just like the name
import random
import string
def num_code(length=6):
"""
生成长度为length的数字随机验证码
:param length: 验证码长度
:return: 验证码
"""
return ''.join(random.choice(string.digits) for i in range(0, length))import hashlib
# md5加密
def md5_encrypt(en_str):
"""
使用md5二次加密生成32位的字符串
:param en_str: 需要加密的字符串
:return: 加密后的字符串
"""
md5 = hashlib.md5() # 使用MD5加密模式
md5.update(en_str.encode('utf-8')) # 将参数字符串传入
md5.update(md5.hexdigest().encode('utf-8')) # md5二次加密
return md5.hexdigest()import uuid
import hashlib
def only_token():
"""
使用md5加密uuid生成唯一的32位token
:return: 加密后的字符串
"""
md5 = hashlib.md5() # 使用MD5加密模式
md5.update(str(uuid.uuid1()).encode('utf-8'))
return md5.hexdigest()
#验证码管理表
class AuthCode(models.Model):
name = models.CharField(max_length=10,default=None, null=True, blank=True,verbose_name='姓名')
phone = models.CharField(max_length=11, unique=True, verbose_name='手机号')
code = models.CharField(max_length=6,verbose_name='验证码')
purpose = models.IntegerField(default=0,verbose_name='用途:0->注册验证 1->找回密码 2->其它')
sendNum = models.IntegerField(default=0,verbose_name='发送次数')
isCanGet = models.BooleanField(default=0,verbose_name='0->可以获取,1->不可以获取')
recentlySendTime = models.DateTimeField(auto_now_add=True,verbose_name='最近一次发送时间')
creation_time = models.DateTimeField(auto_now=True, verbose_name='创建时间')
class Meta:
verbose_name = '手机验证码'
verbose_name_plural = verbose_name
import http.client
import urllib
# 使用互亿无线
host = "106.ihuyi.com"
sms_send_uri = "/webservice/sms.php?method=Submit"
# 查看用户名 登录用户中心->验证码通知短信>产品总览->API接口信息->APIID
account = "你的用户名"
# 查看密码 登录用户中心->验证码通知短信>产品总览->API接口信息->APIKEY
password = "你的密码"
def send_sms(text, mobile):
text = f"您的验证码是：{text}。请不要把验证码泄露给其他人。"
params = urllib.parse.urlencode(
{'account': account, 'password': password, 'content': text, 'mobile': mobile, 'format': 'json'})
headers = {"Content-type": "application/x-www-form-urlencoded", "Accept": "text/plain"}
conn = http.client.HTTPConnection(host, port=80, timeout=30)
conn.request("POST", sms_send_uri, params, headers)
response = conn.getresponse()
response_str = response.read()
conn.close()
return response_str
if __name__ == '__main__':
mobile = "手机号"
text = '123122'
print(json.loads(send_sms(text, mobile).decode('utf-8')))
import qrcode
import io
def maker_qrcode(url):
"""
生成二维码
:param url: 需要生成二维码的url
:return: 返回图片字节流
"""
image = qrcode.make(url) # 创建二维码片
buffer = io.BytesIO()
# 将图片内容丢入容器
image.save(buffer, 'png')
# 返回容器内的字节
return buffer.getvalue()
或者
from .settings import BASE_DIR
def create_qrcode(name, url):
"""
生成机器扫码支付二维码
:param name: 图片名称
:param url: 支付路由
:return:
"""
img = qrcode.make(url, border=0) # 创建二维码片
save_path = BASE_DIR + '/' + name + '.png'
print(save_path)
img.save(save_path)
return img
# coding=utf8
import itchat, time
itchat.auto_login(True)
SINCERE_WISH = u'祝%s新年快乐！'
friendList = itchat.get_friends(update=True)[35:]
count = 0
for index,friend in enumerate(friendList):
print(index,friend['DisplayName'],friend['NickName'])
itchat.send(SINCERE_WISH % (friend['DisplayName']
or friend['NickName']), friend['UserName'])
time.sleep(2)
print('备注名称',friend['DisplayName'],'昵称',friend['NickName'],'用户名',friend['UserName'])
print("----end----")
"""
# 发送文本
itchat.send('Hello, WeChat!')
# 发送图片
itchat.send_image('my_picture.png')
# 发送视频
itchat.send_video('my_video.mov')
# 发送文件
itchat.send_file('my_file.zip')
"""
# -*- coding=utf-8 -*-
import requests
import itchat
import random
#图灵机器人
#http://www.tuling123.com/member/robot/1380138/center/frame.jhtml?page=0&child=0获取apikey
KEY = '你的KEY'
def get_response(msg):
apiUrl = 'http://www.tuling123.com/openapi/api'
data = {
'key' : KEY,
'info' : msg,
'userid' : 'wechat-robot',
}
try:
r = requests.post(apiUrl, data=data).json()
return r.get('text')
except:
return
@itchat.msg_register(itchat.content.TEXT)
def tuling_reply(msg):
defaultReply = 'I received: ' + msg['Text']
robots=['','','']
reply = get_response(msg['Text'])+random.choice(robots)
return reply or defaultReply
itchat.auto_login(enableCmdQR=False)
itchat.run()
import re
t = """
goods_id = models.IntegerField(verbose_name='商品编号')
label_code = models.CharField(max_length=20, verbose_name='商品标签')
"""
# 字典
print({k:None for k in re.findall('([a-z_A-Z]+)\s=\s',t)})
# 列表
# print([k for k in re.findall('([a-z_A-Z]+)\s=\s',t)])
输出
{'goods_id': None, 'lable_code': None}
import pymysql
def createData(dataDict,tableName):
"""
给数据表创建数据
:param dataDict: 字典
:param tableName: 表名
:return:
"""
#连接数据库
conn = pymysql.connect(
host='192.168.0.188', #数据库所在地址URL
user='root', #用户名
password='123456', #密码
database='名称', #数据库名称
port=3306, #端口号
charset='utf8'
)
#拿到查询游标
cursor = conn.cursor()
clos,value = zip(*dataDict.items())
sql = "INSERT INTO `%s`(%s) VALUES (%s)" % (tableName,
','.join(clos),
','.join(['%s'] * len(value))
)
print(sql)
cursor.execute(sql, value)
conn.commit()
cursor.close()
conn.close()
print('Done')
try:
pass
except 异常类型 as e:
pass
finally:
pass
异常类型
Exception 全部异常
AttributeError 试图访问一个对象没有的属性，比如foo.x，但是foo没有属性x
IOError 输入/输出异常；基本上是无法打开文件
ImportError 无法引入模块或包；基本上是路径问题或名称错误
IndentationError 语法错误（的子类） ；代码没有正确对齐
IndexError 下标索引超出序列边界，比如当x只有三个元素，却试图访问x[5]
KeyError 试图访问字典里不存在的键
KeyboardInterrupt Ctrl+C被按下
NameError 使用一个还未被赋予对象的变量
SyntaxError Python代码非法，代码不能编译(个人认为这是语法错误，写错了）
TypeError 传入对象类型与要求的不符合
UnboundLocalError 试图访问一个还未被设置的局部变量，基本上是由于另有一个同名的全局变量，导致你以为正在访问它
ValueError 传入一个调用者不期望的值，即使值的类型是正确的
import datetime
current_time = str(datetime.datetime.now())[:19]
print(current_time)
输出格式如：2018-10-20 10:01:43
local_time = time.strftime('%Y%m%d%H%M%S', time.localtime(time.time()))
print(local_time)
from random import Random
import time
def random_str(randomlength=8):
str = ''
chars = 'AaBbCcDdEeFfGgHhIiJjKkLlMmNnOoPpQqRrSsTtUuVvWwXxYyZz0123456789'
length = len(chars) - 1
random = Random()
for i in range(randomlength):
str+=chars[random.randint(0, length)]
return str
def order_num():
"""
生成付款订单号
:return:
"""
local_time = time.strftime('%Y%m%d%H%M%S', time.localtime(time.time()))
result = local_time + random_str(5)
return result
print(order_num())
CURRENT_TIMESTAMP
为表添加索引
ALTER table tableName ADD INDEX indexName(columnName)
# page.py
from rest_framework.pagination import PageNumberPagination
class UserPagination(PageNumberPagination):
"""用户分页器"""
page_size = 10 # 默认的页面数据数量
page_query_param = 'page' # 定制取数据页码key
page_size_query_param = 'page_size' # 默认取数据页码key
max_page_size = 15 # 数据每页取值的最大上限
# serializers.py
from rest_framework import serializers
from user.models import UserInfo
class UserSerializers(serializers.ModelSerializer):
"""用户收货地址"""
class Meta:
model = UserInfo
# 所有字段
#fields = '__all__'
fields = ['name', 'code', 'title', 'province', 'city',
'quxian', 'address', 'code__gte', 'code__lte']
# 显示外键
depth = 2
# views.py
class MachineViews(APIView):
def get(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
# 从前端获取出来的过滤参数，解析成字典传进filter()函数中
# 动态过滤，
kwargs = {}
# 表中的字段名
columns = ['name', 'code', 'title', 'province', 'city',
'quxian', 'address', 'code__gte', 'code__lte']
for k, v in request.query_params.items():
if k not in columns:
return Response('参数不对', status=status.HTTP_400_BAD_REQUEST)
if v:
kwargs[k] = v
users = UserInfo.objects.filter(**kwargs)
page = UserPagination()
page_goods_list = page.paginate_queryset(users, self.request, self)
ser = UserSerializers(page_goods_list, many=True)
return page.get_paginated_response(ser.data)
nohup /home/project_venv/user/bin/python3 -u /home/user/user_server.py >> /home/user/user.log 2>&1 &
ALTER TABLE tb_commentPhoto ADD CONSTRAINT FK_comment_phone
FOREIGN KEY tb_goodsComment(id) REFERENCES tb_commentPhoto(comment_id);
import csv
import random
import string
def create_invite_code(random_code_pool=None, length=6, num=10, is_append=False):
"""
创建随机邀请码,并写入txt文件
:param: random_code_pool 随机邀请码
:param: length 邀请码长度
:param: num 邀请码个数
:param: is_append True追加,False 覆盖
:return:
"""
if not random_code_pool:
code_pool = string.ascii_uppercase + string.digits
random_code_pool = []
for i in range(num):
s = ''
for _ in range(length):
s += random.choice(code_pool)
if s and s not in random_code_pool:
random_code_pool.append(s)
# 写入方法。是追加还是覆盖
write_method = 'a+' if is_append else 'w'
# 写入文件
with open('./invite_code.csv', write_method, newline='') as f:
writer = csv.writer(f)
for rowData in random_code_pool:
# 按行写入
writer.writerow((rowData,))
def check_invite_code(code):
"""
查看邀请码是否存在txt文件中，
若存在就返回True，并在txt文件中删除
若不存在就返回False
:param code:
:return:
"""
code_pool = []
with open('./invite_code.csv', 'r', encoding='utf-8',errors='ignore') as f:
allFileInfo = csv.reader(f)
for row in allFileInfo:
code_pool.append(row[0])
if code in code_pool:
# 删除查询的code
code_pool.pop(code_pool.index(code))
# 重新写入文件
create_invite_code(code_pool,is_append=False)
return True
return False
if __name__ == '__main__':
# create_invite_code(length=9,num=100)
print(check_invite_code('WJ4PSTJG2'))
print('获取相对路径', request.get_full_path())
print('获取绝对路径', request.build_absolute_uri())
print(request.build_absolute_uri('?'))
