Awesome programming languages

The list of 637 programming languages that you might be interested in. If you like exploring programming languages, or you are making your own programming language, then it's place for you. Here you can find interesting programming languages that are not well known or promote your own programming language. Also, it's the place to look for a new ideas and inspiration. Feel free to make a contribution.

A (38):

A+ - A+ is a powerful and efficient programming language. It is freely available under the GNU General Public License. It embodies a rich set of functions and operators, a modern graphical user interface with many widgets and automatic synchronization of widgets and variables, asynchronous execution of functions associated with variables and events, dynamic loading of user compiled subroutines, and many other features. Execution is by a rather efficient interpreter. A+ was created at Morgan Stanley. Primarily used in a computationally-intensive business environment, many critical applications written in A+ have withstood the demands of real world developers over many years. Written in an interpreted language, A+ applications tend to be portable.
ABC - ABC is an interactive programming language and environment for personal computing, originally intended as a good replacement for BASIC. It was designed by first doing a task analysis of the programming task.ABC is easy to learn (an hour or so for someone who has already programmed), and yet easy to use. Originally intended as a language for beginners, it has evolved into a powerful tool for beginners and experts alike.
ABCL - ABCL: An Object-Oriented Concurrent System. The tenet of our ABCL research project is to exploit both paralle. lism and object orientation. Parallelism is ubiquitous in our problem domains; parallelism is not only the source of computational power, but also promotes structural simplicity/naturalness in design and algorithm. Object-orientation accompanying parallelism, enhances system modularity, flexibility, and safety.
ACCEPT - ACCEPT, an approximate compiler for C and C++ programs based on Clang. Think of it as your assistant in breaking your program in small ways to trade off correctness for performance.
Ada - A programming language for readable, correct, and performant software. Get started with Alire, the Ada package manager.
Adept - A blazing fast language for general purpose programming.
AdvSys - AdvSys - A Language for Writing Text Adventure Games
Agda - Agda is a dependently typed functional programming language. It has inductive families, i.e., data types which depend on values, such as the type of vectors of a given length. It also has parametrised modules, mixfix operators, Unicode characters, and an interactive Emacs interface which can assist the programmer in writing the program.
Agena - Agena is an easy-to-learn procedural programming language suited to be used in scientific, mathematical, scripting, networking, and many other applications. Binaries are available for Solaris, Windows, Linux, OS/2, Mac OS X, Raspberry Pi and DOS.
Aith - Low level functional programming language with linear types, Generalized Inline Functions, levity polymorphism and regions. Aith is a perfomant systems programming language with am empathises on type systems. As of now Aith is very early stages and very little is implemented.
Alan - Alan is a Autoscalable Programming Language:
- 🔭 Predictable runtime for all computations - A program is represented as DAG(s) where the running time for all computations can be predicted because there is no unbounded recursion or iteration;
- ⛓ Automatic IO concurrency and parallelism across events and arrays - Alan exploits opportunities for IO concurrency or CPU parallelization across machines in a cluster via arrays and a static event loop without threads, channels, promises, futures, locks, etc;
- ✅ Almost no runtime errors - No deadlocks, livelocks, undefined variables, divide-by-zero, integer under/overflow, array out-of-bounds access, etc;
- ⚡️ No GC pauses - Alan’s runtime manages memory allocation, access, and deallocation for you like Java, Python, or Javascript. However, Alan’s static event system and automatic event-oriented memory model does so without garbage collector pauses.
Albatross - Albatross is
- A Programming Language with Static Verification: You can develop programs and algorithms and prove them to be correct in Albatross.
- A Proof Assistant: Arbitrary mathematical theories can be expressed and proved in Albatross
- A Theorem Prover: It has a proof engine which supports you significantly in doing proofs.
Alda - Alda is a text-based programming language for music composition. It allows you to compose and play back music using only your text editor and the command line.
Alumina - Alumina is an imperative, general-purpose, statically typed, compiled system programming language. Alumina is heavily inspired by Rust, especially in terms of syntax and standard library API. Unlike Rust, however, Alumina is not memory-safe and it requires manual memory management.
Amiga E - E is an object-oriented/procedural/unpure functional/whatever language with quite a popular implementation on the amiga. It’s mainly influenced by languages such as C++, Ada, Lisp etc., and features extremely fast compilation, inline assembler, large set of integrated functions, powerful module concept, flexible type-system, quoted expressions, immediate and typed lists, parametric and object polymorphism, exception handling, inheritance, data-hiding, methods, multiple return values, default arguments, register allocation, fast memory management, unification, LISP-Cells, macro-preprocessing, a very powerful source-level debugger, gui-toolkit, library linker, and then some.
AMPL - AMPL is the most powerful and intuitive tool for developing and deploying complex optimization solutions in business & scientific applications. AMPL connects to most commercial and open-source solvers and allows you to switch easily between them.
AngelScript - AngelScript is an extremely flexible cross-platform scripting library designed to allow applications to extend their functionality through external scripts. It has been designed from the beginning to be an easy to use component.
Ante - Ante is a low-level functional language for exploring refinement types, lifetime inference, and other fun features. In general, ante is low-level (no GC, values aren't boxed by default) while also trying to be as readable as possible by encouraging high-level approaches that can be optimized with low-level details later on.
Antimony - Antimony is a general-purpose toy language. Its primary goal is to be simple and easy to understand, not to be efficient.
Ape - Ape is an easy to use programming language and library written in C. It's an offspring of Monkey language, but it evolved to be more procedural with variables, loops, operator overloading, modules, and more.
Apex - Apex is an interface definition language (IDL) for modeling software. Generate source code, documentation, integration, everything automatically.
APL - APL (named after the book A Programming Language) is a programming language developed in the 1960s by Kenneth E. Iverson. Its central datatype is the multidimensional array. It uses a large range of special graphic symbols to represent most functions and operators, leading to very concise code. It has been an important influence on the development of concept modeling, spreadsheets, functional programming, and computer math packages. It has also inspired several other programming languages.
APLX - is an advanced, second generation implementation of the APL language, closely based on IBM's APL2, but with a number of important enhancements.
April - April (Array Programming Re-Imagined in Lisp) - The APL programming language (a subset thereof) compiling to Common Lisp.
Arend - Arend is a theorem prover and a programming language based on Homotopy Type Theory.
Argo - Pragmatic functional programming language.
Argon - Argon is an interpreted multi-paradigm dynamically typed programming language. Its syntax is mainly influenced by Python, Go and Rust.
Ark - Ark is a tiny, fast, and somewhat useful programming language focused on runtime stability and simple code syntax. Every instruction is a single character, but it is NOT an esolang. (anymore)
Ark - Ark is a systems programming language focused on being practical and pragmatic. We want a language that is simple, easy to write, yet powerful enough to create readable, performant and concise code for any problem
ArkScript - ArkScript is a small, fast, functional and scripting language for C++ projects ; the syntax is inspired by Lisp. It's a scripting language aiming for high portability and easily embedding in C++ projects, with a few nice features such as tail call optimization and macros.
Arturo - Arturo is an independently-developed, modern programming language, vaguely related to various other ones - including but not limited to Logo, Rebol, Forth, Ruby, Haskell, D, SmallTalk, Tcl, and Lisp. The language has been designed following some very simple and straightforward principles: a) Code is just a list of words and symbols, b) Words and symbols within a block are interpreted - when needed - according to the context, c) No reserved words or keywords - look for them as hard as you can; there are absolutely none.
astro - Astro is a fun programming language designed for safe high-performance applications. It is essentially a statically-typed systems language that
- facilitates rapid prototyping,
- features high-level abstractions with zero overhead,
- ensures memory safety without a (tracing) Garbage Collector, and
- supports data-race-free concurrency.
Atom - is a programmable, register based virtual machine for Win32 computers. The program is a text-base console application. The VM can be programmed using a neo-assembler language called Atom Assembler. This document discusses the VM and explains each opcode in Atom Assembler.
ATS - ATS is a statically typed programming language that unifies implementation with formal specification. It is equipped with a highly expressive type system rooted in the framework Applied Type System, which gives the language its name. In particular, both dependent types and linear types are available in ATS.
Austral - A systems programming language that uses linear types to provide memory safety and capability-secure code. [linear types]
AutoIt v3 - is a freeware BASIC-like scripting language designed for automating the Windows GUI and general scripting. It uses a combination of simulated keystrokes, mouse movement and window/control manipulation in order to automate tasks in a way not possible or reliable with other languages (e.g. VBScript and SendKeys). AutoIt is also very small, self-contained and will run on all versions of Windows out-of-the-box with no annoying "runtimes" required! AutoIt was initially designed for PC "roll out" situations to reliably automate and configure thousands of PCs. Over time it has become a powerful language that supports complex expressions, user functions, loops and everything else that veteran scripters would expect.
Avail - Avail is a multi-paradigmatic general purpose programming language whose feature set emphasizes support for articulate programming. Avail is an open-source project that comprises a language virtual machine and a standard library.
AWKA - Awka is an open-source implementation of the AWK programming language. Awka is not an interpreter like Gawk, Mawk or Nawk, but instead it converts the program to ANSI-C, then compiles this using gcc or a native C compiler to create a binary executable. This means you must have an ANSI C compiler present on your system for Awka to work.

B (36):

B4X - Simple, powerful and modern development tools. With B4X, anyone who wants to, can develop real-world solutions.
Backlang - A new Rust, C# inspired Language for .Net
BAIK - BAIK is a scripting language which syntax is in Indonesian for Windows and Linux on Server, Desktop, Laptop and Embedded Computer, including IoT. It supports GPIO, Animation, PDF, UTF8, Printer, OOP, GUI, CGI, Databases, Graphics and TCP/IP.
Bait - Bait is a compiled general purpose programming language with a simple syntax but still powerful feature set and standard library for building reliable software.
Ballerina - Ballerina is an open-source programming language for the cloud that makes it easier to use, combine, and create network services.
Barn - Barn is a simple programming language written in GoLang and compiled to C++. Syntax is very simple, and Barn can call C/C++ functions natively so creating new bindings should be easy. Barn was written with the goal of being as fast and easy to use as possible. Barn is just a little project with which I can chill and just code.
BCPL - BCPL ("Basic Combined Programming Language") is a procedural, imperative, and structured programming language. A stripped down and syntactically changed version of BCPL, called B, was the language on which the C programming language was based. BCPL introduced several features of many modern programming languages, including using curly braces to delimit code blocks.
Beads - The Beads project is a daring attempt to generate a new language that will replace the current popular toolchain stack of HTML/CSS/JS/+Frameworks+Database, with a single language.
Beanshell - BeanShell is a small, free, embeddable Java source interpreter with object scripting language features, written in Java. BeanShell dynamically executes standard Java syntax and extends it with common scripting conveniences such as loose types, commands, and method closures like those in Perl and JavaScript.
Beef - Beef is a performance-oriented compiled programming language.
Berry - A ultra-lightweight embedded scripting language optimized for microcontrollers.
Beryl - Beryl is a small, interpreted, embeddable scripting language with value semantics and first class functions. The main feature of Beryl is that the core interpreter can run without any dynamic memory allocation*, and it does not need to parse or compile scripts beforehand. It can also be built without any external dependencies, excluding some typedefines and constants needed from stddef.h and limits.h; however these could be provived from a custom header if needed.
BETA - BETA is a modern language in the Simula tradition. The resulting language is smaller than Simula in spite of being considerably more expressive. BETA is a strongly typed language like Simula, Eiffel and C++, with most type checking being carried out at compile-time. It is well known that it is not possible to obtain all type checking at compile time without sacrificing the expressiveness of the language. BETA has optimum balance between compile-time type checking and run-time type checking.
Bhl - BeHavior Language is a strictly typed programming language specifically tailored for gameplay logic scripting.
Bite - Bite is a dynamically typed, object oriented programming language. Dynamically typed, because the type of the content of a variable can change during runtime of the program. Object-oriented, because you can define classes to encapsulate your code and data. Bite uses modules, classes and functions to separate code.
BL - The Biscuit Language (BL) is simple imperative programming language using LLVM backend implemented in C. Biscuit is designed to be simple, fast and explicit. Language syntax is inspired by JAI.
Bla - We investigate an (unpure) functional language whose concept of environment is not implicit as in traditional languages, but made available explicitly as a first class value. This results in a semantics for environments that is best known from the object oriented paradigm, and gives us a united function/class concept in a very orthogonal way. We also look at the language as a real-world general purpose language, considering semantics (of type-inference, for example), implementation issues, and practical experience in using the compiler.
Blade - Blade is a simple, clean, and embeddable dynamic programming language created to be simple enough for beginners, yet powerful and expressive for professionals. It has a very small syntax set with a very low learning curve. Blade improves upon the best features of JavaScript, Python, and Ruby to give developers a familiar and powerful system that feels native for developers coming from any of these languages and an easy way to leverage the strength of any.
Blech - Blech is a language for developing reactive, real-time critical embedded software.
BlitzMax - BlitzMax is a fast cross-platform, open-source programming language.
Blue - The Blue Programming Language, A powerful, V E R Y Easy to use language, that can compile to eight of your favourite languages. A compiled, dynamically typed, object oriented programming language. Coming in at only 30 keywords, this is an easy to use language with unseen compiler speed. Blue is extremely powerful thanks to it's small, compact, file size. It was written in only 3200 lines of Haxe code.
Bob - Bob is a simple object-oriented scripting language. Bob’s syntax is similar to C or C++ but it is dynamically typed and has automatic memory management.
Bob2 - Revised version of Bob derived from the Nuon work at VM Labs
Boba - A general purpose statically-typed concatenative programming language. Key features include:
- Expressive, mostly implicit static types and kinds
- Language-incorporated unit and property tests + runners
- Algebraic effects via scoped effect handlers
- Algebraic data types and pattern matching on constructors
- Compile-time resolved function overloading
- Structurally typed tuples, records and variants
- Byte-code VM-in-Go backend with straight-forward first-order FFI access
- Familiar looping, branching, and variable definition syntax constructs
Bolin - A general purpose language that is:
- Designed to be readable;
- Automatic memory management (no gc, no rc);
- Has features not found in any other language (See a few on the highlights page)
- Matches C execution speed, occasionally Bolin is faster;
- Has a more optimal standard library;
- Compiles 2.5 million lines per second on a laptop (MacBook Air with an M2 chip).
Boo - Boo is an object-oriented, statically typed, general-purpose programming language that seeks to make use of the Common Language Infrastructure's support for Unicode, internationalization, and web applications, while using a Python-inspired syntax[2] and a special focus on language and compiler extensibility. Some features of note include type inference, generators, multimethods, optional duck typing, macros, true closures, currying, and first-class functions.
Borealis - Borealis is a small, elegant and consistent scripting language. Includes a C-like syntax that's easy to implement.
Boron - Boron is a scripting language similar to REBOL. The interpreter is a C library which may be copied under the terms of the LGPLv3.
Bosque - Bosque is an open-source project focused on developing a new Programming Language and Development Tooling Stack. The foundation of this project is the view that mechanization and automated reasoning, along with human and AI agents that leverage them, are the ideas that will define the next era of software development. The foundation of the Bosque language and stack is a carefully constructed core calculus and computation model that are uniquely amenable to automated reasoning. Building on top of this core calculus the Bosque language, as seen by a developer, is a hybrid of functional programming design, ergonomic block & assignment-based syntax, and a number of new features designed to simplify and support writing high reliability code.
BQN - An APL-like programming language. Self-hosted!
Brain - Brain is a high-level, purely object-oriented, prototype based scripting language, mostly similar to the Self language.
BRL - The Beautiful Report Language. A language designed for server-side WWW-based applications, particularly database applications. It is based on Scheme, which makes the syntax extremely simple yet powerful. This implementation is a Java Servlet using the Kawa Scheme compiler.
Brython - A Python 3 implementation for client-side web programming.
Bulfinch - Just a little toy language to learn about register-based VMs.
Buzz - A small/lightweight statically typed scripting language written in Zig.
β-Juliet - β-Juliet is a fairly minimal event-oriented language. In β-Juliet, the world is modelled as a set of events which have no inherent organization or order. Each event can be denoted with a symbol, such as DominoFalls, CatMeows, or SunSets, or (in version 2.0) a string of symbols, such as Address Line Six Goes High or Greengrocer Falls Asleep on Subway. Each event can cause other events to occur — these are termed consequences of the event. In addition, this causation may be conditional, but the only condition that is possible to check is: given two events, which one happened more recently?

