Skip to content

Latest commit

 

History

History

AutoBenchmark

README.md

Auto Benchmark

Here are the results from AutoBenchmark.ino for various boards. These results show that integer division and modulus operations are incredibly slow on 8-bit AVR processors.

Version: AceTime v2.3.0

NOTE: This file was auto-generated using make README.md. DO NOT EDIT.

Dependencies

This program depends on the following libraries:

How to Generate

This requires the AUniter script to execute the Arduino IDE programmatically.

The Makefile has rules to generate the *.txt results file for several microcontrollers that I usually support, but the $ make benchmarks command does not work very well because the USB port of the microcontroller is a dynamically changing parameter. I created a semi-automated way of collect the *.txt files:

  1. Connect the microcontroller to the serial port. I usually do this through a USB hub with individually controlled switch.
  2. Type $ auniter ports to determine its /dev/ttyXXX port number (e.g. /dev/ttyUSB0 or /dev/ttyACM0).
  3. If the port is USB0 or ACM0, type $ make nano.txt, etc.
  4. Switch off the old microontroller.
  5. Go to Step 1 and repeat for each microcontroller.

The generate_table.awk program reads one of *.txt files and prints out an ASCII table that can be directly embedded into this README.md file. For example the following command produces the table in the Nano section below:

$ ./generate_table.awk < nano.txt

Fortunately, we no longer need to run generate_table.awk for each *.txt file. The process has been automated using the generate_readme.py script which will be invoked by the following command:

$ make README.md

The CPU times below are given in microseconds.

CPU Time Changes

v0.8 to v1.4:

  • The CPU time did not change much from

v1.5:

  • No significant changes to CPU time.
  • Zone registries (kZoneRegistry, kZoneAndLinkRegistry) are now sorted by zoneId instead of zoneName, and the ZoneManager::createForZoneId() will use a binary search, instead of a linear search. This makes it 10-15X faster for ~266 entries.
  • The ZoneManager::createForZoneName() also converts to a zoneId, then performs a binary search, instead of doing a binary search on the zoneName directly. Even with the extra level of indirection, the createForZoneName() is between 1.5-2X faster than the previous version.

v1.6:

  • BasicZoneManager and ExtendedZoneManager can take an optional LinkRegistry which will be searched if a zoneId is not found. The BasicZoneManager::createForZoneId(link) benchmark shows that if the zoneId is not found, the total search time is roughly double, because the LinkRegistry must be search as a fallback.
  • On some compilers, the BasicZoneManager::createForZoneName(binary) becames slightly slower (~10%?) because the algorithm was moved into the ace_common::binarySearchByKey() template function, and the compiler is not able to optimize the resulting function as well as the hand-rolled version. The slightly decrease in speed seemed acceptable cost to reduce duplicate code maintenance.

v1.7.2:

  • SystemClock::clockMillis() became non-virtual after incorporating AceRoutine v1.3. The sizeof SystemClockLoop and SystemClockCoroutine decreases 4 bytes on AVR, and 4-8 bytes on 32-bit processors. No signficant changes in CPU time.

v1.7.5:

  • significant changes to size of ExtendedZoneProcessor
    • 8-bit processors
      • increases by 24 bytes on AVR, due adding 1 pointer and 2 uint16_t to MatchingEra
      • decreases by 48 bytes on AVR, by disabling originalTransitionTime unless ACE_TIME_EXTENDED_ZONE_PROCESSOR_DEBUG is enabled.
    • 32-bit processors
      • increases by 32 bytes on 32-bit processors due to adding a pointer and 2 uint16_t to MatchingEra
      • decreases by 32 bytes on 32-bit processors due to disabling originalTransitionTime in Transition
  • Upgrade ESP8266 Core from 2.7.4 to 3.0.2.
    • AutoBenchmark indicate that things are a few percentage faster.

v1.8.0:

  • Remove sizeof() Clock classes which were moved to AceTimeClock library.
  • No significant changes to excution times of various benchmarks.

v1.9.0:

  • Extract BasicZoneProcessorCache<SIZE> and ExtendedZoneProcessorCache<SIZE> from BasicZoneManager and ExtendedZoneManager. Remove all pure virtual methods from ZoneManager, making ZoneManager hierarchy non-polymorphic.
    • Saves 1100-1300 of flash on AVR.
    • No signficant changes to CPU performance.

v1.10.0:

  • Remove support for SAMD21 boards.
    • Arduino IDE 1.8.19 with SparkFun SAMD 1.8.6 can no longer upload binaries to these boards. Something about bossac 1.7.0 not found.
  • Upgrade tool chain:
    • Arduino IDE from 1.8.13 to 1.8.19
    • Arduino AVR from 1.8.3 to 1.8.4
    • STM32duino from 2.0.0 to 2.2.0
    • ESP32 from 1.0.6 to 2.0.2
    • Teensyduino from 1.55 to 1.56
  • Add benchmarks for ZonedDateTime::forComponents().
  • Add support for fold parameter in LocalDateTime, OffsetDateTime, ZonedDateTime, and ExtendedZoneProcessor.
    • The ZonedDateTime::forComponents() can be made much faster using 'fold'.
    • We know exactly when we must normalize and when we can avoid normalization.
    • 5X faster on AVR processors when cached, and
    • 1.5-3X faster on 32-bit processors.

v1.11.0:

  • Upgrade ZoneInfo database so that Links are symbolic links to Zones, instead of hard links to Zones.
    • No significant changes to CPU benchmarks.

v1.11.5

  • Upgrade tool chain
    • Arduino CLI from 0.20.2 to 0.27.1
    • Arduino AVR Core from 1.8.4 to 1.8.5
    • STM32duino from 2.2.0 to 2.3.0
    • ESP32 Core from 2.0.2 to 2.0.5
    • Teensyduino from 1.56 to 1.57
  • Upgrade TZDB from 2022b to 2022d

v2.0

  • Use int16_t year fields.
  • Implement adjustable epoch year.
  • Upgrade to TZDB 2022f.
  • AVR:
    • sizeof(LocalDate) increases from 3 to 4
    • sizeof(BasicZoneProcessor) increases from 116 to 122
    • sizeof(ExtendedZoneProcessor) increases from 436 to 468
    • sizeof(TransitionStorage) increases from 340 to 364
    • ZonedDateTime::forEpochSeconds() slower by 5-10%
  • ESP8266
    • sizeof(LocalDate) increases from 3 to 4
    • sizeof(BasicZoneProcessor) remains at 164
    • sizeof(ExtendedZoneProcessor) increases from 540 to 588
    • sizeof(TransitionStorage) increases from 420 to 452
    • ZonedDateTime::forEpochSeconds() slower by 0-10%

v2.1.1

  • Upgrade to TZDB 2022g.
  • Add ZonedExtra.
  • Unify fat and symbolic links.
  • Not much difference in execution times, except:
    • ZonedDateTime::forComponents() using the BasicZoneProcessor becomes ~50% slower due to the extra work needed to resolve gaps and overlaps.
    • ZonedDateTime::forEpochSeconds() using BasicZoneProcessors remains unchanged.
    • ExtendedZoneProcessor is substantially faster on AVR processors. Maybe it should be recommended ove BasicZoneProcessor even on AVR.

