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+---
+layout: page
+adr: "0011"
+title: Removal of default characterization rule
+status: proposed
+deciders: Sarah Romkey
+date: 2024-08-27
+---
+
+## Context and problem statement
+
+Archivematica is installed with default rules and commands for various
+preservation actions,including characterization, which can be altered by an
+administrator through the Format Policy Registry (FPR). In most cases, rules are
+set to run according to which format is ingested, but in the case of
+characterization, there has been a default, or a "fall back" rule, which is to
+run [FITS](https://projects.iq.harvard.edu/fits) if a more specific rule for
+that format doesn't exist. This ADR proposes to remove that default rule so that
+characterization is treated like other preservation actions.
+
+## Decision drivers
+
+* The primary decision driver is the maintenance of FITS itself and the lack of
+  a suitable replacement. FITS is a Java application and running it in a secure
+  way in the Archivematica environment has been a challenge.
+* Due to performance issues with FITS, it has been Artefactual System's
+  recommendation on installation to have the command disabled for some time now.
+  Therefore many Archivematica users are already not using FITS.
+* We have found that the approach of throwing a large, generalist tool at files
+  and see "what sticks" has not been the most useful approach. In short, it
+  results in a large quantity of metadata written to the AIP METS files which is
+  of limited utility
+  (see [Issue 703](https://github.com/archivematica/Issues/issues/703)for
+  discussion.)
+* Our primary concern in the FPR now is to make it more maintainable and
+  understandable. We are working toward a future state where changing rules,
+  adding tools, changing commands, etc, is easier and therefore users will be
+  better able to customize the FPR locally.
+* While the universe of open source digital preservation tools is expansive,
+  from consulting [COPTR](https://coptr.digipres.org/index.php/Tool_Functions)
+  there doesn't appear to be a clear replacement for FITS.
+  [Metadata extraction](https://coptr.digipres.org/index.php/Metadata_Extraction)
+  appears to be the closest equivalent to characterization and most of the tools
+  listed are best suited to specific file types. As per the point above, the
+  intention should be that Archivematica users are more easily able to install
+  and use these tools into the FPR should they so choose. This includes choosing
+  an alternate default characterization tool on a per-institution basis, which
+  is possible by altering the Default Characterization Rule in the FPR.
+
+## Considered options
+
+* Remove FITS from Archivematica codebase and do not replace
+* Remove FITS from Archivematica codebase and replace with a different
+  generalist characterization tool
+* Maintain the status quo
+
+## Decision outcome
+
+TBD
+
+## Links <!-- optional -->