConditions.Flux, Nothing}}, Nothing, Oceananigans.Fields.FieldBoundaryBuffers{Nothing, Nothing, Nothing, Nothing}}}}, NamedTuple{(), Tuple{}}, Nothing, Oceananigans.Forcings.DiscreteForcing{NTuple{7, Float64}, typeof(P_forcing)}, Clock{Float64}}}, dynamic::KernelAbstractions.NDIteration.NoDynamicCheck)
       @ KernelAbstractions [~/.julia/packages/KernelAbstractions/C8flJ/src/](https://vscode-remote+ssh-002dremote-002b10-002e92-002e255-002e2.vscode-resource.vscode-cdn.net/home/zhengwei/scratch/Project_ESM/~/.julia/packages/KernelAbstractions/C8flJ/src/)cpu.jl:157
     [8] __run(obj::KernelAbstractions.Kernel{KernelAbstractions.CPU, KernelAbstractions.NDIteration.StaticSize{(64, 1)}, KernelAbstractions.NDIteration.StaticSize{(64, 1, 64)}, typeof(Oceananigans.Models.NonhydrostaticModels.cpu_calculate_Gc!)}, ndrange::Nothing, iterspace::KernelAbstractions.NDIteration.NDRange{3, KernelAbstractions.NDIteration.StaticSize{(1, 1, 64)}, KernelAbstractions.NDIteration.StaticSize{(64, 1, 1)}, Nothing, Nothing}, args::Tuple{Field{Center, Center, Center, Nothing, RectilinearGrid{Float64, Periodic, Flat, Bounded, Float64, Float64, Float64, OffsetArrays.OffsetVector{Float64, StepRangeLen{Float64, Base.TwicePrecision{Float64}, Base.TwicePrecision{Float64}, Int64}}, StepRangeLen{Float64, Base.TwicePrecision{Float64}, Base.TwicePrecision{Float64}, Int64}, OffsetArrays.OffsetVector{Float64, StepRangeLen{Float64, Base.TwicePrecision{Float64}, Base.TwicePrecision{Float64}, Int64}}, CPU}, Tuple{Colon, Colon, Colon}, OffsetArrays.OffsetArray{Float64, 3, Array{Float64, 3}}, Float64, FieldBoundaryConditions{BoundaryCondition{Oceananigans.BoundaryConditions.Periodic, Nothing}, BoundaryCondition{Oceananigans.BoundaryConditions.Periodic, Nothing}, Nothing, Nothing, BoundaryCondition{Oceananigans.BoundaryConditions.Flux, Nothing}, BoundaryCondition{Oceananigans.BoundaryConditions.Flux, Nothing}, BoundaryCondition{Oceananigans.BoundaryConditions.Flux, Nothing}}, Nothing, Oceananigans.Fields.FieldBoundaryBuffers{Nothing, Nothing, Nothing, Nothing}}, RectilinearGrid{Float64, Periodic, Flat, Bounded, Float64, Float64, Float64, OffsetArrays.OffsetVector{Float64, StepRangeLen{Float64, Base.TwicePrecision{Float64}, Base.TwicePrecision{Float64}, Int64}}, StepRangeLen{Float64, Base.TwicePrecision{Float64}, Base.TwicePrecision{Float64}, Int64}, OffsetArrays.OffsetVector{Float64, StepRangeLen{Float64, Base.TwicePrecision{Float64}, Base.TwicePrecision{Float64}, Int64}}, CPU}, Tuple{Val{2}, Val{:P}, UpwindBiased{3, Float64, Nothing, Nothing, Nothing, UpwindBiased{2, Float64, Nothing, Nothing, Nothing, UpwindBiased{1, Float64, Nothing, Nothing, Nothing, Nothing, Centered{1, Float64, Nothing, Nothing, Nothing, Nothing}}, Centered{1, Float64, Nothing, Nothing, Nothing, Nothing}}, Centered{2, Float64, Nothing, Nothing, Nothing, Centered{1, Float64, Nothing, Nothing, Nothing, Nothing}}}, ScalarDiffusivity{Oceananigans.TurbulenceClosures.ExplicitTimeDiscretization, Oceananigans.TurbulenceClosures.ThreeDimensionalFormulation, Float64, NamedTuple{(:b, :P, :N, :Z), NTuple{4, Float64}}}, BoundaryCondition{Oceananigans.BoundaryConditions.Flux, Nothing}, Nothing, Nothing, NamedTuple{(:velocities, :tracers), Tuple{NamedTuple{(:u, :v, :w), Tuple{Oceananigans.Fields.ZeroField{Int64, 3}, Oceananigans.Fields.ZeroField{Int64, 3}, Oceananigans.Fields.ZeroField{Int64, 3}}}, NamedTuple{(:b, :P, :N, :Z), NTuple{4, Oceananigans.Fields.ZeroField{Int64, 3}}}}}, NamedTuple{(:u, :v, :w), Tuple{Field{Face, Center, Center, Nothing, RectilinearGrid{Float64, Periodic, Flat, Bounded, Float64, Float64, Float64, OffsetArrays.OffsetVector{Float64, StepRangeLen{Float64, Base.TwicePrecision{Float64}, Base.TwicePrecision{Float64}, Int64}}, StepRangeLen{Float64, Base.TwicePrecision{Float64}, Base.TwicePrecision{Float64}, Int64}, OffsetArrays.OffsetVector{Float64, StepRangeLen{Float64, Base.TwicePrecision{Float64}, Base.TwicePrecision{Float64}, Int64}}, CPU}, Tuple{Colon, Colon, Colon}, OffsetArrays.OffsetArray{Float64, 3, Array{Float64, 3}}, Float64, FieldBoundaryConditions{BoundaryCondition{Oceananigans.BoundaryConditions.Periodic, Nothing}, BoundaryCondition{Oceananigans.BoundaryConditions.Periodic, Nothing}, Nothing, Nothing, BoundaryCondition{Oceananigans.BoundaryConditions.Flux, Nothing}, BoundaryCondition{Oceananigans.BoundaryConditions.Flux, Nothing}, BoundaryCondition{Oceananigans.BoundaryConditions.Flux, Nothing}}, Nothing, Oceananigans.Fields.FieldBoundaryBuffers{Nothing, Nothing, Nothing, Nothing}}, Field{Center, Face, Center, Nothing, RectilinearGrid{Float64, Periodic, Flat, Bounded, Float64, Float64, Float64, OffsetArrays.OffsetVector{Float64, StepRangeLen{Float64, Base.TwicePrecision{Float64}, Base.TwicePrecision{Float64}, Int64}}, StepRangeLen{Float64, Base.TwicePrecision{Float64}, Base.TwicePrecision{Float64}, Int64}, OffsetArrays.OffsetVector{Float64, StepRangeLen{Float64, Base.TwicePrecision{Float64}, Base.TwicePrecision{Float64}, Int64}}, CPU}, Tuple{Colon, Colon, Colon}, OffsetArrays.OffsetArray{Float64, 3, Array{Float64, 