diff --git a/python_modules/dagster/dagster/_core/execution/context/compute.py b/python_modules/dagster/dagster/_core/execution/context/compute.py
index 4d2e23e394fe8..4fbd4d1db24d0 100644
--- a/python_modules/dagster/dagster/_core/execution/context/compute.py
+++ b/python_modules/dagster/dagster/_core/execution/context/compute.py
@@ -1459,17 +1459,26 @@ def job_def(self) -> JobDefinition:
         return self.op_execution_context.job_def
 
     @public
-    def latest_materialization_event(
+    def latest_materialization_for_upstream_asset(
         self, key: CoercibleToAssetKey
     ) -> Optional[AssetMaterialization]:
-        """Get the most recent AssetMaterialization event for the key. Information like metadata and tags
-        can be found on the AssetMaterialization. If the key is not an upstream asset of the currently
-        materializing asset, None will be returned.
+        """Get the most recent AssetMaterialization event for the key. The key must be an upstream
+        asset for the currently materializing asset. Information like metadata and tags can be found
+        on the AssetMaterialization. If the key is not an upstream asset of the currently
+        materializing asset, an error will be raised. If no AssetMaterialization exists for key, None
+        will be returned.
 
         Returns: Optional[AssetMaterialization]
         """
-        return self.op_execution_context._step_execution_context.upstream_asset_materialization_events.get(  # noqa: SLF001
-            AssetKey.from_coercible(key)
+        materialization_events = (
+            self.op_execution_context._step_execution_context.upstream_asset_materialization_events  # noqa: SLF001
+        )
+        if AssetKey.from_coercible(key) in materialization_events.keys():
+            return materialization_events.get(AssetKey.from_coercible(key))
+
+        raise DagsterInvariantViolationError(
+            f"Cannot fetch AssetMaterialization for asset {key}. {key} must be an upstream dependency"
+            "in order to call latest_materialization_for_upstream_asset."
         )
 
     ######## Deprecated methods