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Language Comparisons

C vs C++ :

No. C C++
1) C follows the procedural style programming. C++ is multi-paradigm. It supports both procedural and object oriented.
2) Data is less secured in C. In C++, you can use modifiers for class members to make it inaccessible for outside users.
3) C follows the top-down approach. C++ follows the bottom-up approach.
4) C does not support function overloading. C++ supports function overloading.
5) In C, you can't use functions in structure. In C++, you can use functions in structure.
6) C does not support reference variables. C++ supports reference variables.
7) In C, scanf() and printf() are mainly used for input/output. C++ mainly uses stream cin and cout to perform input and output operations.
8) Operator overloading is not possible in C. Operator overloading is possible in C++.
9) C programs are divided into procedures and modules C++ programs are divided into functions and classes.
10) C does not provide the feature of namespace. C++ supports the feature of namespace.
11) Exception handling is not easy in C. It has to perform using other functions. C++ provides exception handling using Try and Catch block.

C++ vs Java :

Comparison Index C++Java
Platform-independentC++ is platform-dependent.Java is platform-independent.
Mainly used forC++ is mainly used for system programming.Java is mainly used for application programming. It is widely used in window, web-based, enterprise and mobile applications.
GotoC++ supports goto statement.Java doesn't support goto statement.
Multiple inheritanceC++ supports multiple inheritance.Java doesn't support multiple inheritance through class. It can be achieved by interfaces in java.
Operator OverloadingC++ supports operator overloading.Java doesn't support operator overloading.
PointersC++ supports pointers. You can write pointer program in C++.Java supports pointer internally. But you can't write the pointer program in java. It means java has restricted pointer support in java.
Compiler and InterpreterC++ uses compiler only.Java uses compiler and interpreter both.
Call by Value and Call by referenceC++ supports both call by value and call by reference.Java supports call by value only. There is no call by reference in java.
Structure and UnionC++ supports structures and unions.Java doesn't support structures and unions.
Thread SupportC++ doesn't have built-in support for threads. It relies on third-party libraries for thread support.Java has built-in thread support.
Documentation commentC++ doesn't support documentation comment.Java supports documentation comment (/** ... */) to create documentation for java source code.
Virtual KeywordC++ supports virtual keyword so that we can decide whether or not override a function.Java has no virtual keyword. We can override all non-static methods by default. In other words, non-static methods are virtual by default.
unsigned right shift >>>C++ doesn't support >>> operator.Java supports unsigned right shift >>> operator that fills zero at the top for the negative numbers. For positive numbers, it works same like >> operator.
Inheritance TreeC++ creates a new inheritance tree always.Java uses single inheritance tree always because all classes are the child of Object class in java. Object class is the root of inheritance tree in java.

Java vs C# :

No. Java C#
1) Java is a high level, robust, secured and object-oriented programming language developed by Oracle. C# is an object-oriented programming language developed by Microsoft that runs on .Net Framework.
2) Java programming language is designed to be run on a Java platform, by the help of Java Runtime Environment (JRE). C# programming language is designed to be run on the Common Language Runtime (CLR).
3) Java type safety is safe. C# type safety is unsafe.
4) In java, built-in data types that are passed by value are called primitive types. In C#, built-in data types that are passed by value are called simple types.
5) Arrays in Java are direct specialization of Object. Arrays in C# are specialization of System.
6) Java does not support conditional compilation. C# supports conditional compilation using preprocessor directives.
7) Java doesn't support goto statement. C# supports goto statement.
8) Java doesn't support structures and unions. C# supports structures and unions.
9) Java supports checked exception and unchecked exception. C# supports unchecked exception.
10) Java code can never use pointers. C# code can use pointers in unsafe mode.
11) Java is used on all platforms. C# is used rarely outside Windows.
12) Java is Free and Open-Source. C# is not Open-Source.