C (52):

C2 - The C2 project attempts to create a new language, strongly based on C. In a nutshell, the main differences with C are:
- no more header files (too much typing)
- no includes
- packages (needed if we can't have includes)
- compiled per target (not per file)
- more logical keywords (public/local replaces static)
- integrated build system
C3 - C3 is a C-like language trying to be "an incremental improvement over C" rather than a whole new language.
C3 - C3 is a xBase language compiler for 16, 32 and 64 bit's. It generates OBJs that may be directly linked to create an executable application for Windows.
CafeOBJ - CafeOBJ is a language for writing formal (i.e. mathematical) specifications of models for wide varieties of software and systems, and verifying properties of them. CafeOBJ implements equational logic by rewriting and can be used as a powerful interactive theorem proving system. Specifiers can write proof scores also in CafeOBJ and doing proofs by executing the proof scores.
Cakelisp - A metaprogrammable, hot-reloadable, non-garbage-collected language ideal for high performance, iteratively-developed programs (especially games).
CakeML - CakeML is a verified implementation of a significant subset of Standard ML.
Calcit - Calcit is an interpreter built with Rust, and also a JavaScript code emitter. It's inspired mostly by ClojureScript. Calcit-js emits JavaScript in ES Modules syntax.
Camelot - Camelot is a language of the ML family. It is strict, first-order but allows for use-only higher-order functions. It includes object-oriented extensions, mainly for creating and using objects in an existing class hierarchy. Programmers familiar with ML or Ocaml should have no problems understanding the basic language promitives. `
Cane - A small MIDI sequencer DSL designed around vectors and euclidean rhythms.
Carbon - Carbon is fundamentally a successor language approach, rather than an attempt to incrementally evolve C++. It is designed around interoperability with C++ as well as large-scale adoption and migration for existing C++ codebases and developers.
Carp - A statically typed lisp, without a GC, for real-time applications. Carp is a small programming language designed to work well for interactive and performance sensitive use cases like games, sound synthesis and visualizations.
Cassette - A new evolutionary highlevel and readable tape language (unlike brainf), with pattern matching, arity overloading, modules, lambdas (rather quotes) and much more; All topped on with a simple and aesthetic syntax.
Castile - A simple imperative language with union types (and a compiler for same, with multiple targets)
Cat9 - Cat9 is a user shell script for LASH - a command-line shell that discriminates against terminal emulators, written in Lua. You probably have not heard of LASH before. If you really must know, check the Backstory section below. LASH just provides some basic shared infrastructure and a recovery shell. It then runs a user provided script that actually provides most of the rules for how the command line is supposed to look and behave.
ChaiScript - ChaiScript is one of the only embedded scripting language designed from the ground up to directly target C++ and take advantage of modern C++ development techniques, working with the developer how they would expect it to work. Being a native C++ application, it has some advantages over existing embedded scripting languages:
- It uses a header-only approach, which makes it easy to integrate with existing projects.
- It maintains type safety between your C++ application and the user scripts.
- It supports a variety of C++ techniques including callbacks, overloaded functions, class methods, and stl containers.
Chapel - Chapel is a modern programming language designed for productive parallel computing at scale. Chapel's design and implementation have been undertaken with portability in mind, permitting Chapel to run on multicore desktops and laptops, commodity clusters, and the cloud, in addition to the high-end supercomputers for which it was originally undertaken.
Charm - Charm is a data-oriented scripting language.
Ciao - Ciao is a modern Prolog implementation that builds up from a logic-based simple kernel designed to be portable, extensible, and modular.
Cicada - Cicada language is a dependently typed programming language and an interactive theorem prover. The aim of cicada project is to help people understand that developing software and developing mathematics are increasingly the same kind of activity, and people who practices these developments, can learn from each other, and help each other in very good ways.
Circle - Circle is the richest C++ compiler yet. Circle describes a path for evolving C++ to meet the needs of institutional users. The versioning mechanism that accommodated the development of the features above will also accommodate research into critically important areas like memory safety. Rather than insisting on a one-size-fit's-all approach to language development, project leads can opt into collections of features that best target their projects' needs. Features:
- choice types;
- pattern matching;
- interfaces and impls;
- language type erasure;
- as-expressions for safer conversions;
- a modern declaration syntax with fn and var keywords to make clearer, less ambiguous declarations;
- a simpler syntax for binary expressions, greatly reducing the likelihood of bugs caused by confusing operator precedences;
- a forward keyword to take the complexity and bugginess out of forwarding references;
- safer initializer lists, which address ambiguities when calling std::initializer_list constructors and non-std::initializer_list constructors;
- lifting lambdas to pass overload sets as function arguments;
- nine kinds of template parameters to make templates far more comprehensive;
- reflection traits to access packs of information about class types, enum types, function types, class specializations, and so on;
- pack traits for pack-transforming algorithms, like sort, unique, count, erase, difference, intersection, and so on.
Cish - A minimal, performant, strongly-typed, and multi-paradigm programming language focused on being practical and pragmatic, yet powerful enough to create readable, performant and concise code for any problem. While Cish has as much to do with Forth as Javascript has with Java, it shares the same minimalist, performance oriented approach and philosophy.
CLAIRE4 - Claire is a general-purpose programming language, best suited to application software requiring sophisticated data modeling, rule processing or problem solving. WebClaire adds extensions for fuller integration with the operating system and for programming web applications.
clio - Clio is a functional, distributed programming language that compiles to JavaScript. It runs in the browser and on the server and is made to be a suitable language for scientific programming. Clio takes advantage of multiple CPUs and multiple CPU cores (parallelism) by default, is able to use network resources, is easy to run on clusters and on the cloud.
Clip - Clip is CA-Clipper 5.3 compatible compiler for Linux-UNIX and Cygwin with new OO-model, FiveWin and GTK compatible GUI and many other useful features.
Clojure - A dialect of Lisp, and shares with Lisp the code-as-data philosophy and a powerful macro system. Clojure is predominantly a functional programming language, and features a rich set of immutable, persistent data structures. When mutable state is needed, Clojure offers a software transactional memory system and reactive Agent system that ensure clean, correct, multithreaded designs.
Clue - Clue is a programming language that compiles into Lua code with a syntax similar to languages like C or Rust. Clue tries to be almost as simple as Lua (with only a slightly more advanced syntax) but adds many optional features that can make code look better or make some things (like metatables) easier to code. Clue does not compile to a specfic version of Lua: flags can be toggled to alter the output to allow most if not all versions or modifications of Lua to be compiled to with Clue.
Cmajor - Cmajor is an experimental programming language strongly influenced by C++ and C#. It is semantically closer to C++ than C# and syntactically closer to C# than C++.
Cmajor - Cmajor is a programming language for writing fast, portable audio software. Cmajor specifically designed for writing DSP signal processing code.
COBOL - COBOL is a compiled English-like computer programming language designed for business use. It is an imperative, procedural and, since 2002, object-oriented language.
Coconut - Simple, elegant, Pythonic functional programming.
Cod - Cod is an opensource concatenative stack-based general purpose programming language. Its transpiled to C and then compiled further to a native executable using external compilers like GCC.
Cognate - Cognate is a quasi-concatenative stack oriented language that uses embedded comments to read like English prose. It is a dynamic language (yet compiled) and makes great use of combinators and higher order functions. Cognate aims to make functional programming simple, readable, and maintainable.
Common Expression Language - The Common Expression Language (CEL) implements common semantics for expression evaluation, enabling different applications to more easily interoperate.
Common Lisp - A dialect of the Lisp programming language, published in ANSI standard document ANSI INCITS 226-1994. Common Lisp is not an implementation, but rather a language specification. Several implementations of the Common Lisp standard are available, including free and open-source software and proprietary products. Common Lisp is a general-purpose, multi-paradigm programming language. It supports a combination of procedural, functional, and object-oriented programming paradigms.
Compis - Contemporary systems programming language in the spirit of C.
Component Pascal - Component Pascal is a programming language in the tradition of Niklaus Wirth's Pascal, Modula-2, Oberon and Oberon-2. It bears the name of the language Pascal and preserves its heritage, but is incompatible with Pascal. Instead, it is a minor variant and refinement of Oberon-2 with a more expressive type system and built-in string support.
Cone - Cone is a fast, fit, friendly, and safe systems programming language. Ideal for complex, data-rich programs requiring responsive performance (e.g., 3D).
Coq - Coq is a formal proof management system. It provides a formal language to write mathematical definitions, executable algorithms and theorems together with an environment for semi-interactive development of machine-checked proofs.
Core - A modern, minimal programming language. In a world in which languages add features until they collapse under their own weight, build a language that is content with itself.
Cotowali - A statically typed scripting language that transpile into POSIX sh
Covariant Script - Covariant Script is an open source, cross-platform programming language. High-performance runtime environment. Self-developed efficient compilation system. Powerful and bloat-free extension system
Cowgol - A self-hosted Ada-inspired programming language for very small systems. Cowgol is an experimental, Ada-inspired language for very small systems (6502, Z80, etc). It's different because it's intended to be self-hosted on these devices: the end goal is to be able to rebuild the entire compiler on an 8-bit micro, although we're not there yet.
Cppfront - Cppfront is an experimental compiler from a potential C++ 'syntax 2' (Cpp2) to today's 'syntax 1' (Cpp1), to learn some things, prove out some concepts, and share some ideas. This compiler is a work in progress and currently hilariously incomplete... basic functions work, classes will be next, then metaclasses and lightweight exceptions.
Crow - - Crow programs can be run directly from source.
- You can also build your program to a standalone executable. In either case, you don't need a build system.
- You can directly call C functions.
- Data is garbage collected. Don't worry about what's by-reference or by-value.
- Crow is statically typed. There's no subtyping or implicit conversion. There are no null references. Overload resolution is unambiguous.
- I/O is controlled. Normal functions can't do I/O except by invoking a lambda from a parameter.
- You can launch parallel tasks and get the result as a future.
- Mutability is controlled. The type system tracks whether a type allows access to mutable data. This ensures that mutable data is not shared across threads.
- Syntax is expression-based. Function bodies are expressions with no return needed.
- Even if and for are expressions.
- Code is flat. Most declarations are not nested inside of anything.
- Expressions are type-checked with an expected type. The same syntax like (1, 2) could be a list, tuple, vector, etc. This saves you from having to write new Foo().
- There are discriminated unions, including option types.
- There are templates; these are type-checked abstractly, not at each instantiation.
- All crow code goes in modules. There are no global declarations.
Crumb - Crumb is a high level, functional, interpreted, dynamically typed, general-purpose programming language, with a terse syntax, and a verbose standard library. It features:
- Strictly no side effects* to help you write functional code
- The ability to localize the effects of imported Crumb files.
- Dynamic typing and garbage collection.
- 0 keywords, everything is a function.
Crystal - Crystal is a language with a Ruby like sintax, statically type-checked. It supports compile-time evaluation and code generation. It compiles to efficient native code.
CSL - CSL is a simple lisp-like macro language for scripting high-level logic and data structures in a way that interfaces easily to the C programming language
CSL - The C Scripting Language (CSL) is a programming language available for Windows, OS/2 and UNIX systems. CSL follows the C syntax very closely. It is used like an interpreter: a program written with an editor can be run directly like any shell script. The CSL scripting engine can be integrated into own applications as a macro language. CSL offers two programming interfaces: A "C" API for 32-bit C compilers, and C++ class interface for selected compilers.
Cubiml - Cubiml is a simple ML-like programming language with subtyping and full type inference. You can try it out online in your browser here.
Cyber - Cyber is a fast, efficient, and concurrent scripting language. You can embed it into your applications, games, or engines on desktop or web. Cyber also comes with a CLI, so you can do scripting on your computer.
Céu - Céu is a reactive language that aims to offer a higher-level and safer alternative to C.
C∀ - C? (Cforall) is a language design extending ISO C. The purpose of the project is to engineer modern language features into C in an evolutionary rather than revolutionary way. Java is an example of the revolutionary approach of modernizing C/C++, resulting in a new language rather than an extension of its descendents. C++, Fortran 95 and Cobol 9X are examples of the evolutionary approach where modern language features are added and problems fixed within the framework of an existing language.

D (24):

D - General-purpose programming language with static typing, systems-level access, and C-like syntax.
Dachs - Dachs is a general-purpose programming language designed to be enjoyable, statically-typed and dog-friendly. Dachs is intended to be used for efficient applications and tools development, not for system programming.
Dafny - Dafny is a verification-ready programming language. As you type in your program, Dafny's verifier constantly looks over your shoulder, flags any errors, shows you counterexamples, and congratulates you when your code matches your specifications. When you're done, Dafny can compile your code to C#, Java, JavaScript or Go (more to come!), so it can integrate with your existing workflow.
Dale - Dale is a system (no GC) programming language that uses S-expressions for syntax and supports syntactic macros. The basic language is similar to C, with the following additional features:
- local type deduction;
- overloaded functions;
- anonymous functions;
- reference parameters;
- initializers and destructors;
- variants;
- namespaces;
- modules;
- concepts; and
- compiler introspection.
Dark - Darklang is an integrated language, framework, and editor for building web backends: REST API endpoints, asynchronous background workers, scheduled jobs, and persistent storage. Darklang's framework is tightly coupled to the infrastructure, and as you write code you're able to develop from real incoming requests/traces.
Dark Basic Pro - Dark Basic Pro is an open source BASIC programming language for creating Windows applications and games.
Dart - Dart is a programming language designed for client development, such as for the web and mobile apps. It is developed by Google and can also be used to build server and desktop applications. It is an object-oriented, class-based, garbage-collected language with C-style syntax. It can compile to either native code or JavaScript, and supports interfaces, mixins, abstract classes, reified generics and type inference. Primarally used with the Flutter GUI toolkit.
daScript - high-performance statically strong typed scripting language.
Derw - An Elm-inspired language that transpiles to TypeScript. Derw is a type-safe language in the ML family designed to replace or augment your TypeScript and JavaScript code - both on the client and the server. If you've never encountered an ML language before, some of the core principles - which Derw follows - is a clean and concise syntax, paired with a powerful type system.
DeviceScript - TypeScript for Tiny IoT Devices (ESP32, RP2040, ...). DeviceScript brings a TypeScript developer experience to low-resource microcontroller-based devices. DeviceScript is compiled to a custom VM bytecode, which can run in very constrained environments. [Tiny, IoT]
Dialect - Dialect is an interpreted programming language with GUI, networking, and object oriented capabilities. The Dialect language (a.k.a. Aristar Dialect Pro) source code has been released to the public under an Apache style Open Source license. The source code is available on sourceforge.net directly from the CVS repository and also as a separate zip package file.
Dictu - Dictu is a high-level dynamically typed, multi-paradigm, interpreted programming language.
Dino - High-Level scripting object-oriented language:
- Multi-precision integers
- Heterogeneous extensible arrays, array slices
- Associative tables with possibility to delete elements
- Powerful and safe class composition operation for (multiple) inheritance and traits description
- First class functions, classes, and fibers with closures, anonymous functions, classes, fibers
- Exception handling
- Concurrency
- Pattern matching
- Unicode 8 support
DML - DML is a simple templating language designed for managing web sites based in static HTML files (no CGI, SSI, etc.). It has been obsoleted by DML2 which has in turn been obsoleted by XSLT.
DML2 - DML2 is an object-oriented content storage and document formatting framework. Using a fairly simple, object-oriented language and a few templates, generating different types of media from the same source content is made easy. This tool has been obsoleted by XSLT.
Draak - Draak is a Multilanguage Macro compiler. What does that mean? Draak is a compiler that has the ablity to compile any language for any platform by being a generic compiler. It reads in a language description file and uses it to compile a program. It has two parts: parser and macros. The parser replaces Yacc and Lex, and the macros replaces the code generation for traditional compilers.
Draco - a new .NET programming language under development. If you want further details on the language itself or want to contribute ideas, head over to the language suggestions repository.
Dragon - The Dragon is an innovative and practical general-purpose language. The supported programming paradigms are imperative, object-oriented, declarative using nested structures, functional and natural programming. The language is portable (Windows, Linux, macOS, etc.) and can be used to create Console and GUI. The language is designed to be simple, small, flexible and fast.
Dream Maker - The DM (Dream Maker) language uses a syntax similar to C/C++ to build networked multi-user worlds. This reference and the accompanying guide discuss the structure and function of DM.
DustyScript - The intent of this project is to write a programming language powerful enough to retain a 8/9-yr old's interest but simple enough... that the syntax can be grasped by them
DWScript - DWScript is an object-oriented scripting engine for Delphi based on the Delphi language, with extensions borrowed from other Pascal languages (FreePascal, Prism, etc.). It introduces a few Pascal language extensions of its own as well.
Dyalect - Dyalect is a dynamic programming language for .NET platform. It is lightweight, fast and modern. Dyalect (or Dy for short) supports Windows, MacOS and Linux. Dy runs on the top of its own high performance virtual machine. It compiles fast and can be used as an embeddable language or as a scripting language of your choice. It is also a good language to learn programming. Dyalect offers modern syntax, inspired by such languages as C#, Swift, Go and Rust, first class functions, coroutines, expressive modules, a dynamic type system with an ability to extend existing types with new methods and much more.
Dylan - Dylan is a multi-paradigm functional and object-oriented programming language. It is dynamic while providing a programming model designed to support efficient machine code generation, including fine-grained control over dynamic and static behaviors.
Dyon - A rusty dynamically typed scripting language.

