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操作系统课程设计实验报告

实验名称：内存监视

一、实验目的

  • 学习编程查询系统内存布局及内存使用情况。
  • 了解windows系统的内存机制。

二、实验内容

设计一个内存监视器，能实时地显示当前系统中内存的使用情况，包括系统地址空间的布局，物理内存的使用情况；能实时显示某个进程的虚拟地址空间布局和工作集信息等。

三、实验环境

  • CPU：intel core i7
  • 内存：8G ddr4
  • windows系统：win 10
  • 开发工具：Visual Studio 2017 社区版

四、程序设计与实现

  • Print Menu

    • 负责打印用户交互界面。 
      void PrintMenu()
{
    printf("%s* * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *\n", BK);
    printf("%s*                  Memory Monitor               *\n", BK);
    printf("%s*                                               *\n", BK);
    printf("%s*  a.Show Performance Information               *\n", BK);
    printf("%s*  b.Show Memory Status                         *\n", BK);
    printf("%s*  c.Show System Information                    *\n", BK);		
    printf("%s*  d.Query All Process Control Information      *\n", BK);
    printf("%s*  e.Query Single Process Control Information   *\n", BK);
    printf("%s*                                               *\n", BK);
    printf("%s* * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *\n", BK);
    printf("\n\n\nPlease choose function.\n( q to quit. )\n");
}

  • Show Performance Information

    • 使用系统调用GetPerformanceInfo()获得存储器信息并打印。 
      void a()
{
    struct _PERFORMANCE_INFORMATION
        pi;
    GetPerformanceInfo(&pi, sizeof(pi));
    printf("\n\n");
    printf("%sCommit Total:                  | %u\n", BK, pi.CommitTotal);
    printf("%sCommit Limit:                  | %u\n", BK, pi.CommitLimit);
    printf("%sCommit Peak:                   | %u\n", BK, pi.CommitPeak);
    printf("%sPhysical Total:                | %u\n", BK, pi.PhysicalTotal);
    printf("%sPhysical Available:            | %u\n", BK, pi.PhysicalAvailable);
    printf("%sSystem Cache:                  | %u\n", BK, pi.SystemCache);
    printf("%sKernel Total:                  | %u\n", BK, pi.KernelTotal);
    printf("%sKernel Paged:                  | %u\n", BK, pi.KernelPaged);
    printf("%sKernel Nonpaged:               | %u\n", BK, pi.KernelNonpaged);
    printf("%sPage Size                      | %.2f KB\n", BK, pi.PageSize / 1024.0);
    printf("%sHandle Count:                  | %u\n", BK, pi.HandleCount);
    printf("%sProcess Count:                 | %u\n", BK, pi.ProcessCount);
    printf("%sThread Count:                  | %u\n", BK, pi.ThreadCount);
    printf("\n\n");
}

  • Show Memory Status

    • 使用系统调用GlobalMemoryStatusEx ()获得存储器信息并打印。 
      void b()
{
    struct _MEMORYSTATUSEX mi;
    mi.dwLength = sizeof(mi);
    GlobalMemoryStatusEx(&mi);
    printf("\n\n");
    printf("%sMemory Load:                    | %.2f%%\n", BK, (float)mi.dwMemoryLoad);
    printf("%sTotle Memory:                   | %.2f GB\n", BK, mi.ullTotalPhys / 1024.0 / 1024.0 / 1024.0);
    printf("%sAvail Memory:                   | %.2f GB\n", BK, mi.ullAvailPhys / 1024.0 / 1024.0 / 1024.0);
    printf("%sTotal PageFile:                 | %.2f GB\n", BK, mi.ullTotalPageFile / 1024.0 / 1024.0 / 1024.0);
    printf("%sAvail PageFile                  | %.2f GB\n", BK, mi.ullAvailPageFile / 1024.0 / 1024.0 / 1024.0);
    printf("%sTotal Virtual:                  | %.2f GB\n", BK, mi.ullTotalVirtual / 1024.0 / 1024.0 / 1024.0);
    printf("%sAvail Virtual:                  | %.2f GB\n", BK, mi.ullAvailVirtual / 1024.0 / 1024.0 / 1024.0);
    printf("\n\n");
}

