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causal-bald 🧑‍🦲

| Abstract | Installation | Example | Citation | Reproducing Results DUE

An implementation of the methods presented in Causal-BALD: Deep Bayesian Active Learning of Outcomes to Infer Treatment-Effects from Observational Data.

Evolution of CATE function with Causal BALD acquisition strategy

Abstract

Estimating personalized treatment effects from high-dimensional observational data is essential in situations where experimental designs are infeasible, unethical or expensive. Existing approaches rely on fitting deep models on outcomes observed for treated and control populations, but when measuring the outcome for an individual is costly (e.g. biopsy) a sample efficient strategy for acquiring outcomes is required. Deep Bayesian active learning provides a framework for efficient data acquisition by selecting points with high uncertainty. However, naive application of existing methods selects training data that is biased toward regions where the treatment effect cannot be identified because there is non-overlapping support between the treated and control populations. To maximize sample efficiency for learning personalized treatment effects, we introduce new acquisition functions grounded in information theory that bias data acquisition towards regions where overlap is satisfied, by combining insights from deep Bayesian active learning and causal inference. We demonstrate the performance of the proposed acquisition strategies on synthetic and semi-synthetic datasets IHDP and CMNIST and their extensions which aim to simulate common dataset biases and pathologies.

Installation

$ git clone [email protected]:[anon]/causal-bald.git
$ cd causal-bald
$ conda env create -f environment.yml
$ conda activate causal-bald
$ pip install .

[Optional] For developer mode

$ pip install -e .

Example

Active learning loop

First run using random acquisition:

causal-bald \
    active-learning \
        --job-dir experiments/ \
        --num-trials 5 \
        --step-size 10 \
        --warm-start-size 100 \
        --max-acquisitions 38 \
        --acquisition-function random \
        --temperature 0.25 \
        --gpu-per-trial 0.2 \
    ihdp \
        --root assets/ \
    deep-kernel-gp

Now run using $\mu\rho\textrm{-BALD}$ acquisition.

causal-bald \
    active-learning \
        --job-dir experiments/ \
        --num-trials 5 \
        --step-size 10 \
        --warm-start-size 100 \
        --max-acquisitions 38 \
        --acquisition-function mu-rho \
        --temperature 0.25 \
        --gpu-per-trial 0.2 \
    ihdp \
        --root assets/ \
    deep-kernel-gp

Evaluation

Evaluate PEHE at each acquisition step

causal-bald \
    evaluate \
        --experiment-dir experiments/active_learning/ss-10_ws-100_ma-38_af-random_temp-0.25_gumb-True/ihdp/deep_kernel_gp/kernel-Matern32_ip-100-dh-200_do-1_dp-3_ns--1.0_dr-0.1_sn-0.95_lr-0.001_bs-100_ep-500/ \
        --output-dir experiments/due/ihdp \
    pehe
causal-bald \
    evaluate \
        --experiment-dir experiments/active_learning/ss-10_ws-100_ma-38_af-mu-rho_temp-0.25_gumb-True/ihdp/deep_kernel_gp/kernel-Matern32_ip-100-dh-200_do-1_dp-3_ns--1.0_dr-0.1_sn-0.95_lr-0.001_bs-100_ep-500/ \
        --output-dir experiments/due/ihdp \
    pehe

Plot results

causal-bald \
    evaluate \
        --experiment-dir experiments/due/ihdp \
    plot-convergence \
        -m mu-rho \
        -m random

Plotting convergence of acquisitions. Comparing random and mu-rho for example code

Citation

If you find this code helpful for your work, please cite our paper Paper as

@article{jesson2021causal,
  title={Causal-BALD: Deep Bayesian Active Learning of Outcomes to Infer Treatment-Effects from Observational Data},
  author={Jesson, Andrew and Tigas, Panagiotis and van Amersfoort, Joost and Kirsch, Andreas and Shalit, Uri and Gal, Yarin},
  journal={Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems},
  volume={35},
  year={2021}
}

