diff --git a/packages/protocol/contracts/verifiers/AttestationVerifier.sol b/packages/protocol/contracts/verifiers/AttestationVerifier.sol
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..d725faa27d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/protocol/contracts/verifiers/AttestationVerifier.sol
@@ -0,0 +1,32 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: UNLICENSED
+pragma solidity 0.8.24;
+
+import { IAttestation } from "./IAttestation.sol";
+
+contract AttestationVerifier {
+    IAttestation public attestationVerifier;
+
+    constructor(address _attestationVerifierAddr) {
+        attestationVerifier = IAttestation(_attestationVerifierAddr);
+    }
+
+    error INVALID_REPORT();
+    error INVALID_REPORT_DATA();
+    error REPORT_DATA_MISMATCH();
+
+    function verifyAttestation(bytes calldata _report, bytes32 _userData) public {
+        if (address(attestationVerifier) == address(0)) return;
+
+        (bool succ, bytes memory output) = attestationVerifier.verifyAndAttestOnChain(_report);
+        if (!succ) revert INVALID_REPORT();
+
+        if (output.length < 32) revert INVALID_REPORT_DATA();
+
+        bytes32 quoteBodyLast32;
+        assembly {
+            quoteBodyLast32 := mload(add(add(output, 0x20), sub(mload(output), 32)))
+        }
+
+        if (quoteBodyLast32 != _userData) revert REPORT_DATA_MISMATCH();
+    }
+}
diff --git a/packages/protocol/contracts/verifiers/IAttestation.sol b/packages/protocol/contracts/verifiers/IAttestation.sol
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..820d4e2768
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/protocol/contracts/verifiers/IAttestation.sol
@@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
+//SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
+pragma solidity 0.8.24;
+
+/**
+ * @title Interface standard that implement attestation contracts whose verification logic can be
+ * implemented
+ * both on-chain and with Risc0 ZK proofs
+ * @notice The interface simply provides two verification methods for a given attestation input.
+ * The user can either pay a possibly hefty gas cost to fully verify an attestation fully on-chain
+ * OR
+ * Provides ZK proofs from executing an off-chain program where the verification of such attestation
+ * is conducted.
+ * @dev should also implement Risc0 Guest Program to use this interface.
+ * See https://dev.risczero.com/api/blockchain-integration/bonsai-on-eth to learn more
+ */
+interface IAttestation {
+    /**
+     * @notice full on-chain verification for an attestation
+     * @dev must further specify the structure of inputs/outputs, to be serialized and passed to
+     * this method
+     * @param input - serialized raw input as defined by the project
+     * @return success - whether the quote has been successfully verified or not
+     * @return output - the output upon completion of verification. The output data may require
+     * post-processing by the consumer.
+     * For verification failures, the output is simply a UTF-8 encoded string, describing the reason
+     * for failure.
+     * @dev can directly type cast the failed output as a string
+     */
+    function verifyAndAttestOnChain(bytes calldata input)
+        external
+        returns (bool success, bytes memory output);
+
+    /**
+     * @param journal - The output of the Guest program, this includes:
+     * - VerifiedOutput struct
+     * - TcbInfo hash
+     * - QEID hash
+     * - RootCA hash
+     * - TCB Signing CA hash
+     * - Root CRL hash
+     * - Platform CRL hash
+     * - Processor CRL hash
+     * @param seal - The encoded cryptographic proof (i.e. SNARK).
+     */
+    function verifyAndAttestWithZKProof(
+        bytes calldata journal,
+        bytes calldata seal
+    )
+        external
+        returns (bool success, bytes memory output);
+}
diff --git a/packages/protocol/contracts/verifiers/ProverRegistry.sol b/packages/protocol/contracts/verifiers/ProverRegistry.sol
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..5bb0aeda7e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/protocol/contracts/verifiers/ProverRegistry.sol
@@ -0,0 +1,188 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: UNLICENSED
+pragma solidity 0.8.24;
+
+import "@openzeppelin/contracts/utils/cryptography/ECDSA.sol";
+import "../automata-attestation/lib/QuoteV3Auth/V3Struct.sol";
+import "../common/EssentialContract.sol";
+import "../common/LibStrings.sol";
+import "../L1/ITaikoL1.sol";
+import "./libs/LibPublicInput.sol";
+import "./AttestationVerifier.sol";
+import "./IVerifier.sol";
+
+contract ProverRegistry is EssentialContract, IVerifier {
+    struct ProverInstance {
+        address addr;
+        uint256 validUntil;
+        uint256 teeType; // 1: IntelTDX
+    }
+
+    struct ReportData {
+        address addr;
+        uint256 teeType;
+        uint256 referenceBlockNumber;
+        bytes32 referenceBlockHash;
+        bytes32 binHash;
+    }
+
+    error INVALID_BLOCK_NUMBER();
+    error BLOCK_NUMBER_OUT_OF_DATE();
+    error BLOCK_NUMBER_MISMATCH();
+    error REPORT_USED();
+    error PROVER_TYPE_MISMATCH();
+    error PROVER_INVALID_INSTANCE_ID(uint256);
+    error PROVER_INVALID_ADDR(address);
+    error PROVER_ADDR_MISMATCH(address, address);
+    error PROVER_OUT_OF_DATE(uint256);
+
+    event InstanceAdded(