v2.2.0

  • Upgrade tool chain
    • Arduino AVR from 1.8.5 to 1.8.6
    • STM32duino from 2.3.0 to 2.4.0
    • ESP8266 from 3.0.2 to 3.1.2 failed, reverted back to 3.0.2
    • ESP32 from 2.0.5 to 2.0.7
  • Add support for Seeed XIAO SAMD21
    • Seeeduino 1.8.3
  • Upgrade to TZDB 2023b

v2.2.2

  • Upgrade to TZDB 2023c

v2.2.3

  • Add support for Adafruit ItsyBitsy M4
    • Using Adafruit SAMD Boards 1.7.11
  • Remove Teensy 3.2
    • Nearing end of life. Moved to Tier 2 (should work).
  • Upgrade tool chain
    • Seeeduino SAMD Boards 1.8.4
    • STM32duino Boards 2.5.0
    • ESP32 Boards 2.0.9

v2.3.0

  • Add benchmarks for CompleteZoneProcessor and related classes
  • Replace labels of BasicZoneManager::createForXxx() with BasicZoneRegistrar::findIndexForXxx(), because those are the methods which are actually being tested.

Arduino Nano

  • 16MHz ATmega328P
  • Arduino IDE 1.8.19, Arduino CLI 0.33.0
  • Arduino AVR Boards 1.8.6
Sizes of Objects:
sizeof(LocalDate): 4
sizeof(LocalTime): 4
sizeof(LocalDateTime): 8
sizeof(TimeOffset): 4
sizeof(OffsetDateTime): 12
sizeof(TimeZone): 5
sizeof(TimeZoneData): 5
sizeof(ZonedDateTime): 17
sizeof(ZonedExtra): 24
sizeof(TimePeriod): 4
Basic:
  sizeof(basic::ZoneContext): 20
  sizeof(basic::ZoneEra): 11
  sizeof(basic::ZoneInfo): 13
  sizeof(basic::ZoneRule): 9
  sizeof(basic::ZonePolicy): 3
  sizeof(basic::ZoneRegistrar): 5
  sizeof(BasicZoneProcessor): 143
  sizeof(BasicZoneProcessorCache<1>): 147
  sizeof(BasicZoneManager): 7
  sizeof(BasicZoneProcessor::Transition): 26
Extended:
  sizeof(extended::ZoneContext): 20
  sizeof(extended::ZoneEra): 11
  sizeof(extended::ZoneInfo): 13
  sizeof(extended::ZoneRule): 9
  sizeof(extended::ZonePolicy): 3
  sizeof(extended::ZoneRegistrar): 5
  sizeof(ExtendedZoneProcessor): 553
  sizeof(ExtendedZoneProcessorCache<1>): 557
  sizeof(ExtendedZoneManager): 7
  sizeof(ExtendedZoneProcessor::Transition): 49
  sizeof(ExtendedZoneProcessor::TransitionStorage): 412
  sizeof(ExtendedZoneProcessor::MatchingEra): 32
Complete:
  sizeof(complete::ZoneContext): 20
  sizeof(complete::ZoneEra): 15
  sizeof(complete::ZoneInfo): 13
  sizeof(complete::ZoneRule): 12
  sizeof(complete::ZonePolicy): 3
  sizeof(complete::ZoneRegistrar): 5
  sizeof(CompleteZoneProcessor): 553
  sizeof(CompleteZoneProcessorCache<1>): 557
  sizeof(CompleteZoneManager): 7
  sizeof(CompleteZoneProcessor::Transition): 49
  sizeof(CompleteZoneProcessor::TransitionStorage): 412
  sizeof(CompleteZoneProcessor::MatchingEra): 32

