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glance.html
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<h1 id="title" class="title">Web Sustainability Guidelines (WSG) 1.0 at a Glance</h1>
<p id="w3c-state">
<a href="https://www.w3.org/standards/types#reports">Draft Community Group Report</a>
<time class="dt-published" datetime="2024-04-11">11 April 2024</time>
</p>
<dl>
<dt>Latest published version:</dt><dd>
<a href="https://w3c.github.io/sustyweb/glance.html">https://w3c.github.io/sustyweb/glance.html</a>
</dd>
<dt>Latest editor's draft:</dt><dd><a href="https://w3c.github.io/sustyweb/glance.html">https://w3c.github.io/sustyweb/glance.html</a></dd>
<dt>Editors:</dt><dd class="editor p-author h-card vcard" data-editor-id="49702">
<a class="u-url url p-name fn" href="https://alexanderdawson.com/">Alexander Dawson</a>
</dd><dd class="editor p-author h-card vcard" data-editor-id="62394">
<a class="u-url url p-name fn" href="https://www.mightybytes.com/">Tim Frick</a> (<span class="p-org org h-org">Mightybytes</span>)
</dd><dd class="editor p-author h-card vcard">
<span class="p-name fn">Neil Clark</span> (<span class="p-org org h-org">TPXimpact</span>)
</dd>
<dt>Feedback:</dt><dd>
<a href="https://github.com/w3c/sustyweb/">GitHub w3c/sustyweb</a>
(<a href="https://github.com/w3c/sustyweb/pulls/">pull requests</a>,
<a href="https://github.com/w3c/sustyweb/issues/new/choose">new issue</a>,
<a href="https://github.com/w3c/sustyweb/issues/">open issues</a>)
</dd>
</dl>
<p class="copyright">
<a href="https://www.w3.org/policies/#copyright">Copyright</a>
©
2024
the Contributors to the Web Sustainability Guidelines (WSG) 1.0 at a Glance
Specification, published by the
<a href="https://www.w3.org/groups/cg/sustyweb">Sustainable Web Design Community Group</a> under the
<a href="https://www.w3.org/community/about/agreements/cla/">W3C Community Contributor License Agreement (CLA)</a>. A human-readable
<a href="https://www.w3.org/community/about/agreements/cla-deed/">summary</a>
is available.
</p>
<hr title="Separator for header">
</div>
<section id="abstract" class="introductory"><h2>Abstract</h2>
<p>This page provides a paraphrased summary of the Web Sustainability Guidelines (<abbr title="Web Sustainability Guidelines">WSG</abbr>) 1.0. For the normative technical specification, see <a href="https://w3c.github.io/sustyweb/">https://w3c.github.io/sustyweb/</a>.</p>
<p>It aims to be a helpful entry point for individuals and stakeholders who have an interest in digital sustainability and the work undertaken by the <a href="https://www.w3.org/groups/cg/sustyweb">Sustainable Web Design Community Group</a>.</p>
<p>While this document does provide a quick summary of numerous key aspects of the <abbr title="Web Sustainability Guidelines">WSG</abbr> specification, it must be established that it in no way should be used as a replacement for following the guidelines and success criteria as laid out in the complete, long-form specification. Reasons for this include that this summary is neither intended to be in-depth nor feature-complete. Therefore, its role as an overview to help orientate stakeholders to the specification's purpose in no way provides conformance to Web Sustainability criteria.</p>
<p>Help improve this page by sharing your ideas, suggestions, or comments via <a href="https://github.com/w3c/sustyweb/issues/">GitHub issues</a>.</p>
</section>
<section class="informative" id="introduction"><div class="header-wrapper"><h2 id="x1-introduction"><bdi class="secno">1. </bdi>Introduction</h2><a class="self-link" href="#introduction" aria-label="Permalink for Section 1."></a></div><p><em>This section is non-normative.</em></p>
<section id="context"><div class="header-wrapper"><h3 id="x1-1-context"><bdi class="secno">1.1 </bdi>Context</h3><a class="self-link" href="#context" aria-label="Permalink for Section 1.1"></a></div>