3}}, Float64, FieldBoundaryConditions{BoundaryCondition{Oceananigans.BoundaryConditions.Periodic, Nothing}, BoundaryCondition{Oceananigans.BoundaryConditions.Periodic, Nothing}, Nothing, Nothing, BoundaryCondition{Oceananigans.BoundaryConditions.Flux, Nothing}, BoundaryCondition{Oceananigans.BoundaryConditions.Flux, Nothing}, BoundaryCondition{Oceananigans.BoundaryConditions.Flux, Nothing}}, Nothing, Oceananigans.Fields.FieldBoundaryBuffers{Nothing, Nothing, Nothing, Nothing}}, Field{Center, Center, Face, Nothing, RectilinearGrid{Float64, Periodic, Flat, Bounded, Float64, Float64, Float64, OffsetArrays.OffsetVector{Float64, StepRangeLen{Float64, Base.TwicePrecision{Float64}, Base.TwicePrecision{Float64}, Int64}}, StepRangeLen{Float64, Base.TwicePrecision{Float64}, Base.TwicePrecision{Float64}, Int64}, OffsetArrays.OffsetVector{Float64, StepRangeLen{Float64, Base.TwicePrecision{Float64}, Base.TwicePrecision{Float64}, Int64}}, CPU}, Tuple{Colon, Colon, Colon}, OffsetArrays.OffsetArray{Float64, 3, Array{Float64, 3}}, Float64, FieldBoundaryConditions{BoundaryCondition{Oceananigans.BoundaryConditions.Periodic, Nothing}, BoundaryCondition{Oceananigans.BoundaryConditions.Periodic, Nothing}, Nothing, Nothing, BoundaryCondition{Oceananigans.BoundaryConditions.Open, Nothing}, BoundaryCondition{Oceananigans.BoundaryConditions.Open, Nothing}, BoundaryCondition{Oceananigans.BoundaryConditions.Flux, Nothing}}, Nothing, Oceananigans.Fields.FieldBoundaryBuffers{Nothing, Nothing, Nothing, Nothing}}}}, NamedTuple{(:b, :P, :N, :Z), NTuple{4, Field{Center, Center, Center, Nothing, RectilinearGrid{Float64, Periodic, Flat, Bounded, Float64, Float64, Float64, OffsetArrays.OffsetVector{Float64, StepRangeLen{Float64, Base.TwicePrecision{Float64}, Base.TwicePrecision{Float64}, Int64}}, StepRangeLen{Float64, Base.TwicePrecision{Float64}, Base.TwicePrecision{Float64}, Int64}, OffsetArrays.OffsetVector{Float64, StepRangeLen{Float64, Base.TwicePrecision{Float64}, Base.TwicePrecision{Float64}, Int64}}, CPU}, Tuple{Colon, Colon, Colon}, OffsetArrays.OffsetArray{Float64, 3, Array{Float64, 3}}, Float64, FieldBoundaryConditions{BoundaryCondition{Oceananigans.BoundaryConditions.Periodic, Nothing}, BoundaryCondition{Oceananigans.BoundaryConditions.Periodic, Nothing}, Nothing, Nothing, BoundaryCondition{Oceananigans.BoundaryConditions.Flux, Nothing}, BoundaryCondition{Oceananigans.BoundaryConditions.Flux, Nothing}, BoundaryCondition{Oceananigans.BoundaryConditions.Flux, Nothing}}, Nothing, Oceananigans.Fields.FieldBoundaryBuffers{Nothing, Nothing, Nothing, Nothing}}}}, NamedTuple{(), Tuple{}}, Nothing, Oceananigans.Forcings.DiscreteForcing{NTuple{7, Float64}, typeof(P_forcing)}, Clock{Float64}}}, dynamic::KernelAbstractions.NDIteration.NoDynamicCheck)
       @ KernelAbstractions [~/.julia/packages/KernelAbstractions/C8flJ/src/](https://vscode-remote+ssh-002dremote-002b10-002e92-002e255-002e2.vscode-resource.vscode-cdn.net/home/zhengwei/scratch/Project_ESM/~/.julia/packages/KernelAbstractions/C8flJ/src/)cpu.jl:130
     [9] (::KernelAbstractions.var"#19#20"{Tuple{KernelAbstractions.NoneEvent}, Nothing, typeof(KernelAbstractions.__run), Tuple{KernelAbstractions.Kernel{KernelAbstractions.CPU, KernelAbstractions.NDIteration.StaticSize{(64, 1)}, KernelAbstractions.NDIteration.StaticSize{(64, 1, 64)}, typeof(Oceananigans.Models.NonhydrostaticModels.cpu_calculate_Gc!)}, Nothing, KernelAbstractions.NDIteration.NDRange{3, KernelAbstractions.NDIteration.StaticSize{(1, 1, 64)}, KernelAbstractions.NDIteration.StaticSize{(64, 1, 1)}, Nothing, Nothing}, Tuple{Field{Center, Center, Center, Nothing, RectilinearGrid{Float64, Periodic, Flat, Bounded, Float64, Float64, Float64, OffsetArrays.OffsetVector{Float64, StepRangeLen{Float64, Base.TwicePrecision{Float64}, Base.TwicePrecision{Float64}, Int64}}, StepRangeLen{Float64, Base.TwicePrecision{Float64}, Base.TwicePrecision{Float64}, Int64}, OffsetArrays.OffsetVector{Float64, StepRangeLen{Float64, Base.TwicePrecision{Float64}, Base.TwicePrecision{Float64}, Int64}}, CPU}, Tuple{Colon, Colon, Colon}, OffsetArrays.OffsetArray{Float64, 3, Array{Float64, 3}}, Float64, FieldBoundaryConditions{BoundaryCondition{Oceananigans.BoundaryConditions.Periodic, Nothing}, BoundaryCondition{Oceananigans.BoundaryConditions.Periodic, Nothing}, Nothing, Nothing, BoundaryCondition{Oceananigans.BoundaryConditions.Flux, Nothing}, BoundaryCondition{Oceananigans.BoundaryConditions.Flux, Nothing}, BoundaryCondition{Oceananigans.BoundaryConditions.Flux, Nothing}}, Nothing, Oceananigans.Fields.FieldBoundaryBuffers{Nothing, Nothing, Nothing, Nothing}}, RectilinearGrid{Float64, Periodic, Flat, Bounded, Float64, Float64, Float64, OffsetArrays.OffsetVector{Float64, StepRangeLen{Float64, Base.TwicePrecision{Float64}, Base.TwicePrecision{Float64}, Int64}}, StepRangeLen{Float64, Base.TwicePrecision{Float64}, Base.TwicePrecision{Float64}, Int64}, OffsetArrays.OffsetVector{Float64, StepRangeLen{Float64, Base.TwicePrecision{Float64}, Base.TwicePrecision{Float64}, Int64}}, CPU}, Tuple{Val{2}, Val{:P}, UpwindBiased{3, Float64, Nothing, Nothing, Nothing, UpwindBiased{2, Float64, Nothing, Nothing, Nothing, UpwindBiased{1, Float64, Nothing, Nothing, Nothing, Nothing, Centered{1, Float64, Nothing, Nothing, Nothing, Nothing}}, Centered{1, Float64, Nothing, Nothing, Nothing, Nothing}}, Centered{2, Float64, Nothing, Nothing, Nothing, Centered{1, Float64, Nothing, Nothing, Nothing, Nothing}}}, ScalarDiffusivity{Oceananigans.TurbulenceClosures.ExplicitTimeDiscretization, Oceananigans.TurbulenceClosures.ThreeDimensionalFormulation, Float64, NamedTuple{(:b, :P, :N, :Z), NTuple{4, Float64}}}, BoundaryCondition{Oceananigans.BoundaryConditions.Flux, Nothing}, Nothing, Nothing, NamedTuple{(:velocities, :tracers), Tuple{NamedTuple{(:u, :v, :w), Tuple{Oceananigans.Fields.ZeroField{Int64, 