print(request.build_absolute_uri('/')[:-1].strip("/"))
print(request.build_absolute_uri('/').strip("/"))
print(request.build_absolute_uri('/'))
print('----------')
print(request.META['HTTP_HOST'])
print(request.META['PATH_INFO'])
print(request.META['QUERY_STRING'])
iphost = request.META.get('REMOTE_ADDR', '') # 获取访问来源IP
# 输出如：
获取相对路径 /QRcode/?d=1
获取绝对路径 http://127.0.0.1:8000/QRcode/?d=1
http://127.0.0.1:8000/QRcode/
http://127.0.0.1:8000
http://127.0.0.1:8000
http://127.0.0.1:8000/
----------
127.0.0.1:8000
/QRcode/
d=1
先在项目根目录下创建一个static文件夹
然后在settings.py中设置
STATIC_ROOT = os.path.join(BASE_DIR, 'static')
最后执行下面的命令：
python manage.py collectstatic
https://www.cnblogs.com/lanqie/p/8340215.html
[uwsgi]
# 使用nginx连接时 使用
socket=0.0.0.0:2019
# 直接作为web服务器使用
#http=0.0.0.1:8000
# 配置工程目录
chdir=/home/user
# 配置项目的wsgi目录。相对于工程目录
wsgi-file=user/wsgi.py
virtualenv=/home/project_venv/user
#配置进程，线程信息
processes=1
threads=1
enable-threads=True
master=True
pidfile=uwsgi.pid
daemonize=uwsgi.log
#启动uwsgi的用户名和用户组
uid=root
gid=root
#uwsgi自动重启
py-autoreload=1
浏览器缓存
Ctrl+Shift+Del 清除Google浏览器缓存的快捷键
Ctrl+Shift+R 重新加载当前网页而不使用缓存内容
git clone -b dev 地址
update user set name='张三' where id=111
# 删除
DELETE FROM table_name [WHERE Clause]
# 增加字段
alter table 表名 add column 列名 类型;
# 删除字段
alter table 表名 dropcolumn 列名 ;
import os
import re
def remove_specified_format_file(file_dir, format_name):
"""
删除指定格式的文件
:param file_dir: 文件根目录
:param format_name: 格式
:return:
"""
for root, dirs, files in os.walk(file_dir):
# print(root) #当前目录路径
# print(dirs) #当前路径下所有子目录
# print(files) #当前路径下所有非目录子文件
for file in files:
if re.match(format_name, file):
print(os.path.join(root, file))
os.remove(os.path.join(root, file))
remove_specified_format_file(r'D:\学习\LDC\java', r'\._*')
import os
def file_count(file_dir):
"""
:param file_dir: 文件根目录
:return:
"""
count = 0
for root, dirs, files in os.walk(file_dir):
# print(root) #当前目录路径
# print(dirs) #当前路径下所有子目录
# print(files) #当前路径下所有非目录子文件
count += len(files)
return count
print(file_count(r'D:\学习\LDC\java\Java学习\newEstore\estore\js'))
import os
def file_size(file_dir):
"""
删除指定格式的文件
:param file_dir: 文件根目录
:return:
"""
size = 0
for root, dirs, files in os.walk(file_dir):
# print(root) #当前目录路径
# print(dirs) #当前路径下所有子目录
# print(files) #当前路径下所有非目录子文件
for file in files:
size += os.path.getsize(os.path.join(root, file))
# M为单位
return size / 1024 / 1024
file_name = r'D:\学习'
print(file_size(file_name))
# html
$.ajax({
url: '请求路由',
type: 'GET',
dataType: 'JSONP',
data:{
code: 'yes',
},
jsonp: 'callback',
success: function(res) {
var selectData = $.parseJSON(res);
alert(selectData);
},
error: function(err) {
}
})
# views.py
def get(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
code = request.GET.get('code', '')
# 跨域请求
callback = request.GET.get('callback', '')
return HttpResponse("%s('%s')" % (callback, json.dumps({'code': code})), status=status.HTTP_200_OK)
cors解决跨域
https://www.cnblogs.com/wxiaoyu/p/9578848.html
参考：https://blog.csdn.net/weixin_39735923/article/details/79202563
https://blog.csdn.net/weixin_39735923/article/details/79202563
# 序列化器
class MsgSerializers(serializers.ModelSerializer):
addtime = serializers.DateTimeField(read_only=True, format="%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S")
hasread = serializers.CharField(source='get_hasread_display')
msgtype = serializers.CharField(source='get_msgtype_display')
class Meta:
model = MallMsg
# 可以混合使用
fields = '__all__' # '__all__' 所有字段
# 数据库层级控制（序列化链表操作）
# depth = 1 # 外键层级
#分页器
from rest_framework.pagination import PageNumberPagination
class MyLimitOffsetPagination(PageNumberPagination):
page_size = 3 # 默认的页面数据数量
page_query_param = 'page' # 定制取数据页码key ？
page_size_query_param = 'page_size' # 默认取数据页码key &
max_page_size = 15 # 数据每页取值的最大上限
安装openssl
pip3 install pyOpenSSL
import OpenSSL
import requests
import urllib3.contrib.pyopenssl
urllib3.contrib.pyopenssl.inject_into_urllib3()
def p12_to_pem(certname, pwd):
"""
从.p12文件中提取pem
:param certname:
:param pwd:
:return:
"""
pem_name = certname + ".pem"
f_pem = open(pem_name, 'wb')
p12file = certname + ".p12"
p12 = OpenSSL.crypto.load_pkcs12(open(p12file, 'rb').read(), pwd)
f_pem.write(OpenSSL.crypto.dump_privatekey(OpenSSL.crypto.FILETYPE_PEM, p12.get_privatekey()))
f_pem.write(OpenSSL.crypto.dump_certificate(OpenSSL.crypto.FILETYPE_PEM, p12.get_certificate()))
ca = p12.get_ca_certificates()
if ca is not None:
for cert in ca:
f_pem.write(OpenSSL.crypto.dump_certificate(OpenSSL.crypto.FILETYPE_PEM, cert))
f_pem.close()
return pem_name
def post_cert_request(url, data,header, certname, pwd):
"""
使用证书发起https请求
:param url:
:param data:
:param certname:
:param pwd:
:return:
"""
if (certname != ""):
cert = p12_to_pem(certname, pwd)
else:
cert = None
r = requests.post(url, header=header, data=data, cert=cert)
return r
python manage.py createcachetable 缓存表名
在工程文件目录下敲入：
python manage.py shell
再在python交互界面输入：
from django.contrib.auth.models import User
user = User.objects.get(username = '用户名')
user.set_password('密码')
user.save()
https://blog.csdn.net/Odyssues_lee/article/details/80872586
select * from user where ISNULL(code)
update user set code='111',info='微信' where ISNULL(code)
tail -f 日志名 实时监控日志
tail -f 80_v10.log
netstat -na|grep 80 查看端口tcp连接数
netstat -na|grep 80 | wc -l 计算端口tcp连接数
ps -ef|grep python 查看有多少python程序在运行
gunzip 2015.csv.gz # 解压
unzip 19.zip # 解压zip
wc -l 2015.csv # 查看行数
apt install lrzsz # 安装
sz 文件名 # 下载文件
查找文件
find / -name 文件名
匹配执行过的以find为开头的命令
history | grep find
# models.py
# 用户管理
class UserManage(models.Model):
name = models.CharField(max_length=20, verbose_name='用户名')
phone = models.CharField(max_length=11, unique=True, verbose_name='手机号')
code = models.CharField(max_length=11, unique=True, verbose_name='编号')
user = models.ForeignKey(User, on_delete=models.CASCADE, editable=False, null=True, verbose_name='管理员')
# adminx.py
# 用户列表
class UserAdmin(object):
list_display = [ 'code', 'phone', 'name',]
search_fields = ['code', 'phone']
list_filter = ['code', 'phone']
list_editable = ['name'] # 数据即时编辑
readonly_fields = ['code', 'phone', 'name'] # 只读字段，不能编辑
model_icon = 'fa fa-square'
model = UserInfo
def has_delete_permission(self, *args, **kwargs):
# 禁止删除
if args:
return True
return False
def has_add_permission(self,*args,**kwargs):
# 禁止增加
return False
def save_models(self):
# 用户级别设置
self.new_obj.user = self.request.user
flag = self.org_obj is None and 'create' or 'change'
if flag == 'create':
# 对密码字段进行加密
self.new_obj.password = encrypt_oracle(self.new_obj.password)
elif flag == 'change':
if 'password' in self.change_message():
self.new_obj.password = encrypt_oracle(self.new_obj.password)
else:
pass
super().save_models()
xadmin.site.register(UserInfo, UserAdmin)
import datetime
import time
start = str(datetime.datetime.now())[:19]
time.sleep(60)
end = str(datetime.datetime.now())[:19]
print(start,end)
link_start = datetime.datetime.strptime(start, '%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S')
link_end = datetime.datetime.strptime(end, '%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S')
link_min = round((link_end - link_start).seconds / 60, 2)
print(link_min,'分钟')
参考：https://blog.csdn.net/zejianli/article/details/77915751
from tqdm import tqdm,trange
from time import sleep
text = ""
for char in tqdm(["a", "b", "c", "d"]):
text = text + char
sleep(1)
# 方式二
import time
def process_bar(percent, index, total,start_time, start_str='', end_str='', total_length=100):
# 进度条
percent_length = int(percent)
bar = '\r' + start_str + ('\033[1;31;41m \033[0m' * percent_length + '\033[1;37;47m \033[0m' * (
total_length - percent_length)) + f' {round(index / total * 100, 2)}% ' + f' {index}|{end_str}'+ f' |已进行时间: {round(time.time() - start_time, 2)}秒'
print(bar, end='', flush=True)
if __name__ == '__main__':
data_set = [i for i in range(23)]
i = 0
start_time = time.time()
total = len(data_set)
end_str = '{}'.format(total)
for data in data_set:
time.sleep(1)
i += 1
process_bar(i * 100 / total, i, total, start_time, start_str='', end_str=end_str, total_length=100)
# 方式三
import sys
import time
d = [i for i in range(100)]
for i in range(len(d)):
time.sleep(1)
sys.stdout.write('\r>> Downloading %.2f%%' % (float(i) / float(len(d)) * 100.0))
sys.stdout.flush()
import pandas as pd
lists = [{'a':1,'b':2},{'a':2,'b':3}]
df = pd.DataFrame(lists)
print(df)
df.to_csv('result2.csv')
在网上下载Typora软件安装后 1、在桌面上新建一个txt文件，输入以下内容：
Windows Registry Editor Version 5.00
[HKEY_CLASSES_ROOT\.md\ShellNew]
"NullFile"=""
"FileName"="template.md"
2、另存为，改后缀为.reg，保存类型为.txt，编码为Unicode
3、双击运行，确定，重启电脑，此时在桌面右键就有了新建md文件
import datetime
import redis
redis_client = redis.Redis(
host='127.0.0.1',
port=6379,
db=0,
password='123456'
)
def redis_set():
"""
redis设置值定时过期
:return:
"""
global redis_client
redis_client.set('name','ldc')
now = datetime.datetime.now()
# 设置‘name’50秒过期
expire_time = now + datetime.timedelta(hours=0, minutes=0, seconds=50)
redis_client.expireat('name', expire_time)
if __name__ == '__main__':
redis_set()
import os
def killport(port):
command = '''kill -9 $(netstat -nlp | grep :''' + str(port) + ''' | awk '{print $7}' | awk -F"/" '{ print $1 }')'''
os.system(command)
# 开始执行
if __name__ == '__main__':
port = 4237
killport(port)
iftop -n -N -i eth0
nethogs eth0
vim +/字符串 文件
通过添加注册表项实现
win + r 输入 regedit
找到注册表位置：HKEY_CLASSES_ROOT\Directory\Background\shell\
右键“shel”l,新建“项”，命名为“以管理员身份打开cmd”，
右键“以管理员身份打开cmd”，新建“DWORD(32位)值”，命名为"ShowBasedOnVelocityId",值为“639bc8”
右键“以管理员身份打开cmd”，新建“项”，命名为“command”
右键“command”，点击“默认”，点击“修改”，填写数值为 cmd.exe /s /k pushd “%V”
解决方案 在根目录中找到/static/xadmin/vendor/selectize/selectize.bootstrap3.css 在331行后加入 position: static;
使用中间件实现。
新建一个utils.py文件，存放以下代码：
from django.contrib.sessions.models import Session
from django.db.models import Q
from django.utils import timezone
from django.utils.deprecation import MiddlewareMixin
class XadminMiddleware(MiddlewareMixin):
def process_request(self, request):
"""xadmin后台单点登录"""
PATH_INFO = request.META.get('PATH_INFO', '')
if PATH_INFO and 'xadmin' in PATH_INFO:
request.session.clear_expired() # 清除过期的key
session_key = request.session.session_key
for session in Session.objects.filter(~Q(session_key=session_key), expire_date__gte=timezone.now()):
data = session.get_decoded()
if data.get('_auth_user_id', None) == str(request.user.id):
session.delete()
然后在urls.py中设置：
urlpatterns = [
...
re_path('^xadmin/', xadmin.site.urls),
...