CPU:
+--------------------------------------------------+----------+
| Method                                           |   micros |
|--------------------------------------------------+----------|
| EmptyLoop                                        |    5.000 |
|--------------------------------------------------+----------|
| LocalDate::forEpochDays()                        |  241.000 |
| LocalDate::toEpochDays()                         |   52.000 |
| LocalDate::dayOfWeek()                           |   49.000 |
|--------------------------------------------------+----------|
| OffsetDateTime::forEpochSeconds()                |  361.000 |
| OffsetDateTime::toEpochSeconds()                 |   78.000 |
|--------------------------------------------------+----------|
| ZonedDateTime::toEpochSeconds()                  |   75.000 |
| ZonedDateTime::toEpochDays()                     |   63.000 |
| ZonedDateTime::forEpochSeconds(UTC)              |  391.000 |
|--------------------------------------------------+----------|
| ZonedDateTime::forEpochSeconds(Basic_nocache)    | 1710.000 |
| ZonedDateTime::forEpochSeconds(Basic_cached)     |  707.000 |
| ZonedDateTime::forEpochSeconds(Extended_nocache) |   -1.000 |
| ZonedDateTime::forEpochSeconds(Extended_cached)  |   -1.000 |
| ZonedDateTime::forEpochSeconds(Complete_nocache) |   -1.000 |
| ZonedDateTime::forEpochSeconds(Complete_cached)  |   -1.000 |
|--------------------------------------------------+----------|
| ZonedDateTime::forComponents(Basic_nocache)      | 2252.000 |
| ZonedDateTime::forComponents(Basic_cached)       | 1254.000 |
| ZonedDateTime::forComponents(Extended_nocache)   |   -1.000 |
| ZonedDateTime::forComponents(Extended_cached)    |   -1.000 |
| ZonedDateTime::forComponents(Complete_nocache)   |   -1.000 |
| ZonedDateTime::forComponents(Complete_cached)    |   -1.000 |
|--------------------------------------------------+----------|
| ZonedExtra::forEpochSeconds(Basic_nocache)       | 1386.000 |
| ZonedExtra::forEpochSeconds(Basic_cached)        |  378.000 |
| ZonedExtra::forEpochSeconds(Extended_nocache)    |   -1.000 |
| ZonedExtra::forEpochSeconds(Extended_cached)     |   -1.000 |
| ZonedExtra::forEpochSeconds(Complete_nocache)    |   -1.000 |
| ZonedExtra::forEpochSeconds(Complete_cached)     |   -1.000 |
|--------------------------------------------------+----------|
| ZonedExtra::forComponents(Basic_nocache)         | 2276.000 |
| ZonedExtra::forComponents(Basic_cached)          | 1277.000 |
| ZonedExtra::forComponents(Extended_nocache)      |   -1.000 |
| ZonedExtra::forComponents(Extended_cached)       |   -1.000 |
| ZonedExtra::forComponents(Complete_nocache)      |   -1.000 |
| ZonedExtra::forComponents(Complete_cached)       |   -1.000 |
|--------------------------------------------------+----------|
| BasicZoneRegistrar::findIndexForName(binary)     |  118.000 |
| BasicZoneRegistrar::findIndexForIdBinary()       |   47.000 |
| BasicZoneRegistrar::findIndexForIdLinear()       |  299.000 |
|--------------------------------------------------+----------|
| ExtendedZoneRegistrar::findIndexForName(binary)  |   -1.000 |
| ExtendedZoneRegistrar::findIndexForIdBinary()    |   -1.000 |
| ExtendedZoneRegistrar::findIndexForIdLinear()    |   -1.000 |
|--------------------------------------------------+----------|
| CompleteZoneRegistrar::findIndexForName(binary)  |   -1.000 |
| CompleteZoneRegistrar::findIndexForIdBinary()    |   -1.000 |
| CompleteZoneRegistrar::findIndexForIdLinear()    |   -1.000 |
+--------------------------------------------------+----------+
Iterations_per_run: 1000

Sparkfun Pro Micro

  • 16 MHz ATmega32U4
  • Arduino IDE 1.8.19, Arduino CLI 0.33.0
  • SparkFun AVR Boards 1.1.13
Sizes of Objects:
sizeof(LocalDate): 4
sizeof(LocalTime): 4
sizeof(LocalDateTime): 8
sizeof(TimeOffset): 4
sizeof(OffsetDateTime): 12
sizeof(TimeZone): 5
sizeof(TimeZoneData): 5
sizeof(ZonedDateTime): 17
sizeof(ZonedExtra): 24
sizeof(TimePeriod): 4
Basic:
  sizeof(basic::ZoneContext): 20
  sizeof(basic::ZoneEra): 11
  sizeof(basic::ZoneInfo): 13
  sizeof(basic::ZoneRule): 9
  sizeof(basic::ZonePolicy): 3
  sizeof(basic::ZoneRegistrar): 5
  sizeof(BasicZoneProcessor): 143
  sizeof(BasicZoneProcessorCache<1>): 147
  sizeof(BasicZoneManager): 7
  sizeof(BasicZoneProcessor::Transition): 26
Extended:
  sizeof(extended::ZoneContext): 20
  sizeof(extended::ZoneEra): 11
  sizeof(extended::ZoneInfo): 13
  sizeof(extended::ZoneRule): 9
  sizeof(extended::ZonePolicy): 3
  sizeof(extended::ZoneRegistrar): 5
  sizeof(ExtendedZoneProcessor): 553
  sizeof(ExtendedZoneProcessorCache<1>): 557
  sizeof(ExtendedZoneManager): 7
  sizeof(ExtendedZoneProcessor::Transition): 49
  sizeof(ExtendedZoneProcessor::TransitionStorage): 412
  sizeof(ExtendedZoneProcessor::MatchingEra): 32
Complete:
  sizeof(complete::ZoneContext): 20
  sizeof(complete::ZoneEra): 15
  sizeof(complete::ZoneInfo): 13
  sizeof(complete::ZoneRule): 12
  sizeof(complete::ZonePolicy): 3
  sizeof(complete::ZoneRegistrar): 5
  sizeof(CompleteZoneProcessor): 553
  sizeof(CompleteZoneProcessorCache<1>): 557
  sizeof(CompleteZoneManager): 7
  sizeof(CompleteZoneProcessor::Transition): 49
  sizeof(CompleteZoneProcessor::TransitionStorage): 412
  sizeof(CompleteZoneProcessor::MatchingEra): 32

