diff --git a/connectors/src/connectors/confluence/lib/hierarchy.ts b/connectors/src/connectors/confluence/lib/hierarchy.ts
index 53912b0d42aa..d0c986c4f52b 100644
--- a/connectors/src/connectors/confluence/lib/hierarchy.ts
+++ b/connectors/src/connectors/confluence/lib/hierarchy.ts
@@ -41,7 +41,7 @@ export async function getConfluencePageParentIds(
   connectorId: ModelId,
   page: RawConfluencePage,
   cachedHierarchy?: Record<string, string | null>
-) {
+): Promise<[string, ...string[], string]> {
   const pageIdToParentIdMap =
     cachedHierarchy ?? (await getSpaceHierarchy(connectorId, page.spaceId));
 
diff --git a/connectors/src/connectors/confluence/temporal/activities.ts b/connectors/src/connectors/confluence/temporal/activities.ts
index 0e6b09698093..d6d862a154ae 100644
--- a/connectors/src/connectors/confluence/temporal/activities.ts
+++ b/connectors/src/connectors/confluence/temporal/activities.ts
@@ -219,6 +219,7 @@ export async function confluenceUpsertSpaceFolderActivity({
     dataSourceConfig: dataSourceConfigFromConnector(connector),
     folderId: makeSpaceInternalId(spaceId),
     parents: [makeSpaceInternalId(spaceId)],
+    parentId: null,
     title: spaceName,
     mimeType: "application/vnd.dust.confluence.space",
   });
@@ -252,7 +253,7 @@ export async function markPageHasVisited({
 interface ConfluenceUpsertPageInput {
   page: NonNullable<Awaited<ReturnType<ConfluenceClient["getPageById"]>>>;
   spaceName: string;
-  parents: string[];
+  parents: [string, ...string[], string];
   confluenceConfig: ConfluenceConfiguration;
   syncType?: UpsertDataSourceDocumentParams["upsertContext"]["sync_type"];
   dataSourceConfig: DataSourceConfig;
diff --git a/connectors/src/connectors/github/temporal/activities.ts b/connectors/src/connectors/github/temporal/activities.ts
index 1e297105fe21..487cb08a7eb8 100644
--- a/connectors/src/connectors/github/temporal/activities.ts
+++ b/connectors/src/connectors/github/temporal/activities.ts
@@ -288,6 +288,11 @@ export async function githubUpsertIssueActivity(
     tags.push(`author:${issueAuthor}`);
   }
 
+  const parents: [string, string, string] = [
+    documentId,
+    getIssuesInternalId(repoId),
+    getRepositoryInternalId(repoId),
+  ];
   // TODO: last commentor, last comment date, issue labels (as tags)
   await upsertDataSourceDocument({
     dataSourceConfig,
@@ -296,11 +301,8 @@ export async function githubUpsertIssueActivity(
     documentUrl: issue.url,
     timestampMs: updatedAtTimestamp,
     tags: tags,
-    parents: [
-      documentId,
-      getIssuesInternalId(repoId),
-      getRepositoryInternalId(repoId),
-    ],
+    parents,
+    parentId: parents[1],
     loggerArgs: logger.bindings(),
     upsertContext: {
       sync_type: isBatchSync ? "batch" : "incremental",
@@ -473,6 +475,11 @@ export async function githubUpsertDiscussionActivity(
     `updatedAt:${new Date(discussion.updatedAt).getTime()}`,
   ];
 
+  const parents: [string, string, string] = [
+    documentId,
+    getDiscussionsInternalId(repoId),
+    getRepositoryInternalId(repoId),
+  ];
   await upsertDataSourceDocument({
     dataSourceConfig,
     documentId,
@@ -480,11 +487,8 @@ export async function githubUpsertDiscussionActivity(
     documentUrl: discussion.url,
     timestampMs: new Date(discussion.createdAt).getTime(),
     tags,
-    parents: [
-      documentId,
-      getDiscussionsInternalId(repoId),
-      getRepositoryInternalId(repoId),
-    ],
+    parents,
+    parentId: parents[1],
     loggerArgs: logger.bindings(),
     upsertContext: {
       sync_type: isBatchSync ? "batch" : "incremental",
@@ -955,6 +959,7 @@ export async function githubCodeSyncActivity({
     folderId: getCodeRootInternalId(repoId),
     title: "Code",
     parents: [getCodeRootInternalId(repoId), getRepositoryInternalId(repoId)],
+    parentId: getRepositoryInternalId(repoId),
     mimeType: "application/vnd.dust.github.code.root",
   });
 
