diff --git a/python/cmusphinx/arpalm.py b/python/cmusphinx/arpalm.py
index ce217496..d41ac5e0 100644
--- a/python/cmusphinx/arpalm.py
+++ b/python/cmusphinx/arpalm.py
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ def tokenize():
                 for x in spam.strip().split():
                     yield x
         def fail(msg):
-            raise RuntimeError, msg
+            raise RuntimeError(msg)
         t = tokenize()
         if t.next() != '{':
             fail("Expected {")
@@ -143,7 +143,7 @@ def normalize(self):
         Normalize probabilities.
         """
         for c in self.classes:
-            t = sum(self.classes[c].itervalues())
+            t = sum(self.classes[c].values())
             if t != 0:
                 for w in self.classes[c]:
                     self.classes[c][w] /= t
@@ -228,7 +228,7 @@ def read(self, path):
         # Read unigrams and create word id list
         spam = fh.readline().rstrip()
         if spam != "\\1-grams:":
-            raise Exception, "1-grams marker not found"
+            raise Exception("1-grams marker not found")
         # ID to word mapping
         self.widmap = []
         wordid = 0
@@ -268,7 +268,7 @@ def read(self, path):
                     ng = tuple(spam[1:])
                     b = 0.0
                 else:
-                    raise RuntimeError, "Found %d-gram in %d-gram section" % (len(spam)-1, n)
+                    raise RuntimeError("Found %d-gram in %d-gram section" % (len(spam)-1, n))
                 # N-Gram info
                 self.ngrams[n-1][ngramid,:] = p, b
                 self.ngmap[n-1][ng] = ngramid
@@ -307,8 +307,7 @@ def save(self, path):
             fh.write("ngram %d=%d\n" % (n, self.ng_counts[n]))
         for n in range(1, self.n+1):
             fh.write("\n\\%d-grams:\n" % n)
-            ngrams = self.ngmap[n-1].keys()
-            ngrams.sort()
+            ngrams = sorted(self.ngmap[n-1].keys())
             if '<UNK>' in self.ngmap[n-1]:
                 ngid = self.ngmap[n-1]['<UNK>']
                 score, bowt = self.ngrams[n-1][ngid]
@@ -356,7 +355,7 @@ def mgrams(self, m):
         @return: Iterator over N-Grams
         @rtype: generator(NGram)
         """
-        for ng, ngid in self.ngmap[m].iteritems():
+        for ng, ngid in self.ngmap[m].items():
             if isinstance(ng, str):
                 ng = (ng,)
             yield self.NGram(ng, *self.ngrams[m][ngid,:])
@@ -418,7 +417,7 @@ def prob(self, *syms):
                 # Use <UNK>
                 return self.ngrams[0][self.ngmap[0]['<UNK>']][0]
             else:
-                raise IndexError, "Unknown unigram %s" % syms[0]
+                raise IndexError("Unknown unigram %s" % syms[0])
         else:
             # Forward N-gram (since syms is reversed)
             fsyms = tuple(reversed(syms))
@@ -478,7 +477,7 @@ def adapt_rescale(self, unigram, vocab=None):
             # Rescaled total probabilities
             newtprob = numpy.zeros(self.ngrams[n-1].shape[0], 'd')
             # For each N-gram, accumulate and rescale
-            for ng,idx in self.ngmap[n].iteritems():
+            for ng,idx in self.ngmap[n].items():
                 h = ng[0:-1]
                 if n == 1: # Quirk of unigrams
                     h = h[0]
@@ -491,7 +490,7 @@ def adapt_rescale(self, unigram, vocab=None):
                 self.ngrams[n][idx,0] = numpy.log(prob)
             # Now renormalize everything
             norm = tprob / newtprob
-            for ng,idx in self.ngmap[n].iteritems():
+            for ng,idx in self.ngmap[n].items():
                 h = ng[0:-1]
                 if n == 1: # Quirk of unigrams
                     h = h[0]
diff --git a/python/cmusphinx/cluster_mixw.py b/python/cmusphinx/cluster_mixw.py
index de0c3d85..c62f4c56 100644
--- a/python/cmusphinx/cluster_mixw.py
+++ b/python/cmusphinx/cluster_mixw.py
@@ -9,27 +9,27 @@
 # are met:
 #
 # 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
-#    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer. 
+#    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
 #
 # 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
 #    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in
 #    the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
 #    distribution.
 #
-# This work was supported in part by funding from the Defense Advanced 
-# Research Projects Agency and the National Science Foundation of the 
+# This work was supported in part by funding from the Defense Advanced
+# Research Projects Agency and the National Science Foundation of the
 # United States of America, and the CMU Sphinx Speech Consortium.
 #
-# THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY CARNEGIE MELLON UNIVERSITY ``AS IS'' AND 
-# ANY EXPRESSED OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, 
+# THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY CARNEGIE MELLON UNIVERSITY ``AS IS'' AND
+# ANY EXPRESSED OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO,
 # THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR
 # PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL CARNEGIE MELLON UNIVERSITY
 # NOR ITS EMPLOYEES BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
-# SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT 
-# LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, 
-# DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY 
-# THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT 
-# (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE 
+# SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+# LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+# DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+# THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+# (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
 # OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
 #
 # ====================================================================
@@ -93,14 +93,13 @@ def prunetree(tree, nleaves):
                 for branch in subtree:
                     subtree2, centroid2 = branch
                     newleafnodes.append((subtree2, centroid2))
-        print "Number of leafnodes", len(newleafnodes)
+        print("Number of leafnodes", len(newleafnodes))
         leafnodes = newleafnodes
     # Now flatten out the leafnodes to their component distributions
     for i, leaf in enumerate(leafnodes):
         subtree, centroid = leaf
-        senones = list(leaves(leaf))
         # Sort senones for each leafnode
-        senones.sort()
+        senones = sorted(leaves(leaf))
         leafnodes[i] = (senones, centroid)
     # Sort leafnodes by senone ID
     leafnodes.sort(lambda x,y: cmp(x[0][0],y[0][0]))
@@ -214,7 +213,7 @@ def cluster_merged(mixw, dfunc=multi_js):
             q = centroids[best]
             # Merge these two
             newcentroid = (p + q) * 0.5
-            print "Merging", i, best, dist[best], len(centroids)
+            print("Merging", i, best, dist[best], len(centroids))
             newtree = ((trees[i], p), (trees[best], q))
             centroids[i] = newcentroid
             trees[i] = newtree
@@ -287,12 +286,12 @@ def write_senmgau(outfile, tree, mixw, nclust):
         big = clusters[0]
         del clusters[0:1]
         clusters.extend((big[0][0], big[0][1]))
-    print "cluster sizes:", [len(leaves(x)) for x in clusters]
+    print("cluster sizes:", [len(leaves(x)) for x in clusters])
     mixwmap = numpy.zeros(len(mixw), 'int32')
     for i, c in enumerate(clusters):
         for mixwid in leaves(c):
             mixwmap[mixwid] = i
-    print "writing %d senone mappings" % len(mixwmap)
+    print("writing %d senone mappings" % len(mixwmap))
     s3senmgau.open(outfile, "wb").write_mapping(mixwmap)
 
