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<title>ggplot2: introdução à gramática de gráficos</title>
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<section id="title-slide" data-background-color="#562457" class="quarto-title-block center"><h1 class="title">ggplot2: introdução à gramática de gráficos</h1>
<div class="quarto-title-authors">
<div class="quarto-title-author">
<div class="quarto-title-author-name">
R-Ladies São Paulo <br> aMostra IME/USP
</div>
</div>
</div>
<p class="date">01/Oct/2024</p>
</section><section id="hoje" class="slide level2"><h2>Hoje</h2>
<p><strong>Introdução do pacote <code>ggplot2</code></strong></p>
<ul>
<li><p>Instalação do pacote <code>ggplot2</code></p></li>
<li><p>Lógica e estrutura básica de montagem de um gráfico no <code>ggplot</code></p></li>
<li><p>Camadas de um gráfico</p></li>
</ul>
<img data-src="img/horst/ggplot2_exploracao_pt.png" class="quarto-figure quarto-figure-center r-stretch" style="width:35.0%"><p class="caption">Arte por <a href="https://github.com/allisonhorst/stats-illustrations">Allison Horst</a></p></section><section id="pré-requisitos" class="slide level2"><h2>Pré-requisitos</h2>
<h3 id="r-e-rstudio-instalados-no-seu-notebook">
<code>R</code> e <code>RStudio</code> instalados no seu notebook</h3>
<img data-src="img/rlogos/rstudio-r.jpg" class="quarto-figure quarto-figure-center r-stretch" style="width:40.0%"><ul>
<li>Instale o R <a href="https://cran.r-project.org/">fazendo o download aqui</a> e o RStudio <a href="https://rstudio.com/products/rstudio/download/#download">aqui</a>.</li>
</ul></section><section id="rstudio" class="slide level2"><h2>RStudio</h2>
<p>RStudio é a <strong>IDE</strong> (integrated development environment) da Linguagem R, ou seja, o ambiente que utilizamos para editar e executar os códigos em R. Tem quatro áreas, conforme a figura abaixo:</p>
<img data-src="img/intro-rstudio/RStudio_screen.png" class="quarto-figure quarto-figure-center r-stretch" style="width:80.0%"><p class="caption">Fonte: <a href="https://github.com/MaryMS/2018-11-R-Course-FatecZS">Curso Introdução ao R - Fatec</a></p></section><section><section id="vamos-começar" class="title-slide slide level1 center"><h1>Vamos começar?</h1>
<!-- - instalar o ggplot2 (e tidyverse) -->
<!-- - explicar como o ggplot2 funciona -->
<!-- - exemplos ggplot2 -->
</section><section id="o-que-é-o-ggplot2" class="slide level2"><h2>O que é o ggplot2?</h2>
<p>Pacote para visualização de dados, criado por <a href="https://github.com/hadley">Hadley Wickham</a> e mantido pela <a href="https://posit.co/">Posit</a>.</p>
<h3 id="por-que-usar-o-ggplot2-para-montar-minhas-visualizações">Por que usar o ggplot2 para montar minhas visualizações?</h3>
<ul>
<li><p>Versátil e Esteticamente rico.</p></li>
<li><p>Implementação dos conceitos de <em>Grammar of Graphics</em>.</p></li>
</ul>
<img data-src="img/horst/ggplot2_obra_prima_pt.png" class="quarto-figure quarto-figure-center r-stretch" style="width:35.0%"><p class="caption">Arte por <a href="https://github.com/allisonhorst/stats-illustrations">Allison Horst</a></p></section><section id="grammar-of-graphics" class="slide level2"><h2>Grammar of Graphics</h2>
<ul>
<li><p>A origem do nome <strong>GG</strong>plot</p></li>
<li><p>Estrutura que segue uma abordagem em camadas para descrever e construir visualizações ou gráficos de maneira estruturada.</p></li>
<li><p>Uma visualização geralmente tem vários componentes ou aspectos, e alavancar essa gramática de gráficos em camadas nos ajuda a descrever e entender cada componente envolvido na visualização - em termos de dados, estética, escala, objetos e assim por diante.</p></li>
</ul>
<img data-src="img/rlogos/hex-ggplot2.png" class="quarto-figure quarto-figure-center r-stretch" style="width:20.0%"></section><section id="sintaxe-básica-do-ggplot" class="slide level2"><h2>Sintaxe básica do ggplot</h2>
<ul>
<li><p>Um gráfico feito com ggplot2 é uma soma de <strong>camadas</strong>.</p></li>
<li><p>Não precisa utilizar todos os componentes seguintes em seu gráfico, mas é interessante saber que existem.</p></li>
</ul>
<img data-src="img/camadas.png" class="quarto-figure quarto-figure-center r-stretch" style="width:45.0%"></section><section id="sintaxe-básica-do-ggplot-1" class="slide level2"><h2>Sintaxe básica do ggplot</h2>
<ul>
<li><p>A função <code>ggplot()</code> inicia um gráfico ggplot.</p></li>
