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sagemath: sagemath is mathematical software with features covering many aspects of mathematics, including algebra, combinatorics, numerical mathematics, number theory, and calculus.
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john-the-ripper: John the Ripper is a fast password cracker. It is one of the most popular password testing and breaking programs as it combines a number of password crackers into one package, autodetects password hash types, and includes a customizable cracker.
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pycrypto: This is a collection of both secure hash functions (such as SHA256 and RIPEMD160), and various encryption algorithms (AES, DES, RSA, ElGamal, etc.). The package is structured to make adding new modules easy.
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openssl: OpenSSL is a general purpose cryptography library that provides an open source implementation of the Secure Sockets Layer (SSL) and Transport Layer Security (TLS) protocols.
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FeatherDuster: is a tool used for breaking crypto which tries to make the process of identifying and exploiting weak cryptosystems as easy as possible.
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Cipher Tools: Easy to use web-based text manipulation tools.