Network Protocol Error caused by value parsing issues on protocol versions 1.19.4-1.20.6

[lrxmri35uord2olu]

General Information

ViaVersion dump url: https://dump.viaversion.com/5ca04c31622f90320cbabad8a4b2522abe62750e97cd37aea2bfe1210b5e9509
Relevant logs: https://mclo.gs/41Wg62n

Bug Description

Joining certain servers with protocol version set to 1.19.4-1.20.6 causes a Network Protocol Error, caused by something to do with parsing certain values (as I assume by looking at the logs).
Tested using Minecraft version 1.21.4.

Servers I have reproduced this on:

• 6b6t.org
• test.mioclient.me (1.21.1 testing server)

This probably happens on other servers too that I haven't tested yet.

Steps to Reproduce

1. Try to connect to one of the servers listed earlier
2. Get disconnected by a Network Protocol Error (or get stuck on Joining world... when using protocol versions 1.19.4-1.20.4)

Expected Behavior

I should not get disconnected when trying to join those servers on protocol versions 1.19.4-1.20.6.