Reprodcuing Results Due

IHDP

$\mu\rho$-BALD

causal-bald active-learning --job-dir experiments/ --num-trials 200 --step-size 10 --warm-start-size 100 --max-acquisitions 38 --acquisition-function mu-rho --temperature 0.25 --use-gumbel False --gpu-per-trial 0.2 ihdp --root assets/ deep-kernel-gp
causal-bald evaluate --experiment-dir experiments/active_learning/ss-10_ws-100_ma-38_af-mu-rho_temp-0.25_gumb-False/ihdp/deep_kernel_gp/kernel-Matern32_ip-100-dh-200_do-1_dp-3_ns--1.0_dr-0.1_sn-0.95_lr-0.001_bs-100_ep-500/ --output-dir experiments/due/ihdp pehe

$\mu$-BALD

causal-bald active-learning --job-dir experiments/ --num-trials 200 --step-size 10 --warm-start-size 100 --max-acquisitions 38 --acquisition-function mu --temperature 0.25 --use-gumbel False --gpu-per-trial 0.2 ihdp --root assets/ deep-kernel-gp
causal-bald evaluate --experiment-dir experiments/active_learning/ss-10_ws-100_ma-38_af-mu_temp-0.25_gumb-False/ihdp/deep_kernel_gp/kernel-Matern32_ip-100-dh-200_do-1_dp-3_ns--1.0_dr-0.1_sn-0.95_lr-0.001_bs-100_ep-500/ --output-dir experiments/due/ihdp pehe

$\mu\pi$-BALD

causal-bald active-learning --job-dir experiments/ --num-trials 200 --step-size 10 --warm-start-size 100 --max-acquisitions 38 --acquisition-function mu-pi --temperature 0.25 --use-gumbel False --gpu-per-trial 0.2 ihdp --root assets/ deep-kernel-gp
causal-bald evaluate --experiment-dir experiments/active_learning/ss-10_ws-100_ma-38_af-mu-pi_temp-0.25_gumb-False/ihdp/deep_kernel_gp/kernel-Matern32_ip-100-dh-200_do-1_dp-3_ns--1.0_dr-0.1_sn-0.95_lr-0.001_bs-100_ep-500/ --output-dir experiments/due/ihdp pehe

$\rho$-BALD

causal-bald active-learning --job-dir experiments/ --num-trials 200 --step-size 10 --warm-start-size 100 --max-acquisitions 38 --acquisition-function rho --temperature 0.25 --use-gumbel False --gpu-per-trial 0.2 ihdp --root assets/ deep-kernel-gp
causal-bald evaluate --experiment-dir experiments/active_learning/ss-10_ws-100_ma-38_af-rho_temp-0.25_gumb-False/ihdp/deep_kernel_gp/kernel-Matern32_ip-100-dh-200_do-1_dp-3_ns--1.0_dr-0.1_sn-0.95_lr-0.001_bs-100_ep-500/ --output-dir experiments/due/ihdp pehe

$\pi$-BALD

causal-bald active-learning --job-dir experiments/ --num-trials 200 --step-size 10 --warm-start-size 100 --max-acquisitions 38 --acquisition-function pi --temperature 0.25 --use-gumbel False --gpu-per-trial 0.2 ihdp --root assets/ deep-kernel-gp
causal-bald evaluate --experiment-dir experiments/active_learning/ss-10_ws-100_ma-38_af-pi_temp-0.25_gumb-False/ihdp/deep_kernel_gp/kernel-Matern32_ip-100-dh-200_do-1_dp-3_ns--1.0_dr-0.1_sn-0.95_lr-0.001_bs-100_ep-500/ --output-dir experiments/due/ihdp pehe

$\tau$-BALD

causal-bald active-learning --job-dir experiments/ --num-trials 200 --step-size 10 --warm-start-size 100 --max-acquisitions 38 --acquisition-function tau --temperature 0.25 --use-gumbel False --gpu-per-trial 0.2 ihdp --root assets/ deep-kernel-gp
causal-bald evaluate --experiment-dir experiments/active_learning/ss-10_ws-100_ma-38_af-tau_temp-0.25_gumb-False/ihdp/deep_kernel_gp/kernel-Matern32_ip-100-dh-200_do-1_dp-3_ns--1.0_dr-0.1_sn-0.95_lr-0.001_bs-100_ep-500/ --output-dir experiments/due/ihdp pehe