E (32):

E - E is an object-capability programming language and platform for writing distributed, secure, and robust software.
Easylang - An easy programming language that runs in the browser. Easylang is a rather minimalistic simple programming language. Because of the clear syntax and semantics it is well suited as a teaching and learning language. Functions for graphic output and mouse input are built into the language. The language is written in C and is open source. Main target platform is the web browser using WASM. However, it also runs natively in Windows and Linux. The one-pass parser and compiler is quite fast. In the Web IDE, each time the Enter key is pressed, the program is parsed and formatted up to the current line.
eC - An Expressive and Intuitive, C Style Object-Oriented Programming Language. eC comes bundled with the Ecere SDK, providing a comprehensive API for building apps ranging from games to business, for desktop, mobile and web platforms.
Ecstasy - Ecstasy is a new, general-purpose, programming language, designed for modern cloud architectures, and explicitly for the serverless cloud. Actually, to be completely honest, it's the most amazing programming language ever. No, really, it's that awesome.
Edina - Edina - A simple stack-oriented compiled programming language. Edina is a simple multi-paradigm programming language. It currently features a JVM compiler, a REPL and an ever expanding standard library. Edina is mostly a hobby project. Due to its stack-oriented design it's a little restrictive and hard to program in, but that's what makes it fun in my opinion.
Edward2 - Edward2 is a simple probabilistic programming language. It provides core utilities in deep learning ecosystems so that one can write models as probabilistic programs and manipulate a model's computation for flexible training and inference.
EEL - EEL is a scripting and programming language, designed specifically for hard real time applications. The primary target areas of application are control engineering and audio synthesis, but EEL should also be suitable for game scripting and for adding scripting capabilities to real time multimedia applications. The syntax is C-like, but the language is higher level than C, and "safe" in the sense that EEL programs should not be able to crash the virtual machine or the host application. EEL has dynamic typing, automatic memory management, exception handling and built-in high level data types such as vectors, arrays and tables. New such data types can be added at run time by host applications. EEL compiles into byte-code that runs on a virtual machine, which means that no explicit support for specific architectures is needed for portability. The implementation is deliberately very self contained and has few dependencies, so that it can be easily integrated into "strange" environments, such as embedded devices running real time operating systems.
Effekt - A research language with effect handlers and lightweight effect polymorphism.
Egel - Egel is an untyped concurrent functional scripting language based on eager combinator rewriting with a concise but remarkably powerful syntax.
egison - Egison is a functional programming language featuring its expressive pattern-matching facility. Egison allows users to define efficient and expressive pattern-matching methods for arbitrary user-defined data types including non-free data types such as lists, multisets, sets, trees, graphs, and mathematical expressions. This is the repository of the interpreter of Egison.
Eiffel - Based on a set of principles, including design by contract, command-query separation, the uniform-access principle, the single-choice principle, the open-closed principle, and option-operand separation.
elastiC - elastiC is a portable high-level object-oriented interpreted language with a C like syntax.
Electra - Electra is an esolang where you code like an electrician. Electra is inspired by AsciiDots. It uses instruction pointers that acts like currents in electricity. [eso]
Elena - ELENA is a general-purpose language with late binding. It is multi-paradigm, combining features of functional and object-oriented programming. Rich set of tools are provided to deal with message dispatching : multi-methods, message qualifying, generic message handlers, run-time interfaces.
ELFE - ELFE (Extensible Language for Everyday (and the Internet of Things)) is a very simple and small programming language specifcally designed for everyday programming, notably for the Internet of Things. While ELFE is a general-purpose programming language, it is designed to facilitate the configuration and control of swarms of small devices such as sensors or actuators. It can also be used as a powerful, remotely-accessible extension language for larger applications.
Elixir - A dynamic, functional language for building scalable and maintainable applications. Elixir leverages the Erlang VM, known for running low-latency, distributed, and fault-tolerant systems. Elixir is successfully used in web development, embedded software, data ingestion, and multimedia processing, across a wide range of industries.
Elm - Elm is a functional language that compiles to JavaScript. It helps you make websites and web apps. It has a strong emphasis on simplicity and quality tooling.
Elvish - Elvish is an expressive programming language and a versatile interactive shell, combined into one seamless package. It runs on Linux, BSDs, macOS and Windows.
EML - Extended ML (EML) is a framework for specification and formal development of Standard ML (SML) programs. EML specifications look just like SML programs except that axioms are allowed in signatures and in place of code in structures and functors. Some EML specifications are executable, since SML function definitions are just axioms of a certain special form. This makes EML a "wide-spectrum" language which can be used to express every stage in the development of a SML program from the initial high-level specification to the final program itself and including intermediate stages in which specification and program are intermingled.
EmojiCode - World's only programming language that's bursting with emojis. Emojicode is an open source, high-level, multi-paradigm programming language consisting of emojis. It features Object-Orientation, Optionals, Generics and Closures.
emu - Emu (The EMbeddable Utility Language) is a clean, fast, flexible and free programming language. It is designed to be embedded into other files, such as text documents, web page etc
Enchilada - Enchilada is optimized to efficiently and consistently share huge amounts of data (and code) in a distributed environment. Possible use cases:
- Distributed and authenticated computation/code;
- Distributed and authenticated dependency management.
Enterprise - Enterprise™ is a non-deterministic-unnecessarily-statically-typed™ Turing-complete-ish™, Quantum-out-of-the-box™ programming language.
Eolang - EO (stands for Elegant Objects or ISO 639-1 code of Esperanto) is an object-oriented programming language based on 𝜑-calculus. We're aware of popular semi-OOP languages and we don't think they are good enough, including Java, Ruby, C++, Smalltalk, Python, PHP, C#: all of them have something we don't tolerate. EO is not planning to become a mainstream language-this is not what we want. Our main goal is to prove to ourselves that true object-oriented programming is practically possible. Not just in books and abstract examples, but in real code that works. That's why EO is being created-to put all that "crazy" pure object-oriented ideas into practice and see whether they can work.
Erg - A statically typed language that can deeply improve the Python ecosystem.
Erlang - A programming language used to build massively scalable soft real-time systems with requirements on high availability. Some of its uses are in telecoms, banking, e-commerce, computer telephony and instant messaging. Erlang's runtime system has built-in support for concurrency, distribution and fault tolerance.
Eta - What is Eta? Eta is a pure, lazy, strongly typed functional programming language on the JVM. It brings two big ecosystems, the JVM and Haskell, together. This allows you to harness the best of both ecosystems to build your applications quickly and effectively. Eta's concurrency support helps you to build highly scalable systems.
etalk - A Simple Object-Oriented Language
Euphoria - Euphoria is a powerful but easy-to-learn and easy-to-use programming language. It has a simple syntax and structure with consistent rules, and is also easy to read. You can quickly, and with little effort, develop applications big and small for Windows and UNIX variants (Linux, FreeBSD, and OS X).
Evlan - Evlan is a programming language and a virtual machine, similar to Java/JVM or C#/.NET, but with many advantages. While Java and C# are essentially small extensions to the 35-year-old C/C++ software paradigm, Evlan makes a point of being very different.
execline - execline is a (non-interactive) scripting language, like sh - but its syntax is quite different from a traditional shell syntax. The execlineb program is meant to be used as an interpreter for a text file; the other commands are essentially useful inside an execlineb script. execline is as powerful as a shell: it features conditional loops, getopt-style option handling, filename globbing, and more. Meanwhile, its syntax is far more logical and predictable than the shell's syntax, and has no security issues.
Expr - Expression language and expression evaluation for Go.

F (42):

F - F is a pure functional concatenative language originally designed as an extension of False. F contains the list-operations of K3 and the dip combinator of Joy. Floating-point and symbolic datatypes are supported. One-time assignment is enforced in syntax. A theory of function-valence and -charge is outlined. F also contains a general continuation primitive $, and the pattern sublanguage of XY. G is a variant of F in which the K3 adverbs are implemented as primitives.
F# - a functional-first, general purpose, strongly typed, multi-paradigm programming language that encompasses functional, imperative, and object-oriented programming methods. Developed by Microsoft for the .NET platform.
F* - F* (pronounced F star) is a general-purpose functional programming language with effects aimed at program verification. It puts together the automation of an SMT-backed deductive verification tool with the expressive power of a proof assistant based on dependent types. After verification, F* programs can be extracted to efficient OCaml, F#, C, WASM, or ASM code. This enables verifying the functional correctness and security of realistic applications. The main ongoing use case of F* is building a verified, drop-in replacement for the whole HTTPS stack in Project Everest. This includes verified implementations of TLS 1.2 and 1.3 and of the underlying cryptographic primitives.
Factor - Factor is a concatenative, stack-based programming language with high-level features including dynamic types, extensible syntax, macros, and garbage collection.
Falcon - Falcon is an Open Source, simple, fast and powerful programming language, easy to learn and to feel comfortable with, and a scripting engine ready to empower mission-critical multithreaded applications. Falcon provides six integrated programming paradigms: procedural, object oriented, prototype oriented, functional, tabular and message oriented. And you don't have to master all of them; you just need to pick the ingredients you prefer, and let the code follow your inspiration.
FALSE - I designed this language in ‘93 with two particular objectives: confusing everyone with an obfuscated syntax, and designing an as powerful language as possible with a tiny implementation: in this case a compiler executable of just 1024 bytes (!), written in pure 68000 assembler.
Fantom - Fantom is a portable language that runs on the JVM and modern web browsers. It features a familiar Java-like syntax, static (and dynamic) typing, elegant system library, closures, immutability, actor concurrency, and much more.
Fanx - Fanx is a full-stack programming language base on Fantom. It is an object oriented and static typing language with elegant libraries.
FAST - FAST is a new programming language, which combines the advantages of other programming languages:
- FAST supports functions as data types
- FAST is fully object-oriented and knows multiple inheritance
- FAST has dynamical memory management and garbage collection
- FAST includes library units on its own
- FAST speaks Assembler
- FAST knows macros
- FAST has a clear and consequent syntax
- FAST compiles within tenths of seconds and creates efficient code
- FAST has lots of useful features such as e.g. the prevention of the Division by Zero error FAST programs are written as plain text and then sent thru the FAST compiler. Small and efficient code is created and a COM-File results. Up to now, FAST only compiles for MS-DOS (I just have not yet found out how to assemble a binary executable for WINDOWS).
Faust - Faust (Functional Audio Stream) is a functional programming language specifically designed for real-time signal processing and synthesis. A distinctive characteristic of Faust is to be fully compiled.
FBSL - Freestyle Basic Script Language (FBSL) is a programming language.
- It's powerful.
- It's easy to learn.
- It can produce GUI or console-based applications.
- It can produce standalone executables.
- It's free for non-commercial use.
Fe - A tiny, embeddable language implemented in ANSI C.
Felix - An advanced, statically typed, high performance scripting language with native C++ embedding.
Fennel - Fennel is a lisp that compiles to Lua. It aims to be easy to use, expressive, and has almost zero overhead compared to writing Lua directly.
ferite - ferite is a scripting language and engine all in one managable chunk. It is designed to be easily extended in terms of API, and to be used within other applications making them more configurable and useful to the end user. It has a syntax similiar to a number of other langauges but remains clean and it's own language.
ferite - ferite is a scripting language and engine all in one managable chunk. It is designed to be easily extended in terms of API, and to be used within other applications making them more configurable and useful to the end user. It has a syntax similiar to a number of other langauges but remains clean and it's own language. It's origins are from one of those "it seems like a good idea", the good idea was provoked by finding perl a real pain in the arse to embed (from what I gather it's easier nowadays). It started in the summer of 2000 (with various tries and fails within the pre-ceding two years). It is slowly maturing and should be fit for general consumption by the first quarter of 2003, by which point we start to add more exotic features.
FermaT - The FermaT Transformation System is a powerful industrial-strength program transformation system based on the WSL language. FermaT has been used sucessfully in several major assembler to C and assembler to COBOL migration projects involving the conversion of millions of lines of hand-written assembler code to efficient and maintainable C or COBOL code.
Fermat - Fermat is a computer algebra system for Macintosh, Windows, Linux, and Unix by me, Robert H. Lewis of Fordham University, that does arithmetic of arbitrarily long integers and fractions, multivariate polynomials, symbolic calculations, matrices over polynomial rings, graphics, and other numerical calculations. It is extremely fast and extremely economical of space.
Ficl - Ficl is an acronym for "Forth Inspired Command Language". Ficl is a programming language interpreter designed to be embedded into other systems as a command, macro, and development prototyping language.
Figaro - Figaro is a probabilistic programming language that supports development of very rich probabilistic models and provides reasoning algorithms that can be applied to models to draw useful conclusions from evidence. Both model representation and reasoning algorithm development can be challenging tasks. Figaro makes it possible to express probabilistic models using the power of programming languages, giving the modeler the expressive tools to create a wide variety of models. Figaro comes with a number of built-in reasoning algorithms that can be applied automatically to new models. In addition, Figaro models are data structures in the Scala programming language, which is interoperable with Java, and can be constructed, manipulated, and used directly within any Scala or Java program.
FIJI - FIJI the ForthIsh Java Interpreter is an interactive environment with a procedural syntax similar to the Forth programming language. FIJI can load, introspect, and execute Java classes and methods. FIJI's main use is for unit and component testing of Java, or for an interpreter in an all-Java environment.
Finch - Finch is a simple bytecode interpreted, purely object-oriented, prototype-based, dynamically-typed programming language. It's mostly inspired by Smalltalk, Self, and Javascript.
FiveTran - Fivetran, a FORTRAN language targeting Mako. Mako is an extremely simple stack-based virtual machine intended for the creation of video games.
FixScript - FixScript is an extensible scripting language designed for simple implementation and strong support for both backward and forward compatibility. You can use FixScript both as a standalone and embedded programming language. You can build standalone native executables for any supported platform from every platform. The best results are obtained when combined with the C language to get a very powerful tool. This way you can use the best of the two worlds, using the language for the high-level stuff and C doing the interoperability and fast stuff while having a good integration between both languages.
Flavor - Flavor (Formal Language for Audio-Visual Object Representation) is an object-oriented media representation language designed for simplifying the development of applications that involve a significant media processing component (encoding, decoding, editing, manipulation, etc.). It provides a formal way for describing any coded audio-visual or general multimedia bitstream, and it comes with a translator that can automatically generate C++/Java code from the Flavor description. The generated code can readily be used as a bitstream parser, generator or tracing tool.
Flix - Next-generation reliable, safe, concise, and functional-first programming language. Flix is a principled functional, imperative, and logic programming language developed at Aarhus University, at the University of Waterloo, and by a community of open source contributors. Flix is inspired by OCaml and Haskell with ideas from Rust and Scala. Flix looks like Scala, but its type system is based on Hindley-Milner. Two unique features of Flix are its polymorphic effect system and its support for first-class Datalog constraints. Flix compiles JVM bytecode, runs on the Java Virtual Machine, and supports full tail call elimination. A VSCode plugin for Flix is available.
Flow - a safe, functional strongly-typed programming language.
Formality - Formality is an efficient proof language. An lightweight proof-gramming language. It aims to be:
- Fast: no garbage-collection, optimal beta-reduction, massively parallel compilers.
- Secure: a powerful type system capable of proving mathematical theorems.
- Portable: the entire language desugars to a 500 lines core type-theory.
Forscape - Scientific computing language. Forscape solves engineering problems with an unprecedented level of abstraction so you get reliable results quickly. This high-level approach starts with intuitive syntax. Program with the same notation you use to write equations thanks to our innovative math rendering with semantic formatting. Matrices, fractions, symbols- write code using the same notation you use to think through problems on the whiteboard.
Forth - A procedural, stack-oriented programming language and interactive environment. Forth is used in the Open Firmware boot loader, in space applications such as the Philae spacecraft, and in other embedded systems which involve interaction with hardware. Multiple implementaitons, both proprietary and FOSS.
Fortran - A general-purpose, compiled imperative programming language that is especially suited to numeric computation and scientific computing. It has been in use for over six decades in computationally intensive areas such as numerical weather prediction, finite element analysis, computational fluid dynamics, geophysics, computational physics, crystallography and computational chemistry. It is a popular language for high-performance computing and is used for programs that benchmark and rank the world's fastest supercomputers.
FreeBASIC - FreeBASIC is a completely free, open-source, multi-platform BASIC compiler, with syntax similar to MS-QuickBASIC, that adds new features such as pointers, object orientation, unsigned data types, inline assembly, and many others.
FreeOberon - Cross-platform IDE for development in Oberon programming language made in the classical FreePascal-like pseudo-graphic style.
FreePascal - Free Pascal is a mature, versatile, open source Pascal compiler. It can target many processor architectures: Intel x86 (16 and 32 bit), AMD64/x86-64, PowerPC, PowerPC64, SPARC, SPARC64, ARM, AArch64, MIPS, Motorola 68k, AVR, and the JVM. Supported operating systems include Windows (16/32/64 bit, CE, and native NT), Linux, Mac OS X/iOS/iPhoneSimulator/Darwin, FreeBSD and other BSD flavors, DOS (16 bit, or 32 bit DPMI), OS/2, AIX, Android, Haiku, Nintendo GBA/DS/Wii, AmigaOS, MorphOS, AROS, Atari TOS, and various embedded platforms. Additionally, support for RISC-V (32/64), Xtensa, and Z80 architectures, and for the LLVM compiler infrastructure is available in the development version. Additionally, the Free Pascal team maintains a transpiler for pascal to Javascript called pas2js.
Frege - Frege is a Haskell for the JVM. It brings purely functional programing to the Java platform. Like any Haskell, it is purely functional, enjoys a strong static type system with global type inference and non-strict - also known as lazy - evaluation. Frege compiles to Java, runs on the JVM, and uses any Java library you want. It can be used inside any Java project.
FScript - FScript is an extremely simple scripting language. Its intended use is as an embedded language in other Java programs. It is very simple to embed - it can be as simple as sub-classing one class to add your own functionality. However is not a complete programming language, as it has no library of standard functions (such as IO and string processing). FScript supplies a base functionality (such as flow control, variable handling and basic math operations) that can extended by the host application.
Ftwalk - Ftwalk is a general purpose script programming language. It is based on the concepts of Awk, but has been extended to support features such as are found in languages like Perl, Python, and Ruby.
Funnel - Funnel is a programming language based on Functional Nets. Functional Nets combine key ideas of functional programming and Petri nets to yield a simple and general programming notation. They have their theoretical foundation in Join calculus.
Fusion - Fusion is a programming language which can be translated automatically to C, C++, C#, D, Java, JavaScript, Python, Swift, TypeScript and OpenCL C. Instead of writing code in all these languages, you can write it once in Fusion. [Transpiler]
Futhark - High-performance purely functional data-parallel array programming on the GPU. Futhark is a small programming language designed to be compiled to efficient parallel code. It is a statically typed, data-parallel, and purely functional array language in the ML family, and comes with a heavily optimising ahead-of-time compiler that presently generates GPU code via CUDA and OpenCL, although the language itself is hardware-agnostic and can also run on multicore CPUs.
Fux - Flawless Unambiguous Programming - A Modern, Flexible Programming Language for All. Fux is a modern and flexible programming language, perfect for use in a variety of domains by both novice and expert developers. With its efficient use of LLVM, it provides performance similar to C++, while being portable and running on a wide range of platforms.
Fuzion - A language with a focus on safety and performance. It unifies concepts found in other programming languages to improve productivity and shall provide tools for performance and correctness.

