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Essential Post-MVP Features

Some features are known to be essential and needed as soon as possible but aren't in the Minimum Viable Product (MVP). There is a much bigger list of features that will be added after these essential features.

Post-MVP features will be available under feature tests.

Threads

Provide low-level buildings blocks for pthreads-style shared memory: shared memory between threads, atomics and futexes (or synchronic).

New atomic memory operators, including loads/stores annotated with their atomic ordering property, will follow the C++11 memory model, similarly to the PNaCl atomic support and the SharedArrayBuffer proposal. Regular loads and stores will be bound by a happens-before relationship to atomic operators in the same thread of execution, which themselves synchronize-with atomics in other threads. Following these rules, regular load/store operators can still be elided, duplicated, and split up. This guarantees that data-race free code executes as if it were sequentially consistent. Even when there are data races, WebAssembly will ensure that the nondeterminism remains limited and local.

Modules can have thread-local variables that are disjoint from linear memory and can thus be represented efficiently by the engine.

Fixed-width SIMD

Support fixed-width SIMD vectors, initially only for 128-bit wide vectors as demonstrated in PNaCl's SIMD and SIMD.js.

SIMD adds new local types (e.g., f32x4) so it has to be part of the core semantics. SIMD operators (e.g., f32x4.add) could be either builtin operators (no different from i32.add) or exports of a builtin SIMD module.

Zero-cost Exception Handling

The WebAssembly MVP may support four no-exception modes for C++:

  • Compiler transforms throw to abort().
  • Compiler-enforced -fno-exceptions mode (note caveats).
  • Compiler conversion of exceptions to branching at all callsites.
  • In a Web environment exception handling can be emulated using JavaScript exception handling, which can provide correct semantics but isn't fast.

These modes are suboptimal for code bases which rely on C++ exception handling, but are perfectly acceptable for C code, or for C++ code which avoids exceptions. This doesn't prevent developers from using the C++ standard library: their code will function correctly (albeit slower at times) as long as it doesn't encounter exceptional cases.

Post-MVP, WebAssembly will gain support for developer access to stack unwinding, inspection, and limited manipulation. These are critical to supporting zero-cost exception handling by exposing low-level capabilities.

In turn, stack unwinding, inspection, and limited manipulation will be used to implement setjmp/longjmp. This can enable all of the defined behavior of setjmp/longjmp, namely unwinding the stack without calling C++ destructors. It does not, however, allow the undefined behavior case of jumping forward to a stack that was already unwound which is sometimes used to implement coroutines. Coroutine support is being considered separately.

Feature Testing

Post-MVP, some form of feature-testing will be required. We don't yet have the experience writing polyfills to know whether has_feature is the right primitive building block so we're not defining it (or something else) until we gain this experience. In the interim, it's possible to do a crude feature test (as people do in JavaScript) by just eval-ing WebAssembly code and catching validation errors.

See Feature test for a more detailed sketch.