3}, Oceananigans.Fields.ZeroField{Int64, 3}, Oceananigans.Fields.ZeroField{Int64, 3}}}, NamedTuple{(:b, :P, :N, :Z), NTuple{4, Oceananigans.Fields.ZeroField{Int64, 3}}}}}, NamedTuple{(:u, :v, :w), Tuple{Field{Face, Center, Center, Nothing, RectilinearGrid{Float64, Periodic, Flat, Bounded, Float64, Float64, Float64, OffsetArrays.OffsetVector{Float64, StepRangeLen{Float64, Base.TwicePrecision{Float64}, Base.TwicePrecision{Float64}, Int64}}, StepRangeLen{Float64, Base.TwicePrecision{Float64}, Base.TwicePrecision{Float64}, Int64}, OffsetArrays.OffsetVector{Float64, StepRangeLen{Float64, Base.TwicePrecision{Float64}, Base.TwicePrecision{Float64}, Int64}}, CPU}, Tuple{Colon, Colon, Colon}, OffsetArrays.OffsetArray{Float64, 3, Array{Float64, 3}}, Float64, FieldBoundaryConditions{BoundaryCondition{Oceananigans.BoundaryConditions.Periodic, Nothing}, BoundaryCondition{Oceananigans.BoundaryConditions.Periodic, Nothing}, Nothing, Nothing, BoundaryCondition{Oceananigans.BoundaryConditions.Flux, Nothing}, BoundaryCondition{Oceananigans.BoundaryConditions.Flux, Nothing}, BoundaryCondition{Oceananigans.BoundaryConditions.Flux, Nothing}}, Nothing, Oceananigans.Fields.FieldBoundaryBuffers{Nothing, Nothing, Nothing, Nothing}}, Field{Center, Face, Center, Nothing, RectilinearGrid{Float64, Periodic, Flat, Bounded, Float64, Float64, Float64, OffsetArrays.OffsetVector{Float64, StepRangeLen{Float64, Base.TwicePrecision{Float64}, Base.TwicePrecision{Float64}, Int64}}, StepRangeLen{Float64, Base.TwicePrecision{Float64}, Base.TwicePrecision{Float64}, Int64}, OffsetArrays.OffsetVector{Float64, StepRangeLen{Float64, Base.TwicePrecision{Float64}, Base.TwicePrecision{Float64}, Int64}}, CPU}, Tuple{Colon, Colon, Colon}, OffsetArrays.OffsetArray{Float64, 3, Array{Float64, 3}}, Float64, FieldBoundaryConditions{BoundaryCondition{Oceananigans.BoundaryConditions.Periodic, Nothing}, BoundaryCondition{Oceananigans.BoundaryConditions.Periodic, Nothing}, Nothing, Nothing, BoundaryCondition{Oceananigans.BoundaryConditions.Flux, Nothing}, BoundaryCondition{Oceananigans.BoundaryConditions.Flux, Nothing}, BoundaryCondition{Oceananigans.BoundaryConditions.Flux, Nothing}}, Nothing, Oceananigans.Fields.FieldBoundaryBuffers{Nothing, Nothing, Nothing, Nothing}}, Field{Center, Center, Face, Nothing, RectilinearGrid{Float64, Periodic, Flat, Bounded, Float64, Float64, Float64, OffsetArrays.OffsetVector{Float64, StepRangeLen{Float64, Base.TwicePrecision{Float64}, Base.TwicePrecision{Float64}, Int64}}, StepRangeLen{Float64, Base.TwicePrecision{Float64}, Base.TwicePrecision{Float64}, Int64}, OffsetArrays.OffsetVector{Float64, StepRangeLen{Float64, Base.TwicePrecision{Float64}, Base.TwicePrecision{Float64}, Int64}}, CPU}, Tuple{Colon, Colon, Colon}, OffsetArrays.OffsetArray{Float64, 3, Array{Float64, 3}}, Float64, FieldBoundaryConditions{BoundaryCondition{Oceananigans.BoundaryConditions.Periodic, Nothing}, BoundaryCondition{Oceananigans.BoundaryConditions.Periodic, Nothing}, Nothing, Nothing, BoundaryCondition{Oceananigans.BoundaryConditions.Open, Nothing}, BoundaryCondition{Oceananigans.BoundaryConditions.Open, Nothing}, BoundaryCondition{Oceananigans.BoundaryConditions.Flux, Nothing}}, Nothing, Oceananigans.Fields.FieldBoundaryBuffers{Nothing, Nothing, Nothing, Nothing}}}}, NamedTuple{(:b, :P, :N, :Z), NTuple{4, Field{Center, Center, Center, Nothing, RectilinearGrid{Float64, Periodic, Flat, Bounded, Float64, Float64, Float64, OffsetArrays.OffsetVector{Float64, StepRangeLen{Float64, Base.TwicePrecision{Float64}, Base.TwicePrecision{Float64}, Int64}}, StepRangeLen{Float64, Base.TwicePrecision{Float64}, Base.TwicePrecision{Float64}, Int64}, OffsetArrays.OffsetVector{Float64, StepRangeLen{Float64, Base.TwicePrecision{Float64}, Base.TwicePrecision{Float64}, Int64}}, CPU}, Tuple{Colon, Colon, Colon}, OffsetArrays.OffsetArray{Float64, 3, Array{Float64, 3}}, Float64, FieldBoundaryConditions{BoundaryCondition{Oceananigans.BoundaryConditions.Periodic, Nothing}, BoundaryCondition{Oceananigans.BoundaryConditions.Periodic, Nothing}, Nothing, Nothing, BoundaryCondition{Oceananigans.BoundaryConditions.Flux, Nothing}, BoundaryCondition{Oceananigans.BoundaryConditions.Flux, Nothing}, BoundaryCondition{Oceananigans.BoundaryConditions.Flux, Nothing}}, Nothing, Oceananigans.Fields.FieldBoundaryBuffers{Nothing, Nothing, Nothing, Nothing}}}}, NamedTuple{(), Tuple{}}, Nothing, Oceananigans.Forcings.DiscreteForcing{NTuple{7, Float64}, typeof(P_forcing)}, Clock{Float64}}}, KernelAbstractions.NDIteration.NoDynamicCheck}})()
       @ KernelAbstractions [~/.julia/packages/KernelAbstractions/C8flJ/src/](https://vscode-remote+ssh-002dremote-002b10-002e92-002e255-002e2.vscode-resource.vscode-cdn.net/home/zhengwei/scratch/Project_ESM/~/.julia/packages/KernelAbstractions/C8flJ/src/)cpu.jl:22

