\nYou can read more about transshipment behaviour from our report or scientific publication.
",
"loitering": "Overview
\n\n - Loitering events are recorded when one vessel shows signs of potential encounters, or meeting another vessel at sea, but there is no second vessel detected.
\n - Loitering events are based on speed and distance from shore.
\n - A loitering event is recorded when a vessel travels at an average speed of less than 2 knots over 20 nautical miles (37.04 kilometers) from shore.
\n - There may be many reasons a loitering event is recorded, so results should be interpreted with caution.
\n
\nCaveats
\n\n - There may be many reasons a vessel slows down away from shore.
\n - Loitering events are indicative, and the vessel may not be meeting any other vessels at the time of the event.
\n - Other events in which a vessel may remain fairly stationary or moving slowly include maintenance, poor weather or waiting for owner instruction.
\n - Loitering events for fishing vessels may be associated with normal fishing behavior, as fishing vessels often move slowly during fishing operations.
\n - Due to the individual definitions of loitering events and encounter events, it is possible for a loitering event to overlap with an encounter event, representing the same activity, or the loitering event may encompass one or more encounter events.
\n - If transmission data is poor, the average location can be inconsistent with the vessel track and the event may appear slightly alongside the track.
\n
",
"fishing": "Overview
\n\n - Global Fishing Watch analyzes AIS data collected from vessels that our research has identified as known or possible fishing vessels, and applies a fishing detection algorithm to determine “apparent fishing activity” based on changes in vessel speed and direction.
\n - Our machine learning model classifies each AIS broadcast data point for these vessels as either apparently fishing or not fishing.
\n - Fishing events use those data points as input and summarize them into one event for easier analysis.
\n - A fishing event is defined where:
\n - Fishing positions appear consecutively and are separated by less than 10 kilometers or 2 hours; and,
\n - Fishing positions within 1 hour and 2 kilometers of another fishing event are grouped together into a single event.
\n
\n \n - The dataset is further restricted by removing fishing events that are brief and fast, as these are less likely to indicate a realistic fishing event. The following short fishing events are removed:
\n - Events less than 20 minutes in duration;
\n - Events comprised of five or fewer fishing positions;
\n - Events that cover distance of less than 0.5 km (for all gears except estimated squid gear);
\n - Events that cover distance of less than 50m (for estimated squid gear); and,
\n - Abnormally fast moving vessel events with an average vessel speed of 10 knots or greater.
\n
\n \n
\nCaveats
\n\n - False positives may appear in the dataset where vessel’s slow down and change direction, but aren’t engaged in fishing activity.
\n - Our machine learning model is better at predicting some types of fishing (e.g. trawling and longlining) compared to other types of fishing that may not have been as present in data used to train the machine learning model.
\n - Most AIS devices fall into one of three “classes”: Class A, Class B, and Class B+. Class A devices broadcast at a stronger power and they broadcast a vessel’s position more frequently. Lower wattage Class B and B+ devices are detected less frequently by satellites, and therefore it may seem there is less fishing activity in areas where they are predominantly used.
\n - In addition to areas with low satellite coverage, areas with a high density of vessel traffic can also limit the number of signals processed, particularly related to Class B (or B+) AIS systems. This may lead to reduced or underestimated vessel activity in the Global Fishing Watch map or data in such areas.
\n
\nLearn more
Learn more about our estimation of apparent fishing effort.",
- "insightsCoverage": "Overview
The coverage metric is an estimate of how well a vessel’s activities outside of port, i.e. where it travelled and what it did, can be captured by the vessel’s AIS data for the time range of interest. A vessel’s AIS coverage metric is critical to interpreting vessel activity information. The higher the coverage percentage, the greater confidence on the accuracy of events listed to represent the vessel’s actual activities. To calculate the coverage metric, all voyages linked to a vessel in the selected time range are segmented into one hour blocks, and the proportion of each hour block a vessel in a voyage has at least one AIS transmission. An ‘N/A’ value could be due to no reported activity for the vessel in the selected time range. This could be of poor coverage, but may also be the result of inactivity e.g. the vessel undergoing maintenance. In these cases, we recommend you check additional information sources and request supporting records from the vessel.
Caveats
- As the AIS coverage metric is calculated based on voyages, eg. the vessel’s activity between port visits, coverage is reflective of the time and AIS reception quality while a vessel is active at sea rather than at port.
- Voyage is defined based on port visits (exit and entry). Any issue detecting port visits for a vessel may result in lower accuracy of the AIS coverage calculation.
- The coverage metric does not distinguish between a lack of activity (non-event) and poor transmission resulting in disability to detect a true event.
Learn more
Learn more about our work on transmission gaps
",
- "insightsFishing": "Overview
Global Fishing Watch (GFW) analyzes and applies a fishing detection algorithm based on AIS data collected from vessels. Each AIS broadcast data point is classified as either “apparently fishing” or not fishing, and further reviewed to determine individual “fishing events”.
Based on the time range of interest, the following two insights are reviewed:
- Any apparent fishing events detected in areas with no known RFMO authorization
- Any apparent fishing events detected in no-take MPAs
Fishing in areas with no known RFMO authorization
GFW indicates any apparent fishing events in areas with no known RFMO authorization compiled from 7 Regional Fisheries Management Organisation (RFMO) lists*.
Caveats
- The insight covers the listed RFMO areas only*.
- The insight does not include national registration or licensing lists.
Fishing in no-take Marine Protected Areas (MPAs)
This insight is presented by cross-referencing any apparent fishing events in the boundaries of no-take MPAs (Source: World Database on Protected Areas ).
Caveats
- Events close to boundary lines may be reported as being inside an MPA boundary. We recommend that you check the vessel track positions on the map alongside adding the MPA layer to confirm exact operation.
- There may be variability in no-take MPA permissions and restrictions based on seasonal closures and gear restrictions.
General caveats
- Due to limited access to national databases, the insights do not consider other unknown authorizations e.g. seasonal closures, fishing authorisation within EEZs.
- All references to activity events (e.g. fishing), should be understood in the context of GFW's algorithms, which are best efforts to determine apparent fishing activity events based on AIS data collected.
- While the insights provide potential events, GFW recommends to visually inspect vessel tracks, always refer to additional information sources, and request records from a vessel to confirm any findings.
* The 7 RFMO lists considered for the authorization insight include:
- Commission for the Conservation of Southern Bluefin Tuna (CCSBT)
- Inter-American Tropical Tuna Commission (IATTC)
- International Commission for the Conservation of Atlantic Tunas (ICCAT)
- Indian Ocean Tuna Commission (IOTC)
- North Pacific Fisheries Commission (NPFC)
- South Pacific Regional Fisheries Management Organisation (SPRFMO)
- Western and Central Pacific Fisheries Commission (WCPFC)
Learn more
Learn more about how apparent fishing is estimated through Global Fishing Watch’s technology , and the difference between apparent fishing effort and fishing events. ",
- "insightsFlagsChanges": "Overview
This insight tracks and details when the registry information available on a vessel indicates the vessel has been flagged to more than one unique flag state during the time range of interest, indicating a potential flag change. Adjust the end date of the time bar to present date to show the current vessel flag; Extend time range to track historical changes.
Caveats
- Global Fishing Watch matches vessel identity data with over 40 public registries to validate an individual vessel and enable tracking of identity and activity changes throughout the vessel’s lifetime from construction to scrapping.
- The vessel identity insights rely solely on registry data. The insights do not consider AIS based vessel flag identity.
- The quantity and quality of available registry data vary by flag state, thereby introducing uneven degrees of vessel identity information.
- Conflicts between information sources can occur leading to incorrect identification of vessel flags. This is more common for vessels not listed on public registries and vessels operating under multiple flags within a short time range.
- While every attempt is made to ensure the insight provided is accurate and up-to-date, this cannot be guaranteed, particularly on any changes outside of the monthly data update cycle.
Learn more
Global Fishing Watch works to offset the lack of public registry data by complementing with other data sources and advocating for transparency in regional and national fora. Learn more about:
Vessel identity and characterization ",
- "insightsGaps": "Overview
AIS devices are designed to continually broadcast a vessel’s position to avoid collisions. Thus, when a vessel has an extended gap in AIS transmissions or positions, it can potentially indicate intentional AIS disabling or suspicious behavior.
The AIS off events insight is based on the time range of interest.
Global Fishing Watch records all AIS gap events over six hours, and then applies a set of filters below to identify those gaps we believe to be intentional AIS disabling rather than technical failures. The filter criteria for ‘likely disabling’ are:
- The gap event must be at least 12 hours;
- The gap must start at least 50 nautical miles (nm) from shore;
- The gap must start in an area with a satellite reception quality greater than 10 positions per day;
- The vessel must have at least 14 satellite positions in the 12 hours prior to the gap.
Caveats
- The dataset used to formulate this insight remains in prototype stage, which means it is still under quality assurance processes with possibility of data issues and may not include the most up-to-date data points or changes.
- Gaps outside of the above filter criteria (e.g. activity within 50 nm) are not recognised. Using this AIS off events insight to evaluate activity within 50 nm from shore for example would be uninformative and potentially misleading.
- Gaps shorter than 12 hours are not considered for this insight due to variability of satellite orbit timings.
- Gap events less than 50 nm from shore (inshore) are also not considered, due to differences in satellite and terrestrial AIS with satellite AIS reception generally decreases closer to shore coupled by higher vessel density resulting in signal interference.
- The AIS reception quality estimates used to identify the insights are based on data for 2017- 2019 from Welch et al. (2022) while we work to automate monthly estimates from 2019 until present day.
- While the insight aims to provide ‘likely AIS disabling’ events, the insight is unable to confirm whether the gap events are intentional.
- We recommend referencing additional information sources and request supporting records from the vessel for comprehensive AIS gap events review.
",
- "insightsMOUList": "TOKYO AND/OR PARIS MOU LISTS
Overview
This insight tracks and details when the registry information on a vessel's identity indicates a flag record matching a flag on the Tokyo and/or Paris MOU Black or Grey lists based on your time range of interest. Adjust the end date of the time bar to present date to show the current vessel flag status; Extend time range to track historical changes.
Caveats
- Global Fishing Watch matches vessel identity data with over 40 public registries to validate an individual vessel and enable tracking of identity and activity changes throughout the vessel’s lifetime from construction to scrapping.
- The vessel identity insights rely solely on registry data. The insights do not consider AIS based vessel flag identity.
- The Tokyo and Paris MOU lists have been obtained consistently by GFW since mid-2021, and the insight is based on flag identity on and after 2021, not before.
- The data is maintained on an annual basis.
- While every attempt is made to ensure the insight provided is accurate and up-to-date, this cannot be guaranteed, particularly on any changes outside of the annual data update cycle.
",
- "insightsIUU": "Overview
This insight presents illegal, unreported and unregulated (IUU) listing status according to the official Regional Fisheries Management Organization (RFMO) IUU vessel lists. A vessel is defined as ‘currently listed’ if they were present on an RFMO IUU vessel list during your time range of interest. To view the vessel’s latest status, please adjust the end date of the timebar to the present date. Vessels that were on the RFMO IUU list in the past and have since been delisted (for example because of a change in ownership, or because the vessel is no longer in service), or have never been listed are indicated as ‘not listed’.
Caveats
- This insight is kept up-to-date periodically since 2017.
- The insight includes data from 13 official RFMO IUU vessel lists* only. Vessels that have a history of suspected or proven IUU or other non-compliance, but have never been listed by the relevant RFMOs will not be flagged here.
- IUU-listed and IUU-engaged vessels tend to change identities, locations, and operations frequently to evade detection. While every attempt is made to ensure the insight provided is accurate and up-to-date, this cannot be guaranteed due to delays, reporting or administrative errors resulting in incorrect display of information at the RFMO and/or in this Global Fishing Watch insight.
- Global Fishing Watch recommends to always refer to additional data sources, including verification of the original data source*, and/or request additional records from a vessel to confirm any findings.
* The 13 RFMO IUU vessel lists considered for this insight include: (Date source: TMT Combined IUU Vessel List )
- Commission for the Conservation of Antarctic Marine Living Resources (CCAMLR)
- Commission for the Conservation of Southern Bluefin Tuna (CCSBT)
- General Fisheries Commission for the Mediterranean (GFCM)
- Inter-American Tropical Tuna Commission (IATTC)
- International Commission for the Conservation of Atlantic Tunas (ICCAT)
- Indian Ocean Tuna Commission (IOTC)
- Northwest Atlantic Fisheries Organisation (NAFO)
- North East Atlantic Fisheries Commission (NEAFC)
- North Pacific Fisheries Commission (NPFC)
- South East Atlantic Fisheries Organisation (SEAFO)
- South Pacific Regional Fisheries Management Organisation (SPRFMO)
- Southern Indian Ocean Fisheries Agreement (SIOFA)
- Western and Central Pacific Fisheries Commission (WCPFC)
"
+ "insightsCoverage": "Overview
The coverage metric is an estimate of how well a vessel’s activities outside of port, i.e. where it travelled and what it did, can be captured by the vessel’s AIS data for the time range of interest. A vessel’s AIS coverage metric is critical to interpreting vessel activity information. The higher the coverage percentage, the greater confidence on the accuracy of events listed to represent the vessel’s actual activities. To calculate the coverage metric, all voyages linked to a vessel in the selected time range are segmented into one hour blocks, and the proportion of each hour block a vessel in a voyage has at least one AIS transmission. An ‘N/A’ value could be due to no reported activity for the vessel in the selected time range. This could be of poor coverage, but may also be the result of inactivity e.g. the vessel undergoing maintenance. In these cases, we recommend you check additional information sources and request supporting records from the vessel.
Caveats
- As the AIS coverage metric is calculated based on voyages, eg. the vessel’s activity between port visits, coverage is reflective of the time and AIS reception quality while a vessel is active at sea rather than at port.
- Voyage is defined based on port visits (exit and entry). Any issue detecting port visits for a vessel may result in lower accuracy of the AIS coverage calculation.
- The coverage metric does not distinguish between a lack of activity (non-event) and poor transmission resulting in disability to detect a true event.
Learn more
Learn more about our work on transmission gaps
",
+ "insightsFishing": "Overview
Global Fishing Watch (GFW) analyzes and applies a fishing detection algorithm based on AIS data collected from vessels. Each AIS broadcast data point is classified as either “apparently fishing” or not fishing, and further reviewed to determine individual “fishing events”.
Based on the time range of interest, the following two insights are reviewed:
- Any apparent fishing events detected in areas with no known RFMO authorization
- Any apparent fishing events detected in no-take MPAs
Fishing in areas with no known RFMO authorization
GFW indicates any apparent fishing events in areas with no known RFMO authorization compiled from 7 Regional Fisheries Management Organisation (RFMO) lists*.
Caveats
- The insight covers the listed RFMO areas only*.
- The insight does not include national registration or licensing lists.
Fishing in no-take Marine Protected Areas (MPAs)
This insight is presented by cross-referencing any apparent fishing events in the boundaries of no-take MPAs (Source: World Database on Protected Areas ).
Caveats
- Events close to boundary lines may be reported as being inside an MPA boundary. We recommend that you check the vessel track positions on the map alongside adding the MPA layer to confirm exact operation.
- There may be variability in no-take MPA permissions and restrictions based on seasonal closures and gear restrictions.
General caveats
- Due to limited access to national databases, the insights do not consider other unknown authorizations e.g. seasonal closures, fishing authorisation within EEZs.
- All references to activity events (e.g. fishing), should be understood in the context of GFW's algorithms, which are best efforts to determine apparent fishing activity events based on AIS data collected.
- While the insights provide potential events, GFW recommends to visually inspect vessel tracks, always refer to additional information sources, and request records from a vessel to confirm any findings.
* The 7 RFMO lists considered for the authorization insight include:
- Commission for the Conservation of Southern Bluefin Tuna (CCSBT)
- Inter-American Tropical Tuna Commission (IATTC)
- International Commission for the Conservation of Atlantic Tunas (ICCAT)
- Indian Ocean Tuna Commission (IOTC)
- North Pacific Fisheries Commission (NPFC)
- South Pacific Regional Fisheries Management Organisation (SPRFMO)
- Western and Central Pacific Fisheries Commission (WCPFC)
Learn more
Learn more about how apparent fishing is estimated through Global Fishing Watch’s technology , and the difference between apparent fishing effort and fishing events. ",
+ "insightsFlagsChanges": "Overview
This insight tracks and details when the registry information available on a vessel indicates the vessel has been flagged to more than one unique flag state during the time range of interest, indicating a potential flag change. Adjust the end date of the time bar to present date to show the current vessel flag; Extend time range to track historical changes.
Caveats
- Global Fishing Watch matches vessel identity data with over 40 public registries to validate an individual vessel and enable tracking of identity and activity changes throughout the vessel’s lifetime from construction to scrapping.
- The vessel identity insights rely solely on registry data. The insights do not consider AIS based vessel flag identity.
- The quantity and quality of available registry data vary by flag state, thereby introducing uneven degrees of vessel identity information.
- Conflicts between information sources can occur leading to incorrect identification of vessel flags. This is more common for vessels not listed on public registries and vessels operating under multiple flags within a short time range.
- While every attempt is made to ensure the insight provided is accurate and up-to-date, this cannot be guaranteed, particularly on any changes outside of the monthly data update cycle.
Learn more
Global Fishing Watch works to offset the lack of public registry data by complementing with other data sources and advocating for transparency in regional and national fora. Learn more about:
Vessel identity and characterization ",
+ "insightsGaps": "Overview
AIS devices are designed to continually broadcast a vessel’s position to avoid collisions. Thus, when a vessel has an extended gap in AIS transmissions or positions, it can potentially indicate intentional AIS disabling or suspicious behavior.
The AIS off events insight is based on the time range of interest.
Global Fishing Watch records all AIS gap events over six hours, and then applies a set of filters below to identify those gaps we believe to be intentional AIS disabling rather than technical failures. The filter criteria for ‘likely disabling’ are:
- The gap event must be at least 12 hours;
- The gap must start at least 50 nautical miles (nm) from shore;
- The gap must start in an area with a satellite reception quality greater than 10 positions per day;
- The vessel must have at least 14 satellite positions in the 12 hours prior to the gap.
Caveats
- The dataset used to formulate this insight remains in prototype stage, which means it is still under quality assurance processes with possibility of data issues and may not include the most up-to-date data points or changes.
- Gaps outside of the above filter criteria (e.g. activity within 50 nm) are not recognised. Using this AIS off events insight to evaluate activity within 50 nm from shore for example would be uninformative and potentially misleading.
- Gaps shorter than 12 hours are not considered for this insight due to variability of satellite orbit timings.
- Gap events less than 50 nm from shore (inshore) are also not considered, due to differences in satellite and terrestrial AIS with satellite AIS reception generally decreases closer to shore coupled by higher vessel density resulting in signal interference.
- The AIS reception quality estimates used to identify the insights are based on data for 2017- 2019 from Welch et al. (2022) while we work to automate monthly estimates from 2019 until present day.
- While the insight aims to provide ‘likely AIS disabling’ events, the insight is unable to confirm whether the gap events are intentional.
- We recommend referencing additional information sources and request supporting records from the vessel for comprehensive AIS gap events review.
",
+ "insightsMOUList": "Overview
This insight tracks and details when the registry information on a vessel's identity indicates a flag record matching a flag on the Tokyo and/or Paris MOU Black or Grey lists based on your time range of interest. Adjust the end date of the time bar to present date to show the current vessel flag status; Extend time range to track historical changes.
