diff --git a/contracts/ExponentialNoError.sol b/contracts/ExponentialNoError.sol
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..82f5a7a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/contracts/ExponentialNoError.sol
@@ -0,0 +1,154 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: BSD-3-Clause
+pragma solidity 0.8.13;
+
+import { EXP_SCALE as EXP_SCALE_, MANTISSA_ONE as MANTISSA_ONE_ } from "./constants.sol";
+
+/**
+ * @title Exponential module for storing fixed-precision decimals
+ * @author Compound
+ * @notice Exp is a struct which stores decimals with a fixed precision of 18 decimal places.
+ *         Thus, if we wanted to store the 5.1, mantissa would store 5.1e18. That is:
+ *         `Exp({mantissa: 5100000000000000000})`.
+ */
+contract ExponentialNoError {
+    struct Exp {
+        uint256 mantissa;
+    }
+
+    struct Double {
+        uint256 mantissa;
+    }
+
+    uint256 internal constant EXP_SCALE = EXP_SCALE_;
+    uint256 internal constant DOUBLE_SCALE = 1e36;
+    uint256 internal constant HALF_EXP_SCALE = EXP_SCALE / 2;
+    uint256 internal constant MANTISSA_ONE = MANTISSA_ONE_;
+
+    /**
+     * @dev Truncates the given exp to a whole number value.
+     *      For example, truncate(Exp{mantissa: 15 * EXP_SCALE}) = 15
+     */
+    function truncate(Exp memory exp) internal pure returns (uint256) {
+        // Note: We are not using careful math here as we're performing a division that cannot fail
+        return exp.mantissa / EXP_SCALE;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @dev Multiply an Exp by a scalar, then truncate to return an unsigned integer.
+     */
+    // solhint-disable-next-line func-name-mixedcase
+    function mul_ScalarTruncate(Exp memory a, uint256 scalar) internal pure returns (uint256) {
+        Exp memory product = mul_(a, scalar);
+        return truncate(product);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @dev Multiply an Exp by a scalar, truncate, then add an to an unsigned integer, returning an unsigned integer.
+     */
+    // solhint-disable-next-line func-name-mixedcase
+    function mul_ScalarTruncateAddUInt(Exp memory a, uint256 scalar, uint256 addend) internal pure returns (uint256) {
+        Exp memory product = mul_(a, scalar);
+        return add_(truncate(product), addend);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @dev Checks if first Exp is less than second Exp.
+     */
+    function lessThanExp(Exp memory left, Exp memory right) internal pure returns (bool) {
+        return left.mantissa < right.mantissa;
+    }
+
+    function safe224(uint256 n, string memory errorMessage) internal pure returns (uint224) {
+        require(n <= type(uint224).max, errorMessage);
+        return uint224(n);
+    }
+
+    function safe32(uint256 n, string memory errorMessage) internal pure returns (uint32) {
+        require(n <= type(uint32).max, errorMessage);
+        return uint32(n);
+    }
+
+    function add_(Exp memory a, Exp memory b) internal pure returns (Exp memory) {
+        return Exp({ mantissa: add_(a.mantissa, b.mantissa) });
+    }
+
+    function add_(Double memory a, Double memory b) internal pure returns (Double memory) {
+        return Double({ mantissa: add_(a.mantissa, b.mantissa) });
+    }
+
+    function add_(uint256 a, uint256 b) internal pure returns (uint256) {
+        return a + b;
+    }
+
+    function sub_(Exp memory a, Exp memory b) internal pure returns (Exp memory) {
+        return Exp({ mantissa: sub_(a.mantissa, b.mantissa) });
+    }
+
+    function sub_(Double memory a, Double memory b) internal pure returns (Double memory) {
+        return Double({ mantissa: sub_(a.mantissa, b.mantissa) });
+    }
+
+    function sub_(uint256 a, uint256 b) internal pure returns (uint256) {
+        return a - b;
+    }
+
+    function mul_(Exp memory a, Exp memory b) internal pure returns (Exp memory) {
+        return Exp({ mantissa: mul_(a.mantissa, b.mantissa) / EXP_SCALE });
+    }
+
+    function mul_(Exp memory a, uint256 b) internal pure returns (Exp memory) {
+        return Exp({ mantissa: mul_(a.mantissa, b) });
+    }
+
+    function mul_(uint256 a, Exp memory b) internal pure returns (uint256) {
+        return mul_(a, b.mantissa) / EXP_SCALE;
+    }
+
+    function mul_(Double memory a, Double memory b) internal pure returns (Double memory) {
+        return Double({ mantissa: mul_(a.mantissa, b.mantissa) / DOUBLE_SCALE });
+    }
+
+    function mul_(Double memory a, uint256 b) internal pure returns (Double memory) {
+        return Double({ mantissa: mul_(a.mantissa, b) });
+    }
+
+    function mul_(uint256 a, Double memory b) internal pure returns (uint256) {
+        return mul_(a, b.mantissa) / DOUBLE_SCALE;
+    }
+
+    function mul_(uint256 a, uint256 b) internal pure returns (uint256) {
+        return a * b;
+    }
+
+    function div_(Exp memory a, Exp memory b) internal pure returns (Exp memory) {
+        return Exp({ mantissa: div_(mul_(a.mantissa, EXP_SCALE), b.mantissa) });
+    }
+
+    function div_(Exp memory a, uint256 b) internal pure returns (Exp memory) {
+        return Exp({ mantissa: div_(a.mantissa, b) });
+    }
+
+    function div_(uint256 a, Exp memory b) internal pure returns (uint256) {
+        return div_(mul_(a, EXP_SCALE), b.mantissa);
+    }
+
+    function div_(Double memory a, Double memory b) internal pure returns (Double memory) {
+        return Double({ mantissa: div_(mul_(a.mantissa, DOUBLE_SCALE), b.mantissa) });
+    }
+
+    function div_(Double memory a, uint256 b) internal pure returns (Double memory) {
+        return Double({ mantissa: div_(a.mantissa, b) });
+    }
+
+    function div_(uint256 a, Double memory b) internal pure returns (uint256) {
+        return div_(mul_(a, DOUBLE_SCALE), b.mantissa);
+    }
+
+    function div_(uint256 a, uint256 b) internal pure returns (uint256) {
+        return a / b;
+    }
+
+    function fraction(uint256 a, uint256 b) internal pure returns (Double memory) {
+        return Double({ mantissa: div_(mul_(a, DOUBLE_SCALE), b) });
+    }
+}
diff --git a/contracts/constants.sol b/contracts/constants.sol
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..9e6d9a5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/contracts/constants.sol
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: BSD-3-Clause
+pragma solidity 0.8.13;
+
+/// @dev Base unit for computations, usually used in scaling (multiplications, divisions)
+uint256 constant EXP_SCALE = 1e18;
+
+/// @dev A unit (literal one) in EXP_SCALE, usually used in additions/subtractions
+uint256 constant MANTISSA_ONE = EXP_SCALE;
diff --git a/contracts/validators.sol b/contracts/validators.sol
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..945c1ed
--- /dev/null
+++ b/contracts/validators.sol
@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: BSD-3-Clause
+pragma solidity 0.8.13;
+
+/// @notice Thrown if the supplied address is a zero address where it is not allowed
+error ZeroAddressNotAllowed();
+
+/// @notice Checks if the provided address is nonzero, reverts otherwise
+/// @param address_ Address to check
+/// @custom:error ZeroAddressNotAllowed is thrown if the provided address is a zero address
+function ensureNonzeroAddress(address address_) pure {
+    if (address_ == address(0)) {
+        revert ZeroAddressNotAllowed();
+    }
+}