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5.7。 ROC Ufuncs 和广义 Ufuncs

原文： http://numba.pydata.org/numba-doc/latest/roc/ufunc.html

此页面描述了类似 ROC ufunc 的对象。

为了支持 ROC 程序的编程模式，ROC Vectorize 和 GUVectorize 不能生成传统的 ufunc。相反，返回类似 ufunc 的对象。此对象是一个非常模拟但与常规 NumPy ufunc 不完全兼容的对象。 ROC ufunc 增加了对传递设备内阵列（已在 GPU 设备上）的支持，以减少 PCI-express 总线上的流量。它还接受<cite>流</cite>关键字以在异步模式下启动。

5.7.1。基本 ROC UFunc 示例

import math
from numba import vectorize
import numpy as np

@vectorize(['float32(float32, float32, float32)',
            'float64(float64, float64, float64)'],
           target='roc')
def roc_discriminant(a, b, c):
    return math.sqrt(b ** 2 - 4 * a * c)

N = 10000
dtype = np.float32

# prepare the input
A = np.array(np.random.sample(N), dtype=dtype)
B = np.array(np.random.sample(N) + 10, dtype=dtype)
C = np.array(np.random.sample(N), dtype=dtype)

D = roc_discriminant(A, B, C)

print(D)  # print result

5.7.2。从 ROC UFuncs 调用设备功能

所有 ROC ufunc 内核都能够调用其他 ROC 设备函数：

from numba import vectorize, roc

# define a device function
@roc.jit('float32(float32, float32, float32)', device=True)
def roc_device_fn(x, y, z):
    return x ** y / z

# define a ufunc that calls our device function
@vectorize(['float32(float32, float32, float32)'], target='roc')
def roc_ufunc(x, y, z):
    return roc_device_fn(x, y, z)

5.7.3。广义 ROC ufuncs

可以使用 ROC 在 GPU 上执行广义 ufunc，类似于 ROC ufunc 功能。这可以通过以下方式完成：

from numba import guvectorize

@guvectorize(['void(float32[:,:], float32[:,:], float32[:,:])'],
             '(m,n),(n,p)->(m,p)', target='roc')
def matmulcore(A, B, C):
    ...

也可以看看

矩阵乘法示例。

5.7.4。异步执行：一次一个块

将数据分区为块允许计算和内存传输重叠。这可以提高 ufunc 的吞吐量，并使您的 ufunc 能够处理大于 GPU 内存容量的数据。例如：

import math
from numba import vectorize, roc
import numpy as np

# the ufunc kernel
def discriminant(a, b, c):
    return math.sqrt(b ** 2 - 4 * a * c)

roc_discriminant = vectorize(['float32(float32, float32, float32)'],
                            target='roc')(discriminant)

N = int(1e+8)
dtype = np.float32

# prepare the input
A = np.array(np.random.sample(N), dtype=dtype)
B = np.array(np.random.sample(N) + 10, dtype=dtype)
C = np.array(np.random.sample(N), dtype=dtype)
D = np.zeros(A.shape, dtype=A.dtype)

# create a ROC stream
stream = roc.stream()

chunksize = 1e+6
chunkcount = N // chunksize

# partition numpy arrays into chunks
# no copying is performed
sA = np.split(A, chunkcount)
sB = np.split(B, chunkcount)
sC = np.split(C, chunkcount)
sD = np.split(D, chunkcount)

device_ptrs = []

# helper function, async requires operation on coarsegrain memory regions
def async_array(arr):
    coarse_arr = roc.coarsegrain_array(shape=arr.shape, dtype=arr.dtype)
    coarse_arr[:] = arr
    return coarse_arr

with stream.auto_synchronize():
    # every operation in this context with be launched asynchronously
    # by using the ROC stream

    dchunks = [] # holds the result chunks

    # for each chunk
    for a, b, c, d in zip(sA, sB, sC, sD):
        # create coarse grain arrays
        asyncA = async_array(a)
        asyncB = async_array(b)
        asyncC = async_array(c)
        asyncD = async_array(d)

        # transfer to device
        dA = roc.to_device(asyncA, stream=stream)
        dB = roc.to_device(asyncB, stream=stream)
        dC = roc.to_device(asyncC, stream=stream)
        dD = roc.to_device(asyncD, stream=stream, copy=False) # no copying

        # launch kernel
        roc_discriminant(dA, dB, dC, out=dD, stream=stream)

        # retrieve result
        dD.copy_to_host(asyncD, stream=stream)

        # store device pointers to prevent them from freeing before
        # the kernel is scheduled
        device_ptrs.extend([dA, dB, dC, dD])

        # store result reference
        dchunks.append(asyncD)

# put result chunks into the output array 'D'
for i, result in enumerate(dchunks):
    sD[i][:] = result[:]

# data is ready at this point inside D
print(D)