Caveats
- Global Fishing Watch matches vessel identity data with over 40 public registries to validate an individual vessel and enable tracking of identity and activity changes throughout the vessel’s lifetime from construction to scrapping.
- The vessel identity insights rely solely on registry data. The insights do not consider AIS based vessel flag identity.
- The Tokyo and Paris MOU lists have been obtained consistently by GFW since mid-2021, and the insight is based on flag identity on and after 2021, not before.
- The data is maintained on an annual basis.
- While every attempt is made to ensure the insight provided is accurate and up-to-date, this cannot be guaranteed, particularly on any changes outside of the annual data update cycle.
",
+ "insightsIUU": "Overview
This insight presents illegal, unreported and unregulated (IUU) listing status according to the official Regional Fisheries Management Organization (RFMO) IUU vessel lists. A vessel is defined as ‘currently listed’ if they were present on an RFMO IUU vessel list during your time range of interest. To view the vessel’s latest status, please adjust the end date of the timebar to the present date. Vessels that were on the RFMO IUU list in the past and have since been delisted (for example because of a change in ownership, or because the vessel is no longer in service), or have never been listed are indicated as ‘not listed’.
Caveats
- This insight is kept up-to-date periodically since 2017.
- The insight includes data from 13 official RFMO IUU vessel lists* only. Vessels that have a history of suspected or proven IUU or other non-compliance, but have never been listed by the relevant RFMOs will not be flagged here.
- IUU-listed and IUU-engaged vessels tend to change identities, locations, and operations frequently to evade detection. While every attempt is made to ensure the insight provided is accurate and up-to-date, this cannot be guaranteed due to delays, reporting or administrative errors resulting in incorrect display of information at the RFMO and/or in this Global Fishing Watch insight.
- Global Fishing Watch recommends to always refer to additional data sources, including verification of the original data source*, and/or request additional records from a vessel to confirm any findings.
* The 13 RFMO IUU vessel lists considered for this insight include: (Date source: TMT Combined IUU Vessel List )
- Commission for the Conservation of Antarctic Marine Living Resources (CCAMLR)
- Commission for the Conservation of Southern Bluefin Tuna (CCSBT)
- General Fisheries Commission for the Mediterranean (GFCM)
- Inter-American Tropical Tuna Commission (IATTC)
- International Commission for the Conservation of Atlantic Tunas (ICCAT)
- Indian Ocean Tuna Commission (IOTC)
- Northwest Atlantic Fisheries Organisation (NAFO)
- North East Atlantic Fisheries Commission (NEAFC)
- North Pacific Fisheries Commission (NPFC)
- South East Atlantic Fisheries Organisation (SEAFO)
- South Pacific Regional Fisheries Management Organisation (SPRFMO)
- Southern Indian Ocean Fisheries Agreement (SIOFA)
- Western and Central Pacific Fisheries Commission (WCPFC)
"
}
diff --git a/apps/fishing-map/public/locales/en/translations.json b/apps/fishing-map/public/locales/en/translations.json
index a117092ec6..106e8b44f9 100644
--- a/apps/fishing-map/public/locales/en/translations.json
+++ b/apps/fishing-map/public/locales/en/translations.json
@@ -811,7 +811,7 @@
"flagChanges": "Flag changes",
"flagChangesCount": "{{count}} flag changes",
"flagChangesEmpty": "No flag changes",
- "MOULists": "MOU Lists",
+ "MOULists": "Tokyo and Paris MOU Lists",
"MOUListsEmpty": "Flying under a flag/flags not present on the Tokio or Paris MOU black or grey lists",
"MOUParisListsCount": "Flag present on the Paris MOU black or grey list ({{flags}})",
"MOUTokyoListsCount": "Flag present on the Tokyo MOU black or grey list ({{flags}})",
diff --git a/apps/fishing-map/public/locales/es/data-terminology.json b/apps/fishing-map/public/locales/es/data-terminology.json
index 2c646cce89..87a7f0e182 100644
--- a/apps/fishing-map/public/locales/es/data-terminology.json
+++ b/apps/fishing-map/public/locales/es/data-terminology.json
@@ -9,10 +9,10 @@
"encounter": "Resumen
- Los eventos de encuentro describen cuando los datos AIS muestran dos embarcaciones que parecen encontrarse en el mar. Los eventos de encuentro pueden ser indicativos de posibles transbordos.
- Global Fishing Watch registra un evento como encuentro cuando se detectan dos embarcaciones a menos de 500 metros una de otra durante al menos 2 horas, viajando a una velocidad media inferior a 2 nudos, mientras se encuentran al menos a 10 kilómetros (5,4 millas náuticas) de un anclaje costero.
- Actualmente se muestran los eventos de encuentro entre buques de transporte y pesqueros y buques de apoyo y pesqueros. En el futuro podrán mostrarse los encuentros entre otros tipos de embarcaciones.
- Vea los detalles del encuentro, tales como la ubicación del evento y los detalles de la embarcación encontrada, hacienda clic en el icono ‘i’ asociado al encuentro.
Advertencias
- Puede haber muchas otras razones (por ejemplo, actividades que no son de transbordo) por las cuales dos embarcaciones se encuentren en el mar. Los buques pueden encontrarse para intercambiar equipo o por la seguridad de la tripulación.
- Dadas las diferentes razones por las que las embarcaciones se pueden encontrar en el mar, estos eventos pretenden servir de apoyo para una mayor revisión de la actividad y no deben utilizarse de forma aislada.
- Algunas veces los eventos de transbordo no cumplen con los criterios utilizados para definir a un evento de encuentro y, por lo tanto, pueden no aparecer en nuestros datos. Es importante corroborar los eventos de encuentro con otras fuentes de información, tales como los registros de transbordo de las Organizaciones Regionales de Ordenación Pesqueras (OROP).
- Si los datos de transmisión son deficientes, la ubicación promedio puede ser inconsistente con el rastreo de la embarcación y el evento puede aparecer ligeramente junto al rastreo.
- No todos los encuentros se muestran en el visualizador de embarcaciones. Actualmente se muestran los eventos de encuentro entre buques de transporte y pesqueros y buques de apoyo y pesqueros. En el futuro podrán mostrarse los encuentros entre otros tipos de embarcaciones.
Aprenda más
Puede leer más sobre comportamientos de transbordo en nuestro informe publicación científica.
",
"loitering": "Resumen
- Los eventos a la deriva se registran cuando una embarcación muestra signos de posibles encuentros, o de encontrarse con otro barco en el mar, pero no se detecta una segunda embarcación.
- Los eventos de merodeo se basan en la velocidad y la distancia desde la costa.
- Un evento a la deriva se registra cuando una embarcación se desplaza a una velocidad promedio inferior a 2 nudos a más de 20 millas náuticas (37,04 kilómetros) de la costa.
- Puede haber muchas razones por las que se registra un evento a la deriva, así que los resultados deben interpretarse con precaución.
Advertencias
- Puede haber muchas razones por las que una embarcación reduzca su velocidad cuando se encuentra lejos de la costa.
- Los eventos a la deriva son indicativos, es posible que la embarcación no se encuentre con ningún otro barco en el momento del evento.
- Otros eventos en los cuales una embarcación puede permanecer estacionaria o moverse lentamente incluyen el mantenimiento, el mal tiempo o la espera de instrucciones del propietario.
- Los eventos a la deriva para buques pesqueros pueden asociarse con el comportamiento de pesca normal, ya que los buques pesqueros frecuentemente se mueven lentamente durante las operaciones de pesca.
- Debido a las definiciones individuales de eventos a la deriva y de encuentros, es posible que un evento a la deriva se superponga con un evento de encuentro, que represente la misma actividad, o que el evento a la deriva pueda abarcar uno o más eventos de encuentro.
- Si los datos de transmisión son deficientes, la ubicación promedio puede ser inconsistente con el rastreo de la embarcación y el evento puede aparecer ligeramente junto al rastreo.
",
"fishing": "Resumen
- Global Fishing Watch analiza los datos AIS recopilados de embarcaciones que nuestra investigación ha identificado como buques pesqueros conocidos o posibles, y aplica un algoritmo de detección de pesca para determinar una “actividad pesquera aparente” basada en cambios de velocidad y dirección de la embarcación.
- Nuestro modelo de aprendizaje automático clasifica cada punto de datos de emisión AIS de estos buques como aparentemente pesqueros o no pesqueros.
- Los eventos de pesca utilizan esos puntos de datos como entrada y los resume en un solo evento para facilitar el análisis.
- Un evento de pesca se define cuando:
- Las posiciones de pesca aparecen consecutivamente y están separadas por menos de 10 kilómetros o 2 horas; y
- Las posiciones de pesca situadas a menos de una hora y 2 kilómetros de otro evento de pesca se agrupan en un solo evento.
- El conjunto de datos se restringe aún más eliminando los eventos de pesca que son breves y rápidos, ya que es menos probable que indiquen un evento de pesca realista. Se eliminan los siguientes eventos de pesca cortos:
- Eventos de menos de 20 minutos de duración;
- Eventos compuestos por cinco posiciones de pesca o menos;
- Eventos que cubren una distancia inferior a 0,5 km (para todas las artes de pesca, excepto las artes estimadas para calamar);
- Eventos que cubren una distancia inferior a 50 m (para las artes estimadas para calamar); y
- Eventos con embarcaciones con un movimiento anormalmente rápido con una velocidad promedio de 10 nudos o superior.
Advertencias
- Pueden aparecer falsos positivos en el conjunto de datos cuando los buques reducen la velocidad y cambian de dirección, pero no están pescando.
- Nuestro modelo de aprendizaje automático predice mejor algunos tipos de pesca (por ejemplo, arrastre y palangre) a comparación de otros tipos de pesca que pueden no haber estado tan presentes en los datos utilizados para capacitar al modelo de aprendizaje automático.
- La mayoría de los dispositivos AIS pertenecen a una de tres “clases”: Clase A, Clase B y Clase B+. Los dispositivos de la Clase A emiten a una mayor potencia y transmiten la posición de una embarcación con mayor frecuencia. Los dispositivos de Clase B y B+ tienen menor potencia y son detectados con menor frecuencia por los satélites, por lo que puede parecer que hay menos actividad pesquera en las zonas donde se utilizan predominantemente.
- Además de las zonas con menor cobertura de satélite, las zonas con una alta densidad de tránsito de barcos también pueden limitar el número de señales procesadas, en particular en relación con los sistemas AIS de Clase B (o B+). Esto puede dar lugar a una reducción o subestimación de actividad de embarcaciones en el mapa o los datos de Global Fishing Watch en dichas zonas.
Aprenda más
Aprenda más sobre nuestro cálculo de esfuerzo de pesca aparente.",
- "insightsCoverage": "Overview
The coverage metric is an estimate of how well a vessel’s activities outside of port, i.e. where it travelled and what it did, can be captured by the vessel’s AIS data for the time range of interest. A vessel’s AIS coverage metric is critical to interpreting vessel activity information. The higher the coverage percentage, the greater confidence on the accuracy of events listed to represent the vessel’s actual activities. To calculate the coverage metric, all voyages linked to a vessel in the selected time range are segmented into one hour blocks, and the proportion of each hour block a vessel in a voyage has at least one AIS transmission. An ‘N/A’ value could be due to no reported activity for the vessel in the selected time range. This could be of poor coverage, but may also be the result of inactivity e.g. the vessel undergoing maintenance. In these cases, we recommend you check additional information sources and request supporting records from the vessel.
Caveats
- As the AIS coverage metric is calculated based on voyages, eg. the vessel’s activity between port visits, coverage is reflective of the time and AIS reception quality while a vessel is active at sea rather than at port.
- Voyage is defined based on port visits (exit and entry). Any issue detecting port visits for a vessel may result in lower accuracy of the AIS coverage calculation.
- The coverage metric does not distinguish between a lack of activity (non-event) and poor transmission resulting in disability to detect a true event.
Learn more
Learn more about our work on transmission gaps
",
- "insightsFishing": "Overview
Global Fishing Watch (GFW) analyzes and applies a fishing detection algorithm based on AIS data collected from vessels. Each AIS broadcast data point is classified as either “apparently fishing” or not fishing, and further reviewed to determine individual “fishing events”.
Based on the time range of interest, the following two insights are reviewed:
- Any apparent fishing events detected in areas with no known RFMO authorization
- Any apparent fishing events detected in no-take MPAs
Fishing in areas with no known RFMO authorization
GFW indicates any apparent fishing events in areas with no known RFMO authorization compiled from 7 Regional Fisheries Management Organisation (RFMO) lists*.
Caveats
- The insight covers the listed RFMO areas only*.
- The insight does not include national registration or licensing lists.
Fishing in no-take Marine Protected Areas (MPAs)
This insight is presented by cross-referencing any apparent fishing events in the boundaries of no-take MPAs (Source: World Database on Protected Areas ).
Caveats
- Events close to boundary lines may be reported as being inside an MPA boundary. We recommend that you check the vessel track positions on the map alongside adding the MPA layer to confirm exact operation.
- There may be variability in no-take MPA permissions and restrictions based on seasonal closures and gear restrictions.
General caveats
- Due to limited access to national databases, the insights do not consider other unknown authorizations e.g. seasonal closures, fishing authorisation within EEZs.
- All references to activity events (e.g. fishing), should be understood in the context of GFW's algorithms, which are best efforts to determine apparent fishing activity events based on AIS data collected.
- While the insights provide potential events, GFW recommends to visually inspect vessel tracks, always refer to additional information sources, and request records from a vessel to confirm any findings.
* The 7 RFMO lists considered for the authorization insight include:
- Commission for the Conservation of Southern Bluefin Tuna (CCSBT)
- Inter-American Tropical Tuna Commission (IATTC)
- International Commission for the Conservation of Atlantic Tunas (ICCAT)
- Indian Ocean Tuna Commission (IOTC)
- North Pacific Fisheries Commission (NPFC)
- South Pacific Regional Fisheries Management Organisation (SPRFMO)
- Western and Central Pacific Fisheries Commission (WCPFC)
Learn more
Learn more about how apparent fishing is estimated through Global Fishing Watch’s technology , and the difference between apparent fishing effort and fishing events. ",
- "insightsFlagsChanges": "Overview
This insight tracks and details when the registry information available on a vessel indicates the vessel has been flagged to more than one unique flag state during the time range of interest, indicating a potential flag change. Adjust the end date of the time bar to present date to show the current vessel flag; Extend time range to track historical changes.
Caveats
- Global Fishing Watch matches vessel identity data with over 40 public registries to validate an individual vessel and enable tracking of identity and activity changes throughout the vessel’s lifetime from construction to scrapping.
- The vessel identity insights rely solely on registry data. The insights do not consider AIS based vessel flag identity.
- The quantity and quality of available registry data vary by flag state, thereby introducing uneven degrees of vessel identity information.
- Conflicts between information sources can occur leading to incorrect identification of vessel flags. This is more common for vessels not listed on public registries and vessels operating under multiple flags within a short time range.
- While every attempt is made to ensure the insight provided is accurate and up-to-date, this cannot be guaranteed, particularly on any changes outside of the monthly data update cycle.
Learn more
Global Fishing Watch works to offset the lack of public registry data by complementing with other data sources and advocating for transparency in regional and national fora. Learn more about:
Vessel identity and characterization ",
- "insightsGaps": "Overview
AIS devices are designed to continually broadcast a vessel’s position to avoid collisions. Thus, when a vessel has an extended gap in AIS transmissions or positions, it can potentially indicate intentional AIS disabling or suspicious behavior.
The AIS off events insight is based on the time range of interest.
Global Fishing Watch records all AIS gap events over six hours, and then applies a set of filters below to identify those gaps we believe to be intentional AIS disabling rather than technical failures. The filter criteria for ‘likely disabling’ are:
- The gap event must be at least 12 hours;
- The gap must start at least 50 nautical miles (nm) from shore;
- The gap must start in an area with a satellite reception quality greater than 10 positions per day;
- The vessel must have at least 14 satellite positions in the 12 hours prior to the gap.
Caveats
- The dataset used to formulate this insight remains in prototype stage, which means it is still under quality assurance processes with possibility of data issues and may not include the most up-to-date data points or changes.
- Gaps outside of the above filter criteria (e.g. activity within 50 nm) are not recognised. Using this AIS off events insight to evaluate activity within 50 nm from shore for example would be uninformative and potentially misleading.
- Gaps shorter than 12 hours are not considered for this insight due to variability of satellite orbit timings.
- Gap events less than 50 nm from shore (inshore) are also not considered, due to differences in satellite and terrestrial AIS with satellite AIS reception generally decreases closer to shore coupled by higher vessel density resulting in signal interference.
- The AIS reception quality estimates used to identify the insights are based on data for 2017- 2019 from Welch et al. (2022) while we work to automate monthly estimates from 2019 until present day.
- While the insight aims to provide ‘likely AIS disabling’ events, the insight is unable to confirm whether the gap events are intentional.
- We recommend referencing additional information sources and request supporting records from the vessel for comprehensive AIS gap events review.
",
- "insightsMOUList": "TOKYO AND/OR PARIS MOU LISTS
Overview
This insight tracks and details when the registry information on a vessel's identity indicates a flag record matching a flag on the Tokyo and/or Paris MOU Black or Grey lists based on your time range of interest. Adjust the end date of the time bar to present date to show the current vessel flag status; Extend time range to track historical changes.
Caveats
- Global Fishing Watch matches vessel identity data with over 40 public registries to validate an individual vessel and enable tracking of identity and activity changes throughout the vessel’s lifetime from construction to scrapping.
- The vessel identity insights rely solely on registry data. The insights do not consider AIS based vessel flag identity.
- The Tokyo and Paris MOU lists have been obtained consistently by GFW since mid-2021, and the insight is based on flag identity on and after 2021, not before.
- The data is maintained on an annual basis.
- While every attempt is made to ensure the insight provided is accurate and up-to-date, this cannot be guaranteed, particularly on any changes outside of the annual data update cycle.
",
- "insightsIUU": "Overview
This insight presents illegal, unreported and unregulated (IUU) listing status according to the official Regional Fisheries Management Organization (RFMO) IUU vessel lists. A vessel is defined as ‘currently listed’ if they were present on an RFMO IUU vessel list during your time range of interest. To view the vessel’s latest status, please adjust the end date of the timebar to the present date. Vessels that were on the RFMO IUU list in the past and have since been delisted (for example because of a change in ownership, or because the vessel is no longer in service), or have never been listed are indicated as ‘not listed’.
Caveats
- This insight is kept up-to-date periodically since 2017.
- The insight includes data from 13 official RFMO IUU vessel lists* only. Vessels that have a history of suspected or proven IUU or other non-compliance, but have never been listed by the relevant RFMOs will not be flagged here.
- IUU-listed and IUU-engaged vessels tend to change identities, locations, and operations frequently to evade detection. While every attempt is made to ensure the insight provided is accurate and up-to-date, this cannot be guaranteed due to delays, reporting or administrative errors resulting in incorrect display of information at the RFMO and/or in this Global Fishing Watch insight.
- Global Fishing Watch recommends to always refer to additional data sources, including verification of the original data source*, and/or request additional records from a vessel to confirm any findings.
