kernel-4.1.asm

;*****************start of the kernel code***************
[org 0x000]
[bits 16]

[SEGMENT .text]

;START #####################################################
	mov ax, 0x0100			;location where kernel is loaded
	mov ds, ax
	mov es, ax
    
	cli
	mov ss, ax			;stack segment
	mov sp, 0xFFFF			;stack pointer at 64k limit
	sti

	push dx
	push es
	xor ax, ax
	mov es, ax
	cli
	mov word [es:0x21*4], _int0x21	; setup interrupt service
	mov [es:0x21*4+2], cs
	sti
	pop es
	pop dx

	mov si, strWelcomeMsg		; load message
	mov al, 0x01			; request sub-service 0x01
	int 0x21

	call _shell			; call the shell
    
	int 0x19			; reboot
;END #######################################################

_int0x21:
	_int0x21_ser0x01:       ;service 0x01
	cmp al, 0x01            ;see if service 0x01 wanted
	jne _int0x21_end        ;goto next check (now it is end)
    
	_int0x21_ser0x01_start:
	lodsb                   ; load next character
	or  al, al              ; test for NUL character
	jz  _int0x21_ser0x01_end
	mov ah, 0x0E            ; BIOS teletype
	mov bh, 0x00            ; display page 0
	mov bl, 0x07            ; text attribute
	int 0x10                ; invoke BIOS
	jmp _int0x21_ser0x01_start
	_int0x21_ser0x01_end:
	jmp _int0x21_end

	_int0x21_end:
    	iret

_shell:
	_shell_begin:
	;move to next line
	call _display_endl

	;display prompt
	call _display_prompt

	;get user command
	call _get_command
	
	;split command into components
	call _split_cmd

	;check command & perform action

	; empty command
	_cmd_none:		
	mov si, strCmd0
	cmp BYTE [si], 0x00
	jne _cmd_ver		;next command
	jmp _cmd_done
	
	; display version
	_cmd_ver:		
	mov si, strCmd0
	mov di, cmdVer
	mov cx, 4
	repe	cmpsb
	jne	_cmd_info		;next command
	
	call _display_endl
	mov si, strOsName		;display version
	mov al, 0x01
	int 0x21
	call _display_space
	mov si, txtVersion		;display version
	mov al, 0x01
	int 0x21
	call _display_space

	mov si, strMajorVer		
	mov al, 0x01
	int 0x21
	mov si, strMinorVer
	mov al, 0x01
	int 0x21
	jmp _cmd_done
	
	; display hardware info
	_cmd_info:		
	mov si, strCmd0
	mov di, cmdInfo
	mov cx, 5
	repe	cmpsb
	jne	_cmd_exit		;next command
	
	call _display_endl
	call _display_hardware_info	;display Information
	jmp _cmd_done

	; exit shell
	_cmd_exit:		
	mov si, strCmd0
	mov di, cmdExit
	mov cx, 5
	repe	cmpsb
	jne	_cmd_unknown		;next command

	je _shell_end			;exit from shell

	_cmd_unknown:
	call _display_endl
	mov si, msgUnknownCmd		;unknown command
	mov al, 0x01
    int 0x21

	_cmd_done:

	;call _display_endl
	jmp _shell_begin
	
	_shell_end:
	ret

_get_command:
	;initiate count
	mov BYTE [cmdChrCnt], 0x00
	mov di, strUserCmd

	_get_cmd_start:
	mov ah, 0x10			;get character
	int 0x16

	cmp al, 0x00			;check if extended key
	je _extended_key
	cmp al, 0xE0			;check if new extended key
	je _extended_key

	cmp al, 0x08			;check if backspace pressed
	je _backspace_key

	cmp al, 0x0D			;check if Enter pressed
	je _enter_key

	mov bh, [cmdMaxLen]		;check if maxlen reached
	mov bl, [cmdChrCnt]
	cmp bh, bl
	je _get_cmd_start