<li><p>Utilizamos o símbolo <strong><code>+</code></strong> para somar as camadas.</p></li>
</ul>
<img data-src="img/camadas.png" class="quarto-figure quarto-figure-center r-stretch" style="width:45.0%"><pre><code> ggplot(data, aesthetics) +
geometries(statistics) +
facets +
coordinates +
theme</code></pre>
</section><section id="construção-de-um-gráfico" class="slide level2"><h2>Construção de um gráfico</h2>
<ol type="1">
<li>
<strong>Base de dados</strong> que temos interesse em analisar e extrair informação.</li>
</ol></section><section id="construção-de-um-gráfico-1" class="slide level2"><h2>Construção de um gráfico</h2>
<ol type="1">
<li><p><strong>Base de dados</strong> que temos interesse em analisar e extrair informação.</p></li>
<li><p><strong>Mapear as variáveis</strong> que queremos relacionar.</p></li>
</ol></section><section id="construção-de-um-gráfico-2" class="slide level2"><h2>Construção de um gráfico</h2>
<ol type="1">
<li><p><strong>Base de dados</strong> que temos interesse em analisar e extrair informação.</p></li>
<li><p><strong>Mapear as variáveis</strong> que queremos relacionar.</p></li>
<li><p>Definir o <strong>objeto geométrico</strong> mais adequado: linha, ponto, barras etc.</p></li>
</ol></section><section id="construção-de-um-gráfico-3" class="slide level2"><h2>Construção de um gráfico</h2>
<ol type="1">
<li><p><strong>Base de dados</strong> que temos interesse em analisar e extrair informação.</p></li>
<li><p><strong>Mapear as variáveis</strong> que queremos relacionar.</p></li>
<li><p>Definir o <strong>objeto geométrico</strong> mais adequado: linha, ponto, barras etc.</p></li>
</ol>
<pre><code>ggplot(data = [BASE DE DADOS],
mapping = aes(x = [VARIÁVEL X], y = [VARIÁVEL Y])) +
geom_[OBJETO GEOMÉTRICO]()</code></pre>
</section><section id="objetos-geométricos" class="slide level2"><h2>Objetos geométricos</h2>
<ul>
<li><p>Gráficos de dispersão: <code>geom_point()</code></p></li>
<li><p>Gráficos de barras: <code>geom_col()</code> ou <code>geom_bar()</code></p></li>
<li><p>Gráficos de linhas: <code>geom_line()</code></p></li>
<li><p>Histograma: <code>geom_hist()</code></p></li>
<li><p>Boxplot: <code>geom_boxplot()</code></p></li>
<li><p>Densidade: <code>geom_density()</code></p></li>
<li><p>Suavização: <code>geom_smooth()</code></p></li>
<li><p>Adicionar rótulos ou textos: <code>geom_label()</code> ou <code>geom_text()</code></p></li>
</ul></section></section><section><section id="mão-na-massa" class="title-slide slide level1 center"><h1>Mão na massa</h1>
<img data-src="img/maonamassa.png" class="quarto-figure quarto-figure-center r-stretch" style="width:30.0%"></section><section id="mão-na-massa-1" class="slide level2"><h2>Mão na massa</h2>
<p>Primeiro, precisamos instalar os pacotes necessários e carregá-los:</p>
<ul>
<li><p>Pacote <a href="https://dplyr.tidyverse.org">dplyr</a> para manuseio dos dados.</p></li>
<li><p>Pacote <a href="https://ggplot2.tidyverse.org">ggplot2</a> para a visualização dos dados.</p></li>
</ul>
<div class="cell" data-layout-align="center">
<div class="sourceCode cell-code" id="cb3"><pre class="sourceCode numberSource r number-lines code-with-copy"><code class="sourceCode r"><span id="cb3-1"><a href=""></a><span class="co"># install.packages('dplyr')</span></span>
<span id="cb3-2"><a href=""></a><span class="co"># install.packages('ggplot2')</span></span>
<span id="cb3-3"><a href=""></a></span>
<span id="cb3-4"><a href=""></a><span class="fu">library</span>(ggplot2)</span>
<span id="cb3-5"><a href=""></a><span class="fu">library</span>(dplyr)</span></code><button title="Copy to Clipboard" class="code-copy-button"><i class="bi"></i></button></pre></div>
</div>
</section><section id="mão-na-massa-2" class="slide level2"><h2>Mão na massa</h2>
<h3 id="selecionar-a-base-de-dados">Selecionar a base de dados</h3>
<ul>
<li><p>Na maioria das vezes precisaremos organizar e limpar os dados antes de utilizar o ggplot. Aqui vamos partir de uma base já organizada.</p></li>
<li><p>Para a parte prática, utilizaremos a base do R <em>airquality</em>.</p></li>
</ul>
<div class="cell" data-layout-align="center">
<div class="sourceCode cell-code" id="cb4"><pre class="sourceCode numberSource r number-lines code-with-copy"><code class="sourceCode r"><span id="cb4-1"><a href=""></a><span class="co"># Leitura da base de dados</span></span>
<span id="cb4-2"><a href=""></a>airquality <span class="ot"><-</span> <span class="fu">as_tibble</span>(datasets<span class="sc">::</span>airquality)</span>
