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<!DOCTYPE html>
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<title>Colloquial Kansai Dictionary</title>
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<h1><a href="./" id="home-link">Colloquial Kansai Dictionary</a></h1>
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<h2 id="main-title" class="title center">Colloquial Kansai Dictionary</h2>
<p>Welcome to Colloquial Kansai Dictionary! Here you can quickly find information and explanations for various words/phrases used in the Kansai region of Japan. The content included here is based on that of <a href="https://www.tuttlepublishing.com/language-books/japanese/phrasebooks/colloquial-kansai-japanese" target="_blank">Colloquial Kansai Japanese</a> and is essentially a quick reference for this book. If you found this page helpful, please consider purchasing a copy of the book to support the author!</p>
<p>Some key differences in this dictionary from the book are:</p>
<ul>
<li>Romaji is <strong>not</strong> used. Instead, furigana is provided with the option to disable it.</li>
<li>Kana/Kanji is used more often in explanations.</li>
<li>Explanations/examples/standard words are given for some entries that didn't have them.</li>
</ul>
<h2 id="tips">Tips</h2>
<p>You can use the Index below to quickly jump to a section or the Quick Search to search for the entry you're looking for. The list below contains some additional usage tips.</p>
<ul>
<li>Search「<ruby>関西弁<rt>かんさいべん</rt></ruby>」in the Quick Dictionary (button in bottom right) to bring up a list of Kansai-ben and Standard Japanese equivalents. You can also select parts of speech with the cursor and click the "Look up" button that appears to bring up its entry in the dictionary.</li>
<li>Search "#" in the Quick Search to bring up a list of entries that have in-depth explanations.</li>
<li style="padding-bottom:8px;padding-top:2px;">Press <code>CTRL+SHIFT+F</code> to quickly toggle furigana on or off. You can also toggle it via the Quick Navigation (button in top left).</li>
<li style="padding-bottom:8px;padding-top:2px;">All sections are collapsed by default, but you can use the button below if you want to display all entries at once.</li>
</ul>
<p>For additional Kansai-ben resources, please check out the <a href="https://www.kansaiben.com/" target="_blank">Kansai-ben Self-study Site</a>.</p>
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<h2 id="index">Index</h2>
<ul id="index-list">
<li><a href="#INTRO">Introduction</a></li>
<li><a href="#A">A</a></li>
<li><a href="#B">B</a></li>
<li><a href="#C">C</a></li>
<li><a href="#D">D</a></li>
<li><a href="#E">E</a></li>
<li><a href="#G">G</a></li>
<li><a href="#H">H</a></li>
<li><a href="#I">I</a></li>
<li><a href="#J">J</a></li>
<li><a href="#K">K</a></li>
<li><a href="#M">M</a></li>
<li><a href="#N">N</a></li>
<li><a href="#O">O</a></li>
<li><a href="#P">P</a></li>
<li><a href="#R">R</a></li>
<li><a href="#S">S</a></li>
<li><a href="#T">T</a></li>
<li><a href="#U">U</a></li>
<li><a href="#W">W</a></li>
<li><a href="#Y">Y</a></li>
<li><a href="#Z">Z</a></li>
</ul>
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<h2 id="quick-search-exercises">Quick Search <span id="quick-search-hits"></span></h2>
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<h2 id="INTRO" class="lesson-title">Introduction</h2>
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<h3 id="INTRO1" class="main-color" style="margin-bottom:5px;margin-top:0px;">Preface</h3>
まいど、まいど and welcome to Kansai Japan, the land of historic temples, beautiful <ruby>芸子<rt>げいこ</rt></ruby>, majestic mountains, and a vibrant, growing economy. Kindly leave your shoes and Tokyo dialect by the door. Remember to open your mouth when you speak here. If you like, you can roll your R's all the way down Mt. Rokko. The more expression in your voice, the better. Tell jokes. Go ahead, don't be afraid. You're among friends: this is Kansai.<br><br>
If you've been here long, you have already noticed that nobody is speaking the Japanese you so diligently studied in classes and textbooks. But you're going to have to learn the language of the streets. Of course, you can continue speaking the so-called <ruby>標準語<rt>ひょうじゅんご</rt></ruby>, standard Japanese, the language of poker-faced bureaucrats up in Tokyo, exactly as it is taught on NHK, but you'll bore everybody and you sure won't have a clue as to what people are saying to you.<br><br>
We have written <a href="https://www.tuttlepublishing.com/language-books/japanese/phrasebooks/colloquial-kansai-japanese" target="_blank">this book</a> for people who, like us, despite years of studying Japanese, or even being a Japanese native, felt clueless when they moved to the Kansai region and wore out their dictionaries trying in vain to find the meaning of words like ほんま、あかん、しもた、and ちゃう. Despite being the language spoken by every one of your honorable neighbors, including your teachers, it isn't taught in classes and there are no textbooks, tapes, or television shows to help master it. Yet, not only does learning the language make it possible to understand everyone else, but Kansai-ben is also a more expressive language, a more enjoyable dialect to speak than Tokyo-ben. And although it may seem strange for a foreigner to speak Kansai-ben (like a Japanese person affecting a Cockney accent or an Alabama drawl), it works wonders in livening up conversations, even in Tokyo.<br><br>