* The 13 RFMO IUU vessel lists considered for this insight include: (Date source: TMT Combined IUU Vessel List )
- Commission for the Conservation of Antarctic Marine Living Resources (CCAMLR)
- Commission for the Conservation of Southern Bluefin Tuna (CCSBT)
- General Fisheries Commission for the Mediterranean (GFCM)
- Inter-American Tropical Tuna Commission (IATTC)
- International Commission for the Conservation of Atlantic Tunas (ICCAT)
- Indian Ocean Tuna Commission (IOTC)
- Northwest Atlantic Fisheries Organisation (NAFO)
- North East Atlantic Fisheries Commission (NEAFC)
- North Pacific Fisheries Commission (NPFC)
- South East Atlantic Fisheries Organisation (SEAFO)
- South Pacific Regional Fisheries Management Organisation (SPRFMO)
- Southern Indian Ocean Fisheries Agreement (SIOFA)
- Western and Central Pacific Fisheries Commission (WCPFC)
"
+ "insightsCoverage": "Overview
The coverage metric is an estimate of how well a vessel’s activities outside of port, i.e. where it travelled and what it did, can be captured by the vessel’s AIS data for the time range of interest. A vessel’s AIS coverage metric is critical to interpreting vessel activity information. The higher the coverage percentage, the greater confidence on the accuracy of events listed to represent the vessel’s actual activities. To calculate the coverage metric, all voyages linked to a vessel in the selected time range are segmented into one hour blocks, and the proportion of each hour block a vessel in a voyage has at least one AIS transmission. An ‘N/A’ value could be due to no reported activity for the vessel in the selected time range. This could be of poor coverage, but may also be the result of inactivity e.g. the vessel undergoing maintenance. In these cases, we recommend you check additional information sources and request supporting records from the vessel.
Caveats
- As the AIS coverage metric is calculated based on voyages, eg. the vessel’s activity between port visits, coverage is reflective of the time and AIS reception quality while a vessel is active at sea rather than at port.
- Voyage is defined based on port visits (exit and entry). Any issue detecting port visits for a vessel may result in lower accuracy of the AIS coverage calculation.
- The coverage metric does not distinguish between a lack of activity (non-event) and poor transmission resulting in disability to detect a true event.
Learn more
Learn more about our work on transmission gaps
",
+ "insightsFishing": "Overview
Global Fishing Watch (GFW) analyzes and applies a fishing detection algorithm based on AIS data collected from vessels. Each AIS broadcast data point is classified as either “apparently fishing” or not fishing, and further reviewed to determine individual “fishing events”.
Based on the time range of interest, the following two insights are reviewed:
- Any apparent fishing events detected in areas with no known RFMO authorization
- Any apparent fishing events detected in no-take MPAs
Fishing in areas with no known RFMO authorization
GFW indicates any apparent fishing events in areas with no known RFMO authorization compiled from 7 Regional Fisheries Management Organisation (RFMO) lists*.
Caveats
- The insight covers the listed RFMO areas only*.
- The insight does not include national registration or licensing lists.
Fishing in no-take Marine Protected Areas (MPAs)
This insight is presented by cross-referencing any apparent fishing events in the boundaries of no-take MPAs (Source: World Database on Protected Areas ).
Caveats
- Events close to boundary lines may be reported as being inside an MPA boundary. We recommend that you check the vessel track positions on the map alongside adding the MPA layer to confirm exact operation.
- There may be variability in no-take MPA permissions and restrictions based on seasonal closures and gear restrictions.
General caveats
- Due to limited access to national databases, the insights do not consider other unknown authorizations e.g. seasonal closures, fishing authorisation within EEZs.
- All references to activity events (e.g. fishing), should be understood in the context of GFW's algorithms, which are best efforts to determine apparent fishing activity events based on AIS data collected.
- While the insights provide potential events, GFW recommends to visually inspect vessel tracks, always refer to additional information sources, and request records from a vessel to confirm any findings.
* The 7 RFMO lists considered for the authorization insight include:
- Commission for the Conservation of Southern Bluefin Tuna (CCSBT)
- Inter-American Tropical Tuna Commission (IATTC)
- International Commission for the Conservation of Atlantic Tunas (ICCAT)
- Indian Ocean Tuna Commission (IOTC)
- North Pacific Fisheries Commission (NPFC)
- South Pacific Regional Fisheries Management Organisation (SPRFMO)
- Western and Central Pacific Fisheries Commission (WCPFC)
Learn more
Learn more about how apparent fishing is estimated through Global Fishing Watch’s technology , and the difference between apparent fishing effort and fishing events. ",
+ "insightsFlagsChanges": "Overview
This insight tracks and details when the registry information available on a vessel indicates the vessel has been flagged to more than one unique flag state during the time range of interest, indicating a potential flag change. Adjust the end date of the time bar to present date to show the current vessel flag; Extend time range to track historical changes.
Caveats
- Global Fishing Watch matches vessel identity data with over 40 public registries to validate an individual vessel and enable tracking of identity and activity changes throughout the vessel’s lifetime from construction to scrapping.
- The vessel identity insights rely solely on registry data. The insights do not consider AIS based vessel flag identity.
- The quantity and quality of available registry data vary by flag state, thereby introducing uneven degrees of vessel identity information.
- Conflicts between information sources can occur leading to incorrect identification of vessel flags. This is more common for vessels not listed on public registries and vessels operating under multiple flags within a short time range.
- While every attempt is made to ensure the insight provided is accurate and up-to-date, this cannot be guaranteed, particularly on any changes outside of the monthly data update cycle.
Learn more
Global Fishing Watch works to offset the lack of public registry data by complementing with other data sources and advocating for transparency in regional and national fora. Learn more about:
Vessel identity and characterization ",
+ "insightsGaps": "Overview
AIS devices are designed to continually broadcast a vessel’s position to avoid collisions. Thus, when a vessel has an extended gap in AIS transmissions or positions, it can potentially indicate intentional AIS disabling or suspicious behavior.
The AIS off events insight is based on the time range of interest.
Global Fishing Watch records all AIS gap events over six hours, and then applies a set of filters below to identify those gaps we believe to be intentional AIS disabling rather than technical failures. The filter criteria for ‘likely disabling’ are:
- The gap event must be at least 12 hours;
- The gap must start at least 50 nautical miles (nm) from shore;
- The gap must start in an area with a satellite reception quality greater than 10 positions per day;
- The vessel must have at least 14 satellite positions in the 12 hours prior to the gap.
Caveats
- The dataset used to formulate this insight remains in prototype stage, which means it is still under quality assurance processes with possibility of data issues and may not include the most up-to-date data points or changes.
- Gaps outside of the above filter criteria (e.g. activity within 50 nm) are not recognised. Using this AIS off events insight to evaluate activity within 50 nm from shore for example would be uninformative and potentially misleading.
- Gaps shorter than 12 hours are not considered for this insight due to variability of satellite orbit timings.
- Gap events less than 50 nm from shore (inshore) are also not considered, due to differences in satellite and terrestrial AIS with satellite AIS reception generally decreases closer to shore coupled by higher vessel density resulting in signal interference.
- The AIS reception quality estimates used to identify the insights are based on data for 2017- 2019 from Welch et al. (2022) while we work to automate monthly estimates from 2019 until present day.
- While the insight aims to provide ‘likely AIS disabling’ events, the insight is unable to confirm whether the gap events are intentional.
- We recommend referencing additional information sources and request supporting records from the vessel for comprehensive AIS gap events review.
",
+ "insightsMOUList": "Overview
This insight tracks and details when the registry information on a vessel's identity indicates a flag record matching a flag on the Tokyo and/or Paris MOU Black or Grey lists based on your time range of interest. Adjust the end date of the time bar to present date to show the current vessel flag status; Extend time range to track historical changes.
Caveats
- Global Fishing Watch matches vessel identity data with over 40 public registries to validate an individual vessel and enable tracking of identity and activity changes throughout the vessel’s lifetime from construction to scrapping.
- The vessel identity insights rely solely on registry data. The insights do not consider AIS based vessel flag identity.
- The Tokyo and Paris MOU lists have been obtained consistently by GFW since mid-2021, and the insight is based on flag identity on and after 2021, not before.
- The data is maintained on an annual basis.
- While every attempt is made to ensure the insight provided is accurate and up-to-date, this cannot be guaranteed, particularly on any changes outside of the annual data update cycle.
",
+ "insightsIUU": "Overview
This insight presents illegal, unreported and unregulated (IUU) listing status according to the official Regional Fisheries Management Organization (RFMO) IUU vessel lists. A vessel is defined as ‘currently listed’ if they were present on an RFMO IUU vessel list during your time range of interest. To view the vessel’s latest status, please adjust the end date of the timebar to the present date. Vessels that were on the RFMO IUU list in the past and have since been delisted (for example because of a change in ownership, or because the vessel is no longer in service), or have never been listed are indicated as ‘not listed’.
Caveats
- This insight is kept up-to-date periodically since 2017.
- The insight includes data from 13 official RFMO IUU vessel lists* only. Vessels that have a history of suspected or proven IUU or other non-compliance, but have never been listed by the relevant RFMOs will not be flagged here.
- IUU-listed and IUU-engaged vessels tend to change identities, locations, and operations frequently to evade detection. While every attempt is made to ensure the insight provided is accurate and up-to-date, this cannot be guaranteed due to delays, reporting or administrative errors resulting in incorrect display of information at the RFMO and/or in this Global Fishing Watch insight.
- Global Fishing Watch recommends to always refer to additional data sources, including verification of the original data source*, and/or request additional records from a vessel to confirm any findings.
* The 13 RFMO IUU vessel lists considered for this insight include: (Date source: TMT Combined IUU Vessel List )
- Commission for the Conservation of Antarctic Marine Living Resources (CCAMLR)
- Commission for the Conservation of Southern Bluefin Tuna (CCSBT)
- General Fisheries Commission for the Mediterranean (GFCM)
- Inter-American Tropical Tuna Commission (IATTC)
- International Commission for the Conservation of Atlantic Tunas (ICCAT)
- Indian Ocean Tuna Commission (IOTC)
- Northwest Atlantic Fisheries Organisation (NAFO)
- North East Atlantic Fisheries Commission (NEAFC)
- North Pacific Fisheries Commission (NPFC)
- South East Atlantic Fisheries Organisation (SEAFO)
- South Pacific Regional Fisheries Management Organisation (SPRFMO)
- Southern Indian Ocean Fisheries Agreement (SIOFA)
- Western and Central Pacific Fisheries Commission (WCPFC)
"
}
diff --git a/apps/fishing-map/public/locales/es/translations.json b/apps/fishing-map/public/locales/es/translations.json
index 21ae219386..1a943225db 100644
--- a/apps/fishing-map/public/locales/es/translations.json
+++ b/apps/fishing-map/public/locales/es/translations.json
@@ -811,7 +811,7 @@
"flagChanges": "Flag changes",
"flagChangesCount": "{{count}} flag changes",
"flagChangesEmpty": "No flag changes",
- "MOULists": "MOU Lists",
+ "MOULists": "Tokyo and Paris MOU Lists",
"MOUListsEmpty": "Flying under a flag/flags not present on the Tokio or Paris MOU black or grey lists",
"MOUParisListsCount": "Flag present on the Paris MOU black or grey list ({{flags}})",
"MOUTokyoListsCount": "Flag present on the Tokyo MOU black or grey list ({{flags}})",
diff --git a/apps/fishing-map/public/locales/fr/data-terminology.json b/apps/fishing-map/public/locales/fr/data-terminology.json
index 93602ed217..15e4756d61 100644
--- a/apps/fishing-map/public/locales/fr/data-terminology.json
+++ b/apps/fishing-map/public/locales/fr/data-terminology.json
@@ -9,10 +9,10 @@
"encounter": "Overview
- Encounter events describe when AIS data shows two vessels that appear to be meeting at sea. Encounter events can be indicative of potential transshipment events.
- Global Fishing Watch records an event as an encounter when two vessels are detected within 500 meters of each other for at least 2 hours, travelling at a median speed of less than 2 knots, whilst at least 10 kilometers (5.4 nautical miles) from a coastal anchorage.
- Currently, encounter events are shown between carrier and fishing vessels and support and fishing vessels. In the future, encounters between other vessel types may be displayed.
- View details on the encounter, such as location of the event and details of the encountered vessel, by clicking on the ‘i’ icon associated with the encounter.
Caveats
- There may be many other reasons (i.e. not transhipment activity) why two vessels encounter each other at sea. Vessels may have encounters to exchange equipment or for crew safety.
- Given the different reasons that vessels may meet at sea, these events are intended to support further review of activity and should not be used in isolation.
- Sometimes transhipment events fall below the criteria used to define an encounter event, and therefore may not appear in our data. It is important to corroborate encounter events with other sources of information, such as RFMO transhipment records.
- If transmission data is poor, the average location can be inconsistent with the vessel track and the event may appear slightly alongside the track.
- Not all encounters are shown in vessel viewer. Currently, encounter events are shown between carrier and fishing vessels and support and fishing vessels. In the future, encounters between other vessel types may be displayed.
Learn more
You can read more about transshipment behaviour from our report scientific publication.
",
"loitering": "Vue d'ensemble
- Les événements de dérive sont enregistrés lorsqu'un navire présente des signes de rencontres potentielles ou de rencontre avec un autre navire en mer, mais qu'aucun deuxième navire n'est détecté.
- Les événements de dérive sont basés sur la vitesse et la distance par rapport au rivage.
- Un événement de dérive est enregistré lorsqu'un navire se déplace à une vitesse moyenne inférieure à 2 nœuds à au moins 20 milles marins (37,04 kilomètres) du rivage.
- Il peut y avoir de nombreuses raisons pour lesquelles un événement de dérive est enregistré, les résultats doivent donc être interprétés avec prudence.
Mises en garde
- Il peut y avoir de nombreuses raisons pour lesquelles un navire ralentit en s'éloignant du rivage.
- Les événements de dérive sont indicatifs et le navire peut ne pas rencontrer d'autres navires au moment de l'événement.
- D'autres événements dans lesquels un navire peut rester assez stationnaire ou se déplacer lentement incluent la maintenance, le mauvais temps ou l'attente des instructions du propriétaire.
- Les événements de dérive des navires de pêche peuvent être associés au comportement de pêche normal, car les navires de pêche se déplacent souvent lentement pendant les opérations de pêche.
- En raison des définitions individuelles des événements de dérive et des événements de rencontre, il est possible qu'un événement de dérive chevauche un événement de rencontre, représentant la même activité, ou l'événement de dérive peut englober un ou plusieurs événements de rencontre.
- Si les données de transmission sont médiocres, l'emplacement moyen peut ne pas correspondre à la trajectoire du navire et l'événement peut apparaître légèrement à côté du tracé.
",
"fishing": "Présentation
- Global Fishing Watch analyse les données AIS collectées auprès des navires que nos recherches ont identifiés comme étant des navires de pêche connus ou potentiels, et applique un algorithme de détection de pêche pour déterminer « l'activité de pêche apparente » en fonction de changements dans la vitesse et la direction du navire.
- Notre modèle d'apprentissage automatique classe chaque point de données AIS diffusé pour ces navires comme étant apparemment en train de pêcher ou ne pêchant pas.
- Les événements de pêche utilisent ces points de données comme entrée et les résument en un seul événement pour une analyse plus facile.
- Un événement de pêche est défini lorsque :
- Les positions de pêche apparaissent consécutivement et sont séparées de moins de 10 kilomètres ou 2 heures ; et,
- Les positions de pêche dans une plage de temps d'une heure et un rayon de deux kilomètres d'un autre événement de pêche sont regroupées en un seul événement.
- L'ensemble de données est en outre restreint en supprimant les événements de pêche qui sont brefs et rapides, car ils sont moins susceptibles d'indiquer un événement de pêche réaliste. Les événements de pêche courts suivants sont supprimés :
- Événements d'une durée inférieure à 20 minutes ;
- Événements comprenant cinq positions de pêche ou moins ;
- Événements qui couvrent une distance de moins de 0,5 km (pour tous les engins, à l'exception des engins estimés cibler le calmar) ;
- Événements couvrant une distance inférieure à 50 m (pour les engins de pêche estimés cibler le calmar ) ; et
- Événements de navires se déplaçant anormalement rapidement avec une vitesse moyenne du navire de 10 nœuds ou plus.
Mises en garde
- Des faux résultats positifs peuvent apparaître dans l'ensemble de données lorsque les navires ralentissent et changent de direction, mais ne sont pas engagés dans une activité de pêche.
- Notre modèle d'apprentissage automatique est plus efficace pour prédire certains types de pêche (par exemple, le chalutage et la palangre) par rapport à d'autres types de pêche qui n'étaient peut-être pas aussi présents dans les données utilisées pour entraîner le modèle d'apprentissage automatique
- La plupart des dispositifs AIS appartiennent à l'une des trois « classes » : classe A, classe B et classe B+. Les appareils de classe A diffusent avec une puissance plus élevée et diffusent la position d’un navire plus fréquemment. Les appareils de classe B et B+ de faible puissance sont détectés moins fréquemment par les satellites et il peut donc sembler qu'il y ait moins d'activité de pêche dans les zones où ils sont principalement utilisés.
- Outre les zones à faible couverture satellite, les zones à forte densité de trafic maritime peuvent également limiter le nombre de signaux traités, notamment liés aux systèmes AIS de classe B (ou B+). Cela peut conduire à une activité réduite ou sous-estimée des navires dans la carte ou les données de Global Fishing Watch dans ces zones.
En savoir plus
En savoir plus sur notre estimation de l'effort de pêche apparent.",
- "insightsCoverage": "Overview
The coverage metric is an estimate of how well a vessel’s activities outside of port, i.e. where it travelled and what it did, can be captured by the vessel’s AIS data for the time range of interest. A vessel’s AIS coverage metric is critical to interpreting vessel activity information. The higher the coverage percentage, the greater confidence on the accuracy of events listed to represent the vessel’s actual activities. To calculate the coverage metric, all voyages linked to a vessel in the selected time range are segmented into one hour blocks, and the proportion of each hour block a vessel in a voyage has at least one AIS transmission. An ‘N/A’ value could be due to no reported activity for the vessel in the selected time range. This could be of poor coverage, but may also be the result of inactivity e.g. the vessel undergoing maintenance. In these cases, we recommend you check additional information sources and request supporting records from the vessel.
Caveats
- As the AIS coverage metric is calculated based on voyages, eg. the vessel’s activity between port visits, coverage is reflective of the time and AIS reception quality while a vessel is active at sea rather than at port.
- Voyage is defined based on port visits (exit and entry). Any issue detecting port visits for a vessel may result in lower accuracy of the AIS coverage calculation.
- The coverage metric does not distinguish between a lack of activity (non-event) and poor transmission resulting in disability to detect a true event.
Learn more
Learn more about our work on transmission gaps
",
- "insightsFishing": "Overview
Global Fishing Watch (GFW) analyzes and applies a fishing detection algorithm based on AIS data collected from vessels. Each AIS broadcast data point is classified as either “apparently fishing” or not fishing, and further reviewed to determine individual “fishing events”.
Based on the time range of interest, the following two insights are reviewed:
- Any apparent fishing events detected in areas with no known RFMO authorization
- Any apparent fishing events detected in no-take MPAs
Fishing in areas with no known RFMO authorization
GFW indicates any apparent fishing events in areas with no known RFMO authorization compiled from 7 Regional Fisheries Management Organisation (RFMO) lists*.
Caveats
- The insight covers the listed RFMO areas only*.
- The insight does not include national registration or licensing lists.