...and 2 more exceptions.
...
    @ Oceananigans.Simulations [~/.julia/packages/Oceananigans/KTw3g/src/Simulations/run.jl:99](https://vscode-remote+ssh-002dremote-002b10-002e92-002e255-002e2.vscode-resource.vscode-cdn.net/home/zhengwei/scratch/Project_ESM/~/.julia/packages/Oceananigans/KTw3g/src/Simulations/run.jl:99)
  [9] run!(sim::Simulation{NonhydrostaticModel{Oceananigans.TimeSteppers.RungeKutta3TimeStepper{Float64, NamedTuple{(:u, :v, :w, :b, :P, :N, :Z), Tuple{Field{Face, Center, Center, Nothing, RectilinearGrid{Float64, Periodic, Flat, Bounded, Float64, Float64, Float64, OffsetArrays.OffsetVector{Float64, StepRangeLen{Float64, Base.TwicePrecision{Float64}, Base.TwicePrecision{Float64}, Int64}}, StepRangeLen{Float64, Base.TwicePrecision{Float64}, Base.TwicePrecision{Float64}, Int64}, OffsetArrays.OffsetVector{Float64, StepRangeLen{Float64, Base.TwicePrecision{Float64}, Base.TwicePrecision{Float64}, Int64}}, CPU}, Tuple{Colon, Colon, Colon}, OffsetArrays.OffsetArray{Float64, 3, Array{Float64, 3}}, Float64, FieldBoundaryConditions{BoundaryCondition{Oceananigans.BoundaryConditions.Periodic, Nothing}, BoundaryCondition{Oceananigans.BoundaryConditions.Periodic, Nothing}, Nothing, Nothing, BoundaryCondition{Oceananigans.BoundaryConditions.Flux, Nothing}, BoundaryCondition{Oceananigans.BoundaryConditions.Flux, Nothing}, BoundaryCondition{Oceananigans.BoundaryConditions.Flux, Nothing}}, Nothing, Oceananigans.Fields.FieldBoundaryBuffers{Nothing, Nothing, Nothing, Nothing}}, Field{Center, Face, Center, Nothing, RectilinearGrid{Float64, Periodic, Flat, Bounded, Float64, Float64, Float64, OffsetArrays.OffsetVector{Float64, StepRangeLen{Float64, Base.TwicePrecision{Float64}, Base.TwicePrecision{Float64}, Int64}}, StepRangeLen{Float64, Base.TwicePrecision{Float64}, Base.TwicePrecision{Float64}, Int64}, OffsetArrays.OffsetVector{Float64, StepRangeLen{Float64, Base.TwicePrecision{Float64}, Base.TwicePrecision{Float64}, Int64}}, CPU}, Tuple{Colon, Colon, Colon}, OffsetArrays.OffsetArray{Float64, 3, Array{Float64, 3}}, Float64, FieldBoundaryConditions{BoundaryCondition{Oceananigans.BoundaryConditions.Periodic, Nothing}, BoundaryCondition{Oceananigans.BoundaryConditions.Periodic, Nothing}, Nothing, Nothing, BoundaryCondition{Oceananigans.BoundaryConditions.Flux, Nothing}, BoundaryCondition{Oceananigans.BoundaryConditions.Flux, Nothing}, BoundaryCondition{Oceananigans.BoundaryConditions.Flux, Nothing}}, Nothing, Oceananigans.Fields.FieldBoundaryBuffers{Nothing, Nothing, Nothing, Nothing}}, Field{Center, Center, Face, Nothing, RectilinearGrid{Float64, Periodic, Flat, Bounded, Float64, Float64, Float64, OffsetArrays.OffsetVector{Float64, StepRangeLen{Float64, Base.TwicePrecision{Float64}, Base.TwicePrecision{Float64}, Int64}}, StepRangeLen{Float64, Base.TwicePrecision{Float64}, Base.TwicePrecision{Float64}, Int64}, OffsetArrays.OffsetVector{Float64, StepRangeLen{Float64, Base.TwicePrecision{Float64}, Base.TwicePrecision{Float64}, Int64}}, CPU}, Tuple{Colon, Colon, Colon}, OffsetArrays.OffsetArray{Float64, 3, Array{Float64, 3}}, Float64, FieldBoundaryConditions{BoundaryCondition{Oceananigans.BoundaryConditions.Periodic, Nothing}, BoundaryCondition{Oceananigans.BoundaryConditions.Periodic, Nothing}, Nothing, Nothing, Nothing, Nothing, BoundaryCondition{Oceananigans.BoundaryConditions.Flux, Nothing}}, Nothing, Oceananigans.Fields.FieldBoundaryBuffers{Nothing, Nothing, Nothing, Nothing}}, Field{Center, Center, Center, Nothing, RectilinearGrid{Float64, Periodic, Flat, Bounded, Float64, Float64, Float64, OffsetArrays.OffsetVector{Float64, StepRangeLen{Float64, Base.TwicePrecision{Float64}, Base.TwicePrecision{Float64}, Int64}}, StepRangeLen{Float64, Base.TwicePrecision{Float64}, Base.TwicePrecision{Float64}, Int64}, OffsetArrays.OffsetVector{Float64, StepRangeLen{Float64, Base.TwicePrecision{Float64}, Base.TwicePrecision{Float64}, Int64}}, CPU}, Tuple{Colon, Colon, Colon}, OffsetArrays.OffsetArray{Float64, 3, Array{Float64, 3}}, Float64, FieldBoundaryConditions{BoundaryCondition{Oceananigans.BoundaryConditions.Periodic, Nothing}, BoundaryCondition{Oceananigans.BoundaryConditions.Periodic, Nothing}, Nothing, Nothing, BoundaryCondition{Oceananigans.BoundaryConditions.Flux, Nothing}, BoundaryCondition{Oceananigans.BoundaryConditions.Flux, Nothing}, BoundaryCondition{Oceananigans.BoundaryConditions.Flux, Nothing}}, Nothing, Oceananigans.Fields.FieldBoundaryBuffers{Nothing, Nothing, Nothing, Nothing}}, Field{Center, Center, Center, Nothing, RectilinearGrid{Float64, Periodic, Flat, Bounded, Float64, Float64, Float64, OffsetArrays.OffsetVector{Float64, StepRangeLen{Float64, Base.TwicePrecision{Float64}, Base.TwicePrecision{Float64}, Int64}}, StepRangeLen{Float64, Base.TwicePrecision{Float64}, Base.TwicePrecision{Float64}, Int64}, OffsetArrays.OffsetVector{Float64, StepRangeLen{Float64, Base.TwicePrecision{Float64}, Base.TwicePrecision{Float64}, Int64}}, CPU}, Tuple{Colon, Colon, Colon}, OffsetArrays.OffsetArray{Float64, 3, Array{Float64, 3}}, Float64, FieldBoundaryConditions{BoundaryCondition{Oceananigans.BoundaryConditions.Periodic, Nothing}, BoundaryCondition{Oceananigans.BoundaryConditions.Periodic, Nothing}, Nothing, Nothing, BoundaryCondition{Oceananigans.BoundaryConditions.Flux, Nothing}, BoundaryCondition{Oceananigans.BoundaryConditions.Flux, Nothing}, BoundaryCondition{Oceananigans.BoundaryConditions.Flux, Nothing}}, Nothing, Oceananigans.Fields.FieldBoundaryBuffers{Nothing, Nothing, Nothing, Nothing}}, Field{Center, Center, Center, Nothing, RectilinearGrid{Float64, Periodic, Flat, Bounded, Float64, Float64, Float64, OffsetArrays.OffsetVector{Float64, StepRangeLen{Float64, Base.TwicePrecision{Float64}, Base.TwicePrecision{Float64}, Int64}}, StepRangeLen{Float64, Base.TwicePrecision{Float64}, Base.TwicePrecision{Float64}, Int64}, OffsetArrays.OffsetVector{Float64, StepRangeLen{Float64, Base.TwicePrecision{Float64}, Base.TwicePrecision{Float64}, Int64}}, CPU}, Tuple{Colon, Colon, Colon}, OffsetArrays.OffsetArray{Float64, 