CPU:
+--------------------------------------------------+----------+
| Method                                           |   micros |
|--------------------------------------------------+----------|
| EmptyLoop                                        |    3.000 |
|--------------------------------------------------+----------|
| LocalDate::forEpochDays()                        |  246.000 |
| LocalDate::toEpochDays()                         |   51.000 |
| LocalDate::dayOfWeek()                           |   49.000 |
|--------------------------------------------------+----------|
| OffsetDateTime::forEpochSeconds()                |  366.000 |
| OffsetDateTime::toEpochSeconds()                 |   74.000 |
|--------------------------------------------------+----------|
| ZonedDateTime::toEpochSeconds()                  |   75.000 |
| ZonedDateTime::toEpochDays()                     |   65.000 |
| ZonedDateTime::forEpochSeconds(UTC)              |  396.000 |
|--------------------------------------------------+----------|
| ZonedDateTime::forEpochSeconds(Basic_nocache)    | 1721.000 |
| ZonedDateTime::forEpochSeconds(Basic_cached)     |  711.000 |
| ZonedDateTime::forEpochSeconds(Extended_nocache) |   -1.000 |
| ZonedDateTime::forEpochSeconds(Extended_cached)  |   -1.000 |
| ZonedDateTime::forEpochSeconds(Complete_nocache) |   -1.000 |
| ZonedDateTime::forEpochSeconds(Complete_cached)  |   -1.000 |
|--------------------------------------------------+----------|
| ZonedDateTime::forComponents(Basic_nocache)      | 2265.000 |
| ZonedDateTime::forComponents(Basic_cached)       | 1261.000 |
| ZonedDateTime::forComponents(Extended_nocache)   |   -1.000 |
| ZonedDateTime::forComponents(Extended_cached)    |   -1.000 |
| ZonedDateTime::forComponents(Complete_nocache)   |   -1.000 |
| ZonedDateTime::forComponents(Complete_cached)    |   -1.000 |
|--------------------------------------------------+----------|
| ZonedExtra::forEpochSeconds(Basic_nocache)       | 1395.000 |
| ZonedExtra::forEpochSeconds(Basic_cached)        |  382.000 |
| ZonedExtra::forEpochSeconds(Extended_nocache)    |   -1.000 |
| ZonedExtra::forEpochSeconds(Extended_cached)     |   -1.000 |
| ZonedExtra::forEpochSeconds(Complete_nocache)    |   -1.000 |
| ZonedExtra::forEpochSeconds(Complete_cached)     |   -1.000 |
|--------------------------------------------------+----------|
| ZonedExtra::forComponents(Basic_nocache)         | 2287.000 |
| ZonedExtra::forComponents(Basic_cached)          | 1286.000 |
| ZonedExtra::forComponents(Extended_nocache)      |   -1.000 |
| ZonedExtra::forComponents(Extended_cached)       |   -1.000 |
| ZonedExtra::forComponents(Complete_nocache)      |   -1.000 |
| ZonedExtra::forComponents(Complete_cached)       |   -1.000 |
|--------------------------------------------------+----------|
| BasicZoneRegistrar::findIndexForName(binary)     |  118.000 |
| BasicZoneRegistrar::findIndexForIdBinary()       |   46.000 |
| BasicZoneRegistrar::findIndexForIdLinear()       |  301.000 |
|--------------------------------------------------+----------|
| ExtendedZoneRegistrar::findIndexForName(binary)  |   -1.000 |
| ExtendedZoneRegistrar::findIndexForIdBinary()    |   -1.000 |
| ExtendedZoneRegistrar::findIndexForIdLinear()    |   -1.000 |
|--------------------------------------------------+----------|
| CompleteZoneRegistrar::findIndexForName(binary)  |   -1.000 |
| CompleteZoneRegistrar::findIndexForIdBinary()    |   -1.000 |
| CompleteZoneRegistrar::findIndexForIdLinear()    |   -1.000 |
+--------------------------------------------------+----------+
Iterations_per_run: 1000

Seeed Studio XIAO SAMD21

  • SAMD21, 48 MHz ARM Cortex-M0+
  • Arduino IDE 1.8.19, Arduino CLI 0.33.0
  • Seeeduino 1.8.4
Sizes of Objects:
sizeof(LocalDate): 4
sizeof(LocalTime): 4
sizeof(LocalDateTime): 8
sizeof(TimeOffset): 4
sizeof(OffsetDateTime): 12
sizeof(TimeZone): 12
sizeof(TimeZoneData): 8
sizeof(ZonedDateTime): 24
sizeof(ZonedExtra): 24
sizeof(TimePeriod): 4
Basic:
  sizeof(basic::ZoneContext): 28
  sizeof(basic::ZoneEra): 16
  sizeof(basic::ZoneInfo): 24
  sizeof(basic::ZoneRule): 9
  sizeof(basic::ZonePolicy): 8
  sizeof(basic::ZoneRegistrar): 8
  sizeof(BasicZoneProcessor): 208
  sizeof(BasicZoneProcessorCache<1>): 216
  sizeof(BasicZoneManager): 12
  sizeof(BasicZoneProcessor::Transition): 36
Extended:
  sizeof(extended::ZoneContext): 28
  sizeof(extended::ZoneEra): 16
  sizeof(extended::ZoneInfo): 24
  sizeof(extended::ZoneRule): 9
  sizeof(extended::ZonePolicy): 8
  sizeof(extended::ZoneRegistrar): 8
  sizeof(ExtendedZoneProcessor): 720
  sizeof(ExtendedZoneProcessorCache<1>): 728
  sizeof(ExtendedZoneManager): 12
  sizeof(ExtendedZoneProcessor::Transition): 60
  sizeof(ExtendedZoneProcessor::TransitionStorage): 516
  sizeof(ExtendedZoneProcessor::MatchingEra): 44
Complete:
  sizeof(complete::ZoneContext): 28
  sizeof(complete::ZoneEra): 20
  sizeof(complete::ZoneInfo): 24
  sizeof(complete::ZoneRule): 12
  sizeof(complete::ZonePolicy): 8
  sizeof(complete::ZoneRegistrar): 8
  sizeof(CompleteZoneProcessor): 720
  sizeof(CompleteZoneProcessorCache<1>): 728
  sizeof(CompleteZoneManager): 12
  sizeof(CompleteZoneProcessor::Transition): 60
  sizeof(CompleteZoneProcessor::TransitionStorage): 516
  sizeof(CompleteZoneProcessor::MatchingEra): 44