Fishing in no-take Marine Protected Areas (MPAs)
This insight is presented by cross-referencing any apparent fishing events in the boundaries of no-take MPAs (Source: World Database on Protected Areas ).
Caveats
- Events close to boundary lines may be reported as being inside an MPA boundary. We recommend that you check the vessel track positions on the map alongside adding the MPA layer to confirm exact operation.
- There may be variability in no-take MPA permissions and restrictions based on seasonal closures and gear restrictions.
General caveats
- Due to limited access to national databases, the insights do not consider other unknown authorizations e.g. seasonal closures, fishing authorisation within EEZs.
- All references to activity events (e.g. fishing), should be understood in the context of GFW's algorithms, which are best efforts to determine apparent fishing activity events based on AIS data collected.
- While the insights provide potential events, GFW recommends to visually inspect vessel tracks, always refer to additional information sources, and request records from a vessel to confirm any findings.
* The 7 RFMO lists considered for the authorization insight include:
- Commission for the Conservation of Southern Bluefin Tuna (CCSBT)
- Inter-American Tropical Tuna Commission (IATTC)
- International Commission for the Conservation of Atlantic Tunas (ICCAT)
- Indian Ocean Tuna Commission (IOTC)
- North Pacific Fisheries Commission (NPFC)
- South Pacific Regional Fisheries Management Organisation (SPRFMO)
- Western and Central Pacific Fisheries Commission (WCPFC)
Learn more
Learn more about how apparent fishing is estimated through Global Fishing Watch’s technology , and the difference between apparent fishing effort and fishing events. ",
- "insightsFlagsChanges": "Overview
This insight tracks and details when the registry information available on a vessel indicates the vessel has been flagged to more than one unique flag state during the time range of interest, indicating a potential flag change. Adjust the end date of the time bar to present date to show the current vessel flag; Extend time range to track historical changes.
Caveats
- Global Fishing Watch matches vessel identity data with over 40 public registries to validate an individual vessel and enable tracking of identity and activity changes throughout the vessel’s lifetime from construction to scrapping.
- The vessel identity insights rely solely on registry data. The insights do not consider AIS based vessel flag identity.
- The quantity and quality of available registry data vary by flag state, thereby introducing uneven degrees of vessel identity information.
- Conflicts between information sources can occur leading to incorrect identification of vessel flags. This is more common for vessels not listed on public registries and vessels operating under multiple flags within a short time range.
- While every attempt is made to ensure the insight provided is accurate and up-to-date, this cannot be guaranteed, particularly on any changes outside of the monthly data update cycle.
Learn more
Global Fishing Watch works to offset the lack of public registry data by complementing with other data sources and advocating for transparency in regional and national fora. Learn more about:
Vessel identity and characterization ",
- "insightsGaps": "Overview
AIS devices are designed to continually broadcast a vessel’s position to avoid collisions. Thus, when a vessel has an extended gap in AIS transmissions or positions, it can potentially indicate intentional AIS disabling or suspicious behavior.
The AIS off events insight is based on the time range of interest.
Global Fishing Watch records all AIS gap events over six hours, and then applies a set of filters below to identify those gaps we believe to be intentional AIS disabling rather than technical failures. The filter criteria for ‘likely disabling’ are:
- The gap event must be at least 12 hours;
- The gap must start at least 50 nautical miles (nm) from shore;
- The gap must start in an area with a satellite reception quality greater than 10 positions per day;
- The vessel must have at least 14 satellite positions in the 12 hours prior to the gap.
Caveats
- The dataset used to formulate this insight remains in prototype stage, which means it is still under quality assurance processes with possibility of data issues and may not include the most up-to-date data points or changes.
- Gaps outside of the above filter criteria (e.g. activity within 50 nm) are not recognised. Using this AIS off events insight to evaluate activity within 50 nm from shore for example would be uninformative and potentially misleading.
- Gaps shorter than 12 hours are not considered for this insight due to variability of satellite orbit timings.
- Gap events less than 50 nm from shore (inshore) are also not considered, due to differences in satellite and terrestrial AIS with satellite AIS reception generally decreases closer to shore coupled by higher vessel density resulting in signal interference.
- The AIS reception quality estimates used to identify the insights are based on data for 2017- 2019 from Welch et al. (2022) while we work to automate monthly estimates from 2019 until present day.
- While the insight aims to provide ‘likely AIS disabling’ events, the insight is unable to confirm whether the gap events are intentional.
- We recommend referencing additional information sources and request supporting records from the vessel for comprehensive AIS gap events review.
",
- "insightsMOUList": "TOKYO AND/OR PARIS MOU LISTS
Overview
This insight tracks and details when the registry information on a vessel's identity indicates a flag record matching a flag on the Tokyo and/or Paris MOU Black or Grey lists based on your time range of interest. Adjust the end date of the time bar to present date to show the current vessel flag status; Extend time range to track historical changes.
Caveats
- Global Fishing Watch matches vessel identity data with over 40 public registries to validate an individual vessel and enable tracking of identity and activity changes throughout the vessel’s lifetime from construction to scrapping.
- The vessel identity insights rely solely on registry data. The insights do not consider AIS based vessel flag identity.
- The Tokyo and Paris MOU lists have been obtained consistently by GFW since mid-2021, and the insight is based on flag identity on and after 2021, not before.
- The data is maintained on an annual basis.
- While every attempt is made to ensure the insight provided is accurate and up-to-date, this cannot be guaranteed, particularly on any changes outside of the annual data update cycle.
",
- "insightsIUU": "Overview
This insight presents illegal, unreported and unregulated (IUU) listing status according to the official Regional Fisheries Management Organization (RFMO) IUU vessel lists. A vessel is defined as ‘currently listed’ if they were present on an RFMO IUU vessel list during your time range of interest. To view the vessel’s latest status, please adjust the end date of the timebar to the present date. Vessels that were on the RFMO IUU list in the past and have since been delisted (for example because of a change in ownership, or because the vessel is no longer in service), or have never been listed are indicated as ‘not listed’.
Caveats
- This insight is kept up-to-date periodically since 2017.
- The insight includes data from 13 official RFMO IUU vessel lists* only. Vessels that have a history of suspected or proven IUU or other non-compliance, but have never been listed by the relevant RFMOs will not be flagged here.
- IUU-listed and IUU-engaged vessels tend to change identities, locations, and operations frequently to evade detection. While every attempt is made to ensure the insight provided is accurate and up-to-date, this cannot be guaranteed due to delays, reporting or administrative errors resulting in incorrect display of information at the RFMO and/or in this Global Fishing Watch insight.
- Global Fishing Watch recommends to always refer to additional data sources, including verification of the original data source*, and/or request additional records from a vessel to confirm any findings.
* The 13 RFMO IUU vessel lists considered for this insight include: (Date source: TMT Combined IUU Vessel List )
- Commission for the Conservation of Antarctic Marine Living Resources (CCAMLR)
- Commission for the Conservation of Southern Bluefin Tuna (CCSBT)
- General Fisheries Commission for the Mediterranean (GFCM)
- Inter-American Tropical Tuna Commission (IATTC)
- International Commission for the Conservation of Atlantic Tunas (ICCAT)
- Indian Ocean Tuna Commission (IOTC)
- Northwest Atlantic Fisheries Organisation (NAFO)
- North East Atlantic Fisheries Commission (NEAFC)
- North Pacific Fisheries Commission (NPFC)
- South East Atlantic Fisheries Organisation (SEAFO)
- South Pacific Regional Fisheries Management Organisation (SPRFMO)
- Southern Indian Ocean Fisheries Agreement (SIOFA)
- Western and Central Pacific Fisheries Commission (WCPFC)
"
+ "insightsCoverage": "Overview
The coverage metric is an estimate of how well a vessel’s activities outside of port, i.e. where it travelled and what it did, can be captured by the vessel’s AIS data for the time range of interest. A vessel’s AIS coverage metric is critical to interpreting vessel activity information. The higher the coverage percentage, the greater confidence on the accuracy of events listed to represent the vessel’s actual activities. To calculate the coverage metric, all voyages linked to a vessel in the selected time range are segmented into one hour blocks, and the proportion of each hour block a vessel in a voyage has at least one AIS transmission. An ‘N/A’ value could be due to no reported activity for the vessel in the selected time range. This could be of poor coverage, but may also be the result of inactivity e.g. the vessel undergoing maintenance. In these cases, we recommend you check additional information sources and request supporting records from the vessel.
Caveats
- As the AIS coverage metric is calculated based on voyages, eg. the vessel’s activity between port visits, coverage is reflective of the time and AIS reception quality while a vessel is active at sea rather than at port.
- Voyage is defined based on port visits (exit and entry). Any issue detecting port visits for a vessel may result in lower accuracy of the AIS coverage calculation.
- The coverage metric does not distinguish between a lack of activity (non-event) and poor transmission resulting in disability to detect a true event.
Learn more
Learn more about our work on transmission gaps
",
+ "insightsFishing": "Overview
Global Fishing Watch (GFW) analyzes and applies a fishing detection algorithm based on AIS data collected from vessels. Each AIS broadcast data point is classified as either “apparently fishing” or not fishing, and further reviewed to determine individual “fishing events”.
Based on the time range of interest, the following two insights are reviewed:
- Any apparent fishing events detected in areas with no known RFMO authorization
- Any apparent fishing events detected in no-take MPAs
Fishing in areas with no known RFMO authorization
GFW indicates any apparent fishing events in areas with no known RFMO authorization compiled from 7 Regional Fisheries Management Organisation (RFMO) lists*.
Caveats
- The insight covers the listed RFMO areas only*.
- The insight does not include national registration or licensing lists.
Fishing in no-take Marine Protected Areas (MPAs)
This insight is presented by cross-referencing any apparent fishing events in the boundaries of no-take MPAs (Source: World Database on Protected Areas ).
Caveats
- Events close to boundary lines may be reported as being inside an MPA boundary. We recommend that you check the vessel track positions on the map alongside adding the MPA layer to confirm exact operation.
- There may be variability in no-take MPA permissions and restrictions based on seasonal closures and gear restrictions.
General caveats
- Due to limited access to national databases, the insights do not consider other unknown authorizations e.g. seasonal closures, fishing authorisation within EEZs.
- All references to activity events (e.g. fishing), should be understood in the context of GFW's algorithms, which are best efforts to determine apparent fishing activity events based on AIS data collected.
- While the insights provide potential events, GFW recommends to visually inspect vessel tracks, always refer to additional information sources, and request records from a vessel to confirm any findings.
* The 7 RFMO lists considered for the authorization insight include:
- Commission for the Conservation of Southern Bluefin Tuna (CCSBT)
- Inter-American Tropical Tuna Commission (IATTC)
- International Commission for the Conservation of Atlantic Tunas (ICCAT)
- Indian Ocean Tuna Commission (IOTC)
- North Pacific Fisheries Commission (NPFC)
- South Pacific Regional Fisheries Management Organisation (SPRFMO)
- Western and Central Pacific Fisheries Commission (WCPFC)
Learn more
Learn more about how apparent fishing is estimated through Global Fishing Watch’s technology , and the difference between apparent fishing effort and fishing events. ",
+ "insightsFlagsChanges": "Overview
This insight tracks and details when the registry information available on a vessel indicates the vessel has been flagged to more than one unique flag state during the time range of interest, indicating a potential flag change. Adjust the end date of the time bar to present date to show the current vessel flag; Extend time range to track historical changes.
Caveats
- Global Fishing Watch matches vessel identity data with over 40 public registries to validate an individual vessel and enable tracking of identity and activity changes throughout the vessel’s lifetime from construction to scrapping.
- The vessel identity insights rely solely on registry data. The insights do not consider AIS based vessel flag identity.
- The quantity and quality of available registry data vary by flag state, thereby introducing uneven degrees of vessel identity information.
- Conflicts between information sources can occur leading to incorrect identification of vessel flags. This is more common for vessels not listed on public registries and vessels operating under multiple flags within a short time range.
- While every attempt is made to ensure the insight provided is accurate and up-to-date, this cannot be guaranteed, particularly on any changes outside of the monthly data update cycle.
Learn more
Global Fishing Watch works to offset the lack of public registry data by complementing with other data sources and advocating for transparency in regional and national fora. Learn more about:
Vessel identity and characterization ",
+ "insightsGaps": "Overview
AIS devices are designed to continually broadcast a vessel’s position to avoid collisions. Thus, when a vessel has an extended gap in AIS transmissions or positions, it can potentially indicate intentional AIS disabling or suspicious behavior.
The AIS off events insight is based on the time range of interest.
Global Fishing Watch records all AIS gap events over six hours, and then applies a set of filters below to identify those gaps we believe to be intentional AIS disabling rather than technical failures. The filter criteria for ‘likely disabling’ are:
- The gap event must be at least 12 hours;
- The gap must start at least 50 nautical miles (nm) from shore;
- The gap must start in an area with a satellite reception quality greater than 10 positions per day;
- The vessel must have at least 14 satellite positions in the 12 hours prior to the gap.
Caveats
- The dataset used to formulate this insight remains in prototype stage, which means it is still under quality assurance processes with possibility of data issues and may not include the most up-to-date data points or changes.
- Gaps outside of the above filter criteria (e.g. activity within 50 nm) are not recognised. Using this AIS off events insight to evaluate activity within 50 nm from shore for example would be uninformative and potentially misleading.
- Gaps shorter than 12 hours are not considered for this insight due to variability of satellite orbit timings.
- Gap events less than 50 nm from shore (inshore) are also not considered, due to differences in satellite and terrestrial AIS with satellite AIS reception generally decreases closer to shore coupled by higher vessel density resulting in signal interference.
- The AIS reception quality estimates used to identify the insights are based on data for 2017- 2019 from Welch et al. (2022) while we work to automate monthly estimates from 2019 until present day.
- While the insight aims to provide ‘likely AIS disabling’ events, the insight is unable to confirm whether the gap events are intentional.
- We recommend referencing additional information sources and request supporting records from the vessel for comprehensive AIS gap events review.
",
+ "insightsMOUList": "Overview
This insight tracks and details when the registry information on a vessel's identity indicates a flag record matching a flag on the Tokyo and/or Paris MOU Black or Grey lists based on your time range of interest. Adjust the end date of the time bar to present date to show the current vessel flag status; Extend time range to track historical changes.
Caveats
- Global Fishing Watch matches vessel identity data with over 40 public registries to validate an individual vessel and enable tracking of identity and activity changes throughout the vessel’s lifetime from construction to scrapping.
- The vessel identity insights rely solely on registry data. The insights do not consider AIS based vessel flag identity.
- The Tokyo and Paris MOU lists have been obtained consistently by GFW since mid-2021, and the insight is based on flag identity on and after 2021, not before.
- The data is maintained on an annual basis.
- While every attempt is made to ensure the insight provided is accurate and up-to-date, this cannot be guaranteed, particularly on any changes outside of the annual data update cycle.
",
+ "insightsIUU": "Overview
This insight presents illegal, unreported and unregulated (IUU) listing status according to the official Regional Fisheries Management Organization (RFMO) IUU vessel lists. A vessel is defined as ‘currently listed’ if they were present on an RFMO IUU vessel list during your time range of interest. To view the vessel’s latest status, please adjust the end date of the timebar to the present date. Vessels that were on the RFMO IUU list in the past and have since been delisted (for example because of a change in ownership, or because the vessel is no longer in service), or have never been listed are indicated as ‘not listed’.
Caveats
- This insight is kept up-to-date periodically since 2017.
- The insight includes data from 13 official RFMO IUU vessel lists* only. Vessels that have a history of suspected or proven IUU or other non-compliance, but have never been listed by the relevant RFMOs will not be flagged here.
- IUU-listed and IUU-engaged vessels tend to change identities, locations, and operations frequently to evade detection. While every attempt is made to ensure the insight provided is accurate and up-to-date, this cannot be guaranteed due to delays, reporting or administrative errors resulting in incorrect display of information at the RFMO and/or in this Global Fishing Watch insight.
- Global Fishing Watch recommends to always refer to additional data sources, including verification of the original data source*, and/or request additional records from a vessel to confirm any findings.
* The 13 RFMO IUU vessel lists considered for this insight include: (Date source: TMT Combined IUU Vessel List )
- Commission for the Conservation of Antarctic Marine Living Resources (CCAMLR)
- Commission for the Conservation of Southern Bluefin Tuna (CCSBT)
- General Fisheries Commission for the Mediterranean (GFCM)
- Inter-American Tropical Tuna Commission (IATTC)
- International Commission for the Conservation of Atlantic Tunas (ICCAT)
- Indian Ocean Tuna Commission (IOTC)
- Northwest Atlantic Fisheries Organisation (NAFO)
- North East Atlantic Fisheries Commission (NEAFC)
- North Pacific Fisheries Commission (NPFC)
- South East Atlantic Fisheries Organisation (SEAFO)
- South Pacific Regional Fisheries Management Organisation (SPRFMO)
- Southern Indian Ocean Fisheries Agreement (SIOFA)
- Western and Central Pacific Fisheries Commission (WCPFC)
"
}
diff --git a/apps/fishing-map/public/locales/fr/translations.json b/apps/fishing-map/public/locales/fr/translations.json
index eeea0b8f8c..5a5ef9d290 100644
--- a/apps/fishing-map/public/locales/fr/translations.json
+++ b/apps/fishing-map/public/locales/fr/translations.json
@@ -811,7 +811,7 @@
"flagChanges": "Flag changes",
"flagChangesCount": "{{count}} flag changes",
"flagChangesEmpty": "No flag changes",
- "MOULists": "MOU Lists",
+ "MOULists": "Tokyo and Paris MOU Lists",
"MOUListsEmpty": "Flying under a flag/flags not present on the Tokio or Paris MOU black or grey lists",
"MOUParisListsCount": "Flag present on the Paris MOU black or grey list ({{flags}})",
"MOUTokyoListsCount": "Flag present on the Tokyo MOU black or grey list ({{flags}})",
diff --git a/apps/fishing-map/public/locales/id/data-terminology.json b/apps/fishing-map/public/locales/id/data-terminology.json
index b0083a6af7..5277b2f12d 100644
--- a/apps/fishing-map/public/locales/id/data-terminology.json
+++ b/apps/fishing-map/public/locales/id/data-terminology.json
@@ -9,10 +9,10 @@
"encounter": "Penjelasan Umum
- Peristiwa pertemuan mendeskripsikan ketika data AIS menunjukkan dua kapal tampak bertemu di laut. Peristiwa pertemuan dapat menandakan kemungkinan adanya peristiwa alih muat (transshipment).
- Global Fishing Watch mencatat peristiwa pertemuan apabila dua kapal terdeteksi dalam jarak 500 meter satu sama lain selama minimal 2 jam, dan bergerak dengan kecepatan rata-rata kurang dari 2 knot, sementara berada setidaknya 10 kilometer (5,4 mil laut) dari titik berlabuh di pantai.
- Saat ini, peristiwa pertemuan ditampilkan antara kapal pengangkut dan kapal penangkap ikan serta kapal pendukung dan kapal penangkap ikan. Pertemuan antara jenis kapal lain mungkin ditampilkan nantinya.
- Lihat detail pertemuan, seperti lokasi peristiwa dan detail kapal yang ditemui, dengan mengklik ikon “i” yang terkait dengan pertemuan.
Peringatan
- Mungkin ada banyak alasan lain (misalnya, bukan aktivitas alih muat) yang menyebabkan dua kapal saling bertemu di laut. Kapal mungkin bertemu untuk bertukar peralatan atau untuk keselamatan awak.
