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树莓派折腾日记-自动控制风扇
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<div class="post-description">通过一个三极管配合树莓派的 gpio 接口就实现对树莓派散热风扇的控制，使风扇可以根据 cpu 的温度停止或转动</div>
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<p>前段时间买了一只树莓派来玩，在上面配置了一些文件共享服务、闹钟等功能（这些功能后面会在博客写上），开启闹钟的第一天就发生了一个令人头疼的问题，我用的是 3b+ ,所以装了风扇，一晚上下来无数次被风扇的声音吵醒，第二天就把它关掉了。。。。</p>
<p>树莓派装上风扇后噪音会比较大，而且风扇不停地转动会增加耗电，通过一个三极管配合树莓派的 gpio 接口就可以实现对风扇的控制，像笔记本电脑一样，只有在 cpu 需要降温的时候风扇才会转动。</p>
<span id="more"></span>
<p>参考自 <a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="http://shumeipai.nxez.com/2017/07/13/raspberry-pi-to-achieve-temperature-monitoring-and-control-fan-cooling.html">树莓派实验室</a></p>
<h3 id="材料清单"><a href="#材料清单" class="headerlink" title="材料清单"></a>材料清单</h3><ul>
<li>树莓派 x1</li>
<li>三极管 x1</li>
<li>风扇 x1</li>
<li>面包板 x1 (可选)</li>
<li>杜邦线若干</li>
</ul>
<h3 id="连线"><a href="#连线" class="headerlink" title="连线"></a>连线</h3><p>如图为电路连线图，VCC, GND, GPIO 分别对应树莓派的引脚</p>
<p><img src="https://renshengjihe-1257851699.cos.ap-guangzhou.myqcloud.com/190713-PiTempCtrl/%E8%BF%9E%E7%BA%BF%E5%9B%BE.png" alt="连线图"></p>
<p>如图为树莓派引脚功能图，GPIO 选择树莓派上任意一个 GPIO 接口即可，正负极一定注意别接反了。</p>
<p><img src="https://renshengjihe-1257851699.cos.ap-guangzhou.myqcloud.com/190713-PiTempCtrl/%E5%BC%95%E8%84%9A%E5%9B%BE.png" alt="连线图"></p>
<h3 id="驱动代码"><a href="#驱动代码" class="headerlink" title="驱动代码"></a>驱动代码</h3><h4 id="依赖库安装"><a href="#依赖库安装" class="headerlink" title="依赖库安装"></a>依赖库安装</h4><p>使用下面的代码需首先安装 wiringPi 库。</p>
<figure class="highlight sh"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">git <span class="built_in">clone</span> git://git.drogon.net/wiringPi</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p>也可以到 <a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="http://wiringpi.com/">http://wiringpi.com</a> 进行下载</p>
<h4 id="控制风扇的代码"><a href="#控制风扇的代码" class="headerlink" title="控制风扇的代码"></a>控制风扇的代码</h4><figure class="highlight python"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br><span class="line">16</span><br><span class="line">17</span><br><span class="line">18</span><br><span class="line">19</span><br><span class="line">20</span><br><span class="line">21</span><br><span class="line">22</span><br><span class="line">23</span><br><span class="line">24</span><br><span class="line">25</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="comment">#!/usr/bin/env python</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">#coding=utf-8</span></span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">import</span> commands,time</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">FAN_GPIO = <span class="number">15</span></span><br><span class="line">commands.getoutput(<span class="string">'sudo gpio mode '</span> + <span class="built_in">str</span>(FAN_GPIO) + <span class="string">' out'</span> )</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">while</span> <span class="literal">True</span>:</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="comment"># 获取当前 cpu 温度</span></span><br><span class="line"> tmpFile = <span class="built_in">open</span>(<span class="string">'/sys/class/thermal/thermal_zone0/temp'</span>)</span><br><span class="line"> cpu_temp_raw = tmpFile.read()</span><br><span class="line"> tmpFile.close()</span><br><span class="line"> cpu_temp = <span class="built_in">round</span>(<span class="built_in">float</span>(cpu_temp_raw) / <span class="number">1000</span>, <span class="number">1</span>)</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="built_in">print</span> cpu_temp</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"> <span class="comment"># 大于 50 度，开启风扇降温</span></span><br><span class="line"> <span class="keyword">if</span> cpu_temp >= <span class="number">50.0</span> :</span><br><span