CPU:
+--------------------------------------------------+----------+
| Method                                           |   micros |
|--------------------------------------------------+----------|
| EmptyLoop                                        |    1.400 |
|--------------------------------------------------+----------|
| LocalDate::forEpochDays()                        |   11.600 |
| LocalDate::toEpochDays()                         |    4.200 |
| LocalDate::dayOfWeek()                           |    6.400 |
|--------------------------------------------------+----------|
| OffsetDateTime::forEpochSeconds()                |   19.800 |
| OffsetDateTime::toEpochSeconds()                 |   11.600 |
|--------------------------------------------------+----------|
| ZonedDateTime::toEpochSeconds()                  |   11.600 |
| ZonedDateTime::toEpochDays()                     |    9.400 |
| ZonedDateTime::forEpochSeconds(UTC)              |   23.400 |
|--------------------------------------------------+----------|
| ZonedDateTime::forEpochSeconds(Basic_nocache)    |  215.800 |
| ZonedDateTime::forEpochSeconds(Basic_cached)     |   45.800 |
| ZonedDateTime::forEpochSeconds(Extended_nocache) |  543.800 |
| ZonedDateTime::forEpochSeconds(Extended_cached)  |   57.000 |
| ZonedDateTime::forEpochSeconds(Complete_nocache) |  663.800 |
| ZonedDateTime::forEpochSeconds(Complete_cached)  |   56.800 |
|--------------------------------------------------+----------|
| ZonedDateTime::forComponents(Basic_nocache)      |  272.800 |
| ZonedDateTime::forComponents(Basic_cached)       |   95.000 |
| ZonedDateTime::forComponents(Extended_nocache)   |  413.400 |
| ZonedDateTime::forComponents(Extended_cached)    |   17.000 |
| ZonedDateTime::forComponents(Complete_nocache)   |  533.600 |
| ZonedDateTime::forComponents(Complete_cached)    |   16.800 |
|--------------------------------------------------+----------|
| ZonedExtra::forEpochSeconds(Basic_nocache)       |  197.400 |
| ZonedExtra::forEpochSeconds(Basic_cached)        |   27.400 |
| ZonedExtra::forEpochSeconds(Extended_nocache)    |  525.200 |
| ZonedExtra::forEpochSeconds(Extended_cached)     |   38.400 |
| ZonedExtra::forEpochSeconds(Complete_nocache)    |  644.800 |
| ZonedExtra::forEpochSeconds(Complete_cached)     |   38.400 |
|--------------------------------------------------+----------|
| ZonedExtra::forComponents(Basic_nocache)         |  276.000 |
| ZonedExtra::forComponents(Basic_cached)          |   98.200 |
| ZonedExtra::forComponents(Extended_nocache)      |  416.800 |
| ZonedExtra::forComponents(Extended_cached)       |   20.200 |
| ZonedExtra::forComponents(Complete_nocache)      |  536.800 |
| ZonedExtra::forComponents(Complete_cached)       |   20.000 |
|--------------------------------------------------+----------|
| BasicZoneRegistrar::findIndexForName(binary)     |   16.200 |
| BasicZoneRegistrar::findIndexForIdBinary()       |    4.200 |
| BasicZoneRegistrar::findIndexForIdLinear()       |   14.600 |
|--------------------------------------------------+----------|
| ExtendedZoneRegistrar::findIndexForName(binary)  |   16.600 |
| ExtendedZoneRegistrar::findIndexForIdBinary()    |    4.000 |
| ExtendedZoneRegistrar::findIndexForIdLinear()    |   14.200 |
|--------------------------------------------------+----------|
| CompleteZoneRegistrar::findIndexForName(binary)  |   16.400 |
| CompleteZoneRegistrar::findIndexForIdBinary()    |    4.400 |
| CompleteZoneRegistrar::findIndexForIdLinear()    |   14.600 |
+--------------------------------------------------+----------+
Iterations_per_run: 5000

STM32 Blue Pill

  • STM32F103C8, 72 MHz ARM Cortex-M3
  • Arduino IDE 1.8.19, Arduino CLI 0.33.0
  • STM32duino 2.5.0
Sizes of Objects:

CPU:
+--------------------------------------------------+----------+
| Method                                           |   micros |
|--------------------------------------------------+----------|
| EmptyLoop                                        |    1.200 |
|--------------------------------------------------+----------|
| LocalDate::forEpochDays()                        |    2.800 |
| LocalDate::toEpochDays()                         |    1.200 |
| LocalDate::dayOfWeek()                           |    1.800 |
|--------------------------------------------------+----------|
| OffsetDateTime::forEpochSeconds()                |    4.400 |
| OffsetDateTime::toEpochSeconds()                 |    4.600 |
|--------------------------------------------------+----------|
| ZonedDateTime::toEpochSeconds()                  |    4.400 |
| ZonedDateTime::toEpochDays()                     |    3.000 |
| ZonedDateTime::forEpochSeconds(UTC)              |    6.400 |
|--------------------------------------------------+----------|
| ZonedDateTime::forEpochSeconds(Basic_nocache)    |   91.000 |
| ZonedDateTime::forEpochSeconds(Basic_cached)     |   12.600 |
| ZonedDateTime::forEpochSeconds(Extended_nocache) |  239.400 |
| ZonedDateTime::forEpochSeconds(Extended_cached)  |   17.200 |
| ZonedDateTime::forEpochSeconds(Complete_nocache) |  298.000 |
| ZonedDateTime::forEpochSeconds(Complete_cached)  |   17.200 |
|--------------------------------------------------+----------|
| ZonedDateTime::forComponents(Basic_nocache)      |  112.800 |
| ZonedDateTime::forComponents(Basic_cached)       |   36.000 |
| ZonedDateTime::forComponents(Extended_nocache)   |  190.200 |
| ZonedDateTime::forComponents(Extended_cached)    |    7.800 |
| ZonedDateTime::forComponents(Complete_nocache)   |  248.800 |
| ZonedDateTime::forComponents(Complete_cached)    |    7.600 |
|--------------------------------------------------+----------|
| ZonedExtra::forEpochSeconds(Basic_nocache)       |   88.000 |
| ZonedExtra::forEpochSeconds(Basic_cached)        |    9.200 |
| ZonedExtra::forEpochSeconds(Extended_nocache)    |  236.000 |
| ZonedExtra::forEpochSeconds(Extended_cached)     |   13.600 |
| ZonedExtra::forEpochSeconds(Complete_nocache)    |  294.400 |
| ZonedExtra::forEpochSeconds(Complete_cached)     |   13.800 |
|--------------------------------------------------+----------|
| ZonedExtra::forComponents(Basic_nocache)         |  113.400 |
| ZonedExtra::forComponents(Basic_cached)          |   37.000 |
| ZonedExtra::forComponents(Extended_nocache)      |  191.000 |
| ZonedExtra::forComponents(Extended_cached)       |    8.600 |
| ZonedExtra::forComponents(Complete_nocache)      |  249.800 |
| ZonedExtra::forComponents(Complete_cached)       |    8.400 |
|--------------------------------------------------+----------|
| BasicZoneRegistrar::findIndexForName(binary)     |   13.800 |
| BasicZoneRegistrar::findIndexForIdBinary()       |    2.600 |
| BasicZoneRegistrar::findIndexForIdLinear()       |   17.000 |
|--------------------------------------------------+----------|
| ExtendedZoneRegistrar::findIndexForName(binary)  |   13.600 |
| ExtendedZoneRegistrar::findIndexForIdBinary()    |    2.200 |
| ExtendedZoneRegistrar::findIndexForIdLinear()    |   16.400 |
|--------------------------------------------------+----------|
| CompleteZoneRegistrar::findIndexForName(binary)  |   13.600 |
| CompleteZoneRegistrar::findIndexForIdBinary()    |    2.400 |
| CompleteZoneRegistrar::findIndexForIdLinear()    |   17.000 |
+--------------------------------------------------+----------+
Iterations_per_run: 5000