]
然后在settings.py中注册中间件
MIDDLEWARE = [
...
'utils.xadminauth.XadminMiddleware',
...
]
SESSION_COOKIE_AGE = 1209600 # 设置过期时间
SESSION_SAVE_EVERY_REQUEST = Ture # 每次请求都更新
【参考】 https://blog.csdn.net/Python_anning
# 导入第三方包
pip install django-crispy-forms==1.7.2
# 在settings.py中添加应用
INSTALLED_APPS = [
...
'drf_multiple_model',
'rest_framework',
...
]
# 在views.py中使用
from drf_multiple_model.pagination import MultipleModelLimitOffsetPagination
from drf_multiple_model.views import ObjectMultipleModelAPIView
class LimitPagination(MultipleModelLimitOffsetPagination):
# 多个models数据表联合查询，分页，每页限制数据10条
default_limit = 10
class StudentSerializers(serializers.ModelSerializer):
"""学生表序列化器"""
# merchant = MerchantSerializers()
register_time = serializers.DateTimeField(read_only=True, format="%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S")
class Meta:
model = Student
fields = '__all__'
class ClassesSerializers(serializers.ModelSerializer):
"""班级表序列化器"""
# merchant = MerchantSerializers()
add_time = serializers.DateTimeField(read_only=True, format="%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S")
class Meta:
model = Classes
fields = '__all__'
class SchoolSerializers(serializers.ModelSerializer):
"""学校表序列化器"""
# merchant = MerchantSerializers()
add_time = serializers.DateTimeField(read_only=True, format="%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S")
class Meta:
model = School
fields = '__all__'
class StudentInfo(ObjectMultipleModelAPIView):
# 获取学生信息，班级信息，学校信息
def get(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
uid = request.GET.get('uid', '') # 学生id
cid = request.GET.get('cid', '') # 班级id
sid = request.GET.get('sid', '') # 学校id
self.querylist = [
{'queryset': Student.objects.filter(id=uid).order_by('-id'),
'serializer_class': StudentSerializers, 'label': 'student', },
{'queryset': Classes.objects.filter(id=cid).order_by('-id'),
'serializer_class': ClassesSerializers, 'label': 'classes', },
{'queryset': School.objects.filter(id=sid).order_by('-id'),
'serializer_class': SchoolSerializers, 'label': 'school', },
]
return self.list(request, *args, **kwargs)
pagination_class = LimitPagination
通过 related_name='goods_price’把两个表关联起来，当返回Goods的信息时也会返回相应的GoodsPrice信息
class GoodsPriceSerializers(serializers.ModelSerializer):
"""商品价格表序列化器"""
class Meta:
model = GoodsPrice
fields = ['price']
class GoodsSerializers(serializers.ModelSerializer):
"""商品表序列化器"""
goods_price = GoodsPriceSerializers(many=True, read_only=True)
class Meta:
model = Goods
fields = ['title','goods_price']
depth = 2
class Goods(models.Model):
"""商品表"""
title = models.CharField(max_length=50, verbose_name='商品名称')
class Meta:
db_table = 'goods'
verbose_name = '商品信息表'
verbose_name_plural = verbose_name
def __str__(self):
return self.title
class GoodsPrice(models.Model):
"""商品价格表,通过外键关联商品信息表"""
price = models.DecimalField(max_digits=10, decimal_places=2, default=0, verbose_name='售价')
goods = models.ForeignKey(to='Goods', related_name='goods_price', on_delete=models.SET_NULL, blank=True, null=True,verbose_name='商品')
def __str__(self):
return str(self.price)
class Meta:
managed = True
db_table = 'goodsPrice'
verbose_name = '商品售价'
verbose_name_plural = verbose_name
class Footest(APIView):
def get(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
# print(request.META)
if 'MicroMessenger' in request.META['HTTP_USER_AGENT']:
return Response(data={'msg': '访问来源是微信'})
elif 'AlipayClient' in request.META['HTTP_USER_AGENT']:
return Response(data={'msg': '访问来源是支付宝'})
else:
return Response(data={'msg': '访问来源是其他'})
User Agent中文名为用户代理，简称 UA，它是一个特殊字符串头，使得服务器能够识别客户使用的操作系统及版本、CPU 类型、浏览器及版本、浏览器渲染引擎、浏览器语言、浏览器插件等。
浏览器的 UA 字串
标准格式为： 浏览器标识 (操作系统标识; 加密等级标识; 浏览器语言) 渲染引擎标识 版本信息
获取user-Agent 之后， 通过识别MicroMessenger或者AlipayClient这样的关键字应该就可以判断是微信还是支付宝 【参考文章】 https://blog.csdn.net/fly910905/article/details/82498813?utm_source=blogxgwz4
效果图：
1、添加
在虚拟环境根目录\Lib\site-packages\xadmin\plugins中添加excel.py文件
from xadmin.views import BaseAdminPlugin, ListAdminView
from django.template import loader
import xadmin
class ListExcelImportPlugin(BaseAdminPlugin):
# 重写init_request
import_excel = False
def init_request(self, *args, **kwargs):
return self.import_excel
def block_top_toolbar(self, context, nodes):
# 这里 xadmin/excel/model_list.top_toolbar.import.html 是自己写的html文件
nodes.append(loader.render_to_string("xadmin/excel/model_list.top_toolbar.import.html"))
xadmin.site.register_plugin(ListExcelImportPlugin, ListAdminView)
在虚拟环境根目录\Lib\site-packages\xadmin\plugins__init__.py中
PLUGINS = (
...
'excel',
...
)
2、添加html文件
在虚拟环境根目录\Lib\site-packages\xadmin\templates\xadmin\中增加文件夹excel,在文件夹中添加model_list.top_toolbar.import.html文件
{% load i18n %}
<div class="btn-group export">
<a class="dropdown-toggle btn btn-default btn-sm" data-toggle="dropdown" href="#">
<i class="icon-share"></i> 导入数据 <span class="caret"></span>
</a>
<ul class="dropdown-menu" role="menu" aria-labelledby="dLabel">
<li><a data-toggle="modal" data-target="#export-modal-import-excel"><i class="icon-circle-arrow-down"></i> 导入
Excel</a></li>
</ul>
<div id="export-modal-import-excel" class="modal fade">
<div class="modal-dialog">
<div class="modal-content">
<form method="post" action="" enctype="multipart/form-data">
<!--{% csrf_token %}-->
<div class="modal-header">
<button type="button" class="close" data-dismiss="modal" aria-hidden="true">×</button>
<h4 class="modal-title">导入 Excel</h4>
</div>
<div class="modal-body">
<input type="file" onchange="fileChange(this)" name="excel" id="submit_upload">
</div>
<div class="modal-footer">
<button type="button" class="btn btn-default" data-dismiss="modal">{% trans "Close" %}</button>
<button class="btn btn-success" type="button" id="submit_upload_b"><i class="icon-share"></i> 导入
</button>
</div>
</form>
</div><!-- /.modal-content -->
</div><!-- /.modal-dalog -->
</div><!-- /.modal -->
</div>
<script type="text/javascript">
function fileChange(target) {
//检测上传文件的类型
var imgName = document.all.submit_upload.value;
var ext, idx;
if (imgName == '') {
document.all.submit_upload_b.disabled = true;
alert("请选择需要上传的 xls 文件!");
return;
} else {
idx = imgName.lastIndexOf(".");
if (idx != -1) {
ext = imgName.substr(idx + 1).toUpperCase();
ext = ext.toLowerCase();
if (ext != 'xls' && ext != 'xlsx') {
document.all.submit_upload_b.disabled = true;
alert("只能上传 .xls 类型的文件!");
return;
}
} else {
document.all.submit_upload_b.disabled = true;
alert("只能上传 .xls 类型的文件!");
return;
}
}
}
$(document).ready(function () {
$('#submit_upload_b').click(function () {
var form_data = new FormData();
var file_info = $('#submit_upload')[0].files[0];
form_data.append('file', file_info);
form_data.append('file_source', $('.breadcrumb li').eq(1).text().trim());
var url = window.location.protocol + '//' + window.location.host + '/importkdorderno/'
$.ajax({
url: url,
type: 'POST',
data: form_data,
dataType: "json",
beforeSend: function (xhr) {
xhr.setRequestHeader("X-CSRFToken", $.getCookie("csrftoken"))
},
processData: false, // tell jquery not to process the data
contentType: false, // tell jquery not to set contentType
success: function (res) {
alert(res.msg);
window.location.reload();
},
error: function (err) {
}
});
});
})
</script>
3、在views.py处理上传的excel文件
import pandas as pd
from rest_framework.views import APIView
class ImportKDOrderNo(APIView):
def post(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
file = request.FILES.get('file')
# read = InMemoryUploadedFile().open()
data = pd.read_excel(file) # 使用pandas处理excel文件
file_source = request.POST.get('file_source', '') # 文件来源
if '订单号' and '物流单号' not in data:
return Response(data={'msg': '文件格式有误，第一行第一列应该为【订单号】，第一行第二列应该为【物流单号】'})
ordernos = data['订单号']
logistics = data['物流单号']
for i in range(len(ordernos)):
print('订单号', ordernos[i], '物流单号', logistics[i])
return Response(data={'msg': '上传成功'})
4、在urls.py中添加访问路由
from django.urls import path
from 你的应用名称 import views
app_name = '你的应用名称'
urlpatterns = [
# 其他路由
...