<p>The digital industry is now responsible for between 2-5% of global emissions [<cite><a class="bibref" data-link-type="biblio" href="#bib-ict-impact" title="The real climate and transformative impact of ICT: A critique of estimates, trends, and regulations">ICT-IMPACT</a></cite>] [<cite><a class="bibref" data-link-type="biblio" href="#bib-euc" title="Questions and Answers: EU action plan on digitalising the energy system">EUC</a></cite>], more than that of the aviation industry. Since the Paris Agreement, average web page sizes have increased by over 70% on desktop and 140% on mobile [<cite><a class="bibref" data-link-type="biblio" href="#bib-page-weight" title="Page Weight">PAGE-WEIGHT</a></cite>]. Between 2015 and 2021, internet visitors increased by 60%, whilst internet traffic increased by 440% [<cite><a class="bibref" data-link-type="biblio" href="#bib-data" title="Data Centres and Data Transmission Networks">DATA</a></cite>]. In essence, if the Internet were a country it would be one of the top five polluters. [<cite><a class="bibref" data-link-type="biblio" href="#bib-country" title="Internet - growing to surpass television - should be powered with clean energy">COUNTRY</a></cite>]</p>
</section>
<section id="summary"><div class="header-wrapper"><h3 id="x1-2-summary"><bdi class="secno">1.2 </bdi>Summary</h3><a class="self-link" href="#summary" aria-label="Permalink for Section 1.2"></a></div>
<p>The Web Sustainability Guidelines (<abbr title="Web Sustainability Guidelines">WSG</abbr>) 1.0 explains how to design and implement digital products and services that put people and the planet first. The guidelines are best practices based on measurable, evidence-based research; aimed at end-users, website creators, product owners, stakeholders, tool authors, educators, and policymakers. The guidelines are in line with the Sustainable Web Manifesto [<cite><a class="bibref" data-link-type="biblio" href="#bib-manifesto" title="Sustainable Web Manifesto">MANIFESTO</a></cite>].</p>
</section>
<section id="highlights"><div class="header-wrapper"><h3 id="x1-3-highlights"><bdi class="secno">1.3 </bdi>Highlights</h3><a class="self-link" href="#highlights" aria-label="Permalink for Section 1.3"></a></div>
<p>Knowing where to start, especially with a document as long and dense as the WSGs is quite a challenge. You may wish to scan through a supplement such as our <a href="https://w3c.github.io/sustyweb/quickref.html">quick reference</a> which provides a checklist-based overview of every guideline. Or if you just want a couple of important tasks you can dive right into them. If so, consider the below as a few of our highlights (though please note, that this doesn't reduce the importance of the others).</p>
<details>
<summary>Show / Hide highlights by category.</summary>
<p>The below will have a high impact on your product or service's digital sustainability:</p>
<dl>
<dt>User Experience Design</dt>
<dd><ul>
<li><a href="https://w3c.github.io/sustyweb/#assess-and-research-visitor-needs">2.2</a> - Assess and Research Visitor Needs</li>
<li><a href="https://w3c.github.io/sustyweb/#create-a-frictionless-lightweight-experience-by-default">2.6</a> - Create a Frictionless Lightweight Experience by Default</li>
<li><a href="https://w3c.github.io/sustyweb/#incorporate-compatibility-testing-into-each-release-cycle">2.29</a> - Incorporate Compatibility Testing Into Each Release-Cycle</li>
</ul></dd>
<dt>Web Development</dt>
<dd><ul>
<li><a href="https://w3c.github.io/sustyweb/#rigorously-assess-third-party-services">3.7</a> - Rigorously Assess Third-Party Services</li>
<li><a href="https://w3c.github.io/sustyweb/#manage-dependencies-appropriately">3.17</a> - Manage Dependencies Appropriately</li>
<li><a href="https://w3c.github.io/sustyweb/#align-technical-requirements-with-sustainability-goals">3.21</a> - Align Technical Requirements With Sustainability Goals</li>
</ul></dd>
<dt>Hosting, Infrastructure and Systems</dt>
<dd><ul>
<li><a href="https://w3c.github.io/sustyweb/#choose-a-sustainable-hosting-provider">4.1</a> - Choose a Sustainable Hosting Provider</li>
