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PowerShell in Azure Cloud Shell Quickstart

This document details how to use the PowerShell in Cloud Shell in the Azure portal.

Start cloud shell

  1. Click on Cloud Shell button from the top navigation bar of the Azure portal
  2. You will see PowerShell cloud console appears at the bottom part of the portal
  3. Azure PowerShell drive will appear as follows
Requesting a Cloud Shell... Succeeded.
Connecting terminal...

Welcome to Azure Cloud Shell (Private Preview)

Type "dir" in "Azure:" drive to see your subscriptions.
Type "help" to learn more about the shell features.

VERBOSE: Authenticating to Azure services ...
VERBOSE: Building your Azure drive ...
PS Azure:\>

Run PowerShell commands

Run regular PowerShell commands in the PowerShell Cloud Shell, such as:

PS Azure:\> Get-Date
Wednesday, May 24, 2017 11:05:09 AM

PS Azure:\> Get-AzureRmVM -Status

ResourceGroupName       Name       Location                VmSize   OsType     ProvisioningState  PowerState
-----------------       ----       --------                ------   ------     -----------------  ----------
MyResourceGroup2        Demo        westus         Standard_DS1_v2  Windows    Succeeded           running
MyResourceGroup         MyVM1       eastus            Standard_DS1  Windows    Succeeded           running
MyResourceGroup         MyVM2       eastus   Standard_DS2_v2_Promo  Windows    Succeeded           deallocated

Navigate Azure Resources

  1. List your subscriptions

    PS Azure:\> dir

  2. cd to your preferred subscription

    PS Azure:\> cd MySubscriptionName
PS Azure:\MySubscriptionName>

  3. Use cd and dir to access other Azure resources. The following examples illustrate how to navigate to your virtual machines.

    PS Azure:\MySubscriptionName\MyResourceGroup\Microsoft.Compute\virtualMachines> dir

VMName     Location        ProvisioningState VMSize         OS            SKU             OSVersion AdminUserName NetworkInterfaceName
------     --------        ----------------- ------         --            ---             --------- ------------- --------------------
MyVM1      northcentralus  Succeeded         Basic_A1       WindowsServer 2016-Datacenter latest    AdminUser     demo371
MyVM2      northcentralus  Succeeded         Standard_A1_v2 WindowsServer 2016-Datacenter latest    AdminUser     demo231
Demo       northcentralus  Succeeded         Standard_F1    WindowsServer 2016-Datacenter latest    AdminUser     demo219

Note: You may notice that the second time when you type dir, the PowerShell console is able to display the items much faster. This is because the child items are cached in memory for a better user experience. However, you can always use dir -force to get fresh data.

Interact with VMs

Invoke PowerShell script across remote VMs

Assuming you have a VM, MyVM1, let's use Invoke-AzureRmVMCommand to invoke a PowerShell scriptblock on the remote machine.

Invoke-AzureRmVMCommand -Name MyVM1 -ResourceGroupName MyResourceGroup -Scriptblock {Get-ComputerInfo} -EnableRemoting

You can also navigate to the virtualMachines directory first and run Invoke-AzureRmVMCommand as follows.

PS Azure:\> cd MySubscriptionName\MyResourceGroup\Microsoft.Compute\virtualMachines
PS Azure:\MySubscriptionName\MyResourceGroup\Microsoft.Compute\virtualMachines> Get-Item MyVM1 | Invoke-AzureRmVMCommand -Scriptblock{Get-ComputerInfo}

You will see output like below:

PSComputerName                                          : 65.52.28.207
RunspaceId                                              : 2c2b60da-f9b9-4f42-a282-93316cb06fe1
WindowsBuildLabEx                                       : 14393.1066.amd64fre.rs1_release_sec.170327-1835
WindowsCurrentVersion                                   : 6.3
WindowsEditionId                                        : ServerDatacenter
WindowsInstallationType                                 : Server
WindowsInstallDateFromRegistry                          : 5/18/2017 11:26:08 PM
WindowsProductId                                        : 00376-40000-00000-AA947
WindowsProductName                                      : Windows Server 2016 Datacenter
WindowsRegisteredOrganization                           :
 ...

Note: You may see the following error due to the default windows firewall settings for WinRM

Ensure the WinRM service is running. Please Remote Desktop into the VM for the first time and ensure it can be discovered.

We recommend you try the following:

  • Make sure your VM is running. You can run Get-AzureRmVM -Status to find out the VM Status

  • Add a new firewall rule on the remote VM to allow WinRM connections from any subnet, e.g.,

    New-NetFirewallRule -Name 'WINRM-HTTP-In-TCP-PSCloudShell' -Group 'Windows Remote Management' -Enabled True -Protocol TCP -LocalPort 5985 -Direction Inbound -Action Allow -DisplayName 'Windows Remote Management - PSCloud (HTTP-In)' -Profile Public

    You can use Azure custom script extension to avoid logon to your remote VM for adding the new firewall rule. You can save the above script to a file, say addfirerule.ps1, and upload it to your Azure storage container. Then try the following command:

    Get-AzureRmVM -Name MyVM1 -ResourceGroupName MyResourceGroup | Set-AzureRmVMCustomScriptExtension -VMName MyVM1 -FileUri https://mystorageaccount.blob.core.windows.net/mycontainer/addfirerule.ps1 -Run 'addfirerule.ps1' -Name myextension

Interactive Logon to a remote VM

You can use Enter-AzureRmVM to interactively logon to a VM running in Azure.

Enter-AzureRmVM -Name MyVM1 -ResourceGroupName MyResourceGroup -EnableRemoting

You can also navigate to the virtualMachines directory first and run Enter-AzureRmVM as follows

PS Azure:\MySubscriptionName\MyResourceGroup\Microsoft.Compute\virtualMachines> Get-Item MyVM1 | Enter-AzureRmVM

List available commands

Under Azure drive, type Get-AzureRmCommand to get context specific Azure commands.

Alternatively, you can always use Get-Command *azurerm* -Module AzureRM.* to find out the available Azure commands.

Install modules

You can run Install-Module to install modules from the PowerShellGallery.com.

Get-Help

Type Get-Help to get information about PowerShell in Azure cloud shell.

PS Azure:\> Get-Help

For a specific command, you can still do Get-Help followed by a cmdlet, for example,

PS Azure:\> Get-Help Get-AzureRmVM

Use Azure File Storage to store your data

You can create a script, say helloworld.ps1 and save it to your clouddrive to use it across shell sessions.

cd C:\users\ContainerAdministrator\CloudDrive
PS C:\users\ContainerAdministrator\CloudDrive> vim .\helloworld.ps1
# Add the content, such as 'Hello World!'
PS C:\users\ContainerAdministrator\CloudDrive> .\helloworld.ps1
Hello World!

Next time when you use PowerShell in Cloud Shell, the helloworld.ps1 file should still exist under the CloudDrive folder mounts your Azure cloud files share.

User Custom Profile

If you want to customize your environment, you can create a PowerShell profile, name it as Microsoft.PowerShell_profile.ps1 and save it under the clouddrive so that it can be loaded to every PowerShell session when you launch the Cloud Shell.

For how to create a profile, please refer to About Profiles.

Run az cli commands

Follow the Azure Cloud Shell quickstart, to see examples of running az cli commands.

Exit the console

Type exit to close the session.