diff --git a/.github/workflows/base.yaml b/.github/workflows/base.yaml
index 8b3e5b0..05f1e09 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/base.yaml
+++ b/.github/workflows/base.yaml
@@ -47,6 +47,9 @@ jobs:
           - [alpine3.15.1, linux/amd64, [self-hosted, linux, x64, ephemeral]]
           - [alpine3.15.1, linux/arm64, [self-hosted, linux, arm64, ephemeral]]
 
+    env:
+      REGISTRY_IMAGE: ghcr.io/${{ github.repository }}/base-${{ matrix.base_image_vsn }}
+
     steps:
       - uses: actions/checkout@v3
       - uses: aws-actions/configure-aws-credentials@v2
@@ -56,20 +59,20 @@ jobs:
           aws-region: ${{ secrets.AWS_DEFAULT_REGION }}
       - name: Get cache
         run: aws s3 sync s3://docker-buildx-cache/emqx-builder/${{ matrix.platform[0] }} /tmp/.docker-buildx-cache
-      - uses: docker/setup-buildx-action@v2
-      - uses: docker/setup-qemu-action@v2
-      - uses: docker/login-action@v2
+      - uses: docker/setup-buildx-action@v3
+      - uses: docker/setup-qemu-action@v3
+      - uses: docker/login-action@v3
         with:
           registry: ghcr.io
           username: ${{ github.actor }}
           password: ${{ github.token }}
-      - uses: docker/metadata-action@v4
+      - uses: docker/metadata-action@v5
         id: base_meta
         with:
-          images: ghcr.io/${{ github.repository }}/base-${{ matrix.base_image_vsn }}
+          images: ${{ env.REGISTRY_IMAGE }}
           tags: type=raw,value=${{ matrix.platform[0] }}
       - name: Build base image
-        uses: docker/build-push-action@v3
+        uses: docker/build-push-action@v5
         with:
           pull: true
           cache-from: type=local,src=/tmp/.docker-buildx-cache,mode=max
@@ -78,6 +81,7 @@ jobs:
           tags: ${{ steps.base_meta.outputs.tags }}
           labels: ${{ steps.base_meta.outputs.labels }}
           file: ${{ matrix.platform[0] }}/Dockerfile
+          outputs: type=image,name=${{ env.REGISTRY_IMAGE }},push-by-digest=true,name-canonical=true,push=false
           context: .
       - name: Update cache
         run: aws s3 sync --delete /tmp/.docker-buildx-cache-new s3://docker-buildx-cache/emqx-builder/${{ matrix.platform[0] }}
diff --git a/.github/workflows/main.yaml b/.github/workflows/main.yaml
index 2a4b56d..3dd03f7 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/main.yaml
+++ b/.github/workflows/main.yaml
@@ -66,6 +66,9 @@ jobs:
           - [alpine3.15.1, linux/amd64, [self-hosted, linux, x64, ephemeral]]
           - [alpine3.15.1, linux/arm64, [self-hosted, linux, arm64, ephemeral]]
 