<span id="cb4-3"><a href=""></a><span class="fu">head</span>(airquality)</span></code><button title="Copy to Clipboard" class="code-copy-button"><i class="bi"></i></button></pre></div>
<div class="cell-output cell-output-stdout">
<pre><code># A tibble: 6 × 6
Ozone Solar.R Wind Temp Month Day
<int> <int> <dbl> <int> <int> <int>
1 41 190 7.4 67 5 1
2 36 118 8 72 5 2
3 12 149 12.6 74 5 3
4 18 313 11.5 62 5 4
5 NA NA 14.3 56 5 5
6 28 NA 14.9 66 5 6</code></pre>
</div>
</div>
</section><section id="mão-na-massa-3" class="slide level2"><h2>Mão na massa</h2>
<h3 id="mapear-as-variáveis">Mapear as variáveis</h3>
<p>As variáveis escolhidas para a minha análise são: <strong>Wind</strong> e <strong>Temp</strong>.</p>
<div class="cell" data-layout-align="center">
<div class="sourceCode cell-code" id="cb6"><pre class="sourceCode numberSource r number-lines code-with-copy"><code class="sourceCode r"><span id="cb6-1"><a href=""></a><span class="fu">select</span>(airquality, Wind, Temp)</span></code><button title="Copy to Clipboard" class="code-copy-button"><i class="bi"></i></button></pre></div>
<div class="cell-output cell-output-stdout">
<pre><code># A tibble: 153 × 2
Wind Temp
<dbl> <int>
1 7.4 67
2 8 72
3 12.6 74
4 11.5 62
5 14.3 56
6 14.9 66
7 8.6 65
8 13.8 59
9 20.1 61
10 8.6 69
# ℹ 143 more rows</code></pre>
</div>
</div>
</section><section id="mão-na-massa-4" class="slide level2"><h2>Mão na massa</h2>
<h3 id="definir-objeto-geométrico">Definir objeto geométrico</h3>
<p>Como as variáveis <strong>Wind</strong> e <strong>Temp</strong> são numéricas, vamos fazer um gráfico de pontos, chamando a camada <code>geom_point()</code>.</p>
</section><section id="mão-na-massa-5" class="slide level2"><h2>Mão na massa</h2>
<ol type="1">
<li><p><strong>Base de dados</strong>: airquality.</p></li>
<li><p><strong>Mapear as variáveis</strong>: Wind (x) e Temp (y).</p></li>
<li><p><strong>Objeto geométrico</strong>: pontos (<code>geom_point()</code>).</p></li>
</ol>
<div class="cell" data-layout-align="center">
<div class="sourceCode cell-code" id="cb8"><pre class="sourceCode numberSource r number-lines code-with-copy"><code class="sourceCode r"><span id="cb8-1"><a href=""></a><span class="fu">ggplot</span>(<span class="at">data =</span> airquality,</span>
<span id="cb8-2"><a href=""></a> <span class="at">mapping =</span> <span class="fu">aes</span>(<span class="at">x =</span> Wind, <span class="at">y =</span> Temp)) <span class="sc">+</span></span>
<span id="cb8-3"><a href=""></a> <span class="fu">geom_point</span>() <span class="co"># Camada 1</span></span></code><button title="Copy to Clipboard" class="code-copy-button"><i class="bi"></i></button></pre></div>
</div>
</section><section id="mão-na-massa-6" class="slide level2"><h2>Mão na massa</h2>
<img data-src="index_files/figure-revealjs/unnamed-chunk-13-1.png" class="quarto-figure quarto-figure-center r-stretch" style="width:55.0%"></section><section id="mão-na-massa-7" class="slide level2"><h2>Mão na massa</h2>
<p>O mapeamento das variáveis também pode ser inserido no objeto geométrico:</p>
<div class="cell" data-layout-align="center">
<div class="sourceCode cell-code" id="cb9"><pre class="sourceCode numberSource r number-lines code-with-copy"><code class="sourceCode r"><span id="cb9-1"><a href=""></a><span class="fu">ggplot</span>(<span class="at">data =</span> airquality) <span class="sc">+</span></span>
<span id="cb9-2"><a href=""></a> <span class="fu">geom_point</span>(<span class="at">mapping =</span> <span class="fu">aes</span>(<span class="at">x =</span> Wind, <span class="at">y =</span> Temp))</span></code><button title="Copy to Clipboard" class="code-copy-button"><i class="bi"></i></button></pre></div>
</div>
<img data-src="index_files/figure-revealjs/unnamed-chunk-14-1.png" class="quarto-figure quarto-figure-center r-stretch" style="width:45.0%"></section><section id="mão-na-massa-8" class="slide level2"><h2>Mão na massa</h2>
<h3 id="como-podemos-melhorar">Como podemos melhorar?</h3>
<img data-src="img/horst/ggplot2_obra_prima_pt.png" class="quarto-figure quarto-figure-center r-stretch" style="width:45.0%"><p class="caption">Arte por <a href="https://github.com/allisonhorst/stats-illustrations">Allison Horst</a></p></section><section id="mão-na-massa-9" class="slide level2"><h2>Mão na massa</h2>
<h3 id="como-podemos-melhorar-1">Como podemos melhorar?</h3>
<ul>
