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Istio demo

Demonstration for the talk "What service mesh has to do with security ?"

Create Kind Cluster

# Create cluster
kind create cluster --name istio-demo

# Show clusters
kind get clusters

Install metallb

You will need the docker network cidr, to configure metallb. This is needed to create the istio ingress service load balancer

# Get docker cidr
docker network inspect -f '{{.IPAM.Config}}' kind

Edit charts/metallb/values.yaml

  addresses:
  - 172.19.255.200-172.19.255.250 # <---- CHANGE THIS IP POOL ADDRESS

Kubernetes Dashboard (optional)

token=$(kubectl -n kubernetes-dashboard create token admin-user)
kubectl proxy

Access The dashboard in and use the token you obtained from previous commands:

http://localhost:8001/api/v1/namespaces/kubernetes-dashboard/services/https:kubernetes-dashboard:/proxy/

Install istioctl

Download the istioctl curl -L https://istio.io/downloadIstio | sh -

# Install istio on cluster
istioctl install --set profile=demo -y

# Enable sidecar injection on default namespace
kubectl label namespace default istio-injection=enabled

# Test a request from pod ratings to productpage
kubectl exec "$(kubectl get pod -l app=ratings -o jsonpath='{.items[0].metadata.name}')" -c ratings -- curl -sS productpage:9080/productpage | grep -o "<title>.*</title>"

# Show more information from istio
istioctl analyze

Observability

istioctl dashboard kiali

istioctl dashboard grafana

istioctl dashboard jaeger

Deploy Apps

Tilt will provision almost everything you need in the cluster with this simple command

tilt up

Debug

# Show routes
istioctl proxy-config routes deploy/istio-ingressgateway.istio-system

# Individual route
istioctl proxy-config routes deploy/istio-ingressgateway.istio-system --name http.8080 -o json

istioctl proxy-config routes deploy/istio-ingressgateway.istio-system --name https.443.https.bookinfo-gateway.default -o json

Accessing from outside the cluster

Get the external-ip from the service

$ kubectl -n istio-system get svc istio-ingressgateway
NAME                   TYPE           CLUSTER-IP      EXTERNAL-IP      PORT(S)                                                                      AGE
istio-ingressgateway   LoadBalancer   10.96.185.168   172.18.255.200   15021:31481/TCP,80:32382/TCP,443:31965/TCP,31400:31904/TCP,15443:31016/TCP   7d4h

Configure the following domains with the external ip in your /etc/hosts

172.18.255.200 grafana.istio.local
172.18.255.200 kiali.istio.local
172.18.255.200 jaeger.istio.local
172.18.255.200 site.bookinfo.local
172.18.255.200 api.httpbin.local

Secure inbound traffic with SSL

#Interactive
openssl req -x509 -newkey rsa:4096 -keyout istio.key -out istio.crt -sha256 -days 365

# With Params
openssl req -x509 -newkey rsa:4096 -keyout istio.key -out istio.crt -sha256 -days 3650 -nodes -subj "/C=BR/ST=SP/L=Sao Paulo/O=alanyoshida/OU=security/CN=*.istio.local"

# With less params
openssl req -x509 -newkey rsa:4096 -sha256 -days 3650 -nodes -keyout istio.key -out istio.crt -subj "/CN=*.istio.local"

# Create tls secret
kubectl create -n istio-system secret tls istio-cert --key istio.key --cert istio.crt

# Test istio.local
curl --cacert ./istio.crt https://grafana.istio.local -v

# For bookinfo
openssl req -x509 -newkey rsa:4096 -sha256 -days 3650 -nodes -keyout bookinfo.key -out bookinfo.crt -subj "/CN=*.bookinfo.local"

# Create tls secret
kubectl create secret tls bookinfo-cert --key bookinfo.key --cert bookinfo.crt

# Test bookinfo.local
curl --cacert ./bookinfo.crt https://site.bookinfo.local/productpage -v

Securing Communication Within Istio

kubectl get peerauthentication --all-namespaces

Enable strict mTLS

You can lock down the secure access to all services in your Istio service mesh to require mTLS using a peer authentication policy.

kubectl apply -n istio-system -f - <<EOF
apiVersion: "security.istio.io/v1beta1"
kind: "PeerAuthentication"
metadata:
  name: "default"
spec:
  mtls:
    mode: STRICT
EOF
kubectl exec deploy/sleep -n default -- curl http://api.httpbin.local/

kubectl exec deploy/sleep -n no-istio -- curl http://site.bookinfo.local/productpage -v

# Certs used by istio for productpage
istioctl proxy-config secret deploy/productpage-v1

# The issuer
istioctl proxy-config secret deploy/productpage-v1 -o json | jq '[.dynamicActiveSecrets[] | select(.name == "default")][0].secret.tlsCertificate.certificateChain.inlineBytes' -r | base64 -d | openssl x509 -noout -text | grep 'Issuer' -A 1

# Check if is valid
istioctl proxy-config secret deploy/productpage-v1 -o json | jq '[.dynamicActiveSecrets[] | select(.name == "default")][0].secret.tlsCertificate.certificateChain.inlineBytes' -r | base64 -d | openssl x509 -noout -text | grep 'Validity' -A 2

# The identity of the client certificate
istioctl proxy-config secret deploy/productpage-v1 -o json | jq '[.dynamicActiveSecrets[] | select(.name == "default")][0].secret.tlsCertificate.certificateChain.inlineBytes' -r | base64 -d | openssl x509 -noout -text | grep 'Subject Alternative Name' -A 1

# The trust domain come from istio
kubectl get cm istio -n istio-system -o yaml | grep trustDomain -m 1

Authorization Policy

With the following policy:

spec:
 selector:
   matchLabels:
     app: httpbin
     version: v1
 action: ALLOW
 rules:
 - from:
   - source:
       principals: ["cluster.local/ns/default/sa/sleep"]
   to:
   - operation:
       methods: ["GET"]
# Get namespace labels
kubectl get ns --show-labels
# istio-injection=enabled

# Should fail, because does not have istio sidecar, and mtls is STRICT
kubectl exec deploy/sleep -n no-istio -- curl http://httpbin.default.svc.cluster.local:8000 -v | head

# Should work
kubectl exec deploy/sleep -n default -- curl http://httpbin.default.svc.cluster.local:8000 -v | head

# Shoud not work, because you dont have Authorization Policy
kubectl exec deploy/sleep -n no-permission -- curl http://httpbin.default.svc.cluster.local:8000 -v | head
# RBAC: access denied