If you're living in the Kyoto-Osaka-Kobe area, we hope you will find this an indispensable road map to the language surrounding you. If you live elsewhere in the Kansai region, you should find that nearly all of our explanations are applicable, but that each region's dialect has its own pronunciation, special words, and other peculiarities you will need to pick up by paying close attention to your neighbors' speech patterns. If you live elsewhere in the southern half of Honshu, such as Nagoya, Hiroshima, or Okayama, we expect you will also find this useful, since the language spoken throughout the area has more in common with Kansai-ben than with 標準語. But you should listen carefully for differences, and may want to consider writing a book similar to this one yourself. If you live anywhere else in Japan or, God forbid, are still stuck in Tokyo, you can at least pretend to live in Kansai and lighten up those monotonous conversations.<br><br>
So pour yourself a glass of beer or a cup of hot Nada sake, put on your Hanshin Tigers baseball cap, and learn to speak like a native. <ruby>頑張<rt>がんば</rt></ruby>ってな！
<h3 id="INTRO2" class="main-color" style="margin-bottom:5px;">What is Kinki?</h3>
The Kinki region of Japan called <ruby>近畿地方<rt>きんきちほう</rt></ruby> in Japanese, covers a wide region in the southern half of the main <ruby>本州<rt>ほんしゅう</rt></ruby> island. Although the area considered part of the Kinki region has varied through history, it is now legally defined as the two cities (<ruby>府<rt>ふ</rt></ruby>) of Osaka and Kyoto and the five prefectures (<ruby>県<rt>けん</rt></ruby>) of Hyogo, Mie, Nara, Shiga, and Wakayama or, in less legal terms, the land south of Nagoya and north of Okayama. This region includes Osaka, Kyoto, Kobe, Nara, Akashi, the Ise Peninsula, and Awaji Island. Of course, there are differences in the language across such a large area containing such drastic contrasts in living styles and history, but these local variations are all considered sub-dialects of Kansai-ben.<br><br>
What then is Kansai? Although the word "Kansai" is used much more frequently than "Kinki," unfortunately the meaning of Kansai is somewhat muddled. Officially, Kansai is synonymous with Kinki, but in actual usage it usually applies only to the Kyoto-Osaka-Kobe area This tri-city region is usually abbreviated in Japanese as Kei-Han-Shin (京阪神), taking one character from the name of each city. Kei-Han-Shin also includes the suburban cities in between, such as Ibaragi, Hirakata, and Nishinomiya.<br><br>
To make matters even more confusing, the version of Kansai-ben spoken in Osaka is often referred to as Osaka-ben, but as most outsiders cannot tell the difference, and because Osaka is by far the largest city in the region, quite often anyone who uses words such as あかん and ほんま is considered to be speaking Osaka-ben.<br><br>
To keep things simple, we consider all the variations of Japanese spoken throughout the Kinki region to be part of Kansai-ben, and have tried to indicate the words or phrases that are used only in Osaka or only in the Kei-Han-Shin area.<br><br>
We would also like to note that although many other areas of Central, Southern, and Western Honshu, such as Nagoya, Okayama, and Hiroshima, are not considered to be part of the Kinki region, the language in these areas has more in common with Kansai-ben than with standard Japanese. We have therefore tried to make this book useful for people living in these regions as well.<br><br>
<h3 id="INTRO3" class="main-color" style="margin-bottom:5px;">The Dialect</h3>
Why does the language spoken in Kansai differ from that in Tokyo and even vary from place to place within Kansai, even within the city of Osaka? The reason lies in the fact that before the advent of modern transportation and communication, residents of each area had little contact with people from more than a few miles away. As the language grew and changed, it did so within the confines of each locality. With the advent of modern communications, as well as the centralization of power in Tokyo, nearly everyone in Japan became able to understand and speak the officially sanctioned version of Japanese (the Tokyo version, of course). Regional dialects, however, although diminishing in usage, are still a fact of life in Japan. Children still master the local dialect spoken by parents and friends long before they are taught to speak standard Japanese.<br><br>
But why are some words used in Kansai while different words with nearly identical meanings are used in Tokyo, and why are certain pronunciations of the same word favored in Kansai over the standard pronunciation? Essentially, it is because that is the way it is, but there are a few guiding rules for newcomers to Kansai-ben.<br><br>
• Many words in standard Japanese are contracted. Note the following examples.