@@ -1147,6 +1152,11 @@ export async function githubCodeSyncActivity({
             `lasUpdatedAt:${codeSyncStartedAt.getTime()}`,
           ];
 
+          const parents: [...string[], string, string] = [
+            ...f.parents,
+            rootInternalId,
+            getRepositoryInternalId(repoId),
+          ];
           // Time to upload the file to the data source.
           await upsertDataSourceDocument({
             dataSourceConfig,
@@ -1155,11 +1165,8 @@ export async function githubCodeSyncActivity({
             documentUrl: f.sourceUrl,
             timestampMs: codeSyncStartedAt.getTime(),
             tags,
-            parents: [
-              ...f.parents,
-              rootInternalId,
-              getRepositoryInternalId(repoId),
-            ],
+            parents,
+            parentId: parents[1],
             loggerArgs: logger.bindings(),
             upsertContext: {
               sync_type: isBatchSync ? "batch" : "incremental",
@@ -1198,14 +1205,16 @@ export async function githubCodeSyncActivity({
         Context.current().heartbeat();
         const parentInternalId = d.parentInternalId || rootInternalId;
 
+        const parents: [...string[], string, string] = [
+          ...d.parents,
+          getCodeRootInternalId(repoId),
+          getRepositoryInternalId(repoId),
+        ];
         await upsertDataSourceFolder({
           dataSourceConfig,
           folderId: d.internalId,
-          parents: [
-            ...d.parents,
-            getCodeRootInternalId(repoId),
-            getRepositoryInternalId(repoId),
-          ],
+          parents,
+          parentId: parents[1],
           title: d.dirName,
           mimeType: "application/vnd.dust.github.code.directory",
         });
@@ -1346,6 +1355,7 @@ export async function githubUpsertRepositoryFolderActivity({
     folderId: getRepositoryInternalId(repoId),
     title: repoName,
     parents: [getRepositoryInternalId(repoId)],
+    parentId: null,
     mimeType: "application/vnd.dust.github.repository",
   });
 }
@@ -1366,6 +1376,7 @@ export async function githubUpsertIssuesFolderActivity({
     folderId: getIssuesInternalId(repoId),
     title: "Issues",
     parents: [getIssuesInternalId(repoId), getRepositoryInternalId(repoId)],
+    parentId: getRepositoryInternalId(repoId),
     mimeType: "application/vnd.dust.github.issues",
   });
 }
@@ -1389,6 +1400,7 @@ export async function githubUpsertDiscussionsFolderActivity({
       getDiscussionsInternalId(repoId),
       getRepositoryInternalId(repoId),
     ],
+    parentId: getRepositoryInternalId(repoId),
     mimeType: "application/vnd.dust.github.discussions",
   });
 }
@@ -1409,6 +1421,7 @@ export async function githubUpsertCodeRootFolderActivity({
     folderId: getCodeRootInternalId(repoId),
     title: "Code",
     parents: [getCodeRootInternalId(repoId), getRepositoryInternalId(repoId)],
+    parentId: getRepositoryInternalId(repoId),
     mimeType: "application/vnd.dust.github.code.root",
   });
 }
diff --git a/connectors/src/connectors/google_drive/temporal/activities.ts b/connectors/src/connectors/google_drive/temporal/activities.ts
index 45566089dc52..65e1a2859835 100644
--- a/connectors/src/connectors/google_drive/temporal/activities.ts
+++ b/connectors/src/connectors/google_drive/temporal/activities.ts
@@ -512,6 +512,7 @@ export async function incrementalSync(
           dataSourceConfig,
           folderId: getInternalId(driveFile.id),
           parents,
+          parentId: parents[1] || null,
           title: driveFile.name ?? "",
           mimeType: "application/vnd.dust.googledrive.folder",
         });
@@ -856,6 +857,7 @@ export async function markFolderAsVisited(
     dataSourceConfig,
     folderId: getInternalId(file.id),
     parents,
+    parentId: parents[1] || null,
     title: file.name ?? "",
     mimeType: "application/vnd.dust.googledrive.folder",
   });
diff --git a/connectors/src/connectors/google_drive/temporal/file.ts b/connectors/src/connectors/google_drive/temporal/file.ts
index eb327593e00f..2f5d918b4fcc 100644
--- a/connectors/src/connectors/google_drive/temporal/file.ts
+++ b/connectors/src/connectors/google_drive/temporal/file.ts
@@ -492,6 +492,7 @@ async function upsertGdriveDocument(
       timestampMs: file.updatedAtMs,
       tags,
       parents,
+      parentId: parents[1] || null,
       upsertContext: {
         sync_type: isBatchSync ? "batch" : "incremental",
       },
diff --git a/connectors/src/connectors/intercom/lib/utils.ts b/connectors/src/connectors/intercom/lib/utils.ts
index 2db0c96a85ad..a763145be6e5 100644
--- a/connectors/src/connectors/intercom/lib/utils.ts
+++ b/connectors/src/connectors/intercom/lib/utils.ts
@@ -149,7 +149,7 @@ export async function getParentIdsForArticle({
   connectorId: number;
   parentCollectionId: string;
   helpCenterId: string;
-}) {
+}): Promise<[string, string, ...string[], string]> {
   // Get collection parents
   const collectionParents = await getParentIdsForCollection({
     connectorId,
@@ -168,11 +168,8 @@ export async function getParentIdsForCollection({
   connectorId: number;
   collectionId: string;
   helpCenterId: string;
-}) {
-  // Initialize the internal IDs array with the collection ID.
-  const parentIds = [
-    getHelpCenterCollectionInternalId(connectorId, collectionId),
-  ];
+}): Promise<[string, ...string[], string]> {
+  const parentIds = [];
 