# 导入物流单号
path('importkdorderno/', views.ImportKDOrderNo.as_view(), name='importkdorderno'),
]
views.py
from datetime import datetime
class CountFee(APIView):
def get(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
# 获取当前时间的年月日，然后使用聚合函数添加fee字段的值
year = datetime.now().year
month = datetime.now().month
day = datetime.now().day
count_fees = FeeDetail.objects.filter(addtime__year=year, addtime__month=month, addtime__day=day).aggregate(Sum('fee'))
all_fee = count_fees['fee__sum'] if count_fees['fee__sum'] else 0
print(all_fee)
return Response({'code': 1, 'msg': 'success', 'data': {'all_fee': all_fee}})
import platform
PlATFORM = platform.system()
if PlATFORM == "Linux":
print('linux')
else:
print('其他')
# 联合更新
update malluser set master_master_id=3 where master_id in (select a.id from (select id from malluser where id like '15%')a)
# 统计某字段重复数据
SELECT phone, COUNT(*) AS sumCount FROM malluser GROUP BY phone HAVING sumCount > 1;
`get_deleted_objects() takes 3 positional arguments but 5 were given`
这是由于Django2.1版本和xadmin不兼容导致的
知道虚拟环境\Lib\site-packages\xadmin\plugins\actions.py
修改93行，
把
deletable_objects, model_count, perms_needed, protected = get_deleted_objects(
queryset, self.opts, self.user, self.admin_site, using)
改为
deletable_objects, model_count, perms_needed, protected = get_deleted_objects(
queryset, self.user, self.admin_site)
然后在adminx.py文件中对应的模型类中允许删除
class MaterialAdmin(object):
"""素材库分类"""
list_display = ['id', 'name', 'class_id', 'is_delete', 'addtime']
def has_delete_permission(self, *args, **kwargs):
return True
//如果登录z=xadmin后台的账号不是【root】的就不能点击更新操作
var master_name = $('#top-nav').find('strong').text();
master_name = master_name.substring(4);
if(master_name != 'root'){
$(".grid-item a").each(function(index, element) {
$(this).attr('href','#');
});
}
在微信网页版，打开公众号，点击右上角“…”，在弹框中选择右下角中间的“查看历史记录”，然后在弹框中选择左上角倒数第一个，“用默认浏览器打开”，就可以在打开的浏览器中获取该公众号的关注url，当把这个url发给好友时，好友点开的就是去关注公众号的页面。
虚拟环境根目录\Lib\site-packages\xadmin\views\base.py
可以找到：
在项目子应用下的adminx.py中使用
import xadmin
from machine.models import Machine
class MachineAdmin(object):
list_display = ['code',] # 显示的字段
search_fields = ['code'] # 搜索的字段
list_filter = ['code', 'is_delete'] # 过滤的字段
ordering = ('-id',) # 按id降序排序
list_editable = ['is_delete', ] # 数据即时编辑
list_per_page = 30 # 每页显示数据数量
model_icon = 'fa fa-cog fa-spin' # 左侧显示的小图标
def has_delete_permission(self, *args, **kwargs):
# 删除权限
if self.request.user.is_superuser: # 管理员才能增加
return True
return False
def has_add_permission(self, *args, **kwargs):
if self.request.user.is_superuser: # 管理员才能增加
return True
return False
def has_change_permission(self, *args, **kwargs):
if self.request.user.is_superuser: # 管理员才能修改
return True
return False
def queryset(self):
qs = super(MachineAdmin, self).queryset()
if self.request.user.is_superuser: # 管理员可以查看所有
return qs
else:
# 登录用户只能看到自己修改的数据
return qs.filter(master_id=self.request.user.last_name)
xadmin.site.register(MallMachine, MallMachineAdmin)
先在/etc/nginx/sites-available中创建一个配置文件，文件名为test(注意没有后缀):
#设定虚拟主机配置
server {
#侦听80端口
listen 80;
listen 443 ssl;
#定义使用 www.nginx.cn访问
#ssl on;
server_name xxx.xxx.com;
#定义服务器的默认网站根目录位置
root /root/项目名称;
ssl_session_timeout 5m;
ssl_certificate /etc/nginx/cert/xxx.pem;
ssl_certificate_key /etc/nginx/cert/xxx.key;
ssl_ciphers ECDHE-RSA-AES128-GCM-SHA256:ECDHE:ECDH:AES:HIGH:!NULL:!aNULL:!MD5:!ADH:!RC4;
ssl_protocols TLSv1 TLSv1.1 TLSv1.2;
ssl_prefer_server_ciphers on;
#设定本虚拟主机的访问日志
#access_log logs/nginx.access.log main;
#默认请求
location / {
#倒入了uwsgi的配置
include uwsgi_params;
client_max_body_size 50m;
#连接uwsgi的超时时间
# uwsgi_connect_timeout 30;
#设定了uwsig服务器位置
uwsgi_pass 127.0.0.1:8002;
}
location /static{
alias /root/项目名称/static;
}
location /media {
alias /root/项目名称/media;
}
}
其中xxx.xxx.com表示域名.如果没有https，就使用#把ssl注释掉就可以了。
然后把test映射到/etc/nginx/sites-enabled
命令
ln -s /etc/nginx/sites-available/test /etc/nginx/sites-enabled/test
即可 注意： uwsgi中配置listen=1024时，启动uwsgi时可能会报错：
django + uwsgi + nginx 日志Listen queue size is greater than the system max net.core.somaxconn (128).
解决方法:
修改系统参数
/proc/sys/net/ipv4/tcp_max_syn_backlog 原来2048 改为8192
/proc/sys/net/core/somaxconn 原来128 改为262144
重启nginx
nginx -s reload
输入你用户绑定的邮箱
想要发送邮件，需要在settings.py中设置邮件发送器
settings.py最下面增加
# ------------------------邮箱配置-----------------------------------------
EMAIL_BACKEND = 'django.core.mail.backends.smtp.EmailBackend' #把要发送的邮件显示再控制台上，方便调试
EMAIL_USE_SSL = True
EMAIL_HOST = 'smtp.qq.com' # 如果是 163 改成 smtp.163.com
EMAIL_PORT = 465
EMAIL_HOST_USER = '邮箱账号' # 帐号
EMAIL_HOST_PASSWORD = '授权码' # 到邮箱里开通
DEFAULT_FROM_EMAIL = EMAIL_HOST_USER
由于django2与xadmin有些地方不兼容，需要修改源码：
找到虚拟环境根目录\Lib\site-packages\xadmin\plugins\passwords.py
在passwords.py文件中大概79行，修改为
return password_reset_confirm(request=request, uidb36=uidb36, token=token,
template_name=self.password_reset_confirm_template,
token_generator=self.password_reset_token_generator,
set_password_form=self.password_reset_set_form,
post_reset_redirect=self.get_admin_url('xadmin_password_reset_complete'),
current_app=self.admin_site.name, extra_context=context).dispatch(request=request,
uidb64=uidb36,token=token)
找到虚拟环境根目录Lib\site-packages\django\contrib\auth\views.py
在views.py文件中大概258行，增加：
# 成功后跳转路由,根据自己实际来定
self.success_url = self.request.build_absolute_uri('/') + 'xadmin/'
class MallGoodsAdmin(object):
"""商品管理"""
list_display = ['id', 'show_photo', 'nickname', 'merchant', 'goods_class', 'label',]
search_fields = ['nickname']
list_filter = ['goods_class', 'label',]
model_icon = 'fa fa-bars'
list_editable = ['goods_class', ]
#,重写虚拟环境根目录下\Lib\site-packages\xadmin\views\edit.py中的formfield_for_dbfield
def formfield_for_dbfield(self, db_field, **kwargs):
# 对MallGoodsClass这个表项的下拉框选择进行过滤
# MallGoods中有一个goods_class商品分类外键MallGoodsClass，过滤掉外键MallGoodsClass中
# master_class为空的值
if db_field.name == "goods_class":
kwargs["queryset"] = MallGoodsClass.objects.filter(master_class__isnull=False)
# 对assigned_recipient这个表项的下拉选择进行过滤
return db_field.formfield(**dict(**kwargs))
return super().formfield_for_dbfield(db_field, **kwargs)
xadmin.site.register(models.MallGoods, MallGoodsAdmin)
虚拟环境根目录下\Lib\site-packages\xadmin\plugins\editable.py，在大概
129行增加：
form.fields[fields[0]].empty_label = None
找到虚拟环境根目录\Lib\site-packages\xadmin\views\dashboard.py
在548行、554行
改为：
@filter_hook
def get_widgets(self):
if self.widget_customiz:
portal_pos = UserSettings.objects.filter(
key=self.get_portal_key())
if len(portal_pos):
portal_pos = portal_pos[0].value
widgets = []
if portal_pos:
user_widgets = dict([(uw.id, uw) for uw in UserWidget.objects.filter(page_id=self.get_page_id())])
for col in portal_pos.split('|'):
ws = []
for wid in col.split(','):
try:
widget = user_widgets.get(int(wid))
if widget:
ws.append(self.get_widget(widget))
except Exception as e:
import logging
logging.error(e, exc_info=True)
widgets.append(ws)
return widgets
return self.get_init_widget()
plugins/python/uwsgi_python.h:2:20: fatal error: Python.h: No such file or directory
首先安装python3环境
apt install python3-dev
然后再虚拟环境中
pip install uwsgi
list_filter: 过滤器要慎用，不要使用类似id这些数据量大的字段
class MallUserAdmin(object):
"""用户管理"""
list_display = ['id', 'tp_icon', 'nickname', 'phone', 'level', 'balance', 'province', 'city', 'quxian'] # 显示字段
search_fields = ['id', 'nickname', 'phone'] # 搜索
list_filter = ['level', 'province', 'city', 'quxian'] # 过滤器
# list_filter = ['id', 'level', 'province', 'city', 'quxian'] # 如果加id，xadmin加载回来的数据就会很慢，所以不要在过滤器上使用id
list_per_page = 30 # 默认每页数量
model_icon = 'fa fa-users' # 左侧图标
ordering = ['-id'] # 排序
readonly_fields = ['subscribe', 'wx_openid', 'phone'] # 只读字段
is_addbalance = True # 加载自定义的插件
relfield_style = 'fk-ajax' # 其他表如果外键到用户表就做ajax搜索查询，不一次性加载数据
常规的导出只有两个选择【导出表头】、【导出全部数据】
现在想要做的是增加一个选择，即【导出表头】、【导出全部数据】、【导出勾选数据】，如下图：
需要修改xadmin源代码，具体如下
找到虚拟环境\Lib\site-packages\xadmin\views\list.py，在607行增加’xadmin.plugin.importexport.js’，如下图所示
找到虚拟环境\Lib\site-packages\xadmin\plugins\export.py
在84行把rows = context[‘results’]修改成如下函数
# 新增导出所选数据
# rows = context['results']
rows = []
select_across = self.request.GET.get('_select_across', False) == '1'
selected = self.request.GET.get('_selected_actions', '')
if self.request.GET.get('selected', 'off') == 'on':
if not select_across:
selected_pk = selected.split(',')
for i in context['results']:
if str(i['object'].id) in selected_pk:
rows.append(i)
else:
rows = context['results']
else:
rows = context['results']
3、 修改model_list.top_toolbar.exports.html 找到虚拟环境\Lib\site-packages\xadmin\templates\xadmin\blocks\model_list.top_toolbar.exports.html
使用以下代码覆盖原文件
{% load i18n %}
<div class="btn-group export">
<a id="export-menu" class="dropdown-toggle btn btn-default btn-sm" data-toggle="dropdown" href="#">
<i class="fa fa-share"></i> {% trans "Export" %} <span class="caret"></span>
</a>
<ul class="dropdown-menu" role="menu" aria-labelledby="dLabel">
{% for et in export_types %}
<li><a data-toggle="modal" data-target="#export-modal-{{et.type}}"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-down">
</i> {% trans "Export" %} {{et.name}}</a></li>
{% endfor %}
</ul>
{% for et in export_types %}
<div id="export-modal-{{et.type}}" class="modal fade">
<div class="modal-dialog">
<div class="modal-content">
<form method="get" action="">
<div class="modal-header">
<button type="button" class="close" data-dismiss="modal" aria-hidden="true">×</button>
<h4 class="modal-title">{% trans "Export" %} {{et.name}}</h4>
</div>
<div class="modal-body">
{{ form_params|safe }}
<input type="hidden" name="export_type" value="{{et.type}}">
<!-- 增加 导出所选数据 一栏 -->
<input type="hidden" name="_selected_actions" value=""/>
<input type="hidden" name="_select_across" value=""/>
<label class="checkbox">
{% if et.type == "xlsx" %}
<input type="checkbox" name="export_xlsx_header" checked="checked" value="on">
{% trans "Export with table header." %}
{% endif %}
{% if et.type == "xls" %}