<table class="table alt-cell-color" style="margin:10px 0;">
<tr class="table-head">
<td style="width:30%">Kansai</td>
<td style="width:30%">Standard</td>
<td style="width:30%">English</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>よう</td>
<td>よく</td>
<td>very, well</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>おもろい</td>
<td><ruby>面白<rt>おもしろ</rt></ruby>い</td>
<td>interesting</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>ちゃう</td>
<td><ruby>違<rt>ちが</rt></ruby>う</td>
<td>wrong</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>こら</td>
<td>これは</td>
<td>this is</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>そら</td>
<td>それは</td>
<td>that is</td>
</tr>
</table><br>
• For no reason other than history, certain words are used in Kansai while others are used in Tokyo
<table class="table alt-cell-color" style="margin:10px 0;">
<tr class="table-head">
<td style="width:30%">Kansai</td>
<td style="width:30%">Standard</td>
<td style="width:30%">English</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>ぬくい</td>
<td><ruby>暖<rt>あたた</rt></ruby>かい</td>
<td>warm</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>こそばい</td>
<td>くすぐったい</td>
<td>ticklish</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>こける</td>
<td><ruby>転<rt>ころ</rt></ruby>ぶ</td>
<td>fall down</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>ほかす</td>
<td><ruby>捨<rt>す</rt></ruby>てる</td>
<td>throw away</td>
</tr>
</table><br>
• "S" sounds in standard Japanese are often replaced by "H" sounds.
<table class="table alt-cell-color" style="margin:10px 0;">
<tr class="table-head">
<td style="width:30%">Kansai</td>
<td style="width:30%">Standard</td>
<td style="width:30%">English</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>-はん</td>
<td>-さん</td>
<td>Mr., Ms., Mrs., Miss</td>
</tr>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>-まへん</td>
<td>-ません</td>
<td>(negative conjugation)</td>
</tr>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>-まひょう</td>
<td>-ましょう</td>
<td>("let's do" conjugation)</td>
</tr>
</table><br>
• です and its variations are replaced by や.
<table class="table alt-cell-color" style="margin:10px 0;">
<tr class="table-head">
<td style="width:30%">Kansai</td>
<td style="width:30%">Standard</td>
<td style="width:30%">English</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>や</td>
<td>だ</td>
<td>is</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>やろ</td>
<td>だろう</td>
<td>don't you think?</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>やから</td>
<td>だから</td>
<td>therefore</td>
</tr>
</table><br>
• Long vowels, especially at the end of words, are often shortened.
<table class="table alt-cell-color" style="margin:10px 0;">
<tr class="table-head">
<td style="width:30%">Kansai</td>
<td style="width:30%">Standard</td>
<td style="width:30%">English</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><ruby>行<rt>い</rt></ruby>こ</td>
<td>行こう</td>
<td>let's go</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>しょ</td>
<td>しょう</td>
<td>let's do</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>そや、せや</td>
<td>そうだ</td>
<td>yes</td>
</tr>
</table><br>
• Short vowels at the end of words are sometimes lengthened.
<table class="table alt-cell-color" style="margin:10px 0;">
<tr class="table-head">
<td style="width:30%">Kansai</td>
<td style="width:30%">Standard</td>
<td style="width:30%">English</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><ruby>手<rt>て</rt></ruby>え</td>
<td>手</td>
<td>hand</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><ruby>毛<rt>け</rt></ruby>え</td>
<td>毛</td>
<td>hair</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><ruby>蚊<rt>か</rt></ruby>あ</td>
<td>蚊</td>
<td>mosquito</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><ruby>木<rt>き</rt></ruby>い</td>
<td>木</td>
<td>tree</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><ruby>血<rt>ち</rt></ruby>い</td>
<td>血</td>
<td>blood</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><ruby>戸<rt>と</rt></ruby>お</td>
<td>戸</td>
<td>door</td>
</tr>
</table><br>
• Double consonants (denoted by っ) are often softened or replaced with a long vowel.
<table class="table alt-cell-color" style="margin:10px 0;">
<tr class="table-head">
<td style="width:30%">Kansai</td>
<td style="width:30%">Standard</td>
<td style="width:30%">English</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>つこうて、つこて</td>
<td><ruby>使<rt>つか</rt></ruby>って</td>
<td>use</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><ruby>買<rt>こ</rt></ruby>うた</td>
<td><ruby>買<rt>か</rt></ruby>った</td>
<td>bought</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>もろた、もうた</td>
<td>もらった</td>
<td>received</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>ゆうて</td>
<td><ruby>言<rt>い</rt></ruby>って</td>
<td>say</td>
</tr>
</table><br>
• The final vowel of words ending with two vowels, especially adjectives that end in -い, are dropped in informal conversations and the final sound is lengthened for emphasis. Stronger emphasis is indicated by longer sounds.