 if __name__ == '__main__':
diff --git a/python/cmusphinx/cmllr.py b/python/cmusphinx/cmllr.py
index abe1da68..bb3a2cdc 100755
--- a/python/cmusphinx/cmllr.py
+++ b/python/cmusphinx/cmllr.py
@@ -51,7 +51,7 @@ def estimate_cmllr(stats, inmean, invar, mdef):
     cofact = np.zeros(ndim+1)
     # Beta
     B = 0
-    print 'Get statistics & sum it'
+    print('Get statistics & sum it')
     # CD only : just sum over all CD densities
     for j in range(mdef.n_ci_sen, inmean.n_mgau):
 #        print 'state = %i' % j
@@ -102,7 +102,7 @@ def estimate_cmllr(stats, inmean, invar, mdef):
             cofact = get_cofact(A,i)
             # Get alpha
             alpha  = get_alpha(Ginv,K[i],B,cofact)
-            print "alpha : %f" % alpha
+            print("alpha : %f" % alpha)
             W = np.zeros(ndim+1)
             tvec = alpha * cofact + K[i]
             W = np.dot(Ginv,tvec)
@@ -112,7 +112,7 @@ def estimate_cmllr(stats, inmean, invar, mdef):
                 A[i,:] = W[0:ndim]
                 bias[i] = W[ndim]
             else:
-                print 'NOT updating row %i, iter %i,( %f > %f )' % ( i , niter, like_old, like_new )
+                print('NOT updating row %i, iter %i,( %f > %f )' % ( i , niter, like_old, like_new ))
     #to preserve compatibility with write_mllr
     Wi = np.c_[bias,A]
     Ws.append(Wi)
@@ -142,7 +142,7 @@ def get_alpha(Ginv,K,B,cofact):
     d = b * b - 4 * a * c
     if ( d < 0 ) :
         #solutions must be real
-        print 'Warning : determinant < 0'
+        print('Warning : determinant < 0')
         d = 0
     d = math.sqrt(d)
     alpha1 = (- b + d ) / ( 2 * a )
diff --git a/python/cmusphinx/corpus.py b/python/cmusphinx/corpus.py
index f026d386..0d6d7680 100644
--- a/python/cmusphinx/corpus.py
+++ b/python/cmusphinx/corpus.py
@@ -125,12 +125,12 @@ def __init__(self, corpus, part=1, npart=1):
         if npart > 1:
             pass
         else:
-            for k, v in corpus.resources.iteritems():
+            for k, v in corpus.resources.items():
                 self.iters[k] = iter(v)
 
     def next(self):
         utt = {}
-        for k,v in self.iters.iteritems():
+        for k,v in self.iters.items():
             utt[k] = v.next()
         return utt
 
diff --git a/python/cmusphinx/dict_spd.py b/python/cmusphinx/dict_spd.py
index c501d139..11d81ea6 100755
--- a/python/cmusphinx/dict_spd.py
+++ b/python/cmusphinx/dict_spd.py
@@ -19,7 +19,7 @@
 
 if __name__ == "__main__":
     if len(sys.argv) < 3:
-        print>>sys.stderr, "Usage: %s INDICT FALIGNOUT [OUTDICT]" % sys.argv[0]
+        print("Usage: %s INDICT FALIGNOUT [OUTDICT]" % sys.argv[0], file=sys.stderr)
         sys.exit(1)
     indict = s3dict.open(sys.argv[1])
     counts = defaultdict(int)
@@ -37,7 +37,7 @@
     for w in words:
         alts = sum(1 for x in indict.alts(w))
         if alts == 1:
-            print>>outfh, "%s\t\t%s" % (w, " ".join(indict[w]))
+            print("%s\t\t%s" % (w, " ".join(indict[w])), file=outfh)
         else:
             bestalt = None
             bestcount = 0
@@ -50,7 +50,7 @@
                     bestcount = counts[wstr]
                     bestalt = wstr
             if bestalt == None:
-                print>>outfh, "%s\t\t%s" % (w, " ".join(indict[w]))
+                print("%s\t\t%s" % (w, " ".join(indict[w])), file=outfh)
             else:
-                print>>outfh, "%s\t\t%s" % (w, " ".join(indict[bestalt]))
+                print("%s\t\t%s" % (w, " ".join(indict[bestalt])), file=outfh)
 
diff --git a/python/cmusphinx/fstutils.py b/python/cmusphinx/fstutils.py
index 8bf02600..308a0850 100644
--- a/python/cmusphinx/fstutils.py
+++ b/python/cmusphinx/fstutils.py
@@ -158,7 +158,7 @@ def add_ngram_arcs(fst, symtab, lm, n, sidtab):
         while tuple(ng.words[spos:]) not in sidtab:
             spos += 1
             if spos == n:
-                raise RuntimeError, "Unable to find suffix N-gram for", ng.wids
+                raise RuntimeError("Unable to find suffix N-gram for").with_traceback(ng.wids)
         dest = sidtab[tuple(ng.words[spos:])]
         fst.AddArc(src, openfst.StdArc(wsym, wsym, -ng.log_prob, dest))
         #print "Adding %d-gram arc %d => %d %s/%.4f" % (n, src, dest, ng.words[n-1], -ng.log_prob)
@@ -270,7 +270,7 @@ def normalize(self):
         Normalize probabilities.
         """
         for c in self.classes:
-            t = sum(self.classes[c].itervalues())
+            t = sum(self.classes[c].values())
             if t != 0:
                 for w in self.classes[c]:
                     self.classes[c][w] /= t
@@ -300,7 +300,7 @@ def build_classfst(probdef, isyms=None):
         fst.AddArc(st, label, label, 0, st)
     for c in probdef.classes:
         clabel = symtab.AddSymbol(c)
-        for word, prob in probdef.classes[c].iteritems():
+        for word, prob in probdef.classes[c].items():
             wlabel = symtab.AddSymbol(word)
             fst.AddArc(st, wlabel, clabel, -math.log(prob), st)
     fst.SetOutputSymbols(symtab)
diff --git a/python/cmusphinx/htkmfc.py b/python/cmusphinx/htkmfc.py
index 81dcb33f..4f78071e 100644
--- a/python/cmusphinx/htkmfc.py
+++ b/python/cmusphinx/htkmfc.py
@@ -50,7 +50,7 @@ def open(f, mode=None, veclen=13):
     elif mode in ('w', 'wb'):
         return HTKFeat_write(f, veclen)
     else:
-        raise Exception, "mode must be 'r', 'rb', 'w', or 'wb'"
+        raise Exception("mode must be 'r', 'rb', 'w', or 'wb'")
 
 class HTKFeat_read(object):
     "Read HTK format feature files"
diff --git a/python/cmusphinx/lat2dot.py b/python/cmusphinx/lat2dot.py
index e793b6bb..85d826b2 100755
--- a/python/cmusphinx/lat2dot.py
+++ b/python/cmusphinx/lat2dot.py
@@ -19,12 +19,12 @@ def lattice_s3(latfile):
         items = line.strip().split(" ")
 	if mode == "node":
 	    if items[1] != "":
-		print items[0] + " [label = \"" + items[1] + " " + items[2] + " " + items[3] + " " + items[4] + "\"];"
+		print(items[0] + " [label = \"" + items[1] + " " + items[2] + " " + items[3] + " " + items[4] + "\"];")
 	    else:
-		print "node " + items[0] + ";"
+		print("node " + items[0] + ";")
         if mode == "edge":
-    	    print items[0] + " -> " + items[1] + " [label = \"" + items[2] + "\"];"
-    print "}"
+    	    print(items[0] + " -> " + items[1] + " [label = \"" + items[2] + "\"];")
+    print("}")
 
 def create_map(items):
     dct = {}
@@ -38,24 +38,24 @@ def lattice_htk_wordnode(latfile):
         items = line.strip().split()
 	if items[0].startswith("I="):
 	    dct = create_map(items)
-    	    if dct.has_key("W"):
-    		print dct["J"] + " [label = \"" + dct[W] + "\"];"
+    	    if "W" in dct:
+    		print(dct["J"] + " [label = \"" + dct[W] + "\"];")
         if items[0].startswith("J="):
 	    dct = create_map(items)
-    	    if dct.has_key("W"):
-        	print dct["S"] + " -> " + dct["E"] + " [label = \"" + dct["W"] + "," + dct["a"] + "," + dct["l"] + "\"];"
+    	    if "W" in dct:
+        	print(dct["S"] + " -> " + dct["E"] + " [label = \"" + dct["W"] + "," + dct["a"] + "," + dct["l"] + "\"];")
     	    else:
-        	print dct["S"] + " -> " + dct["E"] + " [label = \"" + dct["a"] + "," + dct["l"] + "\"];"
-    print "}"
+        	print(dct["S"] + " -> " + dct["E"] + " [label = \"" + dct["a"] + "," + dct["l"] + "\"];")
+    print("}")
 
 if __name__ == '__main__':
     latfilename = sys.argv[1]
     latfile = open(latfilename, "r")
 