	;add char to buffer, display it and start again
	mov [di], al			;add char to buffer
	inc di				;increment buffer pointer
	inc BYTE [cmdChrCnt]		;inc count

	mov ah, 0x0E			;display character
	mov bl, 0x07
	int 0x10
	jmp _get_cmd_start

	_extended_key:			;extended key - do nothing now
	jmp _get_cmd_start

	_backspace_key:
	mov bh, 0x00			;check if count = 0
	mov bl, [cmdChrCnt]
	cmp bh, bl
	je _get_cmd_start		;yes, do nothing
	
	dec BYTE [cmdChrCnt]		;dec count
	dec di

	;check if beginning of line
	mov ah, 0x03			;read cursor position
	mov bh, 0x00
	int 0x10

	cmp dl, 0x00
	jne	_move_back
	dec dh
	mov dl, 79
	mov ah, 0x02
	int 0x10

	mov ah, 0x09			; display without moving cursor
	mov al, ' '
    	mov bh, 0x00
	mov bl, 0x07
	mov cx, 1			; times to display
	int 0x10
	jmp _get_cmd_start

	_move_back:
	mov ah, 0x0E			; BIOS teletype acts on backspace!
	mov bh, 0x00
	mov bl, 0x07
	int 0x10
	mov ah, 0x09			; display without moving cursor
	mov al, ' '
	mov bh, 0x00
	mov bl, 0x07
	mov cx, 1			; times to display
	int 0x10
	jmp _get_cmd_start

	_enter_key:
	mov BYTE [di], 0x00
	ret

_split_cmd:
	;adjust si/di
	mov si, strUserCmd
	;mov di, strCmd0

	;move blanks
	_split_mb0_start:
	cmp BYTE [si], 0x20
	je _split_mb0_nb
	jmp _split_mb0_end

	_split_mb0_nb:
	inc si
	jmp _split_mb0_start

	_split_mb0_end:
	mov di, strCmd0

	_split_1_start:			;get first string
	cmp BYTE [si], 0x20
	je _split_1_end
	cmp BYTE [si], 0x00
	je _split_1_end
	mov al, [si]
	mov [di], al
	inc si
	inc di
	jmp _split_1_start

	_split_1_end:
	mov BYTE [di], 0x00

	;move blanks
	_split_mb1_start:
	cmp BYTE [si], 0x20
	je _split_mb1_nb
	jmp _split_mb1_end

	_split_mb1_nb:
	inc si
	jmp _split_mb1_start

	_split_mb1_end:
	mov di, strCmd1

	_split_2_start:			;get second string
	cmp BYTE [si], 0x20
	je _split_2_end
	cmp BYTE [si], 0x00
	je _split_2_end
	mov al, [si]
	mov [di], al
	inc si
	inc di
	jmp _split_2_start

	_split_2_end:
	mov BYTE [di], 0x00

	;move blanks
	_split_mb2_start:
	cmp BYTE [si], 0x20
	je _split_mb2_nb
	jmp _split_mb2_end

	_split_mb2_nb:
	inc si
	jmp _split_mb2_start

	_split_mb2_end:
	mov di, strCmd2

	_split_3_start:			;get third string
	cmp BYTE [si], 0x20
	je _split_3_end
	cmp BYTE [si], 0x00
	je _split_3_end
	mov al, [si]
	mov [di], al
	inc si
	inc di
	jmp _split_3_start

	_split_3_end:
	mov BYTE [di], 0x00

	;move blanks
	_split_mb3_start:
	cmp BYTE [si], 0x20
	je _split_mb3_nb
	jmp _split_mb3_end

	_split_mb3_nb:
	inc si
	jmp _split_mb3_start

	_split_mb3_end:
	mov di, strCmd3

	_split_4_start:			;get fourth string
	cmp BYTE [si], 0x20
	je _split_4_end
	cmp BYTE [si], 0x00
	je _split_4_end
	mov al, [si]
	mov [di], al
	inc si
	inc di
	jmp _split_4_start

	_split_4_end:
	mov BYTE [di], 0x00

	;move blanks
	_split_mb4_start:
	cmp BYTE [si], 0x20
	je _split_mb4_nb
	jmp _split_mb4_end

	_split_mb4_nb:
	inc si
	jmp _split_mb4_start

	_split_mb4_end:
	mov di, strCmd4

	_split_5_start:			;get last string
	cmp BYTE [si], 0x20
	je _split_5_end
	cmp BYTE [si], 0x00
	je _split_5_end
	mov al, [si]
	mov [di], al
	inc si
	inc di
	jmp _split_5_start

	_split_5_end:
	mov BYTE [di], 0x00

	ret

_display_space:
	mov ah, 0x0E                            ; BIOS teletype
	mov al, 0x20
	mov bh, 0x00                            ; display page 0
	mov bl, 0x07                            ; text attribute
	int 0x10                                ; invoke BIOS
	ret