3, Array{Float64, 3}}, Float64, FieldBoundaryConditions{BoundaryCondition{Oceananigans.BoundaryConditions.Periodic, Nothing}, BoundaryCondition{Oceananigans.BoundaryConditions.Periodic, Nothing}, Nothing, Nothing, BoundaryCondition{Oceananigans.BoundaryConditions.Flux, Nothing}, BoundaryCondition{Oceananigans.BoundaryConditions.Flux, Nothing}, BoundaryCondition{Oceananigans.BoundaryConditions.Flux, Nothing}}, Nothing, Oceananigans.Fields.FieldBoundaryBuffers{Nothing, Nothing, Nothing, Nothing}}, Field{Center, Center, Center, Nothing, RectilinearGrid{Float64, Periodic, Flat, Bounded, Float64, Float64, Float64, OffsetArrays.OffsetVector{Float64, StepRangeLen{Float64, Base.TwicePrecision{Float64}, Base.TwicePrecision{Float64}, Int64}}, StepRangeLen{Float64, Base.TwicePrecision{Float64}, Base.TwicePrecision{Float64}, Int64}, OffsetArrays.OffsetVector{Float64, StepRangeLen{Float64, Base.TwicePrecision{Float64}, Base.TwicePrecision{Float64}, Int64}}, CPU}, Tuple{Colon, Colon, Colon}, OffsetArrays.OffsetArray{Float64, 3, Array{Float64, 3}}, Float64, FieldBoundaryConditions{BoundaryCondition{Oceananigans.BoundaryConditions.Periodic, Nothing}, BoundaryCondition{Oceananigans.BoundaryConditions.Periodic, Nothing}, Nothing, Nothing, BoundaryCondition{Oceananigans.BoundaryConditions.Flux, Nothing}, BoundaryCondition{Oceananigans.BoundaryConditions.Flux, Nothing}, BoundaryCondition{Oceananigans.BoundaryConditions.Flux, Nothing}}, Nothing, Oceananigans.Fields.FieldBoundaryBuffers{Nothing, Nothing, Nothing, Nothing}}}}, Nothing}, ScalarDiffusivity{Oceananigans.TurbulenceClosures.ExplicitTimeDiscretization, Oceananigans.TurbulenceClosures.ThreeDimensionalFormulation, Float64, NamedTuple{(:b, :P, :N, :Z), NTuple{4, Float64}}}, CPU, RectilinearGrid{Float64, Periodic, Flat, Bounded, Float64, Float64, Float64, OffsetArrays.OffsetVector{Float64, StepRangeLen{Float64, Base.TwicePrecision{Float64}, Base.TwicePrecision{Float64}, Int64}}, StepRangeLen{Float64, Base.TwicePrecision{Float64}, Base.TwicePrecision{Float64}, Int64}, OffsetArrays.OffsetVector{Float64, StepRangeLen{Float64, Base.TwicePrecision{Float64}, Base.TwicePrecision{Float64}, Int64}}, CPU}, Float64, Nothing, FPlane{Float64}, Nothing, NamedTuple{(:u, :v, :w), Tuple{Field{Face, Center, Center, Nothing, RectilinearGrid{Float64, Periodic, Flat, Bounded, Float64, Float64, Float64, OffsetArrays.OffsetVector{Float64, StepRangeLen{Float64, Base.TwicePrecision{Float64}, Base.TwicePrecision{Float64}, Int64}}, StepRangeLen{Float64, Base.TwicePrecision{Float64}, Base.TwicePrecision{Float64}, Int64}, OffsetArrays.OffsetVector{Float64, StepRangeLen{Float64, Base.TwicePrecision{Float64}, Base.TwicePrecision{Float64}, Int64}}, CPU}, Tuple{Colon, Colon, Colon}, OffsetArrays.OffsetArray{Float64, 3, Array{Float64, 3}}, Float64, FieldBoundaryConditions{BoundaryCondition{Oceananigans.BoundaryConditions.Periodic, Nothing}, BoundaryCondition{Oceananigans.BoundaryConditions.Periodic, Nothing}, Nothing, Nothing, BoundaryCondition{Oceananigans.BoundaryConditions.Flux, Nothing}, BoundaryCondition{Oceananigans.BoundaryConditions.Flux, Nothing}, BoundaryCondition{Oceananigans.BoundaryConditions.Flux, Nothing}}, Nothing, Oceananigans.Fields.FieldBoundaryBuffers{Nothing, Nothing, Nothing, Nothing}}, Field{Center, Face, Center, Nothing, RectilinearGrid{Float64, Periodic, Flat, Bounded, Float64, Float64, Float64, OffsetArrays.OffsetVector{Float64, StepRangeLen{Float64, Base.TwicePrecision{Float64}, Base.TwicePrecision{Float64}, Int64}}, StepRangeLen{Float64, Base.TwicePrecision{Float64}, Base.TwicePrecision{Float64}, Int64}, OffsetArrays.OffsetVector{Float64, StepRangeLen{Float64, Base.TwicePrecision{Float64}, Base.TwicePrecision{Float64}, Int64}}, CPU}, Tuple{Colon, Colon, Colon}, OffsetArrays.OffsetArray{Float64, 3, Array{Float64, 3}}, Float64, FieldBoundaryConditions{BoundaryCondition{Oceananigans.BoundaryConditions.Periodic, Nothing}, BoundaryCondition{Oceananigans.BoundaryConditions.Periodic, Nothing}, Nothing, Nothing, BoundaryCondition{Oceananigans.BoundaryConditions.Flux, Nothing}, BoundaryCondition{Oceananigans.BoundaryConditions.Flux, Nothing}, BoundaryCondition{Oceananigans.BoundaryConditions.Flux, Nothing}}, Nothing, Oceananigans.Fields.FieldBoundaryBuffers{Nothing, Nothing, Nothing, Nothing}}, Field{Center, Center, Face, Nothing, RectilinearGrid{Float64, Periodic, Flat, Bounded, Float64, Float64, Float64, OffsetArrays.OffsetVector{Float64, StepRangeLen{Float64, Base.TwicePrecision{Float64}, Base.TwicePrecision{Float64}, Int64}}, StepRangeLen{Float64, Base.TwicePrecision{Float64}, Base.TwicePrecision{Float64}, Int64}, OffsetArrays.OffsetVector{Float64, StepRangeLen{Float64, Base.TwicePrecision{Float64}, Base.TwicePrecision{Float64}, Int64}}, CPU}, Tuple{Colon, Colon, Colon}, OffsetArrays.OffsetArray{Float64, 3, Array{Float64, 