class="line"> commands.getoutput(<span class="string">'sudo gpio write '</span> + <span class="built_in">str</span>(FAN_GPIO) + <span class="string">' 0'</span>);</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="comment"># 小于 45 度，关闭风扇</span></span><br><span class="line"> <span class="keyword">if</span> cpu_temp <= <span class="number">45.0</span> :</span><br><span class="line"> commands.getoutput(<span class="string">'sudo gpio write '</span> + <span class="built_in">str</span>(FAN_GPIO) + <span class="string">' 1'</span>);</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"> <span class="comment"># 每 10s 检测一次</span></span><br><span class="line"> time.sleep(<span class="number">10</span>)</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<h4 id="配置开机启动"><a href="#配置开机启动" class="headerlink" title="配置开机启动"></a>配置开机启动</h4><p>我使用了配置服务的方式实现的开机启动</p>
<p>在 <code>/etc/init.d/</code> 下新建文件 <code>temp_ctrl</code> 并给上执行权限</p>
<p>文件内容如下</p>
<figure class="highlight sh"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br><span class="line">16</span><br><span class="line">17</span><br><span class="line">18</span><br><span class="line">19</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="meta">#!/bin/bash</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment"># /etc/init.d/temp-ctrl</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment"># Default-Start: 2 3 4 5</span></span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">case</span> <span class="string">"<span class="variable">$1</span>"</span> <span class="keyword">in</span></span><br><span class="line"> start)</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="built_in">echo</span> <span class="string">"start temp ctrl"</span></span><br><span class="line"> nohup /home/pi/gpio/fenshan.py &</span><br><span class="line"> ;;</span><br><span class="line"> stop)</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="built_in">echo</span> <span class="string">"stop temp ctrl"</span></span><br><span class="line"> <span class="built_in">kill</span> $(ps aux | grep -m 1 <span class="string">'python /home/pi/gpio/fenshan.py'</span> | awk <span class="string">'{ print $2 }'</span>)</span><br><span class="line"> ;;</span><br><span class="line"> *)</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="built_in">echo</span> <span class="string">"Usage : service temp-ctrl start/stop"</span></span><br><span class="line"> <span class="built_in">exit</span> 1</span><br><span class="line"> ;;</span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">esac</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="built_in">exit</span> 0</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p>在 <code>/etc/rc.local</code> 中 <code>exit 0</code> 之前添加一行 </p>
<figure class="highlight sh"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">/etc/init.d/temp_ctrl start</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="built_in">exit</span> 0</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<h3 id="最终效果"><a href="#最终效果" class="headerlink" title="最终效果"></a>最终效果</h3><h4 id="程序执行的效果"><a href="#程序执行的效果" class="headerlink" title="程序执行的效果"></a>程序执行的效果</h4><p><img src="https://renshengjihe-1257851699.cos.ap-guangzhou.myqcloud.com/190713-PiTempCtrl/%E6%95%88%E6%9E%9C%E5%9B%BE1.png" alt="连线图"></p>
<h4 id="通过服务的方式开启与关闭"><a href="#通过服务的方式开启与关闭" class="headerlink" title="通过服务的方式开启与关闭"></a>通过服务的方式开启与关闭</h4><p><img src="https://renshengjihe-1257851699.cos.ap-guangzhou.myqcloud.com/190713-PiTempCtrl/%E6%95%88%E6%9E%9C%E5%9B%BE2.png" alt="连线图"></p>
<h4 id="连线实物图"><a href="#连线实物图" class="headerlink" title="连线实物图"></a>连线实物图</h4><p><img src="https://renshengjihe-1257851699.cos.ap-guangzhou.myqcloud.com/190713-PiTempCtrl/%E5%AE%9E%E7%89%A9%E5%9B%BE.jpg" alt="连线图"></p>
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