-    print """
+    print("""
     digraph lattice {
 	rankdir=LR;
-    """
+    """)
 
     if latfilename.endswith("slf"):
 	lattice_htk_wordnode(latfile)
diff --git a/python/cmusphinx/lat2fsg.py b/python/cmusphinx/lat2fsg.py
index 2cdcfa97..cd1e79af 100644
--- a/python/cmusphinx/lat2fsg.py
+++ b/python/cmusphinx/lat2fsg.py
@@ -259,5 +259,5 @@ def lat2flat(latfile, fsgfile, lmfst):
     for spam in file(ctlfile):
         latfile = os.path.join(latdir, spam.strip() + ".slf")
         fsgfile = os.path.join(latdir, spam.strip() + opts.outext)
-        print spam,
+        print(spam, end=' ')
         ofst = lat2fsg_posterior(latfile, fsgfile, opts.prune, errfst)
diff --git a/python/cmusphinx/lat_rescore.py b/python/cmusphinx/lat_rescore.py
index f851d9b6..cdd8cd46 100644
--- a/python/cmusphinx/lat_rescore.py
+++ b/python/cmusphinx/lat_rescore.py
@@ -34,4 +34,4 @@ def lat_rescore(latfile, lmfst):
     for spam in file(ctlfile):
         latfile = os.path.join(latdir, spam.strip() + ".lat.gz")
         words, score = lat_rescore(latfile, lm)
-        print " ".join(words), "(%s %f)" % (spam.strip(), score)
+        print(" ".join(words), "(%s %f)" % (spam.strip(), score))
diff --git a/python/cmusphinx/lat_rescore_fst.py b/python/cmusphinx/lat_rescore_fst.py
index 3226bb8a..4580e0e5 100644
--- a/python/cmusphinx/lat_rescore_fst.py
+++ b/python/cmusphinx/lat_rescore_fst.py
@@ -77,4 +77,4 @@ def lat_rescore(dag, lmfst, lw=9.5):
             except IOError:
                 dag = lattice.Dag(htk_file=os.path.join(latdir, spam.strip() + ".slf"))
         words, score = lat_rescore(dag, lmfst, opts.lw)
-        print " ".join(words), "(%s %f)" % (spam.strip(), score)
+        print(" ".join(words), "(%s %f)" % (spam.strip(), score))
diff --git a/python/cmusphinx/lattice.py b/python/cmusphinx/lattice.py
index 7314abfa..825904db 100644
--- a/python/cmusphinx/lattice.py
+++ b/python/cmusphinx/lattice.py
@@ -258,7 +258,7 @@ def dag2htk(self, htkfile, lm=None):
         # Ensure some header fields are there
         if 'VERSION' not in self.header:
             self.header['VERSION'] = '1.0'
-        for k,v in self.header.iteritems():
+        for k,v in self.header.items():
             # Skip Sphinx stuff
             if k[0] == '-':
                 continue
@@ -309,7 +309,7 @@ def dag2fst(self, fstfile, symfile=None, altpron=False):
         fh.write("%d 0" % idmap[self.end])
         fh.close()
         if symfile:
-            for k, v in symmap.iteritems():
+            for k, v in symmap.items():
                 sfh.write("%s %d\n" % (k, v))
             sfh.close()
 
@@ -394,7 +394,7 @@ def dag2sphinx(self, outfile, logbase=1.0003):
                 fh = open(outfile, "w")
         fh.write("# getcwd: %s\n" % self.getcwd)
         fh.write("# -logbase %e\n" % logbase)
-        for arg, val in self.header.iteritems():
+        for arg, val in self.header.items():
             if arg != '-logbase':
                 fh.write("# %s %s\n" % (arg,val))
         fh.write("#\n")
diff --git a/python/cmusphinx/lattice_conv.py b/python/cmusphinx/lattice_conv.py
index 075d682b..9f8a2aa0 100755
--- a/python/cmusphinx/lattice_conv.py
+++ b/python/cmusphinx/lattice_conv.py
@@ -218,52 +218,51 @@ def write_lat(lm, filler, filelist, filecount, fileoffset, denlatdir, numlatdir,
         alignfile = "%s/%s.wdseg" % (numlatdir, fileid)
         latfile = "%s/%s.lat.gz" % (denlatdir, fileid)
 
-        print "process sent: %s" % fileid
+        print("process sent: %s" % fileid)
         
-        print "\t load numerator lattice %s ... " % alignfile
+        print("\t load numerator lattice %s ... " % alignfile)
         try:
             numlat = load_numlat(alignfile)
         except IOError:
-            print "\t can't open numerator lattice %s to read" % alignfile
+            print("\t can't open numerator lattice %s to read" % alignfile)
             continue
 
-        print "\t load denominator lattice %s ..." % latfile
+        print("\t load denominator lattice %s ..." % latfile)
         try:
             den_wordseg = load_denlat(latfile)
         except IOError:
-            print "\t can't open denominator lattice %s to read" % latfile
+            print("\t can't open denominator lattice %s to read" % latfile)
             continue
 
-        print "\t convert numerator lattice ..."
-        numkeys = numlat.keys()
-        numkeys.sort()
+        print("\t convert numerator lattice ...")
+        numkeys = sorted(numlat.keys())
         conv_numlat = conv_lat_format(numkeys, numlat, filler, lm)
 
-        print "\t convert denominator lattice ..."
-        denkeys = den_wordseg.keys()
+        print("\t convert denominator lattice ...")
+        denkeys = list(den_wordseg.keys())
         denkeys.sort()
         denlat = conv_lat_format(denkeys, den_wordseg, filler, lm)
 
-        print"\t add numerator lattice into denominator lattice ..."
+        print("\t add numerator lattice into denominator lattice ...")
         conv_denlat = add_numlat_into_denlat(conv_numlat, denlat)
 
         numlatfile = "%s/%s.numlat" % (outdir, fileid)
         denlatfile = "%s/%s.denlat" % (outdir, fileid)
 
-        print "\t write numerator lattice to %s ..." % numlatfile
+        print("\t write numerator lattice to %s ..." % numlatfile)
         try:
             output_lattice(conv_numlat, len(conv_numlat), numlatfile)
         except IOErro:
-            print "\t can't write numerator lattice to %s" % numlatfile
+            print("\t can't write numerator lattice to %s" % numlatfile)
             continue
 
-        print "\t write denominator lattice to %s ...\n" % denlatfile
+        print("\t write denominator lattice to %s ...\n" % denlatfile)
         try:
             output_lattice(conv_denlat, len(conv_numlat), denlatfile)
         except IOError:
-            print "\t can't write denominator lattice to %s" % denlatfile
+            print("\t can't write denominator lattice to %s" % denlatfile)
 
-    print "ALL DONE\n"
+    print("ALL DONE\n")
 
 
 