<input type="checkbox" name="export_xls_header" checked="checked" value="on">
{% trans "Export with table header." %}
{% endif %}
{% if et.type == "csv" %}
<input type="checkbox" name="export_csv_header" checked="checked" value="on">
{% trans "Export with table header." %}
{% endif %}
{% if et.type == "xml" %}
<input type="checkbox" name="export_xml_format" checked="checked" value="on">
{% trans "Export with format." %}
{% endif %}
{% if et.type == "json" %}
<input type="checkbox" name="export_json_format" checked="checked" value="on">
{% trans "Export with format." %}
{% endif %}
</label>
<label class="checkbox">
<input type="checkbox" name="all" value="on"> {% trans "Export all data." %}
</label>
<!-- 增加 导出所选数据 一栏 -->
<label class="checkbox">
<input type="checkbox" name="selected" value="on"> 导出勾选数据
</label>
</div>
<div class="modal-footer">
<button type="button" class="btn btn-default" data-dismiss="modal">{% trans "Close" %}</button>
<button class="btn btn-success myexport glyphicon glyphicon-export " type="submit"><i
class="fa fa-share"></i> {% trans "Export" %}
</button>
</div>
</form>
</div><!-- /.modal-content -->
</div><!-- /.modal-dalog -->
</div><!-- /.modal -->
{% endfor %}
</div>
<script type="text/javascript">
// 如果是订单导出，把待出货订单设置成待收货订单
$(document).ready(function () {
$('.myexport').click(function () {
// 当把订单导出时，需要修改订单状态为待收货状态
var url = window.location.protocol + '//' + window.location.host + "/exportorder/";
$("input[name='_select_across']").val($("input[name='select_across']").val());
if ($("input[name='selected']").is(':checked')) {
var arr = [];
$.each($('.action-select'), function () {
if (true == $(this).prop('checked')) {
arr.push($(this).val());
}
});
if(arr.length == 0){
alert('请先勾选导出数据')
return false
}
}else{
var arr = []
var order_type = $('.breadcrumb li').eq(1).text().trim()
$('.grid-item').each(function (index, el) {
arr.push($(el).find('td').eq(1).text().trim())
})
}
if (($('.breadcrumb > li').eq(1).text()).indexOf('订单') != -1) {
// 5秒后执行
setTimeout(function () {
$.ajax({
type: "POST",
url: url,
data: {'orderlist': JSON.stringify(arr), 'order_type': order_type,},
beforeSend: function (xhr) {
xhr.setRequestHeader("X-CSRFToken", $.getCookie("csrftoken"))
},
success: function (data) {
window.location.reload();
},
error: function (xhr) {
alert("出现未知错误");
window.location.reload();
}
});
}, 5000);
}
});
})
</script>
from django.db.models import F
# 使用F查询更新用户余额
balance = 5
MallUser.objects.filter(id=1).update(balance=F('balance') + balance)
相当于sql的
update Malluser set balance=balance + 5 where id=1;
import logging
import platform
# 全局函数
PlATFORM = platform.system()
if (PlATFORM == "Linux"):
# linux系统,文件保存在var下
SERVER_LOG_PATH = '/var/mylog.log'
else:
# windows系统,文件保存在D盘下
SERVER_LOG_PATH = 'D:\mylog.log'
# 定义一个logging的对象，命名为mylog
LOGGER = logging.getLogger('mylog')
# 设置级别为WARNING
LOGGER.setLevel(logging.WARNING)
# 创建一个handler，用于写入日志文件
fh = logging.FileHandler(SERVER_LOG_PATH, encoding='utf-8')
fh.setLevel(logging.WARNING)
# 定义handler的输出格式
formatter = logging.Formatter('%(asctime)s - %(name)s - %(levelname)s - %(message)s', datefmt='%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S')
fh.setFormatter(formatter)
# 给Logger添加handler
LOGGER.addHandler(fh)
# 不在控制台显示
LOGGER.propagate = False
字典在内存中发布是无序的，当想对键值或者键名进行排序时可以先把字典转成元组，这可以达到排序的目的。
score = {'小明': {'avg_score': 90, 'English': 90, 'Math': 90, 'Chniese': 90, },
'小红': {'avg_score': 60, 'English': 60, 'Math': 61, 'Chniese': 59, },
'小黑': {'avg_score': 70, 'English': 75, 'Math': 65, 'Chniese': 70, },
'小白': {'avg_score': 80, 'English': 95, 'Math': 65, 'Chniese': 80, },
}
# 对姓名进行排序，即对键名进行排序
b = sorted(score.items(), key=lambda x: x[0], reverse=True)
show_str = ''
for info in b:
# print(info)
key, value = info[0], info[1]
show_str += '姓名：{},平均分：{}，成绩：{}'.format(key,value['avg_score'], value) + '\r\n'
print('对姓名进行排序')
print(show_str)
# 对平均分进行排序
b = sorted(score.items(), key=lambda x: x[1]['avg_score'], reverse=True)
show_str = ''
for info in b:
# print(info)
key, value = info[0], info[1]
show_str += '姓名：{},平均分：{}，成绩：{}'.format(key,value['avg_score'], value) + '\r\n'
print('对平均分进行排序')
print(show_str)
# 对英语成绩进行排序
b = sorted(score.items(), key=lambda x: x[1]['English'], reverse=True)
show_str = ''
for info in b:
# print(info)
key, value = info[0], info[1]
show_str += '姓名：{},平均分：{}，成绩：{}'.format(key,value['avg_score'], value) + '\r\n'
print('对英语成绩进行排序')
print(show_str)
输出：
对姓名进行排序
姓名：小黑,平均分：70，成绩：{'avg_score': 70, 'English': 75, 'Math': 65, 'Chniese': 70}
姓名：小红,平均分：60，成绩：{'avg_score': 60, 'English': 60, 'Math': 61, 'Chniese': 59}
姓名：小白,平均分：80，成绩：{'avg_score': 80, 'English': 95, 'Math': 65, 'Chniese': 80}
姓名：小明,平均分：90，成绩：{'avg_score': 90, 'English': 90, 'Math': 90, 'Chniese': 90}
对平均分进行排序
姓名：小明,平均分：90，成绩：{'avg_score': 90, 'English': 90, 'Math': 90, 'Chniese': 90}
姓名：小白,平均分：80，成绩：{'avg_score': 80, 'English': 95, 'Math': 65, 'Chniese': 80}
姓名：小黑,平均分：70，成绩：{'avg_score': 70, 'English': 75, 'Math': 65, 'Chniese': 70}
姓名：小红,平均分：60，成绩：{'avg_score': 60, 'English': 60, 'Math': 61, 'Chniese': 59}
对英语成绩进行排序
姓名：小白,平均分：80，成绩：{'avg_score': 80, 'English': 95, 'Math': 65, 'Chniese': 80}
姓名：小明,平均分：90，成绩：{'avg_score': 90, 'English': 90, 'Math': 90, 'Chniese': 90}
姓名：小黑,平均分：70，成绩：{'avg_score': 70, 'English': 75, 'Math': 65, 'Chniese': 70}
姓名：小红,平均分：60，成绩：{'avg_score': 60, 'English': 60, 'Math': 61, 'Chniese': 59}
from operator import itemgetter
data = [
{'code': 1, 'position': 300, 'time': '1620442242'},
{'code': 2, 'position': 255, 'time': '1620442242'},
{'code': 3, 'position': 256, 'time': '1620442242'},
{'code': 1, 'position': 500, 'time': '1620442242'},
{'code': 5, 'position': 455, 'time': '1620442242'},
{'code': 1, 'position': 322, 'time': '1620442242'},
{'code': 6, 'position': 676, 'time': '1620442242'},
]
data = sorted(data, key=itemgetter('code', 'position'))
print(data)
输出：
[
{'code': 1, 'position': 300, 'time': '1620442242'},
{'code': 1, 'position': 322, 'time': '1620442242'},
{'code': 1, 'position': 500, 'time': '1620442242'},
{'code': 2, 'position': 255, 'time': '1620442242'},
{'code': 3, 'position': 256, 'time': '1620442242'},
{'code': 5, 'position': 455, 'time': '1620442242'},
{'code': 6, 'position': 676, 'time': '1620442242'}]
import datetime
# 当前时间转字符串
now = datetime.datetime.strftime(datetime.datetime.now(), '%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S')
# 字符串转时间格式
now = datetime.datetime.strptime(now, '%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S')
a = now + datetime.timedelta(minutes=-15)
# 时间比较大小
if a < now:
print('yes')
str_data = '\\u7528\\u6237 ID \\u6216\\u5bc6\\u7801\\u9519\\u8bef'
# 字符串.encode('utf-8').decode('unicode_escape')
str_data_to_zh = str_data.encode('utf-8').decode('unicode_escape')
print(str_data_to_zh)
# 输出
用户 ID 或密码错误
原因：可能是由于app下面没有migrations文件夹 所以需要创建这个文件夹，命令
python manage.py makemigrations --empty 你的app名称
apt install lrzsz
sz 123.txt
git log --author="ldc"
可以把英文翻译成中文，也可以把中文翻译成英文
pip install translate
from translate import Translator
name = 'giant panda, panda, panda bear, coon bear, Ailuropoda melanoleuca'
translator = Translator(to_lang="chinese")
translation = translator.translate(name)
print(translation)
translator= Translator(from_lang="chinese",to_lang="english")
translation = translator.translate("我想你")
print(translation)
输出：
大熊猫，熊猫，熊猫熊，浣熊，大熊猫
I missed you.
import ast
import json
target_str = '{"h": 1, "e": 2, "l": 3, "l": 4, "o": 5}'
target_str2 = "{'h': 1, 'e': 2, 'l': 3, 'l': 4, 'o': 5}"
# 方式1：使用json，缺点，字符串中不能出现单引号
# 由于 json 语法规定 数组或对象之中的字符串必须使用双引号，不能使用单引号
# 官网https://www.json.org/json-en.html上有一段描述是
# A string is a sequence of zero or more Unicode characters, wrapped in double quotes, using backslash escapes
print(json.loads(target_str))
# print(json.loads(target_str2)) # 使用json转这个字符串会报错 Expecting property name enclosed in double quotes
# 方式2：使用eval函数，缺点，不安全
print(eval(target_str))
print(eval(target_str2))
# print(eval("__import__('os').system('dir')")) # 会列出当前的目录文件，如果字符串是一些删除命令，则可以把整个目录清空！
# 方式3，使用ast.literal_eval，没有json与eval的缺点，推荐使用这个
print(ast.literal_eval(target_str))
print(ast.literal_eval(target_str2))
输出：
{'h': 1, 'e': 2, 'l': 4, 'o': 5}
{'h': 1, 'e': 2, 'l': 4, 'o': 5}
{'h': 1, 'e': 2, 'l': 4, 'o': 5}
{'h': 1, 'e': 2, 'l': 4, 'o': 5}
{'h': 1, 'e': 2, 'l': 4, 'o': 5}
1.在app (这里以user为例)下面的__init__.py文件中
添加:
default_app_config = 'user.apps.UserConfig'
2.在apps.py中
from django.apps import AppConfig
class UserConfig(AppConfig):
name = 'user'
verbose_name = '用户'
import openpyxl, sys
wb = openpyxl.load_workbook('b.xlsx')
sheet = wb['Sheet1']
# 在excel表格第二行添加新数据
addrow = 1 # 增加一行
row = 2 # 在第二行新增一行
name = 'b-back.xlsx' # 新的表名
wb1 = openpyxl.Workbook()
sheet1 = wb1['Sheet']
# 复制前row行
for i in range(1, row):
for j in range(1, sheet.max_column + 1):
sheet1.cell(row=i, column=j).value = sheet.cell(row=i, column=j).value
# 复制后row行
for i in range(row, sheet.max_row + 1):
for j in range(1, sheet.max_column + 1):
if i == row:
# 给第row行添加新的数据
sheet1.cell(row=row, column=j).value = '新增'
sheet1.cell(row=i + addrow, column=j).value = sheet.cell(row=i, column=j).value
wb1.save(name)
d = {'a': 1, 'b': 2, 'c': 3, 'd': 5}
print('{a},{b}'.format(**d))
print('{0},{1},{0}'.format('a', 'b'))
print(f"{d['a']}")
输出：
1,2
a,b,a
1
表a_test
表b_test
INNER JOIN
是A和B的交集
SELECT * FROM a_test INNER JOIN b_test ON a_test.name = b_test.namesa
Inner join 产生的结果集中，是A和B的交集。
FULL OUTER JOIN
产生A和B的并集
SELECT * FROM a_test FULL OUTER JOIN b_test ON a_test.name = b_test.name
Full outer join 产生A和B的并集。
但是需要注意的是，对于没有匹配的记录，则会以null做为值。
可以使用IF NULL判断。
SELECT * FROM a_test FULL OUTER JOIN b_test ON a_test.name = b_test.name
WHERE a_test.id IS null OR b_test.id IS null
产生A表和B表没有交集的数据集。
LEFT [OUTER] JOIN
产生表A的完全集，而B表中匹配的则有值，没有匹配的则以null值取代
SELECT * FROM a_test LEFT OUTER JOIN b_test ON a_test.name = b_test.name
有些数据库可以不要OUTER