<table class="table alt-cell-color" style="margin:10px 0;">
<tr class="table-head">
<td style="width:30%">Emphasized</td>
<td style="width:30%">Kansai</td>
<td style="width:30%">English</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>しんど～</td>
<td>しんどい</td>
<td>tiring</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>おもろ～</td>
<td>おもろい</td>
<td>interesting</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>ごっつ～</td>
<td>ごっつい</td>
<td>very</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>あつ～</td>
<td><ruby>暑<rt>あつ</rt></ruby>い</td>
<td>hot</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>いた～</td>
<td><ruby>痛<rt>いた</rt></ruby>い</td>
<td>painful</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>くさ～</td>
<td><ruby>臭<rt>くさ</rt></ruby>い</td>
<td>smelly</td>
</tr>
</table><br>
• Although the level of formality depends on the person, place, and situation, in general the language in Kansai is less formal than in Tokyo. Typical conversations among Kinki people sound a notch less formal than those among Tokyoites, who consider this to be more an expression of bad manners than friendliness. Of course, there are large gradations in formality in Kansai-ben as well as in standard Japanese, and it is important to speak with the correct level of formality in each situation. Women tend to speak more politely and use more standard Japanese than men.<br><br>
• Kansai-ben speakers often repeat the same word twice. This is especially common when showing sympathy or relieving someone's anxiety.
<table class="table alt-cell-color" style="margin:10px 0;">
<tr>
<td style="width:50%;">かまへん、かまへん</td>
<td style="width:50%;">I don't mind at all.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>ちゃう、ちゃう</td>
<td>No, that's not right.</td>
</tr>
</table><br>
• Accentuation of words also differs, but it is difficult to give any rules other than to recommend listening to your neighbors instead of language tapes, especially as there are large variations even within Kansai. Here are some examples of how pronunciation in Kansai differs from Tokyo.<br>
The most often cited example is the homonym あめ, which can mean either rain 雨, or candy 飴. In Kansai, the word for rain is accented on the second syllable a-ME, and the word for candy is unaccented a-me. In Tokyo, the accentuation is on the first syllable A-me for rain and on the second syllable a-ME for candy. Here are a few more examples:
<table class="table alt-cell-color" style="margin:10px 0;">
<tr class="table-head">
<td style="width:20%">Kansai</td>
<td style="width:20%">Tokyo</td>
<td style="width:20%">Kanji</td>
<td style="width:20%">English</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>a-ME</td>
<td>A-me</td>
<td>雨</td>
<td>rain</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>a-me</td>
<td>a-ME</td>
<td>飴</td>
<td>candy</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>HA-shi</td>
<td>ha-shi</td>
<td>橋</td>
<td>bridge</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>ha-shi</td>
<td>HA-shi</td>
<td>箸</td>
<td>chopsticks</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>I-nu</td>
<td>i-NU</td>
<td>犬</td>
<td>dog</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>DE-n-sha</td>
<td>de-n-sha</td>
<td>電車</td>
<td>train</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>o-ha-YO-u</td>
<td>o-HA-YOU</td>
<td>お早う</td>
<td>good morning</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>FU-ku</td>
<td>fu-KU</td>
<td>服</td>
<td>clothes</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>KU-tsu</td>
<td>ku-TSU</td>
<td>靴</td>
<td>shoes</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>bu-SU</td>
<td>BU-su</td>
<td>ぶす</td>
<td>ugly</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>chu-U-ka</td>
<td>CHU-u-ka</td>
<td>中華</td>
<td>Chinese food</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>na-n-DE?</td>
<td>NA-n-de?</td>
<td>何で？</td>
<td>why?</td>
</tr>
</table><br>
Accentuation is, in general, much stronger in Kansai than in Tokyo, where pronunciation is basically flat. For example, <ruby>服<rt>ふく</rt></ruby> has a barely perceptible accent on the second syllable in Tokyo, so it is listed as fu-KU, but the accent on the first syllable in Kansai is relatively strong. This gives the speech in Kansai its more melodic, emotional tone as opposed to flat, monotonic Tokyo speech.