   // Fetch and add any parent collection Ids.
   let currentParentId = collectionId;
@@ -196,8 +193,10 @@ export async function getParentIdsForCollection({
     );
   }
 
-  // Add the help center internal ID.
-  parentIds.push(getHelpCenterInternalId(connectorId, helpCenterId));
-
-  return parentIds;
+  // Add the collection ID and the help center internal ID.
+  return [
+    getHelpCenterCollectionInternalId(connectorId, collectionId),
+    ...parentIds,
+    getHelpCenterInternalId(connectorId, helpCenterId),
+  ];
 }
diff --git a/connectors/src/connectors/intercom/temporal/activities.ts b/connectors/src/connectors/intercom/temporal/activities.ts
index c1b27952385b..de1b06a85ed0 100644
--- a/connectors/src/connectors/intercom/temporal/activities.ts
+++ b/connectors/src/connectors/intercom/temporal/activities.ts
@@ -30,14 +30,12 @@ import {
 import { dataSourceConfigFromConnector } from "@connectors/lib/api/data_source_config";
 import { concurrentExecutor } from "@connectors/lib/async_utils";
 import { upsertDataSourceFolder } from "@connectors/lib/data_sources";
-import {
-  IntercomConversation,
-  IntercomWorkspace,
-} from "@connectors/lib/models/intercom";
 import {
   IntercomCollection,
+  IntercomConversation,
   IntercomHelpCenter,
   IntercomTeam,
+  IntercomWorkspace,
 } from "@connectors/lib/models/intercom";
 import { syncStarted, syncSucceeded } from "@connectors/lib/sync_status";
 import logger from "@connectors/logger/logger";
@@ -177,6 +175,7 @@ export async function syncHelpCenterOnlyActivity({
     folderId: helpCenterInternalId,
     title: helpCenterOnIntercom.display_name || "Help Center",
     parents: [helpCenterInternalId],
+    parentId: null,
     mimeType: getDataSourceNodeMimeType("HELP_CENTER"),
   });
 