Adafruit ItsyBitsy M4 SAMD51

  • SAMD51, 120 MHz ARM Cortex-M4
  • Arduino IDE 1.8.19, Arduino CLI 0.33.0
  • Adafruit SAMD 1.7.11
Sizes of Objects:
sizeof(LocalDate): 4
sizeof(LocalTime): 4
sizeof(LocalDateTime): 8
sizeof(TimeOffset): 4
sizeof(OffsetDateTime): 12
sizeof(TimeZone): 12
sizeof(TimeZoneData): 8
sizeof(ZonedDateTime): 24
sizeof(ZonedExtra): 24
sizeof(TimePeriod): 4
Basic:
  sizeof(basic::ZoneContext): 28
  sizeof(basic::ZoneEra): 16
  sizeof(basic::ZoneInfo): 24
  sizeof(basic::ZoneRule): 9
  sizeof(basic::ZonePolicy): 8
  sizeof(basic::ZoneRegistrar): 8
  sizeof(BasicZoneProcessor): 208
  sizeof(BasicZoneProcessorCache<1>): 216
  sizeof(BasicZoneManager): 12
  sizeof(BasicZoneProcessor::Transition): 36
Extended:
  sizeof(extended::ZoneContext): 28
  sizeof(extended::ZoneEra): 16
  sizeof(extended::ZoneInfo): 24
  sizeof(extended::ZoneRule): 9
  sizeof(extended::ZonePolicy): 8
  sizeof(extended::ZoneRegistrar): 8
  sizeof(ExtendedZoneProcessor): 720
  sizeof(ExtendedZoneProcessorCache<1>): 728
  sizeof(ExtendedZoneManager): 12
  sizeof(ExtendedZoneProcessor::Transition): 60
  sizeof(ExtendedZoneProcessor::TransitionStorage): 516
  sizeof(ExtendedZoneProcessor::MatchingEra): 44
Complete:
  sizeof(complete::ZoneContext): 28
  sizeof(complete::ZoneEra): 20
  sizeof(complete::ZoneInfo): 24
  sizeof(complete::ZoneRule): 12
  sizeof(complete::ZonePolicy): 8
  sizeof(complete::ZoneRegistrar): 8
  sizeof(CompleteZoneProcessor): 720
  sizeof(CompleteZoneProcessorCache<1>): 728
  sizeof(CompleteZoneManager): 12
  sizeof(CompleteZoneProcessor::Transition): 60
  sizeof(CompleteZoneProcessor::TransitionStorage): 516
  sizeof(CompleteZoneProcessor::MatchingEra): 44

CPU:
+--------------------------------------------------+----------+
| Method                                           |   micros |
|--------------------------------------------------+----------|
| EmptyLoop                                        |    0.400 |
|--------------------------------------------------+----------|
| LocalDate::forEpochDays()                        |    1.400 |
| LocalDate::toEpochDays()                         |    0.800 |
| LocalDate::dayOfWeek()                           |    1.000 |
|--------------------------------------------------+----------|
| OffsetDateTime::forEpochSeconds()                |    2.000 |
| OffsetDateTime::toEpochSeconds()                 |    2.400 |
|--------------------------------------------------+----------|
| ZonedDateTime::toEpochSeconds()                  |    2.400 |
| ZonedDateTime::toEpochDays()                     |    1.800 |
| ZonedDateTime::forEpochSeconds(UTC)              |    3.200 |
|--------------------------------------------------+----------|
| ZonedDateTime::forEpochSeconds(Basic_nocache)    |   41.800 |
| ZonedDateTime::forEpochSeconds(Basic_cached)     |    6.200 |
| ZonedDateTime::forEpochSeconds(Extended_nocache) |  110.200 |
| ZonedDateTime::forEpochSeconds(Extended_cached)  |    8.400 |
| ZonedDateTime::forEpochSeconds(Complete_nocache) |  132.600 |
| ZonedDateTime::forEpochSeconds(Complete_cached)  |    8.000 |
|--------------------------------------------------+----------|
| ZonedDateTime::forComponents(Basic_nocache)      |   52.800 |
| ZonedDateTime::forComponents(Basic_cached)       |   17.800 |
| ZonedDateTime::forComponents(Extended_nocache)   |   89.200 |
| ZonedDateTime::forComponents(Extended_cached)    |    3.800 |
| ZonedDateTime::forComponents(Complete_nocache)   |  109.400 |
| ZonedDateTime::forComponents(Complete_cached)    |    3.600 |
|--------------------------------------------------+----------|
| ZonedExtra::forEpochSeconds(Basic_nocache)       |   39.800 |
| ZonedExtra::forEpochSeconds(Basic_cached)        |    4.200 |
| ZonedExtra::forEpochSeconds(Extended_nocache)    |  107.800 |
| ZonedExtra::forEpochSeconds(Extended_cached)     |    6.200 |
| ZonedExtra::forEpochSeconds(Complete_nocache)    |  129.400 |
| ZonedExtra::forEpochSeconds(Complete_cached)     |    6.200 |
|--------------------------------------------------+----------|
| ZonedExtra::forComponents(Basic_nocache)         |   53.000 |
| ZonedExtra::forComponents(Basic_cached)          |   18.000 |
| ZonedExtra::forComponents(Extended_nocache)      |   88.000 |
| ZonedExtra::forComponents(Extended_cached)       |    3.800 |
| ZonedExtra::forComponents(Complete_nocache)      |  108.800 |
| ZonedExtra::forComponents(Complete_cached)       |    4.000 |
|--------------------------------------------------+----------|
| BasicZoneRegistrar::findIndexForName(binary)     |    4.800 |
| BasicZoneRegistrar::findIndexForIdBinary()       |    1.200 |
| BasicZoneRegistrar::findIndexForIdLinear()       |    4.000 |
|--------------------------------------------------+----------|
| ExtendedZoneRegistrar::findIndexForName(binary)  |    4.600 |
| ExtendedZoneRegistrar::findIndexForIdBinary()    |    1.200 |
| ExtendedZoneRegistrar::findIndexForIdLinear()    |    3.800 |
|--------------------------------------------------+----------|
| CompleteZoneRegistrar::findIndexForName(binary)  |    5.000 |
| CompleteZoneRegistrar::findIndexForIdBinary()    |    1.400 |
| CompleteZoneRegistrar::findIndexForIdLinear()    |    4.200 |
+--------------------------------------------------+----------+
Iterations_per_run: 5000