_display_endl:
	mov ah, 0x0E		; BIOS teletype acts on newline!
	mov al, 0x0D
	mov bh, 0x00
	mov bl, 0x07
	int 0x10

	mov ah, 0x0E		; BIOS teletype acts on linefeed!
	mov al, 0x0A
	mov bh, 0x00
	mov bl, 0x07
	int 0x10
	ret

_display_prompt:
	mov si, strPrompt
	mov al, 0x01
	int 0x21
	ret
	
_display_hardware_info:			; Procedure for printing Hardware info
	
	push ax
	push bx
	push cx
	push dx
	push es
	push si

	call _display_endl
	mov si, strInfo		; Prints the command description
	mov al, 0x01
	int 0x21
	call _display_endl
	call _display_endl
	
	mov si, strmemory	; Prints base memory string
	mov al, 0x01
	int 0x21

	; Reading Base Memory -----------------------------------------------
	push ax
	push dx
	
	int 0x12		; call interrupt 12 to get base mem size
	mov dx,ax 
	mov [basemem] , ax
	call _print_dec		; display the number in decimal
	mov al, 0x6b
        mov ah, 0x0E            ; BIOS teletype acts on 'K' 
        mov bh, 0x00
        mov bl, 0x07
        int 0x10
	
	pop dx
	pop ax

	; Reading extended Memory
	call _display_endl
        mov si, strsmallextended
        mov al, 0x01
        int 0x21

	xor cx, cx		; Clear CX
	xor dx, dx		; clear DX
	mov ax, 0xE801
	int 0x15		; call interrupt 15h
	mov dx, ax		; save memory value in DX as the procedure argument
	mov [extmem1], ax
	call _print_dec		; print the decimal value in DX
	mov al, 0x6b
        mov ah, 0x0E            ; BIOS teletype acts on 'K'
        mov bh, 0x00
        mov bl, 0x07
        int 0x10

	xor cx, cx		; clear CX
        xor dx, dx		; clear DX
        mov ax, 0xE801
        int 0x15		; call interrupt 15h
	mov ax, dx		; save memory value in AX for division
	xor dx, dx
	mov si , 16
	div si			; divide AX value to get the number of MB
	mov dx, ax
	mov [extmem2], ax
	push dx			; save dx value

	call _display_endl
        mov si, strbigextended
        mov al, 0x01
        int 0x21
	
	pop dx			; retrieve DX for printing
	call _print_dec
	mov al, 0x4D
        mov ah, 0x0E            ; BIOS teletype acts on 'M'
        mov bh, 0x00
        mov bl, 0x07
        int 0x10

	call _display_endl
	mov si, strtotalmemory
	mov al, 0x01
	int 0x21

	; total memory = basemem + extmem1 + extmem2
	mov ax, [basemem]	
	add ax, [extmem1]	; ax = ax + extmem1
	shr ax, 10
	add ax, [extmem2]	; ax = ax + extmem2
	mov dx, ax
	call _print_dec
	mov al, 0x4D            
	mov ah, 0x0E            ; BIOS teletype acts on 'M'
	mov bh, 0x00
	mov bl, 0x07
	int 0x10



	;CPU Information --------------------------------------------------------------------------
	call _display_endl
	mov si, strCPUVendor
	mov al, 0x01
	int 0x21
	mov eax, 0x00000000 	; set eax register to get the vendor
	cpuid		 	
	mov eax, ebx		; prepare for string saving
	mov ebx, edx
	mov edx, 0x00
	mov si, strVendorID
	call _save_string

	mov si, strVendorID	 ;print string
	mov al, 0x01
	int 0x21

	call _display_endl
	mov si, strCPUdescription
	mov al, 0x01
	int 0x21

	mov eax, 0x80000000		; First check if CPU support this 
	cpuid
	cmp eax, 0x80000004
	jb _cpu_not_supported		; if not supported jump to function end
	mov eax, 0x80000002		; get first part of the brand
	mov si, strBrand
	cpuid
	call _save_string
	add si, 16
	mov eax, 0x80000003		; get second part of the brand
	cpuid
	call _save_string
	add si, 16
	mov eax, 0x80000004		; get third part of the brand
	cpuid
	call _save_string

	mov si, strBrand		; print the saved Brand string
	mov al, 0x01
	int 0x21
	jmp _hard_info 

	_cpu_not_supported:
	mov si, strNotSupported
	mov al, 0x01
	int 0x21
	;End of processor info