- Mengingat adanya berbagai alasan kapal-kapal bertemu di laut, pencatatan peristiwa pertemuan dimaksudkan agar aktivitas kapal ditinjau lebih lanjut dan tidak semestinya digunakan secara terpisah.
- Terkadang peristiwa alih muat tidak memenuhi kriteria yang digunakan untuk menentukan peristiwa pertemuan, sehingga mungkin tidak muncul dalam data kami. Sangatlah penting untuk memastikan terjadinya peristiwa pertemuan dengan sumber informasi lain, seperti catatan alih muat RFMO.
- Jika data transmisinya buruk, lokasi rerata mungkin tidak konsisten dengan lintasan kapal sehingga pencatatan peristiwa mungkin tampak tidak sesuai dengan lintasannya.
- Tidak semua pertemuan ditampilkan di peninjau kapal. Saat ini, peristiwa pertemuan ditampilkan antara kapal pengangkut dan kapal penangkap ikan serta kapal pendukung dan kapal penangkap ikan. Pertemuan antara jenis kapal lain mungkin ditampilkan nantinya.
Pelajari lebih lanjut
Anda dapat membaca lebih lanjut tentang perilaku alih muat dalam laporan publikasi ilmiah kami.
",
"loitering": "Penjelasan Umum
- Peristiwa berkeliaran dicatat ketika satu kapal menunjukkan tanda-tanda kemungkinan bertemu, atau bertemu dengan kapal lain di laut, tetapi tidak ada kapal kedua yang terdeteksi.
- Peristiwa berkeliaran didasarkan pada kecepatan dan jarak dari pantai.
- Peristiwa berkeliaran tercatat ketika kapal bergerak dengan kecepatan rata-rata kurang dari 2 knot di atas jarak 20 mil laut (37,04 kilometer) dari pantai.
- Ada banyak alasan yang menyebabkan peristiwa berkeliaran dicatat, sehingga hasil harus ditafsirkan dengan hati-hati.
Peringatan
- Ada banyak alasan yang menyebabkan kapal melambat saat menjauhi pantai.
- Peristiwa berkeliaran bersifat indikatif, dan kapal mungkin tidak bertemu dengan kapal lain pada saat peristiwa tersebut terjadi.
- Dalam peristiwa lain, kapal yang relatif tidak bergerak atau bergerak lambat mungkin disebabkan oleh adanya pemeliharaan, cuaca buruk, atau karena sedang menunggu instruksi dari pemilik.
- Peristiwa berkeliarannya kapal penangkap ikan mungkin berhubungan dengan perilaku penangkapan ikan yang normal, karena kapal penangkap ikan sering kali bergerak lambat selama penangkapan ikan.
- Karena peristiwa berkeliaran dan peristiwa pertemuan mempunyai definisinya masing-masing, peristiwa berkeliaran mungkin tumpang tindih dengan peristiwa pertemuan sehingga merepresentasikan aktivitas yang sama. Peristiwa berkeliaran juga bisa mencakup satu atau lebih dari satu peristiwa pertemuan.
- Jika data transmisinya buruk, lokasi rerata mungkin tidak konsisten dengan lintasan kapal sehingga pencatatan peristiwa mungkin tampak tidak sesuai dengan lintasannya.
",
"fishing": "Penjelasan Umum
- Global Fishing Watch menganalisis data AIS yang dikumpulkan dari kapal-kapal yang menurut penelitian kami telah diidentifikasi sebagai kapal yang dikenal atau mungkin merupakan kapal penangkap ikan, kemudian menerapkan algoritma pendeteksi penangkapan ikan untuk menentukan “aktivitas penangkapan ikan yang terlihat” berdasarkan perubahan kecepatan dan arah kapal.
- Model pemelajaran mesin kami mengklasifikasikan setiap titik data siaran AIS untuk kapal-kapal ini sebagai kapal yang kelihatannya menangkap ikan atau tidak menangkap ikan.
- Peristiwa penangkapan ikan menggunakan titik data tersebut sebagai masukan dan merangkumnya menjadi satu peristiwa untuk memudahkan analisis.
- Peristiwa penangkapan ikan ditentukan apabila:
- Posisi penangkapan ikan muncul berturut-turut dan berjarak kurang dari 10 kilometer atau berselisih 2 jam; dan,
- Posisi penangkapan ikan dalam waktu 1 jam dan 2 kilometer dari peristiwa penangkapan ikan lainnya dikelompokkan menjadi satu peristiwa.
- Set data ini selanjutnya dibatasi dengan menghapus peristiwa penangkapan ikan yang berlangsung singkat dan cepat, karena peristiwa penangkapan ikan tersebut cenderung tidak menunjukkan peristiwa penangkapan ikan yang realistis. Peristiwa penangkapan ikan yang singkat berikut ini dihapus:
- Peristiwa berdurasi kurang dari 20 menit;
- Peristiwa terdiri atas lima posisi penangkapan ikan atau kurang;
- Peristiwa yang menempuh jarak kurang dari 0,5 km (untuk semua alat tangkap kecuali alat tangkap cumi-cumi yang diperkirakan);
- Peristiwa yang menempuh jarak kurang dari 50 m (untuk alat tangkap cumi-cumi yang diperkirakan); dan,
- Peristiwa kapal yang bergerak sangat cepat dengan kecepatan kapal rata-rata 10 knot atau lebih.
Peringatan
- Data positif palsu bisa muncul dalam set data ketika kapal melambat dan berubah arah, tetapi tidak terlibat dalam aktivitas penangkapan ikan.
- Model pemelajaran mesin kami lebih mampu memprediksi beberapa jenis penangkapan ikan (misalnya, pukat dan rawai) daripada jenis penangkapan ikan lainnya yang mungkin belum ada dalam data yang digunakan untuk melatih model pemelajaran mesin.
- Sebagian besar peranti AIS termasuk dalam salah satu dari tiga “kelas”: Kelas A, Kelas B, dan Kelas B+. Peranti Kelas A menyiarkan dengan kekuatan yang lebih kuat dan lebih sering menyiarkan posisi kapal. Peranti Kelas B dan B+ dengan watt yang lebih rendah lebih jarang terdeteksi oleh satelit, sehingga aktivitas penangkapan ikan terlihat lebih sedikit di area yang banyak menggunakan peranti tersebut.
- Selain area dengan jangkauan satelit yang rendah, area dengan kepadatan lalu lintas kapal yang tinggi juga dapat membatasi jumlah sinyal yang diproses, khususnya yang terkait dengan sistem AIS Kelas B (atau B+). Hal ini dapat menyebabkan berkurangnya atau terabaikannya aktivitas kapal dalam peta atau data Global Fishing Watch di area tersebut.
Pelajari lebih lanjut
Pelajari lebih lanjut tentang perkiraan upaya penangkapan ikan yang terlihat.",
- "insightsCoverage": "Overview
The coverage metric is an estimate of how well a vessel’s activities outside of port, i.e. where it travelled and what it did, can be captured by the vessel’s AIS data for the time range of interest. A vessel’s AIS coverage metric is critical to interpreting vessel activity information. The higher the coverage percentage, the greater confidence on the accuracy of events listed to represent the vessel’s actual activities. To calculate the coverage metric, all voyages linked to a vessel in the selected time range are segmented into one hour blocks, and the proportion of each hour block a vessel in a voyage has at least one AIS transmission. An ‘N/A’ value could be due to no reported activity for the vessel in the selected time range. This could be of poor coverage, but may also be the result of inactivity e.g. the vessel undergoing maintenance. In these cases, we recommend you check additional information sources and request supporting records from the vessel.
Caveats
- As the AIS coverage metric is calculated based on voyages, eg. the vessel’s activity between port visits, coverage is reflective of the time and AIS reception quality while a vessel is active at sea rather than at port.
- Voyage is defined based on port visits (exit and entry). Any issue detecting port visits for a vessel may result in lower accuracy of the AIS coverage calculation.
- The coverage metric does not distinguish between a lack of activity (non-event) and poor transmission resulting in disability to detect a true event.
Learn more
Learn more about our work on transmission gaps
",
- "insightsFishing": "Overview
Global Fishing Watch (GFW) analyzes and applies a fishing detection algorithm based on AIS data collected from vessels. Each AIS broadcast data point is classified as either “apparently fishing” or not fishing, and further reviewed to determine individual “fishing events”.
Based on the time range of interest, the following two insights are reviewed:
- Any apparent fishing events detected in areas with no known RFMO authorization
- Any apparent fishing events detected in no-take MPAs
Fishing in areas with no known RFMO authorization
GFW indicates any apparent fishing events in areas with no known RFMO authorization compiled from 7 Regional Fisheries Management Organisation (RFMO) lists*.
Caveats
- The insight covers the listed RFMO areas only*.
- The insight does not include national registration or licensing lists.
Fishing in no-take Marine Protected Areas (MPAs)
This insight is presented by cross-referencing any apparent fishing events in the boundaries of no-take MPAs (Source: World Database on Protected Areas ).
Caveats
- Events close to boundary lines may be reported as being inside an MPA boundary. We recommend that you check the vessel track positions on the map alongside adding the MPA layer to confirm exact operation.
- There may be variability in no-take MPA permissions and restrictions based on seasonal closures and gear restrictions.
General caveats
- Due to limited access to national databases, the insights do not consider other unknown authorizations e.g. seasonal closures, fishing authorisation within EEZs.
- All references to activity events (e.g. fishing), should be understood in the context of GFW's algorithms, which are best efforts to determine apparent fishing activity events based on AIS data collected.
- While the insights provide potential events, GFW recommends to visually inspect vessel tracks, always refer to additional information sources, and request records from a vessel to confirm any findings.
* The 7 RFMO lists considered for the authorization insight include:
- Commission for the Conservation of Southern Bluefin Tuna (CCSBT)
- Inter-American Tropical Tuna Commission (IATTC)
- International Commission for the Conservation of Atlantic Tunas (ICCAT)
- Indian Ocean Tuna Commission (IOTC)
- North Pacific Fisheries Commission (NPFC)
- South Pacific Regional Fisheries Management Organisation (SPRFMO)
- Western and Central Pacific Fisheries Commission (WCPFC)
Learn more
Learn more about how apparent fishing is estimated through Global Fishing Watch’s technology , and the difference between apparent fishing effort and fishing events. ",
- "insightsFlagsChanges": "Overview
This insight tracks and details when the registry information available on a vessel indicates the vessel has been flagged to more than one unique flag state during the time range of interest, indicating a potential flag change. Adjust the end date of the time bar to present date to show the current vessel flag; Extend time range to track historical changes.
Caveats
- Global Fishing Watch matches vessel identity data with over 40 public registries to validate an individual vessel and enable tracking of identity and activity changes throughout the vessel’s lifetime from construction to scrapping.
- The vessel identity insights rely solely on registry data. The insights do not consider AIS based vessel flag identity.
- The quantity and quality of available registry data vary by flag state, thereby introducing uneven degrees of vessel identity information.
- Conflicts between information sources can occur leading to incorrect identification of vessel flags. This is more common for vessels not listed on public registries and vessels operating under multiple flags within a short time range.
- While every attempt is made to ensure the insight provided is accurate and up-to-date, this cannot be guaranteed, particularly on any changes outside of the monthly data update cycle.
Learn more
Global Fishing Watch works to offset the lack of public registry data by complementing with other data sources and advocating for transparency in regional and national fora. Learn more about:
Vessel identity and characterization ",
- "insightsGaps": "Overview
AIS devices are designed to continually broadcast a vessel’s position to avoid collisions. Thus, when a vessel has an extended gap in AIS transmissions or positions, it can potentially indicate intentional AIS disabling or suspicious behavior.
The AIS off events insight is based on the time range of interest.
Global Fishing Watch records all AIS gap events over six hours, and then applies a set of filters below to identify those gaps we believe to be intentional AIS disabling rather than technical failures. The filter criteria for ‘likely disabling’ are:
- The gap event must be at least 12 hours;
- The gap must start at least 50 nautical miles (nm) from shore;
- The gap must start in an area with a satellite reception quality greater than 10 positions per day;
- The vessel must have at least 14 satellite positions in the 12 hours prior to the gap.
Caveats
- The dataset used to formulate this insight remains in prototype stage, which means it is still under quality assurance processes with possibility of data issues and may not include the most up-to-date data points or changes.
- Gaps outside of the above filter criteria (e.g. activity within 50 nm) are not recognised. Using this AIS off events insight to evaluate activity within 50 nm from shore for example would be uninformative and potentially misleading.
- Gaps shorter than 12 hours are not considered for this insight due to variability of satellite orbit timings.
- Gap events less than 50 nm from shore (inshore) are also not considered, due to differences in satellite and terrestrial AIS with satellite AIS reception generally decreases closer to shore coupled by higher vessel density resulting in signal interference.
- The AIS reception quality estimates used to identify the insights are based on data for 2017- 2019 from Welch et al. (2022) while we work to automate monthly estimates from 2019 until present day.
- While the insight aims to provide ‘likely AIS disabling’ events, the insight is unable to confirm whether the gap events are intentional.
- We recommend referencing additional information sources and request supporting records from the vessel for comprehensive AIS gap events review.
",
- "insightsMOUList": "TOKYO AND/OR PARIS MOU LISTS
Overview
This insight tracks and details when the registry information on a vessel's identity indicates a flag record matching a flag on the Tokyo and/or Paris MOU Black or Grey lists based on your time range of interest. Adjust the end date of the time bar to present date to show the current vessel flag status; Extend time range to track historical changes.
Caveats
- Global Fishing Watch matches vessel identity data with over 40 public registries to validate an individual vessel and enable tracking of identity and activity changes throughout the vessel’s lifetime from construction to scrapping.
- The vessel identity insights rely solely on registry data. The insights do not consider AIS based vessel flag identity.
- The Tokyo and Paris MOU lists have been obtained consistently by GFW since mid-2021, and the insight is based on flag identity on and after 2021, not before.
- The data is maintained on an annual basis.
- While every attempt is made to ensure the insight provided is accurate and up-to-date, this cannot be guaranteed, particularly on any changes outside of the annual data update cycle.
",
- "insightsIUU": "Overview
This insight presents illegal, unreported and unregulated (IUU) listing status according to the official Regional Fisheries Management Organization (RFMO) IUU vessel lists. A vessel is defined as ‘currently listed’ if they were present on an RFMO IUU vessel list during your time range of interest. To view the vessel’s latest status, please adjust the end date of the timebar to the present date. Vessels that were on the RFMO IUU list in the past and have since been delisted (for example because of a change in ownership, or because the vessel is no longer in service), or have never been listed are indicated as ‘not listed’.
Caveats
- This insight is kept up-to-date periodically since 2017.
- The insight includes data from 13 official RFMO IUU vessel lists* only. Vessels that have a history of suspected or proven IUU or other non-compliance, but have never been listed by the relevant RFMOs will not be flagged here.
- IUU-listed and IUU-engaged vessels tend to change identities, locations, and operations frequently to evade detection. While every attempt is made to ensure the insight provided is accurate and up-to-date, this cannot be guaranteed due to delays, reporting or administrative errors resulting in incorrect display of information at the RFMO and/or in this Global Fishing Watch insight.
- Global Fishing Watch recommends to always refer to additional data sources, including verification of the original data source*, and/or request additional records from a vessel to confirm any findings.
* The 13 RFMO IUU vessel lists considered for this insight include: (Date source: TMT Combined IUU Vessel List )
- Commission for the Conservation of Antarctic Marine Living Resources (CCAMLR)
- Commission for the Conservation of Southern Bluefin Tuna (CCSBT)
- General Fisheries Commission for the Mediterranean (GFCM)
- Inter-American Tropical Tuna Commission (IATTC)
- International Commission for the Conservation of Atlantic Tunas (ICCAT)
- Indian Ocean Tuna Commission (IOTC)
- Northwest Atlantic Fisheries Organisation (NAFO)
- North East Atlantic Fisheries Commission (NEAFC)
- North Pacific Fisheries Commission (NPFC)
- South East Atlantic Fisheries Organisation (SEAFO)
- South Pacific Regional Fisheries Management Organisation (SPRFMO)
- Southern Indian Ocean Fisheries Agreement (SIOFA)
- Western and Central Pacific Fisheries Commission (WCPFC)
"
+ "insightsCoverage": "Overview
The coverage metric is an estimate of how well a vessel’s activities outside of port, i.e. where it travelled and what it did, can be captured by the vessel’s AIS data for the time range of interest. A vessel’s AIS coverage metric is critical to interpreting vessel activity information. The higher the coverage percentage, the greater confidence on the accuracy of events listed to represent the vessel’s actual activities. To calculate the coverage metric, all voyages linked to a vessel in the selected time range are segmented into one hour blocks, and the proportion of each hour block a vessel in a voyage has at least one AIS transmission. An ‘N/A’ value could be due to no reported activity for the vessel in the selected time range. This could be of poor coverage, but may also be the result of inactivity e.g. the vessel undergoing maintenance. In these cases, we recommend you check additional information sources and request supporting records from the vessel.
Caveats
- As the AIS coverage metric is calculated based on voyages, eg. the vessel’s activity between port visits, coverage is reflective of the time and AIS reception quality while a vessel is active at sea rather than at port.
- Voyage is defined based on port visits (exit and entry). Any issue detecting port visits for a vessel may result in lower accuracy of the AIS coverage calculation.
- The coverage metric does not distinguish between a lack of activity (non-event) and poor transmission resulting in disability to detect a true event.
Learn more
Learn more about our work on transmission gaps
",
+ "insightsFishing": "Overview
Global Fishing Watch (GFW) analyzes and applies a fishing detection algorithm based on AIS data collected from vessels. Each AIS broadcast data point is classified as either “apparently fishing” or not fishing, and further reviewed to determine individual “fishing events”.
Based on the time range of interest, the following two insights are reviewed:
- Any apparent fishing events detected in areas with no known RFMO authorization
- Any apparent fishing events detected in no-take MPAs
Fishing in areas with no known RFMO authorization
GFW indicates any apparent fishing events in areas with no known RFMO authorization compiled from 7 Regional Fisheries Management Organisation (RFMO) lists*.
Caveats
- The insight covers the listed RFMO areas only*.
- The insight does not include national registration or licensing lists.
Fishing in no-take Marine Protected Areas (MPAs)
This insight is presented by cross-referencing any apparent fishing events in the boundaries of no-take MPAs (Source: World Database on Protected Areas ).
Caveats
- Events close to boundary lines may be reported as being inside an MPA boundary. We recommend that you check the vessel track positions on the map alongside adding the MPA layer to confirm exact operation.
- There may be variability in no-take MPA permissions and restrictions based on seasonal closures and gear restrictions.
General caveats
- Due to limited access to national databases, the insights do not consider other unknown authorizations e.g. seasonal closures, fishing authorisation within EEZs.
- All references to activity events (e.g. fishing), should be understood in the context of GFW's algorithms, which are best efforts to determine apparent fishing activity events based on AIS data collected.
- While the insights provide potential events, GFW recommends to visually inspect vessel tracks, always refer to additional information sources, and request records from a vessel to confirm any findings.