@@ -509,6 +508,7 @@ export async function syncTeamOnlyActivity({
     folderId: teamInternalId,
     title: teamOnIntercom.name,
     parents: [teamInternalId, getTeamsInternalId(connectorId)],
+    parentId: getTeamsInternalId(connectorId),
     mimeType: getDataSourceNodeMimeType("TEAM"),
   });
 
@@ -743,6 +743,7 @@ export async function upsertIntercomTeamsFolderActivity({
     folderId: getTeamsInternalId(connectorId),
     title: "Conversations",
     parents: [getTeamsInternalId(connectorId)],
+    parentId: null,
     mimeType: getDataSourceNodeMimeType("CONVERSATIONS_FOLDER"),
   });
 }
diff --git a/connectors/src/connectors/intercom/temporal/sync_conversation.ts b/connectors/src/connectors/intercom/temporal/sync_conversation.ts
index b68b03f9b6ac..56b00b70447a 100644
--- a/connectors/src/connectors/intercom/temporal/sync_conversation.ts
+++ b/connectors/src/connectors/intercom/temporal/sync_conversation.ts
@@ -306,11 +306,13 @@ export async function syncConversation({
   // parents in the Core datasource map the internal ids that are used in the permission system
   // they self reference the document id
   const documentId = getConversationInternalId(connectorId, conversation.id);
-  const parents = [documentId];
-  if (conversationTeamId) {
-    parents.push(getTeamInternalId(connectorId, conversationTeamId));
-  }
-  parents.push(getTeamsInternalId(connectorId));
+  const parents: [string, ...string[], string] = [
+    documentId,
+    ...(conversationTeamId
+      ? [getTeamInternalId(connectorId, conversationTeamId)]
+      : []),
+    getTeamsInternalId(connectorId),
+  ];
 
   await upsertDataSourceDocument({
     dataSourceConfig,
@@ -320,6 +322,7 @@ export async function syncConversation({
     timestampMs: updatedAtDate.getTime(),
     tags: datasourceTags,
     parents,
+    parentId: parents[1],
     loggerArgs: {
       ...loggerArgs,
       conversationId: conversation.id,
diff --git a/connectors/src/connectors/intercom/temporal/sync_help_center.ts b/connectors/src/connectors/intercom/temporal/sync_help_center.ts
index db50d4e0ca49..8aa9d21dd94c 100644
--- a/connectors/src/connectors/intercom/temporal/sync_help_center.ts
+++ b/connectors/src/connectors/intercom/temporal/sync_help_center.ts
@@ -228,7 +228,7 @@ export async function upsertCollectionWithChildren({
     folderId: internalCollectionId,
     title: collection.name,
     parents: collectionParents,
-    parentId: collectionParents.length > 2 ? collectionParents[1] : null,
+    parentId: collectionParents[1],
     mimeType: getDataSourceNodeMimeType("COLLECTION"),
   });
 