</div>
<br>
</div>
<h2 id="A" class="lesson-title">A</h2>
<div class="center"><button id="toggler-A" class="button section-toggler" onclick="CKJDict.toggle(this, 'A');"><i class="fa"></i>Show Section</button></div>
<div id="section-A" class="lesson-exercises">
<h3 id="A1" class="workbook-title" data-keywords="ahou、idiot、fool、stupid、foolish、馬鹿、ばか、バカ"><ruby>阿呆<rt>あほう</rt></ruby>、アホ <span class="page-data">p.18-19, 147; #1</span></h3>
<table class="table grammar-table">
<tr>
<td>意味</td>
<td>fool, stupid, foolish</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>標準語</td>
<td><ruby>馬鹿<rt>ばか</rt></ruby></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>説明</td>
<td>Although considered a part of standard Japanese, <ruby>阿呆<rt>あほう</rt></ruby>, or アホ, is used often only in Kansai. While it is sometimes written in kanji as 阿呆, pronounced あほう, the final vowel sound is often clipped off and it is usually written in katakana as アホ. Depending on the tone and particle used with アホ, the word can range in meaning from a playful way to say "no" to a fairly strong expletive. Women as well as men use this word, but women need to pay special attention to usage and tone in order to avoid sounding unladylike. Women usually avoid saying アホ directly to the person they are criticizing.<br>
<div class="columns-2 clear">
<div class="example">
なんでこの<ruby>本<rt>ほん</rt></ruby>の<ruby>一番<rt>いちばん</rt></ruby><ruby>最初<rt>さいしょ</rt></ruby>に、こんな<strong class="main-color">アホ</strong>な<ruby>言葉<rt>ことば</rt></ruby><ruby>入<rt>い</rt></ruby>れたん？<br>お<ruby>前<rt>まえ</rt></ruby>ら、<strong class="main-color">アホ</strong>やなあ。
</div>
<div class="example">
Why did you put such a <strong class="main-color">stupid</strong> word at the beginning of this book?<br>You guys are pretty <strong class="main-color">stupid</strong>.
</div>
</div>
お<ruby>前<rt>まえ</rt></ruby>ら is the plural of お前 (<a href="#R1">see word entry 43</a>) and is used by men to mean "you." (<a href="#Y1">See 15</a>)<br>
<div class="columns-2 clear">
<div class="example">
<div class="line">
<div class="name"><ruby>鈴木<rt>すずき</rt></ruby></div>
<div class="text"><ruby>今度<rt>こんど</rt></ruby>、あんたとこの<ruby>嫁<rt>よめ</rt></ruby>はんとデートさせてえや。</div>
</div>
<div class="line">
<div class="name"><ruby>本田<rt>ほんだ</rt></ruby></div>
<div class="text"><ruby>何<rt>なに</rt></ruby><strong class="main-color">アホ</strong>なこと<ruby>言<rt>ゆ</rt></ruby>うてんねん！</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="example">
<div class="line">
<div class="name">Suzuki</div>
<div class="text">Do you mind if I take your wife out on a date?</div>
</div>
<div class="line">
<div class="name">Honda</div>
<div class="text">Don't say such <strong class="main-color">stupid</strong> things!</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
-てえや is used when making requests in very casual situations and is conjugated to the -て form of the verb. -てえな has the same meaning. とこ is the Kansai version of <ruby>所<rt>ところ</rt></ruby>. (<a href="#T15">See 53</a>)<br>
<div class="columns-2 clear">
<div class="example">
<div class="line">
<div class="name"><ruby>枚方<rt>ひらかた</rt></ruby></div>
<div class="text"><ruby>今度<rt>こんど</rt></ruby>のボーナス30%カットやて！</div>
</div>
<div class="line">
<div class="name"><ruby>茨木<rt>いばらぎ</rt></ruby></div>
<div class="text">そんな<strong class="main-color">アホ</strong>な。<ruby>会社<rt>かいしゃ</rt></ruby><ruby>何<rt>なに</rt></ruby><ruby>考<rt>かんが</rt></ruby>えてんねん？</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="example">
<div class="line">
<div class="name">Hirakata</div>
<div class="text">We're getting a 30% cut in our next bonus!</div>
</div>
<div class="line">
<div class="name">Ibaragi</div>
<div class="text">How can they be so <strong class="main-color">stupid</strong>? What is this company thinking?</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<ruby>考<rt>かんが</rt></ruby>えてんねん is equivalent to 考えている. -てんねん is the Kansai version of -ている, the progressive verb (-ing form) conjugation. (<a href="#T11">See 45</a>)</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>会話</td>
<td>
<div class="columns-2 clear">
<div class="example">
<div class="line">
<div class="name"><ruby>正<rt>ただし</rt></ruby></div>
<div class="text">しげやん？</div>
</div>
<div class="line">
<div class="name"><ruby>茂<rt>しげる</rt></ruby></div>
<div class="text">ああ、<ruby>久<rt>ひさ</rt></ruby>しぶりやな。</div>
</div>
<div class="line">
<div class="name">正</div>