<li>Títulos e subtítulos</li>
<li>Nomear eixos</li>
<li>Cores e tamanhos dos objetos geométricos</li>
<li>Temas</li>
</ul></section><section id="mão-na-massa-10" class="slide level2"><h2>Mão na massa</h2>
<h3 id="cores-e-tamanhos-dos-objetos-geométricos">Cores e tamanhos dos objetos geométricos</h3>
<ul>
<li>Caso 1: meramente estéticos</li>
<li>Dentro do objeto geométrico (<code>geom_point()</code>)</li>
<li>Cor: <code>geom_point(color = "cor desejada")</code>
</li>
<li>Tamanho dos pontos <code>geom_point(size = valor numérico)</code>
</li>
</ul>
<div class="cell" data-layout-align="center">
<div class="sourceCode cell-code" id="cb10"><pre class="sourceCode numberSource r number-lines code-with-copy"><code class="sourceCode r"><span id="cb10-1"><a href=""></a><span class="fu">ggplot</span>(<span class="at">data =</span> airquality,</span>
<span id="cb10-2"><a href=""></a> <span class="at">mapping =</span> <span class="fu">aes</span>(<span class="at">x =</span> Wind, <span class="at">y =</span> Temp)) <span class="sc">+</span></span>
<span id="cb10-3"><a href=""></a> <span class="fu">geom_point</span>(<span class="at">color =</span> <span class="st">"blue"</span>, <span class="at">size =</span> <span class="dv">4</span>) <span class="co"># Camada 1</span></span></code><button title="Copy to Clipboard" class="code-copy-button"><i class="bi"></i></button></pre></div>
</div>
</section><section id="mão-na-massa-11" class="slide level2"><h2>Mão na massa</h2>
<h3 id="cores-e-tamanhos-dos-objetos-geométricos-1">Cores e tamanhos dos objetos geométricos</h3>
<img data-src="index_files/figure-revealjs/unnamed-chunk-17-1.png" class="quarto-figure quarto-figure-center r-stretch" style="width:50.0%"></section><section id="mão-na-massa-12" class="slide level2"><h2>Mão na massa</h2>
<h3 id="cores-e-tamanhos-dos-objetos-geométricos-2">Cores e tamanhos dos objetos geométricos</h3>
<ul>
<li>Caso 2: associados a uma terceira variável: <code>aes()</code> (mapeamento das variáveis)</li>
<li>Dentro do objeto geométrico (<code>geom_point()</code>)</li>
<li>Cor: <code>geom_point(color = variável)</code>
</li>
<li>Tamanho dos pontos <code>geom_point(size = variável)</code>
</li>
</ul>
<p>Vou associar a cor à variável <strong>Month</strong> (numérico de 5 a 9)</p>
<div class="cell" data-layout-align="center">
<div class="sourceCode cell-code" id="cb11"><pre class="sourceCode numberSource r number-lines code-with-copy"><code class="sourceCode r"><span id="cb11-1"><a href=""></a><span class="fu">ggplot</span>(<span class="at">data =</span> airquality) <span class="sc">+</span></span>
<span id="cb11-2"><a href=""></a> <span class="fu">geom_point</span>(<span class="at">mapping =</span> <span class="fu">aes</span>(<span class="at">x =</span> Wind, <span class="at">y =</span> Temp, <span class="at">color =</span> <span class="fu">factor</span>(Month)), <span class="at">size =</span> <span class="dv">2</span>) <span class="co"># Camada 1</span></span></code><button title="Copy to Clipboard" class="code-copy-button"><i class="bi"></i></button></pre></div>
</div>
</section><section id="mão-na-massa-13" class="slide level2"><h2>Mão na massa</h2>
<h3 id="cores-e-tamanhos-dos-objetos-geométricos-3">Cores e tamanhos dos objetos geométricos</h3>
<img data-src="index_files/figure-revealjs/unnamed-chunk-19-1.png" class="quarto-figure quarto-figure-center r-stretch" style="width:50.0%"></section><section id="mão-na-massa-14" class="slide level2"><h2>Mão na massa</h2>
<h3 id="cores-e-tamanhos-dos-objetos-geométricos-4">Cores e tamanhos dos objetos geométricos</h3>
<img data-src="index_files/figure-revealjs/unnamed-chunk-20-1.png" class="quarto-figure quarto-figure-center r-stretch" style="width:50.0%"></section><section id="mão-na-massa-15" class="slide level2"><h2>Mão na massa</h2>
<h3 id="cores-e-tamanhos-dos-objetos-geométricos-5">Cores e tamanhos dos objetos geométricos</h3>
<div class="cell" data-layout-align="center">
<div class="sourceCode cell-code" id="cb12"><pre class="sourceCode numberSource r number-lines code-with-copy"><code class="sourceCode r"><span id="cb12-1"><a href=""></a><span class="fu">ggplot</span>(<span class="at">data =</span> airquality) <span class="sc">+</span></span>
