Harden component override resolution against edge case re: editable installs and INSTALLED_APPS order

[jacobtylerwalls]

• your ordered arches applications are FOO, BAR, BAZ
• BAR and BAZ contain the component
• FOO and BAR are installed in site-pacakges, but BAZ is installed with -e, so it gets a linked_application_path

Expect: bar component is found
Actual: baz component is found, because we iterate like this:

check FOO in site packages
     check all editable paths for all applications

so we find baz before continuing the loop to fin bar in site-packages. Granted I haven't set this up with to actually test, just seemed this way from a code read.

Originally posted by @jacobtylerwalls in #11562 (comment)