On Linux, install the development packages for FreeType, Cairo, and GLib. For example, on Ubuntu / Debian, you would do:
$ sudo apt-get install meson pkg-config ragel gtk-doc-tools gcc g++ libfreetype6-dev libglib2.0-dev libcairo2-dev
whereas on Fedora, RHEL, CentOS, and other Red Hat based systems you would do:
$ sudo dnf install meson pkgconfig gtk-doc gcc gcc-c++ freetype-devel glib2-devel cairo-devel
and on ArchLinux and Manjaro:
$ sudo pacman -Suy meson pkg-config ragel gcc freetype2 glib2 cairo
then use meson to build the project like meson build && meson test -Cbuild.
On macOS, brew install pkg-config ragel gtk-doc freetype glib cairo meson
then use meson like above.
On Windows, meson can build the project like above if a working MSVC's cl.exe
(vcvarsall.bat) or gcc/clang is already on your path, and if you use
something like meson build --wrap-mode=default it fetches and compiles most
of the dependencies also. It is recommended to install CMake either manually
or via the Visual Studio installer when building with MSVC, using meson.
Our CI configurations is also a good source of learning how to build HarfBuzz.
There is also amalgam source provided with HarfBuzz which reduces whole process
of building HarfBuzz like g++ src/harfbuzz.cc -fno-exceptions but there is
not guarantee provided with buildability and reliability of features you get.