<li><a href="https://w3c.github.io/sustyweb/#optimize-browser-caching">4.2</a> - Optimize Browser Caching</li>
<li><a href="https://w3c.github.io/sustyweb/#compress-your-files">4.3</a> - Compress Your Files</li>
</ul></dd>
<dt>Business Strategy and Product Management</dt>
<dd><ul>
<li><a href="https://w3c.github.io/sustyweb/#have-an-ethical-and-sustainability-product-strategy">5.1</a> - Have an Ethical and Sustainability Product Strategy</li>
<li><a href="https://w3c.github.io/sustyweb/#estimate-a-product-or-service-s-environmental-impact">5.5</a> - Estimate a Product or Service's Environmental Impact</li>
<li><a href="https://w3c.github.io/sustyweb/#implement-continuous-improvement-procedures">5.12</a> - Implement Continuous Improvement Procedures</li>
</ul></dd>
</dl>
</details>
</section>
</section>
<section id="sotd" class="override introductory"></section><nav id="toc"><h2 class="introductory" id="table-of-contents">Table of Contents</h2><ol class="toc"><li class="tocline"><a class="tocxref" href="#abstract">Abstract</a></li><li class="tocline"><a class="tocxref" href="#introduction"><bdi class="secno">1. </bdi>Introduction</a><ol class="toc"><li class="tocline"><a class="tocxref" href="#context"><bdi class="secno">1.1 </bdi>Context</a></li><li class="tocline"><a class="tocxref" href="#summary"><bdi class="secno">1.2 </bdi>Summary</a></li><li class="tocline"><a class="tocxref" href="#highlights"><bdi class="secno">1.3 </bdi>Highlights</a></li></ol></li><li class="tocline"><a class="tocxref" href="#overview"><bdi class="secno">2. </bdi>Overview</a><ol class="toc"><li class="tocline"><a class="tocxref" href="#user-experience-design"><bdi class="secno">2.1 </bdi>User Experience Design</a></li><li class="tocline"><a class="tocxref" href="#web-development"><bdi class="secno">2.2 </bdi>Web Development</a></li><li class="tocline"><a class="tocxref" href="#hosting-infrastructure-and-systems"><bdi class="secno">2.3 </bdi>Hosting, Infrastructure and Systems</a></li><li class="tocline"><a class="tocxref" href="#business-strategy-and-product-management"><bdi class="secno">2.4 </bdi>Business Strategy and Product Management</a></li></ol></li><li class="tocline"><a class="tocxref" href="#references"><bdi class="secno">A. </bdi>References</a><ol class="toc"><li class="tocline"><a class="tocxref" href="#informative-references"><bdi class="secno">A.1 </bdi>Informative references</a></li></ol></li></ol></nav>
<section id="overview"><div class="header-wrapper"><h2 id="x2-overview"><bdi class="secno">2. </bdi>Overview</h2><a class="self-link" href="#overview" aria-label="Permalink for Section 2."></a></div>
<p>The guidelines should be seen as a starting point in a sustainability journey; they cover the following:</p>
<section id="user-experience-design"><div class="header-wrapper"><h3 id="x2-1-user-experience-design"><bdi class="secno">2.1 </bdi>User Experience Design</h3><a class="self-link" href="#user-experience-design" aria-label="Permalink for Section 2.1"></a></div>
<p>Covering research and ideation, journey design, content and assets, and quality assurance.</p>
<details>
<summary>Show / Hide available guidance.</summary>
<p>In relation to <strong>research and ideation</strong>, make sure you:</p>
<ul>
<li>Map all areas where your digital product <a href="https://w3c.github.io/sustyweb/#undertake-systemic-impacts-mapping">could impact people and the planet</a>.</li>
<li>Assess all <a href="https://w3c.github.io/sustyweb/#account-for-stakeholder-issues">stakeholder issues</a> as well as <a href="https://w3c.github.io/sustyweb/#assess-and-research-visitor-needs">visitor</a> and <a href="https://w3c.github.io/sustyweb/#research-non-visitor-s-needs">non-visitor</a> needs; then define appropriate <a href="https://w3c.github.io/sustyweb/#create-a-stakeholder-focused-testing-prototyping-policy">test policies</a>.</li>
<li>Consider the use of <a href="https://w3c.github.io/sustyweb/#consider-sustainability-in-early-ideation">low-carbon tools during ideation</a>.</li>