* The 7 RFMO lists considered for the authorization insight include:
- Commission for the Conservation of Southern Bluefin Tuna (CCSBT)
- Inter-American Tropical Tuna Commission (IATTC)
- International Commission for the Conservation of Atlantic Tunas (ICCAT)
- Indian Ocean Tuna Commission (IOTC)
- North Pacific Fisheries Commission (NPFC)
- South Pacific Regional Fisheries Management Organisation (SPRFMO)
- Western and Central Pacific Fisheries Commission (WCPFC)
Learn more
Learn more about how apparent fishing is estimated through Global Fishing Watch’s technology , and the difference between apparent fishing effort and fishing events. ",
+ "insightsFlagsChanges": "Overview
This insight tracks and details when the registry information available on a vessel indicates the vessel has been flagged to more than one unique flag state during the time range of interest, indicating a potential flag change. Adjust the end date of the time bar to present date to show the current vessel flag; Extend time range to track historical changes.
Caveats
- Global Fishing Watch matches vessel identity data with over 40 public registries to validate an individual vessel and enable tracking of identity and activity changes throughout the vessel’s lifetime from construction to scrapping.
- The vessel identity insights rely solely on registry data. The insights do not consider AIS based vessel flag identity.
- The quantity and quality of available registry data vary by flag state, thereby introducing uneven degrees of vessel identity information.
- Conflicts between information sources can occur leading to incorrect identification of vessel flags. This is more common for vessels not listed on public registries and vessels operating under multiple flags within a short time range.
- While every attempt is made to ensure the insight provided is accurate and up-to-date, this cannot be guaranteed, particularly on any changes outside of the monthly data update cycle.
Learn more
Global Fishing Watch works to offset the lack of public registry data by complementing with other data sources and advocating for transparency in regional and national fora. Learn more about:
Vessel identity and characterization ",
+ "insightsGaps": "Overview
AIS devices are designed to continually broadcast a vessel’s position to avoid collisions. Thus, when a vessel has an extended gap in AIS transmissions or positions, it can potentially indicate intentional AIS disabling or suspicious behavior.
The AIS off events insight is based on the time range of interest.
Global Fishing Watch records all AIS gap events over six hours, and then applies a set of filters below to identify those gaps we believe to be intentional AIS disabling rather than technical failures. The filter criteria for ‘likely disabling’ are:
- The gap event must be at least 12 hours;
- The gap must start at least 50 nautical miles (nm) from shore;
- The gap must start in an area with a satellite reception quality greater than 10 positions per day;
- The vessel must have at least 14 satellite positions in the 12 hours prior to the gap.
Caveats
- The dataset used to formulate this insight remains in prototype stage, which means it is still under quality assurance processes with possibility of data issues and may not include the most up-to-date data points or changes.
- Gaps outside of the above filter criteria (e.g. activity within 50 nm) are not recognised. Using this AIS off events insight to evaluate activity within 50 nm from shore for example would be uninformative and potentially misleading.
- Gaps shorter than 12 hours are not considered for this insight due to variability of satellite orbit timings.
- Gap events less than 50 nm from shore (inshore) are also not considered, due to differences in satellite and terrestrial AIS with satellite AIS reception generally decreases closer to shore coupled by higher vessel density resulting in signal interference.
- The AIS reception quality estimates used to identify the insights are based on data for 2017- 2019 from Welch et al. (2022) while we work to automate monthly estimates from 2019 until present day.
- While the insight aims to provide ‘likely AIS disabling’ events, the insight is unable to confirm whether the gap events are intentional.
- We recommend referencing additional information sources and request supporting records from the vessel for comprehensive AIS gap events review.
",
+ "insightsMOUList": "Overview
This insight tracks and details when the registry information on a vessel's identity indicates a flag record matching a flag on the Tokyo and/or Paris MOU Black or Grey lists based on your time range of interest. Adjust the end date of the time bar to present date to show the current vessel flag status; Extend time range to track historical changes.
Caveats
- Global Fishing Watch matches vessel identity data with over 40 public registries to validate an individual vessel and enable tracking of identity and activity changes throughout the vessel’s lifetime from construction to scrapping.
- The vessel identity insights rely solely on registry data. The insights do not consider AIS based vessel flag identity.
- The Tokyo and Paris MOU lists have been obtained consistently by GFW since mid-2021, and the insight is based on flag identity on and after 2021, not before.
- The data is maintained on an annual basis.
- While every attempt is made to ensure the insight provided is accurate and up-to-date, this cannot be guaranteed, particularly on any changes outside of the annual data update cycle.
",
+ "insightsIUU": "Overview
This insight presents illegal, unreported and unregulated (IUU) listing status according to the official Regional Fisheries Management Organization (RFMO) IUU vessel lists. A vessel is defined as ‘currently listed’ if they were present on an RFMO IUU vessel list during your time range of interest. To view the vessel’s latest status, please adjust the end date of the timebar to the present date. Vessels that were on the RFMO IUU list in the past and have since been delisted (for example because of a change in ownership, or because the vessel is no longer in service), or have never been listed are indicated as ‘not listed’.
Caveats
- This insight is kept up-to-date periodically since 2017.
- The insight includes data from 13 official RFMO IUU vessel lists* only. Vessels that have a history of suspected or proven IUU or other non-compliance, but have never been listed by the relevant RFMOs will not be flagged here.
- IUU-listed and IUU-engaged vessels tend to change identities, locations, and operations frequently to evade detection. While every attempt is made to ensure the insight provided is accurate and up-to-date, this cannot be guaranteed due to delays, reporting or administrative errors resulting in incorrect display of information at the RFMO and/or in this Global Fishing Watch insight.
- Global Fishing Watch recommends to always refer to additional data sources, including verification of the original data source*, and/or request additional records from a vessel to confirm any findings.
* The 13 RFMO IUU vessel lists considered for this insight include: (Date source: TMT Combined IUU Vessel List )
- Commission for the Conservation of Antarctic Marine Living Resources (CCAMLR)
- Commission for the Conservation of Southern Bluefin Tuna (CCSBT)
- General Fisheries Commission for the Mediterranean (GFCM)
- Inter-American Tropical Tuna Commission (IATTC)
- International Commission for the Conservation of Atlantic Tunas (ICCAT)
- Indian Ocean Tuna Commission (IOTC)
- Northwest Atlantic Fisheries Organisation (NAFO)
- North East Atlantic Fisheries Commission (NEAFC)
- North Pacific Fisheries Commission (NPFC)
- South East Atlantic Fisheries Organisation (SEAFO)
- South Pacific Regional Fisheries Management Organisation (SPRFMO)
- Southern Indian Ocean Fisheries Agreement (SIOFA)
- Western and Central Pacific Fisheries Commission (WCPFC)
"
}
diff --git a/apps/fishing-map/public/locales/id/translations.json b/apps/fishing-map/public/locales/id/translations.json
index 8456573850..c61f89b7de 100644
--- a/apps/fishing-map/public/locales/id/translations.json
+++ b/apps/fishing-map/public/locales/id/translations.json
@@ -811,7 +811,7 @@
"flagChanges": "Flag changes",
"flagChangesCount": "{{count}} flag changes",
"flagChangesEmpty": "No flag changes",
- "MOULists": "MOU Lists",
+ "MOULists": "Tokyo and Paris MOU Lists",
"MOUListsEmpty": "Flying under a flag/flags not present on the Tokio or Paris MOU black or grey lists",
"MOUParisListsCount": "Flag present on the Paris MOU black or grey list ({{flags}})",
"MOUTokyoListsCount": "Flag present on the Tokyo MOU black or grey list ({{flags}})",
diff --git a/apps/fishing-map/public/locales/pt/data-terminology.json b/apps/fishing-map/public/locales/pt/data-terminology.json
index 43f5b16f80..be2e8c611a 100644
--- a/apps/fishing-map/public/locales/pt/data-terminology.json
+++ b/apps/fishing-map/public/locales/pt/data-terminology.json
@@ -9,10 +9,10 @@
"encounter": "Overview
- Encounter events describe when AIS data shows two vessels that appear to be meeting at sea. Encounter events can be indicative of potential transshipment events.
- Global Fishing Watch records an event as an encounter when two vessels are detected within 500 meters of each other for at least 2 hours, travelling at a median speed of less than 2 knots, whilst at least 10 kilometers (5.4 nautical miles) from a coastal anchorage.
- Currently, encounter events are shown between carrier and fishing vessels and support and fishing vessels. In the future, encounters between other vessel types may be displayed.
- View details on the encounter, such as location of the event and details of the encountered vessel, by clicking on the ‘i’ icon associated with the encounter.
Caveats
- There may be many other reasons (i.e. not transhipment activity) why two vessels encounter each other at sea. Vessels may have encounters to exchange equipment or for crew safety.
- Given the different reasons that vessels may meet at sea, these events are intended to support further review of activity and should not be used in isolation.
- Sometimes transhipment events fall below the criteria used to define an encounter event, and therefore may not appear in our data. It is important to corroborate encounter events with other sources of information, such as RFMO transhipment records.
- If transmission data is poor, the average location can be inconsistent with the vessel track and the event may appear slightly alongside the track.
- Not all encounters are shown in vessel viewer. Currently, encounter events are shown between carrier and fishing vessels and support and fishing vessels. In the future, encounters between other vessel types may be displayed.
Learn more
You can read more about transshipment behaviour from our report scientific publication.
",
"loitering": "Visão geral
\n\n- Os eventos de deriva são registrados quando uma embarcação mostra sinais de possíveis encontros, ou quando encontra com outra embarcação no mar, mas não é detectada nenhuma segunda embarcação.
\n- Os eventos de deriva são baseados na velocidade e distância da costa.
\n- Um evento de deriva é registrado quando uma embarcação viaja a uma velocidade média inferior a 2 nós ao longo de 20 milhas náuticas (37,04 quilômetros) da costa.
\n- Pode haver muitos motivos pelos quais um evento de deriva é registrado, portanto, os resultados devem ser interpretados com cautela.
\n
\nRessalvas
\n \n- Pode haver muitos motivos pelos quais uma embarcação diminui a velocidade ao se afastar da costa.
\n- Os eventos de deriva são indicativos, e a embarcação pode não estar encontrando nenhuma outra embarcação no momento do evento.
\n- Outros eventos em que uma embarcação pode permanecer relativamente estacionária ou mover-se lentamente incluem manutenção, mau tempo ou espera por instruções do proprietário.
\n- Os eventos de deriva das embarcações de pesca podem estar associados a um comportamento normal de pesca, uma vez que as embarcações de pesca muitas vezes se movem lentamente durante as operações de pesca.
- Devido às definições individuais de eventos de deriva e eventos de encontro, é possível que um evento de deriva se sobreponha a um evento de encontro, representando a mesma atividade, ou o evento de deriva pode abranger um ou mais eventos de encontro.
\n- Se os dados de transmissão forem ruins, a localização média pode ser inconsistente com a rota da embarcação, e o evento pode aparecer ligeiramente ao longo da rota.
",
"fishing": "Visão geral
\n\n- O Global Fishing Watch analisa os dados AIS coletados de embarcações que a nossa pesquisa identificou como embarcações de pesca conhecidas ou possíveis, e aplica um algoritmo de detecção de pesca para determinar a “atividade de pesca aparente” com base nas mudanças de velocidade e direção da embarcação.
- Nosso modelo de aprendizado de máquina classifica cada ponto de dados de transmissão AIS para essas embarcações como aparentemente de pesca ou não pesca.
- Os eventos de pesca utilizam esses pontos de dados como entrada e resumem-nos em um único evento para facilitar a análise.
- Um evento de pesca é definido quando:
- As posições de pesca aparecem consecutivamente e estão separadas por menos de 10 quilômetros ou 2 horas; e,
- As posições de pesca dentro de 1 hora e 2 quilômetros de outro evento de pesca são agrupadas em um único evento.
- O conjunto de dados é ainda mais restrito com a remoção de eventos de pesca breves e rápidos, uma vez que são menos propensos a indicar um evento de pesca realista. Os seguintes eventos de pesca curta são removidos:
- Eventos com duração inferior a 20 minutos;
- Eventos compostos por cinco ou menos posições de pesca;
- Eventos que abrangem distâncias inferiores a 0,5 km (para todos os petrechos, exceto petrechos de lula estimados);
- Eventos que abrangem distâncias inferiores a 50m (para petrechos de lula estimados); e,
- Eventos de embarcações com movimentação anormalmente rápida, com velocidade média da embarcação de 10 nós ou mais.
Ressalvas
- Podem aparecer falsos positivos no conjunto de dados quando as embarcações diminuem a velocidade e mudam de direção, mas não estão envolvidas em atividades de pesca.
- Nosso modelo de aprendizado de máquina é melhor para prever alguns tipos de pesca (por exemplo, pesca de arrasto e pesca de espinhel) em comparação com outros tipos de pesca que podem não estar tão presentes nos dados usados para treinar o modelo de aprendizado de máquina.
- A maioria dos dispositivos AIS se enquadra em uma das três “classes”: Classe A, Classe B e Classe B+. Os dispositivos Classe A transmitem com maior potência e transmitem a posição de uma embarcação com mais frequência. Os dispositivos de classe B e B+ de menor potência são detectados com menos frequência pelos satélites e, portanto, pode parecer que há menos atividade de pesca nas áreas onde são predominantemente utilizados.
- Além das áreas com baixa cobertura de satélite, as áreas com elevada densidade de tráfego de embarcações também podem limitar o número de sinais processados, especialmente os relacionados a sistemas AIS de Classe B (ou B+). Isso pode resultar em uma redução ou subestimação das atividades das embarcações do mapa ou nos dados do Global Fishing Watch nessas áreas.
Saiba mais
Saiba mais sobre nossa estimativa de esforço de pesca aparente.",
- "insightsCoverage": "Overview
The coverage metric is an estimate of how well a vessel’s activities outside of port, i.e. where it travelled and what it did, can be captured by the vessel’s AIS data for the time range of interest. A vessel’s AIS coverage metric is critical to interpreting vessel activity information. The higher the coverage percentage, the greater confidence on the accuracy of events listed to represent the vessel’s actual activities. To calculate the coverage metric, all voyages linked to a vessel in the selected time range are segmented into one hour blocks, and the proportion of each hour block a vessel in a voyage has at least one AIS transmission. An ‘N/A’ value could be due to no reported activity for the vessel in the selected time range. This could be of poor coverage, but may also be the result of inactivity e.g. the vessel undergoing maintenance. In these cases, we recommend you check additional information sources and request supporting records from the vessel.
Caveats
- As the AIS coverage metric is calculated based on voyages, eg. the vessel’s activity between port visits, coverage is reflective of the time and AIS reception quality while a vessel is active at sea rather than at port.
- Voyage is defined based on port visits (exit and entry). Any issue detecting port visits for a vessel may result in lower accuracy of the AIS coverage calculation.
- The coverage metric does not distinguish between a lack of activity (non-event) and poor transmission resulting in disability to detect a true event.
Learn more
Learn more about our work on transmission gaps
",
- "insightsFishing": "Overview
Global Fishing Watch (GFW) analyzes and applies a fishing detection algorithm based on AIS data collected from vessels. Each AIS broadcast data point is classified as either “apparently fishing” or not fishing, and further reviewed to determine individual “fishing events”.
Based on the time range of interest, the following two insights are reviewed:
- Any apparent fishing events detected in areas with no known RFMO authorization
- Any apparent fishing events detected in no-take MPAs
Fishing in areas with no known RFMO authorization
GFW indicates any apparent fishing events in areas with no known RFMO authorization compiled from 7 Regional Fisheries Management Organisation (RFMO) lists*.
Caveats
- The insight covers the listed RFMO areas only*.
- The insight does not include national registration or licensing lists.
Fishing in no-take Marine Protected Areas (MPAs)
This insight is presented by cross-referencing any apparent fishing events in the boundaries of no-take MPAs (Source: World Database on Protected Areas ).
Caveats
- Events close to boundary lines may be reported as being inside an MPA boundary. We recommend that you check the vessel track positions on the map alongside adding the MPA layer to confirm exact operation.
- There may be variability in no-take MPA permissions and restrictions based on seasonal closures and gear restrictions.
General caveats
- Due to limited access to national databases, the insights do not consider other unknown authorizations e.g. seasonal closures, fishing authorisation within EEZs.
- All references to activity events (e.g. fishing), should be understood in the context of GFW's algorithms, which are best efforts to determine apparent fishing activity events based on AIS data collected.
- While the insights provide potential events, GFW recommends to visually inspect vessel tracks, always refer to additional information sources, and request records from a vessel to confirm any findings.
* The 7 RFMO lists considered for the authorization insight include:
- Commission for the Conservation of Southern Bluefin Tuna (CCSBT)
- Inter-American Tropical Tuna Commission (IATTC)
- International Commission for the Conservation of Atlantic Tunas (ICCAT)
- Indian Ocean Tuna Commission (IOTC)
- North Pacific Fisheries Commission (NPFC)
- South Pacific Regional Fisheries Management Organisation (SPRFMO)
- Western and Central Pacific Fisheries Commission (WCPFC)
Learn more
Learn more about how apparent fishing is estimated through Global Fishing Watch’s technology , and the difference between apparent fishing effort and fishing events. ",
- "insightsFlagsChanges": "Overview
This insight tracks and details when the registry information available on a vessel indicates the vessel has been flagged to more than one unique flag state during the time range of interest, indicating a potential flag change. Adjust the end date of the time bar to present date to show the current vessel flag; Extend time range to track historical changes.
Caveats
- Global Fishing Watch matches vessel identity data with over 40 public registries to validate an individual vessel and enable tracking of identity and activity changes throughout the vessel’s lifetime from construction to scrapping.
- The vessel identity insights rely solely on registry data. The insights do not consider AIS based vessel flag identity.
- The quantity and quality of available registry data vary by flag state, thereby introducing uneven degrees of vessel identity information.
- Conflicts between information sources can occur leading to incorrect identification of vessel flags. This is more common for vessels not listed on public registries and vessels operating under multiple flags within a short time range.
- While every attempt is made to ensure the insight provided is accurate and up-to-date, this cannot be guaranteed, particularly on any changes outside of the monthly data update cycle.
Learn more
Global Fishing Watch works to offset the lack of public registry data by complementing with other data sources and advocating for transparency in regional and national fora. Learn more about:
Vessel identity and characterization ",
- "insightsGaps": "Overview
AIS devices are designed to continually broadcast a vessel’s position to avoid collisions. Thus, when a vessel has an extended gap in AIS transmissions or positions, it can potentially indicate intentional AIS disabling or suspicious behavior.
The AIS off events insight is based on the time range of interest.
Global Fishing Watch records all AIS gap events over six hours, and then applies a set of filters below to identify those gaps we believe to be intentional AIS disabling rather than technical failures. The filter criteria for ‘likely disabling’ are:
- The gap event must be at least 12 hours;
- The gap must start at least 50 nautical miles (nm) from shore;
- The gap must start in an area with a satellite reception quality greater than 10 positions per day;
- The vessel must have at least 14 satellite positions in the 12 hours prior to the gap.
Caveats
- The dataset used to formulate this insight remains in prototype stage, which means it is still under quality assurance processes with possibility of data issues and may not include the most up-to-date data points or changes.
- Gaps outside of the above filter criteria (e.g. activity within 50 nm) are not recognised. Using this AIS off events insight to evaluate activity within 50 nm from shore for example would be uninformative and potentially misleading.
- Gaps shorter than 12 hours are not considered for this insight due to variability of satellite orbit timings.
- Gap events less than 50 nm from shore (inshore) are also not considered, due to differences in satellite and terrestrial AIS with satellite AIS reception generally decreases closer to shore coupled by higher vessel density resulting in signal interference.