G (29):

Gambas - Gambas is a full-featured object language and development environment built on a BASIC interpreter.
GameMonkey Script - Embedded scripting language for C++ apps, tools and games.
GAML - GAML is an agent-oriented language dedicated to the definition of agent-based simulations. It takes its roots in object-oriented languages like Java or Smalltalk, but extends the object-oriented programming approach with powerful concepts (like skills, declarative definitions or agent migration) to allow for a better expressivity in models.
Garnet - what if Rust was small?
GDScript - Scripting language built into the Godot game engine. GDScript is a high-level, dynamically typed programming language used to create content. It uses a syntax similar to Python (blocks are indent-based and many keywords are similar). Its goal is to be optimized for and tightly integrated with Godot Engine, allowing great flexibility for content creation and integration.
GeneralScript - GeneralScript is a lightweight general purpose scripting engine which provides Scheme like syntax.
Genesis - Genesis is an interpreted, procedural, and Turing-complete Paleo-Hebrew programming language. Diacritical signs are forgone for simplification, though maybe Nikud can be used in prospect as a means for more reserved keywords.
GIMI - This is GIMI, the Graphical Interfaced Multitasking Interpreter. One of the few GUIs made in QuickBASIC featuring multitasking. This one has its own script language for making programs, damm fast SVGA modes, lots of programs, and more!
Giml - A functional programming language with emphasis on structural typing.
Gleam - Gleam is a type safe functional programming language for building scalable concurrent systems. It compiles to Erlang and has straightforward interop with other BEAM languages such as Erlang, Elixir and LFE.
Glee - The Glee Programming Language is a new vector oriented interpretive computer programming tool. It is inspired by array oriented languages like APL, J, and K. It attempts to deliver many of the useful and powerful features of those languages for manipulating numeric data. Further, it strives to provide new functionality for consistent and powerful manipulation of character data. It is targeted at applications where languages like PERL, Python, and Java have found secure homes. These are all scalar languages so Glee has something new to bring to the party ... vector processing.
Glide - Glide is a statically (and dynamically) typed language designed to make reading and writing data transformations easier. [refinement types]
GLMS - A scripting language focused on linear algebra, heavily inspired by GLSL and JavaScript. [algebra, shaders]
Gluon - Gluon is a static, type inferred and embeddabble language written in Rust.
Go+ - The Go+ programming language is designed for engineering, STEM education, and data science.
- A static typed language.
- The simplest engineering language that can be mastered by children (script-like style).
- Performance: as fast as Go (Go+'s main backend compiles to human-readable Go).
- Fully compatible with Go and can mix Go/Go+ code in the same package (see Go/Go+ hybrid programming).
- No DSL (Domain Specific Language) support, but it's Specific Domain Friendly (see DSL vs. SDF).
- Support Go code generation (main backend) and bytecode backend (REPL: see iGo+).
- Simplest way to interaction with C (cgo is supported but not recommended).
- Powerful built-in data processing capabilities.
Goal - Goal is an embeddable array programming language with a bytecode interpreter, written in Go. It provides both a command line intepreter (that can be used in the REPL), and a library interface. The core features are mostly there and tested, so Goal is usable both for writing useful short scripts and playing with the REPL. User testing and bug reports are welcome! Like in most array programming languages, Goal's builtins vectorize operations on immutable arrays, and encourage a functional style for control and data transformations, supported by a simple dynamic type system with little abstraction, and mutable variables (but no mutable values).
Goby - Goby is an object-oriented interpreter language deeply inspired by Ruby as well as its core implementation by 100% pure Go. Moreover, it has standard libraries to provide several features such as the Plugin system. Note that we do not intend to reproduce whole of the honorable works of Ruby syntax/implementation/libraries.
Gofra - Concatenative programming language
Gosu - Gosu is a pragmatic programming language for the JVM. It has been designed with Java developers in mind by providing a set of features that allow them to be more productive without sacrificing the benefits of Java's simple syntax and type-safety. Gosu is an object oriented language with a sprinkle of functional programming features.
GPP - GPP is a general-purpose preprocessor with customizable syntax, suitable for a wide range of preprocessing tasks. Its independence from any one programming language makes it much more versatile than the C preprocessor (cpp), while its syntax is lighter and more flexible than that of GNU m4. There are built-in macros for use with C/C++, LaTeX, HTML, XHTML, and Prolog files.
Gravity - Gravity is a powerful, dynamically typed, lightweight, embeddable programming language written in C without any external dependencies (except for stdlib). It is a class-based concurrent scripting language with modern Swift-like syntax.
Gren - Gren is a pure functional programming language that is easy to learn, but powerful in use.
Gri - Gri is a language for scientific graphics programming. The word "language" is important: Gri is command-driven, not point/click. Gri can make x-y graphs, contour graphs, and image graphs, in PostScript and (someday) SVG formats. Control is provided over all aspects of drawing, e.g. line widths, colors, and fonts. A TeX-like syntax provides common mathematical symbols.
Groovy - Groovy is a powerful, optionally typed and dynamic language, with static-typing and static compilation capabilities, for the Java platform aimed at improving developer productivity thanks to a concise, familiar and easy to learn syntax. It integrates smoothly with any Java program, and immediately delivers to your application powerful features, including scripting capabilities, Domain-Specific Language authoring, runtime and compile-time meta-programming and functional programming.
Gui4Cli - Gui4Cli is an interpreted, untyped, procedural programming language for easily creating Windows apps. It has a wide set of commands, it can be easily extended and can create self-standing executables. It is Event-driven, and intuitive and geared to creating stand-alone guis or interfaces for other, console driven programs (as it's name implies). The new version can also handle Unicode.
Guile - Guile is designed to help programmers create flexible applications that can be extended by users or other programmers with plug-ins, modules, or scripts. With Guile you can create applications and games for the desktop, the Web, the command-line, and more.
Gwion - A strongly-timed programming language aimed at music creation. Heavily inspired by ChucK.
GYS - GYS has built-in lexical and expression analyzer, but during interpretation it calls different user code for executing commands, operators, conversions and value getting. The interpreter is fully runtime - it reads code and interprets it at once. GYS doesn't generate any intermediate code. User doesn't have to use stack to implement his GYS-derived script language. The "abstract" GYS interpreter can be called within application to execute the script according to the designed language definition and functionality. The library provides an easy and clear way to define a scipt language interpreter step-by-step: developer can define next language elements:
Gödel - Gödel is a declarative, general-purpose programming language in the family of logic programming languages. It is a strongly typed language, the type system being based on many-sorted logic with parametric polymorphism. It has a module system. Gödel supports infinite precision integers, infinite precision rationals, and also floating-point numbers. It can solve constraints over finite domains of integers and also linear rational constraints. It supports processing of finite sets. It also has a flexible computation rule and a pruning operator which generalises the commit of the concurrent logic programming languages. Considerable emphasis is placed on Gödel's meta- logical facilities which provide significant support for meta-programs that do analysis, transformation, compilation, verification, debugging, and so on

H (21):

Hack - Hack is built specifically for HHVM, a high performance runtime for your Hack applications, and reconciles the fast development cycle of a dynamically typed language with the discipline provided by static typing, while adding many features commonly found in other modern programming languages.
Halide - Halide is a language for fast, portable data-parallel computation. Also Halide designed to make it easier to write high-performance image and array processing code on modern machines. Rather than being a standalone programming language, Halide is embedded in C++. This means you write C++ code that builds an in-memory representation of a Halide pipeline using Halide's C++ API. You can then compile this representation to an object file, or JIT-compile it and run it in the same process. Halide also provides a Python binding that provides full support for writing Halide embedded in Python without C++.
Hamler - Haskell-style functional programming language running on Erlang VM.
Harbour - Harbour is the free software implementation of a multi-platform, multi-threading, object-oriented, scriptable programming language, backward compatible with Clipper/xBase. Harbour consists of a compiler and runtime libraries with multiple UI and database backends, its own make system and a large collection of libraries and interfaces to many popular APIs.
Hare - Hare is a systems programming language designed to be simple, stable, and robust. Hare uses a static type system, manual memory management, and a minimal runtime. It is well-suited to writing operating systems, system tools, compilers, networking software, and other low-level, high performance tasks.
Hascal - Hascal is a general purpose and open source programming language designed to build optimal, maintainable, reliable and efficient software.
Haskell - A general-purpose, statically-typed, purely functional programming language with type inference and lazy evaluation. Designed for teaching, research and industrial application, Haskell has pioneered a number of programming language features such as type classes, which enable type-safe operator overloading. Haskell's main implementation is the Glasgow Haskell Compiler (GHC).
Haxe - High-level and strictly-typed programming language, cross-compiles to many different targets.
Hazel - Hazel, a live functional programming environment with typed holes
Hazure - A ML-Inspired programming language that transpiles to Typescript.
Hedy - Hedy is a gradual programming language to teach children programming. Gradual languages use different language levels, where each level adds new concepts and syntactic complexity. At the end of the Hedy level sequence, kids master a subset of syntactically valid Python. [children]
Heron - Heron is a small cross-platform language that was designed for ease of use, performance, and safety with a JavaScript like syntax. Heron emphasizes pure functional programming code, but looks like a traditional imperative or object-oriented code.
HGSL - A shading language that can be compiled into GLSL ES 3.0.
Hilvi - Hilvl is a programming language that is versatile but with a very small syntax. All code in hilvl are single-argument invocations of actions that belong to services. Services are the fundamental building blocks of a hilvl program. And the name hilvl reflects how this is a higher level of abstraction than objects and functions.
Hobbes - Hobbes is built for high performance integration with C/C++ applications.
Hook - Hook is an imperative, cross-platform, dynamically typed scripting language that utilizes a mutable value semantics approach.
Hope - Hope is a lazily evaluated functional programming language developed in 1970's by Ross Paterson. It influenced the design of other lazy languages such as Miranda and Haskell.
Hush - Hush is a unix shell based on the Lua programming language. Hush is written in Rust.
Hy - A dialect of Lisp that's embedded in Python.
Hylo - Hylo (formely Val) is a programming language that leverages mutable value semantics and generic programming for high-level systems programming.
Húngaro - A syntax based programming language.

I (12):

Idris - Idris is a programming language designed to encourage Type-Driven Development. In Idris, types are first-class constructs in the langauge. This means types can be passed as arguments to functions, and returned from functions just like any other value, such as numbers, strings, or lists.
Imba - Imba is a friendly full-stack programming language for the web that compiles to performant JavaScript. It has language-level support for defining, extending, subclassing, instantiating and rendering DOM nodes.
Inform 6 - The latest version of the Inform 6 compiler, used for generating interactive fiction games.
Inform 7 - Inform is a programming language for creating interactive fiction, using natural language syntax. Using natural language and drawing on ideas from linguistics and from literate programming, Inform is widely used as a medium for literary writing, as a prototyping tool in the games industry, and in education, both at school and university level (where Inform is often assigned material for courses on digital narrative). It has several times ranked in the top 100 most influential programming languages according to the TIOBE index. Created in April 2006, it was open-sourced in April 2022.
Ink - Ink is a minimal programming language inspired by modern JavaScript and Go, with functional style. Ink can be embedded in Go applications with a simple interpreter API.
Inko - Inko is a statically-typed, safe, object-oriented programming language for writing concurrent programs.
Io - Io is a pure object-oriented (relying on prototype-based paradigm) programming language focused on expressiveness through simplicity.
ISPC - Intel Implicit SPMD Program Compiler is a compiler for a variant of the C programming language, with extensions for single program, multiple data programming. Under the SPMD model, the programmer writes a program that generally appears to be a regular serial program, though the execution model is actually that a number of program instances execute in parallel on the hardware. [C dialect]
ivy - Ivy is an interpreter for an APL-like language. It is a plaything and a work in progress.
Ivy - Ivy is an extensible, dynamically typed, late binding language intended to be used as an embedded command language. It can also be used stand-alone: it can execute script files from the command line or presents a read-eval-print loop (REPL) to the user if no files are given. Ivy's extensibility is based on the fact that statements are syntactically identical to function calls. Also blocks (surrounded by braces) may be used as function arguments. Thus, new user-defined statements can be added just by defining functions. Function arguments are packaged up as thunks and may have their evaluation delayed and execution environment modified. This allows user defined functions to do many of the things that traditional language statements can do.
ivy - Ivy is an open-source machine learning framework that enables you to: 🔥 Autotune your model: Automatically find the optimal framework, compiler infrastructure and hardware for your specific use case using ivy.autotune. 🔄 Convert code into any framework: Use and build on top of any model, library, or device by converting any code from one framework to another using ivy.transpile. ⚒️ Write framework-agnostic code: Write your code once in ivy and then choose the most appropriate ML framework as the backend to leverage all the benefits and tools.
IvyScript - The IvyScript language is used to write business rules, for manipulating process data and to define data mappings for Axon.Ivy. Axon.ivy is a Digital Business Platform that simplifies and automates the interaction of humans with their digital systems. The platform is typically in charge of the most precious business cases where companies produce value."

J (16):

J - J is a high-level, general-purpose programming language that is particularly suited to the mathematical, statistical, and logical analysis of data. It is a powerful tool for developing algorithms and exploring problems that are not already well understood.
J* - J* is a dynamic embeddable scripting language designed to be as easy as possible to embed into another program. It arises from the need of having a modern scripting language with built-in support for OOP whilst mantaning simplicity of use and a low memory footprint. It can be viewed as a middle ground between Python, a more complete scripting language with lots of features and libraries, and Lua, a small and compact language that is simple to embed but doesn't provide OOP functionalities out of the box. J* tries to take the best of both worlds, implementing a fully featured class system while maintaining a small standard library and employing the use of a stack based API for communication among the language and host program, rendering embedding simple.
Jacinda - Functional, expression-oriented data processing language. APL meets AWK. A command-line tool for summarizing and reporting, powered by Rust's regex library.
Jakt - Jakt is a memory-safe systems programming language. It currently transpiles to C++.
Janet - Janet is a functional and imperative programming language and bytecode interpreter. It is a lisp-like language, but lists are replaced by other data structures (arrays, tables (hash table), struct (immutable hash table), tuples). The language also supports bridging to native code written in C, meta-programming with macros, and bytecode assembly.
Jank - Jank is a Clojure dialect which aims to offer the best of both worlds: dynamic and static. For both of these worlds, jank uses a single runtime, so the transition from one to the other is not only seamless, it can be gradual.
Jasm - A JVM assembler for the modern age.
Jinx - Embeddable scripting language for real-time applications.
JME - Java Math Expression - a powerful mathematical evaluator in Spanish and a structured script language, JMEScript, that makes use of it.
Joy - The language Joy is a purely functional programming language. Whereas all other functional programming languages are based on the application of functions to arguments, Joy is based on the composition of functions. All such functions take a stack as argument and produce a stack as value. Consequently much of Joy looks like ordinary postfix notation. However, in Joy a function can consume any number of parameters from the stack and leave any number of results on the stack. The concatenation of appropriate programs denotes the composition of the functions which the programs denote. One of the datatypes of Joy is that of quoted programs, of which lists are a special case. Some functions expect quoted programs on top of the stack and execute them in many different ways, effectively by dequoting.
JS++ - JS++ is a programming language designed for high-quality web and mobile development.
Juka - Juka Programming Language - Rapid Prototyping Language built to run on Azure Microsoft Server. Juka's goal is to be a universal programming language that can run on any platform. Juka is being built on top of .NET network and runs on any platform that supports .NET. Juka can also compile programs into executables.
Jule - Jule is an effective programming language to build efficient, fast, reliable and safe software.
Julia - Julia is a high-level, high-performance, dynamic programming language. While it is a general-purpose language and can be used to write any application, many of its features are well suited for numerical analysis and computational science.
Juliet - A general purpose programming language.
Juvix - A more elegant language for a more civilized age. Juvix synthesizes a high-level frontend syntax, dependent-linearly-typed core language, whole-program optimisation system, and backend-swappable execution model into a single unified stack for writing formally verifiable, efficiently executable smart contracts which can be deployed to a variety of distributed ledgers.

K (17):

K - A proprietary array processing programming language developed by Arthur Whitney and commercialized by Kx Systems. The language serves as the foundation for kdb+, an in-memory, column-based database, and other related financial products. The language, originally developed in 1993, is a variant of APL and contains elements of Scheme. Advocates of the language emphasize its speed, facility in handling arrays, and expressive syntax.
KAGSA - KAGSA is a new Interpreted programming language based on Python, the language will be practical and reliable in your projects.
Kalaam - Kalaam is the first-ever programming language in Hindi and has all the basic functionalities of a modern programming language. From for loops to while loops and from functions to conditional statements.
Kalyn - Self-hosting compiler from a Haskell-like Lisp directly to x86-64, developed fully from scratch.
KataScript - KataScript is a simple scripting language with familiar syntax, designed to be easily embedded in C++ applications (In-Browser Demo).
Kawa - Kawa is a general-purpose programming language that runs on the Java platform. It aims to combine:
- the benefits of dynamic scripting languages (non-verbose code with less boiler-plate, fast and easy start-up, a REPL, no required compilation step); with
- the benefits of traditional compiled languages (fast execution, static error detection, modularity, zero-overhead Java platform integration).
KCL - KCL is an open-source, constraint-based record and functional language that enhances the writing of complex configurations, including those for cloud-native scenarios. With its advanced programming language technology and practices, KCL is dedicated to promoting better modularity, scalability, and stability for configurations. It enables simpler logic writing and offers ease of automation APIs and integration with homegrown systems. [Configuration]
Kempe - Kempe is a stack-based language and toy compiler for x86_64 and aarch64. It requires the nasm assembler when targeting x86_64.
Kew - Kew is a powerful but small object-oriented programming language that offers many advanced features, including proper closures, first-class variables, relations, continuations, exceptions, dynamic variables, security, transactions, persistence....
Kin - Kin is a straightforward programming language created with the purpose of aiding Kinyarwanda speakers in easily learning programming.
Kind - A minimal, efficient and practical programming language that aims to rethink functional programming from the scratch, and make it right. Under the hoods, it is basically Haskell, except without historical mistakes, and with a modern, consistent design. On the surface, it aims to be more practical, and to look more like conventional languages. Kind is statically typed, and its types are so powerful that you can prove mathematical theorems on it.
Kitten - A statically typed concatenative systems programming language. Kitten is a statically typed, stack-based functional programming language designed for simplicity, speed, and safety. This is an in-progress implementation of that language, including:
- An interactive console for testing code;
- An interpreter;
- A native-code compiler producing static executables (incomplete).
KiXtart - KiXtart is a free-format scripting language and has rich built-in functionality for easy scripting. It supports COM (providing access to ADSI, ADO, WMI, etc) and thus is easily extensible. Since version 4.50 KiXtart comes with inbuild pre-tokenization system for faster loading and smaller scripts and providing some level of intellectual property protection through obfuscation. 4.60 is the first version with com implementation which allows you to use kixtart from any windows application. 4.70 is the latest version
Klaxon - Minimalist RPN language that compiles to x86-64 assembly
Klong - Klong is an array language, like K, but without the ambiguity. If you know K or APL, you may be disappointed by Klong. If you don't know any array languages, it might explode your brain. Use at your own risk!
Kogut - Kogut is an experimental programming language which supports impurely functional programming and a non-traditional flavor of object-oriented programming. Its semantics is most similar to Scheme or Dylan, but the syntax looks more like ML or Ruby.
Koka - Koka: a functional language with effects. Koka is a strongly typed functional-style language with effect types and handlers.