+        uint256 indexed id, address indexed instance, address replaced, uint256 validUntil
+    );
+
+    AttestationVerifier public verifier;
+    uint256 public attestValiditySeconds;
+    uint256 public maxBlockNumberDiff;
+    uint256 public chainID;
+    uint256 public nextInstanceId = 0;
+
+    mapping(bytes32 reportHash => bool used) public attestedReports;
+    mapping(uint256 proverInstanceID => ProverInstance instance) public attestedProvers;
+
+    uint256[43] private __gap;
+
+    constructor() {
+        _disableInitializers();
+    }
+
+    function initialize(
+        address _initialOwner,
+        address _verifierAddr,
+        address _rollupAddressManager,
+        uint256 _chainID,
+        uint256 _attestValiditySeconds,
+        uint256 _maxBlockNumberDiff
+    )
+        public
+        initializer
+    {
+        verifier = AttestationVerifier(_verifierAddr);
+        chainID = _chainID;
+        attestValiditySeconds = _attestValiditySeconds;
+        maxBlockNumberDiff = _maxBlockNumberDiff;
+        __Essential_init(_initialOwner, _rollupAddressManager);
+    }
+
+    function reinitialize(
+        uint8 i,
+        address _initialOwner,
+        address _verifierAddr,
+        uint256 _chainID,
+        uint256 _attestValiditySeconds,
+        uint256 _maxBlockNumberDiff
+    )
+        public
+        reinitializer(i)
+    {
+        verifier = AttestationVerifier(_verifierAddr);
+        chainID = _chainID;
+        attestValiditySeconds = _attestValiditySeconds;
+        maxBlockNumberDiff = _maxBlockNumberDiff;
+        _transferOwnership(_initialOwner);
+    }
+
+    /// @notice register prover instance with quote
+    function register(bytes calldata _report, ReportData calldata _data) external {
+        _checkBlockNumber(_data.referenceBlockNumber, _data.referenceBlockHash);
+        bytes32 dataHash = keccak256(abi.encode(_data));
+
+        verifier.verifyAttestation(_report, dataHash);
+
+        bytes32 reportHash = keccak256(_report);
+        if (attestedReports[reportHash]) revert REPORT_USED();
+        attestedReports[reportHash] = true;
+
+        uint256 instanceID = nextInstanceId + 1;
+        nextInstanceId += 1;
+
+        uint256 validUnitl = block.timestamp + attestValiditySeconds;
+        attestedProvers[instanceID] = ProverInstance(_data.addr, validUnitl, _data.teeType);
+
+        emit InstanceAdded(instanceID, _data.addr, address(0), validUnitl);
+    }
+
+    function checkProver(
+        uint256 _instanceID,
+        address _proverAddr
+    )
+        public
+        view
+        returns (ProverInstance memory)
+    {
+        ProverInstance memory prover;
+        if (_instanceID == 0) revert PROVER_INVALID_INSTANCE_ID(_instanceID);
+        if (_proverAddr == address(0)) revert PROVER_INVALID_ADDR(_proverAddr);
+        prover = attestedProvers[_instanceID];
+        if (prover.addr != _proverAddr) revert PROVER_ADDR_MISMATCH(prover.addr, _proverAddr);
+        if (prover.validUntil < block.timestamp) revert PROVER_OUT_OF_DATE(prover.validUntil);
+        return prover;
+    }
+
+    // Due to the inherent unpredictability of blockHash, it mitigates the risk of mass-generation
+    //   of attestation reports in a short time frame, preventing their delayed and gradual
+    // exploitation.
+    // This function will make sure the attestation report generated in recent ${maxBlockNumberDiff}
+    // blocks
+    function _checkBlockNumber(uint256 blockNumber, bytes32 blockHash) private view {
+        if (blockNumber >= block.number) revert INVALID_BLOCK_NUMBER();
+        if (block.number - blockNumber >= maxBlockNumberDiff) {
+            revert BLOCK_NUMBER_OUT_OF_DATE();
+        }
+        if (blockhash(blockNumber) != blockHash) revert BLOCK_NUMBER_MISMATCH();
+    }
+
+    function verifyProof(
+        Context calldata _ctx,
+        TaikoData.Transition calldata _tran,
+        TaikoData.TierProof calldata _proof
+    )
+        external
+    {
+        // Do not run proof verification to contest an existing proof
+        if (_ctx.isContesting) return;
+
+        // Size is: 89 bytes
+        // 4 bytes + 20 bytes + 65 bytes (signature) = 89
+        // TODO: do we need this check?
+        // if (_proof.data.length != 89) revert SGX_INVALID_PROOF();
+
+        uint32 id = uint32(bytes4(_proof.data[:4]));
+        address newInstance = address(bytes20(_proof.data[4:24]));
+
+        address oldInstance = ECDSA.recover(
+            LibPublicInput.hashPublicInputs(
+                _tran, address(this), newInstance, _ctx.prover, _ctx.metaHash, taikoChainId()
+            ),
+            _proof.data[24:]
+        );
+
+        ProverInstance memory prover = checkProver(id, oldInstance);
+        if (_proof.tier != prover.teeType) revert PROVER_TYPE_MISMATCH();
+        if (oldInstance != newInstance) {
+            attestedProvers[id].addr = newInstance;
+            emit InstanceAdded(id, oldInstance, newInstance, prover.validUntil);
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// @inheritdoc IVerifier
+    function verifyBatchProof(
+        ContextV2[] calldata, /*_ctxs*/
+        TaikoData.TierProof calldata /*_proof*/
+    )
+        external
+        view
+    { }
+
+    function taikoChainId() internal view virtual returns (uint64) {
+        return ITaikoL1(resolve(LibStrings.B_TAIKO, false)).getConfig().chainId;
+    }
+}