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Samenvatting Scaling Networks

H1: LAN design

Lezen in de cursus

H2: Scaling VLANs: VTP, Extended VLANs and DTP

VTP:

Vlan trunking protocol eliminates the need to configure a new VLAN on every switch. VTP sores VLAN configuration in vlan.dat VTP V1-2 only learns about normal range vlans (1-5000), V3 support extended VLANs VTP advertisemenst only in domain (router or l3 switch define the boundary of each domain)

VTP modes:

  • Server

    • Advertises the VTP domain VLAN information to other VTP-enabled switches in the same domain
    • Stores vlan.dat in NVRAM
    • CRUD on VLANs in domain
    • Default mode

  • Client

    • No CRUD on VLANs
    • Stores vlan.dat in RAM
    • Must be confiured as VTP client

  • Transparant

    • Does not participate in VTP expect forward VTP to other switches (client en server)

VTP advertisments:

  • Summary

    • Informs other switches of domain, sends configuration revision number
    • Every 5 min (default)

  • Advertisement request

    • Respons to a Summary advertisment if the configuration revision number is higher than the current one.

VTP configuration:

  • check version show vtp status
  • rest check cursus

DTP

Dynamic Truncking Protocol provides the ability for ports to automatically negotiate trunking between switches. Turn off DTP on interfaces on a Cisco switch that is connected to devices that do not support DTP to avoid misconfigurations

DTP Configuration:

  • check cursus

H3 STP

STP

Spannings Tree Protocol provides redundancy as OSI Layer 1 end 2 When multiple paths exist between two devices on a network, and there is no spanning tree implementation on the switches, a Layer 2 loop occurs.

STP ensures that there is only one logical path between all destinations on the network by intentionally blocking redundant paths that could cause a loop.

STP Port types:

Port Defenition
Root ports Port closest to the root bridge
Designated ports non-root ports permitted to forward trafic
Alternate and backup port Blocking state to prevent loops
Disabled ports A disabled port is a switch port that is shut down

STP Root Path Cost:

Link Speed Cost
10 Gb/s 2
1 Gb/s 4
100 Mb/s 19
10 Mb/s 100

STP Confirutation:

  • check cursus

H4: EtherChannel and HSRP

Link Aggregation Concepts

Link aggregation combines a number of physical links between the switches to increase the overall bandwidth between two devices.

Implementation Restrctions

  • EtherChannel interface types cannot be mixed. for example, Fast Ethernet and Gigabit Ethernet cannot be mixed in a port channel.
  • Individual EtherChannel group member port configuration must be consistent on both devices. For example, if the physical ports of one side are configured as trunks, the physical ports of the other side must also be configured as trunks within the same native VLAN.

Protocols

  • Port Aggregation Protocol: PAgP

    • PAgP sends packets every 30 seconds to check for configuration consistency and manages link additions and failures.
    • PAgP supports three modes.
      • Desirable – Port actively initiates negotiations with other interfaces by sending PAgP packets.
      • Auto – Port passively negotiates state, but does not initiate PAgP negotiation.
      • On – Creates a channel member without negotiation

  • Link Aggregation Control Protocol:

    • PAgP supports three modes.
      • Active – Port actively initiates negotiations with other interfaces by sending LACP packets.
      • Passive – Port passively negotiates state, but does not initiate LACP negotiation.
      • On – Creates a channel member without negotiation.

Link Aggregation Confirutation

  • check cursus

First Hop Redundancy Protocols

Why: In a switched network, each client receives only one default gateway and there is no way to use a secondary gateway, even if a second path exists to carry packets off the local segment.

First Hop Redundancy Protocol Confirutation

  • check cursus

H5: Dynamic Routing

Dynamic Routing Protocol

Routing Protocols are used to facilitate the exchange of routing information between routers.

Purpose of dynamic routing protocols

  • Discovery of remote networks
  • Maintaining up-to-date routing information
  • Choosing the best path to destination 
networks
  • The bility to find a new best path if the 
current path is no longer available

Classification:

  • Purpose
    • Interior Gateway (IGP)
    • 
Exterior Gateway (EGP)
  • Operation
    • Distance vector
    • link-state
    • path-vector
  • Behavior
    • Classful (legacy)
    • classless

DRP