<span id="cb12-2"><a href=""></a> <span class="fu">geom_point</span>(<span class="at">mapping =</span> <span class="fu">aes</span>(<span class="at">x =</span> Wind, <span class="at">y =</span> Temp, <span class="at">size =</span> <span class="fu">factor</span>(Month), <span class="at">color =</span> <span class="fu">factor</span>(Month))) <span class="co"># Camada 1</span></span></code><button title="Copy to Clipboard" class="code-copy-button"><i class="bi"></i></button></pre></div>
</div>
</section><section id="mão-na-massa-16" class="slide level2"><h2>Mão na massa</h2>
<h3 id="títulos-e-subtítulos">Títulos e subtítulos</h3>
<ul>
<li>Nova camada: <code>ggtitle("Titulo", "subtítulo")</code>.</li>
</ul>
<div class="cell" data-layout-align="center">
<div class="sourceCode cell-code" id="cb13"><pre class="sourceCode numberSource r number-lines code-with-copy"><code class="sourceCode r"><span id="cb13-1"><a href=""></a><span class="fu">ggplot</span>(<span class="at">data =</span> airquality) <span class="sc">+</span></span>
<span id="cb13-2"><a href=""></a> <span class="fu">geom_point</span>(<span class="at">mapping =</span> <span class="fu">aes</span>(<span class="at">x =</span> Wind, <span class="at">y =</span> Temp, <span class="at">size =</span> <span class="fu">factor</span>(Month), <span class="at">color =</span> <span class="fu">factor</span>(Month))) <span class="sc">+</span> <span class="co"># Camada 1</span></span>
<span id="cb13-3"><a href=""></a> <span class="fu">ggtitle</span>(<span class="st">"Qualidade do ar"</span>, <span class="st">"Temperatura pelo Vento"</span>) <span class="co"># Camada 2</span></span></code><button title="Copy to Clipboard" class="code-copy-button"><i class="bi"></i></button></pre></div>
</div>
</section><section id="mão-na-massa-17" class="slide level2"><h2>Mão na massa</h2>
<h3 id="títulos-e-subtítulos-1">Títulos e subtítulos</h3>
<img data-src="index_files/figure-revealjs/unnamed-chunk-23-1.png" class="quarto-figure quarto-figure-center r-stretch" style="width:50.0%"></section><section id="mão-na-massa-18" class="slide level2"><h2>Mão na massa</h2>
<h3 id="eixos">Eixos</h3>
<ul>
<li>Nova camada: <code>labs(x = "nome no eixo x", y = "nome no eixo y")</code>.</li>
</ul>
<div class="cell" data-layout-align="center">
<div class="sourceCode cell-code" id="cb14"><pre class="sourceCode numberSource r number-lines code-with-copy"><code class="sourceCode r"><span id="cb14-1"><a href=""></a><span class="fu">ggplot</span>(<span class="at">data =</span> airquality) <span class="sc">+</span></span>
<span id="cb14-2"><a href=""></a> <span class="fu">geom_point</span>(<span class="at">mapping =</span> <span class="fu">aes</span>(<span class="at">x =</span> Wind, <span class="at">y =</span> Temp, <span class="at">size =</span> <span class="fu">factor</span>(Month), <span class="at">color =</span> <span class="fu">factor</span>(Month))) <span class="sc">+</span> <span class="co"># Camada 1</span></span>
<span id="cb14-3"><a href=""></a> <span class="fu">ggtitle</span>(<span class="st">"Qualidade do ar"</span>, <span class="st">"Temperatura pelo Vento"</span>) <span class="sc">+</span> <span class="co"># Camada 2</span></span>
<span id="cb14-4"><a href=""></a> <span class="fu">labs</span>(<span class="at">x =</span> <span class="st">"Vento (Km/h)"</span>, <span class="at">y =</span> <span class="st">"Temperatura (Farenheit)"</span>) <span class="co"># Camada 3</span></span></code><button title="Copy to Clipboard" class="code-copy-button"><i class="bi"></i></button></pre></div>
</div>
</section><section id="mão-na-massa-19" class="slide level2"><h2>Mão na massa</h2>
<h3 id="eixos-1">Eixos</h3>
<img data-src="index_files/figure-revealjs/unnamed-chunk-25-1.png" class="quarto-figure quarto-figure-center r-stretch" style="width:50.0%"></section><section id="mão-na-massa-20" class="slide level2"><h2>Mão na massa</h2>
<h3 id="eixos-2">Eixos</h3>
<ul>
<li>Alterar limites das coordenadas: <code>xlim(c(a,b))</code> e <code>ylim(c(a,b))</code>.</li>
</ul>
<div class="cell" data-layout-align="center">
<div class="sourceCode cell-code" id="cb15"><pre class="sourceCode numberSource r number-lines code-with-copy"><code class="sourceCode r"><span id="cb15-1"><a href=""></a><span class="fu">ggplot</span>(<span class="at">data =</span> airquality) <span class="sc">+</span></span>
<span id="cb15-2"><a href=""></a> <span class="fu">geom_point</span>(<span class="at">mapping =</span> <span class="fu">aes</span>(<span class="at">x =</span> Wind, <span class="at">y =</span> Temp, <span class="at">size =</span> <span class="fu">factor</span>(Month), <span class="at">color =</span> <span class="fu">factor</span>(Month))) <span class="sc">+</span> <span class="co"># Camada 1</span></span>