</ul>
<p>In relation to <strong>journey design</strong>, make sure you:</p>
<ul>
<li>Create a <a href="https://w3c.github.io/sustyweb/#create-a-frictionless-lightweight-experience-by-default">frictionless, lightweight experience</a>, using <a href="https://w3c.github.io/sustyweb/#use-recognized-design-patterns">recognized design patterns</a> that ensure navigation and way-finding <a href="https://w3c.github.io/sustyweb/#ensure-navigation-and-way-finding-are-well-structured">are well-structured</a>, the visitor's <a href="https://w3c.github.io/sustyweb/#respect-the-visitor-s-attention">attention is respected</a> and <a href="https://w3c.github.io/sustyweb/#avoid-manipulative-patterns">visitors aren't manipulated</a>.</li>
<li>Implement forms that are <a href="https://w3c.github.io/sustyweb/#provide-accessible-usable-minimal-web-forms">usable, accessible, and minimal</a> and <a href="https://w3c.github.io/sustyweb/#validate-form-errors-and-external-input">assist visitors with errors</a>.</li>
<li>Only implement <a href="https://w3c.github.io/sustyweb/#provide-useful-notifications-to-improve-the-visitor-s-journey">useful notifications</a> that improve the visitor's experience.</li>
</ul>
<p>In relation to <strong>content and assets</strong>, make sure you:</p>
<ul>
<li>Avoid <a href="https://w3c.github.io/sustyweb/#avoid-unnecessary-or-an-overabundance-of-assets">unnecessary assets</a>, but when they are needed, take a sustainable approach to <a href="https://w3c.github.io/sustyweb/#take-a-more-sustainable-approach-to-image-assets">images</a>, <a href="https://w3c.github.io/sustyweb/#take-a-more-sustainable-approach-to-media-assets">media</a>, <a href="https://w3c.github.io/sustyweb/#take-a-more-sustainable-approach-to-animation">animations</a>, <a href="https://w3c.github.io/sustyweb/#take-a-more-sustainable-approach-to-typefaces">typefaces</a>, and <a href="https://w3c.github.io/sustyweb/#reduce-the-impact-of-downloadable-or-physical-documents">documents</a>.</li>
<li>Provide <a href="https://w3c.github.io/sustyweb/#provide-suitable-alternatives-to-web-assets">alternatives to visual and audio content</a>, as well as facilitate <a href="https://w3c.github.io/sustyweb/#support-non-graphic-ways-to-interact-with-content">speech-based browsing</a> of your content.</li>
<li><a href="https://w3c.github.io/sustyweb/#write-with-purpose-in-an-accessible-easy-to-understand-format">Write with purpose, in an accessible, easy-to-understand format</a>.</li>
</ul>
<p>In relation to <strong>quality assurance</strong>, make sure you:</p>
<ul>
<li>Have <a href="https://w3c.github.io/sustyweb/#document-and-share-project-outputs">open working and documentation processes</a> such as <a href="https://w3c.github.io/sustyweb/#use-a-design-system-to-prioritize-interface-consistency">design systems</a>.</li>
<li>Conduct <a href="https://w3c.github.io/sustyweb/#conduct-regular-audits-regression-and-non-regression-tests">regular audits and testing</a>, including <a href="https://w3c.github.io/sustyweb/#incorporate-value-testing-into-each-major-release-cycle">value</a>, <a href="https://w3c.github.io/sustyweb/#incorporate-usability-testing-into-each-minor-release-cycle">usability</a>, and <a href="https://w3c.github.io/sustyweb/#incorporate-compatibility-testing-into-each-release-cycle">compatibility</a> testing into releases, as well as using inputs from visitor <a href="https://w3c.github.io/sustyweb/#incorporate-performance-testing-into-each-major-release-cycle">journey tracking</a> to identify issues / opportunities.</li>
</ul>
</details>
</section>
<section id="web-development"><div class="header-wrapper"><h3 id="x2-2-web-development"><bdi class="secno">2.2 </bdi>Web Development</h3><a class="self-link" href="#web-development" aria-label="Permalink for Section 2.2"></a></div>
<p>Covering development approach, code minimization, code coherence, and code security.</p>
<details>
<summary>Show / Hide available guidance.</summary>