Random

causal-bald active-learning --job-dir experiments/ --num-trials 200 --step-size 10 --warm-start-size 100 --max-acquisitions 38 --acquisition-function random --temperature 0.25 --use-gumbel False --gpu-per-trial 0.2 ihdp --root assets/ deep-kernel-gp
causal-bald evaluate --experiment-dir experiments/active_learning/ss-10_ws-100_ma-38_af-random_temp-0.25_gumb-False/ihdp/deep_kernel_gp/kernel-Matern32_ip-100-dh-200_do-1_dp-3_ns--1.0_dr-0.1_sn-0.95_lr-0.001_bs-100_ep-500/ --output-dir experiments/due/ihdp pehe

Sundin

causal-bald active-learning --job-dir experiments/ --num-trials 200 --step-size 10 --warm-start-size 100 --max-acquisitions 38 --acquisition-function sundin --temperature 1.0 --use-gumbel False --gpu-per-trial 0.2 ihdp --root assets/ deep-kernel-gp
causal-bald evaluate --experiment-dir experiments/active_learning/ss-10_ws-100_ma-38_af-sundin_temp-1.0_gumb-False/ihdp/deep_kernel_gp/kernel-Matern32_ip-100-dh-200_do-1_dp-3_ns--1.0_dr-0.1_sn-0.95_lr-0.001_bs-100_ep-500/ --output-dir experiments/due/ihdp pehe

Plot Results

causal-bald \
    evaluate \
        --experiment-dir experiments/due/ihdp \
    plot-convergence \
        -m mu-rho \
        -m mu \
        -m mu-pi \
        -m rho \ \
        -m pi
        -m tau \
        -m random \
        -m sundin

Synthetic

Synthetic dataset

Synthetic: $\mu\rho$-BALD

causal-bald active-learning --job-dir experiments/ --num-trials 40 --step-size 10 --warm-start-size 10 --max-acquisitions 31 --acquisition-function mu-rho --temperature 0.25 --use-gumbel False --gpu-per-trial 0.2 synthetic deep-kernel-gp --kernel RBF --dim-hidden 100 --num-inducing-points 20 --negative-slope 0.0 --batch-size 200 --dropout-rate 0.2
causal-bald evaluate --experiment-dir experiments/active_learning/ss-10_ws-10_ma-31_af-mu-rho_temp-0.25_gumb-False/synthetic/deep_kernel_gp/kernel-RBF_ip-20-dh-100_do-1_dp-3_ns-0.0_dr-0.2_sn-0.95_lr-0.001_bs-200_ep-500/ --output-dir experiments/due/synthetic pehe

Synthetic: $\mu$-BALD

causal-bald active-learning --job-dir experiments/ --num-trials 40 --step-size 10 --warm-start-size 10 --max-acquisitions 31 --acquisition-function mu --temperature 0.25 --use-gumbel False --gpu-per-trial 0.2 synthetic deep-kernel-gp --kernel RBF --dim-hidden 100 --num-inducing-points 20 --negative-slope 0.0 --batch-size 200 --dropout-rate 0.2
causal-bald evaluate --experiment-dir experiments/active_learning/ss-10_ws-10_ma-31_af-mu_temp-0.25_gumb-False/synthetic/deep_kernel_gp/kernel-RBF_ip-20-dh-100_do-1_dp-3_ns-0.0_dr-0.2_sn-0.95_lr-0.001_bs-200_ep-500/ --output-dir experiments/due/ihdp pehe