	; Number of Harddrives -------------------------------------------------------------
_hard_info:
	call _display_endl
	mov si, strhdnumber
        mov al, 0x01
        int 0x21

	mov ax,0040h             ; look at 0040:0075 for a number
	mov es,ax                ;
	mov dl,[es:0075h]        ; move the number into DL register
	add dl,30h		; add 48 to get ASCII value            
	mov al, dl
        mov ah, 0x0E            ; BIOS teletype acts on character 
        mov bh, 0x00
        mov bl, 0x07
        int 0x10

_serial_ports:
	call _display_endl
	mov si, strserialportnumber
	mov al, 0x01
	int 0x21

	mov ax, [es:0x10]
	shr ax, 9
	and ax, 0x0007
	add al, 30h
	mov ah, 0x0E            ; BIOS teletype acts on character
	mov bh, 0x00
	mov bl, 0x07
	int 0x10


	; Reading base I/O addresses
	;Base I/O address for serial port 1 (communications port 1 - COM 1)
	mov ax, [es:0000h]	; Read address for serial port 1
	cmp ax, 0
	je _end
	call _display_endl
	mov si, strserialport1
        mov al, 0x01
        int 0x21	

	mov dx, ax
	call _print_dec

_end:
	;Base I/O address for serial port 1 (communications port 1 - COM 1)	
	
	call _display_endl

	pop si
        pop es
        pop dx
        pop cx
        pop bx
        pop ax

	ret

_print_dec:
	push ax			; save AX
	push cx			; save CX
	push si			; save SI
	mov ax,dx		; copy number to AX
	mov si,10		; SI is used as the divisor
	xor cx,cx		; clear CX

_non_zero:

	xor dx,dx		; clear DX
	div si			; divide by 10
	push dx			; push number onto the stack
	inc cx			; increment CX to do it more times
	or ax,ax		; clear AX
	jne _non_zero		; if not go to _non_zero

_prepare_digits:

	pop dx			; get the digit from DX
	add dl,0x30		; add 30 to get the ASCII value
	call _print_char	; print char
	loop _prepare_digits	; loop till cx == 0

	pop si			; restore SI
	pop cx			; restore CX
	pop ax			; restore AX
	ret                      

_print_char:
	push ax			; save AX 
	mov al, dl
        mov ah, 0x0E		; BIOS teletype acts on printing char
        mov bh, 0x00
        mov bl, 0x07
        int 0x10

	pop ax			; restore AX
	ret

_save_string:
	mov dword [si], eax
	mov dword [si+4], ebx
	mov dword [si+8], ecx
	mov dword [si+12], edx
	ret


[SEGMENT .data]
	strWelcomeMsg		db	"Welcome to JOSH Ver 0.04", 0x00
	strPrompt		db	"JOSH>>", 0x00
	cmdMaxLen		db	255			;maximum length of commands

	strOsName		db	"JOSH", 0x00	;OS details
	strMajorVer		db	"0", 0x00
	strMinorVer		db	".04", 0x00

	cmdVer			db	"ver", 0x00		; internal commands
	cmdExit			db	"exit", 0x00
	cmdInfo			db	"info", 0x00		; Shows hardware information

	txtVersion		db	"version", 0x00	;messages and other strings
	msgUnknownCmd		db	"Unknown command or bad file name!", 0x00
	
	strInfo			db	"||---------------------- Hardware Information ----------------------|| ", 0x00
	strmemory		db	"Base Memory size: ", 0x00
	strsmallextended	db	"Extended memory between(1M - 16M): ", 0x00
	strbigextended		db      "Extended memory above 16M: ", 0x00
	strCPUVendor		db	"CPU Vendor : ", 0x00
	strCPUdescription	db	"CPU description: ", 0x00
	strNotSupported		db	"Not supported.", 0x00
	strhdnumber		db	"Number of hard drives: ",0x00
	strserialportnumber	db	"Number of serial ports: ", 0x00
	strserialport1		db	"Base I/O address for serial port 1 (communications port 1 - COM 1): ", 0x00
	strtotalmemory		db	"Total memory: ", 0x00

[SEGMENT .bss]
	strUserCmd	resb	256		;buffer for user commands
	cmdChrCnt	resb	1		;count of characters
	strCmd0		resb	256		;buffers for the command components
	strCmd1		resb	256
	strCmd2		resb	256
	strCmd3		resb	256
	strCmd4		resb	256
	strVendorID	resb	16
	strBrand	resb	48
	basemem		resb	2
	extmem1		resb	2
	extmem2		resb	2

;********************end of the kernel code********************