@@ -276,7 +275,7 @@ def write_lat(lm, filler, filelist, filecount, fileoffset, denlatdir, numlatdir,
     command = ''
     for argv in sys.argv:
         command += argv + ' '
-    print "%s\n" % command
+    print("%s\n" % command)
     
     lmfile, fillerfile, filelist, filecount, fileoffset, denlatdir, numlatdir, outdir = sys.argv[1:]
 
diff --git a/python/cmusphinx/lattice_error.py b/python/cmusphinx/lattice_error.py
index 9a2c71d8..b8180fba 100644
--- a/python/cmusphinx/lattice_error.py
+++ b/python/cmusphinx/lattice_error.py
@@ -34,14 +34,14 @@
         l.posterior_prune(-prune)
     err, bt = l.minimum_error(r)
     maxlen = [max([len(y) for y in x]) for x in bt]
-    print " ".join(["%*s" % (m, x[0]) for m, x in izip(maxlen, bt)])
-    print " ".join(["%*s" % (m, x[1]) for m, x in izip(maxlen, bt)])
+    print(" ".join(["%*s" % (m, x[0]) for m, x in izip(maxlen, bt)]))
+    print(" ".join(["%*s" % (m, x[1]) for m, x in izip(maxlen, bt)]))
     if nw:
-        print "Error: %.2f%%" % (float(err) / nw * 100)
+        print("Error: %.2f%%" % (float(err) / nw * 100))
     else:
-        print "Error: %.2f%%" % 0
-    print
+        print("Error: %.2f%%" % 0)
+    print()
     wordcount += nw
     errcount += err
 
-print "TOTAL Error: %.2f%%" % (float(errcount) / wordcount * 100)
+print("TOTAL Error: %.2f%%" % (float(errcount) / wordcount * 100))
diff --git a/python/cmusphinx/lattice_error_fst.py b/python/cmusphinx/lattice_error_fst.py
index 2a90ac42..1f45576f 100644
--- a/python/cmusphinx/lattice_error_fst.py
+++ b/python/cmusphinx/lattice_error_fst.py
@@ -165,14 +165,14 @@ def __init__(self, isyms, osyms):
         nwords = len(r) - 2
         refid = '(%s)' % refid
         c = '(%s)' % c
-        print " ".join(["%*s" % (m, x[0]) for m, x in izip(maxlen, bt)]), refid
-        print " ".join(["%*s" % (m, x[1]) for m, x in izip(maxlen, bt)]), c
+        print(" ".join(["%*s" % (m, x[0]) for m, x in izip(maxlen, bt)]), refid)
+        print(" ".join(["%*s" % (m, x[1]) for m, x in izip(maxlen, bt)]), c)
         if nwords:
-            print "Error: %.2f%%" % (float(err) / nwords * 100)
+            print("Error: %.2f%%" % (float(err) / nwords * 100))
         else:
-            print "Error: %.2f%%" % (float(err) * 100)
-        print
+            print("Error: %.2f%%" % (float(err) * 100))
+        print()
         wordcount += nwords
         errcount += err
 
-    print "TOTAL Error: %.2f%%" % (float(errcount) / wordcount * 100)
+    print("TOTAL Error: %.2f%%" % (float(errcount) / wordcount * 100))
diff --git a/python/cmusphinx/lattice_prune.py b/python/cmusphinx/lattice_prune.py
index 307dd758..b5a943f6 100755
--- a/python/cmusphinx/lattice_prune.py
+++ b/python/cmusphinx/lattice_prune.py
@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@
     command = ''
     for argv in sys.argv:
         command += argv + ' '
-    print "%s\n" % command
+    print("%s\n" % command)
 
     abeam, nbeam, lw, lmfile, denlatdir, pruned_denlatdir, ctlfile, transfile, filecount, fileoffset = sys.argv[1:]
 
@@ -53,10 +53,10 @@
         if r[-1] != '</s>': r.append('</s>')
         r = filter(lambda x: not lattice.is_filler(x), r)
 
-        print "process sent: %s" % c
+        print("process sent: %s" % c)
         
         # load lattice
-        print "\t load lattice ..."
+        print("\t load lattice ...")
         dag = lattice.Dag(os.path.join(denlatdir, c + ".lat.gz"))
         dag.bypass_fillers()
         dag.remove_unreachable()
@@ -66,13 +66,13 @@
         dag.dt_posterior()
 
         # edge pruning
-        print "\t edge pruning ..."
+        print("\t edge pruning ...")
         dag.forward_edge_prune(abeam)
         dag.backward_edge_prune(abeam)
         dag.remove_unreachable()
 
         # node pruning
-        print "\t node pruning ..."
+        print("\t node pruning ...")
         dag.post_node_prune(nbeam)
         dag.remove_unreachable()
 
@@ -80,7 +80,7 @@
         err, bt = dag.minimum_error(r)
 
         # save pruned lattice
-        print "\t saving pruned lattice ...\n"
+        print("\t saving pruned lattice ...\n")
         dag.dag2sphinx(os.path.join(pruned_denlatdir, c + ".lat.gz"))
 
         sentcount += 1
@@ -89,8 +89,8 @@
         wer += float(err) / len(r)
         density += float(dag.n_edges())/len(r)
 
-    print "Average Lattice Word Error Rate: %.2f%%" % (wer / sentcount * 100)
-    print "Average Lattice Density: %.2f" % (float(density) / sentcount)
-    print "Average Number of Node: %.2f" % (float(nodecount) / sentcount)
-    print "Average Number of Arc: %.2f" % (float(edgecount) / sentcount)
-    print "ALL DONE"
+    print("Average Lattice Word Error Rate: %.2f%%" % (wer / sentcount * 100))
+    print("Average Lattice Density: %.2f" % (float(density) / sentcount))
+    print("Average Number of Node: %.2f" % (float(nodecount) / sentcount))
+    print("Average Number of Arc: %.2f" % (float(edgecount) / sentcount))
+    print("ALL DONE")
diff --git a/python/cmusphinx/lda.py b/python/cmusphinx/lda.py
index 518918e8..58b062e7 100755
--- a/python/cmusphinx/lda.py
+++ b/python/cmusphinx/lda.py
@@ -20,7 +20,7 @@
 try:
     import numpy
 except ImportError:
-    print "FATAL: Failed to import numpy modules. Check that numpy and scipy are installed"
+    print("FATAL: Failed to import numpy modules. Check that numpy and scipy are installed")
     sys.exit(1)
 
 import s3lda
@@ -36,7 +36,7 @@ def makelda(gauden_counts):
     @type gauden_counts: cmusphinx.s3gaucnt.S3FullGauCntFile
     """
     if not gauden_counts.pass2var:
-        raise Exception, "Please re-run bw with '-2passvar yes'"
+        raise Exception("Please re-run bw with '-2passvar yes'")
     mean = numpy.concatenate([x[0] for x in gauden_counts.mean])
     var = numpy.concatenate([x[0] for x in gauden_counts.var])
     dnom = gauden_counts.dnom.ravel()
@@ -49,8 +49,8 @@ def makelda(gauden_counts):
         diff = m / d - globalmean
         sb += d * numpy.outer(diff, diff)
 
-    print "Sw:\n", sw
-    print "Sb:\n", sb
+    print("Sw:\n", sw)
+    print("Sb:\n", sb)
     BinvA = numpy.dot(numpy.linalg.inv(sw), sb)
     u, v = numpy.linalg.eig(BinvA)
     
@@ -61,8 +61,8 @@ def makelda(gauden_counts):
     # them to be in the rows.
     v = v.T.take(top, 0)
 