Synthetic: $\mu\pi$-BALD

causal-bald active-learning --job-dir experiments/ --num-trials 40 --step-size 10 --warm-start-size 10 --max-acquisitions 31 --acquisition-function mu-pi --temperature 0.25 --use-gumbel False --gpu-per-trial 0.2 synthetic deep-kernel-gp --kernel RBF --dim-hidden 100 --num-inducing-points 20 --negative-slope 0.0 --batch-size 200 --dropout-rate 0.2
causal-bald evaluate --experiment-dir experiments/active_learning/ss-10_ws-10_ma-31_af-mu-pi_temp-0.25_gumb-False/synthetic/deep_kernel_gp/kernel-RBF_ip-20-dh-100_do-1_dp-3_ns-0.0_dr-0.2_sn-0.95_lr-0.001_bs-200_ep-500/ --output-dir experiments/due/synthetic pehe

Synthetic: $\rho$-BALD

causal-bald active-learning --job-dir experiments/ --num-trials 40 --step-size 10 --warm-start-size 10 --max-acquisitions 31 --acquisition-function rho --temperature 0.25 --use-gumbel False --gpu-per-trial 0.2 synthetic deep-kernel-gp --kernel RBF --dim-hidden 100 --num-inducing-points 20 --negative-slope 0.0 --batch-size 200 --dropout-rate 0.2
causal-bald evaluate --experiment-dir experiments/active_learning/ss-10_ws-10_ma-31_af-rho_temp-0.25_gumb-False/synthetic/deep_kernel_gp/kernel-RBF_ip-20-dh-100_do-1_dp-3_ns-0.0_dr-0.2_sn-0.95_lr-0.001_bs-200_ep-500/ --output-dir experiments/due/synthetic pehe

Synthetic: $\pi$-BALD

causal-bald active-learning --job-dir experiments/ --num-trials 40 --step-size 10 --warm-start-size 10 --max-acquisitions 31 --acquisition-function pi --temperature 0.25 --use-gumbel False --gpu-per-trial 0.2 synthetic deep-kernel-gp --kernel RBF --dim-hidden 100 --num-inducing-points 20 --negative-slope 0.0 --batch-size 200 --dropout-rate 0.2
causal-bald evaluate --experiment-dir experiments/active_learning/ss-10_ws-10_ma-31_af-pi_temp-0.25_gumb-False/synthetic/deep_kernel_gp/kernel-RBF_ip-20-dh-100_do-1_dp-3_ns-0.0_dr-0.2_sn-0.95_lr-0.001_bs-200_ep-500/ --output-dir experiments/due/synthetic pehe

Synthetic: $\tau$-BALD

causal-bald active-learning --job-dir experiments/ --num-trials 40 --step-size 10 --warm-start-size 10 --max-acquisitions 31 --acquisition-function tau --temperature 0.25 --use-gumbel False --gpu-per-trial 0.2 synthetic deep-kernel-gp --kernel RBF --dim-hidden 100 --num-inducing-points 20 --negative-slope 0.0 --batch-size 200 --dropout-rate 0.2
causal-bald evaluate --experiment-dir experiments/active_learning/ss-10_ws-10_ma-31_af-tau_temp-0.25_gumb-False/synthetic/deep_kernel_gp/kernel-RBF_ip-20-dh-100_do-1_dp-3_ns-0.0_dr-0.2_sn-0.95_lr-0.001_bs-200_ep-500/ --output-dir experiments/due/synthetic pehe

Synthetic: Random

causal-bald active-learning --job-dir experiments/ --num-trials 40 --step-size 10 --warm-start-size 10 --max-acquisitions 31 --acquisition-function random --temperature 0.25 --use-gumbel False --gpu-per-trial 0.2 synthetic deep-kernel-gp --kernel RBF --dim-hidden 100 --num-inducing-points 20 --negative-slope 0.0 --batch-size 200 --dropout-rate 0.2
causal-bald evaluate --experiment-dir experiments/active_learning/ss-10_ws-10_ma-31_af-random_temp-0.25_gumb-False/synthetic/deep_kernel_gp/kernel-RBF_ip-20-dh-100_do-1_dp-3_ns-0.0_dr-0.2_sn-0.95_lr-0.001_bs-200_ep-500/ --output-dir experiments/due/synthetic pehe

