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Bevölkerungsdichte + Junge(s) + + Knopfzelle + + Erwerbstätige Bevölkerung + Zeitaufteilung + Langlebiges Gebrauchtsgut + Kurzlebige Güter + Beifang + Güter + + @@ -1390,42 +12397,60 @@ Güter und Dienstleistungen + + + Zeitbudget + Belebte Umwelt + + Produktlebenszyklus + Umweltzeichen + + + Qualitätszertifizierung + + + Lebensstandard + Nebenprodukt + + Angebot und Nachfrage + + @@ -1436,80 +12461,108 @@ Ökologische Ungleichheit + + Soziale Ungleichheit + Mythos + Floriansprinzip + + Sozialpsychologie + + Soziale Vertretbarkeit + Naturgefühl + + Sozioökonomie + + + Kabel + + Zugang zu Verwaltungsdokumenten + Verwaltungsakt + + Gebietsregierung + Entscheidungshilfe + Ministerkompetenz + Bürger + Kommunalverwaltung + Territoriale Gemeinschaft + + Parlamentarische Debatte + Abiotischer Faktor + @@ -1517,154 +12570,208 @@ Cadmium + Ursache von Verwaltungsakten + Cadmiumverseuchung + Wirtschaftsplan + + Subsidiaritätsprinzip + Cäsium + Finanzhilfe + Internationale Hilfe + Öffentliche Hilfe + + Volkswirtschaftliche Gesamtrechnung + Nebenkonto + Haushaltsausgaben + + Öffentliche Ausgaben + + Interventionsfonds + Geldmittel + Europäischer Währungsfond + Internationaler Währungsfonds + Ökonomischer Anreiz + Steueranreiz + + Bruttoinlandsprodukt + Sondersteuer + + Verfahrensanalyse + + + Audit + + + Bewertung von Naturerben + + + Wasserkosten + + Ökomarketing + Erbherrliches Management + Umweltschutzinvestition + + Umweltmarkt + + + Umweltschutzprämie + + Wasserpreisfestlegung + + Umwelttheorie + Handelsaktivität + Kommunalentwicklung + Marktstudie + Verwaltungsvorgang + @@ -1697,43 +12804,64 @@ Handelsfreiheit + + Entwicklungsländer + + Nord-Süd-Beziehung + + Calcium + Berechnung + + Dichte + + Räumliche Verteilung + + + Ökonomische Daten + + Calciumgehalt + + + Index + + @@ -1741,49 +12869,63 @@ Volkszählung + Statistische Reihe + Meinungsumfrage + Berechnungsverfahren + + Rate + Jahreszeitliche Schwankung + + Wissenschaftlicher Beirat + + Wissenschaftlicher Disput + Kalibrierung + Anwendungsforschung + Wissenschaftliche Forschung + @@ -1799,35 +12941,46 @@ Kalibrieren von Meßinstrumenten + Agrarwissenschaft + Agrarsystem + Agrarkatastrophe + + Landwirtschaftliche Unterbewertung + + Ländliche Entwicklung + + Landwirtschaftlicher Wasserbau + Agrartechnik + @@ -1848,65 +13001,89 @@ Futterpflanze + Hndelsgärtnerei + + Saatgut + Pflanzenbehandlung + Pflanzenschutzbehandlung + Vogelzucht + Zuchttechnik + Herdenwanderung + + Verwaltungsgenehmigung + Mineralischer Bodenverbesserer + + + Entwässern + + Roden und Verbrennen + + Kreide + + + Stickstoffdünger + + + @@ -1914,10 +13091,15 @@ Camping + + Phosphatdünger + + + @@ -1926,6 +13108,9 @@ Kalidünger + + + @@ -1933,49 +13118,73 @@ Reinigung durch den Boden + + + Bodenauslaugung + + + Mineralstoff + + + Organische Substanz + + + + Campingplatz + + + Entwässerungsanlage + Bewässerungsanlage + + Salzgehalt des Bodens + + Agronomischer Wert + Bergwirtschaft + + @@ -1983,62 +13192,89 @@ Ländliche Raumplanung + Management von Touristenaktivitäten + Forstbetriebsgemeinschaft + + Ausrüstungsplan + + Annäherung + Kanal (Wasserstraße) + + + Bahnhof (Eisenbahn) + + Busbahnhof + + + Straßenbaustoffe + + + Ingenieurbau + Eisenbahnnetz + + + Straßennetz + + + Schiffahrt + + @@ -2048,51 +13284,76 @@ Handelsschiffahrt + + + Kombiverkehr + Krebskrankheit + Städtisches Gemeinwesen + + Stadtentwicklungsdokument + + Stadtrandgebiet + + Einfamilienhaus + + + Flächennutzungsplan + + + + Stadtplanung und -entwicklung + Flächennutzungsverwaltung + + + + Krebsrisiko + + @@ -2100,47 +13361,66 @@ Neustadt + + Gebiet mit Vorkaufsrecht + + + Eingriff in die Raumordnung + + Canidae + Ländliche Architektur + Traditionelle Architektur + Gebäudezerstörung + Städtisches Ingenieurwesen + + Gebäuderestaurierung + + + + Eidesstattliche Erklärung + Qualitätsnorm + @@ -2148,14 +13428,17 @@ Europäische Norm + ISO-Norm + Technische Vorschriften + @@ -2170,55 +13453,75 @@ Kodifizierung + Lehrmeinung + Transportrecht + + Ländliches Recht + + Tierrechte + + + + Rechte der zukünftigen Generationen + + Bürgerrechte + + Automobil + Vermerk + + Rundschreiben + Gemeinschaftsregelung + Ordnung + @@ -2227,16 +13530,21 @@ Verwaltungsvorschrift + + Technische Anleitung + + Gesetz + @@ -2277,26 +13585,34 @@ Jagdschein + + Baugenehmigung + + Fischereilizenz + + Gesetzentwurf + Regulierung + @@ -2318,62 +13634,82 @@ Umsetzung von Richtlinien + Konzession + Öffentliche Diskussion + Gemeinnützigkeitserklärung + + Privater Bereich + Öffentlicher Wasserweg + + + Öffentliche Meeresgebietsnutzung + + + + Zugangsberechtigung + Volksfürsorgeanhörung + Öffentliche Anhörung + Delegiertes Management + Staatliche Kontrolle + Erleichterung + Verbrechen + @@ -2383,34 +13719,43 @@ Polizeimacht + Strafprozess + Gerichtsurteil + Konflikt + + Rechtsstreit + Verwaltungsgericht + Gerichtshof der Europäischen Gemeinschaften + Recht + @@ -2419,22 +13764,27 @@ Prozeß + Kohlenhydrat + + Gericht + Kohlenstoff + @@ -2444,117 +13794,161 @@ Mietvertrag + Zertifizierung + + Billigung + Carbonat + Meldung + Vorkaufsrecht + + + Vorschrift + Unterdrückung + Devolution + Schadstofffluß + Ozean-Luft Schnitstelle + + + + Schadstoffwanderung + Zufällige Verunreinigung + Bakteriologische Verunreinigung + + Kohlenstoffkreislauf + Diffuse Verschmutzung + Hausschmutz + + Mineralische Verunreinigung + + Organische Verunreinigung + Photochemische Verunreinigung + + + Terrestrische Meeresverunreinigung + + + Toxische Verunreinigung + + Entsorgung in Flüsse + + + Unterirdische Entsorgung + + Stadtbedingter Schadstoff + + Vorbeugungsmaßnahme + @@ -2568,6 +13962,7 @@ Schutzmaßnahme + @@ -2578,21 +13973,27 @@ Starke Acidität + Biomarker + Biologische Verunreinigung + + Chemische Verunreinigung + + @@ -2603,6 +14004,9 @@ Biologische Schadstoffwirkung + + + @@ -2610,6 +14014,8 @@ Kohlendioxid + + @@ -2618,38 +14024,62 @@ Irreversibilität eines Phänomens + + Qualitätsziel + Feststoffteilchen + + + + Reinigungskraft + + + + + CO2-Abgabe + + + Sensor + + Instrumentierung + + Metrologie + Beobachtungssatellit + + + + @@ -2658,11 +14088,13 @@ Atrazine + Organischer Stickstoff + @@ -2670,86 +14102,115 @@ Halogenverbindung + Kohlenmonoxid + + Schwefelmonoxid + Pyralene + Asbestose + Gentoxizität + + Intoxikation + + Tierkörperbeseitigung + + Biotest + + Gesamtorganischer Kohlenstoff + + + Chemische Zersetzung + Laborversuch + Biotischer Index + Oxidierbarer Stoff + Gelöster Sauerstoff + + Photodegradation + Unlöslicher Stoff + Nicht flüchtiger Stoff + + Schwach abbaubarer Stoff + + @@ -2757,47 +14218,60 @@ Flüchtiger Stoff + + Chemische Korrosivität + Physikalisch-chemische Analyse + + Kanzerogenität + Experimentalstudie + Körnung + Kanzerogenitätsprüfung + + Probenahme (English = sampling) + Chemisches Produkt + + @@ -2833,80 +14307,106 @@ Brennbares Produkt + Organoleptische Eigenschaft + + Kanzerogener Stoff + + + Gehörorgan + + Herzkreislaufsystem + + Kardiologie + + Kreislauferkrankung + Enterovirus + + Tierbiologie + Pflanzenbiologie + + Genpool + Hörschärfe + + Dezibel + Akustische Qualität + Karibik + Geräuschspektrum + Tierfresser + @@ -2916,56 +14416,85 @@ Mechanische Schwingung + + Luftschall + + Hintergrundgeräusch + Rollgeräusch + + Nachbarschaftslärm + + Akustisches Wohlbefinden + + Lärmexpositionsplan + + + + Gezeitenkraftwerk + + + + Hydroelektrische Energie + + Kleinkraftwerk + + + Wassermühle + + + + Ökologische Belastbarkeit + @@ -2975,24 +14504,39 @@ Carry-over + + Steuerbefreiung von Kraftwerken + + + + Adsorption + + + + + Kartographie + + Radioaktives Element + + @@ -3002,14 +14546,21 @@ Schneller Reaktor + + + + Kontaminierte Böden + + Atmosphärischer Aerosol + @@ -3018,10 +14569,17 @@ Autoreifen + + + + Biokraftstoff + + + @@ -3033,139 +14591,195 @@ Waldsterben + + + + Ethanol + Verunreinigung durch Kraftfahrzeuge + + + Atmosphärischer Fallout + + Umweltfreundliches Auto + + Nutzpflanze + Paläoklimatologie + + Kontinentalklima + Wüstenklima + Äquatoriales Klima + Mittelmeerklima + Bergklima + Meeresklima + Gemäßigtes Klima + Trophisches Klima + atmosphärische Inversion + Gewitter + + + Katalyse + Glatteis + + Untergrundwassergewinnung + + Wasserinfiltration in den Boden + + Erwachsene + + Katalysator + + Freies Grundwasser + + Schutz des Wassereinzugsbereichs + + + Wasserstandschutz + + + Abgaskatalysator + + + + Hochwasserabfluß + Stauseefüllung + + Hydrometrie + + Katastrophe + @@ -3173,18 +14787,26 @@ Hochwasserprognose + + Hydrographisches Netz + Sedimentologie + + Hydrographisches Becken + + + @@ -3195,27 +14817,42 @@ Gewässereinzugsgebiet + + + Badegewässer (Süßwasser) + + + Privatgewässer + + Öffentliches Gewässer + + + Moor + Wasserentsalzung + + + @@ -3223,56 +14860,83 @@ Badegewässer (Meerwasser) + + + Meeresauslaß + Ausbeutung des Ozeans + + Anschwellen + + Ästuarverschmutzung + + + Fließgewässerwirtschaft + + + Spülen + Kanalschleuse + + + Erwachsenenbildung + Fangertrag + Schneiden von Wasserpflanzen + + Uferschutz + + Kategorie der bedrohten Arten + + + @@ -3285,54 +14949,79 @@ Staubecken + + Dammdrainage + + Korrodierende Wirkung von Wasser + + Wassergüteverbesserung + + Wassergeschmack + + Grünschlick + + + Schwebstoffe + + + + Wassersalzgehalt + + Auffangbecken + + Kationen + Springbrunnen + + Wasserbehälter + @@ -3341,16 +15030,23 @@ Rinder + + Wasserentmineralisierung + + + Abwasserbehandlung vor Ort + + @@ -3358,49 +15054,78 @@ Sammelabwasserbehandlung + + + Regenwasserbecken + + + + Regenwasserkanalisation + + + Trennkanalisation + + + Mischkanalisation + + Wasserbelüftung + + Einzelabwasserbehandlung + + + Sedimentationsbecken + + Biofilter + + Benutztes Wasser + + Städtisches Abwasser + + + @@ -3408,133 +15133,194 @@ Abfallbehandlungsabwasser + + + Biologische Abwasserbehandlung + + + Schlammteichverfahren + + Vorsorgeprinzip + Wasserregenerierung + Wasserbewirtschaftung + + + + Höhle + + Abfallsortierungsanlage + + Schrotthaufen + + Rückgewinnungsindustrie + + + + Energetische Abfallverwertung + + Stoffliche Abfallverwertung + + Strandreinigung + + Sperrmüll + Alkalische Batterie + + Elektrische Batterie + + Abfallsanierung + Abfälle aus dem Gesundheitswesen + Sonderindustrieabfall + + + Altmetall + Mineralstoffabfall + Zelle + + Wrack + Mineralöl + + + Molke + + Abfallversenkung + + + Zelle (galvanisch) + + Zerkleinerungsrückstände + Reinigungsrückstände + + Verbrennungsrückstand + + + @@ -3542,128 +15328,186 @@ Schlammbeseitigung + + + Entwässerter Schlamm + Cellulose + + Restklärschlamm + + Verdickung + + Schlammstabilisierung + + Zellstoffindustrie + + + Industrietätigkeit + + Industriebrachland + + + + Nichtöffentliche Anlage + Zement + + Vierteilen + Schweinestall + + + Zementindustrie + + + Ölförderung + + Kohlenwasserstofftank + + + Ölbohrung + + + + Zementherstellung + + Gesamtentnahme + + Maschinenbauindustrie + + Holzerzeugungskette + Verpackungsindustrie + + Zentralafrika + Zentralamerika + Zentralasien + Tropfkörperbehandlung + + + Dechlorierung + + Ingenieurwesen + @@ -3682,35 +15526,58 @@ Methanisierung + + + Zentralregierung + Aerobe Behandlung + + + Werbung + + Anaerobe Behandlung + + + Biologische Behandlung + + + + + + Physikalisch-chemische Behandlung + + + + + @@ -3727,6 +15594,10 @@ Physikalische Behandlung + + + + @@ -3742,65 +15613,92 @@ Mechanische Abwasserreinigung + + Sekundärbehandlung + + Weitergehende Abwasserbehandlung + + Zentralisierung + Verglasung + + Zentrifugation + Kopffüßer + Unterirdischer Steinbruch + + + Keramik + Geotechnik + Gebirgsmechanik + Keramikindustrie + + Buschlichtung + + Waldbrandverhütung + + + Hochwasserschutz + + + @@ -3810,32 +15708,46 @@ Bodensanierung in Bergregionen + + + + Bodenstabilität + Vulkanologie + + Antiseismische Regelung + + Cetacea + Öffentliche Sicherheit + Arbeitsschutz + + + @@ -3843,10 +15755,14 @@ Risikoexposition + Gefahrenzone + + + @@ -3857,6 +15773,7 @@ Technischer Unfall + @@ -3864,14 +15781,18 @@ Morbus Chagas + Umweltkatastrophe + Nukleare Gefahr + + @@ -3879,34 +15800,52 @@ Konzernverwaltung + Risikoanlage + + Gefährliche Anlage + + + Biotechnologische Gefahr + + Atomrisiko + + + + Gefahrguttransport + + + Katastrophengebiet + + + @@ -3914,23 +15853,33 @@ Wertewandel + + Gefahrenanalyse + Vorbeugende Information + + + Risikoexpositionsplan + Kanalisierung + + + @@ -3938,6 +15887,9 @@ Schadensversicherung + + + @@ -3945,42 +15897,61 @@ Umweltschutzversicherung + + + + Wasserschaden + + Schadensbewertung + Produktwerbung + + Holzkohle + + Bewerbung + Schadensausgleich + + + verhandelbare Gebühr + + + Öffentliche Institution + @@ -3988,117 +15959,156 @@ Öffentliche Verwaltungseinrichtung + Öffentliche Industrie- und Handelseinrichtung + Karte + Beratungsdienst + Kieferfühler + Patent + Chemische Analyse + + Pressemitteilung + Sprache + + Chemische Zusammensetzung + Umweltstudie + + Absorption (biologisch) + + Gutachten + + Kinofilm + + Dokumentarfilm + + Pflanzenliste + + Bericht an den Minister + Parlamentarischer Bericht + + Gesetzestext + Dissertation + Chemische Dekontamination + + + CD-ROM + Informationszentrum + Chemotechnik + Technische Information + Fallout (Chemikalien) + + Informationsnetz + @@ -4106,6 +16116,9 @@ Chemischer Dünger + + + @@ -4115,12 +16128,15 @@ Untersuchung + Methode + + @@ -4133,12 +16149,16 @@ Eisen- und Stahlindustrie + Chemische Industrie + + + @@ -4148,16 +16168,24 @@ Städtischer Lebensraum + + + Wildfauna + Raumordnung und -planung + + + + @@ -4167,78 +16195,112 @@ Ländlicher Lebensraum + + + + Grundwasserqualität + + Zielsetzung + + Chemieanlage + + + Ontogenese + Grundstückssteuer + + Offene Rasenfläche + Biologischer Kreislauf + Chemische Ozeanographie + Menschlicher Lebensraum + + Ballung + + Hausgarten + + + + Photographie + + Flaschenverschluß + + + Eisenschrott + + Wahlverfahren + Agrarstruktur + @@ -4246,10 +16308,12 @@ Haushaltspolitik + Chemische Schädlingsbekämpfung + @@ -4258,28 +16322,35 @@ Kooperationspolitik + Internationales Gleichgewicht + Finanzen der Gemeinschaft + + Organisation des Rechtssystems + Rechte + + @@ -4289,22 +16360,27 @@ Wirtschaftsstruktur + Vertrieb + + Währungsbeziehungen + Geldwirtschaft + @@ -4313,23 +16389,29 @@ Freier Kapitalverkehr + Sozialer Rahmen + Sozialer Schutz + Organisation des Unterrichtswesens + Unternehmensorganisation + + @@ -4338,46 +16420,65 @@ Chemiewerk + + + + Unternehmensarten + + Rechtsform einer Gesellschaft + Nutzung der landwirtschaftlichen Fläche + Landwirtschaftliches Betriebsmittel + Landwirtschaftliches Verarbeitungserzeugnis + + Landwirtschafts- und Ernährungssektor + + Chemiepolitik + + Wirtschaftsgeographie + + + Kredit + @@ -4386,15 +16487,20 @@ Freiheit + Industriestruktur + + Chemischer Schadstoff + + @@ -4403,22 +16509,32 @@ Vorrat + + Sterilisation (biologisch) + + + Umweltökonomie (betrieblich) + + Ertrag (landwirtschaftlich) + Lösung von Umweltproblemen + + @@ -4427,16 +16543,23 @@ Futterpflanze + + + Industriepflanze + + Verunreinigung durch Chemikalien + + @@ -4444,57 +16567,77 @@ Textilpflanze + + Tropische Pflanze + Landwirtschaftliches Grundeigentum + Landwirtschaftliches Unternehmen + Besitzart + + Geophysikalische Umwelt + Petrochemie + + Parachemie + + Eiweißerzeugnis + + Behandeltes Lebensmittel + + Belüftung + + + Chemischer Vorgang + @@ -4505,20 +16648,25 @@ zubereitetes Lebensmittel + Bergbauliches Erzeugnis + + Wurzelgemüse + Anbausystem + @@ -4526,6 +16674,7 @@ Nutzpflanzenproduktion + @@ -4533,19 +16682,27 @@ Fischereistruktur + Fanggrund + Kohlenindustrie + + + Energiewirtschaft + + + @@ -4555,33 +16712,48 @@ Kommunikationsindustrie + + + + Datenverarbeitungsindustrie + + + Vakuumindustrie + + Produktverpackung und-aufmachung + + Feinmechanik + + Materialtechnologie + Chemische Kenngröße + @@ -4599,29 +16771,36 @@ Militärische Ausrüstung + Audiovisuelle Ausrüstung + Maschine + Mechanische Geräte und Anlagen + Überdruckausrüstung + Heiztechnische Ausrüstung + + @@ -4634,40 +16813,58 @@ Industrielle Fertigung + + Unternehmensgröße + + Geschäftsgebaren + + Tätigkeitsbereich des Unternehmens + + Verwaltungsberuf + + Gebäudeausrüstung + + Beförderungsart + + Verkehrsziel + Umweltzerstörung + + + @@ -4682,21 +16879,26 @@ Haushaltsplan der Gemeinschaft + + wirtschaftliche Stützung + Rechnungswesen + Chemische Reaktion + @@ -4717,14 +16919,19 @@ Wirtschaftsprognose + Zolltarif + + Handelsgeschäft + + @@ -4733,121 +16940,162 @@ Lohnpolitik + + Europäisches Währungssystem + Geldmarkt + Devisenpolitik + Kreditpolitik + + Öffentliche Schuld + Verbrauchssteuer + + Vermögenssteuer + Einkommenssteuer + + Steuerpolitik + + Agrarpreis + + Marktpreis + Beförderungsentgelt + + Preispolitik + + Konzentration wirtschaftlicher Macht + Unternehmensstruktur + + Chemierisiko + + Finanzgebaren + Betriebliches Rechnungswesen + Unternehmenspolitik + + Wettbewerbsbeschänkung + + Internationales Zivilrecht + Völkerrecht + internationales Wirtschaftsrecht + + Strafrechtliche Verantwortlichkeit + Öffentlichkeit Auftrag + Chemikalien + + @@ -4877,75 +17125,99 @@ Zollvorschrift + + Familienrecht + Verkehrsvorschriften + + Lenkung der Agrarproduktion + Strafvollzugsrecht + Immobilienvermietung + + + Datenverarbeitungsrecht + + Wettbewerbsrecht + Kartellabsprache + + EG-Vertrag + Chemikaliengesetz + + Verkehrpolitische Regelung + + Rechtsordnung der Gemeinschaft + Rechtsakt der Gemeinschaft + Regelung + Gerichtsverfahren + @@ -4957,18 +17229,22 @@ Zugang zur Rechtspflege + Organisation + Organ der Rechtspflege + Rechtssystem + @@ -4976,6 +17252,7 @@ Verwaltungsorganisation + @@ -4989,6 +17266,8 @@ Gesetzesinitiative + + @@ -4998,6 +17277,7 @@ Managementtechnik + @@ -5006,6 +17286,7 @@ Institutionelle Struktur + @@ -5020,47 +17301,61 @@ Institutionelle Aktivität + Gemeinsame Handelspolitik + Gemeinsamer Zolltarifpolitik + Forschungspolitik + Baupolitik + Kommunikationspolitik + Produktionspolitik + + Umweltchemikalien + + Weltraumforschung + Wirtschaftsraum + + Beihilfepolitik + @@ -5071,23 +17366,30 @@ Humanitäre Hilfe + internationaler Konflikt + Erhaltung des Friedens + Umweltschutzmaßnahme + + + Bildungsstand + @@ -5105,27 +17407,35 @@ Allgemeinbildung + Schularbeiten + Schulisches Leben + Unterrichtsmaterial + + Dokumentationssystem + Kommunikationsmittel + + @@ -5134,10 +17444,13 @@ Kommunikationssystem + + Datenverarbeitungssystem + @@ -5145,29 +17458,40 @@ Gesellschaftliche Analyse + + Verhaltenswissenschaften + + Medizinischer Beruf + + Chemikalienprüfung + Künstliche Fortpflanzung + Gesundheit der Tiere + + + @@ -5175,76 +17499,107 @@ Kriegsopfer + + Binnenwanderung + geographische Verteilung der Bevölkerung + + Bevölkerungsaufbau + Recht des Einzelnen + + Chemische Struktur + wirtschaftliche Rechte + + + Politische Bewegung + Politische Ideologie + Familienstand + Sozio-kulturelle Gruppe + Beschäftigungsstruktur + + Beruflicher Status + Beendigung des Arbeitsverhältnisses + Landwirtschaftliche Erwerbsbevölkerung + + + Urlaub aus sozialen Gründen + Arbeitskräfte + + Chemische Aufbereitung + + + + + @@ -5254,24 +17609,35 @@ Chemische Abfallbehandlung + + Chemikalienabfall + + + Chemische Waffen + + + Chemisorption + Chemie + + @@ -5285,119 +17651,168 @@ Luftbild + Kind + + Schornstein + + Lager + Ufer + + + Holzabladen + Lizenzgebühr + Charta + + + Tierfäkalien + + + Schornsteinhöhe + + + + Finanzielle Zuwendung + Instandhaltung + Malerwerkstatt + + Saline + + Wanderweg + + + Überlauf + + + Steckling + Ökobilanz + + Stickstoffoxid + + + Ofen + + Flattertiere + Rind + Chlorid + Chlorkohlenwasserstoff + Genehmigung + Chlorung + + Reinigung + @@ -5405,136 +17820,190 @@ Chlor + Innenstadt + + Chlorethylen + Schleusentor + + + Fluorchlorkohlenwasserstoff + + + Lärmwirkung + + + + FCKW-Halon-Verbot + + H-FCKW + + + Chlorphenol + Chlorophyll + + Laubholz + + Mischwald + + Chlorose + + Strafsanktion + Nadelbaum + + Chromatographische Analyse + + Chromatografie + + Chrom + Chrysophyten + Notunterkunft + + + Abfalltrennung durch den Verursacher + Kirche + + + Küstenzonenmanagement + Ministeriumsgebäude + Luftbildfotographie + Bürgerbewußtstein + Sumpf + Gesetzgebung + + + Großstadt + + @@ -5542,52 +18011,75 @@ Innenstadt + + Mehrwegpackung + Abgasausbreitung + + Zwischenprodukt + + Mutagener Stoff + + + Städtische Müllkippe + + Aerobe Bedingung + + + Zivilluftverkehr + Teratogener Stoff + + Bautechnik + + Zivilschutz + + Zivilrecht + @@ -5595,72 +18087,98 @@ Stadtwerke (Wärmeversorgung) + Erstattungsanspruch + Verbandsklagerecht + Klassifikation + Lehm + Verbrauchsteuer + Zweiflügler + Nadelholz + + Sanierung + + + + Stadtreinigung + Reinigungsmittel + Untergrundbahn + Öffentliche Auftragsvergabe + Aerober Prozess + + + Saubere Technologie + + + + + Gentechnisch Veränderte Organismen + @@ -5668,14 +18186,18 @@ Kreuzfahrt + + Oberflächenaktive Verbindung + Klima + @@ -5693,10 +18215,15 @@ pH-Wert + Klimawirkung + + + + @@ -5706,31 +18233,41 @@ Handwerksbetrieb + Tierkadaver + + Klimaschutz + + Seekarte + Klimaressourcen + + Naturschutzpolitik + Klimatyp + @@ -5743,11 +18280,15 @@ Klimaentwicklung + + Klimaänderung + + @@ -5762,16 +18303,20 @@ Umweltsanierung + Klimaexperiment + + Klimafaktor + @@ -5779,6 +18324,9 @@ Klimazone + + + @@ -5786,6 +18334,8 @@ Klimatologie + + @@ -5793,28 +18343,37 @@ Aerobiologie + + Klimax + + Mauervegetation + Krankheitsbild + Umweltabgaben + Bergbau + + @@ -5831,95 +18390,123 @@ Klonen + Schwarzes Meer + Kaspisches Meer + Mittelmeer + Einheimisches Wissen + + Berufsgenossenschaft + + Thema + Persistenter organischer Schadstoff + Sedimentmobilisierung + + Zerstörung des Lebensraums + + + Terrestrische Aktivität + Physikalische Veränderung + + Sektorale Bewertung + Informationsinfrastruktur + Geographisch kodierte Information + + Datenzentrum + Internet-Provider + Stillegung + Elektronisches Informationsnetz + Fernnetz + Internet + @@ -5932,90 +18519,113 @@ World Wide Web + Homepage + Hypertext + Schwarzes Brett (Internet) + Nachrichtengruppe + Elektronische Post + Multimediatechnologie + Betriebsschliessung + Audiovisuelle Darstellung + Informationsausstattung + Ausstellungsstück + Mitteilungsblatt + Radiosendung + Fernsehsendung + Öffentlichkeitsarbeit + Bibliographisches Informationssystem + Bibliographische Information + Verweisinformationssystem + Verweisinformation + Statistisches Informationssystem + Statistische Information + Bibliotheksdienst + + @@ -6026,53 +18636,65 @@ Informationsvermittlungsdienst + Dokumentenindexierung + Dokumentenausleihe + Fernleihe + Selektive Informationsverbreitung + Bekleidung + CD-ROM Suchdienst + Internet-Suchdienst + Informationsvermittlungsstelle + Entscheidungshilfesystem + Softwareentwicklung + Informationsaustausch + @@ -6081,38 +18703,49 @@ Relationale Datenbank + Multispektralscanner + Auflösung + Bekleidungsindustrie + + Pixel + Spektralband + Ortsbestimmung + Digitales Bildverarbeitungssystem + Digitale Bildverarbeitung + + @@ -6121,88 +18754,113 @@ Mustererkennung + + Mosaik + Bildgebendes Filtern + Bildverbesserung + Geometrische Korrektur + Wolke + Bildüberlagerung + Bildklassifikation + Kontrollierte Bildklassifikation + Nichtkontrollierte Bildklassifikation + Farbzusammensetzung + Atmosphärische Korrektur + GIS Digitalsystem + + GIS Digitalformat + Vektor + Punkt + + Linie + + Polygon + Raster + Eigenschaft + GIS Digitalverfahren + @@ -6217,36 +18875,46 @@ Interpolation + Gitternetz + Raster zu Vektor + Vektor zu Raster + Staatsgrenze + Innerstaatliche Grenze + Verwaltungsgrenze + + Geographisch kodierte Daten + + @@ -6255,138 +18923,193 @@ Geographische Projektion + Koordinatensystem + Breitengrad + Längengrad + Fernerkundungszentrum + + GIS-Labor + Online-Dienst + Deponieuntergrund + Betriebswirtschaft + + Abschreckung + Altlast + + + Aussenbereich + + Tiefseebergbau + + + Gülle + + + + Elektrowarenindustrie + + + Dienstleistungsgewerbe + + Gewässersanierung + + Nahwärmeversorgung + + Spediteur + + Abfallvermeidung + + + Natureigenrecht + Umweltdelikt + Landesrecht + Landesbehörde + Internationaler Vergleich + Fahrwegfestlegung + + + Immissionsüberwachung + + + + Bürgerinitiative + Belastungsgebiet + + Speicherung + + @@ -6398,22 +19121,29 @@ Bergrückzugsgebiet + Weltraumforschung + Rote Liste + Koagulation + + Kohle + + @@ -6422,38 +19152,54 @@ Energie auf Kohlebasis + Dämmstoff + + Dekantieren + + + + + + Kohlekraftwerk + + + + + + + @@ -6461,6 +19207,9 @@ + Anpassung an den Klimawandel + Vorbereitung auf die Lebensumstände in einem sich verändernden Klima + @@ -6468,23 +19217,33 @@ + + + + + + + + oberirdische Biomasse + die gesamte lebende Biomasse oberhalb des Erdbodens einschließlich Stamm, Stumpf, Ästen, Rinde, Samen und Blattwerk + @@ -6495,12 +19254,14 @@ + + @@ -6508,6 +19269,8 @@ + + @@ -6515,6 +19278,8 @@ + + @@ -6522,17 +19287,27 @@ + + Erzeugung von Bioenergie in der Landwirtschaft + Herstellung von Biokraftstoffen aus Ölpflanzen + + + agronomischer Düngemittel Zusatz + alle Substanzen, die einem Düngemittel, Bodenverbesserungsmittel oder Nährsubstrat beigefügt werden, um die agronomische Effizienz des Enderzeugnisses zu verbessern oder das Verhalten der von den Düngemitteln freigesetzten Nährstoffe in der Umwelt zu verändern + + + @@ -6542,6 +19317,10 @@ + Air Pollutant Emission Inventory Guidebook (Leitfaden zum Inventar der Luftschadstoffemissionen) + ein gemeinsamer Leitfaden von EMEP und EUA, der die Berichterstattung über Emissionsdaten im Rahmen des UNECE-Übereinkommens über weiträumige grenzüberschreitende Luftverunreinigung (CLRTAP) und der EU-Richtlinie über nationale Emissionshöchstmengen unterstützt, indem er fachliche Anleitung zur Zusammenstellung einer Luftemissionsinventarisierung bietet + + @@ -6551,9 +19330,15 @@ Kohlevergasung + + + + Luftqualitätsrichtlinien + Richtlinien, in denen die Rechtsgrundlage für die Bewertung und Verwaltung der Luftqualität in den Mitgliedstaaten festgelegt ist + @@ -6565,12 +19350,19 @@ + + + + + + + @@ -6578,36 +19370,59 @@ + + + + + + + Bewirtschaftung von tierischen Abfällen + ordnungsgemäße Handhabung, Lagerung und Verwertung von Abfällen, die bei der Unterbringung von Tieren entstehen, einschließlich Verfahren zum Sammeln, Ausschaben und Herauswaschen von Abfällen aus Unterbringungsbereichen, in angemessenen Strukturen zur Lagerung des Abfalls + + + + + + + + + + + Kohleverflüssigung + + + + @@ -6615,28 +19430,43 @@ + künstliche Flächen + Gesamtheit aller bebauten Flächen und künstlicher nicht bebauter Flächen + + + + + + + + Barentssee + Gebiet zwischen Nowaja Semlja im Osten und der Achse Norwegen–Bäreninsel–Südspitzbergen im Westen + + Badegewässerrichtlinie + Rechtsvorschriften der Europäischen Union (EU) bezüglich der Überwachung, Bewertung und Bewirtschaftung der Qualität der Badegewässer sowie der Information der Öffentlichkeit über diese Qualität zur Verringerung und Vermeidung der Verschmutzung von Badegewässern und zur Information europäischer Bürger über den Grad der Verschmutzung + @@ -6648,13 +19478,20 @@ + Rechtsvorschriften für Badegewässer + EU-Rechtsvorschriften zur Wahrung der öffentlichen Gesundheit und zum Schutz vor Verschmutzung der Küsten- und Binnengewässer + + + unterirdische Biomasse + die gesamte lebende Biomasse aus lebenden Wurzeln + @@ -6669,22 +19506,34 @@ Kohlebergbau + + + + Wachstum der unterirdischen Biomasse + Wachstum unterirdischer Biomasse einschließlich grober und feiner Wurzeln sowie des Wurzelhalses + + + + + + + @@ -6694,6 +19543,8 @@ + + @@ -6702,6 +19553,8 @@ + + @@ -6711,6 +19564,8 @@ + + @@ -6718,44 +19573,63 @@ + + + + + + + + + Blaues Wachstum + langfristige EU-Strategie zur Unterstützung des Wachstums in allen maritimen Wirtschaftszweigen + + + + + + + + + @@ -6768,49 +19642,69 @@ + + Kohleveredelung + + + + + + + Kohlenstoffbestand + Menge an Kohlenstoff in einem „Pool“, also einem Speicher oder System, der Kohlenstoff ansammeln oder freisetzen kann + + + Tragfähigkeit + Angebot biologischer Produkte und Dienstleistungen, das maximal über die Natur bereitgestellt werden kann, damit erneuerbare Ressourcen nicht schneller erschöpft werden, als sie wieder aufgebaut werden können, und Ökosysteme lebensfähig bleiben + + + Abfälle der chemischen Industrie + Abfälle aus Handel, Gewerbe, Industrie- oder Geschäftstätigkeiten + + @@ -6820,6 +19714,10 @@ + Folgen des Klimawandels + Auswirkungen des Klimawandels auf Umwelt und Menschen + + @@ -6829,6 +19727,9 @@ + Klimapolitik + Maßnahmen der Regierung oder des Privatsektors zur Senkung der anthropogenen Treibhausgasemissionen oder zur Anpassung an den Klimawandel + @@ -6838,6 +19739,8 @@ + + @@ -6847,47 +19750,72 @@ + Klimazone + eine beliebige der acht Hauptzonen, die grob durch Längengrade gekennzeichnet sind, in die sich die Erde anhand klimatischer Bedingungen einteilen lässt + Aerodynamisches Geräusch + + + + + + + gemeinschaftlicher Konsum + Möglichkeiten für Verbraucher, effektiver und ressourceneffizienter an Produkte oder Dienstleistungen zu gelangen, wobei sich die Art und Weise, wie die Nachfrage der Verbraucher gedeckt wird, grundlegend ändert, indem etwa individuelle Entscheidungen zunehmend von organisierter oder gemeinsamer Nachfrage abgelöst werden + + + + Bauabfälle + mineralische Stoffe, die bei Abriss-, Renovierungs- oder Umbauarbeiten an Gebäuden und Gebäudeteilen anfallen + + + + + + + Ackerbewirtschaftung + jede Tätigkeit im Rahmen eines flächenbaulichen Systems zur Bewirtschaftung von Anbauflächen, stillgelegten Flächen oder vorübergehend brach liegenden Flächen + @@ -6895,32 +19823,48 @@ Kohletechnologie + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Entwicklungspolitik + Politik der Europäischen Union, zu deren obersten Zielen die Verringerung der Armut im Rahmen einer nachhaltigen Entwicklung gehört, wozu auch die Verwirklichung der Millenniums-Entwicklungsziele sowie die Förderung der Demokratie, der verantwortungsvollen Staatsführung und der Achtung der Menschenrechte zählen + @@ -6929,23 +19873,31 @@ + + Katastrophenrisiko + Konvergenz von Gefahren und der Anfälligkeit derjenigen, die ihnen ausgesetzt sind + + + Küste + + @@ -6955,27 +19907,50 @@ + inländischer Materialverbrauch + Gesamtentnahme an direkt verwertetem Material innerhalb einer Volkswirtschaft abzüglich der physischen Ausfuhren + + + + + + + + + + + + Erdbeobachtung + Zusammentragen von Informationen über die physikalischen, chemischen und biologischen Systeme auf dem Planeten Erde mit Hilfe von Fernerkundungstechnologien, meist unter Einsatz von Satelliten mit Bildaufnahmegeräten + + + + + ökologische Kapazität + Kapazität des Ökosystems, biologische Materialien herzustellen, die von Menschen verbraucht werden, und Abfallmaterialien zu absorbieren, die von Menschen erzeugt werden, unter Berücksichtigung aktueller Managementsysteme und Extraktionstechnologien + + @@ -6989,15 +19964,24 @@ + ökologische Zivilisation + Streben nach einem Gleichgewicht zwischen Wirtschaftsentwicklung und Naturschutz + + + + + ökologischer Fußabdruck + Bereich produktiver Land- und Wasserökosysteme, die zur Herstellung der von der Bevölkerung verbrauchten Ressourcen und zur Aufnahme der von der Bevölkerung erzeugten Abfälle notwendig sind, ohne Berücksichtigung der Lage dieser Land- und Wasserflächen auf der Erde + @@ -7006,6 +19990,11 @@ + ökologische Widerstandsfähigkeit + Fähigkeit eines ökologischen oder sozioökologischen Systems und seiner Bestandteile, die Auswirkungen gefährlicher Ereignisse oder Entwicklungen schnell und effizient vorherzusehen, zu reduzieren, auf sie zu reagieren und sich von ihnen zu erholen + + + @@ -7021,6 +20010,8 @@ Küstengebiet + + @@ -7029,6 +20020,9 @@ + + + @@ -7039,6 +20033,7 @@ + @@ -7047,32 +20042,57 @@ + + + + Ökosystemgrenze + räumliche Abgrenzung eines Ökosystems, in der Regel basierend auf Unterbrechungen in der Verteilung der Organismen, der biophysikalischen Umgebung (Bodenarten, Einzugsgebiete, Tiefe eines Wasserkörpers) und den räumlichen Interaktionen (Reviere, Wanderverhalten, Stoffflüsse) + + + + + + + + + Ökosysteminteraktion + Austausch von Materialien, Energie und Informationen innerhalb und zwischen Ökosystemen + + + + + + + + + + @@ -7080,10 +20100,16 @@ + Ökosystemdienstleistungen + Vorteile, die Menschen dadurch erhalten, dass Ökosysteme zu ihrem Wohl beitragen + + + + @@ -7091,41 +20117,61 @@ + Ökosystemanfälligkeit + Exposition gegenüber unvorhergesehenen Ereignissen und Beanspruchung und die Schwierigkeit beim Umgang mit ihnen + + + + + + + Effektivitätsbewertung + Vergleich der Auswirkungen einer Maßnahme, ihrer Ergebnisse und/oder Folgen mit ihren ausdrücklich festgelegten Zielen + + + + + Emissionsberechtigung + Anspruch auf Emission einer Tonne Kohlendioxid oder einer Menge eines beliebigen anderen Treibhausgases mit einem gleichwertigen Treibhauspotenzial während eines bestimmten Zeitraums + + + + @@ -7138,6 +20184,9 @@ + Emissionsmengen + quantifizierte Emissionsbegrenzungs- und -reduktionsverpflichtungen, die als Tonnen Kohlendioxidäquivalent ausgedrückt werden, zur Bestimmung der Emissionsmengen, die der Gemeinschaft und ihren Mitgliedstaaten entsprechend Artikel 4 des Kyoto-Protokolls zugeteilt werden + @@ -7148,6 +20197,9 @@ + Emissionshandelssystem + zentrales politisches Instrument, mit dem sichergestellt wird, dass Europa und andere Länder ihre Zielvorgaben für die Treibhausgasreduktion durch die Veränderung von Preissystemen möglichst kostengünstig erfüllen, was unverzichtbar ist, um den Umwandlungsprozess in eine ressourcenschonende, umweltgerechte Wirtschaft auszulösen, wobei das Emissionshandelssystem der EU (EU-EHS) als Grundpfeiler des zukünftigen weltweiten Kohlenstoffmarktes dient + @@ -7158,21 +20210,33 @@ Küstenentwicklung + + + + + Umweltaktionsprogramm + Programm, das den Rahmen für die Tätigkeit der Europäischen Union im Umweltbereich bildet + + + + + + @@ -7181,10 +20245,13 @@ + + + @@ -7196,6 +20263,11 @@ + Auswirkungen auf die Umwelt + Umwelteinfluss eines Produktes, einer Dienstleistung und/oder eines Unternehmens während des gesamten Lebenszyklus + + + @@ -7204,6 +20276,9 @@ + Umweltmanagement + Regeln, Prozesse und Verhaltensweisen, die, vor allem im Hinblick auf Offenheit, Teilnahme, Rechenschaftspflicht, Effizienz und Kohärenz, die Ausübung von Befugnissen auf europäischer Ebene im Bereich Umweltpolitik beeinflussen + @@ -7216,6 +20291,7 @@ + @@ -7227,6 +20303,8 @@ + + @@ -7236,14 +20314,21 @@ Küstenökosystem + + + + + Umweltvorschriften + Rechtsvorschriften zur Reduzierung von Schäden an Ökosystemen, Ressourcen oder Personen im Allgemeinen, die durch menschliche Tätigkeiten entstehen + @@ -7254,9 +20339,15 @@ + Umweltraum + Menge an Energie, Wasser, Fläche, nicht erneuerbaren Rohstoffen und Holz, die nachhaltig genutzt werden kann + + + + @@ -7264,6 +20355,9 @@ + Emissionshandelssystem der EU + weltweit größtes Handelssystem mit festen Emissionsobergrenzen und das zentrale Instrument für die Einhaltung des Kyoto-Protokolls in der EU, im Januar 2005 eingeführt + @@ -7272,11 +20366,19 @@ + Europäisches Umweltinformations- und Umweltbeobachtungsnetz + Partnerschaftsnetzwerk der Europäischen Umweltagentur (EUA) sowie ihrer Mitgliedsländer und teilnehmenden Länder, das das Ziel hat, aktuelle und qualitätsgesicherte Daten, Informationen und Fachkenntnisse zur Bewertung des Zustands und der Belastungen der Umwelt in Europa bereitzustellen, indem es politischen Entscheidungsträgern ermöglicht, über geeignete Maßnahmen für den Schutz der Umwelt auf nationaler und europäischer Ebene zu entscheiden und die Effektivität durchgeführter Strategien und Maßnahmen zu überwachen + + + Ex-situ-Erhaltung + Erhaltung von Bestandteilen der biologischen Vielfalt außerhalb ihrer natürlichen Lebensräume + + @@ -7285,11 +20387,18 @@ + + + Düngemittelverbrauch + Summe an Stickstoff (N), Phosphat (P2O5) und Kaliumoxid (K2O), die in der Landwirtschaft verwendet werden + + + @@ -7300,16 +20409,23 @@ + + Küstenregion + + + + + @@ -7317,6 +20433,10 @@ + Hochwassergefahr + Kombination aus der Hochwasserwahrscheinlichkeit und den entsprechenden Risikomerkmalen, wie Höhe des Wassers, Geschwindigkeit, Dauer, Anstiegsrate, Ereigniszeitraum und Wasserqualität + + @@ -7326,6 +20446,10 @@ + Hochwasservermeidung + Vermeidung von Hochwasserschäden, indem möglichst keine Häuser oder Industrien in aktuell und zukünftig hochwassergefährdeten Gebieten gebaut werden, zukünftige Projekte an das Hochwasserrisiko angepasst werden und geeignete Flächennutzungspraktiken sowie land- und forstwirtschaftliche Verfahren gefördert werden + + @@ -7334,6 +20458,9 @@ + Management von Hochwasserrisiken + kontinuierliche und ganzheitliche Gesellschaftsanalyse, Bewertung und Verringerung des Hochwasserrisikos + @@ -7341,6 +20468,9 @@ + Lebensmittelabfälle + Abfall, der aus rohen oder zubereiteten Lebensmitteln besteht, einschließlich Lebensmitteln, die vor, während oder nach der Zubereitung, beim Herstellungsprozess, im Vertrieb, im Einzelhandel oder in der Gastronomie entsorgt werden, darunter Gemüseschalen, Fleischabschnitte sowie verdorbene oder überschüssige Zutaten oder Lebensmittelzubereitungen + @@ -7353,6 +20483,9 @@ + Biodiversität im Wald + alle Lebensformen in bewaldeten Flächen und ihre ökologischen Funktionen + @@ -7361,6 +20494,9 @@ + forstwirtschaftlich genutzte Flächen + kultivierte Flächen oder nicht kultivierte Baumbestände mit einer Fläche von mehr als 0,5 ha, wobei die Baumkronen mehr als 10 % bedecken und Bäume 5 m hoch oder höher werden können + @@ -7372,6 +20508,11 @@ + Verbrauch fossiler Brennstoffe + Gesamtverbrauch an Erdöl, Kohle und Erdgas + + + @@ -7379,6 +20520,9 @@ + + + @@ -7386,6 +20530,8 @@ + + @@ -7394,24 +20540,35 @@ + + + funktionelle Lebensmittel + Lebensmittel, die über die normale Ernährung aufgenommen werden und positive Auswirkungen haben, die über die herkömmliche ernährungsphysiologische Wirkung hinausgehen + + + + + + + @@ -7427,6 +20584,7 @@ + @@ -7442,6 +20600,7 @@ + @@ -7449,12 +20608,14 @@ + + @@ -7464,6 +20625,8 @@ + + @@ -7476,14 +20639,25 @@ Küstenerosion + + + + + + + + + umweltgerechte Wirtschaft + Wirtschaft, in der politische Maßnahmen und Innovationen der Gesellschaft ermöglichen, Ressourcen effizient zu nutzen, wodurch das menschliche Wohlbefinden auf integrative Art und Weise gesteigert wird und gleichzeitig die natürlichen Systeme, von denen die Menschheit abhängt, erhalten werden + @@ -7493,6 +20667,18 @@ + Treibhausgasemissionen + Emissionen, die im Kyoto-Protokoll aufgeführt sind, einschließlich Kohlendioxid (CO2), Methan (CH4) und Distickstoffoxid (N2O) sowie drei fluorierte Gase, teilhalogenierte Fluorkohlenwasserstoffe (HFKW), perfluorierte Kohlenwasserstoffe (FKW) und Schwefelhexafluorid (SF6) + + + + + + + + + + @@ -7511,6 +20697,8 @@ + + @@ -7520,6 +20708,9 @@ + oberirdische Biomasse + die gesamte lebende Biomasse oberhalb des Erdbodens einschließlich Stamm, Stumpf, Ästen, Rinde, Samen und Blattwerk + @@ -7531,13 +20722,21 @@ + + + + + + Habitatrichtlinie + Richtlinie 92/43/EWG des Rates vom 21. Mai 1992 zur Erhaltung der natürlichen Lebensräume sowie der wildlebenden Tiere und Pflanzen, die die Erhaltung einer Vielzahl seltener, bedrohter oder endemischer Tier- und Pflanzenarten sowie seltener und charakteristischer Lebensraumtypen selbst sicherstellt + @@ -7550,6 +20749,7 @@ + @@ -7560,15 +20760,23 @@ + Wärmebelastung + Zustand, bei dem die Ertragsleistung oder die Lebensfähigkeit von Anbaupflanzen beeinträchtigt wird, indem sie zeitweise hohen Temperaturen ausgesetzt werden + Küstenfischerei + + Schweröl + sämtliche flüssige Brennstoffe aus Erdöl, ausgenommen Schiffskraftstoff + + @@ -7578,19 +20786,34 @@ + + + + + + + Polkappe + kuppelförmiger Gletscher mit radialer Strömung, der gewöhnlich ein Hochlandgebiet bedeckt + + + Eisverlust + Reihe von Prozessen, wie der ozeanische Strömungsprozess, die Temperatur, das Wetter und die Erdalbedo, die sich gegenseitig beeinflussen und zum Rückgang des Meer- und Küsteneises beitragen + + + @@ -7600,12 +20823,22 @@ + Eisschild + permanente Eisschicht, die eine ausgedehnte Fläche, vor allem in einem Polargebiet, bedeckt + + + + Massenbilanz eines Eisschildes + Geschwindigkeit des Eisverlusts und wichtigster Indikator für eine Veränderung des Eisschildes + + + @@ -7613,6 +20846,9 @@ + + + @@ -7623,12 +20859,25 @@ + + + + + + + + + + + + + @@ -7636,6 +20885,8 @@ + + @@ -7645,6 +20896,8 @@ + + @@ -7653,13 +20906,22 @@ + + + + + Bodenverschlechterung + Prozess, bei dem sich die aktuelle und/oder zukünftige Fähigkeit von Böden zur Erzeugung von Waren und Dienstleistungen verringert, und der durch die angemessene Bewirtschaftung begrenzt, umgekehrt und verhindert werden kann + + + @@ -7669,6 +20931,9 @@ + Abfalldeponierichtlinie + Richtlinie, in der die verschiedenen Arten von Abfällen (Siedlungsfälle, gefährliche Abfälle, nicht gefährliche Abfälle und Inertabfälle) definiert werden, und die für alle Abfalldeponien gilt, deren Zweck darin besteht, negative Auswirkungen auf die Umwelt, insbesondere auf das Oberflächenwasser, das Grundwasser, den Boden, die Luft und die menschliche Gesundheit durch die Einführung strenger technischer Anforderungen in Bezug auf Abfalldeponien und Abfälle zu vermeiden oder zu verringern + @@ -7681,6 +20946,7 @@ + @@ -7691,6 +20957,9 @@ + + + @@ -7702,6 +20971,8 @@ + + @@ -7715,15 +20986,20 @@ + + + + + @@ -7731,6 +21007,8 @@ + + @@ -7739,6 +21017,8 @@ + + @@ -7748,6 +21028,10 @@ + Schiffskraftstoff + jeder Kraftstoff, der für den Schifffahrtsbereich vorgesehen ist + + @@ -7757,6 +21041,10 @@ + + + + @@ -7765,6 +21053,8 @@ + + @@ -7774,6 +21064,9 @@ + Meeresstrategie-Rahmenrichtlinie + EU-Richtlinie, die zur Kohärenz zwischen den verschiedenen Politikbereichen beitragen und die Einbeziehung der Umweltbelange in die verschiedenen politischen Maßnahmen, Vereinbarungen und Rechtsetzungsmaßnahmen sicherstellen soll, die einen Einfluss auf die Meeresumwelt haben + @@ -7786,6 +21079,7 @@ + @@ -7796,16 +21090,28 @@ Küstenverschmutzung + + + + + + + + + + + + @@ -7813,6 +21119,10 @@ + Siedlungsabfallaufkommen + Abfälle, die von oder im Namen von Gemeinden eingesammelt werden und in erster Linie aus Haushalten stammen, wobei auch Abfälle aus Handel und Wirtschaft, Bürogebäuden, Institutionen und kleinen Unternehmen inbegriffen sind + + @@ -7820,34 +21130,51 @@ + kommunales Abwasser + Abwasser, das von oder im Namen von Gemeinden gesammelt wird und in erster Linie aus Haushalten stammt + + + + + + + + + + + + + Nitratrichtlinie + Richtlinie, in der zur Vorbeugung weiterer Verunreinigungen durch Nitrat die maximalen Werte für Stickstoff festgelegt sind, der in Form von tierischem Dünger auf den Boden aufgebracht werden darf + @@ -7858,6 +21185,8 @@ + + @@ -7865,15 +21194,20 @@ + + + + + @@ -7895,25 +21229,38 @@ + + + + + + + + + + + + + @@ -7925,9 +21272,18 @@ + organisches Bodenverbesserungsmittel + Stoff, der kohlenstoffhaltige Substanzen enthält und entwickelt wurde, um den Anteil an organischer Bodensubstanz zu erhöhen + + + + + + + @@ -7936,10 +21292,27 @@ + Methode für die Berechnung des Umweltfußabdrucks von Organisationen + allgemeine Methode zur Messung und Offenlegung der möglichen Umweltauswirkungen einer Organisation während des Lebenszyklus + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + @@ -7951,29 +21324,45 @@ + + + + Ozonabbau + stetige Abnahme der Ozonkonzentration in der Stratosphäre und Rückgang des Ozons in der Stratosphäre der Polargebiete + + + + + + + Parkabfälle + biologisch abbaubare Grünabfälle aus Parks und Gärten, einschließlich Wasser und Holz (Lignozellulose, Grasschnitt, Baum- und Strauchabfälle, Blätter, Blüten) + + + @@ -7981,14 +21370,21 @@ Küstengewässer + + Pflanzenhilfsmittel + Stoff, der Substanzen und/oder Mikroorganismen enthält, die bei Anwendung an Pflanzen oder im Wurzelbereich die natürlichen Prozesse anregen sollen, um die Nährstoffaufnahme, die Nährstoffeffizienz, die Resistenz gegenüber abiotischen Stressfaktoren und/oder die Qualität von Anbaupflanzen unabhängig von ihrem Nährstoffgehalt zu verbessern + + + + @@ -7997,17 +21393,24 @@ + politischer Rahmen + Nachweise und längerfristige Ziele, die in Zusammenarbeit mit relevanten Interessengruppen vereinbart und umgesetzt werden und in einem einzigen oder mehreren, miteinander verknüpften, Strategiedokumenten festgehalten sind + + Umsetzung politischer Maßnahmen + Prozess, mit dem Programme durchgeführt und Pläne verwirklicht werden + + @@ -8017,10 +21420,14 @@ + + Primärenergie + Energie aus fossilen Brennstoffen und erneuerbaren Quellen, die keinerlei Umwandlung oder Veränderung unterzogen wurde + @@ -8032,6 +21439,10 @@ + + + + @@ -8039,24 +21450,47 @@ + Methode für die Berechnung des Umweltfußabdrucks von Produkten + allgemeine Methode zur Messung und Offenlegung der möglichen Umweltauswirkungen des Lebenszyklus eines Produktes + + + + + + + + + + + Prosumismus + Art gemeinschaftlichen Konsums, der die Grenzen zwischen Produzenten und Konsumenten verschwimmen lässt + + + + Küstengebietsplanung + + + + + @@ -8072,6 +21506,9 @@ + Richtlinie Erneuerbare Energien + Rechtsvorschriften für eine allgemeine Strategie bezüglich der Erzeugung und