<span id="cb15-3"><a href=""></a> <span class="fu">ggtitle</span>(<span class="st">"Qualidade do ar"</span>, <span class="st">"Temperatura pelo Vento"</span>) <span class="sc">+</span> <span class="co"># Camada 2</span></span>
<span id="cb15-4"><a href=""></a> <span class="fu">labs</span>(<span class="at">x =</span> <span class="st">"Vento (Km/h)"</span>, <span class="at">y =</span> <span class="st">"Temperatura (Farenheit)"</span>) <span class="sc">+</span> <span class="co"># Camada 3</span></span>
<span id="cb15-5"><a href=""></a> <span class="fu">xlim</span>(<span class="fu">c</span>(<span class="dv">0</span>,<span class="dv">30</span>)) <span class="sc">+</span> <span class="co"># Camada 4</span></span>
<span id="cb15-6"><a href=""></a> <span class="fu">ylim</span>(<span class="fu">c</span>(<span class="dv">50</span>,<span class="dv">150</span>)) <span class="co"># Camada 5</span></span></code><button title="Copy to Clipboard" class="code-copy-button"><i class="bi"></i></button></pre></div>
</div>
</section><section id="mão-na-massa-21" class="slide level2"><h2>Mão na massa</h2>
<h3 id="eixos-3">Eixos</h3>
<img data-src="index_files/figure-revealjs/unnamed-chunk-27-1.png" class="quarto-figure quarto-figure-center r-stretch" style="width:50.0%"></section><section id="mão-na-massa-22" class="slide level2"><h2>Mão na massa</h2>
<h3 id="legenda">Legenda</h3>
<ul>
<li>Nova camana: <code>guides()</code>.</li>
<li>Associar com o tipo de representação: cor</li>
</ul>
<div class="cell" data-layout-align="center">
<div class="sourceCode cell-code" id="cb16"><pre class="sourceCode numberSource r number-lines code-with-copy"><code class="sourceCode r"><span id="cb16-1"><a href=""></a><span class="fu">ggplot</span>(<span class="at">data =</span> airquality) <span class="sc">+</span></span>
<span id="cb16-2"><a href=""></a> <span class="fu">geom_point</span>(<span class="at">mapping =</span> <span class="fu">aes</span>(<span class="at">x =</span> Wind, <span class="at">y =</span> Temp, <span class="at">color =</span> <span class="fu">factor</span>(Month)), <span class="at">size =</span> <span class="dv">3</span>) <span class="sc">+</span> <span class="co"># Camada 1</span></span>
<span id="cb16-3"><a href=""></a> <span class="fu">ggtitle</span>(<span class="st">"Qualidade do ar"</span>, <span class="st">"Temperatura pelo Vento"</span>) <span class="sc">+</span> <span class="co"># Camada 2</span></span>
<span id="cb16-4"><a href=""></a> <span class="fu">labs</span>(<span class="at">x =</span> <span class="st">"Vento (Km/h)"</span>, <span class="at">y =</span> <span class="st">"Temperatura (Farenheit)"</span>) <span class="sc">+</span> <span class="co"># Camada 3</span></span>
<span id="cb16-5"><a href=""></a> <span class="fu">guides</span>(<span class="at">color=</span><span class="fu">guide_legend</span>(<span class="at">title=</span><span class="st">"Mês"</span>)) <span class="co"># Camada 3</span></span></code><button title="Copy to Clipboard" class="code-copy-button"><i class="bi"></i></button></pre></div>
</div>
</section><section id="mão-na-massa-23" class="slide level2"><h2>Mão na massa</h2>
<h3 id="legenda-1">Legenda</h3>
<img data-src="index_files/figure-revealjs/unnamed-chunk-29-1.png" class="quarto-figure quarto-figure-center r-stretch" style="width:50.0%"></section><section id="mão-na-massa-24" class="slide level2"><h2>Mão na massa</h2>
<h3 id="temas">Temas</h3>
<ul>
<li>Alterar temas dos gráficos: <code>theme_()</code>.</li>
<li>Muitos temas!</li>
</ul>
<p><em>Tema clássico</em></p>
<div class="cell" data-layout-align="center">
<div class="sourceCode cell-code" id="cb17"><pre class="sourceCode numberSource r number-lines code-with-copy"><code class="sourceCode r"><span id="cb17-1"><a href=""></a><span class="fu">ggplot</span>(<span class="at">data =</span> airquality) <span class="sc">+</span></span>
<span id="cb17-2"><a href=""></a> <span class="fu">geom_point</span>(<span class="at">mapping =</span> <span class="fu">aes</span>(<span class="at">x =</span> Wind, <span class="at">y =</span> Temp, <span class="at">color =</span> <span class="fu">factor</span>(Month)), <span class="at">size =</span> <span class="dv">3</span>) <span class="sc">+</span> <span class="co"># Camada 1</span></span>