- The AIS reception quality estimates used to identify the insights are based on data for 2017- 2019 from Welch et al. (2022) while we work to automate monthly estimates from 2019 until present day.
- While the insight aims to provide ‘likely AIS disabling’ events, the insight is unable to confirm whether the gap events are intentional.
- We recommend referencing additional information sources and request supporting records from the vessel for comprehensive AIS gap events review.
",
- "insightsMOUList": "TOKYO AND/OR PARIS MOU LISTS
Overview
This insight tracks and details when the registry information on a vessel's identity indicates a flag record matching a flag on the Tokyo and/or Paris MOU Black or Grey lists based on your time range of interest. Adjust the end date of the time bar to present date to show the current vessel flag status; Extend time range to track historical changes.
Caveats
- Global Fishing Watch matches vessel identity data with over 40 public registries to validate an individual vessel and enable tracking of identity and activity changes throughout the vessel’s lifetime from construction to scrapping.
- The vessel identity insights rely solely on registry data. The insights do not consider AIS based vessel flag identity.
- The Tokyo and Paris MOU lists have been obtained consistently by GFW since mid-2021, and the insight is based on flag identity on and after 2021, not before.
- The data is maintained on an annual basis.
- While every attempt is made to ensure the insight provided is accurate and up-to-date, this cannot be guaranteed, particularly on any changes outside of the annual data update cycle.
",
- "insightsIUU": "Overview
This insight presents illegal, unreported and unregulated (IUU) listing status according to the official Regional Fisheries Management Organization (RFMO) IUU vessel lists. A vessel is defined as ‘currently listed’ if they were present on an RFMO IUU vessel list during your time range of interest. To view the vessel’s latest status, please adjust the end date of the timebar to the present date. Vessels that were on the RFMO IUU list in the past and have since been delisted (for example because of a change in ownership, or because the vessel is no longer in service), or have never been listed are indicated as ‘not listed’.
Caveats
- This insight is kept up-to-date periodically since 2017.
- The insight includes data from 13 official RFMO IUU vessel lists* only. Vessels that have a history of suspected or proven IUU or other non-compliance, but have never been listed by the relevant RFMOs will not be flagged here.
- IUU-listed and IUU-engaged vessels tend to change identities, locations, and operations frequently to evade detection. While every attempt is made to ensure the insight provided is accurate and up-to-date, this cannot be guaranteed due to delays, reporting or administrative errors resulting in incorrect display of information at the RFMO and/or in this Global Fishing Watch insight.
- Global Fishing Watch recommends to always refer to additional data sources, including verification of the original data source*, and/or request additional records from a vessel to confirm any findings.
* The 13 RFMO IUU vessel lists considered for this insight include: (Date source: TMT Combined IUU Vessel List )
- Commission for the Conservation of Antarctic Marine Living Resources (CCAMLR)
- Commission for the Conservation of Southern Bluefin Tuna (CCSBT)
- General Fisheries Commission for the Mediterranean (GFCM)
- Inter-American Tropical Tuna Commission (IATTC)
- International Commission for the Conservation of Atlantic Tunas (ICCAT)
- Indian Ocean Tuna Commission (IOTC)
- Northwest Atlantic Fisheries Organisation (NAFO)
- North East Atlantic Fisheries Commission (NEAFC)
- North Pacific Fisheries Commission (NPFC)
- South East Atlantic Fisheries Organisation (SEAFO)
- South Pacific Regional Fisheries Management Organisation (SPRFMO)
- Southern Indian Ocean Fisheries Agreement (SIOFA)
- Western and Central Pacific Fisheries Commission (WCPFC)
"
+ "insightsCoverage": "Overview
The coverage metric is an estimate of how well a vessel’s activities outside of port, i.e. where it travelled and what it did, can be captured by the vessel’s AIS data for the time range of interest. A vessel’s AIS coverage metric is critical to interpreting vessel activity information. The higher the coverage percentage, the greater confidence on the accuracy of events listed to represent the vessel’s actual activities. To calculate the coverage metric, all voyages linked to a vessel in the selected time range are segmented into one hour blocks, and the proportion of each hour block a vessel in a voyage has at least one AIS transmission. An ‘N/A’ value could be due to no reported activity for the vessel in the selected time range. This could be of poor coverage, but may also be the result of inactivity e.g. the vessel undergoing maintenance. In these cases, we recommend you check additional information sources and request supporting records from the vessel.
Caveats
- As the AIS coverage metric is calculated based on voyages, eg. the vessel’s activity between port visits, coverage is reflective of the time and AIS reception quality while a vessel is active at sea rather than at port.
- Voyage is defined based on port visits (exit and entry). Any issue detecting port visits for a vessel may result in lower accuracy of the AIS coverage calculation.
- The coverage metric does not distinguish between a lack of activity (non-event) and poor transmission resulting in disability to detect a true event.
Learn more
Learn more about our work on transmission gaps
",
+ "insightsFishing": "Overview
Global Fishing Watch (GFW) analyzes and applies a fishing detection algorithm based on AIS data collected from vessels. Each AIS broadcast data point is classified as either “apparently fishing” or not fishing, and further reviewed to determine individual “fishing events”.
Based on the time range of interest, the following two insights are reviewed:
- Any apparent fishing events detected in areas with no known RFMO authorization
- Any apparent fishing events detected in no-take MPAs
Fishing in areas with no known RFMO authorization
GFW indicates any apparent fishing events in areas with no known RFMO authorization compiled from 7 Regional Fisheries Management Organisation (RFMO) lists*.
Caveats
- The insight covers the listed RFMO areas only*.
- The insight does not include national registration or licensing lists.
Fishing in no-take Marine Protected Areas (MPAs)
This insight is presented by cross-referencing any apparent fishing events in the boundaries of no-take MPAs (Source: World Database on Protected Areas ).
Caveats
- Events close to boundary lines may be reported as being inside an MPA boundary. We recommend that you check the vessel track positions on the map alongside adding the MPA layer to confirm exact operation.
- There may be variability in no-take MPA permissions and restrictions based on seasonal closures and gear restrictions.
General caveats
- Due to limited access to national databases, the insights do not consider other unknown authorizations e.g. seasonal closures, fishing authorisation within EEZs.
- All references to activity events (e.g. fishing), should be understood in the context of GFW's algorithms, which are best efforts to determine apparent fishing activity events based on AIS data collected.
- While the insights provide potential events, GFW recommends to visually inspect vessel tracks, always refer to additional information sources, and request records from a vessel to confirm any findings.
* The 7 RFMO lists considered for the authorization insight include:
- Commission for the Conservation of Southern Bluefin Tuna (CCSBT)
- Inter-American Tropical Tuna Commission (IATTC)
- International Commission for the Conservation of Atlantic Tunas (ICCAT)
- Indian Ocean Tuna Commission (IOTC)
- North Pacific Fisheries Commission (NPFC)
- South Pacific Regional Fisheries Management Organisation (SPRFMO)
- Western and Central Pacific Fisheries Commission (WCPFC)
Learn more
Learn more about how apparent fishing is estimated through Global Fishing Watch’s technology , and the difference between apparent fishing effort and fishing events. ",
+ "insightsFlagsChanges": "Overview
This insight tracks and details when the registry information available on a vessel indicates the vessel has been flagged to more than one unique flag state during the time range of interest, indicating a potential flag change. Adjust the end date of the time bar to present date to show the current vessel flag; Extend time range to track historical changes.
Caveats
- Global Fishing Watch matches vessel identity data with over 40 public registries to validate an individual vessel and enable tracking of identity and activity changes throughout the vessel’s lifetime from construction to scrapping.
- The vessel identity insights rely solely on registry data. The insights do not consider AIS based vessel flag identity.
- The quantity and quality of available registry data vary by flag state, thereby introducing uneven degrees of vessel identity information.
- Conflicts between information sources can occur leading to incorrect identification of vessel flags. This is more common for vessels not listed on public registries and vessels operating under multiple flags within a short time range.
- While every attempt is made to ensure the insight provided is accurate and up-to-date, this cannot be guaranteed, particularly on any changes outside of the monthly data update cycle.
Learn more
Global Fishing Watch works to offset the lack of public registry data by complementing with other data sources and advocating for transparency in regional and national fora. Learn more about:
Vessel identity and characterization ",
+ "insightsGaps": "Overview
AIS devices are designed to continually broadcast a vessel’s position to avoid collisions. Thus, when a vessel has an extended gap in AIS transmissions or positions, it can potentially indicate intentional AIS disabling or suspicious behavior.
The AIS off events insight is based on the time range of interest.
Global Fishing Watch records all AIS gap events over six hours, and then applies a set of filters below to identify those gaps we believe to be intentional AIS disabling rather than technical failures. The filter criteria for ‘likely disabling’ are:
- The gap event must be at least 12 hours;
- The gap must start at least 50 nautical miles (nm) from shore;
- The gap must start in an area with a satellite reception quality greater than 10 positions per day;
- The vessel must have at least 14 satellite positions in the 12 hours prior to the gap.
Caveats
- The dataset used to formulate this insight remains in prototype stage, which means it is still under quality assurance processes with possibility of data issues and may not include the most up-to-date data points or changes.
- Gaps outside of the above filter criteria (e.g. activity within 50 nm) are not recognised. Using this AIS off events insight to evaluate activity within 50 nm from shore for example would be uninformative and potentially misleading.
- Gaps shorter than 12 hours are not considered for this insight due to variability of satellite orbit timings.
- Gap events less than 50 nm from shore (inshore) are also not considered, due to differences in satellite and terrestrial AIS with satellite AIS reception generally decreases closer to shore coupled by higher vessel density resulting in signal interference.
- The AIS reception quality estimates used to identify the insights are based on data for 2017- 2019 from Welch et al. (2022) while we work to automate monthly estimates from 2019 until present day.
- While the insight aims to provide ‘likely AIS disabling’ events, the insight is unable to confirm whether the gap events are intentional.
- We recommend referencing additional information sources and request supporting records from the vessel for comprehensive AIS gap events review.
",
+ "insightsMOUList": "Overview
This insight tracks and details when the registry information on a vessel's identity indicates a flag record matching a flag on the Tokyo and/or Paris MOU Black or Grey lists based on your time range of interest. Adjust the end date of the time bar to present date to show the current vessel flag status; Extend time range to track historical changes.
Caveats
- Global Fishing Watch matches vessel identity data with over 40 public registries to validate an individual vessel and enable tracking of identity and activity changes throughout the vessel’s lifetime from construction to scrapping.
- The vessel identity insights rely solely on registry data. The insights do not consider AIS based vessel flag identity.
- The Tokyo and Paris MOU lists have been obtained consistently by GFW since mid-2021, and the insight is based on flag identity on and after 2021, not before.
- The data is maintained on an annual basis.
- While every attempt is made to ensure the insight provided is accurate and up-to-date, this cannot be guaranteed, particularly on any changes outside of the annual data update cycle.
",
+ "insightsIUU": "Overview
This insight presents illegal, unreported and unregulated (IUU) listing status according to the official Regional Fisheries Management Organization (RFMO) IUU vessel lists. A vessel is defined as ‘currently listed’ if they were present on an RFMO IUU vessel list during your time range of interest. To view the vessel’s latest status, please adjust the end date of the timebar to the present date. Vessels that were on the RFMO IUU list in the past and have since been delisted (for example because of a change in ownership, or because the vessel is no longer in service), or have never been listed are indicated as ‘not listed’.
Caveats
- This insight is kept up-to-date periodically since 2017.
- The insight includes data from 13 official RFMO IUU vessel lists* only. Vessels that have a history of suspected or proven IUU or other non-compliance, but have never been listed by the relevant RFMOs will not be flagged here.
- IUU-listed and IUU-engaged vessels tend to change identities, locations, and operations frequently to evade detection. While every attempt is made to ensure the insight provided is accurate and up-to-date, this cannot be guaranteed due to delays, reporting or administrative errors resulting in incorrect display of information at the RFMO and/or in this Global Fishing Watch insight.
- Global Fishing Watch recommends to always refer to additional data sources, including verification of the original data source*, and/or request additional records from a vessel to confirm any findings.
* The 13 RFMO IUU vessel lists considered for this insight include: (Date source: TMT Combined IUU Vessel List )
- Commission for the Conservation of Antarctic Marine Living Resources (CCAMLR)
- Commission for the Conservation of Southern Bluefin Tuna (CCSBT)
- General Fisheries Commission for the Mediterranean (GFCM)
- Inter-American Tropical Tuna Commission (IATTC)
- International Commission for the Conservation of Atlantic Tunas (ICCAT)
- Indian Ocean Tuna Commission (IOTC)
- Northwest Atlantic Fisheries Organisation (NAFO)
- North East Atlantic Fisheries Commission (NEAFC)
- North Pacific Fisheries Commission (NPFC)
- South East Atlantic Fisheries Organisation (SEAFO)
- South Pacific Regional Fisheries Management Organisation (SPRFMO)
- Southern Indian Ocean Fisheries Agreement (SIOFA)
- Western and Central Pacific Fisheries Commission (WCPFC)
"
}
diff --git a/apps/fishing-map/public/locales/pt/translations.json b/apps/fishing-map/public/locales/pt/translations.json
index c0b38201dd..634a449708 100644
--- a/apps/fishing-map/public/locales/pt/translations.json
+++ b/apps/fishing-map/public/locales/pt/translations.json
@@ -811,7 +811,7 @@
"flagChanges": "Flag changes",
"flagChangesCount": "{{count}} flag changes",
"flagChangesEmpty": "No flag changes",
- "MOULists": "MOU Lists",
+ "MOULists": "Tokyo and Paris MOU Lists",
"MOUListsEmpty": "Flying under a flag/flags not present on the Tokio or Paris MOU black or grey lists",
"MOUParisListsCount": "Flag present on the Paris MOU black or grey list ({{flags}})",
"MOUTokyoListsCount": "Flag present on the Tokyo MOU black or grey list ({{flags}})",
diff --git a/apps/fishing-map/public/locales/source/data-terminology.json b/apps/fishing-map/public/locales/source/data-terminology.json
index b8503e395a..1c6bd936ea 100644
--- a/apps/fishing-map/public/locales/source/data-terminology.json
+++ b/apps/fishing-map/public/locales/source/data-terminology.json
@@ -9,10 +9,10 @@
"encounter": "Overview
\n\n- Encounter events describe when AIS data shows two vessels that appear to be meeting at sea. Encounter events can be indicative of potential transshipment events.
\n- Global Fishing Watch records an event as an encounter when two vessels are detected within 500 meters of each other for at least 2 hours, travelling at a median speed of less than 2 knots, whilst at least 10 kilometers (5.4 nautical miles) from a coastal anchorage.
\n- Currently, encounter events are shown between carrier and fishing vessels and support and fishing vessels. In the future, encounters between other vessel types may be displayed.
\n- View details on the encounter, such as location of the event and details of the encountered vessel, by clicking on the ‘i’ icon associated with the encounter.
\n
\nCaveats
\n\n- There may be many other reasons (i.e. not transhipment activity) why two vessels encounter each other at sea. Vessels may have encounters to exchange equipment or for crew safety.
\n- Given the different reasons that vessels may meet at sea, these events are intended to support further review of activity and should not be used in isolation.
\n- Sometimes transhipment events fall below the criteria used to define an encounter event, and therefore may not appear in our data. It is important to corroborate encounter events with other sources of information, such as RFMO transhipment records.
\n- If transmission data is poor, the average location can be inconsistent with the vessel track and the event may appear slightly alongside the track.
\n- Not all encounters are shown in vessel viewer. Currently, encounter events are shown between carrier and fishing vessels and support and fishing vessels. In the future, encounters between other vessel types may be displayed.
\n
\nLearn more
\n\nYou can read more about transshipment behaviour from our report or scientific publication.
",
"loitering": "Overview
\n\n - Loitering events are recorded when one vessel shows signs of potential encounters, or meeting another vessel at sea, but there is no second vessel detected.
\n - Loitering events are based on speed and distance from shore.
\n - A loitering event is recorded when a vessel travels at an average speed of less than 2 knots over 20 nautical miles (37.04 kilometers) from shore.
\n - There may be many reasons a loitering event is recorded, so results should be interpreted with caution.
\n
\nCaveats
\n\n - There may be many reasons a vessel slows down away from shore.
\n - Loitering events are indicative, and the vessel may not be meeting any other vessels at the time of the event.
\n - Other events in which a vessel may remain fairly stationary or moving slowly include maintenance, poor weather or waiting for owner instruction.
\n - Loitering events for fishing vessels may be associated with normal fishing behavior, as fishing vessels often move slowly during fishing operations.
\n - Due to the individual definitions of loitering events and encounter events, it is possible for a loitering event to overlap with an encounter event, representing the same activity, or the loitering event may encompass one or more encounter events.
\n - If transmission data is poor, the average location can be inconsistent with the vessel track and the event may appear slightly alongside the track.
\n
",
"fishing": "Overview
\n\n - Global Fishing Watch analyzes AIS data collected from vessels that our research has identified as known or possible fishing vessels, and applies a fishing detection algorithm to determine “apparent fishing activity” based on changes in vessel speed and direction.
\n - Our machine learning model classifies each AIS broadcast data point for these vessels as either apparently fishing or not fishing.
\n - Fishing events use those data points as input and summarize them into one event for easier analysis.
\n - A fishing event is defined where:
\n - Fishing positions appear consecutively and are separated by less than 10 kilometers or 2 hours; and,
\n - Fishing positions within 1 hour and 2 kilometers of another fishing event are grouped together into a single event.
\n
\n \n - The dataset is further restricted by removing fishing events that are brief and fast, as these are less likely to indicate a realistic fishing event. The following short fishing events are removed:
\n - Events less than 20 minutes in duration;
\n - Events comprised of five or fewer fishing positions;
\n - Events that cover distance of less than 0.5 km (for all gears except estimated squid gear);
\n - Events that cover distance of less than 50m (for estimated squid gear); and,
\n - Abnormally fast moving vessel events with an average vessel speed of 10 knots or greater.
\n
\n \n
\nCaveats
\n\n - False positives may appear in the dataset where vessel’s slow down and change direction, but aren’t engaged in fishing activity.
\n - Our machine learning model is better at predicting some types of fishing (e.g. trawling and longlining) compared to other types of fishing that may not have been as present in data used to train the machine learning model.
\n - Most AIS devices fall into one of three “classes”: Class A, Class B, and Class B+. Class A devices broadcast at a stronger power and they broadcast a vessel’s position more frequently. Lower wattage Class B and B+ devices are detected less frequently by satellites, and therefore it may seem there is less fishing activity in areas where they are predominantly used.
\n - In addition to areas with low satellite coverage, areas with a high density of vessel traffic can also limit the number of signals processed, particularly related to Class B (or B+) AIS systems. This may lead to reduced or underestimated vessel activity in the Global Fishing Watch map or data in such areas.
\n
\nLearn more
Learn more about our estimation of apparent fishing effort.",
- "insightsCoverage": "Overview
The coverage metric is an estimate of how well a vessel’s activities outside of port, i.e. where it travelled and what it did, can be captured by the vessel’s AIS data for the time range of interest. A vessel’s AIS coverage metric is critical to interpreting vessel activity information. The higher the coverage percentage, the greater confidence on the accuracy of events listed to represent the vessel’s actual activities. To calculate the coverage metric, all voyages linked to a vessel in the selected time range are segmented into one hour blocks, and the proportion of each hour block a vessel in a voyage has at least one AIS transmission. An ‘N/A’ value could be due to no reported activity for the vessel in the selected time range. This could be of poor coverage, but may also be the result of inactivity e.g. the vessel undergoing maintenance. In these cases, we recommend you check additional information sources and request supporting records from the vessel.