Förderung von Energie aus erneuerbaren Quellen in der EU, nach denen die Mitgliedstaaten nationale Aktionspläne für erneuerbare Energien mit detaillierten Fahrplänen vorlegen müssen, wie in jedem Mitgliedstaat die rechtsverbindlichen Ziele für 2020 zum Anteil erneuerbarer Energien am Endenergieverbrauch erreicht werden sollen + @@ -8081,12 +21518,16 @@ + + + + @@ -8096,22 +21537,37 @@ + + + + + + Ressourcenproduktivität + Verhältnis des Bruttoinlandprodukts (BIP) zum inländischen Materialverbrauch (DMC) + + + + + + + + @@ -8119,15 +21575,22 @@ + + + + Küstenwacht + + + @@ -8139,6 +21602,11 @@ + Flusseinzugsgebiet + Gebiet, aus welchem über Bäche, Flüsse oder Seen der gesamte Oberflächenabfluss an einer einzigen Flussmündung, einem Ästuar oder Delta ins Meer gelangt + + + @@ -8146,6 +21614,12 @@ + + + + + + @@ -8153,75 +21627,109 @@ + Straßenverkehrslärm + Umweltlärm, der durch Fahrzeuge auf Straßen und Autobahnen entsteht und durch Roll- und Antriebsgeräusche verursacht wird + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + @@ -8234,6 +21742,8 @@ + + @@ -8241,12 +21751,15 @@ + + + @@ -8256,53 +21769,84 @@ Beschichtung + + + + + + + + + Ziele für nachhaltige Entwicklung + integrierte und unteilbare Ziele, die von den Vereinten Nationen in der Agenda 2030 für nachhaltige Entwicklung festgelegt wurden, und die von allen Ländern akzeptiert werden und auf alle anwendbar sind, wobei die unterschiedlichen Realitäten, Kapazitäten und Entwicklungsstufen der einzelnen Länder berücksichtigt und nationale Politiken und Realitäten beachtet werden + + + + nachhaltige Waldbewirtschaftung + Betreuung und Nutzung von Wäldern und Waldflächen auf eine Weise und in einem Ausmaß, das deren biologische Vielfalt, Produktivität, Verjüngungsfähigkeit und Vitalität erhält sowie deren Potenzial, jetzt und in der Zukunft die entsprechenden ökologischen, wirtschaftlichen und sozialen Funktionen auf lokaler, nationaler und globaler Ebene zu erfüllen, ohne anderen Ökosystemen Schaden zuzufügen + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + @@ -8310,19 +21854,30 @@ + + + + + + + + Übergangsgewässer + Gewässer zwischen Land und Meer, einschließlich Fjorden, Mündungsgebieten, Lagunen, Deltas und Rias + + @@ -8331,16 +21886,24 @@ + + + + + + + + @@ -8348,10 +21911,15 @@ + + + + + @@ -8361,10 +21929,12 @@ Kobalt + + @@ -8378,6 +21948,9 @@ + + + @@ -8385,16 +21958,25 @@ + + + + + + + + + @@ -8402,6 +21984,9 @@ + + + @@ -8410,11 +21995,16 @@ + + + + + @@ -8424,6 +22014,10 @@ + + + + @@ -8432,6 +22026,8 @@ + + @@ -8442,9 +22038,13 @@ Schabe + + Wasserrahmenrichtlinie + Richtlinie 2000/60/EG des Europäischen Parlaments und des Rates zur Schaffung eines Ordnungsrahmens für Maßnahmen der Gemeinschaft im Bereich der Wasserpolitik + @@ -8458,24 +22058,39 @@ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + @@ -8487,6 +22102,8 @@ + + @@ -8494,12 +22111,16 @@ + + + + @@ -8508,6 +22129,7 @@ + @@ -8517,12 +22139,14 @@ + + @@ -8530,29 +22154,93 @@ + + Hausmüll + Abfall, der in Haushalten ausschließlich aus Wohnzwecken entsteht und der als normaler gemischter Haushaltsabfall entsorgt wird + + + + + Rauch in Innenräumen + Luftverunreinigung durch eine Reihe gesundheitsschädigender Schadstoffe, wie feine Partikel und Kohlenstoffmonoxid (CO) sowie partikelförmige Schadstoffe, deren Wert um ein Vielfaches höher sein kann als die akzeptierten Richtwerte für Innenräume + + + + + INSPIRE + Richtlinie zur Schaffung einer Geodateninfrastruktur in Europa für die Unterstützung einer gemeinschaftlichen Umweltpolitik sowie anderer politischer Maßnahmen oder sonstiger Tätigkeiten, die Auswirkungen auf die Umwelt haben können + + + + + Deponieabfälle + Abfälle, die auf dem oder im Boden abgelegt werden + + + + + + Abfallströme auf Deponien + Abfälle, die auf einer Abfalldeponie gelagert werden, die entsprechend dem Europäischen Abfallkatalog beschrieben sind und zu den bereits bestehenden Abfalldeponien hinzugefügt werden, und die aus Gewerbe, Industrie und Haushalt stammen, wobei Bestandteile ausgenommen sind, die bereits für Wiederverwendung, Recycling oder Verbrennung eingesammelt wurden + + + + + organisches Abwasser + organisches, biologisch abbaubares Abwasser, das organische Schadstoffe enthält, z. B. Kanalisationswasser oder industrielles Abwasser + + + + + + Wirksamkeit politischer Maßnahmen + Einsatz bestimmter politischer Instrumente, um die Wahrscheinlichkeit zu erhöhen, dass das festgelegte politische Ziel erreicht wird + + + + + Temperaturveränderung + Veränderung der globalen Durchschnittstemperatur, die zum Klimawandel führen kann + + + + + Rauchgasentschwefelung + tertiäre Minderungstechnik, die für Großfeuerungsanlagen, z. B. Kraftwerke, konzipiert ist + + + + Chemischer Sauerstoffbedarf + + + Regel der Technik + Gesetzbuch + Hohltier + Kraft-Wärme-Kopplung + @@ -8560,45 +22248,65 @@ Mitverbrennung + + + Koks + + Kälte + + Ökosystem eines Kaltgebietes + + Kolibakterien + + Kolloid + + + + Kolloidaler Zustand + Besiedlung + Aerosol + + + @@ -8606,36 +22314,53 @@ Kolorimetrie + + + Farbe + Kombinationswirkung + + + + Kombikraftwerk + + + Mischwasser + Brennbarkeit + + Verbrennungsmotor + + + @@ -8644,12 +22369,16 @@ Verbrennungsabgas + Verbrennungsrückstand + + + @@ -8657,10 +22386,13 @@ Kommerzialisierung + + Handelsrecht + @@ -8669,35 +22401,50 @@ Handelslärm + Handelsverkehr + + + + + Nutzfahrzeug + Handelsmüll + + Gemeinsame Agrarpolitik + + + Gemeinsame Regeln + Kommunikation + + @@ -8707,11 +22454,13 @@ Ökologische Gesellschaft + Gemeinschaftsrecht + @@ -8719,66 +22468,92 @@ Kommunale Beteiligung + Gemeinlastprinzip + + Pendelverkehr + + + Pendeln + + Verdichtung + + + Unternehmenspolitik + + Ästhetik + + Rechtsvergleichung + Vergleichsuntersuchung + Vergleiche + + Entschädigung + Ökologische Ausgleichsmaßnahme + Ausgleichsabgabe + + + Biologische Konkurrenz + Konkurrenz (ökonomisch) + @@ -8786,28 +22561,38 @@ Wettbewerbsfähigkeit + Komplexbildung + Komplexbildner + + Mehrkomponentenverunreinigung + Kompost + + + Kompostierbarer Abfall + + @@ -8818,33 +22603,45 @@ Kompostierung + + Eigenkompostierung + + Kompression + + Kompressor + + Benutzungszwang + Europäische Gemeinschaften + Aufforstung + + @@ -8852,6 +22649,7 @@ Konzentration + @@ -8864,50 +22662,73 @@ Konzentrierung + + + Beton + + Betonsteinindustrie + + + Kondensation + + + Leitfähigkeit + + Nutzungskonflikt + + Zielkonflikt + Interessenkonflikt + Tagung + Nadelbaum + + Nadelwald + + Afrika + @@ -8917,44 +22738,66 @@ Konservierung + + Süßwasserschutz + + Schutz von Genressourcen + + + Denkmalerhaltung + + + Nachverbrennung + + + Verfassungsrecht + Baumaschine + + Baulärm + + Anlagenbau + + Bautechnik + + @@ -8963,15 +22806,23 @@ Lebensalter + + + Recyclinggerechte Konstruktion + + + Bauarbeit + + @@ -8982,40 +22833,55 @@ Beratung + Konsumverhalten + + Konsumgüter + + Verbrauchergruppe + + Verbraucherinformation + + + Verbraucherschutz + Verbraucherrückstände + + Konsum + + @@ -9023,6 +22889,8 @@ Verbrauchsmuster + + @@ -9038,6 +22906,8 @@ Behälter + + @@ -9047,14 +22917,18 @@ Containment + Verunreinigter Boden + + Verseuchung + @@ -9064,19 +22938,23 @@ Festlandsockel + Dauerbelastung + Höhenlinienanbau + Vertrag + @@ -9084,34 +22962,46 @@ Gebäudereiniger + Kontrolliertes Abbrennen + Kontrolliertes Jagdgebiet + + + + Aufsichtsbehörde + Kontrollmassnahme + + Ballungsgebiet + + Konvention + @@ -9121,6 +23011,7 @@ Herkömmliche Energie + @@ -9130,116 +23021,155 @@ Kühlung + Kühlschmierstoff + Kühlturm + + + + Kühlwasser + + + Zusammenarbeit + Kooperationsprinzip + Koordinierung + Kupfer + Niederwald + + Korallen + Korallenriff + + Chordatier + Kernschmelze + + Kork + + Korridor + Korrosion + Korrosionshemmer + + Kosmetikindustrie + + + Kosmische Strahlung + + Kosten-Nutzen + Kosten-Nutzen-Analyse + Vertrag + Kostensteigerung + Kostendeckungsgrundlage + Kostensenkung + Kosten + @@ -9253,49 +23183,65 @@ Kosten der Verunreinigung + + Volkswirtschaftliche Kosten + Baumwolle + + Übereinkommen + Landkreis + Gerichtshof + Abdeckung + Agrarbiotechnologie + + + Handwerk + Kredithilfe + Wirtschaftsgebäude + + @@ -9303,11 +23249,13 @@ Kriminalität + Strafrecht + @@ -9316,19 +23264,27 @@ Critical Level + + + Critical Load + + + Krokodil + Pflanzenschutz + @@ -9337,38 +23293,55 @@ Fruchtfolge + Ernteabfall + + Überquerung + + + Überquerung für Tiere + + + + Rohöl + + Kreuzfahrt + + + Krustazeen + Kryptogame + @@ -9379,19 +23352,25 @@ Kristallisation + + Kristallographie + Kulturpflanze + + Anbau + @@ -9408,20 +23387,27 @@ Anbautechnik + Kulturelle Entwicklung + Agrarökologie + + Kulturelle Einrichtung + + + @@ -9443,6 +23429,7 @@ Kulturerbe + @@ -9456,14 +23443,17 @@ Kultureller Indikator + Kulturpolitik + Kultur + @@ -9473,18 +23463,25 @@ Curriculum + Sitte und Gebrauch + + Zollerhebung + + Agrarökonomie + + @@ -9492,53 +23489,75 @@ Holzfällung + Cyanat + Cyanid + Landwirtschaftliches Abwasser + + + Zyklon + + Zytologie + Zytotoxizität + Agraringenieurwesen + + Milchviehhaltung + + + Milchwirtschaft + + Molkereiprodukt + + Damm + + + @@ -9546,71 +23565,97 @@ Schaden + + + Manöverschaden + + Schadensvermeidung + Ausfuhr von gefährlichen Chemikalien + + + + + Gefährliche Güter + + Landwirtschaftliches Gerät + Gefahrgutgesetz + + Gefahrgutverordnung + + Datensammlung + + Datenanalyse + + Datenbank + Datenträger + Datenaustausch + Datenverarbeitung + @@ -9618,68 +23663,99 @@ Datenschutz + + + Datenerfassungsmethode + Landwirtschaftliche Nutzung + Datierung + Zerfallsprodukt + + + DDT + + + Zulässiges Risikoniveau + + + Schuld + Kapitaldienst + + Dekantierung + + Dezentralisierung + Laubwald + + Laubbaum + + + Entscheidung + + Entscheidungsprozeß + + + @@ -9688,10 +23764,15 @@ Abbau + Dekontamination + + + + @@ -9700,46 +23781,62 @@ Agrarraum + Verfügung + Tiefsee + Tiefseeablagerung + + Tiefversenkung + + + Hochseefischerei + Hirsch + + Verteidigung + Entlaubung + + Entwaldung + + @@ -9747,6 +23844,7 @@ Abbaubarkeit + @@ -9755,11 +23853,15 @@ Agrarlandschaft + + Abbau + + @@ -9768,6 +23870,7 @@ Abbau von natürlichen Ressourcen + @@ -9775,11 +23878,15 @@ Abbauprodukt + + Entfettung + + @@ -9787,39 +23894,53 @@ Deinking + + + Delinquenz + + Delta + + Nachfrage + + Demokratie + Demographische Entwicklung + Demographische Evolution + Agrarrecht + + @@ -9828,42 +23949,63 @@ Demographie + + Abbruchunternehmen + + + Abbruchmüll + + Nachweisbarkeit + + Dendrochronologie + Landmaschine + Dendrometrie + Denitrifikation + + + + + + Abgasentstickung + + + @@ -9871,6 +24013,7 @@ Agrarmanagement + @@ -9878,10 +24021,16 @@ Abgelagerte Partikel + Ablagerung + + + + + @@ -9889,28 +24038,39 @@ Deregulation + Dermaptera + Entsalzung + + + Entsalzungsanlage + + + + Verwaltungsabkommen + Agrarmethode + @@ -9936,10 +24096,14 @@ Wüste + + Wüstenausbreitung + + @@ -9947,35 +24111,48 @@ Wüstenausbreitungskontrolle + + Wüstenheuschrecke + Gestaltung + + Bürostudie + Desorption + + + Agrarschädling + + Entschwefelung + + @@ -9984,6 +24161,11 @@ Brennstoffentschwefelung + + + + + @@ -9995,14 +24177,18 @@ Nachweis + + Detektor + Agrarplanung + @@ -10010,89 +24196,121 @@ Waschmittel + + Bestimmungsmethode + + Abschreckungsmittel + Entgiftung + Industrieland + + Agrarpolitik + + Schulden der Entwicklungsländer + Entwicklungsland + + Entwicklungshilfe + Entwicklungsgebiet + + Entwicklungszusammenarbeit + Entwicklungsmodell + Entwicklungsmuster + Landwirtschaftliche Verschmutzung + + Entwicklungsplanung + + Entwicklungsplan + Dialyse + + + + Diatomeen + Wörterbuch + + Didaktik + @@ -10102,11 +24320,17 @@ Dieselmotor + + + + Dieselkraftstoff + + @@ -10116,27 +24340,41 @@ Differenzierung + Diffuse Quelle + + Diffusion + + + + Faulschlamm + + + Faulbehälter + + + Agrarproduktion + @@ -10151,22 +24389,31 @@ Faulung + + Digitales Geländemodell + + Digitalisierung + Zufahrtsstraße + + Agrarprodukt + + @@ -10174,10 +24421,13 @@ Dünnsäure + + Dioxin + @@ -10185,10 +24435,14 @@ Direkteinleiter + + + Richtlinie + @@ -10202,10 +24456,13 @@ Behinderter + + Katastrophe + @@ -10216,42 +24473,55 @@ Katastrophenaufräumung + Katastrophenplan + Katastrophenschutz + Katastrophenbereitschaft + Katastrophenvorbeugung + Katastrophenhilfe + + Abgabenrecht + + + Abflussregime + + Krankheit + @@ -10263,6 +24533,7 @@ Krankheitsursache + @@ -10279,95 +24550,144 @@ Desinfektionsmittel + + Desinfektion + + + + Lagerung landwirtschaftlicher Erzeugnisse + + Begleitschein + Dispersion + + Ausbreitungsrechnung + + Vertriebener + Leichenentsorgung + + Kampfmittelentsorgung + + + + + Auflösen + + + Gelöster organischer Kohlenstoff + + Destillation + + + + Destillationsindustrie + Wettbewerbsverzerrung + Verteilung + + Fernwärme + + Blockheizkraftwerk + + + + Rüstungsaltlast + + + Graben + + + DNA + + Dokument + @@ -10376,6 +24696,7 @@ Dokumentation + @@ -10386,11 +24707,15 @@ Dokumentationszentrum + + + Dokumenttyp + @@ -10413,16 +24738,24 @@ Hund + + Landwirtschaftlicher Abfall + + Haushaltsgerät + + + + @@ -10430,26 +24763,35 @@ Domestiziertes Tier + + Haushaltsbrennstoff + + Heizöl (leicht) + + Hauslärm + + Zugang zur Kultur + @@ -10457,10 +24799,14 @@ Binnenhandel + + Haushaltsabfall + + @@ -10468,21 +24814,31 @@ Hausmülldeponie + + + + Haushaltsabwasser + + + Dosierung + Dosis + + @@ -10491,18 +24847,25 @@ Dosis-Wirkung-Beziehung + + + Gesetzentwurf + Libelle + Entwässerung + + @@ -10510,6 +24873,7 @@ Landwirtschaft + @@ -10530,23 +24894,35 @@ Dränwasser + Zugtier + + Baggergut + Baggerarbeit + + + + Land- und Viehwirtschaft + + + + @@ -10554,23 +24930,33 @@ Ölrückstände + Treibnetzfischerei + Bohrung + + + Bohranlage + + + Trinkwasser + + @@ -10578,37 +24964,57 @@ Trinkwasserschutzgebiet + + + + + Trinkwasserversorgung + + + Trinkwasserbehandlung + + + Dürre + + Landwirtschaftsrahmenplan + + Dürreschutz + + Drogenmißbrauch + Arzneimittel + + @@ -10617,28 +25023,40 @@ Chemischreinigung + + + + Trockene Deposition + + + Trockenfarmverfahren + Trocknung + Austrocknung + + Dualwirtschaft + @@ -10649,12 +25067,17 @@ Duale Abfallwirtschaft + + + + Abfallablagerung + @@ -10666,6 +25089,9 @@ Agrochemikalie + + + @@ -10673,74 +25099,111 @@ Endlagerung im Boden + + + + Düne + + Sonnenscheindauer + + Staub + + Staubimmission + + + Entstaubung + Anmeldepflicht + + + Wohnung + + + Farbstoff + Agroforstwirtschaft + + Deich + + + Deichverstärkung + + + Frühwarnsystem + Meereszugang + Agrarindustrie + + + + Erdkruste + + @@ -10749,10 +25212,12 @@ Erdbeben + Geowissenschaften + @@ -10764,6 +25229,7 @@ Erde-Sonne-Beziehung + @@ -10771,44 +25237,56 @@ Regenwurm + Ohrwürmer + Agrometeorologie + + Ostafrika + Ostasien + Osteuropa + Ost-West-Beziehung + Ost-West-Handel + + EG-Ministerrat + EU-Richtlinie + @@ -10821,21 +25299,32 @@ + EU-Biozidrichtlinie + + + EU-Verpackungsrichtlinie + + + EU-Deponierichtlinie + + EU-Wasserschutzrichtlinie + + @@ -10843,32 +25332,42 @@ EU-Umweltzeichen + + + Stachelhäuter + AIDS + Ökoentwicklung + + Umweltkennzeichnung + Ökologischer Reichtum + Biologische Anpassung + @@ -10878,6 +25377,9 @@ Ökologische Bewertung + + + @@ -10887,21 +25389,25 @@ Ökologisches Gleichgewicht + Ökologische Buchführung + Luft + Ökologischer Faktor + @@ -10913,10 +25419,15 @@ Ökologische Nische + + Ökologischer Parameter + + + @@ -10946,10 +25457,13 @@ Ökologische Vorrangfläche + Ökologische Bestandsaufnahme + + @@ -10957,10 +25471,13 @@ Ökologiebewegung + Ökologie + + @@ -10970,20 +25487,26 @@ Trophische Ökologie + Ökonomische Aktivität + Ökonomisch-ökologische Effizienz + + Ökonomische Analyse + + @@ -10998,10 +25521,12 @@ Wirtschaftsentwicklung + Wirtschaftswachstum + @@ -11010,6 +25535,8 @@ Ökonomische Instrumente + + @@ -11017,15 +25544,22 @@ Ökonomisches Managementinstrument + + + Wirtschaftsplanung + + Wirtschftspolitik + + @@ -11035,6 +25569,8 @@ Unfall + + @@ -11046,10 +25582,14 @@ Klimatisierung + + Ökonomie + + @@ -11062,11 +25602,14 @@ Ökonomische Situation + + Wirtschaftssystem + @@ -11074,11 +25617,14 @@ Wirtschaftstheorie + + Wirtschaftstendenz + @@ -11086,14 +25632,19 @@ Wirtschaftlichkeit + Wirtschaftszonenaufteilung + + + Wirtschaft + @@ -11131,14 +25682,20 @@ Ökopädiatrie + + Ökophysiologie + + Ökosystem + + @@ -11153,6 +25710,8 @@ Ökosystemanalyse + + @@ -11160,6 +25719,9 @@ Ökosystemabbau + + + @@ -11170,12 +25732,15 @@ Ökosystemforschung + Ökosystemtyp + + @@ -11186,33 +25751,48 @@ Ökotourismus + Ökotoxizität + + + Ökotoxikologische Bewertung + + + + Luftfahrzeug + + + Ökotoxikologie + Ökotyp + + EU-Politik + @@ -11222,6 +25802,7 @@ EU-Verordnung + @@ -11231,23 +25812,34 @@ EU-Umweltaudit-Verordnung + + + EU-Altstoffverordnung + + Edaphologie + + + Speisefett + + Bildung + @@ -11257,31 +25849,41 @@ Flugzeugemission + + + Bildungsanstalt + Bildungsplanung + Bildungspolitik + Bildungswesen + Fluglärm + + Wirkung + @@ -11300,6 +25902,7 @@ Wirkung auf die Gesundheit + @@ -11312,11 +25915,13 @@ Wirkung auf den Menschen + Wirkung auf die Umwelt + @@ -11327,18 +25932,24 @@ Wirkungsforschung + Effizienzkriterium + Wirkungsgrad + + Ausfluß + + @@ -11346,41 +25957,56 @@ Ei + UVP-Richtlinie + UVP-Gesetz + UVP (kommunal) + + Elastizität + Seneszente + + Elektrotechnik + + + Elektroindustrie + + + Elektrospeicher + @@ -11388,32 +26014,43 @@ Elektrizität + Elektrizitätsgesellschaft + + Elektrizitätsverbrauch + Elektrizitätserzeugung + Elektrizitätserzeugungskosten + + Elektrizitätswirtschaft + Elektrische Leitung + + + @@ -11421,11 +26058,15 @@ Elektrizität + Elektrizitätswerk + + + @@ -11440,51 +26081,76 @@ Elektrizitätsversorgung + + Elektrofahrzeug + Elektrokinetik + + + Elektrolyse + + + + Luftbewegung + + + Elektronisches Material + + Elektronik + Elektronikschrott + + + Elektronik-Schrott-Verordnung + + Elektrosmog + + + Luftschadstoff + @@ -11503,6 +26169,8 @@ Elektrotechnische Ausrüstung + + @@ -11510,21 +26178,27 @@ Elektrotechnische Industrie + + + Elemente der Gruppe 0 + Elemente der Gruppe I (Alkalimetalle) + Elemente der Gruppe II (Erdalkalimetalle) + @@ -11533,6 +26207,7 @@ Elemente der Gruppe III + @@ -11541,6 +26216,7 @@ Elemente der Gruppe IV + @@ -11549,6 +26225,7 @@ Elemente der Gruppe V + @@ -11556,6 +26233,7 @@ Elemente der Gruppe VI + @@ -11563,6 +26241,7 @@ Elemente der Gruppe VII + @@ -11571,6 +26250,7 @@ Chemisches Element + @@ -11583,6 +26263,8 @@ Luftverunreinigung + + @@ -11592,16 +26274,19 @@ Emanzipation + Embryo + Embryonalentwicklung + @@ -11610,30 +26295,37 @@ Notstandsrecht + Nofallplan + Nothilfe + Erste-Hilfe-Maßnahmen + Notunterkunft + + Emission + @@ -11673,6 +26365,12 @@ Emissionsüberwachung + + + + + + @@ -11688,6 +26386,10 @@ Emissionsdaten + + + + @@ -11695,6 +26397,7 @@ Emissionsfaktor + @@ -11703,6 +26406,11 @@ Emissionsprognose + + + + + @@ -11712,11 +26420,19 @@ Flughafen + + Emissionsminderung + + + + + + @@ -11730,10 +26446,16 @@ Emission Reduction Banking + + + Emissionskataster + + + @@ -11742,14 +26464,21 @@ Emissionssituation + Emittent + + + Emissionsnorm + + + @@ -11759,11 +26488,15 @@ Einleitung ins Wasser + + Beschäftigung + + @@ -11775,36 +26508,52 @@ Arbeit und Umwelt + + Beschäftigungseffekt + + Emulgierung + + Emulsion + + Kapselung + + Enzyklopädie + + Gefährdete Tierart + + Luftgüte + + @@ -11814,33 +26563,48 @@ Gefährdete Pflanzenart + + Gefährdete Arten + + Grundwassergefährdung + + + Endokrines System + + Endokrinologie + + End-of-Pipe Technik + + Energie + + @@ -11852,61 +26616,85 @@ Energiebilanz + Energieeinsparung + + Energieverbrauch + Energieumwandlung + + Energiebedarf + + + + Luftgüteüberwachung + + Energievernichtung + Energieverteilungssystem + + + + Energiewirtschaft + + Energieausnutzung + + Energierecht + + Energiewirtschaft + @@ -11916,21 +26704,29 @@ Energiemarkt + + Energiepolitik + + Energieverfahren + + Energiegewinnung + + @@ -11947,16 +26743,21 @@ Energierueckgewinnung + Energieressourcen + + Luftreinhaltung + + @@ -11964,10 +26765,13 @@ Energieeinsparung + Energiequelle + + @@ -11979,11 +26783,15 @@ Energieträger + + Energiespeicherung + + @@ -11991,6 +26799,8 @@ Energieversorgung + + @@ -11998,12 +26808,15 @@ Energietechnik + + Energieart + @@ -12013,6 +26826,7 @@ Energienutzung + @@ -12030,15 +26844,21 @@ Energienutzungsschema + + Inkraftsetzen + Motor + + + @@ -12046,60 +26866,85 @@ Extensivierungspolitik + Extensivierungsprogramm + + Angereichertes Uran + + + Anreicherung + + + Ernährungssicherung + Umweltunfall + + Ökologische Buchführung + + Umweltschutzberatung + Luftsicherheit + Umweltangst + + Baubiologie + Umweltaspekt von Siedlungen + + + Umweltbewertung + + + @@ -12122,6 +26967,9 @@ Umweltbewertungskriterium + + + @@ -12134,12 +26982,16 @@ Umweltaudit + + Umweltbewußtsein + + @@ -12152,10 +27004,14 @@ Umweltbilanz + + Umweltveränderung + + @@ -12170,27 +27026,41 @@ Umweltchemikalienrecht + + + Umweltchemie + + Umweltverträglichkeit + + Umweltauswirkung + + Luftraumplanung + + + Umweltschutz + + @@ -12208,10 +27078,13 @@ Umweltkontingenzplanung + + Umweltschutz + @@ -12221,6 +27094,8 @@ Umweltkosten + + @@ -12229,14 +27104,19 @@ Umweltverbrechen + Umweltstrafrecht + Umweltkriterium + + + @@ -12248,15 +27128,23 @@ Unfallbedingtes Freisetzen von Organismen + + + + Umweltkultur + + + Umweltschaden + @@ -12268,6 +27156,9 @@ Umweltdaten + + + @@ -12283,18 +27174,22 @@ Umweltentwicklung + Lufttemperatur + + Umweltökonomische Angelegenheiten + @@ -12316,25 +27211,34 @@ Umweltökonomie + Umwelterziehung + + Umweltunternehmen + + Umweltethik + + Luftverkehr + + @@ -12345,37 +27249,50 @@ Umweltfonds + Umweltgefährdung + + + Umelthygiene + Umwelthygienische Gefahr + Umwelthygienische Verträglichkeitsprüfung + Umweltgesundheitsschutz + Umweltgeschichte + + + Umweltbelastung + + @@ -12393,6 +27310,9 @@ Umweltverträglichkeitsprüfung + + + @@ -12401,65 +27321,92 @@ Umweltbelastung durch Landwirtschaft + + Umweltbelastung durch Aquakultur + + + Energiebedingte Umweltbelastung + + Umweltbelastung durch Fischerei + + + Umweltbelastung durch Forstwirtschaft + + Umweltbelastung durch Haushalte + Umweltbelastung durch Industrie + + Umweltbelastung durch Freizeitgestaltung + Tourismusbedingte Umweltbelastung + Umweltbelastung durch Verkehr + + + Umweltverträglichkeitsstudie + + + Umweltverträglichkeitsstudie + + + Umweltbedingter Anreiz + @@ -12467,15 +27414,21 @@ Umweltindikator + + Umweltindex + + Umweltindustrie + + @@ -12483,14 +27436,20 @@ Luftverkehrsgesetz + + + Umweltinformatik + Umweltinformation + + @@ -12498,36 +27457,50 @@ Umweltinformationsnetz + + Umweltinformationssystem + + Umweltinvestition + Environmentalismus + + Umweltgesetz + Luftverkehrsüberwachung + + + Umweltrechtliche Strafverfolgung + + Umweltrecht + @@ -12543,53 +27516,79 @@ Agrarumweltrecht + + + Umweltschutzgesetzgebung + + Umwelthaftung + Umweltlizenz + + Umweltgefährdende Stoffe + + + Umweltfreundliche Beschaffung + + + + Umweltfreundliches Produkt + + Umweltorientierte Unternehmensführung + + Umweltbedingte Krankheit + Umweltbewusstes Verhalten + Umweltfeindlicher Betrieb + + + Umweltmanagement + + @@ -12616,19 +27615,26 @@ Umweltmedizin + Umweltvergehen + Umweltüberwachung + + + + Umgebungslärm + @@ -12643,15 +27649,19 @@ Umweltwahrnehmung + + Grad der Erfüllung von Umweltauflagen + Umweltplanung + @@ -12665,14 +27675,19 @@ Lufttransport + + + Umweltplan + Umweltpolitik + @@ -12689,6 +27704,8 @@ Umweltpolitische Instrumente + + @@ -12696,6 +27713,7 @@ Umweltverschmutzung + @@ -12705,10 +27723,13 @@ Umweltpriorität + + Umweltprogramm + @@ -12716,12 +27737,17 @@ Luft-Wasser-Wechselwirkung + + + + Umweltschutz + @@ -12733,42 +27759,59 @@ Umweltbehörde + Umweltschutzverband + + Umweltschutzkosten + Betrieblicher Umweltschutz + + Umweltschutzauflage + Umweltschutzorganisation + Umweltschutzvorschrift + Umweltschutztechnik + + Umweltpsychologie + + Umweltqualität + + + + @@ -12776,10 +27819,15 @@ Umweltqualitätskriterien + + + + Umweltqualitätsziel + @@ -12788,10 +27836,13 @@ Umweltqualitätsstandard + + Umweltbericht + @@ -12799,12 +27850,15 @@ Umweltforschung + Umweltrisikobewertung + + @@ -12812,55 +27866,76 @@ Umweltrisiko + Umweltwissenschaft + Umweltsicherheit + Umweltprobenbank + + + Umwelterklärung (Ökoaudit) + + + Umweltstatistik + + + Umweltbörse + Umweltsubvention + + Umweltziel + Alarmierung + Umweltunterricht + + Umwelttechnologie + + @@ -12877,31 +27952,42 @@ Umweltterminologie + Umweltausbildung + + Umweltökonomische Bewertung + Umweltvandalismus + Umweltkriegsführung + + + Umweltfreundlich + + Umwelt + @@ -12912,26 +27998,33 @@ Enzym + + Epidemie + Epidemiologie + + Equinae + Ausrüstung + @@ -12962,14 +28055,21 @@ Äquivalentdosis + Ergonomie + + + Erosion + + + @@ -12978,109 +28078,146 @@ Erosionsschutz + + + + Ästuarbiologie + + Ästuarschutzgebiet + + Ästuarökosystem + + Ästuare Ozeanographie + Ästuar + + Beizen + + Ätzmittel + + Ether + Alkohol + Ethik + + Ethnologie + + + Ethologie + Rat der Europäischen Union + Europäische Atomgemeinschaft + Europa + Europäische Kommission + Europäischer Gerichtshof + Europäische Umweltagentur + Europäischer Umweltrat + Unfallsursache + Europareservat + + Europäisches Parlament + Europäische Union + @@ -13102,18 +28239,24 @@ Eutrophierung + + + Algen + Bewertung + + @@ -13127,77 +28270,109 @@ Bewertungskriterium + Bewertungsverfahren + Technologiebewertung + + + Evaporation + + + Evapotranspiration + Evolution + Exakte Wissenschaft + Baggerloch + + Abgrabung + + + Algenblüte + + + Abgrabungshalde + Abgrabung (Ort) + + + Schornsteinüberhöhung + + + + Durchführungsverordnung + Auspuffanlage + + + Auspuffgas + @@ -13207,16 +28382,21 @@ Altstoff (ChemG) + + + Exot + Ausgabe + @@ -13224,10 +28404,13 @@ Algizid + + Experiment + @@ -13237,67 +28420,99 @@ Expertensystem + + Exploration + + Explosion + Explosivstoff + + Ausfuhr + + Ausfuhrgenehmigung + + + Sonderabfallausfuhr + + + + + + Exposition + Enteignung + + Extensive Viehzucht + + Externalität + + Alicyclische Verbindung + Aussterben + Ausgestorbene Art + + Extraktion + + + @@ -13309,38 +28524,54 @@ Alicyclischer Kohlenwasserstoff + Extraktivindustrie + + Gewebe + Faktormarkt + Agrarfabrik + + Fäkalbakterien + + + + Aliphatische Verbindungen + Fallout + + + + @@ -13349,33 +28580,45 @@ Brachfläche + + Brachland + + Familie + Familienplanung + Aliphatischer Kohlenwasserstoff + Hungersnot + + + Vieh + + @@ -13384,25 +28627,32 @@ Bauernhof + + Alkalischer Boden + Bauernhof + + Schnellverkehr + Fauna + @@ -13410,33 +28660,44 @@ Bundesbehörde + Bundesregierung + Bundesrecht + Gebühr + Tierfütterung + Niedermoor + + Fermentation + + + + @@ -13444,10 +28705,14 @@ Farnpflanze + Düngemittel + + + @@ -13460,54 +28725,77 @@ Düngemittelgesetz + + + Faser + Glasfaser + + Ackerland + + Flurschaden + + + Freilandversuch + Feldstudie + Füllmaterial + Tankstelle + + + + + Film + + Filter + + @@ -13516,16 +28804,22 @@ Filterrückstand + + Alkalischer Boden + Filtration + + + @@ -13536,10 +28830,14 @@ Endlagerung + + + Finanzen + @@ -13557,34 +28855,41 @@ Finanzierungshilfe + Finanzielle Entschädigung + Finanzieller Beitrag + Finanzinstrument + Finanzrecht + Finanzmarkt + Finanzierung + @@ -13594,51 +28899,65 @@ Bussgeld + Feinstaub + Brand + Brandvorbeugung + Brandschutzmittel + Alkan + Brandschutz + Brandschutzauflage + Feuerwehr + + + Feuerung + + + @@ -13646,6 +28965,8 @@ Betriebe + + @@ -13660,11 +28981,15 @@ Fischkrankheit + + + Fischerei + @@ -13683,6 +29008,7 @@ Fischereiwirtschaft + @@ -13690,32 +29016,44 @@ Fischbestände + + + Fischereiökonomie + + Fischereipolitik + + Fisch + + Fischzucht + Fischerei + + @@ -13725,91 +29063,137 @@ Alkylverbindung + Fischindustrie + + + + Fischereirecht + + Fischereischutzgebiet + + + + + Fischereifahrzeug + + Fischsterben + + + Fischbestand + + Fischtoxizität + + + + Armatur + fester Kostenzeitplan + Billigflaggen + Abfackelung + + + + + Schnelltest + Aromastoff + Floh + Allergen + + Flexible Umweltschutzauflage + + Flockungsmittel + + Ausflockung + + + + Hochwasser + + @@ -13820,6 +29204,8 @@ Hochwasserbekämpfung + + @@ -13827,6 +29213,7 @@ Überschwemmung + @@ -13836,27 +29223,37 @@ Flora + Florenwiederherstellung + + + Flotation + + + Fluß (Bewegung) + Blume + Blütenpflanzen + @@ -13871,82 +29268,118 @@ Strömungsfeld + + + Fließgewässer + Rauchgas + Allergie + Strömungslehre + Wirbelschichtverfahren + + + Wirbelschicht + + + Fluoridierung + + + Fluor + Fluvialressourcen + + + Binnengewässertransport + + + Flugasche + + + Schaumbildner + + Futtermittel + + + Nebel + Nebel + Allokation + Laub + Nahrung + @@ -13959,39 +29392,60 @@ Lebensmittelzusatzstoff + + Nahrungskette + Bebauungsplan + + + Lebensmittelfarbe + + Nahrungsmittelgewerbe + + + + Lebensmittelkontamination + + + + Lebensmittelhygiene + + Lebensmittelindustrie + + + @@ -14002,15 +29456,22 @@ Lebensmittelbestrahlung + + Lebensmittelverunreinigung + + + + Lebensmittelkonservierung + @@ -14018,22 +29479,30 @@ Lebensmittelindustrie + + + Lebensmittelerzeugung + + Lebensmittelqualität + + Nahrungsmittelbedarf + @@ -14041,15 +29510,21 @@ Lebensmittelkunde + + Lebensmittellagerung + + Lebensmittel + + @@ -14072,29 +29547,45 @@ Lebensmitteltechnologie + + Lebensmitteltransport + Fußweg + + + Futtermittelkontamination + + + + Futtermittelgesetz + + + + Legierung + + @@ -14102,6 +29593,7 @@ Vorhersage + @@ -14113,19 +29605,25 @@ Präklusion + Außenwirtschaftsbeziehungen + + Außenpolitik + Außenhandel + + @@ -14133,6 +29631,8 @@ Forst + + @@ -14152,44 +29652,65 @@ Anschwemmung + Waldschutz + + Zerstörung der Waldbedeckung + + + + Waldschaden + + Waldökosystem + + + Waldbrand + + + Alphastrahlung + Forstindustrie + + + Forstwirtschaft + + @@ -14197,19 +29718,27 @@ Forstschädling + + + Forstpolitik + + Forstwirtschaftliche Produktion + Forstwirtschaftliches Erzeugnis + + @@ -14219,6 +29748,10 @@ Waldschutzgebiet + + + + @@ -14227,16 +29760,22 @@ Bewertung der Waldressourcen + + Waldbestand + + + Forstwirtschaft + @@ -14256,15 +29795,21 @@ Forstökonomie + + Forstgesetz + + Forstrecht + + @@ -14272,12 +29817,14 @@ Waldwirtschaft + Staatsform + @@ -14286,10 +29833,14 @@ Fossil + Brennstoff (fossil) + + + @@ -14300,26 +29851,38 @@ Fouling + + + Viertaktmotor + + + + Rahmengesetzgebung + Informationsfreiheit + + Gütertransport + + @@ -14329,10 +29892,14 @@ Freon + + + Süßwasser + @@ -14346,10 +29913,13 @@ Süßwasserbiologie + + Süßwasserdegradation + @@ -14357,24 +29927,33 @@ Süßwasserökosystem + + Ersatzstoff + Süßwasserüberwachung + + Süßwasserorganismen + + Süßwasserverschmutzung + + @@ -14382,25 +29961,34 @@ Süßwasserressourcen + + Frosch + Frost + + Obst + + + Obstbau + @@ -14408,11 +29996,15 @@ Obstbaum + + Brennstoff + + @@ -14438,101 +30030,141 @@ Kraftstoffzusatz + + + Alkoholischer Brennstoff + + + Brennstoffzusammensetzung + + + Alternativtechnologie + + Kraftstoffverbrauch + + Heizöl + + Tankanlage + + + Brennholz + + + Schwaden + Tonerde + Begasung + + Stoffe (funktionsbezogen) + + Bodenfunktion + Myzeten + Pilz + Aluminium + Fungizid + + + Pelz + + Pelztier + + Furan + Ofen (Industrie) + @@ -14540,44 +30172,61 @@ Möbel + Aluminiumbehälter + Möbelindustrie + + Kürschnerei + + Hühnervögel + Aluminiumgehalt + + Galvanotechnik + + Wild + + Gammastrahlung + Garten + + + @@ -14587,37 +30236,53 @@ Aluminiumindustrie + Gartenabfall + Garigue + Gasförmiger Stoff + + + Gaschromatographie + + Gaswirtschaft + + + Gasmotor + + + + Gasförmige Luftverunreinigungen + @@ -14627,12 +30292,17 @@ Gasförmiger Zustand + + Gasbehandlung + + + @@ -14641,20 +30311,31 @@ Vergasung + + + Gasverflüssigung + + Gasgemisch + + Gasnetz + + + + @@ -14662,36 +30343,59 @@ Gasohol + + Ottomotor + + + + Gasrohrleitung + + + + Gaskraftwerk + + + Gasreinigung + + + Gasrückführung + + + Gasspeicher + + Gasversorgung + + @@ -14701,40 +30405,56 @@ Anreicherung im Körpergewebe + + Alveole + + Schnecke + Gaswerk + + + Geschlechtsspezifische Fragen + Genbank + + Allgemeine Verwaltungsmaßnahme + Allgemeine Chemie + + Gen + + @@ -14742,6 +30462,7 @@ Genetische Vielfalt + @@ -14749,12 +30470,15 @@ Genetische Wirkung + Gentechnik + + @@ -14770,11 +30494,14 @@ Gentechnikrecht + + Genetische Information + @@ -14784,24 +30511,31 @@ Amalgam + + + Genmutation + Genetische Ressourcen + + Genetik + @@ -14809,20 +30543,26 @@ Genetische Variation + Geodäsie + + Geogener Faktor + Geographisches Informationssystem + + @@ -14830,6 +30570,8 @@ Geographie + + @@ -14843,11 +30585,15 @@ Geologische Katastrophe + + Geologischer Prozess + + @@ -14856,6 +30602,9 @@ Geologie + + + @@ -14866,6 +30615,8 @@ Geomorphologischer Prozeß + + @@ -14874,36 +30625,47 @@ Geomorphologie + + + Geophysik + Geotechnologie + Erdwärme + Keim + + Keimung + Keimplasma + Amerika + @@ -14912,6 +30674,8 @@ Gletscher + + @@ -14922,37 +30686,50 @@ Gletscherforschung + + Glas + + Glasindustrie + + Globale Aspekte + + Globale Konvention + Globale Umweltfazilität + Globalmodell + + Treibhauseffekt-Potential + @@ -14962,41 +30739,54 @@ Glossar + Klebstoff + Einzelwirtschaftliches Ziel + + AMES-Test + + Golf (Spiel) + Ordnungsgemäße Verwaltung + Regierungsberatungsorgan + Regierungsgebäude + + + Regierung (Institution) + @@ -15005,89 +30795,129 @@ Staatsumweltausgaben + Staatshaftung + Regierungspolitik + Amin + Getreide + + + Gras + Aminosäure + Grasbrand + + Heuschrecke + Grünland + + + Graslandökosystem + + Kies + + Kiesabbau + + + Kiesgrube + + + Beweidung + + + Ammoniak + + + + Grüngürtel + + + Öko-Haus + Grünstreifen + + Umweltsteuer + + @@ -15103,10 +30933,13 @@ Unterglasanbau + Treibhauseffekt + + @@ -15114,6 +30947,9 @@ Treibhausgas + + + @@ -15126,14 +30962,25 @@ Gründünger + + + + Grüne Revolution + + + Grünfläche + + + + @@ -15143,38 +30990,58 @@ Blattgemüse + + Zerkleinern + + + Bruttosozialprodukt + Ammonifikation + + + Grundwasser + + Grundwasserentnahme + + + Grundwasserverunreinigung + + Grundwasserschutz + + + Gruppenverhalten + @@ -15185,30 +31052,42 @@ Ammonium + Akkumulator + + Golf (Küste) + + + Nacktsamer + Gips + + + Habitat + + @@ -15216,29 +31095,38 @@ Hämatologie + + Hagel + Halbwertszeit + + + Haloform + Halogenbiphenyle + Halogenkohlenwasserstoff + @@ -15248,11 +31136,14 @@ Halogenphenole + Halogenierter Schadstoff + + @@ -15260,47 +31151,63 @@ Halogenierte Terphenyle + (Kunst)handwerksunternehmen + + + Kunsthandwerk + Hafen + + + Härte + + Schwerentsorgbarer Abfall + Abwasserbelastung + + Rechtsvereinheitlichung + Ernte + Gefahren + @@ -15313,12 +31220,17 @@ Gefahr durch Schadstoffe + + + Gefahrstoff + + @@ -15326,15 +31238,22 @@ Gefahrstoffrecht + + Sonderabfalldeponie + + Gefährlicher Abfall + + + @@ -15343,18 +31262,24 @@ Gefährlicher Arbeitsstoff + + Dunst + Ackerrandstreifen + + Gesundheit + @@ -15365,6 +31290,7 @@ Gesundheitsfürsorge + @@ -15379,6 +31305,7 @@ Gesundheit-Umweltbeziehung + @@ -15391,6 +31318,7 @@ Amphibien + @@ -15398,12 +31326,16 @@ Gesundheitseinrichtung + + + Gesundheitsgefährdung + @@ -15420,6 +31352,8 @@ Gesundheitsrecht + + @@ -15427,6 +31361,7 @@ Gesundheitsschutz + @@ -15436,65 +31371,97 @@ Gesundheitsrecht + + Freizeitpark + + + + Gesundheitsbezogene Biotechnologie + + + Gesundheitsdienst + + Gehörschädigung + + Anhörungsverfahren + Gehörschutz + + + Gehör + + Wärme + + Heizkraftwerk + + + + + Heizgerät + + Heide + + Heizung + + @@ -15503,6 +31470,9 @@ Heizwerk + + + @@ -15510,16 +31480,22 @@ Wärmepumpe + + Wärmespeicherung + + Wärmeversorgung + + @@ -15528,20 +31504,32 @@ anaerobe Bedingungen + + + Schwerlastverkehr + + + Schwermetallbelastung + + + + + Schwermetall + @@ -15555,80 +31543,111 @@ Hecke + + Herbizid + + + Pflanzenfresser + Heterozyklen + Anaerober Prozess + + + Hochschulausbildung + Hochlandökosystem + + Hochgebirge + + Eiweißreiche Nahrung + Hochhaus + + Hochgeschwindigkeitsbahn + + Hochgeschwindigkeitszug + Gezeitenhochwasser + + Hochspannungsleitung + + + Öffentliche Straße + + Hügel + + Analyse + @@ -15653,74 +31672,108 @@ Historische Entwicklung + Baudenkmal + + Geschichtliche Forschung + Historischer Standort + + Untersuchungsprogramm + Geschichte + + Ferienlager + + + Urlaub + + Analytische Chemie + + Pferd + + Gartenbau + Krankenhaus + + + + Krankenhausabfall + + Gastronomiebetriebe + + + + Warmwasser + + Analysenausrüstung + + Haushalt + @@ -15729,19 +31782,27 @@ Haushaltschemikalien + + Haushaltsware + + Analysenverfahren + + Unterkunft + + @@ -15757,40 +31818,53 @@ Wohndichte + + Wohnungsbaufinanzierung + Wohnverbesserung + + Wohnrecht + Wohnbedarf + Wohnungsbauprogramm + + Wohnqualitätsnorm + Entenvögel + Anlagensanierung + + @@ -15800,10 +31874,12 @@ Humanbiologie + Menschliche Krankheit + @@ -15832,15 +31908,21 @@ Humanökologie + + + Menschliche Schadstoffaussetzung + + Menschliche Gesundheit + @@ -15849,6 +31931,7 @@ Anthropogene Katastrophe + @@ -15858,14 +31941,19 @@ Humanpathologie + + Humanphysiologie + + Bevölkerung + @@ -15877,6 +31965,8 @@ Anatomie + + @@ -15894,6 +31984,8 @@ Menschenrecht + + @@ -15901,6 +31993,9 @@ Siedlung + + + @@ -15917,16 +32012,21 @@ Siedlungswirtschaft + Humus + + Jagd + + @@ -15934,21 +32034,30 @@ Jagdreservat + + + Hurrikan + + Hybridisierung + Wasserbau + + + @@ -15959,6 +32068,8 @@ Wasserbau + + @@ -15968,61 +32079,85 @@ Hydraulik + + Hydrobiologie + + + Kohlenwasserstoff + Salzsäure + Hydrokultur + Wasserkraftwerk + + + + Wasserstoff + Schwefelwasserstoff + + Hydrogeologie + Hydrographie + + Bedecktsamer + Wasserkatastrophe + + + Wasserbilanz + + @@ -16031,6 +32166,8 @@ Wasserkreislauf + + @@ -16046,27 +32183,37 @@ Hydrologie + + Hydrolyse + Angeln + + Hydrometeorologie + + Wasserkraft + + Hydrosphäre + @@ -16077,58 +32224,79 @@ Hygiene + Hautflügler + Eis + + + Eisberg + + + Packeis + + + Schadstoffbestimmung + + Ideologie + Bildverarbeitung + IMCO-Code + + + Faunenverfälschung + Florenverfälschung + Immission + @@ -16138,40 +32306,66 @@ Immissionsschutz + + + + + Immissionsschutzgesetz + + + + + Immissionsschaden + + + + Tierverhalten + Immissionsprognose + + + + Immissionsgrenzwert + + + + Immissionsbelastung + Immunsystem + + @@ -16179,23 +32373,32 @@ Immunität + Immunoassay + + Immunologische Krankheit + Immunologie + + + Verträglichkeitsprüfung + + @@ -16205,20 +32408,27 @@ Wirkungsminimierung + + Impaktor + Vorbeugung gegen Schadwirkungen + + Wirkungsquellen + + @@ -16229,20 +32439,27 @@ Ausführungsgesetz + Einfuhr + + Einfuhrlizenz + Tierkrankheit + + + @@ -16251,31 +32468,44 @@ Verarmung + Imprägnierungsmittel + + Imprägnierung + Wirkungsgradverbesserung + Stossbelastung + + Impulsschall + Verbrennung + + + + + @@ -16286,6 +32516,10 @@ Abfallverbrennung + + + + @@ -16297,39 +32531,55 @@ Verbrennungsanlage + + Hang + + Einkommen + + Inkorporation + + Stalldünger als Kraftstoff + + + Schadenersatz + Indischer Ozean + Indikator + + + @@ -16340,87 +32590,131 @@ Saure Deposition + + + Tierökologie + Umweltindikator + + + + Umweltqualitätsindikator + Naturwald + + + Einheimische Technologie + + Indirekteinleiter + Luftverschmutzung von Innenräumen + + + + Tierversuch + Innenraum + + + Industriegebiet + + + Industrieverband + + + Betriebsgebäude + + Industriepflanze + Industrielle Entwicklung + + Industriehalde + + Industrieökonomie + + Industrieabwasser + + Tierfutter + + + + @@ -16428,6 +32722,8 @@ Industrieemission + + @@ -16438,6 +32734,8 @@ Industrie-Umweltpolitik + + @@ -16446,6 +32744,7 @@ Industrieausrüstung + @@ -16467,10 +32766,14 @@ Industrielles Abgas + + Industrieanlage + + @@ -16482,41 +32785,59 @@ Industrialisierung + + Industrierecht + + + Industrieller Stoff + + Tiergenetik + + Arbeitsmedizin + + + Industrielärm + + Industrieplanung + + Industrieanlage + + @@ -16540,6 +32861,7 @@ Industriepolitik + @@ -16554,11 +32876,14 @@ Industriebedingte Umweltverschmutzung + + Industrielle Verfahren + @@ -16636,14 +32961,21 @@ Industrieproduktion + + Industrieproduktionsstatistik + + + Industrieprodukt + + @@ -16679,10 +33011,15 @@ Schutzrecht + + Industriestandort + + + @@ -16695,35 +33032,56 @@ Industrieschlamm + + + Industriegesellschaft + + + Industrieabfall + + + Industrieabgas + + + Industrieabwasser + + + Industrieansiedlung + + + + Industrie + + @@ -16772,36 +33130,53 @@ Tierbehausung + + + Inertisierung + + Inertabfall + Säuglingssterblichkeit + + Infektion + + + Infektionskrankheit + Pflanzenbefall + + + Tierhaltung + + @@ -16815,28 +33190,41 @@ Lebensmittelbefall + + + Infiltration + + Brennbarer Stoff + + + Zufluss + + Informales Verwaltungshandeln + Informatik + + @@ -16849,6 +33237,8 @@ Information + + @@ -16870,21 +33260,25 @@ Informationsverarbeitung + Informationsdienst + Informationsquelle + Informationssystem + @@ -16897,30 +33291,41 @@ Informationstechnologie + + Strafbare Handlung + Infrarotstrahlen + Tiermist + + + + Infraschall + Infrastruktur + + @@ -16939,51 +33344,74 @@ Bewohner + + Verletzung + + Druckfarbe + Binnenfischerei + Binnenschiffahrt + + Binnengewässer + + Binnengüterschiffahrt + + + Tierlärm + + Innovation + + Anorganische Chemie + + Mineraldünger + + + + @@ -16996,15 +33424,21 @@ Anorganischer Schadstoff + + Tierernährung + + + Anorganische Substanzen + @@ -17026,16 +33460,21 @@ Insektizid + + + Insektenfresser + Insekt + @@ -17051,37 +33490,49 @@ in-situ + + Inspektion + Akteneinsicht + + Prüfdienst + + Genehmigungsbedürftige Anlage + Institutionalisierung + Instrumentenherstellung + Tierphysiologie + + @@ -17089,10 +33540,16 @@ Dämmstoff + + + Versicherung + + + @@ -17101,104 +33558,146 @@ Versicherungswirtschaft + + + Versicherungsschutz + + + Integrales Naturreservat + + Integrierte Umweltschutztechnik + + Integrierte Schädlingsbekämpfung + Integrierter Umweltschutz + + + + Intensivtierhaltung + Intensivlandwirtschaft + Pestizidwechselwirkung + + + + Elektronischer Datenaustausch + Versauerung + Interdisziplinäre Forschung + Zins + Interessenverband + Teilbescheid + Ringversuch + + Tierproduktion + + Zwischenprodukt + + + Intermittierendes Geräusch + Europäischer Binnenmarkt + + Internalisierung der Umweltkosten + Internationale Vereinbarung + Internationale Wettbewerbsfähigkeit + Tierisches Produkt + + @@ -17207,44 +33706,56 @@ Internationale Übereinkommen + Internationale Zusammenarbeit + Internationaler Gerichtshof + Internationale Verteilung + Internationale Arbeitsteilung + + Internationale Umwelbeziehungen + Internationale Harmonisierung + Tierschutz + + + Internationales Recht + @@ -17252,10 +33763,14 @@ International wichtiges Ökosstem + + + Internationale Organisation + @@ -17267,11 +33782,13 @@ Internationale Politik + Internationale Beziehungen + @@ -17286,6 +33803,8 @@ Grenzüberschreitendes Flußeinzugsgebiet + + @@ -17293,44 +33812,59 @@ Internationale Sicherheit + + Internationale Normierung + Internationaler Handel + + Internationale Wasserstraße + Tierressourcen + + Auswertungsverfahren + Tidebereich + + Eingriff in Natur und Landschaft + + Inventar + + @@ -17338,22 +33872,28 @@ Waldschadensinventur + + Inversion + Inversionsschicht + + Invertebraten + @@ -17365,42 +33905,65 @@ Investition + Schlachtvieh + + + in vitro-Test + + + in vivo-Test + + + Jod + Ionenaustausch + + + + Ionenaustauscher + + + + Tierheim + + + Ionisierende Strahlung + @@ -17411,21 +33974,26 @@ Ionosphäre + + Ionen + Eisen + Tier + @@ -17440,58 +34008,84 @@ Eisenindustrie + + Eisenhüttenindustrie + + Bestrahlung + + + Bewässerung + + Bewässerungskanal + + + Bewässerungslandbau + + Tierische Textilfaser + Insel + + Inselökosystem + + Isolierung + + + + Isomer + Tierhandel + + @@ -17499,15 +34093,21 @@ Isotop + Elfenbein + Tierische Abfälle + + + + @@ -17519,18 +34119,22 @@ Gesamtschuldner + Gemeinsame Umsetzung (Rio-Konferenz) + Amtshilfe + Rechtsorgan + @@ -17538,63 +34142,82 @@ Gerichtsregelung + Anionen + Rechtsprechung + Jura + + Karstgebiet + Lagerung + + Kerosin + + Ringelwurm + Kennzeichnung + + Laboratorium + + Laborversuch + Laboruntersuchung + + Labortechnik + @@ -17609,11 +34232,15 @@ Laboratoriumsabfall + + Arbeit + + @@ -17624,15 +34251,22 @@ Antagonismus + + + Arbeitsrecht + + Arbeitsmarkt + + @@ -17640,22 +34274,30 @@ Arbeitsverhältnisse + + Lack + Lagune + + + Seebecken + + @@ -17663,20 +34305,28 @@ Seenverunreinigung + + See + + Lampe + + Land + + @@ -17697,63 +34347,96 @@ antagonistische Wirkung von Giftstoffen + + Landzugang + Flächenwidmung + + + + + Grundbuch + + Aufnahmekapazität des Bodens + Rodung + + + Antarktis + Landespflege + + Flurbereinigung + + + Landbedeckung + + + Landesentwicklung + + + + Bodenökologie + + + + Deponie + + @@ -17768,27 +34451,44 @@ Deponieabdeckung + + Deponieentgasung + + + + Deponiegas + + + Deponiesickerwasser + + + + Bodengestaltung + + Geographische Form + + @@ -17806,19 +34506,27 @@ Ökosystem der Antarktis + + Landsäugetier + Flächennutzung + + + Landplanung + + @@ -17830,28 +34538,43 @@ Bodenverunreinigung + + + Südpolarmeer + Rekultivierung + + Kataster + + + + Bodensanierung + + + + Landschaft + @@ -17863,69 +34586,107 @@ Bergbaufolgelandschaft + + Antarktis + Landschaftsveränderung + Landschaftsarchitektur + Landschaftselement + Landschaftsschutz + + Landschaftspflege + + Landschaftsökologie + + + Landschaftspflege + + Landschaftsplanung + + Landschaftsschutz + + Landschaftsschutzgebiet + + Landschaftsverbrauch + + + + + + + Landschaftsnutzung + + + + + + Flächenstruktur + + + + @@ -17944,16 +34705,28 @@ Erdrutsch + + + Überlandtransport + + Flächennutzung + + + + + + + @@ -17962,6 +34735,9 @@ Anthropogene Aktivität + + + @@ -17971,143 +34747,207 @@ Flächennutzungsklassifikation + + + + + Flächennutzungsplanung + + + + Bodennutzungssystem + + + + Bodenwert + + Grossfeuerungsanlage + + + Laser + Acidität + Anthropogener Faktor + Wäsche + + + Gesetze + Gesetzesnovellierung + Anthropologisches Reservat + + Gesetzesvollzug + Nachbarschaftsrecht + Rechtswissenschaft + + Auswaschung + + + + + Blei + Bleiverbindung + Bleiverseuchung + Benzinbleigesetz + + + Blutbleispiegel + + + Antibiotika + + + + Blatt (Pflanze) + Leckage + Leder + + Lederindustrie + + Rechtsgrundlage + Antikörper + + Rechtsgut + Rechtsverordnung + Rechtsbehelf + Rechtsdokument + Gesetzgebung + @@ -18120,10 +34960,13 @@ Gefahrenvorsorge + Umweltschutzrecht + + @@ -18132,26 +34975,38 @@ Wasserressourcenrecht + + + Gesetzgeber + + Gesetzgebungskompetenz + + Gesetzesinformation + Legislative + + Freizeitbereich + + @@ -18166,34 +35021,45 @@ Freizeit + + + Lepidoptera + Antifouling + + Leukämie + Abgabe + Lexikon + + Haftpflicht + @@ -18204,41 +35070,56 @@ Haftung für maritime Havarien + + Atomschadenshaftung + + Haftungsrecht + Bibliothek + + + + + Genehmigungsverfahren + Genehmigungsverfahren + Genehmigungspflicht + Flechten + Säuregrad + @@ -18246,11 +35127,14 @@ Lebenszyklus + Biowissenschaften + + @@ -18263,78 +35147,114 @@ Lebensstil + Licht + Beleuchtung + + + Leichtflüssigkeitsabscheider + + Braunkohle + + + Braunkohlenbergbau + + + Kalk + + + + Kalkstein + + Grenzwert + + Umweltschutzanreiz + + Limnologie + + Linienschallquelle + Dichtungsbahn + + + Linienquellen + + Lipid + + Lipophiler Stoff + Flüssiggas + + @@ -18342,40 +35262,53 @@ Flüssigmist + + + Flüssiger Zustand + Flüssiger Abfall + Literatur + + Literaturdatenbank + Literaturauswertung + + Literaturstudie + + Lithosphäre + @@ -18383,19 +35316,27 @@ Unrat + Litoral + + AOX-Wert + + + Viehbestand + + @@ -18403,211 +35344,289 @@ Viehzucht + Viehwirtschaft + Lebensbedingung + Biologische Meeresressourcen + + Lebensraum + + Eidechse + Belastbarkeit + + Kommunalbehörde + Mehrfamilienhaus + + Kommunalfinanzen + Kommunalpolitik + Fernheizung + + Örtliche Baustoffe + Personennahverkehr + + + + Nahverkehr + + + Industriestandort + + + Lokomotive + Bienenzucht + + Fernverkehr + + + Weiträumiger Transport + + Langzeitwirkung + + + Langzeitwirkung von Schadstoffen + + Langzeitversuch + Langzeitvorhersage + Langzeittrend + Lastkraftwagen + Verlust (wirtschaftlich) + Biotopverlust + + Lautstärke + Kostensparende Bauweise + + + Anfechtung + Unterhaus + Weniger gefährdete Arten + + Niedrigwasserabfluß + + Tiefflug + + + + + Beschwerdeverfahren + Grundtechnologien + Schmierstoff + Helligkeit + Angewandte Ökologie + Lauge + Lymphsystem + + Lysimetrie + Angewandte Ernährung + Maschinenbau + + Gesamtwirtschaftliches Ziel + Volkswirtschaftslehre + Angewandte Wissenschaft + @@ -18619,46 +35638,59 @@ Magnetband + Magnetismus + Adressenliste + Umweltpflege + + Großer Unfall + Malaria + Missbildung + + Unterernährung + Angepasste Technik (Technologietransfer) + + Säugetier + @@ -18672,10 +35704,13 @@ Mensch + + Management + @@ -18690,10 +35725,13 @@ Bewirtschaftungsvertrag + Naturpflege + + @@ -18701,26 +35739,33 @@ Verwaltungsplan + Mandat + Mangrove + Mangrovensumpf + Anlagengenehmigung + Klimaänderung (anthropogen) + + @@ -18729,6 +35774,8 @@ Mensch-Natur-Verhältnis + + @@ -18739,20 +35786,31 @@ Arbeitskraft + + Produzierende Tätigkeit + + Produzierendes Gewerbe + + + Dünger + + + + @@ -18762,6 +35820,8 @@ Düngererzeugung + + @@ -18769,6 +35829,9 @@ Aquakultur + + + @@ -18779,6 +35842,8 @@ Karte + + @@ -18787,41 +35852,66 @@ Kartierung + + Flechtenkartierung + + + + Marmor + + + Grenzertragsboden + + + Marine Aquakultur + + Sporthafen + + + + Meeresbiologie + + + Meeresschutzgebiet + + Wassertier + + @@ -18829,28 +35919,39 @@ Meeresökologie + + + Meeresökosystem + + Schiffstechnik + + Meeresumwelt + Meeresfauna + + Meeresfischerei + @@ -18860,42 +35961,60 @@ Meeresgeologie + Wasserökologie + Meeresüberwachung + + + + Meeresorganismen + + Meeresverunreinigung + + Meeresschutzgebiet + + + Schutz der Meeresressourcen + + Meeressediment + Ökosystem (aquatisch) + + @@ -18906,29 +36025,44 @@ Seerecht + + Seeschiffahrt + + Seeverkehr + + + Markierungsstoff + + + Tracer + + + Markt + + @@ -18938,27 +36072,34 @@ Marktwirtschaft + Marktform + Marketing + Marktforschung + Beuteltiere + Massenmedien + + @@ -18967,15 +36108,19 @@ Meeressäugetier + Massenerholung + + Stofftrennung + @@ -18988,10 +36133,15 @@ Stofftransport + + + + Werkstoff + @@ -18999,17 +36149,22 @@ Stoffbilanz + + Stoffkreislauf + Werkstoffkunde + + @@ -19017,42 +36172,65 @@ Materialprüfung + + Mathematische Analyse + Mathematische Methode + Saurer Regen + + Wassermikroorganismus + MAK-Wert + + + + + + + MIK-Wert + + + + + + + Wasserorganismen + + @@ -19063,15 +36241,20 @@ Wiese + + + Verkehrsmittel + Messung + @@ -19084,24 +36267,32 @@ Meßmethode + Messprogramm + Fleisch + + + Maschinenbau + Medizinwissenschaft + + @@ -19122,20 +36313,27 @@ Altmedikament + Heilpflanze + + Wasserpflanze + + Medizin + + @@ -19147,43 +36345,57 @@ Mittelmeerraum + Mediterraner Wald + + + Schmelzen + + Membran + + Mentaler Effekt + Quecksilber + Quecksilberverseuchung + + Wassererholungseinrichtung + Stoffwechsel + @@ -19195,32 +36407,46 @@ Pestizidmetabolismus + + Stoffwechselprodukt + + Metainformation + Metallverarbeitung + Aquädukt + + Metallisches Mineral + + + + Hüttenindustrie + + @@ -19228,29 +36454,38 @@ Metalloxid + Metallisierung + Grundwasserträger + + Metallwaren + Metallwarenindustrie + + Metall + + @@ -19261,10 +36496,12 @@ Metallverschmelzung + Metallbearbeitung + @@ -19272,6 +36509,9 @@ Wetterkatastrophe + + + @@ -19279,15 +36519,19 @@ Wettervorhersage + + Meteorologischer Parameter + Witterungserscheinung + @@ -19308,24 +36552,29 @@ Meteorologie + + Methan + Säure + Methodik + @@ -19339,54 +36588,77 @@ Ackerbau + Metropole + + + Mikrobielle Ressourcen + + Microbiologische Analyse + + Mikrobiologie + + Mikroklima + Mikroklimatische Wirkung + Mikroklimatologie + + Mikrocomputer + Modellökosystem + + Mikroelektronik + + Mikrofiltration + + + Mikroorganismen + @@ -19394,48 +36666,62 @@ Spurenstoffverunreinigung + Mikroskopie + Mikrowellen + + Wanderarbeitskräfte + + Bevölkerungsmigration + + Tierwanderung + Zugvogel + Wandernde Tierart + militärische Aspekte + Militärische Aktivitäten + + @@ -19446,34 +36732,51 @@ Militärluftfahrt + + + Militärgebiet + Milch + + Mühle + + Bergwerk + + + Grubenzuschüttung + + + + Minerallagerstätte + + @@ -19483,36 +36786,50 @@ Mineralienabbau + + + Mineralfaser + Mineralstoffindustrie + + Mineralisation + + Baumzucht + Mineralogie + + Bodenschätze + + + @@ -19520,6 +36837,10 @@ Mineral + + + + @@ -19531,20 +36852,30 @@ Mineralwasser + + + Minimalkostenplanung + Schadensminderung + Bergbaugebiet + + + + + @@ -19554,60 +36885,82 @@ Bergbautechnik + Bergbaugeologie + Bergbauindustrie + + + Bodendenkmal + + Bergrecht + + + Bergverordnung + + + Sanierung von Bergbaugebieten + + + Bergbauabfall + Ministerialerlaß + Ministerium + Archäologie + Minderheit + Mischprodukt + @@ -19623,47 +36976,62 @@ Mischbarkeit + + Archipel + Milbe + Begrenzungsmaßnahme + Landwirtschaftlicher Mischbetrieb + Mischwald + + Gemengelage + + Mischen + Wohnmobil + + + Modell + @@ -19671,30 +37039,40 @@ Modellieren + Feuchtigkeit + + Molekularbiologie + + + Mollusken + Monetäre Bewertung + Monitoring + + @@ -19716,16 +37094,23 @@ Überwachungskriterium + + Meßdaten + + + Meßgeräte + + @@ -19735,19 +37120,26 @@ Messstellennetz + Meßstelle + + + + Überwachungssystem + Meßtechnik + @@ -19764,35 +37156,50 @@ Monopol + Denkmal + + Moor + Moralische Überredung + Morphologie + + Sterblichkeit + + + Moos + Architektur + + + + @@ -19801,10 +37208,14 @@ Kraftrad + Kraftstoff + + + @@ -19817,6 +37228,9 @@ Kraftfahrzeug + + + @@ -19829,6 +37243,9 @@ Kraftfahrzeugemission + + + @@ -19836,25 +37253,38 @@ Kfz-Abgas + + + Kfz-Industrie + + + Autobahn + + + Akustischer Filter + + Berg + + @@ -19862,14 +37292,19 @@ Gebirgsökosystem + + Bergsteigen + Bergland + + @@ -19879,48 +37314,67 @@ Gebirge + + Ökosystem der Arktis + + Mahd + Schlickwatt + + Schlamm (Sediment) + Mulch + + + + Multilaterales Abkommen + Nordpolarmeer + Multinationale Unternehmen + + Mehrfachnutzung bei Bewirtschaftung von Flächen + Stadtreinigung + + @@ -19928,33 +37382,44 @@ Stadtreinigung + + + Arktis + Kommunale Umweltpolitik + + Gemeinde + Gemeinderecht + Kommunalebene + Siedlungsabfall + + @@ -19969,69 +37434,100 @@ Siedlungswasserversorgungssystem + + + Fläche + + Siedlungswasserwirtschaft + + + + Muskelsystem + + Museum + + Großpilz + Musik + + Muschelzucht + + Marder + Mutagenität + + Mutagenitätsprüfung + Mutagener Stoff + + + Mutante + Freisetzung von mutierten Mikroorganismen + + + + Mutation + @@ -20039,59 +37535,78 @@ Mykologie + + Mykorrhiza + Verdachtsfläche + + + + Nationales Umweltschutzprogramm + Volkswirtschaft + Umweltökonomische Gesamtrechnung + Kulturgut + Verstaatlichung + + Nationale Gesetzgebung + Nationalpark + + Landesplanung + Naturschutzgebiet + Naturgebiet + @@ -20100,6 +37615,8 @@ Naturkatastrophe + + @@ -20108,10 +37625,13 @@ Natürliches Dränagesystem + Natürliche Umwelt + + @@ -20121,11 +37641,16 @@ Schallisolierung + + Naturdünger + + + @@ -20134,6 +37659,8 @@ Naturfaser + + @@ -20141,10 +37668,16 @@ Naturwald + + Erdgas + + + + @@ -20152,20 +37685,30 @@ Erdgasexploration + + + Erdgasförderung + + + Naturgefahr + + Naturerbe + + @@ -20173,14 +37716,18 @@ Naturgesetz + Ökosystem eines Trockengebietes + + Naturstoffe + @@ -20197,10 +37744,13 @@ Naturdenkmal + Naturpark + + @@ -20208,20 +37758,27 @@ Natürliche Radioaktivität + Trockengebiet + Rohstoffschutz + + + + Natürliche Ressource + @@ -20235,10 +37792,12 @@ Landschaftsbild + Naturwissenschaft + @@ -20249,6 +37808,8 @@ Naturstein + + @@ -20258,28 +37819,41 @@ Eigenwert der Natur + + + Naturschutzorganisation + Naturschutz + + + Naturschutzrecht + Naturschutzprogramm + + Naturschutz + + + @@ -20287,6 +37861,8 @@ Naturschutzgebiet + + @@ -20295,65 +37871,92 @@ Übelkeit + Navigationsgefahr + + + Nekrose + Bedarf + + Stadtteilentwicklungsprogramm + + + Bewaffnung + Nematoden + Nervensystem + + Rüstungskonversion + + Direkter Ressourcenabbau + + Netting Policy + + + + Neurotoxizität + + Neutralisierung + + Militär + @@ -20361,49 +37964,69 @@ Neue Gemeinschaft + Neuanlage + + Neuartige Materialien + Neue Technologie + + Nickel + Nitrat + + + + Nitrifikation + + + + Verbindung (aromatisch) + Nitrit + Stickstoffverbindung + Stickstoff + + @@ -20412,23 +38035,34 @@ Stickstoffkreislauf + Stickstoffdioxid + + Stickstoffixierung + + + + Stickstoffmonoxid + + Stickstoffoxide + + @@ -20437,21 +38071,29 @@ Nitrosamin + aromatischer Kohlenwasserstoff + NOEL + + + + + Lärm + @@ -20461,60 +38103,83 @@ Lärmbekämpfung + + Geräuschanalyse + Lärmschutzwall + + Lärmbekämpfung + + Lärmbelästigung + + Geräuschemission + + Lärmabgabe + + Lärmarme Technik + + Geruchsstoff + + Lärmimmission + + + Lärmrecht + + Lärmpegel + @@ -20522,22 +38187,28 @@ Lärmmessung + Lärmüberwachung + Lärmbelastung + + Lärmbelästigung + + @@ -20548,6 +38219,8 @@ Lärmschutz + + @@ -20555,6 +38228,9 @@ Lärmminderung + + + @@ -20565,6 +38241,7 @@ Geräuschtyp + @@ -20577,23 +38254,32 @@ Pfandregelung + + Nomade + Nomenklatur + Biologisch nicht abbaubarer Schadstoff + + Nicht bebaute Fläche + + + @@ -20604,6 +38290,7 @@ Nicht konventionelle Energie + @@ -20616,24 +38303,30 @@ NE-Metallindustrie + + Arsen + NE-Metall + Nichtregierungsorganisation + Nichtionisierende Strahlung + @@ -20642,40 +38335,58 @@ Nichtmetallisches Mineral + + + + Nichtmetall + Umweltfreundliche Energiequelle + + Umweltfreundlicher Brennstoff + + + + Kunst + Nicht erneuerbare Energieressourcen + + Nichterneuerbare Ressourcen + + Nichtwohngebäude + + @@ -20684,41 +38395,53 @@ Einwegverpackung + + + + Nicht-Zielorganismen + Norm + Normalisierung + Nordafrika + Nordamerika + Nordatlantischer Ozean + Nordpazifik + Geräuschpegel + @@ -20729,10 +38452,14 @@ Novel Food + + Kerntechnischer Unfall + + @@ -20741,6 +38468,7 @@ Arthropoden + @@ -20748,38 +38476,56 @@ Kernenergie + + Kernenergierecht + + + Kernenergienutzung + + Kernexplosion (Unfall) + + Gliedertier + Kerntechnische Anlage + + + Kernspaltung + + Kernbrennstoff + + + @@ -20787,32 +38533,55 @@ Brennelement + + + + Kernfusion + + Kernphysik + + + Atomdebatte + + + + Kernkraftwerk + + + + Kernkraftwerksentsorgung + + + + Kernreaktion + + @@ -20822,6 +38591,10 @@ Kernreaktor + + + + @@ -20830,62 +38603,91 @@ Kernforschungszentrum + + + Nukleare Sicherheit + + + Kernwaffenversuch + + + + Kernwaffen + + + Nukleinsäure + + Belästigung + Pflanzenzuchtbetrieb + Nährmedium + + Nährstoffhaushalt + Nährstoffgehalt + + + + Nährstoffzyklus + Nährstoffelimination + + Nährstoff + Ernährung + @@ -20895,87 +38697,125 @@ Nährwert + Eiche + + Einwendung + Informationspflicht + + Kennzeichnungspflicht + + Berufskrankheit + + Berufsgruppe + Arbeitshygiene + + Betriebsgesundheitsvorsorge + + + Arbeitsmedizin + + + Arbeitssicherheit + + + Arbeitsschutzvorschrift + + + Ozean + Künstlicher See + + + Ozeanischer Strömungsprozess + + Meeresströmung + Verklappung + + + Ozeanien + Ozeanographie + + @@ -20983,88 +38823,128 @@ Meerestemperatur + + Libellen + Geruch + + + Geruchsbelästigung + Umweltkriminalität + Büro + Amtspflicht + Anhörung + Pendeln außerhalb der üblichen Bürozeiten + + Fahren außerhalb der Stoßzeiten + + Arbeiten außerhalb der üblichen Bürozeiten + + Offset Policy + + + + Offshore Abbbau + + + Offshore-Erdölbohrung + + Off-Site + + Ölbindemittel + + + + + Energie auf Ölbasis + Ölsperre + + + Ölunfall + + + @@ -21073,10 +38953,16 @@ Ölexploration + + + Erdölförderung + + + @@ -21085,15 +38971,26 @@ Öle- und Fetteindustrie + + + Ölfernleitung + + + + + Ölverschmutzung + + + @@ -21102,73 +38999,122 @@ Ölpestbekämpfung + + + + Ölauffangschiff + + + + + Ölraffinerie + + + + Erdölraffination + Ölrückstandswiederaufarbeitung + + + + + + Ölschiefer + + Ölteppich + + + Ölunfall + + + + Öltanker + + + Altablagerung + + + + + Verunreinigter Standort + + + Altanlage + + Geruchsbelastung + + Olfaktometrie + Onchozerkiasis + Künstlicher Satellit + + + @@ -21176,22 +39122,32 @@ Onkologie + + Tagebau + + + Hochseefischerei + Betriebsdaten + + Meinung + + @@ -21201,23 +39157,32 @@ Anlagenoptimierung + + + Erz + + Organ + + Organischer Kohlenstoff + + @@ -21225,20 +39190,26 @@ Organische Chemie + + Biologischer Landbau + Akustische Kenngröße + Organischer Schadstoff + + @@ -21246,15 +39217,23 @@ Asbest + + + + + Organisches Lösungsmittel + + Organische Stoffe + @@ -21272,6 +39251,7 @@ Organischer Abfall + @@ -21279,6 +39259,7 @@ Organismen + @@ -21297,11 +39278,13 @@ Organische Chlorverbindungen + Organische Halogenverbindungen + @@ -21309,6 +39292,7 @@ Metallorganische Verbindung + @@ -21316,6 +39300,7 @@ Organische Stickstoffverbindung + @@ -21325,6 +39310,7 @@ Organische Sauerstoffverbindungen + @@ -21334,54 +39320,72 @@ Organische Phosphorverbindungen + Organische Silikonverbindung + Organische Schwefelverbindung + Organische Zinnverbindung + Asbestzement + + + Ornithologie + Orographie + + Orthopteren + Osmose + + Asean + Naherholung + + Abraum + + @@ -21389,20 +39393,30 @@ Überfüllung + Raubbau + + Überdüngung + + + + + Asche + + @@ -21410,33 +39424,48 @@ Überfischung + + + Überweidung + + + + Überlandleitung + + + Übervölkerung + Zirkulation + + Überwinterung + Eigentumsrecht + @@ -21444,20 +39473,24 @@ Oxidation + Redoxreaktion + Oxid + Asien + @@ -21467,32 +39500,46 @@ Oxidationsmittel + + Sauerstoff + + Sauerstoffeintrag + + Sauerstoffgehalt + + + Sauerstoffmangel + + + Ozon + + @@ -21501,28 +39548,42 @@ Ozonabbaupotential + + + + Ozonschicht + + Abbau der Ozonschicht + + + Ozonierung + + + Verpackung + + @@ -21533,6 +39594,9 @@ Akustik + + + @@ -21540,38 +39604,51 @@ Verpackungsabfall + + Anstrichmittel + Malerbetrieb + + Lackiererei + + Paläontologie + Papier + Papierindustrie + + Kenngröße + + @@ -21627,164 +39704,239 @@ Parasit + Parazitologie + + + Parkplatz + + + Parkmöglichkeit + + + + Parlament + Assimilation + Partizipation + Partikel + Partikelabscheider + + Personenverkehr + + Weide + + + Pastenartiger Abfall + Krankheitserreger + + + Krankheitserreger + + Pathologische Wirkung + + Pathologie + + Städtisches Wachstumsschema + + + Verband + Torf + + + + Torfabbau + + + + + Fußgängerzone + + Pedosphäre + Strafe für Umweltschäden + Strafe + Pentachlorphenol + Pro-Kopf-Daten + + + Perchlorethylen + Astronautik + + Sickerwasser + + Aufwuchs + + Permafrost-Ökosystem + + Astronomie + + Permeabilität + + + BAT-Wert + + + + + + Erlaubnis + @@ -21799,24 +39951,38 @@ Peroxiacetylnitrat + + Persistenz + Pestizidpersistenz + + + + + + Eigenverantwortung + Schädling + + + + @@ -21825,6 +39991,7 @@ Schädlingsbekämpfung + @@ -21833,44 +40000,74 @@ Schädlingsbekämpfungsmittel + + + + Schädlingsbekämpfungsnorm + + + Pestizidpfad + + Pestizidrückstand + + + + + Schädlingsbefall + + + Haustier + + Petrochemische Industrie + + + + Benzin + + + Atlas + + Erdöl + + @@ -21880,24 +40077,32 @@ Erdölverbrauch + + Erdölgeologie + Erdölindustrie + + Schutz von Erdölressourcen + + Atmosphäre + @@ -21905,81 +40110,120 @@ Phanerogame + Pharmazeutische Industrie + + + Apothekenabfall + + + Pharmakokinetik + + + Pharmakologie + + Phenol + Pheromone + + Philosophie + + Phosphat + + + Phosphatelimination + + + Phosphatersatzstoff + + + Phosphor + Photochemische Mittel + + + Photochemische Wirkung + Photooxidantien + + + Photochemisches Produkt + + + Photochemische Reaktion + + @@ -21988,15 +40232,21 @@ Photochemischer Smog + + Photogrammetrie + + + Photo + @@ -22004,10 +40254,14 @@ Atmosphärenchemie + + Photosynthese + + @@ -22015,23 +40269,31 @@ Atmosphaerische Zirkulation + + Gesundheitszustand + Physische Geographie + + Physische Ozeanographie + Raumplanung + + @@ -22040,6 +40302,7 @@ Physikalischer Schadstoff + @@ -22047,6 +40310,7 @@ Physikalische Verunreinigung + @@ -22054,6 +40318,7 @@ Physikalischer Vorgang + @@ -22085,6 +40350,7 @@ Physikalische Kenngröße + @@ -22123,6 +40389,9 @@ Atmosphärisches Bestandteil + + + @@ -22132,6 +40401,8 @@ Naturwissenschaft + + @@ -22144,6 +40415,8 @@ Physikalisch-chemische Verfahren + + @@ -22168,10 +40441,15 @@ Physikalisch-chemische Reinigung + + + Physik + + @@ -22179,11 +40457,15 @@ Atmosphärische Zusammensetzung + + Physiologie + + @@ -22192,24 +40474,35 @@ Phytomasse + Phytopathologie + + + + Phytoplankton + + Vegetationskunde + + Atmosphärische Emission + + @@ -22221,40 +40514,58 @@ Phytotoxizität + + + Beizerei + + Satellitenbild + + Luftfeuchtigkeit + Lotsendienst + + + Versuchsanlage + + Pilotprojekt + + Flossenfüsser + Atmosphärische Schichtung + + @@ -22263,20 +40574,32 @@ Rohrleitung + + + + Rohr + + + + + Ebene + Plan + + @@ -22296,19 +40619,27 @@ Flächenquelle + + Plankton + + Geplante städtische Entwicklung + + + Planung + @@ -22325,10 +40656,12 @@ Atmosphärisches Modell + Planungsrecht + @@ -22336,6 +40669,9 @@ Planungsmaßnahme + + + @@ -22349,26 +40685,31 @@ Planfeststellung + Planning-Programming-Budgeting + Pflanzenzucht + Pflanzengesellschaft + Pflanzenteil + @@ -22379,6 +40720,8 @@ Pflanzenkrankheit + + @@ -22386,18 +40729,24 @@ Anlagenausrüstung + Pflanzengenetik + + Betriebsgesundheitsfürsorge + Atmosphärische Überwachung + + @@ -22405,19 +40754,26 @@ Pflanzenschutzmittel + + + Sohlengänger + Bepflanzung + Pflanzenphysiologie + + @@ -22426,14 +40782,22 @@ Pflanzenschutz + + Pflanzenschutzmittelprüfung + + + Atmosphärisches Ozon + + + @@ -22442,6 +40806,7 @@ Pflanze + @@ -22460,65 +40825,91 @@ Pflanzliche Textilfaser + Pflanzenhandel + + + + Plasmatechnik + + Plastik + Atmosphärischer Schwebstoff + Kunststoffabfall + + Platin + Spielplatz + + Atmosphärische Physik + + Plutonium + Wilderei + + Punktquelle + + Gift + + + + Vergiftung + @@ -22527,6 +40918,8 @@ Atmosphärische Verunreinigung + + @@ -22535,37 +40928,50 @@ Polares Ökosystem + + Polargebiet + + + Polder + + Polizei + Polizeirecht + Niederschlag + + + Politik + @@ -22592,9 +40998,11 @@ + Politik (allgemein) + @@ -22603,10 +41011,12 @@ Politische Leitlinie + Politische Instrumente + @@ -22626,12 +41036,15 @@ Politikvernetzung + Naturschutzpolitik + + @@ -22639,42 +41052,53 @@ Politikplanung + Politikberatung + Politische Lehrmeinung + Politische Ökologie + Politische Geographie + Politische Organisation + Politische Partei + Politische Macht + Atmosphärischer Vorgang + + + @@ -22682,11 +41106,13 @@ Pollen + Schadstoff + @@ -22708,27 +41134,34 @@ Schadstoffaufnahme + Schadstoffakkumulation + Schadstoffanalyse + + Atmosphärische Wissenschaften + + Schadstoffbewertung + @@ -22737,6 +41170,7 @@ Schadstoffverhalten + @@ -22748,10 +41182,12 @@ Schadstoffkonzentration + Schadstoffabbau + @@ -22759,22 +41195,27 @@ Schadstoffdeposition + Schadstoffausbreitung + Schadstoffverteilung + Atmosphärischer Aufbau + + @@ -22783,6 +41224,7 @@ Schadstoffelimination + @@ -22791,6 +41233,7 @@ Schadstoffemission + @@ -22804,36 +41247,51 @@ Schadstoffexposition + + + Schadstoffbildung + Schadstoffimmission + + + Schadstoffimmobilisierung + Schadstoffkonzentration + Schadstoffbelastung + Schadstoffmobilisierung + Schadstoffüberwachung + + + + @@ -22841,6 +41299,7 @@ Schadstoffverbleib + @@ -22852,26 +41311,35 @@ Schadstoffminderung + Schadstoffremobilisierung + Bestimmung der Schadstoffquelle + + Schmutzstoff + Verursacherprinzip + + + Verunreinigung + @@ -22884,6 +41352,9 @@ Bekämpfung der Verschmutzung + + + @@ -22894,6 +41365,10 @@ Umweltschutzanlage + + + + @@ -22903,6 +41378,9 @@ Emissionsminderung + + + @@ -22910,25 +41388,35 @@ Umweltschutzgerät + + + Umweltschutzvorschrift + + Umweltschutztechnik + + Verschmutzungskriterien + + Auswirkung der Verunreinigung + @@ -22937,14 +41425,24 @@ Verschmutzungsindikator + + + + Umwelthaftung + + Schadstoffbelastung + + + + @@ -22956,30 +41454,47 @@ Schadstoffmessung + + Umweltmonitoring + + + + Schadstoffnorm + + + + Umweltverschmutzungsrisiko + + Schadstoffsenke + + + Schadstoffquelle + + @@ -22989,77 +41504,98 @@ Polybrombiphenyl + Polychlorbiphenyl + Polychloriertes Dibenzo-p-Dioxin + Polychlordibenzofuran + Polychlorterphenyle + Polyzyklische aromatische Kohlenwasserstoffe + Polyzyklischer Kohlenwasserstoff + Polyäthylenterephtalat + Polymerisation + Polymer + + Polyvinylchlorid + + Weiher + + Bergeteich + Tümpel + + Bevölkerungsverteilung + Populationsdynamik + Population + @@ -23067,19 +41603,24 @@ Populationsökologie + + Bevölkerungswachstum + Bevölkerungsbewegung + Bevölkerungsstruktur + @@ -23090,52 +41631,75 @@ Bevölkerungsentwicklung + Nachbehandlung + + + Zuteilung + Pottasche + + Kali- und Steinsalzbergbau + + Geflügel + + Geflügelfarm + + Armut + + Energieversorgungsunternehmen + + + Wärme-Kraft-Beziehung + + Kraftwerk + + + @@ -23143,57 +41707,77 @@ Fällung + + + Niederschlagserhöhung + Prädator + Fertigbau + Audiovisuelle Medien + + Vorverfahren + Prämie + + Beweissicherung + Konservierungsmittel + + Konserve + Presse + + Pressen + + Druck + @@ -23201,6 +41785,7 @@ Interessengruppe + @@ -23208,6 +41793,7 @@ Actinoid + @@ -23215,6 +41801,7 @@ Gesundheitsvorsorge + @@ -23222,6 +41809,9 @@ Preis + + + @@ -23233,10 +41823,13 @@ Preispolitik über Ressourcen + + Behörde + @@ -23248,74 +41841,96 @@ Primarstufe + Primärenergieverbrauch + + Primärsektor + Ermächtigung + Primaten + Primärwald + + Vorsorgeprinzip + Nachhaltigkeitsprinzip + + Druckindustrie + Druckerei + Vorherige Zustimmung nach Inkenntnissetzung + Gefahrguttransportanmeldung + + Personenkraftwagen + + + Privathaushalt + Privatrecht + Autoökologie + @@ -23330,36 +41945,45 @@ Privater Sektor + Individualverkehr + Privatisierung + + Rüsseltiere + Procaryota + Prozessrecht + Automatischer Nachweis + Verarbeitung + @@ -23369,18 +41993,23 @@ Verfahrenstechnik + Betriebswasser + + Produzentenhaftung + Produkt + @@ -23391,54 +42020,79 @@ Produktvergleich + + + Produktbewertung + + + Produktkennzeichnung + + + Produktinformation + + Produktivität + + Produktivitätsentwicklung + Produkthaftung + Produktnorm + Gewinn (wirtschaftlich) + Automobilindustrie + + + Prognosedaten + + + + Programm + @@ -23449,31 +42103,42 @@ Ganglinie + + Verbot + Projekt + Ausbreitungsvorgang + + + + Treibstoff + + Stoffeigenschaften + @@ -23494,22 +42159,30 @@ Eigentumsschutz + Antriebstechnik + + Strafverfolgung + Wohlstand + + Schutzgebiet + + @@ -23531,126 +42204,176 @@ Geschützte Landschaft + + Geschützte Arten + + Wasserschutzgebiet + + + Nachbarschutz + + Vogelschutz + + Artenschutz + + Schutzsystem + Protein + + Protokoll + + Protozoen + Gebiet + Regionalbehörde + Psychische Wirkung + Psychologische Wirkung + Psychologischer Streß + Psychologie + + Psychosomatische Wirkung + Krankheit (psychosomatisch) + Lawine + + Öffentliches Zugangsrecht + Öffentliche Maßnahme + Badeanstalt + + + + Öffentliches Gebäude + + Staatsländereien + + + + Grenzwert für Einzelexposition der Bevölkerung + + + + + Öffentliche Finanzen + Öffentliche Finanzierung + Volksgesundheit + @@ -23660,21 +42383,27 @@ Öffentliche Anhörung + Actinium + Lawinenschutz + + Information der Öffentlichkeit + + @@ -23687,6 +42416,7 @@ Öffentliches Recht + @@ -23694,46 +42424,65 @@ Öffentliche Meinung + Demoskopie + + Volkspark + + + + Bürgerbeteiligung + Öffentlich-private-Zusammenarbeit + Öffentliche Beschaffung + + Staatsanwaltschaft + Verkehrswegebau + + + + Öffentlicher Sektor + Öffentliche Dienste + + @@ -23749,15 +42498,24 @@ Öffentlicher Verkehr + + + Öffentliches Verkehrsmittel + + Öffentliches Versorgungsunternehmen + + + + @@ -23765,6 +42523,9 @@ Öffentliche Arbeit + + + @@ -23772,31 +42533,44 @@ Lungenerkrankung + Zellstoff + Zellstoffindustrie + Pumpe + + Pumpen + + Kauf + Reinigung + + + + + @@ -23810,6 +42584,11 @@ Reinigungsanlage + + + + + @@ -23821,38 +42600,57 @@ Reinigungsanlage + + + + + + Purin + Luftfahrtrecht + + Pyrolyse + + + + Qualitätssicherung + + Avifauna + Qualitätskontrolle + + Lebensqualität + @@ -23861,24 +42659,33 @@ Steinbruch + + + Steinbrucharbeit + + Rassenbeziehungen + Radar + + Strahlung + @@ -23900,6 +42707,10 @@ Strahlenschaden + + + + @@ -23907,46 +42718,69 @@ Strahlendosis + Strahlenwirkung + + + + Strahlenexposition + + + Strahlenüberwachung + Strahlenphysik + + + Strahlenschutz + + + Strahlenschutzrecht + + Strahlenkrankheit + + Radio + + Radioaktive Verseuchung + + @@ -23954,78 +42788,109 @@ Radioaktive Entseuchung + + + Radioaktive Ablagerung + + + Radioaktive Emission + + Fallout (Radioaktivität) + + Radioaktiver Schadstoff + + Radioaktive Substanz + + Radioaktiver Tracer + + Radioaktive Tracermethode + Radioaktiver Abfall + + + Bewirtschaftung radioaktiver Abfälle + + Radioaktivität + Radionuklid + + Hintergrundwert + + Radon + Alttextilien + + Schienenfahrzeug + @@ -24033,6 +42898,7 @@ Schienenverkehr + @@ -24040,10 +42906,14 @@ Eisenbahntransport + + Eisenbahn + + @@ -24051,48 +42921,68 @@ Regen (Niederschlag) + + Regenwald + + + Hintergrundstrahlung + Rainout + + Niederschlagswasser + + Aufschüttung + Stichprobe + Raps + + Schnellbahn + + Seltene Art + + Rohstoff + + @@ -24102,36 +42992,52 @@ Rohstoffverbrauch + + Rohstoffsicherung + + Reaktionskinetik + Reaktor + + + + Reaktorsicherheit + + + Wiederaufforstung + + + Bakterien + @@ -24140,37 +43046,53 @@ Zumutbarkeit + DNS-Rekombinationstechnik + Empfehlung + Nährboden + + Stoffverzeichnis + + Landschaftsrückgewinnung + + + Wiederherstellung der natürlichen Pflanzen- und Tierwelt + + Altstandort + + + + @@ -24178,14 +43100,20 @@ Bakterizid + + Rückgewinnungsplan + Erholung + + + @@ -24197,6 +43125,11 @@ Erholungsgebiet + + + + + @@ -24205,16 +43138,25 @@ Recycelbarkeit + + + Kunststoff (recyclinggerecht) + + + Recyclingstoff + + + @@ -24222,11 +43164,16 @@ Recyclingpapier + + + Recycling + + @@ -24235,137 +43182,200 @@ Kreislaufwirtschaft + + Kreislaufwirtschafts- und Abfallgesetz + + Bakteriologie + + Recyclingpotential + + Recyclingquote + + Wiedergutmachung + Rotschlamm / Rotschlick + + Reduktion (chemisch) + + Schilf + Riff + + + Raffinerie + + + + Raffination + Reflexion + Reflexionsmessung + + + Kältemittel + + + Kälteerzeugende Industrie + + + Kühlung + + Kühlschrank + + + Refugium + Flüchtling + Müllsammelfahrzeug + + + + Brennstoff aus Müll + + + Müll-Klärschlamm-Kompost + + + Regeneration + Altanlagensanierung + + + Region + Regionale Konvention + Regionalentwicklung + Landesrecht + Regionalplan + + + Regionalplanung + @@ -24373,73 +43383,97 @@ Regionale Regelung + Regionalstatistik + + Raumstruktur + Anmeldung + Anmeldeverfahren + + Erneuerbare Rohstoffe + + + Höchstmengenverordnung + + Verordnung + Ordnungsrecht + Bilanz (Betriebswirtschaft) + Behördliche Kontrolle + Sanierung + Umsiedeln + + Wiedereinbürgerung + + Kausalzusammenhang + Freisetzung (Organismen) + + @@ -24449,24 +43483,35 @@ Religion + Bürgerinitiative + Interessenausgleich + + Fernerkundung + + + + + + Entfernung + @@ -24474,16 +43519,23 @@ Renaturierung + + + Erneuerbare Energiequelle + + Erneuerbare Ressourcen + + @@ -24491,37 +43543,52 @@ Mietwohnungen + Instandsetzungsgewerbe + + + Ersatz + Ersatzkosten + Meldeverfahren + + + + Vertretung + Wiederaufbereitung + + + Fortpflanzung + @@ -24531,10 +43598,12 @@ Fortpflanzungsmanipulation + Reptilien + @@ -24543,11 +43612,16 @@ Rettungsdienst + + + + Forschung + @@ -24562,6 +43636,9 @@ Forschungszentrum + + + @@ -24569,16 +43646,22 @@ Forschungsprojekt + Biologisches Schutzgebiet + + + Speicherbecken + + @@ -24586,12 +43669,17 @@ Wohngebiet + + + Wohngebäude + + @@ -24600,18 +43688,26 @@ Wohngebiet (mit Verkehrsberuhigung) + + + + + Restwassermenge + Restrisiko + Restabfall + @@ -24621,38 +43717,52 @@ Rückstandsanalyse + + + + + + Bankwesen + Rückstandsverwertung + Harz + Resistenz + Resolution + Resorption + + Ressource + @@ -24664,11 +43774,18 @@ Ressourcenbewertung + + + Ressourcenpflege + + + + @@ -24680,6 +43797,7 @@ Rohstoffausbeutung + @@ -24689,12 +43807,20 @@ Ressourcenvorrat + + + + Ressourcenbewirtschaftung + + + + @@ -24707,32 +43833,43 @@ Atmung + Atemluft + Atemwegserkrankung + Aufbringungsverbot + + + Atemschutzgerät + + + Atmungssystem + + @@ -24740,15 +43877,20 @@ Atemtrakt + + Zuständigkeit + Aufhebung von Schadwirkungen + + @@ -24756,113 +43898,163 @@ Dauerform + Restaurierung + Sanierungsmassnahme + + Barium + Produktionsbeschränkung + + Anwendungsbeschränkung + Einzelhandel + + Rückhaltebecken + + Nachrüstung + Auswilderung + Mehrwegverpackung + + + + + Aktivkohle + + Rohstoffwiederverwendung + + Wiederbegrünung + + + Umkehrosmose + + + + Reis + + + Antragsrecht + Eigentumsordnung + Entschädigungsrecht + Auskunftsanspruch + + + Beringung + Spülen + + + Gewässerrandstreifen + + Geländeerhebung + Meeresspiegelanstieg + + + Risiko + @@ -24877,11 +44069,14 @@ Risikoanalyse + + Risikobewertung + @@ -24904,23 +44099,32 @@ Risiko-Nutzen-Analyse + + Risikokommunikation + Risikowahrnehmung + + Risikominderung + + Fluß + + @@ -24930,29 +44134,40 @@ Entwicklung des Flussbeckens + + Flußregulierung + + Grundüberwachung + Flußverunreinigung + + Flußwasser + Straße + + + @@ -24965,29 +44180,39 @@ Straßenbau + + Straßenunterhaltung + Basen (chemisch) + Straßenverkehrssicherheit + + Streusalz + + Straßenverkehr + + @@ -25000,14 +44225,21 @@ Straßenverkehrstechnik + + Straßentransport + + Fels + + + @@ -25021,70 +44253,97 @@ Belebtschlamm + + + Grundnahrungsmittelbedarf + Steinwolle + + Nagetier + Basizität + Wurzel + Drehofen + + + Fahrweg (Streckenführung) + + Tourenplan + + + + Gummi + Gummiverarbeitung + Gummiindustrie + + + Altgummi + Basidiomyceten + Abfluß + + @@ -25093,6 +44352,8 @@ Ländlicher Raum + + @@ -25104,33 +44365,49 @@ Ländliche Umwelt + + Ländliche Bevölkerung + + Ländliche Siedlung + + + + Agrartourismus + + + + Ländliche Wasserversorgung + + Diskontinuierliches Verfahren + Sicherheit + @@ -25142,11 +44419,14 @@ Sicherheitsanalyse + + Sicherheitsmaßnahme + @@ -25170,12 +44450,16 @@ Sicherheitsvorschrift + + Sicherheitsstandard + + @@ -25183,28 +44467,40 @@ Sicherheitsstandard für Gebäude + + Sicherheitsstudie + + Salamander + Versalzung + Salmonellen + + Salzgehalt + + + + @@ -25212,19 +44508,28 @@ Salzbelastung + + + Salzsumpf + + Salzwiese + + Badegewässer + + @@ -25234,15 +44539,20 @@ Salzstock + + Salze + Salzwasser + + @@ -25250,20 +44560,27 @@ Bergung + + + Probenahme + + Probenahmemethode + Sanktion + @@ -25273,49 +44590,75 @@ Sand + + Sanddünenstabilisierung + + + + + Sanddüne + Sandabbau + + Sandgrube + + + Sanitäre Einrichtung + + + Geordnete Deponie + + Hygienisierung + Hygieneplan + + Saprobienindex + + + Batterie + + @@ -25324,41 +44667,55 @@ Saprobien + + Satellit + Ersparnis + + + Sägemehl + Batterieentsorgung + + Schistosomiasis + Schule + + Schulunterricht + Wissenschaft + @@ -25376,24 +44733,33 @@ Wissenschaftliche und technische Information + Wissenschaftliche Zusammenarbeit + + Wissenschaftspolitik + Scoping-Verfahren + + Altstoff (Abfall) + + + @@ -25403,34 +44769,47 @@ Altstoffmarkt + + Altstoffpreis + + Schrott + + + Autowrack + Bucht + + Abschirmung + + Meer + @@ -25442,39 +44821,61 @@ Meeresboden + + + Ausbeutung des Meeresgrundes + + + Meereslagerstättenabbau + + Meereskreislauf + + Strand + + Meeresspiegel + + Meeresspiegelanstieg + + + Abdichtung + + + + + @@ -25482,14 +44883,23 @@ Dichtung + + + + + Meeresauslaß + + Meeresressourcen + + @@ -25497,52 +44907,70 @@ Meeresküste + + Jahreszeit + Saisonwanderung + Meerwasser + Meerwasserentsalzung + + Meeresgewässerschutz + + Sekundärbiotop + + Sekundarstufe + Sekundärer Sektor + Strandung + Gebrauchtwaren + + + Wirtschaftssektor + @@ -25550,24 +44978,34 @@ Anlagensicherheit + + Sedimentationsbecken + + Sedimentation (industrieller Prozess) + + Sedimentation (geologisch) + + Sediment + + @@ -25578,88 +45016,124 @@ Feststofftransport + + Samen + Saatgutbeizmittel + + + Versickerung + + + Sickerwasser + + + Seismische Aktivität + Seismische Überwachung + + + Seismische Welle + + Beschlagnahme + Gewinnabschöpfung + Technologieauswahl + + Selektive Tierzucht + Selektive Pflanzenzucht + Selen + Selbsthilfeprogramm + Eigenüberwachung + + + Selbstreinigung + + + Ökosystem eines semiariden Gebietes + + Halbleiter + + @@ -25667,14 +45141,20 @@ Halbfabrikat + + Bienenschutz + + + Halbmetall + @@ -25682,30 +45162,39 @@ Empfindlicher Bereich + + Sensitivitätsanalyse + Getrennte Sammlung + Schlachtrind + + Mülltrennung (an der Abfallquelle) + Abscheider + + @@ -25713,30 +45202,38 @@ Abwassertank + + Beschlagnahme + Schlangen + Versorgungsbereich + + Biene + Dienstleistungen + @@ -25760,6 +45257,8 @@ Siedlungsverdichtung + + @@ -25772,29 +45271,45 @@ Zersiedelung + + + Sedimentationsbecken + + Kanalisationswasser + + Abwasserbeseitigung + + Rieselfeld + + + + + Klärschlamm + + @@ -25806,15 +45321,22 @@ Abwasserbehandlungssystem + + + Käfer + Kanalisation + + + @@ -25823,10 +45345,12 @@ Krustentier + Verhalten + @@ -25834,14 +45358,19 @@ Abschirmeinrichtung + + + Wechselfeldwirtschaft + Schiff + @@ -25852,14 +45381,22 @@ Schiffbau + + + Schiffsunfall + + + + Stoffverhalten + @@ -25868,27 +45405,41 @@ Schiffsabfall + + + Schiffsabfallbeseitigung + + + Schießanlage + + + + Einzelhandelsgeschäft + + + Verhaltensmuster + @@ -25899,54 +45450,76 @@ Einkaufszentrum + + + Show + + Nützling + + + Shredder + + Shreddermüll + Strauch + Rangierbahnhof + + Sick-Building-Syndrom + + + Nebenwirkung + + Nebenwirkungen von Medikamenten + + Siebung + @@ -25954,30 +45527,43 @@ Schalldämpfer + + + Silizium + + Silo + + + + Schlick + + Silber + Aktive Beteiligung + @@ -25985,6 +45571,8 @@ Simulation + + @@ -25993,51 +45581,76 @@ Sinterung + + Standortwahl + + + Bemessung + + Skifahren + Haut + + Landschaftsverschandelung + + Gewässerboden + + + Schlacke + Schlachthof + + + + Schlachtabfall + + Tierschlachten + + + @@ -26045,43 +45658,63 @@ Schlaf + + Benthisches Ökosystem + + Schlafstörung + Böschung + Schlamm + + + Schlammfaulung + + + + Schlammverbrennung + + + Schlammteich + + Schlammbehandlung + + @@ -26090,86 +45723,121 @@ Schleuse + + + Kleine und mittlere Gewerbe + + Benthos + + Kleine Inseln + Kleinfeuerungsanlage + + + Kleineinleiter + Smog + Benzol + Smogwarnung + + + + + Rauch + + Rauchvorbeugung + + Rauchen + + + + Colubridae + Schnee + + Benzpyren + Schneerutsch + Durchnässung + Seife + Sozialverhalten + @@ -26193,6 +45861,7 @@ Soziale Bedingung + @@ -26204,19 +45873,24 @@ Soziale Kosten + + Kosteninternalisierung + Soziale Entwicklung + Soziale Differenzierung + @@ -26224,6 +45898,7 @@ Soziodynamik + @@ -26234,11 +45909,14 @@ Sozialeinrichtung + + Gesellschaftsgruppe + @@ -26254,12 +45932,17 @@ Sozialindikator + Umweltschutzmaßnahmen auf dem Land + + + + @@ -26281,39 +45964,49 @@ Sozialmedizin + + + Sozialverträgliches Verhalten + Soziale Bewegung + Soziale Beteiligung + Sozialpolitik + Beryllium + Soziales Problem + Soziale Prozesse + @@ -26322,21 +46015,25 @@ Soziale Schichtung + Sozialversicherung + Sozialdienst + Gesellschaftsstruktur + @@ -26344,29 +46041,37 @@ Sozialforschung + Gesellschaftssystem + Betastrahlung + Sozialer Wert + + Sozialfürsorge + + Gesellschaft + @@ -26381,32 +46086,45 @@ Sozioökonomischer Aspekt von menschlichen Siedlungen + + + Sozioökonomischer Faktor + + Sozioökonomische Auswirkung der Biotechnologie + + + Getränkeindustrie + + Soziologische Untersuchung + Soziologie + + @@ -26414,6 +46132,7 @@ Gesellschaftspolitische Aspekte + @@ -26422,25 +46141,33 @@ Enthärtung + + + Getränk + Enthärter + + Software + Boden + @@ -26458,25 +46185,36 @@ Bodenversauerung + + + Bodenluft + Bodenuntersuchung + + + Bodenbiologie + + + Bodennutzbarkeit + @@ -26484,37 +46222,52 @@ Bodenchemie + + + Bodenverdichtung + Bodenzustand + Bodenschutz + + Bodenschutzrecht + + + Bodenschädigung + Bodendekontamination + + + Bodendegradation + @@ -26522,20 +46275,27 @@ Bodenerosion + + Bibliographie + Bodenfruchtbarkeit + + Düngung + + @@ -26543,36 +46303,51 @@ Bodenbildung + + Bodenverbesserung + + Bodenschicht + Bodenbelastung + + Bodenkarte + + Bodenmechanik + + Bodenmineralogie + + + Bodenfeuchtigkeit + @@ -26580,24 +46355,32 @@ Bodenwasserhaushalt + Bodenorganismen + + Bodenschadstoff + + Zweirad + Bodenverunreinigung + + @@ -26605,6 +46388,7 @@ Bodenprozeß + @@ -26618,6 +46402,7 @@ Bodenprofil + @@ -26625,19 +46410,27 @@ Bodengüte + + Bodenressourcen + + Bodenversalzung + + Bodenkunde + + @@ -26646,34 +46439,45 @@ Bodensetzung + Bodenverfestigung + Bodenstruktur + Bodensenkung + + + Bodenversiegelung + + + Bodentextur + Bodenart + @@ -26681,31 +46485,40 @@ Gesetze + Bodennutzung + + Bodenwasser + Solarzelle + + Solarkollektor + + Solarenergie + @@ -26713,21 +46526,30 @@ Solartechnik + + Solarheizung + + Solarkraftwerk + + + Solarstrahlung + + @@ -26735,10 +46557,12 @@ Feststoff + Fester Aggregatzustand + @@ -26746,19 +46570,24 @@ Bilaterale Konvention + Fester Abfall + Beseitigung von festen Abfallstoffen + Löslichkeit + + @@ -26766,28 +46595,47 @@ Lösungsmittel + + Lösungsmittelrückgewinnung + + + + + Singvogel + Überschallknall + + + Russ + + + Sorption + + + + + @@ -26796,6 +46644,7 @@ Schall + @@ -26805,81 +46654,107 @@ Schallemission + + Schallimmission + + Schallpegel + Schallmessung + Bilgenöl + + + Schallschutz + Schallausbreitung + Geräuschübertragung + Südamerika + Südatlantik + Südostasien + Bilgenwasser + + + südliches Afrika + Südasien + Südpazifik + Weltraum + Weltraumtransport + + Raumfahrt + + @@ -26887,39 +46762,52 @@ Weltraumabfall + + Pseudo-Krupp + Räumliche Mobilität + + Ausnahmegenehmigung + Spezialisierung (ökologisch) + Sonderrecht + Bioakkumulation + + + Sonderabfall + + @@ -26928,6 +46816,7 @@ Art (Spezies) + @@ -26941,70 +46830,104 @@ Artenschutz + + Artenschutzprogramm + + Artenverarmung + Wiedereinbürgerung von Arten + + Spektroskopie + + + + Geschwindigkeit + + + Geschwindigkeitsbeschränkung + Spinnentier + Abgestelltes Fahrzeug + + Bioakkumulativer Schadstoff + + Ausgelaufene Flüssigkeit + + + Abraumhalde + + + + Schwämme + Sport + + + + Sportanlage + + @@ -27012,55 +46935,77 @@ Sprühdose + Bioverfügbarkeit + Spritzasbest + + + Quelle + Quellwasser + Spritzen + + Quadrat + + + Barackensiedlung + + + Stabilisierungsbecken + + Stabilitaet + + + Rauchabzugsrohr + Standard + @@ -27073,25 +47018,34 @@ Standardisierung + Baunorm + + Hauptnahrungsmittel + + Stärke (Kohlenhydrat) + + + Staat + @@ -27100,26 +47054,36 @@ Stand der Technik + + Umweltzustandsdaten + + Umweltzustandsbericht + + Biochemische Methode + + Abfallbeschaffenheit + Aggregatzustand + @@ -27128,17 +47092,22 @@ Bahnhof + + + Analyse (statistisch) + Statistische Daten + @@ -27148,6 +47117,7 @@ Statistik + @@ -27159,11 +47129,18 @@ Abfallstatistik + + + + Entwicklungsstand + + + @@ -27171,82 +47148,116 @@ Verjährung + Staatsbetrieb + Gleichmäßiger Lärm + + Dampferzeuger + + Stahl + + Stahlindustrie + Sterilisation (Prozeß) + + + + Steroid + Finanzieller Anreiz + + Bestockung + Anpassungsfähige Art + Materialwirtschaft + Bestandsaufnahme + + Gestein + + + Staudamm + + Sturm + + + Sturmschaden + + + + Biochemischer Vorgang + @@ -27257,24 +47268,37 @@ Ofen + + + Schichtung + + + + Stratosphäre + + Stratosphärischer Ozonabbau + + + Biochemische Stoffe + @@ -27290,64 +47314,91 @@ Strömungsmessung + Strassenreinigung + + + + Festigkeitslehre + Stress + + + Tagebau + + Strontium + Strukturanpassungsprogramm + Struktur-Wirkung-Beziehung + + + + Körperschall + Biochemie + + Strukturplan + + + Unterwassermorphologie + Unterseeboot + Biozid + + @@ -27358,147 +47409,209 @@ Nachträgliche Anordnung + Absinken (geologisch) + + Subvention + + Untergrund + Dränung + + Substituierbarkeit + + + + HKW-Ersatz + + + + Phosphatersatz + + Substratkultur + Subtropisches Ökosystem + + Bioklimatologie + + + Vorort + + + Zucker + + Zuckerindustrie + + + Biozönose + Sulfat + Sulfid + Schwefel + Biokonzentrationsfaktor + + + Schwefelkonzentration + + + Schwefeldioxid + + Schwefelsäure + Schwefeloxid + Biologische Abbaubarkeit + + Bauaufsicht + + Anlagenüberwachung + + Überwachungsbehörde + Angebot + + Tensid + + Oberflächenabfluß + + Oberflächenspannung + Oberflächenbehandlung + Oberflächengewasser + @@ -27513,23 +47626,31 @@ Biologisch abbaubarer Schadstoff + + Chirurgischer Abfall + + Überschuß + Überwachung + Überwachung + + @@ -27538,6 +47659,8 @@ Nachhaltige Entwicklung + + @@ -27548,10 +47671,14 @@ Nachhaltigkeitsindikator + Nachhaltige Bewirtschaftung + + + @@ -27559,22 +47686,28 @@ Sumpf + Süßstoff + + Symbiose + Biologischer Abbau + + @@ -27583,6 +47716,8 @@ Synökologie + + @@ -27598,25 +47733,35 @@ Synergismus + + + + Synergetische Wirkung von Giftstoffen + + Synthetische Reinigungs-/Waschmittel + Kunstfaserindustrie + + Artenvielfalt + @@ -27627,90 +47772,123 @@ Kunststoff + Kunststoffindustrie + + Kunstfaser + Systemanalyse + Systemvergleich + + Systemtheorie + + Beweiserhebung + Tankfahrzeug + Tankschiff + + Tanklager + + Gerbstoff + + Teer + + + Zielgruppe + + Anpassungsfrist + Bioethik + + + Tarif + + + Teerherstellung + Bituminöser Sand + Teernutzung + Steuer + @@ -27719,6 +47897,7 @@ Besteuerung + @@ -27728,18 +47907,23 @@ Steuerdifferenzierung + Steuerrecht + + Taxonomie + Unterricht + @@ -27747,19 +47931,29 @@ Biogas + + + + + Lehrmethode + TRGS + + Biogeochemischer Kreislauf + + @@ -27768,6 +47962,8 @@ Technologischer Wandel + + @@ -27775,10 +47971,13 @@ Technologische Entwicklung + + Technische Gefahr + @@ -27787,11 +47986,13 @@ Technologische Prozesse + Technologie + @@ -27808,114 +48009,160 @@ Biogeochemie + Technologieakzeptanz + + Technology Assessment + + Technologietransfer + + + + Tektonik + + Telekommunikation + + Biogeographische Regionen + Telematik + Telemetrie + + Fernsehen + + Biogeographie + + + Ökosystem der gemäßigten Zone + + Temperater Forst + + Temperater Wald + + Temperatur + + Vorübergehende Unterkunft + Behelfsunterkunft + Zwischenlagerung + + + Teratogenität + Teratogenitätsprüfung + Teratogenität + + Teratogener Stoff + + + Terminologie + + Termite + Terrestrische Gebiete + @@ -27937,10 +48184,13 @@ Terrestrische biologische Ressourcen + Terrestrisches Ökosystem + + @@ -27962,27 +48212,35 @@ Aktivitaet (biologisch) + Gebietspolitik + Addition + Territorium + + Tertiärer Sektor + + Test + @@ -27995,21 +48253,26 @@ Versuchstier + + Biologische Analyse + Prüfvorschrift + Prüfverfahren + @@ -28024,59 +48287,84 @@ Testorganismus + + Eigenschaft (biologisch) + Textilindustrie + + Textilien + Thallium + Geldtheorie + Sozialstaatlichkeit + + + Therapie + Wärmeisolierung + Wärmebelastung + + + + Wärmekraftwerk + + + Meereswärmeenergie + + Thermische Behandlung + + + @@ -28084,49 +48372,74 @@ Thermalwasser + + Thermodynamik + + + Thermoselect-Verfahren + + + + Thesaurus + Biologische Entwicklung + Schwellenwert + + + + + Gezeitenenergie + + + Tidegewässer + + Gezeiten + + Holzindustrie + + @@ -28134,11 +48447,15 @@ Zeit + + + Biologische Wirkung + @@ -28149,11 +48466,14 @@ Zinn + Biologisches Gewerbe + + @@ -28161,45 +48481,65 @@ Titan + Titandioxid + Kröte + Tabak + + Tabakrauch + Biotechnik + + + Tornado + + + Schildkröte + Summenparameter + + + + Fremdenverkehr + + + @@ -28214,6 +48554,8 @@ Fremdenverkehrseinrichtung + + @@ -28228,15 +48570,24 @@ Touristengebiet + + Wirkung (toxisch) + + + + Toxizität + + + @@ -28251,34 +48602,50 @@ Toxizität von Pestiziden + Toxische Metalle + + Toxikologische Bewertung + + + + Toxikologische Untersuchung + + Toxikologie + + Toxisches Produkt + + + Toxische Substanz + + @@ -28286,36 +48653,48 @@ Giftmüll + + + + Toxin + + Spurenelement + Spurenstoff + Tracheophyten + Bioindikator + Zielverfolgungsplan + Handel + @@ -28337,54 +48716,75 @@ Handelbare Emissionsrechte + + + Handel und Verbrauch + + + Handelsbarriere + + Handel (Wirtschaft) + + Auswirkung des Handels auf die Umwelt + Handelspolitik + Gewerbe + + Handelsbeziehungen + + + Handelsbeschränkung + + Gewerkschaft + Traditionelle Kultur + @@ -28393,10 +48793,12 @@ Schulmedizin + Verkehr + @@ -28417,21 +48819,31 @@ Verkehrsunfall + + Verkehrslenkung + + + Verkehrsüberwachungsmaßnahme + + Verkehrsemission + + + @@ -28439,11 +48851,16 @@ Verkehrstechnik + + Verkehrsinfrastruktur + + + @@ -28464,25 +48881,37 @@ Verkehrsstau + Verkehrsüberwachung + + Verkehrslärm + + + Verkehrslärmschutz + + + + Verkehr zu Wasser + + @@ -28493,20 +48922,28 @@ Verkehrsweg + + + Umverpackung + + + Zug + Schulung + @@ -28514,11 +48951,19 @@ Ausbildungsstätte + + + Biomonitoring + + + + + @@ -28527,30 +48972,39 @@ Trajektorie + + Biologische Stickstoff-Fixierung + Grenzüberschreitende Schadstoffausbreitung (transnational) + + + Übergangsregelung + Übergangsregelung + Übergangselemente + @@ -28569,28 +49023,42 @@ Transpiration + Transportunternehmen + + + Rohrleitungstransport + + + + Verkehrspolitik + + + Biologische Schädlingsbekämpfung + Transport + + @@ -28608,6 +49076,9 @@ Transportsystemplanung + + + @@ -28615,17 +49086,24 @@ Biologischer Schadstoff + + Transport (physikalisch) + + + + Transportsystem + @@ -28633,32 +49111,45 @@ Einfangen + + + Reisen + + Reisekosten + + + Biologische Verunreinigung + + Vertrag + Baum + + @@ -28671,10 +49162,13 @@ Baumschule + + Biologischer Vorgang + @@ -28695,6 +49189,7 @@ Trend + @@ -28705,28 +49200,37 @@ Triazin + Rieselbewässerung + Prinzipientrias + + Biologische Produktion + Tritium + Trophiegrad + + + @@ -28735,97 +49239,145 @@ Tropisches Ökosystem + + Tropenwaldökosystem + + Tropenwald + + Tropischer Regenwald + + + Tropengebiet + + Troposphäre + + Troposphärisches Ozon + + + Additionspolymer + Fernstraße + + Tumor + Tundra + + Tunnel + + Trübung + + + Turbine + + + Zwischendeck-Tanker + + Doppelhüllenschiff + + + + Zweitaktmotor + + + Unternehmensform + + Klageart + Bewirtschaftungsform + + Taifun + + Biologische Ressourcen + + @@ -28836,64 +49388,92 @@ Reifen + Ultrafiltration + + + + Ultraschall + UV-Strahlung + + UNCED + Wilde Deponie + + + Deponiebasisabdichtung + + + + Tieflagerung + + Untergrundbahn + + Unterprivilegierte Personen + Leichenbestattung + + Unterwasserabfluß + + Arbeitslosigkeit + + Huftiere + @@ -28903,37 +49483,55 @@ Vereinte Nationen + Biologische Abgasreinigung + + Bleifreies Benzin + + + + + Reinluftgebiet + + Rohwasser + + Aufzucht + + + Oberhaus + Biologische Abfallbehandlung + + @@ -28941,11 +49539,14 @@ Uran + Städtisches Aktionsprogramm + + @@ -28953,6 +49554,7 @@ Stadtgebiet + @@ -28962,25 +49564,37 @@ Zusatzstoff + + Biologische Kampfmittel + + Stadtverfall + + Städtische Gestaltung + + + Stadtentwicklung + + + @@ -28997,14 +49611,21 @@ Stadtentwicklungsrecht + + Städtisches Ökosystem + + + Biologie + + @@ -29023,14 +49644,22 @@ Städtische Einrichtung + + Städtische Kreisläüfe (Ressourcen) + + + + Städtische Grünfläche + + @@ -29038,22 +49667,34 @@ Biolumineszenz + + Verstädterung + + Stadtlandschaft + + Stadtverwaltung + + Stadtplanung + + + + @@ -29062,6 +49703,7 @@ Biomasse + @@ -29076,6 +49718,8 @@ Stadtpolitik + + @@ -29084,23 +49728,36 @@ Städtische Umweltbelastung + + Stadtbevölkerung + + Stadterneuerung + + + Stadthygiene + + Städtische Siedlung + + + + @@ -29114,10 +49771,16 @@ Stadtbedingter Streß + + + Städtische Struktur + + + @@ -29125,10 +49788,17 @@ Urbanistik + + Stadtverkehr + + + + + @@ -29136,6 +49806,9 @@ Energie aus Biomasse + + + @@ -29145,42 +49818,62 @@ Stadtwasser + + Städtische Wasserversorgung + Ursidae + Altreifen + + Freizeitnutzung + + Benutzervorteil + Brennwertnutzung + Verwendung lokaler Ressourcen + Pestizideinsatz + + + + + + Ressourcennutzung + + + @@ -29196,96 +49889,135 @@ Biophysik + + + Unbestimmter Rechtsbegriff + Tal + + Bioreaktor + + + + Geschätzte Ökosystemkomponente + + Vanadium + Vandalismus + Ausgelöschte Arten + + Dampfdruck + + + Firnis + Biorhythmus + Vektoren von Krankheiten des Menschen + + Vegetationsdecke + + Gemüsebau + Biosicherheit + + Pflanzenökologie + + Pflanzenauswahl + Pflanzenöl + + + Pflanzenvermehrung + + Pflanzliche Ressourcen + + Biosphäre + @@ -29295,12 +50027,16 @@ Gemüse + + Pflanzlicher Abfall + + @@ -29308,6 +50044,7 @@ Vegetation + @@ -29316,11 +50053,13 @@ Vegetationstyp + Fahrzeug + @@ -29336,36 +50075,51 @@ Auspuffgase (KFZ) + + + Fahzeuginspektion + + Fahrzeugindustrie + + + Biosphärenreservat + + + Lüftung + + Ungeziefer + Vertebraten + @@ -29377,6 +50131,8 @@ Biosynthese + + @@ -29384,45 +50140,66 @@ Tiermedizin + + Viadukt + + Erschütterung + video + Dorf + + + Schlempe + + + Virologie + + + Virus + + Viskosität + + Biotechnologie + + @@ -29434,64 +50211,89 @@ Vitamin + + Weinbau + Biotischer Faktor + Vokabular + Berufsausbildung + Flüchtige organische Verbindung + + Flüchtigkeit + + + Vulkangebiet + + + + Vulkanausbruch + + Klebstoff + + Vulkanismus + Vulkan + + + Abfallaufkommen + + @@ -29500,6 +50302,8 @@ Biotop + + @@ -29508,55 +50312,76 @@ Freiwillige Dienste + Vulkanisation + Bedrohte Arten + + Wattenmeer + + + Biotopvernetzung + + + Lohnform + + Wand + Krieg + + Biotopschutz + + + Warmblüter + Alarmplan + Warnsystem + @@ -29564,21 +50389,29 @@ Überreste + + Abfall + + Abluft + + Abluftreinigung + + @@ -29586,26 +50419,36 @@ Abfalluntersuchung + + Abfallassimilationsfähigkeit + + + Abfallbilanz + + + Abfallbehälter + Abfallart + @@ -29671,18 +50514,25 @@ + Abfallabgabe + + Abfallklassifizierung + + Abfallsammlung + + @@ -29690,24 +50540,34 @@ Holsystem + + Abfallzusammensetzung + Abfallumwandlungsmethode + + Abfallentgasung + + Abfallbeseitigung + + + @@ -29725,35 +50585,56 @@ Abfallbeseitigungsgesetz + + + Entsorgungskosten + + Abfallbeseitigung in den Boden + Abfallgebühr + + Abfallablagerung + + + Lagerung von Abfall + + + Abfallbörse + + + Abfallexport + + + + @@ -29762,6 +50643,10 @@ Müllheizkraftwerk + + + + @@ -29769,14 +50654,24 @@ Müllheizwerk + + + + Müllkraftwerk + + + + Abgas + + @@ -29788,6 +50683,8 @@ Abgasemission + + @@ -29805,25 +50702,39 @@ Abgasuntersuchung + + + Abgasminderung + + + Altglas + + Abfallgips + + Abwärme + + + + @@ -29831,26 +50742,44 @@ Abwärmeabgabe + + + + + Abwärmenutzung + + + Abfalleinfuhrgenehmigung + + + Abfallverbrennungsofen + + + + + Abfallrecht + + @@ -29859,6 +50788,9 @@ Abfallwirtschaft + + + @@ -29877,44 +50809,61 @@ Abfallminimierung + + Minderungspotential + + Altöl + Altpapier + ADI-Wert + + + Abfallbeseitigungsunternehmen + + + Abfallverwertung + + Abfallwiedergewinnung + + + @@ -29925,37 +50874,53 @@ Abfallrecycling + + Abfallminderung + + Entsorgungswirtschaft + + + + Abfallsortierung + Abfallagerung + + + Abfalltransport + + + Vogel + @@ -29967,6 +50932,8 @@ Abfallbehandlung + + @@ -29988,11 +50955,17 @@ Abfallbehandlungsanlage + + + + Abfallverwertung + + @@ -30001,10 +50974,13 @@ Abfallvolumen + Abwasser + + @@ -30020,22 +50996,33 @@ + Abwasserabgabe + + + Abwassereinleitung + + Vogelschutzgebiet + + + Abwasserentsorgung + + @@ -30045,39 +51032,54 @@ Gewerbliches Abwasser + Abwasserrecht + + Abwasserlast + + Abwasserreinigung + + Abwasserbeschaffenheit + + + Abwasserminderung + Raubvogel + Abwasserschlamm + + + @@ -30085,10 +51087,17 @@ Abwasserstatistik + + + + + Abwasserbehandlung + + @@ -30113,6 +51122,9 @@ Abwasserbehandlungsanlage + + + @@ -30121,39 +51133,53 @@ Wasseruntersuchung + + Wasserhaushalt + Vogelart + Wasserkörper + + Gewässersohle + + Wassergewinnung + Gewässerschutz + + Wasserverbrauch + + + @@ -30161,6 +51187,8 @@ Wasserlauf + + @@ -30171,11 +51199,18 @@ Wasserbedarf + + + + Wasserverteilungssystem + + + @@ -30187,6 +51222,8 @@ Wassergefährdung + + @@ -30194,69 +51231,97 @@ Wassererosion + Wasserentnahme + + + Geburtenregelung + Wasserfall + + Daphnien + Wasserfluß + + Landwirtschaftliches Brauchwasser + + Gebrauchswasser + + + Brauchwasser (Industrie) + + Wasservogel + Wasserhärte + + Wasserhyazinthe + Wasserstand + + Vernäßter Boden + + + Wasserwirtschaft + + @@ -30270,6 +51335,10 @@ Wasserüberwachung + + + + @@ -30278,10 +51347,15 @@ Wasserschadstoff + + + Wasserverunreinigung + + @@ -30295,10 +51369,15 @@ Gewässerschutz + + + Wasserschutz + + @@ -30307,33 +51386,47 @@ Gewässerschutzrichtlinie + + Gewässerschutzrecht + + Wasserpumpe + Bitumen + + Wasserreinigung + + Wasserreinigungsanlage + + + Wassergüte + + @@ -30351,54 +51444,81 @@ Gewässergüterichtlinie + + Wassergütewirtschaft + + Wassermengenwirtschaft + + Wasserbehörde + + Wasserressourcen + + Schutz der Wasserressourcen + + + Wasserwirtschaftliche Planung + + + Wasserwiederverwendung + + + Wasserversalzung + + Wassereinsparung + + + + Hydrologie + + @@ -30406,6 +51526,8 @@ Gewässer + + @@ -30421,14 +51543,21 @@ Bewirtschaftung von Wassereinzugsgebieten + + + Wasserscheide + + Uferentwicklung + + @@ -30438,10 +51567,16 @@ Wasserstatistik + + + + Wasser + + @@ -30456,6 +51591,8 @@ Wasserversorgung + + @@ -30467,6 +51604,8 @@ Wassertransport + + @@ -30475,6 +51614,8 @@ Wasseraufbereitung + + @@ -30488,10 +51629,15 @@ Wassernutzung + + + Wasserstraße + + @@ -30501,15 +51647,23 @@ Wasserbrunnen + + Wasserwerk + + + + Wellenenergie + + @@ -30517,15 +51671,19 @@ Steinkohle + + Welle + Waffe + @@ -30534,6 +51692,7 @@ Wetter + @@ -30541,62 +51700,81 @@ Witterung + Wetterveränderung + + Wetterbeobachtung + + Wettervorhersage + + Unkraut + + Unkrautbekämpfung + Gewicht + + Schweissen + Brunnen + + Westafrika + Westasien + Westeuropa + Feuchtgebiet + @@ -30609,44 +51787,60 @@ Feuchtgebietökosystem + + Naßverfahren + + + Hochofen + Naßabscheider + + Naßmüll + Wal + + Walfang + Großhandel + + Wildtier + Natürliche Pflanzen- und Tierwelt + @@ -30656,93 +51850,132 @@ Erhaltung der natürlichen Pflanzen- und Tierwelt + + Habitat wildlebender Tiere und Pflanzen + Statistik des Wildbestandes + + Bleichmittel + + Wildreservat + + + Verwilderung + Wildpflanze + Zahlungsbereitschaft + Zahlungsbereitschaftsanalyse + Wind + + + Bleicherde + Winderosion + Windmühle + + + Windenergie + Windenergieanlage + + + Bleichverfahren + + + + Frau + + Status der Frau + Holz + + + Wald + + + @@ -30753,22 +51986,30 @@ Blut + + Auslichtung + Waldökosystem + + Holzschutz + + Holzprodukt + @@ -30777,15 +52018,22 @@ Holzabfall + + Wolle + Arbeitsunfall + + + + @@ -30793,10 +52041,14 @@ Restloch + + Arbeitsbedingung + + @@ -30807,22 +52059,29 @@ Arbeitszeit + + Bodenbearbeitung + + Arbeitsplatz + + Welt + @@ -30841,60 +52100,81 @@ Welterbe + + Abschreibung + Blaualgen + Vergehen + Unerlaubter Regierungsakt + Xenobiotische Stoffe + + + Röntgenstrahlung + Hefe + Ertrag (ökonomisch) + Kleinkind + + Jugend + + Jugendarbeit + + Zink + Zoneneinteilung + + @@ -30902,15 +52182,22 @@ Zoologischer Garten + + + + Zoologie + + Zoonose + @@ -30919,16 +52206,23 @@ Bootsfahrt + + + Biochemischer Sauerstoffbedarf + + + Verwaltung + @@ -30938,18 +52232,24 @@ Kessel + Siedepunkt + + Buch + + Buchhaltung + @@ -30960,6 +52260,7 @@ Grenze + @@ -30971,16 +52272,21 @@ Bor + Botanischer Garten + + + Botanik + @@ -30990,33 +52296,43 @@ Grenzüberschreitung + Grenzschicht + + Bovidae + Brackwasser + Bradyseismus + Muttermilch + + Züchtung + + @@ -31029,14 +52345,18 @@ Brutvogel + Brauerei + Ziegelstein + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/thesauri/gemet-en.rdf b/thesauri/gemet-en.rdf index 692e10b..3acf35b 100644 --- a/thesauri/gemet-en.rdf +++ b/thesauri/gemet-en.rdf @@ -8,138 +8,10693 @@ xmlns:dcterms="http://purl.org/dc/terms/"> GEMET - GEMET thesaurus for GeoNetwork opensource. - + GEMET version 4.1.2 thesaurus for GeoNetwork opensource. 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dynamics + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + economics + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + administrative body Any governmental agency or organization charged with managing and implementing regulations, laws and government policies. + accounting Method of recording all the transactions affecting the financial condition of a business or organization. + @@ -148,6 +10703,7 @@ animal life + @@ -155,16 +10711,21 @@ consumer product Economic good that directly satisfies human wants or desires. + + bridge A structure that spans and provides a passage over a road, railway, river, or some other obstacle. + + environmental administration institution A central government organization that has authority or oversight over government activity relating to the preservation and safeguarding of ecological or natural resources. + @@ -172,17 +10733,23 @@ health effect of noise Noise consequences on human health consist in loss of hearing and psychological effects. + + human body The entire physical structure of an human being. + + human science Group of sciences including sociology, anthropology, psychology, pedagogy, etc. as opposed to the humanistic group. + + @@ -195,11 +10762,13 @@ information transfer The communication or conveyance of data or materials for the purpose of enhancing knowledge from one person, place or position to another. + juridical act Acts relating to the administration of justice. + @@ -208,11 +10777,15 @@ meteorological research Study of meteorological elements such as wind speed and direction, air temperature and humidity, atmospheric pressure, precipitation, evaporation, solar radiation, visibility and cloud cover in order to collect data for weather forecast or for specific research purposes. + + natural areas protection Active management of nature areas in order to ensure that wildlife is protected and the quality of its environment is maintained. + + @@ -226,22 +10799,30 @@ natural risks prevention Precautionary measures, actions or installations implemented to avert the probability of harm to humans, property or natural resources posed by conditions or events in the environment neither initiated nor formed by human activity. + + physical chemistry A science dealing with the effects of physical phenomena on chemical properties. + + physical measurement of pollution The quantitative determination of the presence, extent or type of pollutant substances in the environment using mechanical means, including optical, electrical, acoustical and thermodynamic techniques. + + + plant life + @@ -249,6 +10830,7 @@ plant production + @@ -257,6 +10839,7 @@ pollution type + @@ -281,6 +10864,9 @@ pollution prevention Eliminating the production of hazardous wastes and greenhouse gases at their source, within the production process. This can often be achieved through a variety of relatively simple strategies, including minor changes in manufacturing processes, substitution of non-polluting products for polluting products, and simplification of packaging. Companies practicing waste reduction have saved hundreds of millions of dollars, and used it to catalyze employee involvement and eliminate the need for expensive end-of-the-pipe filtering. + + + @@ -288,6 +10874,7 @@ risk management The process of evaluating and selecting alternative regulatory and non-regulatory responses to prepare for the probability of an accidental occurrence and its expected magnitude of damage, including the consideration of legal, economic and behavioral factors. + @@ -295,6 +10882,7 @@ safety system A unified, coordinated assemblage or plan of procedures and devices intended to lower the occurrence or risk of injury, loss and danger to persons, property or the environment. + @@ -303,11 +10891,16 @@ seismic engineering The study of the behavior of foundations and structures relative to seismic ground motion, and the attempt to mitigate the effect of earthquakes on structures. + + + social science The study of society and of the relationship of individual members within society, including economics, history, political science, psychology, anthropology, and sociology. + + @@ -317,12 +10910,16 @@ surface water management The administration or handling of water naturally open to the atmosphere (rivers, lakes, reservoirs, ponds, streams, seas, etc.). + + wildlife protection Precautionary actions, procedures or installations undertaken to prevent or reduce harm to animals, plants and other organisms living in their natural state. + + @@ -334,32 +10931,42 @@ historic centre That part of a town or city in which the principal public and historic buildings are located. + + promotion of trade and industry Any activity that encourages or supports the buying, selling or exchanging of goods or services with other countries, which could include marketing, diplomatic pressure or the provision of export incentives such as credits and guarantees, government subsidies, training and consultation or advice. + + masonry A construction of stone or similar materials such as concrete or brick. + + bromine A pungent dark red volatile liquid element of the halogen series that occurs in brine and is used in the production of chemicals. + sand flat A sandy tidal flat barren of vegetation. A tidal flat is an extensive, nearly horizontal, marshy or barren tract of land that is alternately covered and uncovered by the tide, and consisting of unconsolidated sediment (mostly mud and sand). It may form the top surface of a deltaic deposit. + + animal species Species belonging to the animal kingdom. + @@ -368,11 +10975,13 @@ plant species Species belonging to the plant kingdom. + occupation + @@ -380,11 +10989,13 @@ folk tradition The common beliefs, practices, customs and other cultural elements of an ethnic or social group that are rooted in the past, but are persisting into the present due to means such as arts and crafts, songs and music, dance, foods, drama, storytelling and certain forms of oral communication. + law branch A subdivision of the body of principles and regulations established by a government or other authority, generally defined by its scope or application. + @@ -402,6 +11013,7 @@ judicial system Entire network of courts in a particular jurisdiction. + @@ -431,10 +11043,15 @@ chemical measurement of pollution The quantitative determination of the presence, extent or type of pollutant substances in the environment by studying the actions or reactions of known chemicals to those pollutants. + + + measuring instrument + + @@ -442,21 +11059,30 @@ pollutant evolution The process of cumulative reactive change following the introduction of a pollutant into the environment. + urban noise Noise emitted from various sources in an urban environment. + + + + cleanliness (hygiene) The state of being clean and keeping healthy conditions. + + industrial environment (in general) Environment where the manifold activities connected with the production of goods and services take place. + + @@ -464,22 +11090,29 @@ natural risk Probability of harm to human health, property or the environment posed by any aspect of the physical world other than human activity. + natural risk analysis Analysis of the probability of occurrence, within a specific period of time in a given area, of a potentially damaging phenomenon of nature. + + + major risk The high probability that a given hazard or situation will yield a significant amount of lives lost, persons injured, damage to property , disruption of economic activity or harm to the environment; or any product of the probability of occurrence and the expected magnitude of damage beyond a maximum acceptable level. + rescue system Any series of procedures and devices used by trained personnel to provide immediate assistance to persons who are in danger or injured. + + @@ -488,21 +11121,28 @@ crisis management The technique, practice or science of handling or controlling situations of acute difficulty, danger or instability; or the total of measures taken to provide a solution for political, economic, environmental or other similar dangers and conflicts. + tax system A co-ordinated body of methods or plan of procedures for levying compulsory charges for the purpose of raising revenue. + concept of environment The development at any level of a general notion of the surrounding ecosystem, its foundational relationship to human life and the need to preserve its integrity. + + forest ecology The science that deals with the relationship of forest trees to their environment, to one another, and to other plants and to animals in the forest. + + + @@ -510,6 +11150,8 @@ scientific ecology The study of the interrelationship among living organisms and between organisms and their environment, utilizing the methods or theories of science. + + @@ -530,32 +11172,44 @@ urban ecology Concept derived from biology: the city is viewed as a total environment, as a life-supporting system for the large number of people concentrated there, and within this people organize themselves and adapt to a constantly changing environment. Regarded as the same as human ecology. + + + ecozone A broad geographic area in which there are distinctive climate patterns, ocean conditions, types of landscapes and species of plants and animals. + + + environmental engineering Branch of engineering concerned with the environment and its proper management. The major environmental engineering disciplines regard water supply, wastewater, stormwater, solid waste, hazardous waste, noise radiology, industrial hygiene, oceanography and the like. + palaeoecology The application of ecological concepts to fossil and sedimentary evidence to study the interactions of Earth surface, atmosphere, and biosphere in former times. + + biological heritage The inheritance and preservation of the earth's or a particular region's balanced, integrated functionality as a natural habitat, with special concern for the water resources necessary to maintain the ecosystem. + + brooding To incubate eggs or cover the young for warmth. + @@ -563,111 +11217,151 @@ 1) In general, a term used to describe a topographic eminence. 2) A specific altitude or height above a given level. 3) In surveying, the term refers to the angle between the horizontal and a point at a higher level. + + + + cove 1) A deep recess hollow, or nook in a cliff or steep mountainside, or a small, straight valley extending into a mountain or down a mountainside. 