原文: http://numba.pydata.org/numba-doc/latest/roc/examples.html
以下是使用 HSA 内核的矩阵乘法的简单实现:
@roc.jit
def matmul(A, B, C):
i = roc.get_global_id(0)
j = roc.get_global_id(1)
if i >= C.shape[0] or j >= C.shape[1]:
return
tmp = 0
for k in range(A.shape[1]):
tmp += A[i, k] * B[k, j]
C[i, j] = tmp
这种实现很简单直观但性能很差,因为相同的矩阵元素将从设备内存中多次加载,这很慢(某些设备可能有透明的数据缓存,但它们可能不够大,不能一次保存整个输入)。
如果我们使用阻塞算法来减少对设备内存的访问,则会更快。 HSA 为组中的工作项提供快速共享内存,以协同计算任务。以下实现了使用共享内存的方形矩阵乘法的更快版本:
import numpy as np
from numba import roc
from numba import float32
from time import time as timer
blocksize = 16
gridsize = 16
@roc.jit('(float32[:,:], float32[:,:], float32[:,:])')
def matmulfast(A, B, C):
x = roc.get_global_id(0)
y = roc.get_global_id(1)
tx = roc.get_local_id(0)
ty = roc.get_local_id(1)
sA = roc.shared.array(shape=(blocksize, blocksize), dtype=float32)
sB = roc.shared.array(shape=(blocksize, blocksize), dtype=float32)
if x >= C.shape[0] or y >= C.shape[1]:
return
tmp = 0
for i in range(gridsize):
# preload
sA[tx, ty] = A[x, ty + i * blocksize]
sB[tx, ty] = B[tx + i * blocksize, y]
# wait for preload to end
roc.barrier(1)
# compute loop
for j in range(blocksize):
tmp += sA[tx, j] * sB[j, ty]
# wait for compute to end
roc.barrier(1)
C[x, y] = tmp
N = gridsize * blocksize
A = np.random.random((N, N)).astype(np.float32)
B = np.random.random((N, N)).astype(np.float32)
C = np.zeros_like(A)
griddim = gridsize, gridsize
blockdim = blocksize, blocksize
with roc.register(A, B, C):
ts = timer()
matmulfast[griddim, blockdim](A, B, C)
te = timer()
print("1st GPU time:", te - ts)
with roc.register(A, B, C):
ts = timer()
matmulfast[griddim, blockdim](A, B, C)
te = timer()
print("2nd GPU time:", te - ts)
ts = timer()
ans = np.dot(A, B)
te = timer()
print("CPU time:", te - ts)
np.testing.assert_allclose(ans, C, rtol=1e-5)
由于共享内存是有限的资源,因此代码会从输入数组一次预加载一个小块。然后,它调用 barrier()
等待所有线程完成预加载,然后再对共享内存进行计算。它在计算后再次同步,以确保所有线程在共享内存中完成数据,然后在下一次循环迭代中覆盖它。