<div class="text"><ruby>今<rt>いま</rt></ruby>、<ruby>何<rt>なに</rt></ruby>してんねん？ファミコン？</div>
</div>
<div class="line">
<div class="name">茂</div>
<div class="text">ちゃう、ちゃう。今ビデオ<ruby>見<rt>み</rt></ruby>てんねん。</div>
</div>
<div class="line">
<div class="name">正</div>
<div class="text">すけべなやつやろ。</div>
</div>
<div class="line">
<div class="name">茂</div>
<div class="text"><strong class="main-color">アホ</strong>。<ruby>普通<rt>ふつう</rt></ruby>のやで。</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="example">
<div class="line">
<div class="name">Tadashi</div>
<div class="text">Shige?</div>
</div>
<div class="line">
<div class="name">Shigeru</div>
<div class="text">Hi. How have you been?</div>
</div>
<div class="line">
<div class="name">Tadashi</div>
<div class="text">What are you doing now? Video games?</div>
</div>
<div class="line">
<div class="name">Shigeru</div>
<div class="text">No, I'm watching a movie now.</div>
</div>
<div class="line">
<div class="name">Tadashi</div>
<div class="text">I'll bet it's a dirty movie.</div>
</div>
<div class="line">
<div class="name">Shigeru</div>
<div class="text">Don't be <strong class="main-color">stupid</strong>. It's a regular one.</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<br>
<h3 id="A2" class="workbook-title" data-keywords="あほ、あほくさ、ahokusa、stupid thing、馬鹿らしい、ばからしい、ばからしい、bakarashii">アホくさ <span class="page-data">p.147</span></h3>
<table class="table grammar-table">
<tr>
<td>意味</td>
<td>stupid thing</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>標準語</td>
<td><ruby>馬鹿<rt>ばか</rt></ruby>らしい</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>例文</td>
<td>
<div class="columns-2 clear">
<div class="example">
<strong class="main-color">アホくさ</strong>！<ruby>明日<rt>あした</rt></ruby>、<ruby>朝<rt>あさ</rt></ruby>7<ruby>時<rt>じ</rt></ruby>から<ruby>会議<rt>かいぎ</rt></ruby>やて。
</div>
<div class="example">
That's so <strong class="main-color">stupid</strong>! Holding a meeting at 7 in the morning tomorrow!
</div>
</div>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<br>
<h3 id="A3" class="workbook-title" data-keywords="akan、no good、bad、useless、impossible、駄目、だめ、ダメ">あかん <span class="page-data">p.20-23, 40, 147; #2</span></h3>
<table class="table grammar-table">
<tr>
<td>意味</td>
<td>no, no good, bad, useless, impossible, expletive</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>標準語</td>
<td><ruby>駄目<rt>だめ</rt></ruby></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>説明</td>
<td>
あかん is a very distinctive and easily recognizable feature fo the language spoken in Kansai. Although not vulgar, this word is considered to be somewhat impolite. あかん is probably a modified version of いかん, which is the clipped form of いけない, meaning "must not" or "cannot." あかん has many uses, both by itself and as a part of grammatical expressions. Its various meanings, somewhat similar to <ruby>駄目<rt>だめ</rt></ruby> in standard Japanese, are explained below.<br><br>
<strong class="main-color">(a)</strong> no! impossible!<br>
<div class="columns-2 clear">
<div class="example">
<div class="line">
<div class="name"><ruby>鈴木<rt>すずき</rt></ruby></div>
<div class="text"><ruby>一千万円<rt>いっせんまんえん</rt></ruby>、<ruby>貸<rt>か</rt></ruby>してくれへん？</div>
</div>
<div class="line">
<div class="name"><ruby>本田<rt>ほんだ</rt></ruby></div>
<div class="text"><strong class="main-color">あかん</strong>！</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="example">
<div class="line">
<div class="name">Suzuki</div>
<div class="text">Can you loan me 10 million yen?</div>
</div>
<div class="line">
<div class="name">Honda</div>
<div class="text"><strong class="main-color">NO</strong>!</div>
</div>
</div>
</div><br>
<strong class="main-color">(b)</strong> expletive<br>
<div class="columns-2 clear">
<div class="example">
<div class="line">
<div class="name"><ruby>三井<rt>みつい</rt></ruby></div>
<div class="text">あんたの<ruby>株<rt>かぶ</rt></ruby>、<ruby>半分<rt>はんぶん</rt></ruby>に<ruby>下<rt>さ</rt></ruby>がったで。</div>
</div>
<div class="line">
<div class="name"><ruby>伊藤<rt>いとう</rt></ruby></div>
<div class="text"><strong class="main-color">あかん</strong>！</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="example">
<div class="line">
<div class="name">Mitsui</div>
<div class="text">The value of your stock fell by half.</div>
</div>
<div class="line">
<div class="name">Itoh</div>
<div class="text"><strong class="main-color">DAMN IT</strong>!</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