SELECT * FROM a_test LEFT JOIN b_test ON a_test.name = b_test.name
Left outer join 产生表A的完全集，而B表中匹配的则有值，没有匹配的则以null值取代。
SELECT * FROM a_test LEFT OUTER JOIN b_test ON a_test.name = b_test.name
WHERE b_test.id IS null
产生在A表中有而在B表中没有的集合。
RIGHT [OUTER] JOIN
RIGHT OUTER JOIN 是后面的表为基础，与LEFT OUTER JOIN用法类似。
UNION 与 UNION ALL
UNION 操作符用于合并两个或多个 SELECT 语句的结果集。
请注意，UNION 内部的 SELECT 语句必须拥有相同数量的列。
列也必须拥有相似的数据类型。
同时，每条 SELECT 语句中的列的顺序必须相同。
UNION 只选取记录，而UNION ALL会列出所有记录。
SELECT name FROM a_test UNION SELECT name FROM b_test
选取不同值
SELECT a_test.id,a_test.name FROM a_test
UNION
SELECT b_test.id,b_test.name FROM b_test
由于 id 51 xh 与 id 4 xh 并不相同，不合并
SELECT name FROM a_test UNION ALL SELECT name FROM b_test
全部列出来
还需要注意的是我们还有一个是“交差集” cross join, 这种Join没有办法用文式图表示，因为其就是把表A和表B的数据进行一个N*M的组合，即笛卡尔积。
表达式如下：SELECT * FROM a_test CROSS JOIN b_test
这个笛卡尔乘积会产生 4 x 4 = 16 条记录，一般来说，我们很少用到这个语法。但是我们得小心，如果不是使用嵌套的select语句，一般系统都会产生笛卡尔乘积然再做过滤。这是对于性能来说是非常危险的，尤其是表很大的时候。
找出8000端口对应的PID进程，命令为：
netstat -ano|findstr 8000
进程信息如下：
TCP 0.0.0.0:8000 0.0.0.0:0 LISTENING 1620
UDP 0.0.0.0:8000 *:* 1620
找出进程对应的详细信息：
tasklist |findstr 1620
KGService.exe 1620 Console 1 18,696 K
关进程：
taskkill /pid 1620 /F
查看程序占用内存 比如查看python占用运行内存
tasklist /fi "imagename eq python.exe"
正向生成：
python manage.py makemigrations
python manage.py migrate
反向：
会根据设置的数据库中的表在自动生成对应的Model代码，并打印出来
python manage.py inspectdb
以直接将打印的代码直接导入到指定的Model文件中
python manage.py inspectdb > models.py
C:\Windows\System32\drivers\etc\hosts
# 如果表存在就先删除
drop table if exists student;
# 创建学生表
# id serial not null 表示id自增
# id integer not null 表示id不自增
create table student
(
id serial not null
constraint student_pk
primary key,
name varchar,
class_id integer,
height numeric,
weight numeric,
write_date timestamp
);
comment on table student is '学生表';
comment on column student.name is '名称';
comment on column student.class_id is '班级ID';
comment on column student.height is '身高';
comment on column student.weight is '体重';
comment on column student.write_date is '修改时间';
alter table student
owner to odoo;
# 更新
update user set name='张三' where id=111
# 更新表a的字段为表b的值
update account_invoice
set sale_order_id=so.id
from sale_order so
where account_invoice.origin=so.name
# 新增
insert into "user" (name,sex) values ('小明',1),('小红', 0)
# 新增或更新
如果id冲突就更新
INSERT INTO student(id, name)
VALUES(12, '小明'),(13, '小红')
ON conflict(id) DO UPDATE
SET name ='未知';
如果id冲突就什么也不做
INSERT INTO student(id, name)
VALUES(12, '小明'),(13, '小红')
ON conflict(id) DO NOTHING;
# 把一个表中的数据插入到另一个表中
insert into 目标表名 (column1,column2,columnn) select value1,value2,valuen from 源表名
比如：
insert into student (name, classs_name,create_date) select student_name as name, class_name, now() from class_table;
# 获取当前时间
now()
select now()
# 删除
DELETE FROM table_name [WHERE Clause]
# 增加字段
alter table 表名 add column 列名 类型;
# 删除字段
alter table 表名 dropcolumn 列名 ;
# postgresql数据库查看表所有字段
select * from information_schema.columns where table_schema='public' and table_name='表名';
# postgresql获取所有表名
select tablename from pg_tables where schemaname='public'
# 对查询结果按id降序显示
select * from table_name order by id desc
# 对查询结果按id升序显示
select * from table_name order by id asc
# 转义字符, 查找name中包含单引号的记录
select * from student where name like E'%\'%';
# 查看表记录总数
select relname as TABLE_NAME, reltuples as rowCounts from pg_class where relkind = 'r' and relnamespace = (select oid from pg_namespace where nspname='public') order by rowCounts desc;
# 将结果转换为数组
SELECT array(SELECT "name" FROM sale_order);
# 将数组合并为字符串
select array_to_string(array[1,2,3], ',')
# 联合子集更新，把sale_order_line的name连接换行符，然后按id更新到表a_test中对应的name
update a_test set name=array_to_string(array(select name from sale_order_line where order_id=a_test.id),'<br/>');
# PostgreSQL合并查询同一列的多条记录，针对一对多，多对多字段
比如表：
id name
1 小明
1 小红 id name
1 小亮 --> 1 小明，小亮，小红
2 小强 2 小强，小王
2 小王
SELECT
id, array_to_string(ARRAY(SELECT unnest(array_agg(name order by name desc))),',') AS all_name
FROM
student
GROUP BY id;
# case语句
case var
when condition1 then statement1
when condition2 then statement2
else statementn
end as new_name
比如：
select case name
when '小明' then 'xm'
when '小红' then 'xh'
when '小刚' then 'xg'
else 'xw'
end as short_name
from student
# 临时表、字符串合并、类型转换、时间格式转换、当前时间
WITH TEMP AS (
SELECT CAST ( concat ( bam.account_period_code, '-01' ) AS TIMESTAMP )
AS account_period_time
FROM bi_account_move AS bam )
SELECT
account_period_time,
to_char(CURRENT_DATE,'yyyy-MM-dd hh24:MI:ss') as current_date,
to_char( account_period_time, 'yyyy' ) as year,
to_char( account_period_time, 'MM' ) as month,
to_char( account_period_time, 'dd' ) as day
FROM TEMP
比如：
account_period_time current_date year month day
2019-06-01 0:00:00 2020-06-24 00:00:00 2019 06 01
2019-06-01 0:00:00 2020-06-24 00:00:00 2019 06 01
# 多个字符串拼接
select
concat('payment_', CAST(ap.id as varchar)) as line_key
from ap
# 将查询所得结果集的某一字段拼接成字符串，默认的是逗号
select GROUP_CONCAT(id) from test where id>5;
结果为：
1,2,3,4,5,6,7
# 使用其他分隔符拼接
select GROUP_CONCAT(id separator '-') from test where id>5;
结果为：
1-2-3-4-5-6-7
# 多个临时表
WITH temp_student AS ( SELECT ID, NAME, sex FROM student WHERE sex = TRUE ),
temp_class AS (
SELECT
ID,
NAME,
student_id,
teacher_id
FROM
the_class
),
temp_teacher AS (
SELECT
ID,
NAME,
age
FROM
teacher
)
SELECT
ts.NAME AS student_name,
tc.NAME AS class_name,
te.NAME AS teacher_name
from temp_student as ts
LEFT JOIN temp_class AS tc ON tc.student_id = ts.ID
LEFT JOIN teacher AS te ON te.id = tc.teacher_id
# null转成有意义的值
select COALESCE(name, '') as name from a_test
意思就是如果name为null，就转为空字符串
# 字符串截取
select SUBSTRING('abcd',1,2); -- result:ab 表示从下标从1开始,截取2个字符
# 使用 interval 时间相加减(+/-)
当前时间 + 10秒，
select to_char(now() + interval '10 second', 'yyyy-mm-dd hh24:mi:ss') as reqDate from account_period;
当前时间 - 10秒
select to_char(now() + interval '-10 second', 'yyyy-mm-dd hh24:mi:ss') as reqDate from account_period;
当前时间 + 10分，
select to_char(now() + interval '10 minute', 'yyyy-mm-dd hh24:mi:ss') as reqDate from account_period;
当前时间 + 10时，
select to_char(now() + interval '10 hour', 'yyyy-mm-dd hh24:mi:ss') as reqDate from account_period;
当前时间 + 10天，
select to_char(now() + interval '10 day', 'yyyy-mm-dd hh24:mi:ss') as reqDate from account_period;
当前时间 + 10年，
select to_char(now() + interval '10 year', 'yyyy-mm-dd hh24:mi:ss') as reqDate from account_period;
# UNION types numeric and text cannot be matched
NULL::NUMERIC
这个问题，是因为几个sql组合在一起时，同一个字段的值，遇到null时，需要进行类型转换。
# 对行记录定义行编号，使用函数ROW_NUMBER()
# 按分数进行降序，然后给行记录标记行编号，可以作为排名来使用
select
ROW_NUMBER() OVER (ORDER BY score desc) AS sequence_number,
name,score
from
b_test
# 数字转字符串
select cast(123 as VARCHAR);
# 字符串转数字
select cast('123' as INTEGER);
#格式： 设置颜色开始 ：\033[显示方式;前景色;背景色m
#说明：
前景色 背景色 颜色
---------------------------------------
30 40 黑色
31 41 红色
32 42 绿色
33 43 黃色
34 44 蓝色
35 45 紫红色
36 46 青蓝色
37 47 白色
显示方式 意义
-------------------------
0 终端默认设置
1 高亮显示
4 使用下划线
5 闪烁
7 反白显示
8 不可见
#例子：
\033[1;31;40m <!--1-高亮显示 31-前景色红色 40-背景色黑色-->
\033[0m <!--采用终端默认设置，即取消颜色设置-->
例子
print('紫红字体 \033[1;35m hello world \033[0m!')
print('褐色背景绿色字体 \033[1;32;43m hello world \033[0m!')
print('\033[1;33;44mhello world\033[0m')
print('█')
在models.py定义了多对多字段，想要在编辑时可以灵活使用这个字段的话，可以按以下方法设置： modes.py
class Book(models.Model):
title = models.CharField(verbose_name="书名", max_length=32)
second_title = models.CharField(verbose_name="副标题", max_length=32, blank=True, null=True)
author = models.CharField(verbose_name="作者", max_length=32)
translator = models.CharField(verbose_name="译者", max_length=32, blank=True, null=True)
intro = models.TextField(verbose_name="描述")
pic = models.FileField(verbose_name="封面图片", max_length=64, upload_to='book_cover', null=True, blank=True)
tags = models.ManyToManyField(Tags, verbose_name='书籍标签', blank=True)
prizes = models.ManyToManyField(Prizes, verbose_name='获奖详情', blank=True)
sump = models.IntegerField(verbose_name="收藏人数", default=0)
rate_num = models.IntegerField(verbose_name="评分人数", default=0)
num = models.IntegerField(verbose_name="浏览量", default=0)
published_time = models.DateField(blank=True, null=True, verbose_name='出版时间')
create_time = models.DateTimeField(auto_now_add=True, verbose_name='创建时间')
class Meta:
db_table = 'book'
verbose_name = "图书"
verbose_name_plural = "图书"
def __str__(self):
return self.title
adminx.py
# 书籍管理
class BookAdmin(object):
search_fields = ['title', 'author', 'intro'] # 检索字段
list_display = ['id', 'show_pic', 'title', 'second_title', 'author', 'translator', 'published_time', 'intro',
'tags', 'prizes', 'num', 'sump', 'rate_num'] # 要显示的字段
list_filter = ['published_time', 'tags', 'prizes'] # 分组过滤的字段
ordering = ('id',) # 设置默认排序字段，负号表示降序排序
list_per_page = 30 # 默认每页显示多少条记录，默认是100条
model_icon = 'fa fa-book' # 左侧小图标
list_editable = ['title', 'author', 'intro', 'published_time'] # 可编辑字段
style_fields = {'tags': 'm2m_transfer', 'prizes': 'm2m_transfer'} # 控制字段的显示样式
filter_horizontal = ('tags', 'prizes') # 水平选择编辑多对多字段
重点是设置style_fields 和filter_horizontal ，效果：
由于TextField字段类型内容可能很长，在后台显示时很占屏幕位置，可以通过按钮来控制显示，代码如下： models.py中定义了一个TextField字段类型：
class Prizes(models.Model):
name = models.CharField(max_length=32, verbose_name="奖项")
intro = models.TextField(blank=True, null=True, verbose_name='简介')
class Meta:
db_table = 'prizes'
verbose_name = "奖项"
verbose_name_plural = "奖项"
def __str__(self):
return self.name
这里使用xadmin作为后台管理框架，在adminx.py中代码如下：
import xadmin
from django.utils.safestring import mark_safe
from xadmin import views
from .models import *
# 奖项管理
class PrizesAdmin(object):
search_fields = ['name'] # 检索字段
list_display = ['id', 'name', 'show_intro']
list_filter = ['name']
ordering = ('id',)
def show_intro(self, obj):
# 显示简介
if not obj.intro:
return mark_safe('')
if len(obj.intro) < 20:
return mark_safe(obj.intro)
short_id = f'{obj._meta.db_table}_short_text_{obj.id}'
short_text_len = len(obj.intro) // 4
short_text = obj.intro[:short_text_len] + '......'