ESP8266

  • NodeMCU 1.0 clone, 80MHz ESP8266
  • Arduino IDE 1.8.19, Arduino CLI 0.33.0
  • ESP8266 Boards 3.0.2
Sizes of Objects:
sizeof(LocalDate): 4
sizeof(LocalTime): 4
sizeof(LocalDateTime): 8
sizeof(TimeOffset): 4
sizeof(OffsetDateTime): 12
sizeof(TimeZone): 12
sizeof(TimeZoneData): 8
sizeof(ZonedDateTime): 24
sizeof(ZonedExtra): 24
sizeof(TimePeriod): 4
Basic:
  sizeof(basic::ZoneContext): 28
  sizeof(basic::ZoneEra): 16
  sizeof(basic::ZoneInfo): 24
  sizeof(basic::ZoneRule): 9
  sizeof(basic::ZonePolicy): 8
  sizeof(basic::ZoneRegistrar): 8
  sizeof(BasicZoneProcessor): 208
  sizeof(BasicZoneProcessorCache<1>): 216
  sizeof(BasicZoneManager): 12
  sizeof(BasicZoneProcessor::Transition): 36
Extended:
  sizeof(extended::ZoneContext): 28
  sizeof(extended::ZoneEra): 16
  sizeof(extended::ZoneInfo): 24
  sizeof(extended::ZoneRule): 9
  sizeof(extended::ZonePolicy): 8
  sizeof(extended::ZoneRegistrar): 8
  sizeof(ExtendedZoneProcessor): 720
  sizeof(ExtendedZoneProcessorCache<1>): 728
  sizeof(ExtendedZoneManager): 12
  sizeof(ExtendedZoneProcessor::Transition): 60
  sizeof(ExtendedZoneProcessor::TransitionStorage): 516
  sizeof(ExtendedZoneProcessor::MatchingEra): 44
Complete:
  sizeof(complete::ZoneContext): 28
  sizeof(complete::ZoneEra): 20
  sizeof(complete::ZoneInfo): 24
  sizeof(complete::ZoneRule): 12
  sizeof(complete::ZonePolicy): 8
  sizeof(complete::ZoneRegistrar): 8
  sizeof(CompleteZoneProcessor): 720
  sizeof(CompleteZoneProcessorCache<1>): 728
  sizeof(CompleteZoneManager): 12
  sizeof(CompleteZoneProcessor::Transition): 60
  sizeof(CompleteZoneProcessor::TransitionStorage): 516
  sizeof(CompleteZoneProcessor::MatchingEra): 44

CPU:
+--------------------------------------------------+----------+
| Method                                           |   micros |
|--------------------------------------------------+----------|
| EmptyLoop                                        |    4.500 |
|--------------------------------------------------+----------|
| LocalDate::forEpochDays()                        |    7.500 |
| LocalDate::toEpochDays()                         |    4.000 |
| LocalDate::dayOfWeek()                           |    3.500 |
|--------------------------------------------------+----------|
| OffsetDateTime::forEpochSeconds()                |   12.000 |
| OffsetDateTime::toEpochSeconds()                 |    7.000 |
|--------------------------------------------------+----------|
| ZonedDateTime::toEpochSeconds()                  |    6.500 |
| ZonedDateTime::toEpochDays()                     |    5.500 |
| ZonedDateTime::forEpochSeconds(UTC)              |   13.500 |
|--------------------------------------------------+----------|
| ZonedDateTime::forEpochSeconds(Basic_nocache)    |  141.500 |
| ZonedDateTime::forEpochSeconds(Basic_cached)     |   21.500 |
| ZonedDateTime::forEpochSeconds(Extended_nocache) |  354.500 |
| ZonedDateTime::forEpochSeconds(Extended_cached)  |   28.000 |
| ZonedDateTime::forEpochSeconds(Complete_nocache) |  407.000 |
| ZonedDateTime::forEpochSeconds(Complete_cached)  |   28.000 |
|--------------------------------------------------+----------|
| ZonedDateTime::forComponents(Basic_nocache)      |  159.000 |
| ZonedDateTime::forComponents(Basic_cached)       |   46.000 |
| ZonedDateTime::forComponents(Extended_nocache)   |  241.500 |
| ZonedDateTime::forComponents(Extended_cached)    |    2.500 |
| ZonedDateTime::forComponents(Complete_nocache)   |  354.000 |
| ZonedDateTime::forComponents(Complete_cached)    |    2.500 |
|--------------------------------------------------+----------|
| ZonedExtra::forEpochSeconds(Basic_nocache)       |  134.500 |
| ZonedExtra::forEpochSeconds(Basic_cached)        |   11.000 |
| ZonedExtra::forEpochSeconds(Extended_nocache)    |  308.000 |
| ZonedExtra::forEpochSeconds(Extended_cached)     |   18.000 |
| ZonedExtra::forEpochSeconds(Complete_nocache)    |  396.000 |
| ZonedExtra::forEpochSeconds(Complete_cached)     |   17.500 |
|--------------------------------------------------+----------|
| ZonedExtra::forComponents(Basic_nocache)         |  184.500 |
| ZonedExtra::forComponents(Basic_cached)          |   48.500 |
| ZonedExtra::forComponents(Extended_nocache)      |  268.000 |
| ZonedExtra::forComponents(Extended_cached)       |   29.000 |
| ZonedExtra::forComponents(Complete_nocache)      |  332.500 |
| ZonedExtra::forComponents(Complete_cached)       |    5.000 |
|--------------------------------------------------+----------|
| BasicZoneRegistrar::findIndexForName(binary)     |   18.000 |
| BasicZoneRegistrar::findIndexForIdBinary()       |    6.500 |
| BasicZoneRegistrar::findIndexForIdLinear()       |   43.000 |
|--------------------------------------------------+----------|
| ExtendedZoneRegistrar::findIndexForName(binary)  |   24.500 |
| ExtendedZoneRegistrar::findIndexForIdBinary()    |    6.000 |
| ExtendedZoneRegistrar::findIndexForIdLinear()    |   50.500 |
|--------------------------------------------------+----------|
| CompleteZoneRegistrar::findIndexForName(binary)  |   18.500 |
| CompleteZoneRegistrar::findIndexForIdBinary()    |    6.500 |
| CompleteZoneRegistrar::findIndexForIdLinear()    |   43.000 |
+--------------------------------------------------+----------+
Iterations_per_run: 2000