In this case, although あかん is used as an expletive, it has more of a tone of regret than anger. あんた is an informal word for "you." It is a contracted form of あなた, but is much more informal. It is used by both men and women, as opposed to お前, which is a rougher word for "you" used only by men.<br>
<div class="columns-2 clear">
<div class="example">
<div class="line">
<div class="name">アナウンサー</div>
<div class="text"><ruby>阪神<rt>はんしん</rt></ruby>、ホームラン<ruby>打<rt>う</rt></ruby>たれました。</div>
</div>
<div class="line">
<div class="name">トラキチ</div>
<div class="text"><strong class="main-color">あかん</strong>！</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="example">
<div class="line">
<div class="name">Announcer</div>
<div class="text">A home run was hit off of Hanshin.</div>
</div>
<div class="line">
<div class="name">Torakichi</div>
<div class="text"><strong class="main-color">CRAP</strong>!</div>
</div>
</div>
</div><br>
<strong class="main-color">(c)</strong> no good, bad<br>
<div class="columns-2 clear">
<div class="example">
<div class="line">
<div class="name"><ruby>美香<rt>みか</rt></ruby></div>
<div class="text"><ruby>試験<rt>しけん</rt></ruby>どないやった？</div>
</div>
<div class="line">
<div class="name"><ruby>友子<rt>ともこ</rt></ruby></div>
<div class="text"><strong class="main-color">あかんかった</strong>わ。</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="example">
<div class="line">
<div class="name">Mika</div>
<div class="text">How was the test?</div>
</div>
<div class="line">
<div class="name">Tomoko</div>
<div class="text"><strong class="main-color">Miserable</strong>.</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
Tomoko obviously should have studied harder. どないやった means "how was it?" あかんかった is the past tense of あかん.<br><br>
<strong class="main-color">(d)</strong> don't do that!<br>
<div class="columns-2 clear">
<div class="example">
<div class="line">
<div class="name"><ruby>娘<rt>むすめ</rt></ruby></div>
<div class="text">ほな、<ruby>行<rt>い</rt></ruby>て<ruby>来<rt>く</rt></ruby>るわ。</div>
</div>
<div class="line">
<div class="name"><ruby>母<rt>はは</rt></ruby></div>
<div class="text"><strong class="main-color">あかん</strong>よ。</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="example">
<div class="line">
<div class="name">Daughter</div>
<div class="text">I'm going out now.</div>
</div>
<div class="line">
<div class="name">Mother</div>
<div class="text"><strong class="main-color">No you're not</strong>.</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
This usage is heard quite often when parents are telling their children what they are not allowed to do.<br>
<div class="columns-2 clear">
<div class="example">
<div class="line">
<div class="name"><ruby>健助<rt>けんすけ</rt></ruby></div>
<div class="text">この<ruby>豚<rt>ぶた</rt></ruby>マン、<ruby>食<rt>く</rt></ruby>ってええ？</div>
</div>
<div class="line">
<div class="name"><ruby>京太<rt>きょうた</rt></ruby></div>
<div class="text"><strong class="main-color">あかん</strong>で。</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="example">
<div class="line">
<div class="name">Kensuke</div>
<div class="text">Can I eat this pork roll?</div>
</div>
<div class="line">
<div class="name">Kyota</div>
<div class="text"><strong class="main-color">No</strong>!</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
Note that this example is typical of male speech only. Women use <ruby>食<rt>た</rt></ruby>べる instead of <ruby>食<rt>く</rt></ruby>う for the verb "to eat." あかん, especially followed by the particle で, sounds rough and in female speech would probably be followed by よ instead.<br>
The same conversation between two women might be as follows:<br>
<div class="example">
<div class="line">
<div class="name"><ruby>美香<rt>みか</rt></ruby></div>
<div class="text">その<ruby>豚<rt>ぶた</rt></ruby>マン<ruby>食<rt>た</rt></ruby>べてもええ？</div>
</div>
<div class="line">
<div class="name"><ruby>友子<rt>ともこ</rt></ruby></div>
<div class="text">あかんよ。</div>
</div>
</div>
あかんねん and あかんで are also often used to mean "no" or "you can't."<br><br>
<strong class="main-color">(e)</strong> must (used as a double negative)<br>
<div class="columns-2 clear">
<div class="example">
<ruby>新<rt>あたら</rt></ruby>しい<ruby>車<rt>くるま</rt></ruby>、<strong class="main-color"><ruby>買<rt>か</rt></ruby>わなあかん</strong>。
</div>
<div class="example">
I've <strong class="main-color">got to buy</strong> a new car.