detail_id = f'{obj._meta.db_table}_detail_text_{obj.id}'
detail_text = obj.intro
text = """<style type="text/css">
#%s,%s {padding:10px;border:1px solid green;}
</style>
<script type="text/javascript">
function openShutManager(oSourceObj,oTargetObj,shutAble,oOpenTip,oShutTip,oShortObj){
var sourceObj = typeof oSourceObj == "string" ? document.getElementById(oSourceObj) : oSourceObj;
var targetObj = typeof oTargetObj == "string" ? document.getElementById(oTargetObj) : oTargetObj;
var shortObj = typeof oShortObj == "string" ? document.getElementById(oShortObj) : oShortObj;
var openTip = oOpenTip || "";
var shutTip = oShutTip || "";
if(targetObj.style.display!="none"){
if(shutAble) return;
targetObj.style.display="none";
shortObj.style.display="block";
if(openTip && shutTip){
sourceObj.innerHTML = shutTip;
}
} else {
targetObj.style.display="block";
shortObj.style.display="none";
if(openTip && shutTip){
sourceObj.innerHTML = openTip;
}
}
}
</script>
<p id="%s">%s</p>
<p><a href="###" οnclick="openShutManager(this,'%s',false,'点击关闭','点击展开','%s')">点击展开</a></p>
<p id="%s" style="display:none">
%s
</p>
""" % (short_id, detail_id, short_id, short_text, detail_id, short_id, detail_id, detail_text)
return mark_safe(text)
show_intro.short_description = '描述'
注意：复制代码后需要做如下修改：
一开始效果
点击展开效果：
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en-us">
<body class="login">
<input class="form-control input-lg" id="id_icon" name="icon" type="file" onchange="imgTypeSize('id_icon',300)"
<script type="text/javascript">
//判断是否为图片，若为图片，判断其大小是否大于0.3M
function imgTypeSize(FileId, maxsize) {
/*获取图片内容对象*/
var imgFile = document.getElementById(FileId).files[0];
if (imgFile.name == "") {
alert("请上传头像哦");
return false;
} else {
/*图片类型正则验证*/
var imgStr = /\.(jpg|jpeg|png|bmp|BMP|JPG|PNG|JPEG)$/;
if (!imgStr.test(imgFile.name)) {
alert("文件不是图片类型");
return false;
} else {
/*图片大小*/
var imagSize = imgFile.size;
if (imagSize < (1024 * maxsize)) {
return true;
} else {
alert(imgFile.name + "大小不能超过" + maxsize + "kB");
document.getElementById(FileId).value = ""
return false;
}
}
}
}
</script>
</body>
</html>
<form action="" method="post" id="login-form" onsubmit="return toVaild()">
<input class="form-control" id="id_account" name="account" type="text" placeholder="账号"/>
<input class="form-control" id="id_password" name="password" type="password" placeholder="密码">
<form>
<script type="text/javascript">
document.getElementById('id_username').focus()
function toVaild() {
var account = document.getElementById("id_account").value;
var password = document.getElementById("id_password").value;
if (account == "" || password == "") {
alert("请输入账号和密码");
return false;
} else {
return true;
}
}
</script>
import collections
d1 = collections.OrderedDict() # 创建一个有序字典
d1['a'] = 'A'
d1['b'] = 'B'
d1['c'] = 'C'
d1['d'] = 'D'
for k, v in d1.items():
print(k, v)
导入包：
pip install pypiwin32
import win32com.client
spk = win32com.client.Dispatch("SAPI.SpVoice")
spk.Speak(u"my name is ldc,what is your name")
spk.Speak(u"大家好")
# pip install pypiwin32 -i https://pypi.python.org/simple
import win32com.client
import time
import winsound
spk = win32com.client.Dispatch("SAPI.SpVoice")
# 定义闹钟时间
clocktime = [[19, 19], [11, 10], [12, 10], [18, 47]]
runinghour = 1 # 定义运行时间
times = runinghour * 3600 # 次数
print(times)
for i in range(1, times):
time_now = [time.localtime(time.time()).tm_hour, time.localtime(time.time()).tm_min]
if time_now in clocktime:
print(time_now)
winsound.Beep(1000, 1000)
spk.Speak(u"快去看下饭好了没有？")
time.sleep(60) # 每分钟对比一次时间
def get_month_days(year, month):
"""
根据年份，月份信息显示此月份天数
:param year: 年份：
:param month: 月份（1～12）：
:return: 当月天数
"""
if month >12 or month <= 0:
return -1
if month == 2:
return 29 if year % 4 == 0 and year % 100 != 0 or year % 400 == 0 else 28
if month in (4, 6, 9, 11):
return 30
else:
return 31
a = '2020-04'.split('-')
year = int(a[0])
month = int(a[1])
print(get_month_days(year,month))
输出：
30
制作一个ico文件，使用PS或者某些在线生成ico的网站
将此文件命名为“favicon.ico”后放在static/下
在urls.py中定义路由：
from django.urls import path
from django.views.generic import RedirectView
urlpatterns = [
# 访问favicon.ico 网站图标
path("favicon.ico",RedirectView.as_view(url='static/favicon.ico')),
]
settings.py
STATIC_URL = '/static/'
# 添加静态资源路由地址
STATICFILES_DIRS = [
os.path.join(BASE_DIR, 'static'),
]
# 使用python manage.py collectstatic收集静态文件时时使用STATIC_ROOT
# STATIC_ROOT = os.path.join(BASE_DIR, 'static')
urls.py
from django.urls import path, re_path
from django.views.generic import RedirectView
from django.views.static import serve
from '你的项目名称' import settings
urlpatterns = [
path("favicon.ico",RedirectView.as_view(url='static/favicon.ico')),
re_path('static/(?P<path>.*)$', serve, {'document_root': settings.STATICFILES_DIRS[0]}),
]
原因 这个unicode编码，是python3默认返回的编码。
解决方案 JsonResponse里面有个参数json_dumps_params，设置为json_dumps_params={‘ensure_ascii’:False}即可。
data = {'msg': '创建成功',}
return JsonResponse(data=data, json_dumps_params={'ensure_ascii': False})
import calendar
def get_month_start_and_end(date=datetime.datetime.now()):
"""
获取当前时间的月份首日与最后一天
:param date:
:return: (首日，最后一天)
"""
year, month = str(date).split('-')[0], str(date).split('-')[1]
end = calendar.monthrange(int(year), int(month))[1]
return f'{year}-{month}-01', f'{year}-{month}-{end}'
adminx.py
import xadmin
from django.db.models import Sum
from xadmin.plugins.actions import BaseActionView
class MyCountFeeAction(BaseActionView):
"""
用户余额统计
"""
action_name = "countuserfee" #: 相当于这个 Action 的唯一标示, 尽量用比较针对性的名字
description = u'统计用户总余额' #: 描述, 出现在 Action 菜单中, 可以使用 ``%(verbose_name_plural)s`` 代替 Model 的名字.
model_perm = 'view' # 权限
def do_action(self, queryset):
all_balance = MallUser.objects.all().aggregate(Sum('balance'))
return HttpResponse(f'用户总余额{all_balance}')
class UserAdmin(object):
"""用户信息管理"""
list_display = ['username', 'balance', 'status', 'addtime']
search_fields = ['username', ]
list_filter = ['status', 'addtime']
list_per_page = 30 # 默认每页数量
model_icon = 'fa fa-user'
list_editable = ['status']
ordering = ['-addtime']
actions = [ MyCountFeeAction] # 添加批量选择操作
首先，修改xadmin源码，修改xadmin/filters.py,在401行，做如下修改，
把self.lookup_choices = field.get_choices(include_blank=False)
改为：
# 调用自定义的方法
if hasattr(model_admin, '{field}_choices'.format(field=field.name)):
self.lookup_choices = getattr(model_admin, '{field}_choices'.format(field=field.name))(field, request,params, model,model_admin,field_path)
else:
self.lookup_choices = field.get_choices(include_blank=False)
如图:
然后，在adminx.py中定义过滤的方法：
import xadmin
from django.db.models import Q, Sum
from xadmin.plugins.actions import BaseActionView
class MeasurePointAdmin(object):
# search_fields = ['user__name', 'user__account'] # 检索字段
list_display = ['num', 'elevation', 'correct_num', 'cumulative_amount']
list_filter = ['user', 'is_default', 'create_time'] # 分组过滤的字段
list_editable = ['num', 'elevation', 'correct_num', 'cumulative_amount']
ordering = ('id',) # 设置默认排序字段，负号表示降序排序
list_per_page = 30 # 默认每页显示多少条记录，默认是100条
model_icon = 'fa fa-users' # 左侧小图标
readonly_fields = ['user', 'is_default']
import_excel = True
actions = [MyCountFeeAction]
# 定义的函数名必须是 字段名_choices
def user_choices(self, field, request, params, model, model_admin, field_path):
# 超级用户不做控制
if self.request.user.is_superuser:
return field.get_choices(include_blank=False)
# 过滤器只显示自己与超级管理员
user_lst = field.related_model._default_manager.filter(Q(id=self.request.user.id) | Q(is_superuser=True))
# 返回格式 [('pk','标题'),]
return [(user.id, user.username) for user in user_lst]
效果:
为了避免没有csrf token而产生的403的forbidden错误，可以使用csrf_exempt装饰器来处理POST、GET请求的View, 这种方式是CSRF局部禁用。
from django.utils.decorators import method_decorator
from django.views.decorators.csrf import csrf_exempt
@method_decorator(csrf_exempt)
def update_data(request):
if request.method == 'POST':
pass
elif request.method == 'GET':
pass
创建django项目 方式一：直接打开pycharm创建，选择file->new project->django 方式二：通过命令创建 先创建虚拟环境：python -m venv django_venv 然后导入django库：pip install django -i https://pypi.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/simple 最后使用命令创建：django-admin startproject my_django_project
import pandas as pd
from functools import reduce
# 二维数组，对列和行求和
a = [
['', 0, '', 1, 4.1],
['', 0, '', '', 4],
['123', 0, '', 3, 4, 6,7],
]
def aa(x, y):
x = 0 if isinstance(x, str) else x
y = 0 if isinstance(y, str) else y
return x + y
# 对行求和
row_sum = [reduce(aa, i) for i in a]
# 对列求和，只能处理相同长度的子元素
column_sum_1 = [reduce(aa, i) for i in zip(*a)]
# 对列求和，可以处理不同长度的子元素
column_sum_2 = list(dict(pd.DataFrame(a).fillna(0).apply(lambda x: '' if any(isinstance(d, str) for d in x) else round(x.sum(), 2))).values())
print('行求和：{}\r\n列求和(相同长度)：{}\r\n列求和：{}'.format(row_sum, column_sum_1, column_sum_2))
输出：
行求和：[5.1, 4, 20]
列求和(相同长度)：[0, 0, 0, 4, 12.1]
列求和：['', 0, '', '', 12.1, 6.0, 7.0]
from datetime import datetime
def get_months(start_month_str, end_month_str):
'''
# 获取时间字符串中的月份数
:param start_month_str: 开始字符串
:param end_month_str: 结束字符串
:return: 月份数
'''
end_month_date = datetime.strptime(end_month_str, '%Y-%m')
start_month_date = datetime.strptime(start_month_str, '%Y-%m')
end_year, end_month = end_month_date.year, end_month_date.month
start_year, start_month = start_month_date.year, start_month_date.month
return (end_year - start_year) *12 + (end_month - start_month) + 1
end_month_str = '2021-02'
start_month_str = '2020-07'
print(get_months(start_month_str, end_month_str))
输出：
8
print('hello world'.zfill(15)) # 补0
print('hello world'.rjust(15)) # 右对齐，补空格
print('hello world'.ljust(15)) # 左对齐，补空格
输出：
0000hello world
hello world
hello world