L (24):

L.in.oleum - L.in.oleum is an unstructured, untyped, procedural programming language. And more specifically, it's a form of cross-platform assembly language. It is oriented to the developement of general-purpose applications, especially when 100% portability, execution speed and module compactness is requested. This language has an almost 1:1 source-to-CPU instruction ratio, allows direct access to five general-purpose registers (performing basic operations from a theoretical 2 up to a pratical of even 10 times faster than memory-held variables), and if used well, is averagely twice as fast as C in pure computational power.
Lark - Lark is an experiment in designing a homoiconic language with a syntax inspired by SmallTalk. It's very early, so there isn't much to see yet, but you can play with it.
ldpl - Compiled programming language for Unix systems, inspired by COBOL and designed to be expressive, fast, readable and easy to learn.
Leafscript - Leafscript is a lightweight programming language created as a proof of concept by someone with no idea how to write a language. It's written entirely in Golang, and was inspired by the speed and simplicity of Lua.
Lean - Lean is an open source theorem prover and programming language being developed at Microsoft Research. Lean aims to bridge the gap between interactive and automated theorem proving, by situating automated tools and methods in a framework that supports user interaction and the construction of fully specified axiomatic proofs.
Lemick - Lemick is a programming language with BASIC syntax, it's a typed and a compiled language, its source is compiled into a platform-independent virtual machine assembler that is later transformed into a platform-dependent representation by the just-in-time compiler. Lemick supports concurrent and distributed programming (multi-threading and distributed multi-threading). Rendezvous are used for message passing; replicas and ultra-weak consistency model implement distributed shared memory simulation. Extension of exception handling mechanism, including distributed version is being developed now. Lemick favors mixed procedural and object-oriented programming style.
Leo - Leo is a functional, statically-typed programming language built for writing private applications. Leo provides a high-level language that abstracts low-level cryptographic concepts and makes it easy to integrate private applications into your stack. Leo compiles to circuits making zero-knowledge proofs practical.
Letlang - Functional language with a powerful type system.
Libra - Libra is a basic stack-based programming language simulated through Haskell. Heavily inspired by Porth and Forth
Libra - Libra - Lazy Interpreter of Binary Relational Algebra
LispE - A Lisp implementation with Data Structure, Arithmetic Type, Array Instructions, Pattern Matching and many many different instructions and libraries. LispE is a mix of functional and array languages.
LITTLE - LITTLE is a new programming language, looking like LISP, but pure Object-Oriented.
Lizard - Lizard is a domain-specific language to define and control hardware behaviour. It is intended to run on embedded systems which are connected to motor controllers, sensors etc. Most of the time it is used in combination with a higher level engine like ROS or RoSys. You can think of the microcontroller as the machine's lizard brain which ensures basic safety and performs all time-critical actions.
LMQL - LMQL is a programming language for large language models (LLMs) based on a superset of Python. LMQL offers a novel way of interweaving traditional programming with the ability to call LLMs in your code. It goes beyond traditional templating languages by integrating LLM interaction natively at the level of your program code.
Lobster - Lobster is a statically typed programming language with a Python-esque syntax that combines the advantages of an expressive type system and compile-time memory management with a very lightweight, friendly and terse syntax, by doing most of the heavy lifting for you.
Logtalk - Logtalk is a declarative object-oriented logic programming language that extends and leverages the Prolog language with modern code encapsulation and code reuse mechanisms while also providing improved predicate semantics.
Implemented as a trans-compiler in highly portable, extensively tested, and well documented code, it can use most modern and standards compliant Prolog implementations as a backend compiler.
As a multi-paradigm language, it includes support for modules, prototypes, classes, protocols (interfaces), categories (components and hot patching), event-driven programming, and high-level multi-threading programming. Distributed under a commercial friendly license, it includes full documentation, portable libraries, portable developer tools, and a large number of programming examples to help get you started.
Loko - Loko is an interactive interpreter for the Logo programming language targeting MakoVM, an extremely simple stack-based virtual machine intended for the creation of video games. Logo is best known for beginner-oriented "Turtle Graphics" functionality, but internally the language is actually a dynamically-scoped member of the Lisp family. As such, Logo provides sophisticated list manipulation facilities and support for higher-order functions.
Lox - jlox & clox implementations of educational Lox language from great book "Crafting Interpreters".
LSCRIPT - The Lcomp Scripting Engine is a scripting engine written in Visual BASIC for DOS 1.0 that can be used by a programmer to write automatated scripts to perform routine actions in DOS. It can be used as a simple automation tool or a vast programming language
LSTS - LSTS is a proof assistant and maybe a programming language. Proofs in LSTS are built by connecting terms, type definitions, and quantified statements. Terms can be evaluated to obtain Values. Types describe properties of Terms. Statements describe relations between Terms and Types.
Lua - Lua is a powerful, efficient, lightweight, embeddable scripting language. It supports procedural programming, object-oriented programming, functional programming, data-driven programming, and data description. Lua combines simple procedural syntax with powerful data description constructs based on associative arrays and extensible semantics. Lua is dynamically typed, runs by interpreting bytecode with a register-based virtual machine, and has automatic memory management with incremental garbage collection, making it ideal for configuration, scripting, and rapid prototyping.
Luau - A fast, small, safe, gradually typed embeddable scripting language derived from Lua.
Lush - Lush is an object-oriented programming language designed for researchers, experimenters, and engineers interested in large-scale numerical and graphic applications. Lush is designed to be used in situations where one would want to combine the flexibility of a high-level, weakly-typed interpreted language, with the efficiency of a strongly-typed, natively-compiled language, and with the easy integration of code written in C, C++, or other languages. Lush is Free Software (under the GPL license) and runs on GNU/Linux, Solaris, Irix, and Windows under Cygwin. Lush can be used advantageously for projects where one would otherwise use a combination of an interpreted language like Matlab, Python, Perl, S+, or even (gasp!) BASIC, and a compiled language like C. Lush brings the best of both worlds by wrapping three languages into one: (1) a weakly-typed, garbage-collected, dynamically scoped, interpreted language with a simple Lisp-like syntax, (2) a strongly-typed, lexically-scoped compiled language that uses the same Lisp-like syntax, and (3) the C language, which can be freely mixed with Lush code within a single program, even within a single function. It sounds complicated, but it is not. In fact, Lush is designed to be very simple to learn and easy to use.
Lux - Lux is a new programming language in the making. It's meant to be a functional, statically-typed Lisp that will run on several platforms, such as the Java Virtual Machine and JavaScript, Python, Lua, or Ruby interpreters.

M (47):

Macro Lambda Calculus - lambda calculus using interaction nets, providing CLI and API. Its browserified version is available as an online demo.
Magmide - A dependently-typed language intended to make provably correct code possible for working software engineers.
Magnet - Magnet is an object-oriented programming language, that is prototype-based to the point of real types being absent in favor of duck types. E.g. every object providing a read method that returns a readable, is considered "readable" (meaning it can represent a string). Since this causes a recursion, there must be some "primal" readable to end that: Such primal readable is also known as a String Object in Magnet. Furthermore, Magnet is syntax driven. This means: Everything that can be done to reduce code, retain simplicity and to amaze the developer, IS done!
Magpie - Magpie is a small dynamically-typed programming language built around patterns, classes, and multimethods. It has a prototype interpreter that runs on the JVM and an in-progress bytecode VM written in C++.
Maker - Maker, a Forth-inspired compiled language targeting Mako. Mako is an extremely simple stack-based virtual machine intended for the creation of video games.
MakoForth - MakoForth is a small Forth dialect targeting MakoVM, an extremely simple stack-based virtual machine intended for the creation of video games. MakoForth should be moderately familiar to anyone who has been exposed to ANS-Forth. The major notable differences are the use of # as line comments, loop...(break)...again|until|while looping constructs and the inclusion of syntax for inline double-quoted string constants. Cells are always 32-bit two's complement signed integers.
MANOOL - MANOOL is a programming language designed with an idea to maximize the expressive power / implementation complexity ratio.
MarkovJunior - MarkovJunior is a probabilistic programming language where programs are combinations of rewrite rules and inference is performed via constraint propagation. MarkovJunior is named after mathematician Andrey Andreyevich Markov, who defined and studied what is now called Markov algorithms.
Mash - Untyped, lightweight, crossplatform OOP language.
MASICA - An educational interactive TinyBASIC interpreter targeting MakoVM, an extremely simple stack-based virtual machine intended for the creation of video games. MASICA is designed to provide an absolute minimum of features and complexity while including what is necessary to illustrate core imperative programming concepts such as variables, iteration and conditional branches. Variable names are single letters. The MASICA interface is similar to that of early 8-bit microcomputers- a prompt which can evaluate commands immediately or store a sequence of commands prefixed with line numbers. Several commands for removing or editing existing lines are also provided.
Maude - Maude is a high-performance reflective language and system supporting both equational and rewriting logic specification and programming for a wide range of applications. Maude has been influenced in important ways by the OBJ3 language, which can be regarded as an equational logic sublanguage. Besides supporting equational specification and programming, Maude also supports rewriting logic computation.
Mbeddr - mbeddr is a set of integrated and extensible languages for embedded software engineering, plus an IDE. It supports implementation, testing, verification and process aspects. It integrates with command-line build tools and integration servers, as well as file-based version control systems. mbeddr has support for requirements and product line definition, software documentation, implementation in C and C extensions such as state machines physical units or interfaces and components, as well as testing, mocking, as well as formal verification. mbeddr comes with a state-of-the-art IDE including syntax coloring, code completion, go to definition, realtime type checks, quick fixes, refactorings, customizable find-usages, automated synchronization between related parts of the code, version control integration and debugging.
MCPL - MCPL is a simple typeless language which is based on BCPL. It makes extensive use of pattern matching somewhat related to that used in ML and Prolog, and some other features come from C.
Melody - Melody is a language that compiles to regular expressions and aims to be more easily readable and maintainable.
Mercat - Mercat is not really useful for anything much. It is, on the other hand, an excellent example of how to implement a self-hosted recursive-descent-parsed language and virtual machine
Mercury - Mercury is a logic/functional programming language which combines the clarity and the expressiveness of declarative programming with advanced static analysis and error detection features.
MetaCall - MetaCall is an extensible, embeddable, and interoperable cross-platform polyglot runtime. It supports NodeJS, Vanilla JavaScript, TypeScript, Python, Ruby, C#, Java, WASM, Go, C, C++, Rust, D, Cobol and more.
METAL - METAL is a 100% free extended BASIC language metacompiler for PowerMac.
MetaLang 99 - A functional language for C99 preprocessor metaprogramming.
Min - A small but practical concatenative programming language and shell.
MiniScript - MiniScript is modern, elegant, easy to learn, and easy to embed in your own C#, C++ or Kotlin projects.
Minsk - Minsk, a handwritten compiler in C#. It illustrates basic concepts of compiler construction and how one can tool the language inside of an IDE by exposing APIs for parsing and type checking.
Mint - A refreshing programming language for the front-end web, aiming to solve the most common issues of Single Page Applications (SPAs) at a language level:
- Reusable components
- Styling
- Routing
- Global and local state handling
- Synchronous and asynchronous computations that might fail
Mirah - Mirah is a customizable programming language featuring static types, local type inference and a heavily Ruby-inspired syntax. Mirah currently includes a typer/compiler backend for the JVM which can output JVM bytecode.
Mirth - Mirth is a new strongly-typed concatenative programming language. Mirth is inspired by Forth, Joy, Haskell, Lisp, and monoidal category theory.
Misc - Misc is a simple but powerful programming language, designed especially for performing efficient calculations. Development of the Misc Engine is currently continued as part of the Descend project
MIX/MIXAL - MIX is Donald Knuth's mythical computer as described in his monumental work The Art Of Computer Programming. As any of its real counterparts, the MIX features registers, memory cells, an overflow toggle, comparison flags, input-output devices, and a set of binary instructions executable by its virtual CPU. You can program the MIX using an assembly language called MIXAL, the MIX Assembly Language.
ML/I - ML/I is a general purpose macro processor.
mLite - a lightweight (and slightly odd) inhabitant of the ML universe. Much like ML, but with dynamic typing, guards, and a Haskell-style apply operator.
Mn - A truly minimal concatenative programming language.
Modula-2 - Modula-2 is a programming language developed by Niklaus Wirth at ETH in Zurich, Switzerland in the late 70's. Wirth also developed Algol-W, Pascal, Modula, and Oberon. Modula-2 corrects some of the deficiencies of Pascal. It is suitable for learning programming, for large projects written and maintained in the fashion of professional software engineers, and for real time embedded systems. Modula-2 is small, expressive, easy to learn and to read.
Modula-3 - Critical Mass Modula-3.
Mojo - Mojo is a new programming language that bridges the gap between research and production by combining Python syntax and ecosystem with systems programming and metaprogramming features. Mojo is still young, but it is designed to become a superset of Python over time.
Mond - A scripting language for .NET Core. You can try it in a browser here.
Monkey - Monkey is a programming language designed by Thorsten Ball.
Monkey 2 - Monkey2 is an easy to use, cross platform, games oriented programming language from Blitz Research.
Monkey X - A games oriented programming language from Blitz Research.
MoonScript - MoonScript is a dynamic scripting language that compiles into Lua. It gives you the power of one of the fastest scripting languages combined with a rich set of features.
Mops - A full featured, stand-alone development environment for programming the Macintosh written by Mike Hore. Inspired by Smalltalk and the commercial language Neon, Mops is based on Forth with extended object-oriented features such as multiple inheritance, early and late binding, persistent objects, and garbage collection.
morph - A mostly pure functional programming language
Motion - Motion is a clean, dynamically typed programming language, created in C with no dependencies.
Motorway - An esoteric programming language based around the British motorway network.
Move - Move is a programming language based on Rust that was created by Facebook for developing customizable transaction logic and smart contracts for the Libra digital currency. Every transaction submitted to the Libra blockchain uses a transaction script written in Move to encode its logic.
MUMPS - Massachusetts General Hospital Utility Multi-Programming System, or M, is a high performance transaction processing key-value database with integrated programming language. It was originally developed at Massachusetts General Hospital for managing hospital laboratory information systems. MUMPS technology has since expanded as the predominant database for health information systems and electronic health records in the United States. MUMPS-based information systems run over 40% of the hospitals in the U.S., run across all of the U.S. federal hospitals and clinics, and provide health information services for over 54% of patients across the U.S.
Mun - A programming language empowering creation through iteration.
muon - Muon is a modern low-level programming language, inspired by C, C#, Go, Rust and Python.
Myia - Myia is a new differentiable programming language. It aims to support large scale high performance computations (e.g. linear algebra) and their gradients. The main application Myia aims to support is research in artificial intelligence, in particular deep learning algorithms.