@@ -420,6 +420,7 @@ export async function upsertArticle({
         `updatedAt:${updatedAtDate.getTime()}`,
       ],
       parents,
+      parentId: parents[1],
       loggerArgs: {
         ...loggerArgs,
         articleId: article.id,
diff --git a/connectors/src/connectors/microsoft/temporal/activities.ts b/connectors/src/connectors/microsoft/temporal/activities.ts
index 9684629da143..95ce21e40c28 100644
--- a/connectors/src/connectors/microsoft/temporal/activities.ts
+++ b/connectors/src/connectors/microsoft/temporal/activities.ts
@@ -206,6 +206,7 @@ export async function getRootNodesToSyncFromResources(
         dataSourceConfig,
         folderId: createdOrUpdatedResource.internalId,
         parents: [createdOrUpdatedResource.internalId],
+        parentId: null,
         title: createdOrUpdatedResource.name ?? "",
         mimeType: "application/vnd.dust.microsoft.folder",
       }),
@@ -477,6 +478,7 @@ export async function syncFiles({
         dataSourceConfig,
         folderId: createdOrUpdatedResource.internalId,
         parents: [createdOrUpdatedResource.internalId, ...parents],
+        parentId: parents[0],
         title: createdOrUpdatedResource.name ?? "",
         mimeType: "application/vnd.dust.microsoft.folder",
       }),
@@ -650,6 +652,7 @@ export async function syncDeltaForRootNodesInDrive({
           dataSourceConfig,
           folderId: blob.internalId,
           parents: [blob.internalId],
+          parentId: null,
           title: blob.name ?? "",
           mimeType: "application/vnd.dust.microsoft.folder",
         });
diff --git a/connectors/src/connectors/microsoft/temporal/file.ts b/connectors/src/connectors/microsoft/temporal/file.ts
index 1eb3ee24636c..2543c013f8d8 100644
--- a/connectors/src/connectors/microsoft/temporal/file.ts
+++ b/connectors/src/connectors/microsoft/temporal/file.ts
@@ -306,6 +306,7 @@ export async function syncOneFile({
           timestampMs: upsertTimestampMs,
           tags,
           parents,
+          parentId: parents[1] || null,
           upsertContext: {
             sync_type: isBatchSync ? "batch" : "incremental",
           },
@@ -352,7 +353,7 @@ export async function getParents({
   connectorId: ModelId;
   internalId: string;
   startSyncTs: number;
-}): Promise<string[]> {
+}): Promise<[string, ...string[]]> {
   const parentInternalId = await getParentId(
     connectorId,
     internalId,
diff --git a/connectors/src/connectors/webcrawler/temporal/activities.ts b/connectors/src/connectors/webcrawler/temporal/activities.ts
index cea57969e776..b27200375a3d 100644
--- a/connectors/src/connectors/webcrawler/temporal/activities.ts
+++ b/connectors/src/connectors/webcrawler/temporal/activities.ts
@@ -279,15 +279,16 @@ export async function crawlWebsiteByConnectorId(connectorId: ModelId) {
             lastSeenAt: new Date(),
           });
 
+          // parent folder ids of the page are in hierarchy order from the
+          // page to the root so for the current folder, its parents start at
+          // index+1 (including itself as first parent) and end at the root
+          const parents = parentFolderIds.slice(index + 1);
           await upsertDataSourceFolder({
             dataSourceConfig,
             folderId: webCrawlerFolder.internalId,
             timestampMs: webCrawlerFolder.updatedAt.getTime(),
-
-            // parent folder ids of the page are in hierarchy order from the
-            // page to the root so for the current folder, its parents start at
-            // index+1 (including itself as first parent) and end at the root
-            parents: parentFolderIds.slice(index + 1),
+            parents,
+            parentId: parents[1] || null,
             title: folder,
             mimeType: "application/vnd.dust.webcrawler.folder",
           });
@@ -363,6 +364,7 @@ export async function crawlWebsiteByConnectorId(connectorId: ModelId) {
               timestampMs: new Date().getTime(),
               tags: [`title:${stripNullBytes(pageTitle)}`],
               parents: parentFolderIds,
+              parentId: parentFolderIds[1] || null,
               upsertContext: {
                 sync_type: "batch",
               },
diff --git a/connectors/src/connectors/zendesk/lib/sync_article.ts b/connectors/src/connectors/zendesk/lib/sync_article.ts
index 79770c7cd7ee..ed3d7ddabbf6 100644
--- a/connectors/src/connectors/zendesk/lib/sync_article.ts
+++ b/connectors/src/connectors/zendesk/lib/sync_article.ts
@@ -151,6 +151,7 @@ export async function syncArticle({
       articleId: article.id,
     });
 