import time
t1 = time.time()
print(t1)
print(time.strftime("%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S", time.localtime(t1)))
输出：
1621741567.082192
2021-05-23 11:46:07使用函数：
# !/usr/bin/python
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
"""
@contact: 微信 1257309054
@file: 时间戳转日期.py
@time: 2022/6/27 17:16
@author: LDC
"""
import time
import datetime
# 正确10位长度的时间戳可精确到秒，11-14位长度则是包含了毫秒
def int_to_datetime(intValue):
if len(str(intValue)) == 10:
# 精确到秒
timeValue = time.localtime(intValue)
tempDate = time.strftime("%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S", timeValue)
datetimeValue = datetime.datetime.strptime(tempDate, "%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S")
elif 10 < len(str(intValue)) and len(str(intValue)) < 15:
# 精确到毫秒
k = len(str(intValue)) - 10
timetamp = datetime.datetime.fromtimestamp(intValue / (1 * 10 ** k))
datetimeValue = timetamp.strftime("%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S.%f")
else:
return -1
return datetimeValue
time1 = 1656321420
time2 = 1656321086560
print(int_to_datetime(time1))
print(int_to_datetime(time2))
'''
输出：
2022-06-27 17:17:00
2022-06-27 17:11:26.560000
'''
a = [1,2,3]
print(','.join(map(str,a)))
输出：
`1,2,3`pip install 库名 -i https://pypi.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/simple
清华：-i https://pypi.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/simple
阿里云：-i http://mirrors.aliyun.com/pypi/simple/
中国科技大学 -i https://pypi.mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/simple/
华中理工大学：-i http://pypi.hustunique.com/
山东理工大学：-i http://pypi.sdutlinux.org/
豆瓣：-i http://pypi.douban.com/simple/
import datetime
import time
def date_interval(date_str):
'''
获取时间间隔
1分钟前，2分钟前，10分钟前，1小时前，2小时前，1天前，2天前，3天前，1个月前，3个月前，1年前，3年前
:param date_str: 时间字符串
:return: 字符串
'''
date_str = time.strptime(date_str, '%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S')
# 将时间元组转换为时间戳
t = time.mktime(date_str)
# 当前时间
seconds = time.time() - t
years = int(seconds // (60 * 60 * 24 * 365))
if years:
return '{}年前'.format(years)
months = int(seconds // (60 * 60 * 24 * 30))
if months:
return '{}月前'.format(months)
days = int(seconds // (60 * 60 * 24))
if days:
return '{}天前'.format(days)
hours = int(seconds // (60 * 60))
if hours:
return '{}小时前'.format(hours)
minutes = int(seconds // (60))
if minutes:
return '{}分钟前'.format(minutes)
return '刚刚'
if __name__ == '__main__':
date1 = '2019-07-10 15:27:51'
date2 = '2021-07-10 15:27:51'
date3 = '2021-08-10 15:27:51'
date4 = '2021-08-12 11:01:51'
date5 = datetime.datetime.now() + datetime.timedelta(seconds=-3)
date5 = date5.strftime('%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S')
print(date_interval(date1))
print(date_interval(date2))
print(date_interval(date3))
print(date_interval(date4))
print(date_interval(date5))
通过raw函数执行
alarm_datas = gsm.AlertMessage.objects.raw('''
select am_all.id, am_all.sensor_number
FROM alert_message as am_all
where
am_all.real='1'
and am_all.is_show=1
order by am_all.alarm_level desc
''')
for ad in alarm_datas:
print(ad.sensor_number)
通过方法__getattribute__来获取
alert_messages = AlertMessage.objects.filter(real=0)
am_fields = ['id', 'real', 'name']
for am in alert_messages:
for i in range(len(am_fields)):
print(am_fields[i], am.__getattribute__(am_fields[i]))
通过**{变量名:值}来操作
field = 'device_code'
# 查询
device_infos = gsm.DeviceInfo.objects.filter(**{field: '012'})
# 更新
gsm.DeviceInfo.objects.filter(device_code='012').update(**{field : '0'})
安装npm，到官网下载 在vue项目下打开cmd，输入命令
npm run build
如果报错，npm ERR! missing script: build， 则使用以下命令
npm run build:prod
具体看package.json
import psutil
# pip install psutil
# 获取本机磁盘使用率和剩余空间G信息
def get_disk_info():
# 循环磁盘分区
content = ""
for disk in psutil.disk_partitions():
# 读写方式 光盘 or 有效磁盘类型
if 'cdrom' in disk.opts or disk.fstype == '':
continue
disk_name_arr = disk.device.split(':')
disk_name = disk_name_arr[0]
disk_info = psutil.disk_usage(disk.device)
# 磁盘剩余空间，单位G
free_disk_size = disk_info.free//1024//1024//1024
# 当前磁盘使用率和剩余空间G信息
info = "{}盘使用率：{}%%， 剩余空间：{}G ".format(disk_name, str(disk_info.percent), free_disk_size)
# 拼接多个磁盘的信息
content = content + info
print(content)
# cpu信息
def get_cpu_info():
cpu_percent = psutil.cpu_percent(interval=1)
cpu_info = "CPU使用率：%i%%" % cpu_percent
print(cpu_info)
# 内存信息
def get_memory_info():
virtual_memory = psutil.virtual_memory()
used_memory = virtual_memory.used/1024/1024/1024
free_memory = virtual_memory.free/1024/1024/1024
memory_percent = virtual_memory.percent
memory_info = "内存使用：%0.2fG，使用率%0.1f%%，剩余内存：%0.2fG" % (used_memory, memory_percent, free_memory)
print(memory_info)
if __name__ == '__main__':
get_disk_info()
get_cpu_info()
get_memory_info()
'''
使用max函数比较字典列表对象
需求：找出用户组最大id的字典
'''
def com_id(f):
'''
比较用用户ids列表
:param f: 字典
:return: 返回最大的用户id
'''
return max(f['user_ids'])
friends_added = [
{'user_ids': [1, 2], 'create_at': '2020-01-01'},
{'user_ids': [3, 6], 'create_at': '2020-01-02'},
{'user_ids': [2, 1], 'create_at': '2020-02-02'},
{'user_ids': [4, 1], 'create_at': '2020-02-02'},
]
# max函数中使用key参数，指定自定义函数来比较
item = max(friends_added, key=com_id)
item_1 = max(friends_added, key=lambda f: max(f['user_ids'])) # com_id可以转成lambda函数
print(item)
print(item_1)
输出：
{'user_ids': [3, 6], 'create_at': '2020-01-02'}
{'user_ids': [3, 6], 'create_at': '2020-01-02'}
ExampleModel.objects.values('id', 'username')
# 返回的结果是QuerySet， 里面的元素是dict格式
# [{'id':1, 'username': 'Austin'}, {'id':2, 'username':'Sam'}, ...]
# 相当于SQL中的SELECT id, username FROM ......,
# 只返回对应属性（字段）的值
set @i = 0;
select waveform, '沿桥风吹' as label ,(@i:=@i+1) xh from alert_message where is_real=1 and node_id=138
select id,
addtime,
date_format(addtime,'%Y-%m-%d') as short_time
from alert_message
where date_format(addtime,'%Y-%m-%d') = '2022-03-13'
list1=['a','b','c','d','e']
print('奇数下标值',list1[1::2])
输出：
奇数下标值 ['b', 'd']list1=['a','b','c','d','e']
print('偶数下标值',list1[::2])
偶数下标值 ['a', 'c', 'e']import itertools
data = [1, 2, 2, 2, 2, 3, 3, 3, 4, 4, 4, 4, 1, 'a', 'a']
a =[list(group) for key, group in itertools.groupby(data)]
print(a)
输出：
[[1], [2, 2, 2, 2], [3, 3, 3], [4, 4, 4, 4], [1], ['a', 'a']]1）从user用户切换到root用户 sudo su 2）从root用户切回user用户 su user (user是你自己安装时候的用户名)，或是直接输入exit，也可Ctrl+D组合键推出
import numpy as np
a = [
[1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6],
[7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12],
[13.2, 14.8, 15.9, 16.10, 16.11, 17.12],
]
a_np = np.array(a) # 把二维列表转成numpy数组
print('第一行', a_np[0].tolist()) # 获取第一行
print('第一列', a_np[:, 0].tolist()) # 获取第一列
输出：
第一行 [1.0, 2.0, 3.0, 4.0, 5.0, 6.0]
第一列 [1.0, 7.0, 13.2]
a = '公众号：碎念'
b = '土堆'
str_list = list(a)
str_list.insert(4, b)
a_b = ''.join(str_list)
def renamer():
import random, string
number_of_strings = 1
length_of_string = 10
for x in range(number_of_strings):
return ''.join(
random.choice(string.ascii_letters + string.digits)
for _ in range(length_of_string)
)
def delete_duplicate_str(data):
immutable_dict = set([str(item) for item in data])
data = [eval(i) for i in immutable_dict]
return data
data = sorted(delete_duplicate_str(f), key=lambda r: r[关键字], reverse=True)
##129.文件大小输出格式化
def get_size_format(b, factor=1024, suffix="B"):
"""
Scale bytes to its proper byte format
e.g:
1253656 => '1.20MB'
1253656678 => '1.17GB'
"""
for unit in ["", "K", "M", "G", "T", "P", "E", "Z"]:
if b < factor:
return f"{b:.2f}{unit}{suffix}"
b /= factor
return f"{b:.2f}Y{suffix}"
##129.图片压缩
#from https://www.thepythoncode.com/article/compress-images-in-python
def compress_img(
image_name, new_size_ratio=0.9, quality=90, width=None, height=None, to_jpg=True
):
# load the image to memory
img = Image.open(image_name)
# print the original image shape
print("[*] Image shape:", img.size)
# get the original image size in bytes
image_size = os.path.getsize(image_name)
# print the size before compression/resizing
print("[*] Size before compression:", get_size_format(image_size))
if new_size_ratio < 1.0:
# if resizing ratio is below 1.0, then multiply width & height with this ratio to reduce image size
img = img.resize(
(int(img.size[0] * new_size_ratio), int(img.size[1] * new_size_ratio)),
Image.ANTIALIAS,
)
# print new image shape
print("[+] New Image shape:", img.size)
elif width and height:
# if width and height are set, resize with them instead
img = img.resize((width, height), Image.ANTIALIAS)
# print new image shape
print("[+] New Image shape:", img.size)
# split the filename and extension
filename, ext = os.path.splitext(image_name)
# make new filename appending _compressed to the original file name
if to_jpg:
# change the extension to JPEG
CompressedImage = f"{filename}_compressed.jpg"
else:
# retain the same extension of the original image
CompressedImage = f"{filename}_compressed{ext}"
try:
# save the image with the corresponding quality and optimize set to True
img.save(CompressedImage, quality=quality, optimize=True)
except OSError:
# convert the image to RGB mode first
img = img.convert("RGB")
# save the image with the corresponding quality and optimize set to True
img.save(CompressedImage, quality=quality, optimize=True)
print("[+] New file saved:", CompressedImage)
# get the new image size in bytes
new_image_size = os.path.getsize(CompressedImage)
# print the new size in a good format
print("[+] Size after compression:", get_size_format(new_image_size))
# calculate the saving bytes
saving_diff = new_image_size - image_size
# print the saving percentage
print(
f"[+] Image size change: {saving_diff/image_size*100:.2f}% of the original image size."
)
return CompressedImage