-    print "u:\n", u
-    print "v:\n", v
+    print("u:\n", u)
+    print("v:\n", v)
 
     return v
 
diff --git a/python/cmusphinx/mfcc.py b/python/cmusphinx/mfcc.py
index d160e945..7d353762 100644
--- a/python/cmusphinx/mfcc.py
+++ b/python/cmusphinx/mfcc.py
@@ -47,8 +47,7 @@ def __init__(self, nfilt=40, ncep=13,
         self.filters = numpy.zeros((nfft/2+1,nfilt), 'd')
         dfreq = float(samprate) / nfft
         if upperf > samprate/2:
-            raise(Exception,
-                   "Upper frequency %f exceeds Nyquist %f" % (upperf, samprate/2))
+            raise Exception
         melmax = mel(upperf)
         melmin = mel(lowerf)
         dmelbw = (melmax - melmin) / (nfilt + 1)
diff --git a/python/cmusphinx/mllr.py b/python/cmusphinx/mllr.py
index a8a849e9..cafcc050 100755
--- a/python/cmusphinx/mllr.py
+++ b/python/cmusphinx/mllr.py
@@ -166,7 +166,7 @@ def estimate_mllr_variance(stats, inmean, invar, Ws):
     @rtype: list(numpy.ndarray)
     """
     if stats.pass2var:
-        raise RuntimeException, "Statistics using -2passvar yes are not allowed"
+        raise RuntimeException("Statistics using -2passvar yes are not allowed")
     Hs = []
     for i, W in enumerate(Ws):
         ndim = inmean.veclen[i]
diff --git a/python/cmusphinx/mllt.py b/python/cmusphinx/mllt.py
index db4ea5de..248208a8 100755
--- a/python/cmusphinx/mllt.py
+++ b/python/cmusphinx/mllt.py
@@ -24,7 +24,7 @@
     from numpy.linalg import det, inv
     from scipy.optimize import fmin_l_bfgs_b
 except ImportError:
-    print "FATAL: Failed to import numpy modules. Check that numpy and scipy are installed"
+    print("FATAL: Failed to import numpy modules. Check that numpy and scipy are installed")
     sys.exit(1)
 
 import s3gaucnt
@@ -47,7 +47,7 @@ def __init__(self, gauden_counts, ldadim=None):
         @type ldadim: int
         """
         if not gauden_counts.pass2var:
-            raise Exception, "Please re-run bw with '-2passvar yes'"
+            raise Exception("Please re-run bw with '-2passvar yes'")
         if ldadim == None:
             ldadim = gauden_counts.veclen[0]
         self.cov = concatenate([x[0] for x in gauden_counts.var])
@@ -81,10 +81,10 @@ def objective(self, A, r, c):
             cl = diag(dot(dot(A, C), A.T))
             ll = ll - (float(nj) / 2) * sum(log(cl))
             lg = lg - float(nj) * dot(dot(inv(diag(cl)), A), C)
-        print "likelihood: %f" % ll
+        print("likelihood: %f" % ll)
         # Flatten out the gradient
         lg = lg.ravel()
-        print "gradient L2: %f" % sqrt(sum(lg*lg))
+        print("gradient L2: %f" % sqrt(sum(lg*lg)))
         # Note: we negate these to maximize likelihood
         return -ll, -lg
 
@@ -110,7 +110,7 @@ def train(self, A=None):
         # Flatten out the matrix so scipy.optimize can handle it
         AA, f, d = fmin_l_bfgs_b(self.objective, A.ravel(), args=A.shape, factr=10)
         if d['warnflag']:
-            print "WARNING! MLLT optimization failed to converge"
+            print("WARNING! MLLT optimization failed to converge")
         # Unflatten the return matrix
         return AA.reshape(A.shape)
 
diff --git a/python/cmusphinx/prune_mixw.py b/python/cmusphinx/prune_mixw.py
index b7dc81c5..19d91672 100644
--- a/python/cmusphinx/prune_mixw.py
+++ b/python/cmusphinx/prune_mixw.py
@@ -32,8 +32,8 @@ def prune_mixw_entropy(mixw, avgn):
             if top < mintop: mintop = top
             if top > maxtop: maxtop = top
             f.put(f.argsort()[:-top], 0)
-    print "Average #mixw: %.2f" % (float(avgtop) / count)
-    print "Min #mixw: %d Max #mixw: %d" % (mintop, maxtop)
+    print("Average #mixw: %.2f" % (float(avgtop) / count))
+    print("Min #mixw: %d Max #mixw: %d" % (mintop, maxtop))
     return histo
 
 def prune_mixw_entropy_min(mixw, avgn, minn):
@@ -62,8 +62,8 @@ def prune_mixw_entropy_min(mixw, avgn, minn):
             if top < mintop: mintop = top
             if top > maxtop: maxtop = top
             f.put(f.argsort()[:-top], 0)
-    print "Average #mixw: %.2f" % (float(avgtop) / count)
-    print "Min #mixw: %d Max #mixw: %d" % (mintop, maxtop)
+    print("Average #mixw: %.2f" % (float(avgtop) / count))
+    print("Min #mixw: %d Max #mixw: %d" % (mintop, maxtop))
     return histo
 
 def prune_mixw_pplx_hist(mixw):
@@ -87,8 +87,8 @@ def prune_mixw_pplx_hist(mixw):
             if top > maxtop: maxtop = top
             f.put(f.argsort()[:-top], 0)
     count = mixw.shape[0] * mixw.shape[1]
-    print "Average #mixw: %.2f" % (float(avgtop) / count)
-    print "Min #mixw: %d Max #mixw: %d" % (mintop, maxtop)
+    print("Average #mixw: %.2f" % (float(avgtop) / count))
+    print("Min #mixw: %d Max #mixw: %d" % (mintop, maxtop))
     return histo
 
 def prune_mixw_topn(mixw, n):
@@ -111,8 +111,8 @@ def prune_mixw_thresh(mixw, thresh):
             if top > maxtop: maxtop = top
             f.put(toprune, 0)
     count = mixw.shape[0] * mixw.shape[1]
-    print "Average #mixw: %.2f" % (float(avgtop) / count)
-    print "Min #mixw: %d Max #mixw: %d" % (mintop, maxtop)
+    print("Average #mixw: %.2f" % (float(avgtop) / count))
+    print("Min #mixw: %d Max #mixw: %d" % (mintop, maxtop))
     return histo
 
 def norm_floor_mixw(mixw, floor=1e-7):
diff --git a/python/cmusphinx/quantize_mixw.py b/python/cmusphinx/quantize_mixw.py
index 83476f08..bf22f228 100644
--- a/python/cmusphinx/quantize_mixw.py
+++ b/python/cmusphinx/quantize_mixw.py
@@ -57,15 +57,15 @@ def quantize_mixw_kmeans(mixw, k, zero=0.0):
     mmw = lmw.min()
     xmw = lmw.max()
     rmw = xmw - mmw
-    print "min log mixw: %f range: %f" % (mmw, rmw)
+    print("min log mixw: %f range: %f" % (mmw, rmw))
     cb = numpy.random.random(k) * rmw + mmw
     pdist = 1e+50
     for i in range(0,10):
         tdist = mixw_kmeans_iter(lmw, cb)
         conv = (pdist - tdist) / pdist
-        print "Total distortion: %e convergence ratio: %e" % (tdist, conv)
+        print("Total distortion: %e convergence ratio: %e" % (tdist, conv))
         if conv < 0.01:
-            print "Training has converged, stopping"
+            print("Training has converged, stopping")
             break
         pdist = tdist
     return cb
diff --git a/python/cmusphinx/s2mfc.py b/python/cmusphinx/s2mfc.py
index 5d5a36b3..752cbeb0 100644
--- a/python/cmusphinx/s2mfc.py
+++ b/python/cmusphinx/s2mfc.py
@@ -28,7 +28,7 @@ def open(f, mode=None, veclen=13):
     elif mode in ('w', 'wb'):
         return S2Feat_write(f,veclen)
     else:
-        raise Exception, "mode must be 'r', 'rb', 'w', or 'wb'"
+        raise Exception("mode must be 'r', 'rb', 'w', or 'wb'")
 
 class S2Feat_read(object):
     "Read Sphinx-II format feature files"
diff --git a/python/cmusphinx/s3dict.py b/python/cmusphinx/s3dict.py
index 07806976..ec5f9939 100644
--- a/python/cmusphinx/s3dict.py
+++ b/python/cmusphinx/s3dict.py
@@ -100,8 +100,7 @@ def write(self, outfile):
             fh = outfile
         else:
             fh = file(outfile, 'w')
-        wlist = self.keys()
-        wlist.sort()
+        wlist = sorted(self.keys())
         for k in wlist:
             word = word_to_str(k)
             fh.write("%s\t%s\n" % (word.encode('utf8'), " ".join(self[k])))
@@ -126,7 +125,7 @@ def get_alt_phones(self, word, alt):
         if not dict.__contains__(self, (word, 1)):
             raise KeyError
         elif not dict.__contains__(self, (word, alt)):
-            raise IndexError, "Alternate pronunciation index %d does not exist" % alt
+            raise IndexError("Alternate pronunciation index %d does not exist" % alt)
         return dict.__getitem__(self, (word, alt))
 
     def set_phones(self, word, phones):
@@ -147,7 +146,7 @@ def set_alt_phones(self, word, alt, phones):
 