+    env:
+      REGISTRY_IMAGE: ghcr.io/${{ github.repository }}/base-${{ matrix.base_image_vsn }}
+
     steps:
       - uses: actions/checkout@v3
       - uses: aws-actions/configure-aws-credentials@v2
@@ -75,22 +78,22 @@ jobs:
           aws-region: ${{ secrets.AWS_DEFAULT_REGION }}
       - name: Get cache
         run: aws s3 sync s3://docker-buildx-cache/emqx-builder/${{ matrix.platform[0] }} /tmp/.docker-buildx-cache
-      - uses: docker/setup-buildx-action@v2
-      - uses: docker/setup-qemu-action@v2
-      - uses: docker/login-action@v2
+      - uses: docker/setup-buildx-action@v3
+      - uses: docker/setup-qemu-action@v3
+      - uses: docker/login-action@v3
         with:
           registry: ghcr.io
           username: ${{ github.actor }}
           password: ${{ github.token }}
-      - uses: docker/metadata-action@v4
+      - uses: docker/metadata-action@v5
         id: base_meta
         with:
-          images: ghcr.io/${{ github.repository }}/base-${{ matrix.base_image_vsn }}
+          images: ${{ env.REGISTRY_IMAGE }}
           tags: type=raw,value=${{ matrix.platform[0] }}
       - name: Build base image
-        uses: docker/build-push-action@v3
+        id: build
+        uses: docker/build-push-action@v5
         with:
-          push: true
           pull: true
           cache-from: type=local,src=/tmp/.docker-buildx-cache,mode=max
           cache-to: type=local,dest=/tmp/.docker-buildx-cache-new,mode=max
@@ -98,15 +101,68 @@ jobs:
           tags: ${{ steps.base_meta.outputs.tags }}
           labels: ${{ steps.base_meta.outputs.labels }}
           file: ${{ matrix.platform[0] }}/Dockerfile
+          outputs: type=image,name=${{ env.REGISTRY_IMAGE }},push-by-digest=true,name-canonical=true,push=true
           context: .
       - name: Update cache
         run: aws s3 sync --delete /tmp/.docker-buildx-cache-new s3://docker-buildx-cache/emqx-builder/${{ matrix.platform[0] }}
+      - name: Export digests
+        run: |
+          mkdir -p /tmp/digests
+          digest="${{ steps.build.outputs.digest }}"
+          touch "/tmp/digests/${digest#sha256:}"
+      - name: Upload digest
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v3
+        with:
+          name: digests
+          path: /tmp/digests/*
+          if-no-files-found: error
+          retention-days: 1
+
+  merge-base:
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    needs:
+      - base
+    strategy:
+      fail-fast: false
+      matrix:
+        base_image_vsn:
+          - "5.0"
+    env:
+      REGISTRY_IMAGE: ghcr.io/${{ github.repository }}/base-${{ matrix.base_image_vsn }}
+    steps:
+      - name: Download digests
+        uses: actions/download-artifact@v3
+        with:
+          name: digests
+          path: /tmp/digests
+      - name: Set up Docker Buildx
+        uses: docker/setup-buildx-action@v3
+      - name: Docker meta
+        id: meta
+        uses: docker/metadata-action@v5
+        with:
+          images: ${{ env.REGISTRY_IMAGE }}
+      - name: Login to Docker Hub
+        uses: docker/login-action@v3
+        with:
+          registry: ghcr.io
+          username: ${{ github.actor }}
+          password: ${{ github.token }}
+      - name: Create manifest list and push
+        working-directory: /tmp/digests
+        run: |
+          docker buildx imagetools create $(jq -cr '.tags | map("-t " + .) | join(" ")' <<< "$DOCKER_METADATA_OUTPUT_JSON") \
+            $(printf '${{ env.REGISTRY_IMAGE }}@sha256:%s ' *)
+      - name: Inspect image
+        run: |
+          docker buildx imagetools inspect ${{ env.REGISTRY_IMAGE }}:${{ steps.meta.outputs.version }}
 
   build:
     runs-on: ${{ github.repository_owner == 'emqx' && matrix.platform[2] || '["ubuntu-latest"]' }}
     needs:
       - prepare
       - base
+      - merge-base
 