  • Show System Information

    • 使用系统调用GetSystemInfo ()获得存储器信息并打印。 
      void c()
{
    SYSTEM_INFO si;
    GetSystemInfo(&si);
    printf("\n\n");
    printf("%sPage Size:                      | %d KB\n", BK, (int)si.dwPageSize / 1024);
    printf("%sMinimumApplicationAddress:      | 0x%0.8x \n", BK, si.lpMinimumApplicationAddress);
    printf("%sMaximumApplicationAddress:      | 0x%0.8x \n", BK, si.lpMaximumApplicationAddress);
    printf("%sNumberOfProcessors:             | %d\n", BK, si.dwNumberOfProcessors);
    printf("%sProcessor Type                  | %d\n", BK, si.dwProcessorType);
    printf("%sAllocation Granularity:         | %d KB\n", BK, (int)si.dwAllocationGranularity / 1024);
    printf("%sProcessor Level:                | %d\n", BK, si.wProcessorLevel);
    printf("\n\n");
}

  • Query All Process Control Information

    • 得到当前进程信息的快照，并查询第一个，将进程信息存入pe。

      PROCESSENTRY32 pe;
pe.dwSize = sizeof(pe);
HANDLE hps = CreateToolhelp32Snapshot(TH32CS_SNAPPROCESS, 0);
int find = Process32First(hps, &pe);

    • 循环查询快照中所有进程信息并输出，hp存放打开进程的句柄，pmc存放进程内存信息。

      while (find)
    {
        if (pid == -1 || pe.th32ProcessID == pid)
        {
            //SetLastError(0);
            
            HANDLE hp = OpenProcess(PROCESS_ALL_ACCESS, FALSE, pe.th32ProcessID);
            
            //printf("error: %d\n", GetLastError());

            PROCESS_MEMORY_COUNTERS pmc;
            GetProcessMemoryInfo(hp, &pmc, sizeof(pmc));
        
            if (pid == -1)
            {
                wprintf(L"%12d                        %ls", pe.th32ProcessID, pe.szExeFile);
                for (int i = 1; i <= (70 - (int)wcslen(pe.szExeFile)); i++)
                    printf(" ");
                printf("%.2fKB\n", pmc.WorkingSetSize / 1024.0);
            }
            else
            {
                printf("%sProcess Id:                     | %d\n", BK, pe.th32ProcessID);
                wprintf(L"                        Process Name:                   | %ls\n", pe.szExeFile);
                printf("%sWorkingSet Size:                | %.2fKB\n", BK, pmc.WorkingSetSize / 1024.0);
            }

            MEMORY_BASIC_INFORMATION mbi;
            LPCVOID pb = (LPVOID)si.lpMinimumApplicationAddress;

            if(pid != -1)
                printf("%sMemory Information:\n", BK);

            //......
        }
    }

  • Query Single Process Control Information

    • 输出进程id，名称等基本信息。从程序可寻址的最低地址开始查询进程各内存块的大小状态等。 
      while (pid!=-1 && pb < si.lpMaximumApplicationAddress)
{
    
    VirtualQueryEx(hp, pb, &mbi, sizeof(mbi));
    LPCVOID ped = (PBYTE)pb + mbi.RegionSize;
    
    printf("%s0x%8x - 0x%8x (%.2f MB)    state: ", BK, pb, ped, mbi.RegionSize / 1024.0 / 1024.0);
    
    switch (mbi.State)
    {
    case MEM_COMMIT:
        printf("COMMIT  ");
        break;
    case MEM_FREE:
        printf("FREE    ");
        break;
    case MEM_RESERVE:
        printf("RESERVE ");
        break;
    }
    printf("   type: ");
    switch (mbi.Type)
    {
    case MEM_IMAGE:
        printf("IMAGE ");
        break;
    case MEM_MAPPED:
        printf("MAPPED ");
        break;
    case MEM_PRIVATE:
        printf("PRIVATE ");
        break;
    }
    printf("\n");
    pb = ped;	
}

五、实验结果

  • Show Performance Information A
  • Show Memory Status B
  • Show System Information C
  • Query All Process Control Information DA
  • Query Single Process Control Information DS