N (25):

Nasal - Nasal: Not another scripting language!
- Vectors, Hashes and Scalars (number/strings)
- "Normal" OOP syntax
- Small! 146k source code. Easily embeddable and extensible
- Functional programming
- Garbage collected
- Threadsafe
Nature - Nature is the modern systems programming language and compiler, striving for elegant and concise syntax while prioritizing the writing and reading experience for developers. Key features of nature at the language level include:
- Type system, null safety, generics, union types
- In-house compiler/assembler/linker, not reliant on llvm. Supports compilation for amd64/riscv64/wasm architectures
- Non-intrusive interaction with C for efficient and high-performance development
- Progressive GC, supports both automatic and manual GC
- Built-in vec/map/set/tup data structures
- Package and module management
- Function tags/closures/error prompts/runtime stack traces/coroutines
- Integrated SSA/linear scan register allocation/reflection/assembler & linker
Neko - Neko is a high-level dynamically typed programming language. It can be used as an embedded scripting language. It has been designed to provide a common runtime for several different languages. Learning and using Neko is very easy. You can easily extend the language with C libraries. You can also write generators from your own language to Neko and then use the Neko Runtime to compile, run, and access existing libraries.
Nelua - Nelua (stands for Native Extensible Lua) is a minimal, efficient, statically-typed and meta-programmable systems programming language heavily inspired by Lua, which compiles to C and native code.
Neptune - A fast, a dynamically typed, concurrent and embeddable scripting language.
Neut - A dependently-typed programming language with compile-time malloc/free determination.
Never - Never is a simple functional programming language. Technically it may be classified as syntactically scoped, strongly typed, call by value, functional programming language.
NewLang - NewLang is a high-level programming language that combines standard algorithmic constructs with declarative programming and tensor computing for machine learning problems. The main feature of the language is an easy, logical and non-contradictory syntax, which is not based on the use of reserved keywords, but on a strict system of grammatical rules using punctuation marks (which also includes language operators).
newRPL - newRPL is a re-implementation of the HP48/49/50 series calculators programming environment. The RPL scripting language is being redesigned and recreated with even more powerful features.
Nice - Nice is a new programming language. It extends the ideas behind object-orientation in order to better support modular programming and static type safety. It also incorporates features from functional programming, and puts into practice state-of-the-art results from academic research. This results in more expressivity, modularity and safety.
Nickle - Nickle is a programming language based prototyping environment with powerful programming and scripting capabilities. Nickle supports a variety of datatypes, especially arbitrary precision numbers. The programming language vaguely resembles C. Some things in C which do not translate easily are different, some design choices have been made differently, and a very few features are simply missing. Nickle provides the functionality of UNIX bc, dc and expr in much-improved form. It is also an ideal environment for prototyping complex algorithms. Nickle's scripting capabilities make it a nice replacement for spreadsheets in some applications, and its numeric features nicely complement the limited numeric functionality of text-oriented languages such as AWK and PERL.
Nim - Nim is a compiled, garbage-collected systems programming language with a design that focuses on efficiency, expressiveness, and elegance (in that order of priority).
Nimskull - An in development statically typed systems programming language; with sustainability at its core. We, the community of users, maintain it.
Nit - Nit is an expressive language with a script-like syntax, a friendly type-system and aims at elegance, simplicity and intuitiveness.
Nix - Expression language for the Nix package manager. The Nix expression language is a pure, lazy, functional language.
Noja - Noja is a high level language with dynamic typing inspired from CPython, which features an import system, type assertions, multiple return values and more!
North-Hollywood Python - A strongly-typed, memory-safe, compiled dialect of Python, that transpiles to human-readable C.
Nosica - Nosica is an Object-Oriented language, with a syntax similar to Java or C++, and with advanced high level features such as a strong type system, automatic memory management, and global code optimisation. Nosica is developped in Java(gcj) and is GPLed. The compiler is not very usable yet even if you can write non trivial programs. For example, the Nosica standard library already contains generic containers like Vector, or Map. The compiler translates Nosica source code into C and calls gcc to compiles the result in an executable.
notc - This is a simple interpreter with c-like syntax.
Nox - Nox is a programming language written in Rust. Memory and thread safety without compromising performance are the most important goal. Performance is also the most important goal. The language should be as simple as it possibly can given the above goals.
NPL - NPL or Neural Parallel Language is an open source, high-performance scripting language.
Nsbasic - A complete, powerful development environment. Create apps for iOS, Android, Windows, MacOS and Linux.
nScript - It is a simple script similar to C language. You can easily create small batch processes. The script has the following characteristics:
- Runs on console (WindowsCE version runs on pseudo console)
- C-like syntax
- file, socket
- array, associative array
- Regular expression
- Function execution by argument matching
NScript - NScript is a tool similar to WScript except that it allows scripts to be written in .NET languages such as C#, VB.NET and JScript.NET. NScript automatically compiles the code into an assembly in memory and executes the assembly. The NScript setup application associates NScript with ".ncs" (for C# scripts), ".nvb" (for VB.NET scripts) and ".njs" (for JScript .NET scripts) file extensions. This enables any code written in these files to be executed directly by double clicking on these files in windows explorer. I wrote this tool when I needed to write a script for automating builds. A simple batch file was not sufficient for the task and I preferred to write code in C# as opposed to VBScript or JScript. This tool came in handy as I could modify the scripts easily and execute them by double clicking on the files in windows explorer.
NullC - Fast C-like programming language with advanced features.

O (21):

Oak - A portable programming language with an incredibly compact backend.
Oberon - Oberon is a general-purpose programming language first published in 1987 by Niklaus Wirth and the latest member of the Wirthian family of ALGOL-like languages (Euler, ALGOL W, Pascal, Modula, and Modula-2).
Oberon+ - Oberon+ is a general-purpose, procedural and object-oriented programming language in the tradition of Oberon-07 and Oberon-2. The most important features of Oberon+ are block structure, modularity, separate compilation, static typing with strong type checking, generic programming, garbage collection, and type extension with type-bound procedures.
Objeck - Objeck is an object-oriented programming language with functional features. Objeck emphasizes, expression, simplicity, portability, and scalability. The programming environment consists of a compiler, virtual machine, and command line debugger with IDE plugins.
Objective Lua - Objective Lua is an almost pure superset of Lua that welds the Objective C object orientation system and syntax on top of the classic Lua language. It is written entirely in Lua and works by translating Objective Lua code into Lua code as it is loaded. This means that it's incredibly portable and incredibly fast.
Objective-J - Objective-J is a new programming language based on Objective-C. It is a superset of JavaScript, which means that any valid JavaScript code is also valid Objective-J code. Anyone familiar with JavaScript and object-oriented programming concepts, classical inheritance in particular, should have no difficulty learning Objective-J. Familiarity with Objective-C will be helpful, but it is not required.
ObjectScript - ObjectScript is a general purpose object-oriented programming language. It is designed to be simple to learn, easy to use, yet still powerful, combining the convenience of an interactive interpreter with many of the features of Java:
- a simple java-like syntax
- class system, with single inheritance and mixins
- private/protected/public fields and methods
- exceptions for error handling
- synchronization and threading
- compiles to bytecode for higher performance
- osdoc: a javadoc-like tool to extract API documents
- from src code, plus API docs accessible reflectively
- XML-RPC support
- Windows COM support
- regular expressions (requires java v1.4 or later)
OCaml - A general-purpose, industrial-strength programming language with an emphasis on expressiveness and safety. OCaml is a multi-paradigm programming language which extends the Caml dialect of ML with object-oriented features.
Ode - Ode is a stack-based, concatenative, functional programming language ..., with an interactive online development environment written in JavaScript. Ode is inspired primarily by the Joy programming language, which Ode aims to implement fully. You might even think of this language as an 'Ode to Joy'...
Odin - The Odin programming language is designed with the intent of creating an alternative to C.
Oil - Oil is a new Unix shell. It's our upgrade path from bash to a better language and runtime.
Okta - Okta is a new open source, general-purpose programming language that, although it's still in its childhood, aims to provide a simple platform to create low level, efficient software.
One - It is an open source, self-hosted, bootstrapping system programming language which makes it easy to build reliable and efficient software. One is a programming language that makes it easy to build reliable, efficient and performant software. [system]
Onyx - A data-oriented, expressive, and modern programming language
OpenComal - OpenComal is a portable and free implementation of the Comal programming language written by moi. Currently supported platforms are Unix, MsDos and Win32 (95, 98, NT, 2000, XP and whatever they come up with next :-) Comal is a crossover between Basic and Pascal, with the best features of both and none of the drawbacks of either.
OpenZz - OpenZz is an interpreted dynamic parser which is well suited to rapid development of parsing solutions, starting from rapid language prototyping to full fledged compilers. OpenZz is a dynamic LALR(1) parser which allows its grammar to be modified and extended by commands written in its own language as well as through functionality provided by external libraries. OpenZz is implemented as a C library and exports C-bindings, so it can be joined with other code libraries both by static linking and runtime module loading. OpenZz is being developed by the INFN for use in the compilation chain of the APE("ah-pei") series of highly parallel processing computers. APE systems are developed for performing LQCD physics research.
Orion - Orion is a high level, purely functional Lisp dialect.
OverScript - OverScript is a simple and powerful C-like statically-typed language written in C# and is great for both embedding in .NET programs and building standalone applications. The project was developed from scratch without looking back at traditional approaches to creating languages. The unique approach allows the language to go beyond the standard features and have great potential for improvement.
Ox - Ox is an object-oriented statistical system. At its core is a powerful matrix language, which is complemented by a comprehensive statistical library. Among the special features of Ox are its speed, well-designed syntax and editor, and graphical facilities. Ox can read and write many data formats, including spreadsheets and OxMetrics files; Ox can run most econometric Gausstm programs. Ox comes in two versions: Ox Professional and Ox Console. Ox is available for Windows, Linux, Mac (macOS), and several Unix platforms.
OxygenBasic - BASIC compiler. Run programs directly, or compile to 32/64 bit binary. Supports C headers and assembly code. Supports Unicode source scripts.
Oz - Oz is a multiparadigm programming language, developed in the Programming Systems Lab at Université catholique de Louvain, for programming language education. It has a canonical textbook: Concepts, Techniques, and Models of Computer Programming.

P (45):

P - A state machine based programming language for formally modeling and specifying complex distributed systems.
PAIP - PAIP (pipe) is a universal filter application. It uses plugins to transmit and convert data. They can be nested, so the inner structures can become quite complex (non-linear). The command-line interface is similar to a programming language and very easy.
Pascal Script - Pascal Script is an Object Pascal/Delphi/Lazarus-compatible interpreter with bytecode compiler that delivers a scripting environment for application programs.
PascalABCNet - PascalABC.NET is the new generation Pascal programming language that combines simplicity of classic Pascal, a great number of modern extensions and broad capabilities of Microsoft .NET Framework. It's ree, simple and powerful IDE. Built-in form designer for rapid development of Windows desktop applications.
Passerine - A small extensible programming language designed for concise expression with little code. Passerine is a small, concise, extensible functional scripting language, powered by a VM written in Rust.
PaxScript - paxScript is an interpreter of 4 object-oriented scripting languages: paxBasic, paxC, paxPascal and paxJavaScript
- All pax-languages support such concepts of the modern programming as namespaces, nested classes, inheritance, static(shared) members, indexed properties, default parameters, overloaded routines, operator overloading, delegates, exception handling, regular expressions, conditional compilation. If you know VB.NET, C# or Object Pascal, you are already familiar with paxScript. (more...)
- Cross-language integration. For example, you can use modules written in paxBasic and paxC in your paxPascal scripts and vice versa.
- Separate compilation of the modules.
- Direct calling dll-defined routines. All calling conventions register, pascal, cdecl, stdcall, safecall are supported. (See demo.)
- Embedding scripts into html pages.
Peachpie - PeachPie is a modern PHP compiler based on the Microsoft Roslyn compiler platform and drawing from our popular Phalanger project. It allows PHP to be executed within the .NET framework, thereby opening the door for PHP developers into the world of .NET - and vice versa.
Peregrine - You can consider it to be a dialect of python which compiles to clean C++. It will have no garbage collector because it is a system programming language.You can consider it to be a dialect of python which compiles to clean C++. It will have no garbage collector because it is a system programming language.
Peridot - An experimental language for exploring the applications of two level type theory to high-performance functional programming
Peter - Gemtree Peter is a visual programming tool designed for a simple and fast generation of the programs for Windows 95/98/NT/ME/2000/XP/Vista. Its principal characteristic is the graphical presentation of the program structure. The program sections are assembled using the mouse like a jigsaw puzzle. Thanks to the justification check of the element combinations, carried out already at the time of the program generation, there is no chance of syntactic failure origination. The program presentation by means of a tree structure enables a considerable improvement of the program lucidity. The creation of the program is quickly becoming extraordinary easy and flexible.
Pharo - Pharo is a pure object-oriented programming language and a powerful environment, focused on simplicity and immediate feedback (think IDE and OS rolled into one).
Phix - Phix is a self-hosted hybrid interpreter/compiler, developed by Pete Lomax. It is very easy to use, and similar to Euphoria.
Piccola - Piccola is a small, pure language for building applications from software components. Piccola is small in the sense that its syntax is tiny, and it is pure in the sense that it provides only compositional features — computation is performed entirely by components of the host programming language. The semantics of Piccola is defined in terms of a process calculus, an extension of Milner's pi calculus in which values communicated are forms, rather than tuples. A "form" is essentially an extensible nested record which also serves as a namespace in which expressions may be evaluated. This simple mechanism is responsible for much of the expressive power of Piccola.
Pico - Pico is a tiny but expressive programming language that was especially designed to teach advance computer science concepts to students in other sciences than computer science (such as Physics and Chemistry). In a sense, Pico can be seen as a non-trivial marriage between the power of languages like Scheme, and, the standard infix notation students are used to from ordinary calculus. A.o., Pico features garbage collected tables (i.e. arrays), higher order functions, objects, meta programming and reflection. But above all, Pico is small! Really small!
PicoLisp - PicoLisp is a programming language, a dialect of the language Lisp. Its most prominent features are simplicity and minimalism. It is built on one internal data type: a cell. On the language level, a programmer can use three different data types (numbers, symbols, and lists) being represented by cells and differentiated by bits at the end of the cell.
Pict - Pict, a concurrent programming language based on the pi-calculus. Pict is a language in the ML tradition, formed by adding a layer of convenient syntactic sugar and a static type system to a tiny core. The current release includes a Pict-to-C compiler, reference manual, language tutorial, numerous libraries, and example programs. The core language - an asynchronous variant of Milner, Parrow, and Walker's pi-calculus - has been used as a theoretical foundation for a broad class of concurrent computations. The goal in Pict is to identify high-level idioms that arise naturally when these primitives are used to build working programs - idioms such as basic data structures, protocols for returning results, higher-order programming, selective communication, and concurrent objects. The type system integrates a number of features found in recent work on theoretical foundations for typed object-oriented languages: higher-order polymorphism, simple recursive types, subtyping, and a powerful partial type inference algorithm.
Pikt - Pikt is a pixel-based, Turing complete esoteric programming language that generates fast and lightweight programs out of aesthetically pleasant image sources. Indeed, Pikt's most interesting feature is flexibility: every keyword, statement, function, operator and so on is linked to one - or more - color, which can be easily customized via color schemes.
PILL - PILL is a scripting language for applications. The syntax (based on functional languages) might look weird but it have some advantages. It contains only a minimal set of functions, applications will have to register new ones via the interpreter's API in order to make it to replay the scripts as wanted. This abstraction offers a flexible way to expand scripts abilities to virtually any domain and to allow various applications to share/re-use foreign scripts.
Pinafore - Pinafore is a language that allows you to structure information and create user interfaces for it. Currently it's at the "proof of concept" stage. You can build it from source and run it.
Pinecone - Pinecone is a brand new, easy to learn, general purpose, multi-paradigm, high performance programming language created by Sophie Winter. Work on the language began on October 4th, 2016. Pinecone can now be interpreted or transpiled to C++. The language is written from scratch (it includes an integrated lexer, parser and interpreter, etc.).
Pizza - The Pizza language is an extension to Java with three new features:
- Generics (aka Parametric polymorphism)
- Function pointers (aka First-class functions)
- Class cases and pattern matching (aka Algebraic types) Furthermore you can use the Pizza compiler embedded into other applications.
Plato - Plato is an efficient and (hopefully!) fun programming language inspired by JavaScript, TypeScript, C#, and Haskell. Plato is designed to be easy to teach and learn while being efficient and robust enough for professional coding, particularly in the realm of 3D graphics. Plato is a statically typed functional language that looks and behaves in many ways like an object-oriented scripting language, but with a lot less complexity.
PLC - PLC is a simple, powerful way to add custom scripting to any program. A basic C parser and interpreter is included, and new scripting languages can be designed easily.
Plutus - Plutus Core is the scripting language embedded in the Cardano ledger and forms the basis of the Plutus Platform, an application development platform for developing distributed applications using the Cardano blockchain.
Pocketlang - A lightweight, fast embeddable scripting language. Pocketlang is a small (~3000 semicolons) and fast functional language written in C. It's syntactically similar to Ruby and it can be learned within 15 minutes. Including the compiler, bytecode VM and runtime, it's a standalone executable with zero external dependencies just as it's self descriptive name. The pocketlang VM can be embedded in another hosting program very easily.
Polyglot - Experiment with PHP+C polyglot snippets and a transpiler written in OCaml.
Polylang - TypeScript-like language that compiles to zero knowledge computation.
Pony - Pony is a compiled, actor-model, capabilities-secure, high performance programming language that prevents concurrency mistakes such as data races and deadlocks by design with reasonable syntactic defaults. Its FFI allows Pony to interface with other languages.
Power Fx - Microsoft Power Fx is a low-code general purpose programming language based on spreadsheet-like formulas. It is a strongly typed, declarative, and functional language, with imperative logic and state management available as needed.
POWER-KI - POWER-KI allows HYBRID PROGRAMMING, i.e. the development of applications with components created with different languages in a single package, making the most of each of them. In fact from POWER-KI it is possible to directly execute PyThon code, C / C ++ code using WRAP and javascript in the Web User Interface. In this way, for example, it is possible to create applications based on Python code that take advantage of the POWER-KI Native Cloud for the user interface or create C / C ++ functions for maximum performance.
PowerMops - A full featured, stand-alone development environment for programming the Macintosh written by Mike Hore.
Preql - Preql is an interpreted, relational programming language, that specializes in database queries and compiles to SQL.
Priml - Priml is a stack-oriented scripting language based on Forth and BASIC.
Processing - Processing is a flexible software sketchbook and a language for learning how to code. Since 2001, Processing has promoted software literacy within the visual arts and visual literacy within technology. There are tens of thousands of students, artists, designers, researchers, and hobbyists who use Processing for learning and prototyping.
Prompto - The full stack language hosted in the cloud. Prompto frees you from time consuming tasks and lets you focus on making visible differences: creative web pages, meaningful data models and relevant business logic.
Prose - In distributed computing environments, getting software components to integrate and communicate with each other can involve large teams of developers, and involve significant amounts of time and money. Such projects can be very difficult to manage. PROSE is designed from the ground-up to address these challenges with a range of innovative features that are unique to the language. It consists of:
- A high-level modular scripting language, which compiles into bytecode
- An assembly language for low-level bytecode development
- An execution engine, which interprets the bytecode
- A hierarchical object tree through which all components are addressed
Prowl - The Prowl Language is a statically-typed stack-based programming language that draws from a wide range of inspirations, mainly functional, logic, and stack-based languages. However, the language is unique with its powerful program combinator system. Prowl exploits a homomorphism between string concatenation and concatenative languages that allows regex to be used as a computational and mental model for control flow. This model provides a rigid framework to solve combinatory and constraint problems (in addition to general purpose programming) yet retains performant translations into DFAs due to the regex base. With stacks for data and regex for control flow, Prowl provides a unique but ergonomic way to think about hard problems.
Pure - Pure is a modern-style functional programming language based on term rewriting. It offers equational definitions with pattern matching, full symbolic rewriting capabilities, dynamic typing, eager and lazy evaluation, lexical closures, built-in list and matrix support and an easy-to-use C interface.
Pure - A pure type system implemented in OCaml.
Pure Data - Pure Data (or just "Pd") is an open source visual programming language for multimedia. Pure Data is developed by Miller Puckette since 1996 and you can find it on his official website along with the official documentation and other related resources.
PureBasic - PureBasic is a modern BASIC programming language. The key features of PureBasic are portability (Windows, Linux, OS X and Raspberry supported with the same source code), the production of very fast and optimized native 32-bit or 64-bit executables and, of course, the very simple BASIC language syntax. PureBasic has been created for the beginner and expert alike. We have put a lot of effort into its conception to produce a fast, reliable system and friendly BASIC compiler.
PureScript - A strongly-typed functional programming language that compiles to JavaScript
PXP - A superset of PHP with extended syntax and runtime capabilities.
Pycopy - Pycopy - a minimalist and memory-efficient Python dialect. Good for desktop, cloud, constrained systems, microcontrollers, and just everything.
Pyret - Pyret is a programming language designed to serve as an outstanding choice for programming education while exploring the confluence of scripting and functional programming. It's under active design and development, and free to use or modify.