Synthetic: Sundin

causal-bald active-learning --job-dir experiments/ --num-trials 40 --step-size 10 --warm-start-size 10 --max-acquisitions 31 --acquisition-function sundin --temperature 1.0 --use-gumbel False --gpu-per-trial 0.2 synthetic deep-kernel-gp --kernel RBF --dim-hidden 100 --num-inducing-points 20 --negative-slope 0.0 --batch-size 200 --dropout-rate 0.2
causal-bald evaluate --experiment-dir experiments/active_learning/ss-10_ws-10_ma-31_af-sundin_temp-1.0_gumb-False/synthetic/deep_kernel_gp/kernel-RBF_ip-20-dh-100_do-1_dp-3_ns-0.0_dr-0.2_sn-0.95_lr-0.001_bs-200_ep-500/ --output-dir experiments/due/synthetic pehe

Synthetic: Plot Results

causal-bald \
    evaluate \
        --experiment-dir experiments/due/synthetic \
    plot-convergence \
        -m mu-rho \
        -m mu \
        -m mu-pi \
        -m rho \ \
        -m pi
        -m tau \
        -m random \
        -m sundin

CMNIST

CMNIST dataset

CMNIST: $\mu\rho$-BALD

causal-bald active-learning --job-dir experiments/ --num-trials 10 --step-size 50 --warm-start-size 250 --max-acquisitions 56 --acquisition-function mu-rho --temperature 0.25 --use-gumbel False --gpu-per-trial 0.5 cmnist --root assets/ deep-kernel-gp --kernel RBF --depth 2 --dropout-rate 0.05 --spectral-norm 3.0 --batch-size 64
causal-bald evaluate --experiment-dir experiments/active_learning/ss-50_ws-250_ma-56_af-mu-rho_temp-0.25_gumb-False/cmnist/deep_kernel_gp/kernel-RBF_ip-100-dh-200_do-1_dp-2_ns--1.0_dr-0.05_sn-3.0_lr-0.001_bs-64_ep-500/ --output-dir experiments/due/cmnist pehe

CMNIST: $\mu$-BALD

causal-bald active-learning --job-dir experiments/ --num-trials 10 --step-size 50 --warm-start-size 250 --max-acquisitions 56 --acquisition-function mu --temperature 0.25 --use-gumbel False --gpu-per-trial 0.5 cmnist --root assets/ deep-kernel-gp --kernel RBF --depth 2 --dropout-rate 0.05 --spectral-norm 3.0 --batch-size 64
causal-bald evaluate --experiment-dir experiments/active_learning/ss-50_ws-250_ma-56_af-mu_temp-0.25_gumb-False/cmnist/deep_kernel_gp/kernel-RBF_ip-100-dh-200_do-1_dp-2_ns--1.0_dr-0.05_sn-3.0_lr-0.001_bs-64_ep-500/ --output-dir experiments/due/ihdp pehe

CMNIST: $\mu\pi$-BALD

causal-bald active-learning --job-dir experiments/ --num-trials 10 --step-size 50 --warm-start-size 250 --max-acquisitions 56 --acquisition-function mu-pi --temperature 0.25 --use-gumbel False --gpu-per-trial 0.5 cmnist --root assets/ deep-kernel-gp --kernel RBF --depth 2 --dropout-rate 0.05 --spectral-norm 3.0 --batch-size 64
causal-bald evaluate --experiment-dir experiments/active_learning/ss-50_ws-250_ma-56_af-mu-pi_temp-0.25_gumb-False/cmnist/deep_kernel_gp/kernel-RBF_ip-100-dh-200_do-1_dp-2_ns--1.0_dr-0.05_sn-3.0_lr-0.001_bs-64_ep-500/ --output-dir experiments/due/cmnist pehe