3}}, Float64, FieldBoundaryConditions{BoundaryCondition{Oceananigans.BoundaryConditions.Periodic, Nothing}, BoundaryCondition{Oceananigans.BoundaryConditions.Periodic, Nothing}, Nothing, Nothing, BoundaryCondition{Oceananigans.BoundaryConditions.Open, Nothing}, BoundaryCondition{Oceananigans.BoundaryConditions.Open, Nothing}, BoundaryCondition{Oceananigans.BoundaryConditions.Flux, Nothing}}, Nothing, Oceananigans.Fields.FieldBoundaryBuffers{Nothing, Nothing, Nothing, Nothing}}}}, NamedTuple{(:b, :P, :N, :Z), NTuple{4, Field{Center, Center, Center, Nothing, RectilinearGrid{Float64, Periodic, Flat, Bounded, Float64, Float64, Float64, OffsetArrays.OffsetVector{Float64, StepRangeLen{Float64, Base.TwicePrecision{Float64}, Base.TwicePrecision{Float64}, Int64}}, StepRangeLen{Float64, Base.TwicePrecision{Float64}, Base.TwicePrecision{Float64}, Int64}, OffsetArrays.OffsetVector{Float64, StepRangeLen{Float64, Base.TwicePrecision{Float64}, Base.TwicePrecision{Float64}, Int64}}, CPU}, Tuple{Colon, Colon, Colon}, OffsetArrays.OffsetArray{Float64, 3, Array{Float64, 3}}, Float64, FieldBoundaryConditions{BoundaryCondition{Oceananigans.BoundaryConditions.Periodic, Nothing}, BoundaryCondition{Oceananigans.BoundaryConditions.Periodic, Nothing}, Nothing, Nothing, BoundaryCondition{Oceananigans.BoundaryConditions.Flux, Nothing}, BoundaryCondition{Oceananigans.BoundaryConditions.Flux, Nothing}, BoundaryCondition{Oceananigans.BoundaryConditions.Flux, Nothing}}, Nothing, Oceananigans.Fields.FieldBoundaryBuffers{Nothing, Nothing, Nothing, Nothing}}}}, NamedTuple{(:pHY′, :pNHS), Tuple{Field{Center, Center, Center, Nothing, RectilinearGrid{Float64, Periodic, Flat, Bounded, Float64, Float64, Float64, OffsetArrays.OffsetVector{Float64, StepRangeLen{Float64, Base.TwicePrecision{Float64}, Base.TwicePrecision{Float64}, Int64}}, StepRangeLen{Float64, Base.TwicePrecision{Float64}, Base.TwicePrecision{Float64}, Int64}, OffsetArrays.OffsetVector{Float64, StepRangeLen{Float64, Base.TwicePrecision{Float64}, Base.TwicePrecision{Float64}, Int64}}, CPU}, Tuple{Colon, Colon, Colon}, OffsetArrays.OffsetArray{Float64, 3, Array{Float64, 3}}, Float64, FieldBoundaryConditions{BoundaryCondition{Oceananigans.BoundaryConditions.Periodic, Nothing}, BoundaryCondition{Oceananigans.BoundaryConditions.Periodic, Nothing}, Nothing, Nothing, BoundaryCondition{Oceananigans.BoundaryConditions.Flux, Nothing}, BoundaryCondition{Oceananigans.BoundaryConditions.Flux, Nothing}, BoundaryCondition{Oceananigans.BoundaryConditions.Flux, Nothing}}, Nothing, Oceananigans.Fields.FieldBoundaryBuffers{Nothing, Nothing, Nothing, Nothing}}, Field{Center, Center, Center, Nothing, RectilinearGrid{Float64, Periodic, Flat, Bounded, Float64, Float64, Float64, OffsetArrays.OffsetVector{Float64, StepRangeLen{Float64, Base.TwicePrecision{Float64}, Base.TwicePrecision{Float64}, Int64}}, StepRangeLen{Float64, Base.TwicePrecision{Float64}, Base.TwicePrecision{Float64}, Int64}, OffsetArrays.OffsetVector{Float64, StepRangeLen{Float64, Base.TwicePrecision{Float64}, Base.TwicePrecision{Float64}, Int64}}, CPU}, Tuple{Colon, Colon, Colon}, OffsetArrays.OffsetArray{Float64, 3, Array{Float64, 3}}, Float64, FieldBoundaryConditions{BoundaryCondition{Oceananigans.BoundaryConditions.Periodic, Nothing}, BoundaryCondition{Oceananigans.BoundaryConditions.Periodic, Nothing}, Nothing, Nothing, BoundaryCondition{Oceananigans.BoundaryConditions.Flux, Nothing}, BoundaryCondition{Oceananigans.BoundaryConditions.Flux, Nothing}, BoundaryCondition{Oceananigans.BoundaryConditions.Flux, Nothing}}, Nothing, Oceananigans.Fields.FieldBoundaryBuffers{Nothing, Nothing, Nothing, Nothing}}}}, NamedTuple{(:u, :v, :w, :b, :P, :N, :Z), Tuple{typeof(Oceananigans.Forcings.zeroforcing), typeof(Oceananigans.Forcings.zeroforcing), typeof(Oceananigans.Forcings.zeroforcing), typeof(Oceananigans.Forcings.zeroforcing), Oceananigans.Forcings.DiscreteForcing{NTuple{7, Float64}, typeof(P_forcing)}, Oceananigans.Forcings.DiscreteForcing{NTuple{7, Float64}, typeof(N_forcing)}, Oceananigans.Forcings.DiscreteForcing{NTuple{7, Float64}, typeof(Z_forcing)}}}, UpwindBiased{3, Float64, Nothing, Nothing, Nothing, UpwindBiased{2, Float64, Nothing, Nothing, Nothing, UpwindBiased{1, Float64, Nothing, Nothing, Nothing, Nothing, Centered{1, Float64, Nothing, Nothing, Nothing, Nothing}}, Centered{1, Float64, Nothing, Nothing, Nothing, Nothing}}, Centered{2, Float64, Nothing, Nothing, Nothing, Centered{1, Float64, Nothing, Nothing, Nothing, Nothing}}}, Oceananigans.Solvers.FFTBasedPoissonSolver{RectilinearGrid{Float64, Periodic, Flat, Bounded, Float64, Float64, Float64, OffsetArrays.OffsetVector{Float64, StepRangeLen{Float64, Base.TwicePrecision{Float64}, Base.TwicePrecision{Float64}, Int64}}, StepRangeLen{Float64, Base.TwicePrecision{Float64}, Base.TwicePrecision{Float64}, Int64}, OffsetArrays.OffsetVector{Float64, StepRangeLen{Float64, Base.TwicePrecision{Float64}, Base.TwicePrecision{Float64}, Int64}}, CPU}, NamedTuple{(:λx, :λy, :λz), Tuple{Array{Float64, 3}, Array{Float64, 3}, Array{Float64, 3}}}, Array{ComplexF64, 3}, Nothing, NamedTuple{(:forward, :backward), Tuple{Tuple{Oceananigans.Solvers.DiscreteTransform{FFTW.r2rFFTWPlan{ComplexF64, Vector{Int32}, true, 3, Vector{Int64}}, Oceananigans.Solvers.Forward, RectilinearGrid{Float64, Periodic, Flat, Bounded, Float64, Float64, Float64, OffsetArrays.OffsetVector{Float64, StepRangeLen{Float64, Base.TwicePrecision{Float64}, Base.TwicePrecision{Float64}, Int64}}, StepRangeLen{Float64, Base.TwicePrecision{Float64}, Base.TwicePrecision{Float64}, Int64}, OffsetArrays.OffsetVector{Float64, StepRangeLen{Float64, Base.TwicePrecision{Float64}, Base.TwicePrecision{Float64}, Int64}}, CPU}, Int64, Bounded, Int64, Nothing, Nothing}, Oceananigans.Solvers.DiscreteTransform{FFTW.cFFTWPlan{ComplexF64, -1, true, 