Q (7):

Q - Q is an interpreted, dynamically typed functional programming language based on term rewriting which allows you to define functions using symbolic equations. It works on (32 bit) Linux, OS X, Unix and Windows, and comes with a bunch of useful libraries which turn it into a practical programming tool. The Q programming system is free software distributed under the GPL.
Qi - Lightweight and fast programming language designed to be written in Chinese.
Qogo - This application was developed to teach 5 to 10 year olds the principles of programming via the venerable "Turtle Graphics" paradigm. It is written in TCL so it runs on all computer platforms. It features a full IDE with undo support and interactive construction as well as being able to save newly created commands as new instructions.
Quick Macros - Quick Macros - automation software for Windows 7/8/10/11. Some features:
- User interface automation, launching programs, file management, text processing, custom dialogs, internet functions, web page automation, Excel automation, database/XML/CSV functions, regular expressions, VBScript, C#.
- Many triggers, including hotkeys, mouse, window, autotext, scheduler, toolbars and menus.
- Records keyboard and mouse actions.
- Captures, finds and clicks web page objects, other UI objects, on-screen images and text.
- Programming language with functions, classes, full dll/API/COM support.
- You can create programs for various purposes. Run in Quick Macros or as exe files.
Quil - A Portable Quantum Instruction Language.
Quirrel - Quirrel - Gaijin Entertainment dynamic script language (former Squirrel).
Quorum - Quorum is a general purpose programming language designed for several purposes. First, we regularly run experiments with people at various age and experience ranges, investigating ways to make the language easier to use. Evidence gathered from these studies is filtered back into the design, making quorum an "evidence-based" programming language. Second, as our team is interested in issues of equity for all people, perhaps especially people with disabilities, we are careful to design libraries that are friendly to the broad population. This means many internal libraries in the language have support for accessibility.

R (33):

R3 - R3 is a Colorforth like laneguage, a FORTH dialect, R3 is a 64 bits, very small dictionary and simple working, strong typed, many version for windows/linux/mac and raspberry pi.
R4 - R4 is a Colorforth like laneguage, a FORTH dialect, R4 is 32bits, very small dictionary and simple working, strong typed, many version for windows/linux/mac and raspberry pi.
Racket - A general-purpose, multi-paradigm programming language and a multi-platform distribution that includes the Racket language, compiler, large standard library, IDE, development tools, and a set of additional languages including Typed Racket (a sister language of Racket with a static type-checker), Swindle, FrTime, Lazy Racket, R5RS & R6RS Scheme, Scribble, Datalog, Racklog, Algol 60 and several teaching languages.
RAD Basic - RAD Basic 100% compatible with your Visual Basic 6 projects.
Radish - Radish is an easy-to-learn, object-oriented programming language written in C#. If you know JavaScript, you know Radish.
Ragel - Ragel compiles executable finite state machines from regular languages. Ragel targets C, C++ and ASM. Ragel state machines can not only recognize byte sequences as regular expression machines do, but can also execute code at arbitrary points in the recognition of a regular language. Code embedding is done using inline operators that do not disrupt the regular language syntax.
Raku - A member of the Perl family of programming languages. Formerly known as Perl 6, it was renamed in October 2019. Raku introduces elements of many modern and historical languages. Compatibility with Perl was not a goal, though a compatibility mode is part of the specification.
RapidBATCH - A general-purpose scripting language platform for automation.
RascalMpl - Rascal Metaprogramming Language. Rascal is a programming language; such that meta programs can be created by, understood by, and debugged by programmers. Rascal primitives include immutable data, context-free grammars and algebraic data-types, relations, relational calculus operators, advanced patterns matching, generic type-safe traversal, comprehensions, concrete syntax for objects, lexically scoped backtracking, and string templates for code generation. It has libraries for integrating language front-ends, for reusing analysis algorithms, for getting typed meta-data out of version management systems, for interactive visualization, etc.
Rave - Rave is a statically typed, compiled, procedural, general-purpose programming language.
Ravi - Ravi is a dialect of Lua with limited optional static typing and features a JIT compiler powered by MIR as well as support for AOT compilation to native code.
Reason - Simple, fast & type safe code that leverages the JavaScript & OCaml ecosystems.
Red - Red is a next-generation programming language strongly inspired by Rebol, but with a broader field of usage thanks to its native-code compiler, from system programming to high-level scripting and cross-platform reactive GUI, while providing modern support for concurrency, all in a zero-install, zero-config, single 1MB file!
Renjin - JVM-based interpreter for the R language for the statistical analysis. The primary goals of the project are to provide a modern interpreter that serves as a drop-in replacement for GNU R, but is easier to integrate with other systems, offers better performance, and is more extensible.
Req - A simple and opinionated HTTP scripting language. It is designed for easily making HTTP requests, and working with their responses. Below is an example that calls out to the GitHub API and displays the user making the call.
ReScript - ReScript compiler and syntax provide the best experience to write JS and React applications. Unifying the tools in one coherent platform and core team allows us to build features that wouldn't be possible in the original BuckleScript + Reason setup.
Rewrite - Rewrite is estimated to be a Turing complete, s-expression based term rewriting system. Its original intention is operating over s-expressions to expand asserted template occurrences while aiming to be intuitive enough to introduce code templating to non-technical users. To try Rewrite within browser, please refer to Rewrite Playground.
Rexx - Rexx is a structured, high-level programming language designed for ease of learning and reading. It was developed at IBM by Mike Cowlishaw. Rexx is a full language that can be used as a scripting, macro language, and application development language. It is often used for processing data and text and generating reports. Rexx is the primary scripting language in some operating systems, e.g. OS/2, MVS, VM, AmigaOS, and is also used as an internal macro language in some other software, such as SPF/PC, KEDIT, THE and the ZOC terminal emulator. Additionally, the Rexx language can be used for scripting and macros in any program that uses Windows Scripting Host ActiveX scripting engines languages (e.g. VBScript and JScript) if one of the Rexx engines is installed.
Rhai - Rhai - An embedded scripting language for Rust.
Rhovas - Rhovas is a programming language for API design and enforcement. Using Rhovas, developers can better express the contracts and intention of their code to help create correct, maintainable software.
Ribbon - Ribbon is a dynamic interpreted programming language. It's inspired by the likes of Python, Javascript and a little bit of Lua.
Rickroll lang - A light meme based, process oriented, dynamic, strong, esoteric programming language. All of the keywords/statements are came from Rick Astley's lyrics. I believe that rick roll is not only a way to promote people's communication, it is also one of the most paramount art in the human history. The purpose of the Rickroll Language is to introduce this art to people in a distinctive way - programming.
Ring - Simple and flexible programming language for applications development. Ring is a practical general-purpose multi-paradigm language. The supported programming paradigms are Imperative, Procedural, Object-Oriented, Functional, Metaprogramming, Declarative programming using nested structures, and Natural programming. The language is portable (MS-DOS, Windows, Linux, macOS, Android, WebAssembly, etc.) and can be used to create Console, GUI, Web, Games, and Mobile applications. The language is designed to be Simple, Small, and Flexible.
Rio - A script-feeling, safe, naturally compatible replacement for C, with no runtime nor std lib of its own.
Rivet - A general-purpose programming language, focused on simplicity, safety and stability.
Robin - Robin is a functional programming language with eager evaluation, latent typing, and a homoiconic syntax (see Scheme), based on a radically simple core semantics (see Pixley) in which both functions and macros are defined in terms of a more basic abstraction, the fexpr. Expressions in Robin are referentially transparent; programs interact with the outside world through an event-oriented framework.
Roc - Roc is a language for making delightful software.
Rock - Little language made with Rust and LLVM. Aim to follow the enforced safeness of the Rust model with a borrow checker (SoonT) and achieve high native performances thanks to LLVM. Rock is highly inspired from Livescript and Rust, and will also borrow (pun intended) some features from Crystal, from functional languages like Haskell, and even from Rust itself.
Roman II - Roman II is a dynamic programming language with a naive mark and sweep garbage collector, all written from the ground up in about 5000 lines of the GNU11 dialect of C.
RPL/2 - Reverse Polish Lisp/2 release 4.1.31, half-compiled high-level language using shared libaries and mainly aiming at scientific calculations and complex algorithms
rpn - rpn - Reverse Polish Notation CLI calculator. A math functional language using reverse (postfix) polish notation
Rune - The Rune Language, an embeddable dynamic programming language for Rust.
RustScript - RustScript is a functional scripting language with as much relation to Rust as Javascript has to Java.

S (41):

SaC - Single-Assignment C is an array programming language predominantly suited for application areas such as numerically intensive applications and signal processing. Its distinctive feature is that it combines high-level program specifications with runtime efficiency similar to that of hand-optimized low-level specifications. Key to the optimization process that facilitates these runtimes is the underlying functional model which also constitutes the basis for implicit parallelisation. This makes SAC ideally suited for harnessing the full potential of a wide variety of modern architectures ranging from a few symmetric cores with shared memory to massively parallel systems that host heterogeneous components including GPUs and FPGAs.
SATySFi - SATySFi (pronounced in the same way as the verb “satisfy” in English) is a new typesetting system equipped with a statically-typed, functional programming language. It consists mainly of two “layers” ― the text layer and the program layer. The former is for writing documents in LaTeX-like syntax. The latter, which has OCaml-like syntax, is for defining functions and commands. SATySFi enables you to write documents markuped with flexible commands of your own making. In addition, its informative type error reporting will be a good help to your writing.
Scheme - Scheme is a dialect of the Lisp family of programming languages. It was the first dialect of Lisp to choose lexical scope and the first to require implementations to perform tail-call optimization, giving stronger support for functional programming and associated techniques such as recursive algorithms. It was also one of the first programming languages to support first-class continuations.
Seed7 - Seed7 is a higher level language compared to Ada, C++ and Java.
Self - Self is a prototype-based dynamic object-oriented programming language, environment, and virtual machine centered around the principles of simplicity, uniformity, concreteness, and liveness.
Senegal - Senegal is a powerful, small-but-fast, concurrent, class-based, and dynamically-typed programming language with a modern syntax.
shc - shc - Generic shell script compiler
SheerPower - Sheerpower is a next generation database and scripting language for Windows. It is supported on Windows 10, 11, and Windows Server 2016 and above.
Shiika - Shiika is a statically-typed programming language that makes me most productive.
- Easy to write like Ruby or Python;
- Static type checking (Null safety!);
- Object-oriented but has enums and pattern-matching;
- Written in Rust, compiles to single binary via LLVM IR.
Silice - A language for hardcoding algorithms into FPGA hardware
SimpleScript - SimpleScript is a simple programming tool for scripting languages (Perl, PHP, Python, Ruby, TCL) written in Obj-C/Cocoa. It can be used by experienced developers to write and test on the fly small routines, and is a good solution for educational purposes. Do not use it in production environments or to manage large projects.
Simula - This is a new Simula System created by the Open Source Project 'Portable Simula Revisited'. The project was initiated as a response to the lecture held by James Gosling at the 50th anniversary of Simula in Oslo on 27th September, 2017. This Simula System is written in Java and compiles to pure Java code with one exception, the Goto Statement need to be corrected in the byte code, which is done automatically.
Sirius - Sirius is a general-purpose programming language which could best be described as a cross between Pascal and BASIC, although that may be misleading. Syntactically, it is similar to Pascal. Functionally, it resembles languages such as VAX BASIC and Borland's Delphi. Conceptually, it is like C in some respects: minimal keywords, access to low-level programming, etc. But the main idea behind Sirius is simply a programming tool which reduces the amount of time required to write applications. For instance, the language has all of the common data types built-in, so that you don't have to reinvent the wheel for linked lists, binary trees, queues, stacks, and the like. It also allows static strings and dynamic strings with automatic garbage collection.
SISC - SISC is an extensible Java based interpreter of the algorithmic language Scheme. SISC uses modern interpretation techniques, and handily outperforms all existing JVM interpreters (often by more than an order of magnitude).
Slang - Statically typed scripting language... syntax errors should be catched at design time!
Slang - S-Lang is a multi-platform programmer's library designed to allow a developer to create robust multi-platform software. It provides facilities required by interactive applications such as display/screen management, keyboard input, keymaps, and so on. The most exciting feature of the library is the slang interpreter that may be easily embedded into a program to make it extensible. While the emphasis has always been on the embedded nature of the interpreter, it may also be used in a stand-alone fashion through the use of slsh, which is part of the S-Lang distribution.
SMAL - The machine independant SMAL assembler and linker supports conditional and macro assembly and all linkage editing operations commonly associated with languages such as FORTRAN and C. It comes with a user's manual that also explains how to customize it to support a variety of machine instruction sets.
SmallBASIC - SmallBASIC is a fast and easy to learn BASIC language interpreter ideal for everyday calculations, scripts and prototypes. SmallBASIC includes trigonometric, matrices and algebra functions, a built in IDE, a powerful string library, system, sound, and graphic commands along with structured programming syntax.
Solidity - Solidity is an object-oriented programming language for implementing smart contracts on various blockchain platforms, most notably, Ethereum.
Soul - Soul is an esoteric concatenative one-stack language, a small explorative language with an interpreter written in a day. Most concatenative languages work on a state, often that's another stack. For example, Forth has a data and return stack and Postscript has an extra stack outputting to a page. Soul is a minimalist language that provides one thing, and one thing only, the one sole stack.
SOUL - The SOUL language is a small, carefully crafted DSL for writing real-time DSP code. Its design goals are to be fast, secure, safe, and simple for even beginners to learn. The SOUL runtime is a collection of tools and technologies for running SOUL code with very high efficiency, on heterogeneous CPUs and DSPs, both locally and remotely.
SPA - A simple interpreter of a pseudo assembler language.
sparcl - Sparcl: A Language for Partially-Invertible Computation. This is an implementation of a system presented in the paper: Kazutaka Matsuda and Meng Wang: Sparcl: A Language for Partially-Invertible Computation, ICFP 2020.
SPARK - SPARK stands for the Scanning, Parsing, and Rewriting Kit. It formerly had no name, and was referred to as the "little language framework." The first version (circa 1998) was described in the paper Little Languages in Python at the 7th International Python Conference.
Sphinx - Sphinx is a dynamically typed programming language that is inspired by Lua and Python, and implemented entirely in Rust!
SpiderBasic - SpiderBasic is new web client-side programming language based on established BASIC rules. Its allows development of very complex, windowed based web applications, including mobile app for iOS and Android. It provides a large commandset to handle complex and reactive GUI, 2D games, and many more in a coherent manner. Every library and commands behave the same and have similar syntax for easier and faster learning.
Spiral - Functional language with intensional polymorphism and first-class staging.
Squilu - A scripting language that accepts a subset of javascript and C/C++.
Squirrel - Squirrel is a high level imperative, object-oriented programming language, designed to be a light-weight scripting language that fits in the size, memory bandwidth, and real-time requirements of applications like video games.
SR - SR (Synchronizing Resources) is a language for writing concurrent programs. The main language constructs are resources and operations. Resources encapsulate processes and variables they share; operations provide the primary mechanism for process interaction. SR provides a novel integration of the mechanisms for invoking and servicing operations. Consequently, all of local and remote procedure call, rendezvous, message passing, dynamic process creation, multicast, and semaphores are supported. SR also supports shared global variables and operations.
Star - An experimental programming language that's made to be powerful, productive, and predictable. One of the most important goals of Star is that it's designed to be completely consistent. In other words, Star has been designed to not have edge cases, footguns, or any sort of "magic" that's exclusive to language built-ins.
Stark - Stark is a new language and OS with the help of the .NET ecosystem and seL4 micro-kernel.
Starlark - Starlark (formerly known as Skylark) is a language intended for use as a configuration language. It was designed for the Bazel build system, but may be useful for other projects as well.
STOICAL - STOICAL is vastly different from its predecessors. Primarily because so much has changed since the decades ago that they were developed. Today STOICAL is powerful and general enough to be used as a high performance replacement for semi-compiled and interpreted languages like Perl, Python, SED and Awk. And because of STOICAL's advanced support for networking and concurrent threads of execution, it can be used to write efficient long-running servers and daemons that would normally need to be written in C. The intent here is not to explore the intricacies of archaic systems, but to create a new and modern language, well suited to the world as it exists today. STOICAL might therefore be more accurately represented by the recursive acronym SINS, SINS Is Not STOIC, but this word has a remarkable stigma attached to it ;-)
Streem - Streem is a stream based concurrent scripting language. It is based on a programming model similar to the shell, with influences from Ruby, Erlang, and other functional programming languages.
Strictly False - I have designed an eccentric programming language (Strictly False) an extension of Wouter van Oortmerssen's elegant False programming language. ... to run my interpreter (and my language is definitely more powerful), you need Moscow ML.
Stroscot - Stroscot is an imperative programming language designed for modern processors.
Stroyent - Stroyent is an infix, procedural systems programming language targeting MakoVM. Stroyent syntax superficially resembles that of C, but there are many important differences in the semantics of these languages.
SubC - SubC is a fast and simple public domain compiler for a clean subset of the C programming language. It can compile itself and passes gcc -Wall -pedantic.
Suneido - Suneido™ is a complete, integrated application platform – a system for developing and deploying applications without the frustrations of integrating multiple different products. Suneido incorporates an object-oriented programming language, client-server relational database software, and application frameworks and components. It includes the integrated development environment (IDE) used to create applications as well as the client and server required to run applications across networks. Suneido is Open Source – it is provided free, with complete source code.
Superx++ - Superx++ is an object-oriented language that is entirely based on XML's syntactical structure. Superx++ conforms with the XML version 1.0 specification as published on the W3C web site. Programming in XML itself has great potential and Superx++ pushes the envelope!