+    const parents = articleInDb.getParentInternalIds(connectorId);
     await upsertDataSourceDocument({
       dataSourceConfig,
       documentId,
@@ -162,7 +163,8 @@ export async function syncArticle({
         `createdAt:${createdAt.getTime()}`,
         `updatedAt:${updatedAt.getTime()}`,
       ],
-      parents: articleInDb.getParentInternalIds(connectorId),
+      parents,
+      parentId: parents[1],
       loggerArgs: { ...loggerArgs, articleId: article.id },
       upsertContext: { sync_type: "batch" },
       title: article.title,
diff --git a/connectors/src/connectors/zendesk/lib/sync_category.ts b/connectors/src/connectors/zendesk/lib/sync_category.ts
index ed27450f20d6..55f9b23e082b 100644
--- a/connectors/src/connectors/zendesk/lib/sync_category.ts
+++ b/connectors/src/connectors/zendesk/lib/sync_category.ts
@@ -104,6 +104,7 @@ export async function syncCategory({
     dataSourceConfig,
     folderId: parents[0],
     parents,
+    parentId: parents[1],
     title: categoryInDb.name,
     mimeType: "application/vnd.dust.zendesk.category",
   });
diff --git a/connectors/src/connectors/zendesk/lib/sync_ticket.ts b/connectors/src/connectors/zendesk/lib/sync_ticket.ts
index 2d5dc17d33c6..b626b53fd5c6 100644
--- a/connectors/src/connectors/zendesk/lib/sync_ticket.ts
+++ b/connectors/src/connectors/zendesk/lib/sync_ticket.ts
@@ -209,6 +209,7 @@ ${comments
       ticketId: ticket.id,
     });
 
+    const parents = ticketInDb.getParentInternalIds(connectorId);
     await upsertDataSourceDocument({
       dataSourceConfig,
       documentId,
@@ -221,7 +222,8 @@ ${comments
         `updatedAt:${updatedAtDate.getTime()}`,
         `createdAt:${createdAtDate.getTime()}`,
       ],
-      parents: ticketInDb.getParentInternalIds(connectorId),
+      parents,
+      parentId: parents[1],
       loggerArgs: { ...loggerArgs, ticketId: ticket.id },
       upsertContext: { sync_type: "batch" },
       title: ticket.subject,
diff --git a/connectors/src/connectors/zendesk/temporal/activities.ts b/connectors/src/connectors/zendesk/temporal/activities.ts
index 1481b3cde5a0..2df641d54c5d 100644
--- a/connectors/src/connectors/zendesk/temporal/activities.ts
+++ b/connectors/src/connectors/zendesk/temporal/activities.ts
@@ -132,6 +132,7 @@ export async function syncZendeskBrandActivity({
     dataSourceConfig,
     folderId: brandInternalId,
     parents: [brandInternalId],
+    parentId: null,
     title: brandInDb.name,
     mimeType: "application/vnd.dust.zendesk.brand",
   });
@@ -142,6 +143,7 @@ export async function syncZendeskBrandActivity({
     dataSourceConfig,
     folderId: helpCenterNode.internalId,
     parents: [helpCenterNode.internalId, helpCenterNode.parentInternalId],
+    parentId: helpCenterNode.parentInternalId,
     title: helpCenterNode.title,
     mimeType: "application/vnd.dust.zendesk.helpcenter",
   });
@@ -152,6 +154,7 @@ export async function syncZendeskBrandActivity({
     dataSourceConfig,
     folderId: ticketsNode.internalId,
     parents: [ticketsNode.internalId, ticketsNode.parentInternalId],
+    parentId: ticketsNode.parentInternalId,
     title: ticketsNode.title,
     mimeType: "application/vnd.dust.zendesk.tickets",
   });
@@ -326,6 +329,7 @@ export async function syncZendeskCategoryActivity({
     dataSourceConfig: dataSourceConfigFromConnector(connector),
     folderId: parents[0],
     parents,
+    parentId: parents[1],
     title: categoryInDb.name,
     mimeType: "application/vnd.dust.zendesk.category",
   });
diff --git a/connectors/src/connectors/zendesk/temporal/incremental_activities.ts b/connectors/src/connectors/zendesk/temporal/incremental_activities.ts
index 08fd18c484d9..2522aa32c3c6 100644
--- a/connectors/src/connectors/zendesk/temporal/incremental_activities.ts
+++ b/connectors/src/connectors/zendesk/temporal/incremental_activities.ts
@@ -147,6 +147,7 @@ export async function syncZendeskArticleUpdateBatchActivity({
               dataSourceConfig,
               folderId: parents[0],
               parents,
+              parentId: parents[1],
               title: category.name,
               mimeType: "application/vnd.dust.zendesk.category",
             });