</div>
</div>
<div class="columns-2 clear">
<div class="example">
<ruby>新聞<rt>しんぶん</rt></ruby><ruby><strong class="main-color">読<rt>よ</rt></ruby>まなあかん</ruby></strong>。
</div>
<div class="example">
I <strong class="main-color">have to read</strong> the newspaper.
</div>
</div>
In this usage, the verb is conjugated as the standard negative form (i.e., -ない) with the final -い sound clipped off and followed by あかん. This structure is identical in meaning to the -なければならない form, but is much more colloquial. する is usually conjugated as せなあかん.<br>
<div class="columns-2 clear">
<div class="example">
<ruby>仕事<rt>しごと</rt></ruby><strong class="main-color">せなあかん</strong>。
</div>
<div class="example">
I've <strong class="main-color">got to work</strong>.
</div>
</div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>会話</td>
<td>
1.<br>
<div class="columns-2 clear">
<div class="example">
<div class="line">
<div class="name"><ruby>友子<rt>ともこ</rt></ruby></div>
<div class="text"><ruby>何<rt>なに</rt></ruby>してんのん？</div>
</div>
<div class="line">
<div class="name"><ruby>美香<rt>みか</rt></ruby></div>
<div class="text"><ruby>宿題<rt>しゅくだい</rt></ruby>してんねん。</div>
</div>
<div class="line">
<div class="name">友子</div>
<div class="text">ほな、<ruby>今晩<rt>こんばん</rt></ruby>のパーティー<ruby>行<rt>い</rt></ruby>けへんのん？</div>
</div>
<div class="line">
<div class="name">美香</div>
<div class="text">行きたいねんけでどなあ…<strong class="main-color">あかん</strong>ねん。</div>
</div>
<div class="line">
<div class="name">友子</div>
<div class="text">ええやん、行こ。</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="example">
<div class="line">
<div class="name">Tomoko</div>
<div class="text">What are you doing?</div>
</div>
<div class="line">
<div class="name">Mika</div>
<div class="text">I'm doing my homework.</div>
</div>
<div class="line">
<div class="name">Tomoko</div>
<div class="text">Then I guess you won't be coming to the party tonight.</div>
</div>
<div class="line">
<div class="name">Mika</div>
<div class="text">I want to go, but... <strong class="main-color">No</strong>, I can't.</div>
</div>
<div class="line">
<div class="name">Tomoko</div>
<div class="text">Forget about the homework. Let's go!</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
2.<br>
<div class="columns-2 clear">
<div class="example">
<div class="line">
<div class="name"><ruby>平社員<rt>ひらしゃいん</rt></ruby></div>
<div class="text">部長、<ruby>明日<rt>あした</rt></ruby>おられますか？</div>
</div>
<div class="line">
<div class="name"><ruby>部長<rt>ぶちょう</rt></ruby></div>
<div class="text">
おる<ruby>思<rt>おも</rt></ruby>うけど、ちょっと<ruby>調<rt>しら</rt></ruby>べてみるわ。<br>
あっ、<strong class="main-color">あかん</strong>わ、明日おらへんわ。なんで？
</div>
</div>
<div class="line">
<div class="name">平社員</div>
<div class="text">あの、<ruby>高木<rt>たかぎ</rt></ruby>さん明日こっちに来るてゆうてはるんですけど。</div>
</div>
<div class="line">
<div class="name">部長</div>
<div class="text">
えっ？明日、高木も同じ会議に出るんやで。<br>
こっちには来られへんで。
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="example">
<div class="line">
<div class="name">Employee</div>
<div class="text">Will you be in tomorrow, sir?</div>
</div>
<div class="line">
<div class="name">Chief</div>
<div class="text">
I think so, but let me check.<br>
<strong class="main-color">No</strong>, I'll be out tomorrow. Why do you ask?
</div>
</div>
<div class="line">
<div class="name">Employee</div>
<div class="text">Well, Mr. Takagi says he's coming here tomorrow.</div>
</div>
<div class="line">
<div class="name">Chief</div>
<div class="text">
Huh? He's going to the same meeting as me.<br>
He won't be here.
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<br>
<h3 id="A4" class="workbook-title" data-keywords="akko、over there、あそこ、asoko">あっこ <span class="page-data">p.147</span></h3>
<table class="table grammar-table">
<tr>
<td>意味</td>
<td>over there</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>標準語</td>
<td>あそこ</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>例文</td>
<td>
<div class="columns-2 clear">
<div class="example">
うちとこ、<strong class="main-color">あっこ</strong>やねん。
</div>
<div class="example">