     strategy:
       fail-fast: false
@@ -150,22 +206,26 @@ jobs:
     - name: Get ref
       id: ref
       run: echo "ref=${GITHUB_REF##*/}" >> $GITHUB_OUTPUT
-    - uses: docker/setup-buildx-action@v2
-    - uses: docker/setup-qemu-action@v2
-    - uses: docker/login-action@v2
+    - name: Set registry image
+      id: registry
+      run: |
+        echo "image=ghcr.io/${{ github.repository }}/${{ steps.ref.outputs.ref }}" | tee -a $GITHUB_OUTPUT
+    - uses: docker/setup-buildx-action@v3
+    - uses: docker/setup-qemu-action@v3
+    - uses: docker/login-action@v3
       with:
         registry: ghcr.io
         username: ${{ github.actor }}
         password: ${{ github.token }}
-    - uses: docker/metadata-action@v4
+    - uses: docker/metadata-action@v5
       id: meta
       with:
-        images: ghcr.io/${{ github.repository }}/${{ steps.ref.outputs.ref }}
+        images: ${{ steps.registry.outputs.image }}
         tags: |
           type=raw,value=${{ matrix.elixir }}-${{ matrix.otp }}-${{ matrix.platform[0] }}
-    - uses: docker/build-push-action@v3
+    - uses: docker/build-push-action@v5
+      id: build
       with:
-        push: true
         pull: true
         no-cache: true
         platforms: ${{ matrix.platform[1] }}
@@ -177,10 +237,67 @@ jobs:
           ELIXIR_VERSION=${{ matrix.elixir }}
         file: ./Dockerfile
         context: .
+        outputs: type=image,name=${{ steps.registry.outputs.image }},push-by-digest=true,name-canonical=true,push=true
+    - name: Export digests
+      run: |
+        mkdir -p /tmp/digests-build
+        digest="${{ steps.build.outputs.digest }}"
+        touch "/tmp/digests/${digest#sha256:}"
+    - name: Upload digest
+      uses: actions/upload-artifact@v3
+      with:
+        name: digests-build
+        path: /tmp/digests-build/*
+        if-no-files-found: error
+        retention-days: 1
+
+  merge-build:
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    needs:
+      - build
+    strategy:
+      fail-fast: false
+      matrix:
+        base_image_vsn:
+          - "5.0"
+    steps:
+      - name: Get ref
+        id: ref
+        run: echo "ref=${GITHUB_REF##*/}" >> $GITHUB_OUTPUT
+      - name: Set registry image
+        id: registry
+        run: |
+          echo "image=ghcr.io/${{ github.repository }}/${{ steps.ref.outputs.ref }}" | tee -a $GITHUB_OUTPUT
+      - name: Download digests
+        uses: actions/download-artifact@v3
+        with:
+          name: digests-build
+          path: /tmp/digests-build
+      - name: Set up Docker Buildx
+        uses: docker/setup-buildx-action@v3
+      - name: Docker meta
+        id: meta
+        uses: docker/metadata-action@v5
+        with:
+          images: ${{ steps.registry.outputs.image }}
+      - name: Login to Docker Hub
+        uses: docker/login-action@v3
+        with:
+          registry: ghcr.io
+          username: ${{ github.actor }}
+          password: ${{ github.token }}
+      - name: Create manifest list and push
+        working-directory: /tmp/digests-build
+        run: |
+          docker buildx imagetools create $(jq -cr '.tags | map("-t " + .) | join(" ")' <<< "$DOCKER_METADATA_OUTPUT_JSON") \
+            $(printf '${{ steps.registry.outputs.image }}@sha256:%s ' *)
+      - name: Inspect image
+        run: |
+          docker buildx imagetools inspect ${{ steps.registry.outputs.image }}:${{ steps.meta.outputs.version }}
 
   release:
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
-    needs: build
+    needs: merge-build
 
     if: startsWith(github.ref, 'refs/tags/')
 
diff --git a/.github/workflows/test.yaml b/.github/workflows/test.yaml
index e5b1f78..371c9ae 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/test.yaml
+++ b/.github/workflows/test.yaml
@@ -82,19 +82,19 @@ jobs:
         aws-region: ${{ secrets.AWS_DEFAULT_REGION }}
     - name: Get cache
       run: aws s3 sync s3://docker-buildx-cache/emqx-builder/${{ matrix.platform[0] }} /tmp/.docker-buildx-cache
-    - uses: docker/setup-qemu-action@v2
-    - uses: docker/setup-buildx-action@v2
+    - uses: docker/setup-qemu-action@v3
+    - uses: docker/setup-buildx-action@v3
       with:
         driver-opts: network=host
     - name: Build base image
-      uses: docker/build-push-action@v3
+      uses: docker/build-push-action@v5
       with:
         push: true
         platforms: ${{ matrix.platform[1] }}
         tags: localhost:5000/${{ github.repository }}/base-${{ matrix.base_image_vsn }}:${{ matrix.platform[0] }}
         file: ${{ matrix.platform[0] }}/Dockerfile
         context: .
-    - uses: docker/build-push-action@v3
+    - uses: docker/build-push-action@v5
       with:
         platforms: ${{ matrix.platform[1] }}
         build-args: |