<p>In relation to the <strong>development approach</strong>, make sure you:</p>
<ul>
<li>Identify indicators and metrics that will encourage sustainable development approaches, and use sustainability as a success criterion of your technical requirements.</li>
</ul>
<p>In relation to <strong>code minimization</strong>, make sure you:</p>
<ul>
<li>Focus on removing bottlenecks and reducing compute load on a visitor's device by <a href="https://w3c.github.io/sustyweb/#resolve-render-blocking-content">removing rendering blockages</a>, using <a href="https://w3c.github.io/sustyweb/#use-code-splitting-within-projects">code splitting</a>, <a href="https://w3c.github.io/sustyweb/#manage-dependencies-appropriately">managing dependencies</a>, taking advantage of <a href="https://w3c.github.io/sustyweb/#take-advantage-of-native-features">native features</a>, rigorously assessing <a href="https://w3c.github.io/sustyweb/#rigorously-assess-third-party-services">third-party code</a> / services, and <a href="https://w3c.github.io/sustyweb/#minify-your-html-css-and-javascript">minifying everything</a>.</li>
<li>Hunt out valueless code by <a href="https://w3c.github.io/sustyweb/#apply-tree-shaking-to-code">tree shaking your code</a>, <a href="https://w3c.github.io/sustyweb/#avoid-code-duplication">avoiding duplication</a>, <a href="https://w3c.github.io/sustyweb/#run-fewer-simpler-queries-as-possible">fewer and simpler queries</a>, and (sparingly) <a href="https://w3c.github.io/sustyweb/#use-beneficial-javascript-and-its-api-s">using the latest JavaScript and APIs</a>.</li>
</ul>
<p>In relation to <strong>code coherence</strong>, make sure you:</p>
<ul>
<li>Enable other tools to interpret your code by using <a href="https://w3c.github.io/sustyweb/#use-html-elements-correctly">HTML</a> and <a href="https://w3c.github.io/sustyweb/#use-metadata-correctly">metadata</a> correctly, adhering to <a href="https://w3c.github.io/sustyweb/#ensure-your-solutions-are-accessible">accessibility standards</a>, enabling <a href="https://w3c.github.io/sustyweb/#provide-code-based-way-finding-mechanisms">code-based way-finding</a>, avoiding <a href="https://w3c.github.io/sustyweb/#avoid-using-deprecated-or-proprietary-code">deprecated or proprietary code</a>, <a href="https://w3c.github.io/sustyweb/#include-files-that-are-automatically-expected">providing expected files</a>, and using the latest standards in relation to website assets.</li>
<li>Facilitate your visitor's low-carbon choices by using a <a href="https://w3c.github.io/sustyweb/#develop-a-mobile-first-layout">mobile-first layout</a> and <a href="https://w3c.github.io/sustyweb/#adapt-to-user-preferences">adapting to user preferences</a>.</li>
</ul>
<p>In relation to <strong>code security</strong>, make sure you:</p>
<ul>
<li>Use the <a href="https://w3c.github.io/sustyweb/#use-the-latest-stable-language-version">latest stable version</a> of your chosen code language and regularly ensure your <a href="https://w3c.github.io/sustyweb/#ensure-your-scripts-are-secure">scripts are secure</a>.</li>
</ul>
</details>
</section>
<section id="hosting-infrastructure-and-systems"><div class="header-wrapper"><h3 id="x2-3-hosting-infrastructure-and-systems"><bdi class="secno">2.3 </bdi>Hosting, Infrastructure and Systems</h3><a class="self-link" href="#hosting-infrastructure-and-systems" aria-label="Permalink for Section 2.3"></a></div>
<p>Covering environment commissioning, minimizing environment and data, and minimizing human disruption.</p>
<details>
<summary>Show / Hide available guidance.</summary>
<p>Make sure you:</p>
<ul>
<li>Commission environments by selecting a <a href="https://w3c.github.io/sustyweb/#choose-a-sustainable-hosting-provider">sustainable hosting provider</a>, ensuring support of <a href="https://w3c.github.io/sustyweb/#enable-asynchronous-processing-and-communication">asynchronous processing</a>, using the <a href="https://w3c.github.io/sustyweb/#use-the-lowest-infrastructure-tier-meeting-business-requirements">lowest appropriate infrastructure tier</a>, and minimizing the use of <a href="https://w3c.github.io/sustyweb/#limit-usage-of-additional-environments">additional environments</a>.</li>