<span id="cb17-3"><a href=""></a> <span class="fu">ggtitle</span>(<span class="st">"Qualidade do ar"</span>, <span class="st">"Temperatura pelo Vento"</span>) <span class="sc">+</span> <span class="co"># Camada 2</span></span>
<span id="cb17-4"><a href=""></a> <span class="fu">labs</span>(<span class="at">x =</span> <span class="st">"Vento (Km/h)"</span>, <span class="at">y =</span> <span class="st">"Temperatura (Farenheit)"</span>) <span class="sc">+</span> <span class="co"># Camada 3</span></span>
<span id="cb17-5"><a href=""></a> <span class="fu">guides</span>(<span class="at">color=</span><span class="fu">guide_legend</span>(<span class="at">title=</span><span class="st">"Mês"</span>)) <span class="sc">+</span> <span class="co"># Camada 3</span></span>
<span id="cb17-6"><a href=""></a> <span class="fu">theme_classic</span>() <span class="co"># Camada 4</span></span></code><button title="Copy to Clipboard" class="code-copy-button"><i class="bi"></i></button></pre></div>
</div>
</section><section id="mão-na-massa-25" class="slide level2"><h2>Mão na massa</h2>
<h3 id="temas-clássico">Temas | Clássico</h3>
<img data-src="index_files/figure-revealjs/unnamed-chunk-31-1.png" class="quarto-figure quarto-figure-center r-stretch" style="width:50.0%"></section><section id="mão-na-massa-26" class="slide level2"><h2>Mão na massa</h2>
<h3 id="temas-clássico-tamanho-da-fonte">Temas | Clássico / Tamanho da fonte</h3>
<div class="cell" data-layout-align="center">
<div class="sourceCode cell-code" id="cb18"><pre class="sourceCode numberSource r number-lines code-with-copy"><code class="sourceCode r"><span id="cb18-1"><a href=""></a><span class="fu">ggplot</span>(<span class="at">data =</span> airquality) <span class="sc">+</span></span>
<span id="cb18-2"><a href=""></a> <span class="fu">geom_point</span>(<span class="at">mapping =</span> <span class="fu">aes</span>(<span class="at">x =</span> Wind, <span class="at">y =</span> Temp, <span class="at">color =</span> <span class="fu">factor</span>(Month)), <span class="at">size =</span> <span class="dv">3</span>) <span class="sc">+</span> <span class="co"># Camada 1</span></span>
<span id="cb18-3"><a href=""></a> <span class="fu">ggtitle</span>(<span class="st">"Qualidade do ar"</span>, <span class="st">"Temperatura pelo Vento"</span>) <span class="sc">+</span> <span class="co"># Camada 2</span></span>
<span id="cb18-4"><a href=""></a> <span class="fu">labs</span>(<span class="at">x =</span> <span class="st">"Vento (Km/h)"</span>, <span class="at">y =</span> <span class="st">"Temperatura (Farenheit)"</span>) <span class="sc">+</span> <span class="co"># Camada 3</span></span>
<span id="cb18-5"><a href=""></a> <span class="fu">guides</span>(<span class="at">color=</span><span class="fu">guide_legend</span>(<span class="at">title=</span><span class="st">"Mês"</span>)) <span class="sc">+</span> <span class="co"># Camada 3</span></span>
<span id="cb18-6"><a href=""></a> <span class="fu">theme_classic</span>(<span class="dv">16</span>) <span class="co"># Camada 4</span></span></code><button title="Copy to Clipboard" class="code-copy-button"><i class="bi"></i></button></pre></div>
</div>
</section><section id="mão-na-massa-27" class="slide level2"><h2>Mão na massa</h2>
<h3 id="temas-clássico-tamanho-da-fonte-1">Temas | Clássico / Tamanho da fonte</h3>
<img data-src="index_files/figure-revealjs/unnamed-chunk-33-1.png" class="quarto-figure quarto-figure-center r-stretch" style="width:50.0%"></section><section id="mão-na-massa-28" class="slide level2"><h2>Mão na massa</h2>
<h3 id="temas-1">Temas</h3>
<ul>
<li>Alterar temas dos gráficos: <code>theme_()</code>.</li>
<li>Muitos temas!</li>
</ul>
<p><em>Tema escuro</em></p>
<div class="cell" data-layout-align="center">
<div class="sourceCode cell-code" id="cb19"><pre class="sourceCode numberSource r number-lines code-with-copy"><code class="sourceCode r"><span id="cb19-1"><a href=""></a><span class="fu">ggplot</span>(<span class="at">data =</span> airquality) <span class="sc">+</span></span>
<span id="cb19-2"><a href=""></a> <span class="fu">geom_point</span>(<span class="at">mapping =</span> <span class="fu">aes</span>(<span class="at">x =</span> Wind, <span class="at">y =</span> Temp, <span class="at">color =</span> <span class="fu">factor</span>(Month)), <span class="at">size =</span> <span class="dv">3</span>) <span class="sc">+</span> <span class="co"># Camada 1</span></span>