3, Vector{Int64}}, Oceananigans.Solvers.Forward, RectilinearGrid{Float64, Periodic, Flat, Bounded, Float64, Float64, Float64, OffsetArrays.OffsetVector{Float64, StepRangeLen{Float64, Base.TwicePrecision{Float64}, Base.TwicePrecision{Float64}, Int64}}, StepRangeLen{Float64, Base.TwicePrecision{Float64}, Base.TwicePrecision{Float64}, Int64}, OffsetArrays.OffsetVector{Float64, StepRangeLen{Float64, Base.TwicePrecision{Float64}, Base.TwicePrecision{Float64}, Int64}}, CPU}, Int64, Periodic, Int64, Nothing, Nothing}}, Tuple{Oceananigans.Solvers.DiscreteTransform{AbstractFFTs.ScaledPlan{ComplexF64, FFTW.cFFTWPlan{ComplexF64, 1, true, 3, Vector{Int64}}, Float64}, Oceananigans.Solvers.Backward, RectilinearGrid{Float64, Periodic, Flat, Bounded, Float64, Float64, Float64, OffsetArrays.OffsetVector{Float64, StepRangeLen{Float64, Base.TwicePrecision{Float64}, Base.TwicePrecision{Float64}, Int64}}, StepRangeLen{Float64, Base.TwicePrecision{Float64}, Base.TwicePrecision{Float64}, Int64}, OffsetArrays.OffsetVector{Float64, StepRangeLen{Float64, Base.TwicePrecision{Float64}, Base.TwicePrecision{Float64}, Int64}}, CPU}, Int64, Periodic, Int64, Nothing, Nothing}, Oceananigans.Solvers.DiscreteTransform{FFTW.r2rFFTWPlan{ComplexF64, Vector{Int32}, true, 3, Vector{Int64}}, Oceananigans.Solvers.Backward, RectilinearGrid{Float64, Periodic, Flat, Bounded, Float64, Float64, Float64, OffsetArrays.OffsetVector{Float64, StepRangeLen{Float64, Base.TwicePrecision{Float64}, Base.TwicePrecision{Float64}, Int64}}, StepRangeLen{Float64, Base.TwicePrecision{Float64}, Base.TwicePrecision{Float64}, Int64}, OffsetArrays.OffsetVector{Float64, StepRangeLen{Float64, Base.TwicePrecision{Float64}, Base.TwicePrecision{Float64}, Int64}}, CPU}, Int64, Bounded, Float64, Nothing, Nothing}}}}}, Nothing, NamedTuple{(:velocities, :tracers), Tuple{NamedTuple{(:u, :v, :w), Tuple{Oceananigans.Fields.ZeroField{Int64, 3}, Oceananigans.Fields.ZeroField{Int64, 3}, Oceananigans.Fields.ZeroField{Int64, 3}}}, NamedTuple{(:b, :P, :N, :Z), NTuple{4, Oceananigans.Fields.ZeroField{Int64, 3}}}}}, Nothing, Nothing, Nothing, NamedTuple{(), Tuple{}}}, Oceananigans.TimeSteppers.RungeKutta3TimeStepper{Float64, NamedTuple{(:u, :v, :w, :b, :P, :N, :Z), Tuple{Field{Face, Center, Center, Nothing, RectilinearGrid{Float64, Periodic, Flat, Bounded, Float64, Float64, Float64, OffsetArrays.OffsetVector{Float64, StepRangeLen{Float64, Base.TwicePrecision{Float64}, Base.TwicePrecision{Float64}, Int64}}, StepRangeLen{Float64, Base.TwicePrecision{Float64}, Base.TwicePrecision{Float64}, Int64}, OffsetArrays.OffsetVector{Float64, StepRangeLen{Float64, Base.TwicePrecision{Float64}, Base.TwicePrecision{Float64}, Int64}}, CPU}, Tuple{Colon, Colon, Colon}, OffsetArrays.OffsetArray{Float64, 3, Array{Float64, 3}}, Float64, FieldBoundaryConditions{BoundaryCondition{Oceananigans.BoundaryConditions.Periodic, Nothing}, BoundaryCondition{Oceananigans.BoundaryConditions.Periodic, Nothing}, Nothing, Nothing, BoundaryCondition{Oceananigans.BoundaryConditions.Flux, Nothing}, BoundaryCondition{Oceananigans.BoundaryConditions.Flux, Nothing}, BoundaryCondition{Oceananigans.BoundaryConditions.Flux, Nothing}}, Nothing, Oceananigans.Fields.FieldBoundaryBuffers{Nothing, Nothing, Nothing, Nothing}}, Field{Center, Face, Center, Nothing, RectilinearGrid{Float64, Periodic, Flat, Bounded, Float64, Float64, Float64, OffsetArrays.OffsetVector{Float64, StepRangeLen{Float64, Base.TwicePrecision{Float64}, Base.TwicePrecision{Float64}, Int64}}, StepRangeLen{Float64, Base.TwicePrecision{Float64}, Base.TwicePrecision{Float64}, Int64}, OffsetArrays.OffsetVector{Float64, StepRangeLen{Float64, Base.TwicePrecision{Float64}, Base.TwicePrecision{Float64}, Int64}}, CPU}, Tuple{Colon, Colon, Colon}, OffsetArrays.OffsetArray{Float64, 3, Array{Float64, 3}}, Float64, FieldBoundaryConditions{BoundaryCondition{Oceananigans.BoundaryConditions.Periodic, Nothing}, BoundaryCondition{Oceananigans.BoundaryConditions.Periodic, Nothing}, Nothing, Nothing, BoundaryCondition{Oceananigans.BoundaryConditions.Flux, Nothing}, BoundaryCondition{Oceananigans.BoundaryConditions.Flux, Nothing}, BoundaryCondition{Oceananigans.BoundaryConditions.Flux, Nothing}}, Nothing, Oceananigans.Fields.FieldBoundaryBuffers{Nothing, Nothing, Nothing, Nothing}}, Field{Center, Center, Face, Nothing, RectilinearGrid{Float64, Periodic, Flat, Bounded, Float64, Float64, Float64, OffsetArrays.OffsetVector{Float64, StepRangeLen{Float64, Base.TwicePrecision{Float64}, Base.TwicePrecision{Float64}, Int64}}, StepRangeLen{Float64, Base.TwicePrecision{Float64}, Base.TwicePrecision{Float64}, Int64}, OffsetArrays.OffsetVector{Float64, StepRangeLen{Float64, Base.TwicePrecision{Float64}, Base.TwicePrecision{Float64}, Int64}}, CPU}, Tuple{Colon, Colon, Colon}, OffsetArrays.OffsetArray{Float64, 3, Array{Float64, 3}}, Float64, FieldBoundaryConditions{BoundaryCondition{Oceananigans.BoundaryConditions.Periodic, Nothing}, BoundaryCondition{Oceananigans.BoundaryConditions.Periodic, Nothing}, Nothing, Nothing, Nothing, Nothing, BoundaryCondition{Oceananigans.BoundaryConditions.Flux, Nothing}}, Nothing, Oceananigans.Fields.FieldBoundaryBuffers{Nothing, Nothing, Nothing, Nothing}}, Field{Center, Center, Center, Nothing, RectilinearGrid{Float64, Periodic, Flat, Bounded, 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    @ Oceananigans.Simulations [~/.julia/packages/Oceananigans/KTw3g/src/Simulations/run.jl:87](https://vscode-remote+ssh-002dremote-002b10-002e92-002e255-002e2.vscode-resource.vscode-cdn.net/home/zhengwei/scratch/Project_ESM/~/.julia/packages/Oceananigans/KTw3g/src/Simulations/run.jl:87)
 [10] top-level scope
    @ In[5]:69

[simone-silvestri]

Might be, usually when there are errors in the functions you provide to the model (bc, forcings, etc...) the GPU kernels will not compile. A good way to debug is to run on the CPU where the error stack is easier to interpret.

[simone-silvestri]

To be a little more specific about your bug, in your case, parameters to be passed to the discrete forcing should be a NamedTuple, not a simple Tuples (since you are accessing them like this P_forcing(p.Vm, p.Ks, p.m, p.Rm, p.iv, p.gama, p.d, fields.P[i, j, k], fields.N[i, j, k], fields.Z[i, j, k])).
Converting your tuples to namedtuples like this

P_dynamics = Forcing(P_forcing, discrete_form=true, parameters=(; Vm, Ks, m, Rm, iv, gama, d))

should clear your problem

EDIT
You also have to change the signature of your P_forcing function to match the call

[glwagner]

Right, I noticed there are bugs in your code. So first we have to get it running on the CPU. Once it works on the CPU then we can assess the GPU issue in isolation.

For example, I see

@inline P_forcing(N, P, Z)  = Vm * N * P / (Ks + N) - m * P - Z * Rm * (1 - exp(-iv * P))

and

@inline P_forcing(i, j, k, grid, clock, fields, p)  = @inbounds P_forcing(p.Vm, p.Ks, p.m, p.Rm, p.iv, p.gama, p.d, fields.P[i, j, k], fields.N[i, j, k], fields.Z[i, j, k])

But nowhere do I see a function that matches the right side of the above:

P_forcing(p.Vm, p.Ks, p.m, p.Rm, p.iv, p.gama, p.d, fields.P[i, j, k], fields.N[i, j, k], fields.Z[i, j, k])

This is a bug?

[zwei961120]

Yes, this is indeed a bug. I have checked the code carefully and successfully run it on CPU and GPU. Many thanks for your and @simone-silvestri 's help and warm tips :-)

[glwagner]

Awesome!