         """
         if alt > self.maxalt[word] + 1:
-            raise IndexError, "Alternate pronunciation index %d too high" % alt
+            raise IndexError("Alternate pronunciation index %d too high" % alt)
         dict.__setitem__(self, (word, alt), phones)
         self.maxalt[word] = max(alt, self.maxalt[word])
         for ph in phones:
@@ -175,7 +174,7 @@ def del_alt_phones(self, word, alt):
 
         """
         if not dict.__contains__(self, (word, alt)):
-            raise IndexError, "Alternate pronunciation index %d does not exist" % alt
+            raise IndexError("Alternate pronunciation index %d does not exist" % alt)
         for ph in self[word, alt]:
             self.phoneset[ph] -= 1
             if self.phoneset[ph] == 0: # FIXME: make a class
diff --git a/python/cmusphinx/s3file.py b/python/cmusphinx/s3file.py
index 6d43c8d3..ac528699 100644
--- a/python/cmusphinx/s3file.py
+++ b/python/cmusphinx/s3file.py
@@ -145,7 +145,7 @@ def open(self, filename):
 
     def writeheader(self):
         self.fh.write("s3\n")
-        for k,v in self.fileattr.iteritems():
+        for k,v in self.fileattr.items():
             self.fh.write("%s %s\n" % (k,v))
         # Make sure the binary data lives on a 4-byte boundary
         lsb = (self.fh.tell() + len("endhdr\n")) & 3
diff --git a/python/cmusphinx/s3gau.py b/python/cmusphinx/s3gau.py
index af0f5566..36118646 100644
--- a/python/cmusphinx/s3gau.py
+++ b/python/cmusphinx/s3gau.py
@@ -22,7 +22,7 @@ def open(filename, mode="rb", attr={"version":1.0}):
     elif mode in ("w", "wb"):
         return S3GauFile_write(filename, mode, attr)
     else:
-        raise Exception, "mode must be 'r', 'rb', 'w', or 'wb'"
+        raise Exception("mode must be 'r', 'rb', 'w', or 'wb'")
 
 def open_full(filename, mode="rb", attr={"version":1.0}):
     if mode in ("r", "rb"):
@@ -30,7 +30,7 @@ def open_full(filename, mode="rb", attr={"version":1.0}):
     elif mode in ("w", "wb"):
         return S3FullGauFile_write(filename, mode, attr)
     else:
-        raise Exception, "mode must be 'r', 'rb', 'w', or 'wb'"
+        raise Exception("mode must be 'r', 'rb', 'w', or 'wb'")
 
 class S3GauFile(S3File):
     "Read Sphinx-III format Gaussian parameter files"
@@ -147,7 +147,7 @@ def writeall(self, stuff):
         # This will break for multi-stream files
         n_mgau, n_feat, density, veclen, veclen2 = shape(stuff)
         if n_feat != 1:
-            raise Exception, "Multi-stream files not supported"
+            raise Exception("Multi-stream files not supported")
         # Write the header
         self.fh.seek(self.data_start, 0)
         self.fh.write(pack("=IIIII",
diff --git a/python/cmusphinx/s3gaucnt.py b/python/cmusphinx/s3gaucnt.py
index 21a2838e..5b1e1a08 100644
--- a/python/cmusphinx/s3gaucnt.py
+++ b/python/cmusphinx/s3gaucnt.py
@@ -22,7 +22,7 @@ def open(filename, mode="rb", attr={"version":1.0}):
     if mode in ("r", "rb"):
         return S3GauCntFile(filename, mode)
     else:
-        raise Exception, "mode must be 'r' or 'rb'"
+        raise Exception("mode must be 'r' or 'rb'")
 
 def accumdirs(accumdirs):
     "Read and accumulate counts from several directories"
@@ -66,7 +66,7 @@ def open_full(filename, mode="rb", attr={"version":1.0}):
     if mode in ("r", "rb"):
         return S3FullGauCntFile(filename, mode)
     else:
-        raise Exception, "mode must be 'r', 'rb'"
+        raise Exception("mode must be 'r', 'rb'")
 
 class S3GauCntFile(S3File):
     "Read Sphinx-III format Gaussian count files"
diff --git a/python/cmusphinx/s3lda.py b/python/cmusphinx/s3lda.py
index 35e16bc1..5b5ee6e8 100644
--- a/python/cmusphinx/s3lda.py
+++ b/python/cmusphinx/s3lda.py
@@ -44,5 +44,5 @@ def open(filename, mode="rb"):
     elif mode in ("w", "wb"):
         return S3LDAFile_write(filename, mode)
     else:
-        raise Exception, "mode must be 'r', 'rb', 'w', or 'wb'"
+        raise Exception("mode must be 'r', 'rb', 'w', or 'wb'")
 
diff --git a/python/cmusphinx/s3mdef.py b/python/cmusphinx/s3mdef.py
index 4b8f15ef..b3896a76 100644
--- a/python/cmusphinx/s3mdef.py
+++ b/python/cmusphinx/s3mdef.py
@@ -104,7 +104,7 @@ def read(self, filename):
         
         sseqid = 0
         self.pidmap = []
-        for sseq, phones in ssidmap.iteritems():
+        for sseq, phones in ssidmap.items():
             sids = map(int, sseq.split(','))
             self.sseq[sseqid,0:len(sids)] = sids
             self.pidmap.append(phones)
@@ -122,7 +122,7 @@ def phone_id(self, ci, lc='-', rc='-', wpos=None):
         if wpos == None:
             if lc != '-':
                 # Try all word positions to find one that matches
-                for new_wpos, pmap in self.phonemap.iteritems():
+                for new_wpos, pmap in self.phonemap.items():
                     if ci in pmap and lc in pmap[ci] and rc in pmap[ci][lc]:
                         wpos = new_wpos
                         break
@@ -139,7 +139,7 @@ def phone_id_nearest(self, ci, lc='-', rc='-', wpos=None):
             return self.phone_id(ci, lc, rc, wpos)
         else:
             # First try to back off to a different word position
-            for new_wpos, pmap in self.phonemap.iteritems():
+            for new_wpos, pmap in self.phonemap.items():
                 if ci in pmap and lc in pmap[ci] and rc in pmap[ci][lc]:
                     return self.phonemap[new_wpos][ci][lc][rc]
             # If not, try using silence in the left/right context
diff --git a/python/cmusphinx/s3mixw.py b/python/cmusphinx/s3mixw.py
index 0ed9ee62..b84e9a59 100644
--- a/python/cmusphinx/s3mixw.py
+++ b/python/cmusphinx/s3mixw.py
@@ -21,7 +21,7 @@ def open(filename, mode="rb"):
     elif mode in ("w", "wb"):
         return S3MixwFile_write(filename, mode)
     else:
-        raise Exception, "mode must be 'r', 'rb', 'w', or 'wb'"
+        raise Exception("mode must be 'r', 'rb', 'w', or 'wb'")
 