<li>Minimize environments and reduce data transfer by <a href="https://w3c.github.io/sustyweb/#compress-your-files">compressing files</a>, <a href="https://w3c.github.io/sustyweb/#be-mindful-of-duplicate-data">managing duplicate data</a>, <a href="https://w3c.github.io/sustyweb/#store-data-according-to-visitor-needs">storing data</a> according to visitor needs, <a href="https://w3c.github.io/sustyweb/#optimize-browser-caching">optimizing caching</a>, <a href="https://w3c.github.io/sustyweb/#maintain-a-relevant-refresh-frequency">refreshing data</a> only when the visitor needs it, and using <a href="https://w3c.github.io/sustyweb/#consider-cdn-s-and-edge-caching">CDNs and edge caching</a>.</li>
<li>Reduce human disruption by <a href="https://w3c.github.io/sustyweb/#automate-to-fit-the-needs">automating where appropriate</a> and dealing with <a href="https://w3c.github.io/sustyweb/#use-error-pages-and-redirects-carefully">errors and redirects</a>.</li>
</ul>
</details>
</section>
<section id="business-strategy-and-product-management"><div class="header-wrapper"><h3 id="x2-4-business-strategy-and-product-management"><bdi class="secno">2.4 </bdi>Business Strategy and Product Management</h3><a class="self-link" href="#business-strategy-and-product-management" aria-label="Permalink for Section 2.4"></a></div>
<p>Covering reporting, disclosure, strategy, and policies from both an organizational and website / product level.</p>
<details>
<summary>Show / Hide available guidance.</summary>
<p>In relation to <strong>organizational level reporting and disclosure</strong>, make sure you:</p>
<ul>
<li>Assign <a href="https://w3c.github.io/sustyweb/#assign-a-sustainability-representative">responsibility for sustainability</a> as a core part of people's roles.</li>
<li>Define clear sustainability <a href="https://w3c.github.io/sustyweb/#define-clear-organizational-sustainability-goals-and-metrics">goals and metrics</a>, which are <a href="https://w3c.github.io/sustyweb/#verify-your-efforts-using-established-third-party-business-certifications">verified</a> and upon which you <a href="https://w3c.github.io/sustyweb/#support-mandatory-disclosures-and-reporting">report regularly</a> so that others can <a href="https://w3c.github.io/sustyweb/#raise-awareness-and-inform">follow in your footsteps</a>.</li>
</ul>
<p>In relation to <strong>organizational level strategy and policies</strong>, make sure you:</p>
<ul>
<li>Have <a href="https://w3c.github.io/sustyweb/#create-one-or-more-impact-business-models">business models</a> based on positive impact, which <a href="https://w3c.github.io/sustyweb/#share-decision-making-power-with-appropriate-stakeholders">actively listen to all stakeholders</a>, and ensure <a href="https://w3c.github.io/sustyweb/#share-economic-benefits">economic benefits are shared</a> with employees, suppliers, and wider society.</li>
<li>Define and implement policies for <a href="https://w3c.github.io/sustyweb/#use-justice-equity-diversity-inclusion-jedi-practices">Justice, Equity, Diversity and Inclusion</a>, ethical and responsible <a href="https://w3c.github.io/sustyweb/#include-responsible-financial-policies">finance / investments</a>, <a href="https://w3c.github.io/sustyweb/#include-organizational-philanthropy-policies">philanthropy</a>, working with suppliers who <a href="https://w3c.github.io/sustyweb/#create-a-supplier-standards-of-practice">align with your values</a>, <a href="https://w3c.github.io/sustyweb/#include-e-waste-right-to-repair-and-recycling-policies">reduction of e-waste</a>, <a href="https://w3c.github.io/sustyweb/#promote-responsible-data-practices">data privacy</a>, appropriate <a href="https://w3c.github.io/sustyweb/#implement-appropriate-data-management-procedures">data management</a>, and considered use of <a href="https://w3c.github.io/sustyweb/#promote-responsible-emerging-technology-practices">emerging technologies</a>.</li>