T (23):

T3X - T3X is a small, portable, procedural, block-structured, recursive, almost typeless, and to some degree object-oriented programming language. Its syntax is similar to Pascal, its semantics resembles BCPL's.
T3XFORTH - T3XFORTH is an old-school, plain vanilla FORTH system that is mostly compatible to FORTH-79 with some parts borrowed from FIG FORTH, FORTH-83, and EFORTH, and taking some inspiration from Leo Brodie's (classic, 1983) book, "Starting FORTH". T3XFORTH runs on 8086 processors under DOS on an IBM PC, or stand-alone using the PC BIOS. It can also run on 32-bit Unix systems using a T3XFORTH VM emulator.
TableM - A relational language.
Taichi - Productive & portable high-performance programming in Python. Taichi Lang is an open-source, imperative, parallel programming language for high-performance numerical computation. It is embedded in Python and uses just-in-time (JIT) compiler frameworks, for example LLVM, to offload the compute-intensive Python code to the native GPU or CPU instructions.
Tamgu(탐구) - A FIL Language that combines in one language an imperative paradigm, a functional paradigm and a logical paradigm. Mixes in one code A Python-like formalism, a Haskell-like formalism and a Prolog-like formalism.
Tamsin - Tamsin is an oddball little language that can't decide if it's a meta-language, a programming language, or a rubbish lister. Its primary goal is to allow the rapid development of parsers, static analyzers, interpreters, and compilers, and to allow them to be expressed compactly. Golf your grammar! (Or write it like a decent human being, if you must.)
Tandem - Tandem is an experimental rewriting language where the rewrite rules form a Kleene algebra. The object being rewritten by a Tandem program is a collection of labelled stacks -- a finite mapping from strings to strings. The strings are always rewritten at the left edge, so they are effectively stacks. A Tandem program consists of a single rewrite rule along with zero or more pragmas. The rewrite rule is applied to an initial state to possibly obtain a final state. This rule is applied only once. However, in Tandem, a rule is a composite object which may contain subrules that get applied many times.
Tao - A statically-typed functional language with polymorphism, typeclasses, sum types, pattern-matching, first-class functions, currying, good diagnostics, and much more!
Tao3D - Tao3D is a dynamic document description language designed specifically for real-time 3D animations. It can be used to present complex information in an entertaining and interactive way.
Tcl - Tcl is a high-level, general-purpose, interpreted, dynamic programming language. Tcl supports multiple programming paradigms, including object-oriented, imperative and functional programming or procedural styles. It is commonly used embedded into C applications for rapid prototyping, scripted applications, GUIs, and testing.
Terra - Terra is a low-level system programming language that is embedded in and meta-programmed by the Lua programming language
ThinBasic - Very fast "BASIC like" programming language useful to Beginners and to Gurus. BASIC interpreter for Windows able to create console and gui applications with most of the user interface controls, automate process, automate data exchange, connect to databases, send mails, connect to ftp sites, rest api, parsing strings, tokenizing, traversing xml, handling files, Windows Registry, OpenGl, graphics, sound, printing ... and much more.
Timid - A small programming language that made to be able to quickly solve problems like tedious math homework in as little time as possible (as in runtime). Also, it's possible to compile code once, and run anywhere using the Timid Runtime.
Tint - Tint is a string substition language; it is intended to be used as an extention language. Tint Emacs is an emacs clone for Win32, Mac OS X, Darwin, and Linux. It uses Tint as its extension language.
Tinymoe - English-like programming language, for DSL (Domain Specific Language) building and embedding, with dynamic typing, multiple dispatching and build-in continuation.
Tokay - Tokay is a programming language to quickly implement solutions for text processing problems. This can either be just simple data extractions, but also parsing entire structures or parts of it, and turning information into structured parse trees or abstract syntax trees for further processing. Therefore, Tokay is both a tool and language for simple one-liners, but can also be used to implement code-analyzers, refactoring tools, interpreters, compilers or transpilers. Actually Tokay's own language parser is implemented in Tokay itself.
ToonTalk - ToonTalk is an interpreter for a concurrent constraint programming language. Concurrent constraint programming is a synthesis of concurrent logic programming and constraint logic programming. (See, for example, Saraswat). The class of languages for which programs are roughly interchangeable with ToonTalk programs include Oz, E-Lang, Janus, Flat Guarded Horn Clauses, KL1/KLIC, Flat Concurrent Prolog, Parlog, and Strand. The syntax of all these languages is textual while ToonTalk has an action-oriented video game animation syntax. The programming environment is completely different as well. In ToonTalk, the process of constructing, testing, and debugging programs closely resembles playing a video game. "From Prolog and Zelda to ToonTalk" is a paper discussing these ideas in detail.
Toy - Refinement types + dependent types = ❤️. A Toy proof-of-concept implementation of a language with refinement types that compiles to Idris.
Toy - The Toy programming language interpreter, written in C.
TwinBasic - TwinBasic: a modern, BASIC programming language, aiming for 100% backwards compatibility with existing VB6/VBA projects. A complete replacement development environment offering significant new features and improvements over the VB6 IDE.
Typst - A new markup-based typesetting system that is powerful and easy to learn.
Tyr - Tyr is an experimental minimalistic language. It's meant to be both a programming language and a conlang. Programmers should think of it as a speakable programming language. Conlangers should see it as a logical conlang, which can also be used for programming. To achieve this, this language has clear and simple nesting rules based on the words, but no syntax for nesting. You can write sentences without the need of indentation. Any kind of indent is not even allowed. It's still in an early stage and only supports a few math primitives. Many things will probably be changed. I'll only document the current state here.
Tyro - TYRO is a very high level programming language designed mainly for the beginners of the programming, to develop a thorough understanding of the fundamental concepts of languages.

U (6):

Umka - Umka is a statically typed embeddable scripting language. It combines the simplicity and flexibility needed for scripting with a compile-time protection against type errors. Its aim is to follow the Python Zen principle Explicit is better than implicit more consistently than dynamically typed languages generally do.
Unicon - Unicon is a very high level programming language. It runs on many operating systems including most Linux distributions, Windows, macOS, and BSD systems. It also supports most modern CPU architectures such as i386, amd64, armhf, arm64, and ppc64el.
Unison - Unison is a modern, statically-typed purely functional language, similar to Haskell, but with the ability to describe entire distributed systems with a single program.
Unit - Unit is a General Purpose Visual Programming Language and Environment built with a primary focus on Developer Experience. It is heavily inspired by Live, Data Flow, Reactive, Functional and Object Oriented Programming paradigms. Formally, units are Multi Input Multi Output (MIMO) Finite State Machines (FSM). A program in Unit is represented as a Graph.
Ur - Ur is a programming language in the tradition of ML and Haskell, but featuring a significantly richer type system. Ur is functional, pure, statically typed, and strict. Ur supports a powerful kind of metaprogramming based on row types.
Ü - Experimental programming language that is compilable, statically-typed C++-like language. It is similar to C++ or Rust. Main goal is a safety, but not with cost of verbosity. [C++ killer, Rust killer]

V (15):

V - Simple, fast, safe, compiled language for developing maintainable software. Compiles itself in <1s with zero library dependencies.
V1 - V1 is a simple functional interpreter language with syntax from C, PHP and JavaScript. It was developed from the scratch. The focus is on administrative and experimental programming, but it has enhanced benefits like Multithreading, CGI, Web functions and native function calling. The most buildin functions are compatible with PHP, for example fopen().
Val - Val is an open source, general-purpose programming language designed around on the concept of (mutable) value semantics. The language aims to be safe and efficient, yet expressive enough to support multiple programming paradigms and implement concurrent algorithms safely and efficiently.
Vala - Vala is a programming language that aims to bring modern programming language features to GNOME developers without imposing any additional runtime requirements and without using a different ABI compared to applications and libraries written in C.
Vale - Vale is the fast, safe, and easy programming language. It uses single ownership with constraint references for memory safety without garbage collection, and an emphasis on modern, readable syntax.
Verona - Project Verona is a research programming language to explore the concept of concurrent ownership. We are providing a new concurrency model that seamlessly integrates ownership.
Verse - Verse is a programming language developed by Epic Games that you can use to create your own gameplay in Unreal Editor for Fortnite, including customizing your devices for Fortnite Creative.
Victim - Victim is dynamically typed interpreted scripting language written in Haskell. The name is inspired by source code of malloc.
Vigil - Vigil, the eternal morally vigilant programming language
Vinci - A proof-of-concept compiler targeting SPIR-V for a toy ML functional shading language.
Vinegar - Vinegar is a semi-concatenative language where every operation can fail.
Virgil - A Fast and Lightweight Programming Language. Its design blends functional and object-oriented programming paradigms for expressiveness without a lot of overhead, either syntactically or at runtime. Its implementation is focused primarily on static compilation to produce native executables that are standalone. It is well-suited to writing small and fast programs. That makes it ideal for building certain kinds of programs like compilers and virtual machines. It is currently being used for virtual machine and programming language research.
Visula - Visula is a general-purpose visual programming language (VPL) based on object-orientation. Visula programs are diagrams that are edited in a graphical editor. Programmers don't write software - they draw it!
Vortex - Vortex is a language designed to explore links and relationships between entities. It heavily relies on side effects, and as such it would fall under the Dysfunctional Programming paradigm.
Vox - Vox is a multiparadigm programming language inspired by D (60%), Jai (30%), and Zig (10%). Vox language compiler. AOT / JIT / Linker. Zero dependencies.

W (11):

Wa - Wa is a general-purpose programming language designed for developing robustness and maintainability WebAssembly software. Instead of requiring complex toolchains to set up, you can simply go install it - or run it in a browser.
Wasp - Wasp (Web Application Specification) is a Rails-like framework for React, Node.js, and Prisma. Build your app in a day and deploy it with a single CLI command!
- 🚀 Quick start: Due to its expressiveness, you can create and deploy a production-ready web app from scratch with very few lines of concise, consistent, declarative code.
- 😌 No boilerplate: By abstracting away complex full-stack features, there is less boilerplate code. That means less code to maintain and understand! It also means easier upgrades.
- 🔓 No lock-in: You can deploy the Wasp app anywhere you like. There is no lock-in into specific providers; you have full control over the code (and can actually check it out in .wasp/ dir if you are interested ).
Wax - A tiny programming language that transpiles to C, C++, Java, TypeScript, Python, C#, Swift, Lua and WebAssembly 🚀.
Well - Well lang is somewhat functional kinda stack based language. This language includes your normal things like variables, mathamatics, loops, etc. It compiles directly to assembly (NASM).
Wenyan - 文言文編程語言 A programming language for the ancient Chinese.
- Natural Language Programming sharing the grammar of Classical Chinese
- Compiles to JavaScript, Python, or Ruby
- Turing complete
- An Online IDE
- Examples to get started
- A packages manager wyg(文淵閣) and awesome packages from the community.
Whiley - Whiley employs state-of-the-art techniques for ensuring your software is correct. You can specify functions using preconditions and postconditions, and then statically verify your implementation meets its specification.
Wing - Winglang is a new open-source programming language designed for the cloud (aka "cloud-oriented"). Wing enables developers to build distributed systems that leverage cloud services as first-class citizens by combining infrastructure and application code in a safe and unified programming model (aka "cloud-oriented"). Wing programs can be executed locally (yes, no internet required) using a fully-functional simulator, or deployed to any cloud provider (yes, Wing programs are portable across providers).
Wren - Wren is a small, fast, class-based concurrent scripting language.
Wu - An expression oriented, gradually typed and mission-critical programming language.
Wuffs - Wuffs (Wrangling Untrusted File Formats Safely) is a memory-safe programming language (and a standard library written in that language) for wrangling untrusted file formats safely. Wrangling includes parsing, decoding and encoding. Example file formats include images, audio, video, fonts and compressed archives.
Wyvern - Wyvern is a new general-purpose programming language designed to support adaptation and assurance. Key features of Wyvern's evolving design include:
- A simple object model with good support for both object-oriented and functional programming
- Static type safety
- Extensibility with domain-specific syntax via libraries written within the language
- A simple but powerful capability-safe module system
- Support for various aspects of software architecture within the running system

X (10):

X Language - X Language is a new multi-syntax programming including a portable set of APIs to create console or graphical applications runnable on many platforms (UNIX/X11, Win32, ...). X Language comes with an interpreter, a compiler and a debugger.
X# - X# is an open source development language for .NET, based on the xBase language. It comes in different flavours, such as Core, Visual Objects, Vulcan.NET, xBase++, Harbour, Foxpro and more. X# has been built on top of Roslyn, the open source architecture behind the current Microsoft C# and Microsoft Visual Basic compilers.
X10 - X10 is a statically-typed object-oriented language, extending a sequential core language with places, activities, clocks, (distributed, multi-dimensional) arrays and struct types. All these changes are motivated by the desire to use the new language for high-end, high-performance, high-productivity computing.
XIDEK - XIDEK provides technical guidance and source code so that you can readily design and implement an interpreter according to your own requirements. You may need, for example, to create a special interpreter for a domain specific language, script language, or other "little language". XIDEK can save you weeks or months of work. It gives you parsers, support modules, explanations, examples, organization and a framework upon which you can build.
XL - A minimalist, general-purpose programming language based on meta-programming and parse tree rewrites
xlisp - XLISP - an object-oriented LISP
Xojo - Build Native, Cross-Platform Apps. Rapid application development for Desktop, Web, Mobile & Raspberry Pi.
XPL - The XPL programming language is a derivative of PL/I designed for compiler writing. XPL was first announced at the 1968 FJCC in San Francisco, CA. XPL is the name of both the programming language and the compiler generator system (or TWS: translator writing system) based on the language.
XSB - XSB is a Logic Programming and Deductive Database system for Unix and Windows.
Xtend - Xtend is a flexible and expressive dialect of Java, which compiles into readable Java 8 compatible source code. You can use any existing Java library seamlessly. The compiled output is readable and pretty-printed, and tends to run as fast as the equivalent handwritten Java code.

Y (4):

Yab - Yab | yet another Basic for HAIKU.
Yeti - Yeti is ML style functional programming language, that runs on the JVM.
Yorick - Yorick is an interpreted programming language for scientific simulations or calculations, postprocessing or steering large simulation codes, interactive scientific graphics, and reading, writing, or translating large files of numbers.
Yuescript - Yuescript is a Moonscript dialect. It is derived from Moonscript language 0.5.0 and continuously adopting new features to be more up to date. Moonscript is a language that compiles to Lua. Since original Moonscript has been used to write web framework lapis and run a few business web sites like itch.io and streak.club with some large code bases. The original language is getting too hard to adopt new features for those may break the stablility for existing applications.

Z (6):

Z# - Z-Sharp is a custom programming language I made because I don't like c++ very much (Z-Sharp's interpreter is written in c++ though). Z-Sharp scripts have the file extension .ZS. The base syntax and formatting I would say is quite similar to C# or Python, but differs as task complexity increases. It also has support for graphics using SDL2.
Zang - Zang is a dynamically typed high level programming language.
Zenon - Zenon is a statically typed language that compiles to C++. It offers safe and easy application development thanks to high-level features and fast compile times, while keeping C++'s performance and familiar syntax.
Zephir - Zephir - is a high level programming language that eases the creation and maintainability of extensions for PHP. Zephir extensions are exported to C code that can be compiled and optimized by major C compilers such as gcc/clang/vc++. Functionality is exposed to the PHP language.
ZetScript - ZetScript is a programming language with an API that allows bind C++ code in script side.
Zig - General-purpose programming language and toolchain for maintaining robust, optimal, and reusable software.

Provide feedback

Saved searches

Use saved searches to filter your results more quickly

README.md

README.md

Awesome programming languages

Related:

Contents

A (38):

B (36):

C (52):

D (24):

E (32):

F (42):

G (29):

H (21):

I (12):

J (16):

K (17):

L (24):

M (47):

N (25):

O (21):

P (45):

Q (7):

R (33):

S (41):

T (23):

U (6):

V (15):

W (11):

X (10):

Y (4):

Z (6):

See also:

Files

README.md

Latest commit

History

README.md

File metadata and controls

Awesome programming languages

Related:

Contents

A (38):

B (36):

C (52):

D (24):

E (32):

F (42):

G (29):

H (21):

I (12):

J (16):

K (17):

L (24):

M (47):

N (25):

O (21):

P (45):

Q (7):

R (33):

S (41):

T (23):

U (6):

V (15):

W (11):

X (10):

Y (4):

Z (6):

See also: