diff --git a/schema/bom-1.6.schema.json b/schema/bom-1.6.schema.json
index 695b1d2d..3765d4da 100644
--- a/schema/bom-1.6.schema.json
+++ b/schema/bom-1.6.schema.json
@@ -2218,6 +2218,9 @@
       "type": "object",
       "title": "Lightweight name-value pair",
       "description": "Provides the ability to document properties in a name-value store. This provides flexibility to include data not officially supported in the standard without having to use additional namespaces or create extensions. Unlike key-value stores, properties support duplicate names, each potentially having different values. Property names of interest to the general public are encouraged to be registered in the [CycloneDX Property Taxonomy](https://github.com/CycloneDX/cyclonedx-property-taxonomy). Formal registration is OPTIONAL.",
+      "required": [
+        "name"
+      ],
       "properties": {
         "name": {
           "type": "string",
@@ -2229,7 +2232,8 @@
           "title": "Value",
           "description": "The value of the property."
         }
-      }
+      },
+      "additionalProperties": false
     },
     "localeType": {
       "type": "string",
diff --git a/tools/src/test/resources/1.6/invalid-properties-1.6.json b/tools/src/test/resources/1.6/invalid-properties-1.6.json
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..06985035
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tools/src/test/resources/1.6/invalid-properties-1.6.json
@@ -0,0 +1,68 @@
+{
+  "bomFormat": "CycloneDX",
+  "specVersion": "1.6",
+  "serialNumber": "urn:uuid:bcb403ae-91fa-436e-bc93-84d1078cdeed",
+  "version": 1,
+  "metadata": {
+    "properties": [
+      {
+        "value": "missing a name"
+      },
+      {
+        "unexpected-property": "foo"
+      },
+      {}
+    ]
+  },
+  "components": [
+    {
+      "type": "library",
+      "name": "acme-library",
+      "version": "1.0.0",
+      "licenses": [
+        {
+          "license": {
+            "id": "Apache-2.0",
+            "properties": [
+              {
+                "value": "missing a name"
+              },
+              {
+                "unexpected-property": "foo"
+              },
+              {}
+            ]
+          }
+        }
+      ],
+      "properties": [
+        {
+          "value": "missing a name"
+        },
+        {
+          "unexpected-property": "foo"
+        },
+        {}
+      ]
+    }
+  ],
+  "services": [
+    {
+      "bom-ref": "b2a46a4b-8367-4bae-9820-95557cfe03a8",
+      "group": "org.partner",
+      "name": "Stock ticker service",
+      "endpoints": [
+        "https://partner.org/api/v1/stock"
+      ],
+      "properties": [
+        {
+          "value": "missing a name"
+        },
+        {
+          "unexpected-property": "foo"
+        },
+        {}
+      ]
+    }
+  ]
+}
diff --git a/tools/src/test/resources/1.6/invalid-properties-1.6.textproto b/tools/src/test/resources/1.6/invalid-properties-1.6.textproto
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..9afebf51
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tools/src/test/resources/1.6/invalid-properties-1.6.textproto
@@ -0,0 +1,45 @@
+spec_version: "1.6"
+version: 1
+serial_number: "urn:uuid:bcb403ae-91fa-436e-bc93-84d1078cdeed"
+metadata {
+  properties {
+    value: "missing a name"
+  }
+  properties {
+    # no name and no value
+  }
+}
+components {
+  type: CLASSIFICATION_LIBRARY
+  name: "acme-library"
+  version: "1.0.0"
+  licenses {
+    license {
+      id: "Apache-2.0"
+      properties {
+        value: "missing a name"
+      }
+      properties {
+        # no name and no value
+      }
+    }
+  }
+  properties {
+    value: "missing a name"
+  }
+  properties {
+    # no name and no value
+  }
+}
+services {
+  bom_ref: "b2a46a4b-8367-4bae-9820-95557cfe03a8"
+  group: "org.partner"
+  name: "Stock ticker service"
+  endpoints: "https://partner.org/api/v1/stock"
+  properties {
+    value: "missing a name"
+  }
+  properties {
+    # no name and no value
+  }
+}
diff --git a/tools/src/test/resources/1.6/invalid-properties-1.6.xml b/tools/src/test/resources/1.6/invalid-properties-1.6.xml
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..9c54127f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tools/src/test/resources/1.6/invalid-properties-1.6.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,41 @@
+<?xml version="1.0"?>
+<bom serialNumber="urn:uuid:bcb403ae-91fa-436e-bc93-84d1078cdeed" version="1" xmlns="http://cyclonedx.org/schema/bom/1.6">
+    <metadata>
+        <properties>
+            <property>missing a name</property>
+            <property><!-- no name and no value --></property>
+        </properties>
+    </metadata>
+    <components>
+        <component type="library">
+            <name>acme-library</name>
+            <version>1.0.0</version>
+            <licenses>
+                <license>
+                    <id>Apache-2.0</id>
+                    <properties>
+                        <property>missing a name</property>
+                        <property><!-- no name and no value --></property>
+                    </properties>
+                </license>
+            </licenses>
+            <properties>
+                <property>missing a name</property>
+                <property><!-- no name and no value --></property>
+            </properties>
+        </component>
+    </components>
+    <services>
+        <service bom-ref="b2a46a4b-8367-4bae-9820-95557cfe03a8">