<li>Fully <a href="https://w3c.github.io/sustyweb/#implement-sustainability-onboarding-guidelines">induct your employees</a> on all of the above.</li>
</ul>
<p>In relation to <strong>product or website-level strategy policies</strong>, make sure you:</p>
<ul>
<li>Establish <a href="https://w3c.github.io/sustyweb/#establish-if-a-digital-product-or-service-is-necessary">if the product or website is needed</a>; if it is, then <a href="https://w3c.github.io/sustyweb/#determine-the-functional-unit">define its requirements</a>, design an ethical and sustainable <a href="https://w3c.github.io/sustyweb/#have-an-ethical-and-sustainability-product-strategy">product strategy</a> to guide it, <a href="https://w3c.github.io/sustyweb/#estimate-a-product-or-service-s-environmental-impact">estimate its emissions</a>, put <a href="https://w3c.github.io/sustyweb/#define-performance-and-environmental-budgets">budgets around those emissions</a>, and <a href="https://w3c.github.io/sustyweb/#communicate-the-ecological-impact-of-user-choices">communicate to visitors</a> the impact their decisions will have.</li>
<li>Once live, follow a <a href="https://w3c.github.io/sustyweb/#follow-a-product-management-and-maintenance-strategy">product management and maintenance strategy</a> to keep efficient, <a href="https://w3c.github.io/sustyweb/#implement-continuous-improvement-procedures">continuously improve it</a>, openly and honestly <a href="https://w3c.github.io/sustyweb/#document-future-updates-and-evolutions">communicate the changes you've made</a>, and <a href="https://w3c.github.io/sustyweb/#plan-for-a-digital-product-or-service-s-care-and-end-of-life">plan for its end of life</a>.</li>
<li>Use <a href="https://w3c.github.io/sustyweb/#use-open-source-tools">open source software</a>.</li>
</ul>
</details>
</section>
</section>
<section id="references" class="appendix"><div class="header-wrapper"><h2 id="a-references"><bdi class="secno">A. </bdi>References</h2><a class="self-link" href="#references" aria-label="Permalink for Appendix A."></a></div><section id="informative-references"><div class="header-wrapper"><h3 id="a-1-informative-references"><bdi class="secno">A.1 </bdi>Informative references</h3><a class="self-link" href="#informative-references" aria-label="Permalink for Appendix A.1"></a></div>
<dl class="bibliography"><dt id="bib-country">[COUNTRY]</dt><dd>
<a href="https://www.greenpeace.org/usa/internet-growing-to-suprass-television-should-be-powered-with-clean-energy/"><cite>Internet - growing to surpass television - should be powered with clean energy</cite></a>. David Pomerantz. 05 August 2013. Informational. URL: <a href="https://www.greenpeace.org/usa/internet-growing-to-suprass-television-should-be-powered-with-clean-energy/">https://www.greenpeace.org/usa/internet-growing-to-suprass-television-should-be-powered-with-clean-energy/</a>
</dd><dt id="bib-data">[DATA]</dt><dd>
<a href="https://www.iea.org/energy-system/buildings/data-centres-and-data-transmission-networks"><cite>Data Centres and Data Transmission Networks</cite></a>. IEA. 11 July 2023. Informational. URL: <a href="https://www.iea.org/energy-system/buildings/data-centres-and-data-transmission-networks">https://www.iea.org/energy-system/buildings/data-centres-and-data-transmission-networks</a>
</dd><dt id="bib-euc">[EUC]</dt><dd>
<a href="https://ec.europa.eu/commission/presscorner/detail/en/qanda_22_6229"><cite>Questions and Answers: EU action plan on digitalising the energy system</cite></a>. EU Commission. 18 October 2022. Informational. URL: <a href="https://ec.europa.eu/commission/presscorner/detail/en/qanda_22_6229">https://ec.europa.eu/commission/presscorner/detail/en/qanda_22_6229</a>
</dd><dt id="bib-ict-impact">[ICT-IMPACT]</dt><dd>
