这里是一些在 Kotlin 中经常使用的习语。如果你有特别喜欢的习语想要贡献出来,赶快发起 pull request 吧。
data class Customer(val name: String,val email: String)
给 Customer 类提供如下方法:
--为所有属性添加 getters ,如果为 var 类型同时添加 setters --
equals()
--haseCode()
--toString()
--copy()
--component1()
,component1()
, ... 参看数据类
fun foo(a: Int = 0, b: String = "") {...}
val positives = list.filter { x -> x >0 }
或者更短:
val positives = list.filter { it > 0 }
println( "Name $name" )
when (x) {
is Foo -> ...
is Bar -> ...
else -> ...
}
for ((k, v) in map) { print("$k -> $v") }
k,v 可以随便命名
### 使用 ranges```kotlin
for (i in 1..100) { ... }
for (i in 2..10) { ... }
val list = listOf("a", "b", "c")
### 只读map
```kotllin
val map = mapOf("a" to 1, "b" to 2, "c" to 3)
println(map["key"])
map["key"] = value
val p: String by lazy {
}
fun String.spcaceToCamelCase() { ... } "Convert this to camelcase".spcaceToCamelCase()
### 创建单例模式```kotlin
object Resource {
val name = "Name"
}
val files = File("Test").listFiles() println(files?.size)
### 如果不为空...否则... 的简写```kotlin
val files = File("test").listFiles()
println(files?.size ?: "empty")
val data = ... val email = data["email"] ?: throw IllegalStateException("Email is missing!")
### 如果不为空执行某操作```kotlin
val date = ...
data?.let{
...//如果不为空执行该语句块
}
fun transform(color: String): Int { return when(color) { "Red" -> 0 "Green" -> 1 "Blue" -> 2 else -> throw IllegalArgumentException("Invalid color param value") } }
### try-catch 表达式
```kotlin
fun test() {
val result = try {
count()
}catch (e: ArithmeticException) {
throw IllegaStateException(e)
}
//处理 result
}
fun foo(param: Int){ val result = if (param == 1) { "one" } else if (param == 2) { "two" } else { "three" } }
### 方法使用生成器模式返回 Unit
```kotlin
fun arrOfMinusOnes(size: Int): IntArray{
return IntArray(size).apply{ fill(-1) }
}
fun theAnswer() = 42
与下面的语句是等效的
```kotlin
fun theAnswer(): Int {
return 42
}
这个可以和其它习惯用语组合成高效简洁的代码。譬如说 when 表达式:
fun transform(color: String): Int = when (color) {
"Red" -> 0
"Green" -> 1
"Blue" -> 2
else -> throw IllegalArgumentException("Invalid color param value")
}
class Turtle {
fun penDown()
fun penUp()
fun turn(degrees: Double)
fun forward(pixels: Double)
}
val myTurtle = Turtle()
with(myTurtle) { //draw a 100 pix square
penDown()
for(i in 1..4) {
forward(100.0)
turn(90.0)
}
penUp()
}
val stream = Files.newInputStream(Paths.get("/some/file.txt"))
stream.buffered().reader().use { reader ->
println(reader.readText())
}