Caveats
- As the AIS coverage metric is calculated based on voyages, eg. the vessel’s activity between port visits, coverage is reflective of the time and AIS reception quality while a vessel is active at sea rather than at port.
- Voyage is defined based on port visits (exit and entry). Any issue detecting port visits for a vessel may result in lower accuracy of the AIS coverage calculation.
- The coverage metric does not distinguish between a lack of activity (non-event) and poor transmission resulting in disability to detect a true event.
Learn more
Learn more about our work on transmission gaps
",
- "insightsFishing": "Overview
Global Fishing Watch (GFW) analyzes and applies a fishing detection algorithm based on AIS data collected from vessels. Each AIS broadcast data point is classified as either “apparently fishing” or not fishing, and further reviewed to determine individual “fishing events”.
Based on the time range of interest, the following two insights are reviewed:
- Any apparent fishing events detected in areas with no known RFMO authorization
- Any apparent fishing events detected in no-take MPAs
Fishing in areas with no known RFMO authorization
GFW indicates any apparent fishing events in areas with no known RFMO authorization compiled from 7 Regional Fisheries Management Organisation (RFMO) lists*.
Caveats
- The insight covers the listed RFMO areas only*.
- The insight does not include national registration or licensing lists.
Fishing in no-take Marine Protected Areas (MPAs)
This insight is presented by cross-referencing any apparent fishing events in the boundaries of no-take MPAs (Source: World Database on Protected Areas ).
Caveats
- Events close to boundary lines may be reported as being inside an MPA boundary. We recommend that you check the vessel track positions on the map alongside adding the MPA layer to confirm exact operation.
- There may be variability in no-take MPA permissions and restrictions based on seasonal closures and gear restrictions.
General caveats
- Due to limited access to national databases, the insights do not consider other unknown authorizations e.g. seasonal closures, fishing authorisation within EEZs.
- All references to activity events (e.g. fishing), should be understood in the context of GFW's algorithms, which are best efforts to determine apparent fishing activity events based on AIS data collected.
- While the insights provide potential events, GFW recommends to visually inspect vessel tracks, always refer to additional information sources, and request records from a vessel to confirm any findings.
* The 7 RFMO lists considered for the authorization insight include:
- Commission for the Conservation of Southern Bluefin Tuna (CCSBT)
- Inter-American Tropical Tuna Commission (IATTC)
- International Commission for the Conservation of Atlantic Tunas (ICCAT)
- Indian Ocean Tuna Commission (IOTC)
- North Pacific Fisheries Commission (NPFC)
- South Pacific Regional Fisheries Management Organisation (SPRFMO)
- Western and Central Pacific Fisheries Commission (WCPFC)
Learn more
Learn more about how apparent fishing is estimated through Global Fishing Watch’s technology , and the difference between apparent fishing effort and fishing events. ",
- "insightsFlagsChanges": "Overview
This insight tracks and details when the registry information available on a vessel indicates the vessel has been flagged to more than one unique flag state during the time range of interest, indicating a potential flag change. Adjust the end date of the time bar to present date to show the current vessel flag; Extend time range to track historical changes.
Caveats
- Global Fishing Watch matches vessel identity data with over 40 public registries to validate an individual vessel and enable tracking of identity and activity changes throughout the vessel’s lifetime from construction to scrapping.
- The vessel identity insights rely solely on registry data. The insights do not consider AIS based vessel flag identity.
- The quantity and quality of available registry data vary by flag state, thereby introducing uneven degrees of vessel identity information.
- Conflicts between information sources can occur leading to incorrect identification of vessel flags. This is more common for vessels not listed on public registries and vessels operating under multiple flags within a short time range.
- While every attempt is made to ensure the insight provided is accurate and up-to-date, this cannot be guaranteed, particularly on any changes outside of the monthly data update cycle.
Learn more
Global Fishing Watch works to offset the lack of public registry data by complementing with other data sources and advocating for transparency in regional and national fora. Learn more about:
Vessel identity and characterization ",
- "insightsGaps": "Overview
AIS devices are designed to continually broadcast a vessel’s position to avoid collisions. Thus, when a vessel has an extended gap in AIS transmissions or positions, it can potentially indicate intentional AIS disabling or suspicious behavior.
The AIS off events insight is based on the time range of interest.
Global Fishing Watch records all AIS gap events over six hours, and then applies a set of filters below to identify those gaps we believe to be intentional AIS disabling rather than technical failures. The filter criteria for ‘likely disabling’ are:
- The gap event must be at least 12 hours;
- The gap must start at least 50 nautical miles (nm) from shore;
- The gap must start in an area with a satellite reception quality greater than 10 positions per day;
- The vessel must have at least 14 satellite positions in the 12 hours prior to the gap.
Caveats
- The dataset used to formulate this insight remains in prototype stage, which means it is still under quality assurance processes with possibility of data issues and may not include the most up-to-date data points or changes.
- Gaps outside of the above filter criteria (e.g. activity within 50 nm) are not recognised. Using this AIS off events insight to evaluate activity within 50 nm from shore for example would be uninformative and potentially misleading.
- Gaps shorter than 12 hours are not considered for this insight due to variability of satellite orbit timings.
- Gap events less than 50 nm from shore (inshore) are also not considered, due to differences in satellite and terrestrial AIS with satellite AIS reception generally decreases closer to shore coupled by higher vessel density resulting in signal interference.
- The AIS reception quality estimates used to identify the insights are based on data for 2017- 2019 from Welch et al. (2022) while we work to automate monthly estimates from 2019 until present day.
- While the insight aims to provide ‘likely AIS disabling’ events, the insight is unable to confirm whether the gap events are intentional.
- We recommend referencing additional information sources and request supporting records from the vessel for comprehensive AIS gap events review.
",
- "insightsMOUList": "TOKYO AND/OR PARIS MOU LISTS
Overview
This insight tracks and details when the registry information on a vessel's identity indicates a flag record matching a flag on the Tokyo and/or Paris MOU Black or Grey lists based on your time range of interest. Adjust the end date of the time bar to present date to show the current vessel flag status; Extend time range to track historical changes.
Caveats
- Global Fishing Watch matches vessel identity data with over 40 public registries to validate an individual vessel and enable tracking of identity and activity changes throughout the vessel’s lifetime from construction to scrapping.
- The vessel identity insights rely solely on registry data. The insights do not consider AIS based vessel flag identity.
- The Tokyo and Paris MOU lists have been obtained consistently by GFW since mid-2021, and the insight is based on flag identity on and after 2021, not before.
- The data is maintained on an annual basis.
- While every attempt is made to ensure the insight provided is accurate and up-to-date, this cannot be guaranteed, particularly on any changes outside of the annual data update cycle.
",
- "insightsIUU": "Overview
This insight presents illegal, unreported and unregulated (IUU) listing status according to the official Regional Fisheries Management Organization (RFMO) IUU vessel lists. A vessel is defined as ‘currently listed’ if they were present on an RFMO IUU vessel list during your time range of interest. To view the vessel’s latest status, please adjust the end date of the timebar to the present date. Vessels that were on the RFMO IUU list in the past and have since been delisted (for example because of a change in ownership, or because the vessel is no longer in service), or have never been listed are indicated as ‘not listed’.
Caveats
- This insight is kept up-to-date periodically since 2017.
- The insight includes data from 13 official RFMO IUU vessel lists* only. Vessels that have a history of suspected or proven IUU or other non-compliance, but have never been listed by the relevant RFMOs will not be flagged here.
- IUU-listed and IUU-engaged vessels tend to change identities, locations, and operations frequently to evade detection. While every attempt is made to ensure the insight provided is accurate and up-to-date, this cannot be guaranteed due to delays, reporting or administrative errors resulting in incorrect display of information at the RFMO and/or in this Global Fishing Watch insight.
- Global Fishing Watch recommends to always refer to additional data sources, including verification of the original data source*, and/or request additional records from a vessel to confirm any findings.
* The 13 RFMO IUU vessel lists considered for this insight include: (Date source: TMT Combined IUU Vessel List )
- Commission for the Conservation of Antarctic Marine Living Resources (CCAMLR)
- Commission for the Conservation of Southern Bluefin Tuna (CCSBT)
- General Fisheries Commission for the Mediterranean (GFCM)
- Inter-American Tropical Tuna Commission (IATTC)
- International Commission for the Conservation of Atlantic Tunas (ICCAT)
- Indian Ocean Tuna Commission (IOTC)
- Northwest Atlantic Fisheries Organisation (NAFO)
- North East Atlantic Fisheries Commission (NEAFC)
- North Pacific Fisheries Commission (NPFC)
- South East Atlantic Fisheries Organisation (SEAFO)
- South Pacific Regional Fisheries Management Organisation (SPRFMO)
- Southern Indian Ocean Fisheries Agreement (SIOFA)
- Western and Central Pacific Fisheries Commission (WCPFC)
"
+ "insightsCoverage": "Overview
The coverage metric is an estimate of how well a vessel’s activities outside of port, i.e. where it travelled and what it did, can be captured by the vessel’s AIS data for the time range of interest. A vessel’s AIS coverage metric is critical to interpreting vessel activity information. The higher the coverage percentage, the greater confidence on the accuracy of events listed to represent the vessel’s actual activities. To calculate the coverage metric, all voyages linked to a vessel in the selected time range are segmented into one hour blocks, and the proportion of each hour block a vessel in a voyage has at least one AIS transmission. An ‘N/A’ value could be due to no reported activity for the vessel in the selected time range. This could be of poor coverage, but may also be the result of inactivity e.g. the vessel undergoing maintenance. In these cases, we recommend you check additional information sources and request supporting records from the vessel.
Caveats
- As the AIS coverage metric is calculated based on voyages, eg. the vessel’s activity between port visits, coverage is reflective of the time and AIS reception quality while a vessel is active at sea rather than at port.
- Voyage is defined based on port visits (exit and entry). Any issue detecting port visits for a vessel may result in lower accuracy of the AIS coverage calculation.
- The coverage metric does not distinguish between a lack of activity (non-event) and poor transmission resulting in disability to detect a true event.
Learn more
Learn more about our work on transmission gaps
",
+ "insightsFishing": "Overview
Global Fishing Watch (GFW) analyzes and applies a fishing detection algorithm based on AIS data collected from vessels. Each AIS broadcast data point is classified as either “apparently fishing” or not fishing, and further reviewed to determine individual “fishing events”.
Based on the time range of interest, the following two insights are reviewed:
- Any apparent fishing events detected in areas with no known RFMO authorization
- Any apparent fishing events detected in no-take MPAs
Fishing in areas with no known RFMO authorization
GFW indicates any apparent fishing events in areas with no known RFMO authorization compiled from 7 Regional Fisheries Management Organisation (RFMO) lists*.
Caveats
- The insight covers the listed RFMO areas only*.
- The insight does not include national registration or licensing lists.
Fishing in no-take Marine Protected Areas (MPAs)
This insight is presented by cross-referencing any apparent fishing events in the boundaries of no-take MPAs (Source: World Database on Protected Areas ).
Caveats
- Events close to boundary lines may be reported as being inside an MPA boundary. We recommend that you check the vessel track positions on the map alongside adding the MPA layer to confirm exact operation.
- There may be variability in no-take MPA permissions and restrictions based on seasonal closures and gear restrictions.
General caveats
- Due to limited access to national databases, the insights do not consider other unknown authorizations e.g. seasonal closures, fishing authorisation within EEZs.
- All references to activity events (e.g. fishing), should be understood in the context of GFW's algorithms, which are best efforts to determine apparent fishing activity events based on AIS data collected.
- While the insights provide potential events, GFW recommends to visually inspect vessel tracks, always refer to additional information sources, and request records from a vessel to confirm any findings.
* The 7 RFMO lists considered for the authorization insight include:
- Commission for the Conservation of Southern Bluefin Tuna (CCSBT)
- Inter-American Tropical Tuna Commission (IATTC)
- International Commission for the Conservation of Atlantic Tunas (ICCAT)
- Indian Ocean Tuna Commission (IOTC)
- North Pacific Fisheries Commission (NPFC)
- South Pacific Regional Fisheries Management Organisation (SPRFMO)
- Western and Central Pacific Fisheries Commission (WCPFC)
Learn more
Learn more about how apparent fishing is estimated through Global Fishing Watch’s technology , and the difference between apparent fishing effort and fishing events. ",
+ "insightsFlagsChanges": "Overview
This insight tracks and details when the registry information available on a vessel indicates the vessel has been flagged to more than one unique flag state during the time range of interest, indicating a potential flag change. Adjust the end date of the time bar to present date to show the current vessel flag; Extend time range to track historical changes.
Caveats
- Global Fishing Watch matches vessel identity data with over 40 public registries to validate an individual vessel and enable tracking of identity and activity changes throughout the vessel’s lifetime from construction to scrapping.
- The vessel identity insights rely solely on registry data. The insights do not consider AIS based vessel flag identity.
- The quantity and quality of available registry data vary by flag state, thereby introducing uneven degrees of vessel identity information.
- Conflicts between information sources can occur leading to incorrect identification of vessel flags. This is more common for vessels not listed on public registries and vessels operating under multiple flags within a short time range.
- While every attempt is made to ensure the insight provided is accurate and up-to-date, this cannot be guaranteed, particularly on any changes outside of the monthly data update cycle.
Learn more
Global Fishing Watch works to offset the lack of public registry data by complementing with other data sources and advocating for transparency in regional and national fora. Learn more about:
Vessel identity and characterization ",
+ "insightsGaps": "Overview
AIS devices are designed to continually broadcast a vessel’s position to avoid collisions. Thus, when a vessel has an extended gap in AIS transmissions or positions, it can potentially indicate intentional AIS disabling or suspicious behavior.
The AIS off events insight is based on the time range of interest.
Global Fishing Watch records all AIS gap events over six hours, and then applies a set of filters below to identify those gaps we believe to be intentional AIS disabling rather than technical failures. The filter criteria for ‘likely disabling’ are:
- The gap event must be at least 12 hours;
- The gap must start at least 50 nautical miles (nm) from shore;
- The gap must start in an area with a satellite reception quality greater than 10 positions per day;
- The vessel must have at least 14 satellite positions in the 12 hours prior to the gap.
Caveats
- The dataset used to formulate this insight remains in prototype stage, which means it is still under quality assurance processes with possibility of data issues and may not include the most up-to-date data points or changes.
- Gaps outside of the above filter criteria (e.g. activity within 50 nm) are not recognised. Using this AIS off events insight to evaluate activity within 50 nm from shore for example would be uninformative and potentially misleading.
- Gaps shorter than 12 hours are not considered for this insight due to variability of satellite orbit timings.
- Gap events less than 50 nm from shore (inshore) are also not considered, due to differences in satellite and terrestrial AIS with satellite AIS reception generally decreases closer to shore coupled by higher vessel density resulting in signal interference.
- The AIS reception quality estimates used to identify the insights are based on data for 2017- 2019 from Welch et al. (2022) while we work to automate monthly estimates from 2019 until present day.
- While the insight aims to provide ‘likely AIS disabling’ events, the insight is unable to confirm whether the gap events are intentional.
- We recommend referencing additional information sources and request supporting records from the vessel for comprehensive AIS gap events review.
",
+ "insightsMOUList": "Overview
This insight tracks and details when the registry information on a vessel's identity indicates a flag record matching a flag on the Tokyo and/or Paris MOU Black or Grey lists based on your time range of interest. Adjust the end date of the time bar to present date to show the current vessel flag status; Extend time range to track historical changes.
Caveats
- Global Fishing Watch matches vessel identity data with over 40 public registries to validate an individual vessel and enable tracking of identity and activity changes throughout the vessel’s lifetime from construction to scrapping.
- The vessel identity insights rely solely on registry data. The insights do not consider AIS based vessel flag identity.
- The Tokyo and Paris MOU lists have been obtained consistently by GFW since mid-2021, and the insight is based on flag identity on and after 2021, not before.
- The data is maintained on an annual basis.
- While every attempt is made to ensure the insight provided is accurate and up-to-date, this cannot be guaranteed, particularly on any changes outside of the annual data update cycle.
",
+ "insightsIUU": "Overview
This insight presents illegal, unreported and unregulated (IUU) listing status according to the official Regional Fisheries Management Organization (RFMO) IUU vessel lists. A vessel is defined as ‘currently listed’ if they were present on an RFMO IUU vessel list during your time range of interest. To view the vessel’s latest status, please adjust the end date of the timebar to the present date. Vessels that were on the RFMO IUU list in the past and have since been delisted (for example because of a change in ownership, or because the vessel is no longer in service), or have never been listed are indicated as ‘not listed’.
Caveats
- This insight is kept up-to-date periodically since 2017.
- The insight includes data from 13 official RFMO IUU vessel lists* only. Vessels that have a history of suspected or proven IUU or other non-compliance, but have never been listed by the relevant RFMOs will not be flagged here.
- IUU-listed and IUU-engaged vessels tend to change identities, locations, and operations frequently to evade detection. While every attempt is made to ensure the insight provided is accurate and up-to-date, this cannot be guaranteed due to delays, reporting or administrative errors resulting in incorrect display of information at the RFMO and/or in this Global Fishing Watch insight.
- Global Fishing Watch recommends to always refer to additional data sources, including verification of the original data source*, and/or request additional records from a vessel to confirm any findings.
* The 13 RFMO IUU vessel lists considered for this insight include: (Date source: TMT Combined IUU Vessel List )
- Commission for the Conservation of Antarctic Marine Living Resources (CCAMLR)
- Commission for the Conservation of Southern Bluefin Tuna (CCSBT)
- General Fisheries Commission for the Mediterranean (GFCM)
- Inter-American Tropical Tuna Commission (IATTC)
- International Commission for the Conservation of Atlantic Tunas (ICCAT)
- Indian Ocean Tuna Commission (IOTC)
- Northwest Atlantic Fisheries Organisation (NAFO)
- North East Atlantic Fisheries Commission (NEAFC)
- North Pacific Fisheries Commission (NPFC)
- South East Atlantic Fisheries Organisation (SEAFO)
- South Pacific Regional Fisheries Management Organisation (SPRFMO)
- Southern Indian Ocean Fisheries Agreement (SIOFA)
- Western and Central Pacific Fisheries Commission (WCPFC)
"
}
diff --git a/apps/fishing-map/public/locales/source/translations.json b/apps/fishing-map/public/locales/source/translations.json
index 37f594be44..68fe9bcfa1 100644
--- a/apps/fishing-map/public/locales/source/translations.json
+++ b/apps/fishing-map/public/locales/source/translations.json
@@ -811,7 +811,7 @@
"flagChanges": "Flag changes",
"flagChangesCount": "{{count}} flag changes",
"flagChangesEmpty": "No flag changes",
- "MOULists": "MOU Lists",
+ "MOULists": "Tokyo and Paris MOU Lists",
"MOUListsEmpty": "Flying under a flag/flags not present on the Tokio or Paris MOU black or grey lists",
"MOUParisListsCount": "Flag present on the Paris MOU black or grey list ({{flags}})",
"MOUTokyoListsCount": "Flag present on the Tokyo MOU black or grey list ({{flags}})",