<a href="https://www.cell.com/patterns/pdfExtended/S2666-3899(21)00188-4"><cite>The real climate and transformative impact of ICT: A critique of estimates, trends, and regulations</cite></a>. Charlotte Freitag, Mike Berners-Lee, Kelly Widdicks, Bran Knowles, Gordon S. Blair, and Adrian Friday. 10 September 2021. Informational. URL: <a href="https://www.cell.com/patterns/pdfExtended/S2666-3899(21)00188-4">https://www.cell.com/patterns/pdfExtended/S2666-3899(21)00188-4</a>
</dd><dt id="bib-manifesto">[MANIFESTO]</dt><dd>
<a href="https://www.sustainablewebmanifesto.com/"><cite>Sustainable Web Manifesto</cite></a>. Tom Greenwood, Tim Frick, Mike Gifford, Andrew Boardman, Jack Amend, Matt Hocking, Jack Lenox, René Post, Chris Adams, James Christie, Jerome Toole, Chris Butterworth, Josh Stopper, Alex Hughes, Pete Markiewicz. 01 May 2019. Informational. URL: <a href="https://www.sustainablewebmanifesto.com/">https://www.sustainablewebmanifesto.com/</a>
</dd><dt id="bib-page-weight">[PAGE-WEIGHT]</dt><dd>
<a href="https://httparchive.org/reports/page-weight?start=2015_12_01&end=latest&view=list"><cite>Page Weight</cite></a>. HTTP Archive. 29 August 2023. Informational. URL: <a href="https://httparchive.org/reports/page-weight?start=2015_12_01&end=latest&view=list">https://httparchive.org/reports/page-weight?start=2015_12_01&end=latest&view=list</a>
</dd></dl>
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let minDiff = Infinity;
for (const rect of dfnRects) {
const { top, bottom } = rect;
const diffFromClickY = Math.abs((top + bottom) / 2 - y);
if (diffFromClickY < minDiff) {
minDiff = diffFromClickY;
closestTop = top;
}
}
const top = window.scrollY + closestTop + dfnRects[0].height;
const left = x - MARGIN;
panel.style.left = `${left}px`;
panel.style.top = `${top}px`;
// Find if the panel is flowing out of the window
const panelRect = panel.getBoundingClientRect();
const SCREEN_WIDTH = Math.min(window.innerWidth, window.screen.width);
if (panelRect.right > SCREEN_WIDTH) {
const newLeft = Math.max(MARGIN, x + MARGIN - panelRect.width);
const newCaretOffset = left - newLeft;
panel.style.left = `${newLeft}px`;
/** @type {HTMLElement} */
const caret = panel.querySelector(".caret");
caret.style.left = `${newCaretOffset}px`;
}
// As it's a dialog, we trap focus.
// TODO: when <dialog> becomes a implemented, we should really
// use that.
trapFocus(panel, dfn);
}
/**
* @param {HTMLElement} panel
* @param {HTMLElement} dfn
* @returns
*/
function trapFocus(panel, dfn) {
/** @type NodeListOf<HTMLAnchorElement> elements */
const anchors = panel.querySelectorAll("a[href]");
// No need to trap focus
if (!anchors.length) return;
// Move focus to first anchor element
const first = anchors.item(0);
first.focus();
const trapListener = createTrapListener(anchors, panel, dfn);
panel.addEventListener("keydown", trapListener);
// Hiding the panel releases the trap
const mo = new MutationObserver(records => {
const [record] = records;
const target = /** @type HTMLElement */ (record.target);
if (target.hidden) {
panel.removeEventListener("keydown", trapListener);
mo.disconnect();
}
});
mo.observe(panel, { attributes: true, attributeFilter: ["hidden"] });
}
/**
*
* @param {NodeListOf<HTMLAnchorElement>} anchors
* @param {HTMLElement} panel
* @param {HTMLElement} dfn
* @returns
*/
function createTrapListener(anchors, panel, dfn) {
const lastIndex = anchors.length - 1;
let currentIndex = 0;
return event => {
switch (event.key) {
// Hitting "Tab" traps us in a nice loop around elements.
case "Tab": {
event.preventDefault();
currentIndex += event.shiftKey ? -1 : +1;
if (currentIndex < 0) {
currentIndex = lastIndex;
} else if (currentIndex > lastIndex) {
currentIndex = 0;
}
anchors.item(currentIndex).focus();
break;
}
// Hitting "Enter" on an anchor releases the trap.
case "Enter":
hidePanel(panel);
break;
// Hitting "Escape" returns focus to dfn.
case "Escape":
hidePanel(panel);
dfn.focus();
return;
}
};
}
/** @param {HTMLElement} panel */
function hidePanel(panel) {
if (!panel) return;
panel.hidden = true;
panel.classList.remove("docked");
}
})()</script><script src="https://www.w3.org/scripts/TR/2021/fixup.js"></script></body></html>