diff --git a/backend/src/db/utils.ts b/backend/src/db/utils.ts
index 68c4005963..ee66e88565 100644
--- a/backend/src/db/utils.ts
+++ b/backend/src/db/utils.ts
@@ -1,40 +1,82 @@
 import { Knex } from "knex";
-
 import { TableName } from "./schemas";
 
-export const createJunctionTable = (knex: Knex, tableName: TableName, table1Name: TableName, table2Name: TableName) =>
-  knex.schema.createTable(tableName, (table) => {
-    table.uuid("id", { primaryKey: true }).defaultTo(knex.fn.uuid());
-    table.uuid(`${table1Name}Id`).unsigned().notNullable(); // Foreign key for table1
-    table.uuid(`${table2Name}Id`).unsigned().notNullable(); // Foreign key for table2
-    table.foreign(`${table1Name}Id`).references("id").inTable(table1Name).onDelete("CASCADE");
-    table.foreign(`${table2Name}Id`).references("id").inTable(table2Name).onDelete("CASCADE");
-  });
+interface JunctionTableOptions {
+  table1PrimaryKey?: string;
+  table2PrimaryKey?: string;
+  indexForeignKeys?: boolean;
+}
+
+export const createJunctionTable = async (
+  knex: Knex,
+  tableName: TableName,
+  table1Name: TableName,
+  table2Name: TableName,
+  options: JunctionTableOptions = {}
+): Promise<void> => {
+  const {
+    table1PrimaryKey = 'id',
+    table2PrimaryKey = 'id',
+    indexForeignKeys = false
+  } = options;
+
+  // Check if the table already exists
+  const tableExists = await knex.schema.hasTable(tableName);
+  
+  if (!tableExists) {
+    await knex.schema.createTable(tableName, (table) => {
+      table.uuid("id", { primaryKey: true }).defaultTo(knex.fn.uuid());
+      
+      // Create foreign key columns
+      table.uuid(`${table1Name}Id`).unsigned().notNullable();
+      table.uuid(`${table2Name}Id`).unsigned().notNullable();
+      
+      // Set up foreign key constraints
+      table.foreign(`${table1Name}Id`)
+        .references(table1PrimaryKey)
+        .inTable(table1Name)
+        .onDelete("CASCADE");
+      
+      table.foreign(`${table2Name}Id`)
+        .references(table2PrimaryKey)
+        .inTable(table2Name)
+        .onDelete("CASCADE");
+      
+      // Add indexes on foreign key columns if specified
+      if (indexForeignKeys) {
+        table.index(`${table1Name}Id`);
+        table.index(`${table2Name}Id`);
+      }
+    });
+  }
+};
 
 // one time logic
 // this is a postgres function log to set updateAt to present time whenever row gets updated
-export const createUpdateAtTriggerFunction = (knex: Knex) =>
-  knex.raw(`
-CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION on_update_timestamp() RETURNS TRIGGER AS $$ BEGIN NEW."updatedAt" = NOW();
-RETURN NEW;
-END;
-$$ LANGUAGE plpgsql;
-`);
+export const createUpdateAtTriggerFunction = async (knex: Knex): Promise<void> => {
+  await knex.raw(`
+    CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION on_update_timestamp() RETURNS TRIGGER AS $$ BEGIN NEW."updatedAt" = NOW();
+    RETURN NEW;
+    END;
+    $$ LANGUAGE plpgsql;
+  `);
+};
 
-export const dropUpdatedAtTriggerFunction = (knex: Knex) =>
-  knex.raw(`
-DROP FUNCTION IF EXISTS on_update_timestamp() CASCADE;
-`);
+export const dropUpdatedAtTriggerFunction = async (knex: Knex): Promise<void> => {
+  await knex.raw(`
+    DROP FUNCTION IF EXISTS on_update_timestamp() CASCADE;
+  `);
+};
 
-// we would be using this to apply updatedAt where ever we wanta
-// remember to set `timestamps(true,true,true)` before this on schema
-export const createOnUpdateTrigger = (knex: Knex, tableName: string) =>
-  knex.raw(`
-CREATE TRIGGER "${tableName}_updatedAt"
-BEFORE UPDATE ON ${tableName}
-FOR EACH ROW
-EXECUTE PROCEDURE on_update_timestamp();
-`);
+export const createOnUpdateTrigger = async (knex: Knex, tableName: string): Promise<void> => {
+  await knex.raw(`
+    CREATE TRIGGER "${tableName}_updatedAt"
+    BEFORE UPDATE ON ${tableName}
+    FOR EACH ROW
+    EXECUTE PROCEDURE on_update_timestamp();
+  `);
+};
 
-export const dropOnUpdateTrigger = (knex: Knex, tableName: string) =>
-  knex.raw(`DROP TRIGGER IF EXISTS "${tableName}_updatedAt" ON ${tableName}`);
+export const dropOnUpdateTrigger = async (knex: Knex, tableName: string): Promise<void> => {
+  await knex.raw(`DROP TRIGGER IF EXISTS "${tableName}_updatedAt" ON ${tableName}`);
+};