+            <group>org.partner</group>
+            <name>Stock ticker service</name>
+            <endpoints>
+                <endpoint>https://partner.org/api/v1/stock</endpoint>
+            </endpoints>
+            <properties>
+                <property>missing a name</property>
+                <property><!-- no name and no value --></property>
+            </properties>
+        </service>
+    </services>
+</bom>
diff --git a/tools/src/test/resources/1.6/valid-properties-1.6.json b/tools/src/test/resources/1.6/valid-properties-1.6.json
index 237f7fe2..68c47f86 100644
--- a/tools/src/test/resources/1.6/valid-properties-1.6.json
+++ b/tools/src/test/resources/1.6/valid-properties-1.6.json
@@ -9,10 +9,6 @@
         "name": "Foo",
         "value": "Bar"
       },
-      {
-        "name": "Foo",
-        "value": "You"
-      },
       {
         "name": "Foo",
         "value": "Two"
@@ -20,6 +16,9 @@
       {
         "name": "Bar",
         "value": "Foo"
+      },
+      {
+        "name": "value-is-optional"
       }
     ]
   },
@@ -37,10 +36,6 @@
                 "name": "Foo",
                 "value": "Bar"
               },
-              {
-                "name": "Foo",
-                "value": "You"
-              },
               {
                 "name": "Foo",
                 "value": "Two"
@@ -48,6 +43,9 @@
               {
                 "name": "Bar",
                 "value": "Foo"
+              },
+              {
+                "name": "value-is-optional"
               }
             ]
           }
@@ -57,6 +55,17 @@
         {
           "name": "Foo",
           "value": "Bar"
+        },
+        {
+          "name": "Foo",
+          "value": "Two"
+        },
+        {
+          "name": "Bar",
+          "value": "Foo"
+        },
+        {
+          "name": "value-is-optional"
         }
       ]
     }
@@ -73,6 +82,17 @@
         {
           "name": "Foo",
           "value": "Bar"
+        },
+        {
+          "name": "Foo",
+          "value": "Two"
+        },
+        {
+          "name": "Bar",
+          "value": "Foo"
+        },
+        {
+          "name": "value-is-optional"
         }
       ]
     }
diff --git a/tools/src/test/resources/1.6/valid-properties-1.6.textproto b/tools/src/test/resources/1.6/valid-properties-1.6.textproto
index 43779985..3f1c2ac6 100644
--- a/tools/src/test/resources/1.6/valid-properties-1.6.textproto
+++ b/tools/src/test/resources/1.6/valid-properties-1.6.textproto
@@ -6,10 +6,6 @@ metadata {
     name: "Foo"
     value: "Bar"
   }
-  properties {
-    name: "Foo"
-    value: "You"
-  }
   properties {
     name: "Foo"
     value: "Two"
@@ -18,6 +14,9 @@ metadata {
     name: "Bar"
     value: "Foo"
   }
+  properties {
+    name: "value-is-optional"
+  }
 }
 components {
   type: CLASSIFICATION_LIBRARY
@@ -30,10 +29,6 @@ components {
         name: "Foo"
         value: "Bar"
       }
-      properties {
-        name: "Foo"
-        value: "You"
-      }
       properties {
         name: "Foo"
         value: "Two"
@@ -42,12 +37,26 @@ components {
         name: "Bar"
         value: "Foo"
       }
+      properties {
+        name: "value-is-optional"
+      }
     }
   }
   properties {
     name: "Foo"
     value: "Bar"
   }
+  properties {
+    name: "Foo"
+    value: "Two"
+  }
+  properties {
+    name: "Bar"
+    value: "Foo"
+  }
+  properties {
+    name: "value-is-optional"
+  }
 }
 services {
   bom_ref: "b2a46a4b-8367-4bae-9820-95557cfe03a8"
@@ -58,4 +67,15 @@ services {
     name: "Foo"
     value: "Bar"
   }
+  properties {
+    name: "Foo"
+    value: "Two"
+  }
+  properties {
+    name: "Bar"
+    value: "Foo"
+  }
+  properties {
+    name: "value-is-optional"
+  }
 }
diff --git a/tools/src/test/resources/1.6/valid-properties-1.6.xml b/tools/src/test/resources/1.6/valid-properties-1.6.xml
index 32cd224c..ac03d4b8 100644
--- a/tools/src/test/resources/1.6/valid-properties-1.6.xml
+++ b/tools/src/test/resources/1.6/valid-properties-1.6.xml
@@ -3,9 +3,9 @@
     <metadata>
         <properties>
             <property name="Foo">Bar</property>
-            <property name="Foo">You</property>
             <property name="Foo">Two</property>
             <property name="Bar">Foo</property>
+            <property name="value-is-optional"/>
         </properties>
     </metadata>
     <components>
@@ -17,15 +17,17 @@
                     <id>Apache-2.0</id>
                     <properties>
                         <property name="Foo">Bar</property>
-                        <property name="Foo">You</property>
                         <property name="Foo">Two</property>
                         <property name="Bar">Foo</property>
+                        <property name="value-is-optional"/>
                     </properties>
                 </license>
             </licenses>
             <properties>
                 <property name="Foo">Bar</property>
+                <property name="Foo">Two</property>
                 <property name="Bar">Foo</property>
+                <property name="value-is-optional"/>
             </properties>
         </component>
     </components>
@@ -38,7 +40,9 @@
             </endpoints>
             <properties>
                 <property name="Foo">Bar</property>
+                <property name="Foo">Two</property>
                 <property name="Bar">Foo</property>
+                <property name="value-is-optional"/>
             </properties>
         </service>
     </services>