ESP32

  • ESP32-01 Dev Board, 240 MHz Tensilica LX6
  • Arduino IDE 1.8.19, Arduino CLI 0.33.0
  • ESP32 Boards 2.0.9
Sizes of Objects:
sizeof(LocalDate): 4
sizeof(LocalTime): 4
sizeof(LocalDateTime): 8
sizeof(TimeOffset): 4
sizeof(OffsetDateTime): 12
sizeof(TimeZone): 12
sizeof(TimeZoneData): 8
sizeof(ZonedDateTime): 24
sizeof(ZonedExtra): 24
sizeof(TimePeriod): 4
Basic:
  sizeof(basic::ZoneContext): 28
  sizeof(basic::ZoneEra): 16
  sizeof(basic::ZoneInfo): 24
  sizeof(basic::ZoneRule): 9
  sizeof(basic::ZonePolicy): 8
  sizeof(basic::ZoneRegistrar): 8
  sizeof(BasicZoneProcessor): 208
  sizeof(BasicZoneProcessorCache<1>): 216
  sizeof(BasicZoneManager): 12
  sizeof(BasicZoneProcessor::Transition): 36
Extended:
  sizeof(extended::ZoneContext): 28
  sizeof(extended::ZoneEra): 16
  sizeof(extended::ZoneInfo): 24
  sizeof(extended::ZoneRule): 9
  sizeof(extended::ZonePolicy): 8
  sizeof(extended::ZoneRegistrar): 8
  sizeof(ExtendedZoneProcessor): 720
  sizeof(ExtendedZoneProcessorCache<1>): 728
  sizeof(ExtendedZoneManager): 12
  sizeof(ExtendedZoneProcessor::Transition): 60
  sizeof(ExtendedZoneProcessor::TransitionStorage): 516
  sizeof(ExtendedZoneProcessor::MatchingEra): 44
Complete:
  sizeof(complete::ZoneContext): 28
  sizeof(complete::ZoneEra): 20
  sizeof(complete::ZoneInfo): 24
  sizeof(complete::ZoneRule): 12
  sizeof(complete::ZonePolicy): 8
  sizeof(complete::ZoneRegistrar): 8
  sizeof(CompleteZoneProcessor): 720
  sizeof(CompleteZoneProcessorCache<1>): 728
  sizeof(CompleteZoneManager): 12
  sizeof(CompleteZoneProcessor::Transition): 60
  sizeof(CompleteZoneProcessor::TransitionStorage): 516
  sizeof(CompleteZoneProcessor::MatchingEra): 44

CPU:
+--------------------------------------------------+----------+
| Method                                           |   micros |
|--------------------------------------------------+----------|
| EmptyLoop                                        |    1.200 |
|--------------------------------------------------+----------|
| LocalDate::forEpochDays()                        |    0.800 |
| LocalDate::toEpochDays()                         |    0.350 |
| LocalDate::dayOfWeek()                           |    0.400 |
|--------------------------------------------------+----------|
| OffsetDateTime::forEpochSeconds()                |    1.350 |
| OffsetDateTime::toEpochSeconds()                 |    1.500 |
|--------------------------------------------------+----------|
| ZonedDateTime::toEpochSeconds()                  |    1.350 |
| ZonedDateTime::toEpochDays()                     |    1.100 |
| ZonedDateTime::forEpochSeconds(UTC)              |    1.950 |
|--------------------------------------------------+----------|
| ZonedDateTime::forEpochSeconds(Basic_nocache)    |   23.100 |
| ZonedDateTime::forEpochSeconds(Basic_cached)     |    2.350 |
| ZonedDateTime::forEpochSeconds(Extended_nocache) |   65.000 |
| ZonedDateTime::forEpochSeconds(Extended_cached)  |    4.000 |
| ZonedDateTime::forEpochSeconds(Complete_nocache) |   74.500 |
| ZonedDateTime::forEpochSeconds(Complete_cached)  |    4.000 |
|--------------------------------------------------+----------|
| ZonedDateTime::forComponents(Basic_nocache)      |   29.250 |
| ZonedDateTime::forComponents(Basic_cached)       |    9.650 |
| ZonedDateTime::forComponents(Extended_nocache)   |   51.700 |
| ZonedDateTime::forComponents(Extended_cached)    |    1.050 |
| ZonedDateTime::forComponents(Complete_nocache)   |   61.400 |
| ZonedDateTime::forComponents(Complete_cached)    |    1.050 |
|--------------------------------------------------+----------|
| ZonedExtra::forEpochSeconds(Basic_nocache)       |   22.850 |
| ZonedExtra::forEpochSeconds(Basic_cached)        |    1.450 |
| ZonedExtra::forEpochSeconds(Extended_nocache)    |   63.900 |
| ZonedExtra::forEpochSeconds(Extended_cached)     |    2.900 |
| ZonedExtra::forEpochSeconds(Complete_nocache)    |   73.450 |
| ZonedExtra::forEpochSeconds(Complete_cached)     |    2.900 |
|--------------------------------------------------+----------|
| ZonedExtra::forComponents(Basic_nocache)         |   29.450 |
| ZonedExtra::forComponents(Basic_cached)          |    9.850 |
| ZonedExtra::forComponents(Extended_nocache)      |   51.850 |
| ZonedExtra::forComponents(Extended_cached)       |    1.200 |
| ZonedExtra::forComponents(Complete_nocache)      |   61.550 |
| ZonedExtra::forComponents(Complete_cached)       |    1.150 |
|--------------------------------------------------+----------|
| BasicZoneRegistrar::findIndexForName(binary)     |    3.050 |
| BasicZoneRegistrar::findIndexForIdBinary()       |    0.700 |
| BasicZoneRegistrar::findIndexForIdLinear()       |    2.850 |
|--------------------------------------------------+----------|
| ExtendedZoneRegistrar::findIndexForName(binary)  |    3.050 |
| ExtendedZoneRegistrar::findIndexForIdBinary()    |    0.700 |
| ExtendedZoneRegistrar::findIndexForIdLinear()    |    2.800 |
|--------------------------------------------------+----------|
| CompleteZoneRegistrar::findIndexForName(binary)  |    3.050 |
| CompleteZoneRegistrar::findIndexForIdBinary()    |    0.750 |
| CompleteZoneRegistrar::findIndexForIdLinear()    |    2.850 |
+--------------------------------------------------+----------+
Iterations_per_run: 20000

Note: Once the benchmark of the function under test becomes smaller than the duration of an empty loop, the numbers become unreliable.