CMNIST: $\rho$-BALD

causal-bald active-learning --job-dir experiments/ --num-trials 10 --step-size 50 --warm-start-size 250 --max-acquisitions 56 --acquisition-function rho --temperature 0.25 --use-gumbel False --gpu-per-trial 0.5 cmnist --root assets/ deep-kernel-gp --kernel RBF --depth 2 --dropout-rate 0.05 --spectral-norm 3.0 --batch-size 64
causal-bald evaluate --experiment-dir experiments/active_learning/ss-50_ws-250_ma-56_af-rho_temp-0.25_gumb-False/cmnist/deep_kernel_gp/kernel-RBF_ip-100-dh-200_do-1_dp-2_ns--1.0_dr-0.05_sn-3.0_lr-0.001_bs-64_ep-500/ --output-dir experiments/due/cmnist pehe

CMNIST: $\pi$-BALD

causal-bald active-learning --job-dir experiments/ --num-trials 10 --step-size 50 --warm-start-size 250 --max-acquisitions 56 --acquisition-function pi --temperature 0.25 --use-gumbel False --gpu-per-trial 0.5 cmnist --root assets/ deep-kernel-gp --kernel RBF --depth 2 --dropout-rate 0.05 --spectral-norm 3.0 --batch-size 64
causal-bald evaluate --experiment-dir experiments/active_learning/ss-50_ws-250_ma-56_af-pi_temp-0.25_gumb-False/cmnist/deep_kernel_gp/kernel-RBF_ip-100-dh-200_do-1_dp-2_ns--1.0_dr-0.05_sn-3.0_lr-0.001_bs-64_ep-500/ --output-dir experiments/due/cmnist pehe

CMNIST: $\tau$-BALD

causal-bald active-learning --job-dir experiments/ --num-trials 10 --step-size 50 --warm-start-size 250 --max-acquisitions 56 --acquisition-function tau --temperature 0.25 --use-gumbel False --gpu-per-trial 0.5 cmnist --root assets/ deep-kernel-gp --kernel RBF --depth 2 --dropout-rate 0.05 --spectral-norm 3.0 --batch-size 64
causal-bald evaluate --experiment-dir experiments/active_learning/ss-50_ws-250_ma-56_af-tau_temp-0.25_gumb-False/cmnist/deep_kernel_gp/kernel-RBF_ip-100-dh-200_do-1_dp-2_ns--1.0_dr-0.05_sn-3.0_lr-0.001_bs-64_ep-500/ --output-dir experiments/due/cmnist pehe

CMNIST: Random

causal-bald active-learning --job-dir experiments/ --num-trials 10 --step-size 50 --warm-start-size 250 --max-acquisitions 56 --acquisition-function random --temperature 0.25 --use-gumbel False --gpu-per-trial 0.5 cmnist --root assets/ deep-kernel-gp --kernel RBF --depth 2 --dropout-rate 0.05 --spectral-norm 3.0 --batch-size 64
causal-bald evaluate --experiment-dir experiments/active_learning/ss-50_ws-250_ma-56_af-random_temp-0.25_gumb-False/cmnist/deep_kernel_gp/kernel-RBF_ip-100-dh-200_do-1_dp-2_ns--1.0_dr-0.05_sn-3.0_lr-0.001_bs-64_ep-500/ --output-dir experiments/due/cmnist pehe

CMNIST: Sundin

causal-bald active-learning --job-dir experiments/ --num-trials 10 --step-size 50 --warm-start-size 250 --max-acquisitions 56 --acquisition-function sundin --temperature 1.0 --use-gumbel False --gpu-per-trial 0.5 cmnist --root assets/ deep-kernel-gp --kernel RBF --depth 2 --dropout-rate 0.05 --spectral-norm 3.0 --batch-size 64
causal-bald evaluate --experiment-dir experiments/active_learning/ss-50_ws-250_ma-56_af-sundin_temp-1.0_gumb-False/cmnist/deep_kernel_gp/kernel-RBF_ip-100-dh-200_do-1_dp-2_ns--1.0_dr-0.05_sn-3.0_lr-0.001_bs-64_ep-500/ --output-dir experiments/due/cmnist pehe

CMNIST: Plot Results

causal-bald \
    evaluate \
        --experiment-dir experiments/due/cmnist \
    plot-convergence \
        -m mu-rho \
        -m mu \
        -m mu-pi \
        -m rho \ \
        -m pi
        -m tau \
        -m random \
        -m sundin