<span id="cb19-3"><a href=""></a> <span class="fu">ggtitle</span>(<span class="st">"Qualidade do ar"</span>, <span class="st">"Temperatura pelo Vento"</span>) <span class="sc">+</span> <span class="co"># Camada 2</span></span>
<span id="cb19-4"><a href=""></a> <span class="fu">labs</span>(<span class="at">x =</span> <span class="st">"Vento (Km/h)"</span>, <span class="at">y =</span> <span class="st">"Temperatura (Farenheit)"</span>) <span class="sc">+</span> <span class="co"># Camada 3</span></span>
<span id="cb19-5"><a href=""></a> <span class="fu">guides</span>(<span class="at">color=</span><span class="fu">guide_legend</span>(<span class="at">title=</span><span class="st">"Mês"</span>)) <span class="sc">+</span> <span class="co"># Camada 3</span></span>
<span id="cb19-6"><a href=""></a> <span class="fu">theme_dark</span>(<span class="dv">16</span>) <span class="co"># Camada 4</span></span></code><button title="Copy to Clipboard" class="code-copy-button"><i class="bi"></i></button></pre></div>
</div>
</section><section id="mão-na-massa-29" class="slide level2"><h2>Mão na massa</h2>
<h3 id="temas-escuro">Temas | Escuro</h3>
<img data-src="index_files/figure-revealjs/unnamed-chunk-35-1.png" class="quarto-figure quarto-figure-center r-stretch" style="width:50.0%"></section><section id="mão-na-massa-30" class="slide level2"><h2>Mão na massa</h2>
<h3 id="temas-2">Temas</h3>
<ul>
<li>Alterar temas dos gráficos: <code>theme_()</code>.</li>
<li>Muitos temas!</li>
</ul>
<p><em>Tema mínimo</em></p>
<div class="cell" data-layout-align="center">
<div class="sourceCode cell-code" id="cb20"><pre class="sourceCode numberSource r number-lines code-with-copy"><code class="sourceCode r"><span id="cb20-1"><a href=""></a><span class="fu">ggplot</span>(<span class="at">data =</span> airquality) <span class="sc">+</span></span>
<span id="cb20-2"><a href=""></a> <span class="fu">geom_point</span>(<span class="at">mapping =</span> <span class="fu">aes</span>(<span class="at">x =</span> Wind, <span class="at">y =</span> Temp, <span class="at">color =</span> <span class="fu">factor</span>(Month)), <span class="at">size =</span> <span class="dv">3</span>) <span class="sc">+</span> <span class="co"># Camada 1</span></span>
<span id="cb20-3"><a href=""></a> <span class="fu">ggtitle</span>(<span class="st">"Qualidade do ar"</span>, <span class="st">"Temperatura pelo Vento"</span>) <span class="sc">+</span> <span class="co"># Camada 2</span></span>
<span id="cb20-4"><a href=""></a> <span class="fu">labs</span>(<span class="at">x =</span> <span class="st">"Vento (Km/h)"</span>, <span class="at">y =</span> <span class="st">"Temperatura (Farenheit)"</span>) <span class="sc">+</span> <span class="co"># Camada 3</span></span>
<span id="cb20-5"><a href=""></a> <span class="fu">guides</span>(<span class="at">color=</span><span class="fu">guide_legend</span>(<span class="at">title=</span><span class="st">"Mês"</span>)) <span class="sc">+</span> <span class="co"># Camada 3</span></span>
<span id="cb20-6"><a href=""></a> <span class="fu">theme_minimal</span>(<span class="dv">16</span>) <span class="co"># Camada 4</span></span></code><button title="Copy to Clipboard" class="code-copy-button"><i class="bi"></i></button></pre></div>
</div>
</section><section id="mão-na-massa-31" class="slide level2"><h2>Mão na massa</h2>
<h3 id="temas-mínimo">Temas | Mínimo</h3>
<img data-src="index_files/figure-revealjs/unnamed-chunk-37-1.png" class="quarto-figure quarto-figure-center r-stretch" style="width:50.0%"></section><section id="dica" class="slide level2"><h2>Dica</h2>
<ul>
<li><a href="https://www.rstudio.com/resources/cheatsheets/">Cheatsheets RStudio</a></li>
</ul>
<img data-src="img/cheatsheet_ggplot.png" class="quarto-figure quarto-figure-center r-stretch" style="width:75.0%"></section></section><section id="perguntas" class="title-slide slide level1 center"><h1>Perguntas?</h1>
</section><section id="obrigada-3" class="title-slide slide level1 center"><h1>Obrigada <3</h1>
<div class="quarto-auto-generated-content">
<p><img src="https://rladies-sp.org/img/logo.jpg" class="slide-logo"></p>
<div class="footer footer-default">
<p>Slides feitos com <a href="https://quarto.org/docs/presentations/revealjs/index.html">Quarto</a> e <a href="https://github.com/beatrizmilz/quarto-rladies-theme#quarto-r-ladies-theme">Quarto R-Ladies Theme</a>.</p>
</div>
</div>
</section>
</div>
</div>
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