 class S3MixwFile(S3File):
     "Read Sphinx-III format mixture weight files"
diff --git a/python/cmusphinx/s3senmgau.py b/python/cmusphinx/s3senmgau.py
index 82a4f2c1..2d72257f 100644
--- a/python/cmusphinx/s3senmgau.py
+++ b/python/cmusphinx/s3senmgau.py
@@ -53,7 +53,7 @@ def open(filename, mode="rb"):
     elif mode in ("w", "wb"):
         return S3SenmgauFile_write(filename, mode)
     else:
-        raise Exception, "mode must be 'r', 'rb', 'w', or 'wb'"
+        raise Exception("mode must be 'r', 'rb', 'w', or 'wb'")
 
 class S3SenmgauFile(S3File):
     "Read Sphinx-III format senone mapping files"
diff --git a/python/cmusphinx/s3tmat.py b/python/cmusphinx/s3tmat.py
index feea0591..a2b0ee1e 100644
--- a/python/cmusphinx/s3tmat.py
+++ b/python/cmusphinx/s3tmat.py
@@ -22,7 +22,7 @@ def open(filename, mode="rb"):
     elif mode in ("w", "wb"):
         return S3TmatFile_write(filename, mode)
     else:
-        raise Exception, "mode must be 'r', 'rb', 'w', or 'wb'"
+        raise Exception("mode must be 'r', 'rb', 'w', or 'wb'")
 
 class S3TmatFile(S3File):
     "Read Sphinx-III format transition matrix files"
diff --git a/python/cmusphinx/sendump.py b/python/cmusphinx/sendump.py
index 64cb921d..aab6db25 100644
--- a/python/cmusphinx/sendump.py
+++ b/python/cmusphinx/sendump.py
@@ -61,7 +61,7 @@ def load(self,filename):
             # Number of codewords and pdfs
             model_count = self.unpack_endian(sendump.read(4))
             mixture_count = self.unpack_endian(sendump.read(4))
-        print "rows (model_count): %d, columns (mixture_count): %d, features (feature_count): %d" % (model_count, mixture_count, feature_count)
+        print("rows (model_count): %d, columns (mixture_count): %d, features (feature_count): %d" % (model_count, mixture_count, feature_count))
         
         # Now read the stuff
         self.opdf = numpy.empty((mixture_count, feature_count, model_count))
@@ -73,7 +73,7 @@ def load(self,filename):
                 self.opdf[:,i,j] = numpy.power(1.0001, -mixw)
 
 def usage():
-    print "Usage: %s IN_SENDUMP OUT_MIXW" % sys.argv[0]
+    print("Usage: %s IN_SENDUMP OUT_MIXW" % sys.argv[0])
 
 if __name__ == '__main__':
     if len(sys.argv) < 3:
diff --git a/python/cmusphinx/test_arpalm.py b/python/cmusphinx/test_arpalm.py
index b46bb258..26611093 100644
--- a/python/cmusphinx/test_arpalm.py
+++ b/python/cmusphinx/test_arpalm.py
@@ -15,15 +15,15 @@ def setUp(self):
     def test_load(self):
         lm = arpalm.ArpaLM(os.path.join(self.testdir, "100.arpa.gz"))
         score = lm.score('addition')
-        self.assert_(abs(score - (-3.2721 * LOG10TOLOG)) < 0.01)
+        self.assertTrue(abs(score - (-3.2721 * LOG10TOLOG)) < 0.01)
         score = lm.score('vector', 'variance', 'zero')
-        self.assert_(abs(score - (-0.9404 * LOG10TOLOG)) < 0.01)
+        self.assertTrue(abs(score - (-0.9404 * LOG10TOLOG)) < 0.01)
         # Backoff with backoff weight
         score = lm.score('parameters', 'variance', 'zero')
-        self.assert_(abs(score - ((-1.3188 + -0.8170) * LOG10TOLOG)) < 0.01)
+        self.assertTrue(abs(score - ((-1.3188 + -0.8170) * LOG10TOLOG)) < 0.01)
         # Backoff without backoff weight
         score = lm.score('vector', 'variance', 'abnormal')
-        self.assert_(abs(score - (-0.8378  * LOG10TOLOG)) < 0.01)
+        self.assertTrue(abs(score - (-0.8378  * LOG10TOLOG)) < 0.01)
 
 if __name__ == '__main__':
     unittest.main()
diff --git a/python/cmusphinx/test_evaluation.py b/python/cmusphinx/test_evaluation.py
index 6236f5f7..a1354271 100644
--- a/python/cmusphinx/test_evaluation.py
+++ b/python/cmusphinx/test_evaluation.py
@@ -8,17 +8,17 @@
 class TestEvaluation(unittest.TestCase):
     def test_parse_hyp(self):
         t, u, s = evaluation.parse_hyp("FOO BAR BLATZ (ught)")
-        self.assertEquals(t.strip(), "FOO BAR BLATZ")
-        self.assertEquals(u, "ught")
-        self.assertEquals(s, 0)
+        self.assertEqual(t.strip(), "FOO BAR BLATZ")
+        self.assertEqual(u, "ught")
+        self.assertEqual(s, 0)
         t, u, s = evaluation.parse_hyp("   <s> FOOY BAR HURRRF </s>  (ught -2342)")
-        self.assertEquals(t.strip(), "FOOY BAR HURRRF")
-        self.assertEquals(u, "ught")
-        self.assertEquals(s, -2342)
+        self.assertEqual(t.strip(), "FOOY BAR HURRRF")
+        self.assertEqual(u, "ught")
+        self.assertEqual(s, -2342)
         t, u, s = evaluation.parse_hyp("HEYYYY")
-        self.assertEquals(t, None)
-        self.assertEquals(u, None)
-        self.assertEquals(s, 0)
+        self.assertEqual(t, None)
+        self.assertEqual(u, None)
+        self.assertEqual(s, 0)
         
 if __name__ == "__main__":
     unittest.main()
diff --git a/python/cmusphinx/test_hmm.py b/python/cmusphinx/test_hmm.py
index 67df15cc..86ffe806 100644
--- a/python/cmusphinx/test_hmm.py
+++ b/python/cmusphinx/test_hmm.py
@@ -43,7 +43,7 @@ def test_forward_backward(self):
         for a,b in zip(self.alpha, self.beta):
             newll = sum(a*b)
             if ll != 0:
-                self.assert_(abs(log(ll) - log(newll)) < 0.1)
+                self.assertTrue(abs(log(ll) - log(newll)) < 0.1)
             ll = newll
 
 class TestPhoneHMM(unittest.TestCase):
@@ -58,7 +58,7 @@ def test_create(self):
         h1 = hmm.HMM(self.acmod.mdef.pid2sseq(pid),
                      self.acmod.tmat[self.acmod.mdef.pid2tmat(pid)])
         h2 = self.factory.create('OW_four', 'F_four', 'R_four')
-        self.assertEquals(h1[0], h2[0])
+        self.assertEqual(h1[0], h2[0])
 
 class TestHMMGraph(unittest.TestCase):
     def setUp(self):
@@ -72,9 +72,9 @@ def test_create(self):
         h2 = self.factory.create('OW_four', 'F_four', 'R_four')
         h3 = self.factory.create('R_four', 'OW_four', 'SIL')
         hg = hmm.HMMGraph(h1, h2, h3)
-        self.assertEquals(hg[0], h1[0])
-        self.assertEquals(hg[4], h2[0])
-        self.assertEquals(hg[8], h3[0])
+        self.assertEqual(hg[0], h1[0])
+        self.assertEqual(hg[4], h2[0])
+        self.assertEqual(hg[8], h3[0])
 
     def test_forward_backward(self):
         mfcc = s2mfc.open(os.path.join(self.testdir, 'man.ah.111a.mfc')).getall()
@@ -100,7 +100,7 @@ def test_forward_backward(self):
         for a,b in zip(self.alpha, self.beta):
             newll = sum(a*b)
             if ll != 0:
-                self.assert_(abs(log(ll) - log(newll)) < 0.1)
+                self.assertTrue(abs(log(ll) - log(newll)) < 0.1)
             ll = newll
 
 def read_dict(dictfile):
diff --git a/python/cmusphinx/test_s3dict.py b/python/cmusphinx/test_s3dict.py
index e268310a..b5338054 100644
--- a/python/cmusphinx/test_s3dict.py
+++ b/python/cmusphinx/test_s3dict.py
@@ -11,13 +11,13 @@ def setUp(self):
 
     def testRead(self):
         foodict = s3dict.open(os.path.join(self.basedir, "test", "foo.dict"))
-        self.assert_('AH' in foodict.phoneset)
-        self.assertEquals(foodict.get_phones('A'), ['AH'])
-        self.assertEquals(foodict.get_alt_phones('A', 2), ['EY'])
-        self.assertEquals(foodict.get_phones('ZSWANG'), ['S', 'W', 'AE', 'NG'])
+        self.assertTrue('AH' in foodict.phoneset)
+        self.assertEqual(foodict.get_phones('A'), ['AH'])
+        self.assertEqual(foodict.get_alt_phones('A', 2), ['EY'])
+        self.assertEqual(foodict.get_phones('ZSWANG'), ['S', 'W', 'AE', 'NG'])
         try:
             foo = foodict.get_phones('QRXG')
-            print foo
+            print(foo)
         except KeyError:
             pass # Expected fail
         else:
@@ -34,10 +34,10 @@ def testRead(self):
             pass # Expected fail
         else:
             self.fail()
-        self.assertEquals(foodict['A'], ['AH'])
-        self.assertEquals(foodict['A',2], ['EY'])
-        self.assertEquals(foodict['A(2)'], ['EY'])
-        self.assertEquals(foodict['ZSWANG'], ['S', 'W', 'AE', 'NG'])
+        self.assertEqual(foodict['A'], ['AH'])
+        self.assertEqual(foodict['A',2], ['EY'])
+        self.assertEqual(foodict['A(2)'], ['EY'])
+        self.assertEqual(foodict['ZSWANG'], ['S', 'W', 'AE', 'NG'])
 
     def testCreate(self):
         mydict = s3dict.S3Dict()
@@ -51,24 +51,24 @@ def testCreate(self):
             pass # Expected fail
         else:
             self.fail()
-        self.assertEquals(mydict.get_phones('A'), ['AH'])
-        self.assertEquals(mydict.get_alt_phones('A', 2), ['EY'])
-        self.assertEquals(mydict.get_phones('ZSWANG'), ['S', 'W', 'AE', 'NG'])
+        self.assertEqual(mydict.get_phones('A'), ['AH'])
+        self.assertEqual(mydict.get_alt_phones('A', 2), ['EY'])
+        self.assertEqual(mydict.get_phones('ZSWANG'), ['S', 'W', 'AE', 'NG'])
         mydict.set_alt_phones('A', 2, ['AA'])
-        self.assertEquals(mydict.get_alt_phones('A', 2), ['AA'])
-        self.assert_('ZSWANG' in mydict)
+        self.assertEqual(mydict.get_alt_phones('A', 2), ['AA'])
+        self.assertTrue('ZSWANG' in mydict)
         mydict.del_phones('ZSWANG')
-        self.assert_('ZSWANG' not in mydict)
-        self.assert_('NG' not in mydict.phoneset)
+        self.assertTrue('ZSWANG' not in mydict)
+        self.assertTrue('NG' not in mydict.phoneset)
 
     def testUnion(self):
         foodict = s3dict.open(os.path.join(self.basedir, "test", "foo.dict"))
         bardict = s3dict.open(os.path.join(self.basedir, "test", "bar.dict"))
         bazdict = s3dict.union(foodict, bardict)
-        self.assertEquals(foodict['ACTUALLY'], bazdict['ACTUALLY'])
-        self.assert_('ABANDONED' in bazdict)
-        self.assert_('ZONES' in bazdict)
-        self.assert_('ZSWANG' in bazdict)
+        self.assertEqual(foodict['ACTUALLY'], bazdict['ACTUALLY'])
+        self.assertTrue('ABANDONED' in bazdict)
+        self.assertTrue('ZONES' in bazdict)
+        self.assertTrue('ZSWANG' in bazdict)
 
 if __name__ == '__main__':
     unittest.main()
diff --git a/python/cmusphinx/test_s3file.py b/python/cmusphinx/test_s3file.py
index 7462e24a..30048e51 100644
--- a/python/cmusphinx/test_s3file.py
+++ b/python/cmusphinx/test_s3file.py
@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@ def test_1dfile(self):
         s3file.S3File_write("tmp.1d").write1d(data)
         data2 = s3file.S3File("tmp.1d").read1d()
         # Assert that all elements are equal
-        self.assertEquals(sum(data == data2), len(data))
+        self.assertEqual(sum(data == data2), len(data))
         os.unlink("tmp.1d")
 
     def test_2dfile(self):
@@ -20,7 +20,7 @@ def test_2dfile(self):
         s3file.S3File_write("tmp.2d").write2d(data)
         data2 = s3file.S3File("tmp.2d").read2d()
         # Assert that all elements are equal
-        self.assertEquals((data == data2).sum(), data.size)
+        self.assertEqual((data == data2).sum(), data.size)
         os.unlink("tmp.2d")
 
     def test_3dfile(self):
@@ -28,7 +28,7 @@ def test_3dfile(self):
         s3file.S3File_write("tmp.3d").write3d(data)
         data2 = s3file.S3File("tmp.3d").read3d()
         # Assert that all elements are equal
-        self.assertEquals((data == data2).sum(), data.size)
+        self.assertEqual((data == data2).sum(), data.size)
         os.unlink("tmp.3d")
 
 if __name__ == '__main__':
diff --git a/python/cmusphinx/test_s3model.py b/python/cmusphinx/test_s3model.py
index 025054fa..7aab6b54 100644
--- a/python/cmusphinx/test_s3model.py
+++ b/python/cmusphinx/test_s3model.py
@@ -15,10 +15,10 @@ def setUp(self):
         self.acmod = s3model.S3Model(self.testdir)
 
     def test_created(self):
-        self.assert_(abs(self.acmod.tmat[0][0,1] - 0.3326) < 0.01)
-        self.assert_(abs(sum(self.acmod.mixw[0,0]) - 1.0) < 0.01)
-        self.assert_(abs(self.acmod.var[0][0][0][0] - 0.2583) < 0.01)
-        self.assert_(abs(self.acmod.var[35][0][0][38] - 16.9266) < 0.01)
+        self.assertTrue(abs(self.acmod.tmat[0][0,1] - 0.3326) < 0.01)
+        self.assertTrue(abs(sum(self.acmod.mixw[0,0]) - 1.0) < 0.01)
+        self.assertTrue(abs(self.acmod.var[0][0][0][0] - 0.2583) < 0.01)
+        self.assertTrue(abs(self.acmod.var[35][0][0][38] - 16.9266) < 0.01)
 
     def test_compute(self):
         mfcc = s2mfc.open(os.path.join(self.testdir, 'man.ah.111a.mfc')).getall()
@@ -28,7 +28,7 @@ def test_compute(self):
         expected = [3.03518949e-36, 1.00000000e+00, 4.47046728e-16, 1.07179724e-01]
         senscr = self.acmod.senone_compute(senones, feat[0])
         for i,s in enumerate(senones):
-            self.assert_(abs(senscr[s] - expected[i]) < 0.01)
+            self.assertTrue(abs(senscr[s] - expected[i]) < 0.01)
 
 if __name__ == '__main__':
     unittest.main()