2) A valley or portion of lowland that penetrates into a plateau or mountain front. + canyon A long deep, relatively narrow steep-sided valley confined between lofty and precipitous walls in a plateau or mountainous area, often with a stream at the bottom; similar to, but largest than, a gorge. It is characteristic of an arid or semiarid area (such as western U.S.) where stream downcutting greatly exceeds weathering. + + headland (geography) A cape or promontory jutting seawards from a coastline, usually with a significant sea cliff. + geographic circque A deep steep-walled half-bowl-like recess or hollow, variously described as horseshoe- or crescent-shaped or semi-circular in plan, situated high on the side of a mountain and commonly at the head of a glacial valley and produced by the erosive activity of a mountain glacier. It often contains a small round lake, and it may or may not be occupied by ice or snow. + continent A protuberance of the earth's crustal shell, with an area of several million square miles and sufficient elevation so that much of it above sea level. + barrier beach An elongated sand or shingle bank which lies parallel to the coastline and is not submerged by the tide. If it is high enough to permit dune growth it is termed a barrier island. + + brook A small stream or rivulet, commonly swiftly flowing in rugged terrain, of lesser length and volume than a creek; especially a stream that issues directly from the ground, as from a spring or seep, or that is produced by heavy rainfall or melting snow. + + creek A narrow inlet or bay, especially of the sea. + + fault A fracture or a zone of fractures along which there has been displacement of the sides relative to one another parallel to the fracture. + + cliff A steep coastal declivity which may or may not be precipitous, the slope angle being dependent partly on the jointing, bedding and hardness of the materials from which the cliff has been formed, and partly on the erosional processes at work. Where wave attack is dominant the cliff-foot will be rapidly eroded and cliff retreat will take place, especially in unconsolidated materials such as clays, sands, etc., frequently leaving behind an abrasion platform at the foot of the cliff. + + open sea The high seas lying outside the exclusive economic zones of states. All states have equal rights to navigate, to overfly, to lay submarine cables, to construct artificial islands, to fish, and to conduct scientific research within the high seas. + coral reef lagoon A coastal stretch of shallow saltwater virtually cut off from the open sea by a coral reef. + + river bed The channel containing or formerly containing the water of a river. + + + physical environment The material surroundings of a system, process or organism. + alluvial plain A level or gently sloping tract or a slightly undulating land surface produced by extensive deposition of alluvium, usually adjacent to a river that periodically overflows its banks; it may be situated on a flood plain, a delta, or an alluvial fan. + + + barrier reef An elongated accumulation of coral lying at low-tide level parallel to the coast but separated from it by a wide and deep lagoon or strait. The coral is thought to have formed initially on a flat surface: then as the sea-level rose in post-glacial times, thereby submerging the irregular wave-cut platform, the coral growth kept pace with the rising ocean level, so creating the great thickness witnessed today in such places as the Great Barrier Reef off the East coast of Queensland, Australia. This stretches for more than 1900 km and varies in width from about 30 km to 150 km. + + relief (land) The physical shape, configuration or general unevenness of a part of the Earth's surface, considered with reference to variation of height and slope or to irregularities of the land surface; the elevation or difference in elevation, considered collectively, of a land surface. + biotope order An ordinance or decree regarding an area of ecological habitat that is characterized by a high degree of uniformity in its environmental conditions and in its distribution of plants and animals. + + + + sensitive natural area Terrestrial or aquatic area or other fragile natural setting with unique or highly-valued environmental features. + + environmental analysis + @@ -677,32 +11371,43 @@ abiotic environment The non-living components of the environment (rocks, minerals, soil, water and climate). + aquatic environment Waters, including wetlands, that serve as habitat for interrelated and interacting communities and populations of plants and animals. + + sensitive environment Any parcel of land, large or small, under public or private control, that already has, or with remedial action could achieve, desirable environmental attributes. These attributes contribute to the retention and/or creation of wildlife habitat, soils stability, water retention or recharge, vegetative cover, and similar vital ecological functions. Environmentally sensitive areas range in size from small patches to extensive landscape features. They can include rare or common habitats, plants and animals. + + terrestrial environment The continental as distinct from the marine and atmospheric environments. It is the environment in which terrestrial organisms live. + + marine park A permanent reservation on the seabed for the conservation of species. + + brushwood Woody vegetation including shrubs and scrub trees of non-commercial height and form, often seen in the initial stages of succession following a disturbance. Brush often grows in very dense thickets that are impenetrable to wild animals and serve to suppress the growth of more desirable crop trees. However, brush can also serve an important function as desirable habitat for a range or bird, animal, and invertebrate species, and often provides a good source of browse and cover for larger wildlife. It adds structural diversity within the forest and is important in riparian zones. It is also termed scrub. + + @@ -710,11 +11415,15 @@ regional natural park A park operated and managed by a region. + + reserve Any area of land or water that has been set aside for a special purpose, often to prevent or reduce harm to its wildlife and ecosystems. + + @@ -726,26 +11435,37 @@ state biological reserve An area of land and/or of water designated as having protected status for purposes of preserving certain biological features. Reserves are managed primarily to safeguard these features and provide opportunities for research into the problems underlying the management of natural sites and of vegetation and animal populations. Regulations are normally imposed controlling public access and disturbance. + + + forest biological reserve Forest areas which are protected and guarded from deforestation because of the fragility of its ecosystems, and because they provide habitats for hundreds of species of plants and animals. + + + voluntary natural reserve Area of national interest which is protected under the responsibility of its owner in order to safeguard wildlife, archeological and geological sites. + + central park area The core area of a park or of a reserve where there can be no interference with the natural ecosystem. + protected marine zone Sea area where marine wildlife is protected. + + @@ -754,44 +11474,63 @@ peripheral park area A zone of the park where scientific research is allowed. Beyond this there is a buffer zone which protects the whole reserve from agricultural, industrial and urban development. + alignment The selection and detailed layout of public transport routes in the light of construction, operation, service, technology, and economic criteria. + + + bocage The wooded countryside characteristic of northern France, with small irregular-shaped fields and many hedges and copses. In the French language the word bocage refers both to the hedge itself and to a landscape consisting of hedges. Bocage landscapes usually have a slightly rolling landform, and are found mainly in maritime climates. Being a small-scale, enclosed landscape, the bocage offers much variations in biotopes, with habitats for birds, small mammals, amphibians, reptiles and butterflies. + French formal garden + + + English garden A plot of ground consisting of an orderly and balanced arrangement of masses of flowers, shrubs and trees, following British traditions or style. + + + terraced garden + + + bryophyte Any plant of the division Bryophyta, having stems and leaves but lacking true vascular tissue and roots and reproducing by spores: includes the mosses and liverworts. + terraced landscape Landscape resulting from the method of cultivating land by cutting terraces or benches into slopes to create areas of flat land. The practice is common in mountainous areas where land is scarce and rainfall uncertain. + + mountain protection + + @@ -799,11 +11538,16 @@ site protection Precautionary actions, procedures or installations undertaken to prevent or reduce harm to the environmental integrity of a physical area or location. + + coast protection A form of environmental management designed to allay the progressive degradation of the land by coastal erosion processes. Sea defence works can be undertaken to protect the land from erosion and encroachment by the sea and against flooding. These involve engineering solutions such as groynes, sea walls, bulkheads, revetments and breakwaters. + + + @@ -811,70 +11555,92 @@ bubble policy (emissions trading) EPA policy that allows a plant complex with several facilities to decrease pollution from some facilities while increasing it from others, so long as total results are equal to or better than previous limits. Facilities where this is done are treated as if they exist in a bubble in which total emissions are averaged out. + + + site rehabilitation The restoration of the ecological quality of an area or location. + + classified site Site which is declared protected because of its natural, landscape, artistic or archeological features in order to guarantee its conservation, maintenance and restoration. + + registered site Area which is officially registered because of its unique features; a description is provided concerning its location, size, latitude, longitude, orientation, elevation, boundaries, wildlife, hydrological and soil characteristics, etc. + + budget A balance sheet or statement of estimated receipts and expenditures. A plan for the coordination of resource and expenditures. The amount of money that is available for, required for, or assigned to a particular purpose. + urban ecology charter A graphic representation of a city area or other densely populated region, portraying the location of groups or select types of people in their environment through various geographic techniques. + + + environmental citizenship The state, character or behavior of a person viewed as a member of the ecosystem with attendant rights and responsibilities, especially the responsibility to maintain ecological integrity and the right to exist in a healthy environment. + integrated management Unified, combined and coordinated management of environmental problems which correlates relevant organisations, groups, individuals and disciplines by bringing the parts together for a complete approach. + + sponsorship A person, firm, organization, etc. that provides or pledges money for an undertaking or event. + municipal environment plan A formulated or systematic method for the management of a city or town's natural or ecological resources. + + public awareness campaign An organized, systematic effort through various communications media to alert the general population of a given area to anything of significant interest or concern. + bug Any of the suborder Heteroctera, having piercing and sucking mouthparts, specialized as a beak. + building Something built with a roof and walls, such as a house or factory. + @@ -891,6 +11657,7 @@ administrative competence The skill, knowledge, qualification, capacity or authority to manage or direct the affairs of a public or private office, business or organization. + @@ -904,17 +11671,24 @@ migratory fish Fishes that migrate in a body, often between breeding places and winter feeding grounds. + + building area Land and other places on, under, in or through which the temporary and permanent works are to be executed and any other lands or places needed for the purposes of construction. + + + + building component A building element which uses industrial products that are manufactured as independent until capable of being joined with other elements. + @@ -925,17 +11699,25 @@ felid Predatory mammal, including cats, lions, leopards, tigers, jaguars, and cheetahs, typically having a round head and retractile claws. + building industry The art and technique of building houses. + + + building land Area of land suitable for building on. + + + + @@ -944,6 +11726,8 @@ building material Any material used in construction, such as steel, concrete, brick, masonry, glass, wood, etc. + + @@ -965,12 +11749,17 @@ marine mammal Mammals which have adapted to live in the sea, such as whales, dolphins, porpoises, etc. + + building materials industry + + + @@ -978,11 +11767,15 @@ ovine Horned ruminant mammals raised in many breeds for wool, edible flesh, or skin. + building planning The activity of designing, organizing or preparing for future construction or reconstruction of edifices and facilities. + + + @@ -990,32 +11783,47 @@ building regulation + + shelter Cover or protection, as from weather or danger; place of refuge. + + + nesting area A place where birds gather to lay eggs. + + administrative fiat An authoritative decree, sanction or order issued from an office with executive or managerial authority, without necessarily having the force of law or its equivalent. + animal corridor Line corridors (roads, paths, and hedgerows) which lack interior habitat but may serve as movement groups for organisms. Corridors may also provide an efficient migratory pathway for animals. The presence or absence of breaks in a corridor may be a very important factor in determining the effectiveness of its conduit and barrier functions. + + + + animal damage Harm caused to the environment by animals as, for instance, in the case of overgrazing, trampling, etc. Overgrazing damage is reduced by properly located watering facilities to decrease daily travel by livestock. Rotation of grazing areas allows time for recovery of grass. Some land can be easily restored if grazing is allowed only during one season. Animals may cause damage to crops when agriculture land borders on virgin territory or game reserves. In addition wild animals may bring disease in valuable domestic herds. Cattle overstocking has caused serious degradation of habitat, and cattle raising is thus, to some extent, counterproductive. + + + @@ -1023,74 +11831,101 @@ animal displacement The habit of many animal species of moving inside their habitats or of travelling, during migrations, to different biotopes, often considerable distances apart; in aquatic environments displacements can occur horizontally or vertically while in terrestrial environments animal populations that breed in the alpine or subalpine zones in summer, move to lower levels in winter; animal displacements usually follow circadian rhythms and are related to the necessity of finding breeding, resting and feeding areas. + + + building site A piece of land on which a house or other building is being built. + + + + spawning ground Area of water where fish come each year to produce their eggs. + + + animal habitat The locality in which an animal naturally grows or lives. It can be either the geographical area over which it extends, or the particular station in which an animal is found. + + nesting The building of nests for egg laying and rearing of offspring. + animal population A group of animals inhabiting a given area. + building site preparation + animal reproduction Any of various processes, either sexual or asexual, by which an animal produces one or more individuals similar to itself. + + survival The act or fact of surviving or condition of having survived. + endemic species Species native to, and restricted to, a particular geographical region. + broad-leaved tree Deciduous tree which has wide leaves, as opposed to the needles on conifers. + + sea grass bed Seaweeds communities formed by green, brown and red macroscopic algae and by sea phanerogams such as Posidonia oceanica and Zostera noltii, etc. + + + macrophyte A large macroscopic plant, used especially of aquatic forms such as kelp (variety of large brown seaweed which is a source of iodine and potash). + building technology + + @@ -1098,6 +11933,8 @@ building waste Masonry and rubble wastes arising from the demolition or reconstruction of buildings or other civil engineering structures. + + @@ -1107,37 +11944,50 @@ riverside vegetation Plants growing in areas adjacent to rivers and streams. + + chestnut Any north temperate fagaceous tree of the genus Castanea, such as Castanea sativa, which produce flowers in long catkins and nuts in a prickly bur. + built drainage system Collection of open and/or closed drains, together with structures and pumps used to collect and dispose of excess surface or subsurface water. + + + graminaceous plant A very large family of plants including cereals such as wheat, maize, etc. + + posidonia Plant with elongated, planar, green leaves which measure up to 1,5 m. The flowers come out in the autumn but not every year. The fruits are dark balls, which one often finds washed up on beaches after storms. The same happens with the leaves which wilt and separate from the plant at the end of summer. It grows on sandy substrates, and has a rhizome from which several plants grow. The compact form of its growths retains the sediments pulled by the currents along the sea bed. Neptunegrass forms extensive prairies, always on the continental shelf. The plant's presence, apart from constituting an excellent refuge and food reserve for many species, gives an indication of the maturity and good condition of the whole marine ecosystem. + vegetation level A subdivision of vegetation characteristic of a certain altitude above sea level at a given latitude. + + built environment That part of the physical surroundings which are people-made or people-organized, such as buildings and other major structures, roads, bridges and the like, down to lesser objects such as traffic lights, telephone and pillar boxes. + + @@ -1145,11 +11995,13 @@ plant population The number of plants in an area. + built structure Any structure made of stone, bricks, wood, concrete, or steel, built with a roof and walls, such as a house or factory. + @@ -1159,21 +12011,27 @@ arboretum Collection of trees from different parts of the world, grown for scientific study. + + + chorology The study of the causal relations between geographical phenomena occurring within a particular region. + variety collection Assemblage of cultivated plants that are distinguished by any characteristics (morphology, physiology, etc.) significant for purposes of horticulture, agriculture or forestry. + built-up area Area which is full of houses, shops, offices and other buildings, with very little open space. + @@ -1184,16 +12042,22 @@ animal conservatory Areas for the conservation of rare or endangered animal species. + + botanical conservatory Gardens for the conservation of rare species of plants. + + introduction of animal species Animals which have been translocated by human agency into lands or waters where they have not lived previously, at least during historic times. Such translocation of species always involves an element of risk if not of serious danger. Newly arrived species, depending on their interspecific relationships and characteristics, may act as or carry parasites or diseases, prey upon native organisms, display toxic reactions, or be highly competitive with or otherwise adversely affect native species and communities. + + @@ -1201,42 +12065,58 @@ introduction of plant species Plants which have been translocated by human agency into lands or waters where they have not lived previously, at least during historic times. Such translocation of species always involves an element of risk if not of serious danger. Newly arrived species may be highly competitive with or otherwise adversely affect native species and communities. Some may become a nuisance through sheer overabundance. They may become liable to rapid genetic changes in their new environment. Many harmful introductions have been made by persons unqualified to anticipate the often complex ecological interaction which may ensue. On the other hand many plants introduced into modified or degraded environments may be more useful than native species in controlling erosion or in performing other positive functions. + + animal heritage The sum of the earth's or a particular region's non-human, non-vegetable, multicellular organisms viewed as the inheritance of the present generation, especially animal species deemed worthy of preservation and protection from extinction. + + plant heritage The sum of the earth's or a particular region's herb, vegetable, shrub and tree life viewed as the inheritance of the present generation, especially plant species deemed worthy of preservation and protection from extinction. + + bulb cultivation The cultivation of flower bulb is divided into two sectors: for forcing (flower bulbs used by professional growers for the production of cut flowers and potted plants) and for dry sales (flower bulbs for garden planting, flower pots, landscaping and parks). + protection of animals + + animal species reintroduction Attempts made to prevent the extinction of threatened species and populations by reintroducing them in their natural habitat. The reintroduction of species in a region requires a preliminary study to establish the reasons of their disappearance and the modifications that might have occurred in the biotopes. + + + plant species reintroduction Reintroducing wild plant species to their natural habitat. The reintroduction of species in a region requires a preliminary study to establish the reasons of their disappearance and the modifications that might have occurred in the biotopes. + + + local afforestation The planting of trees in an area, or the management of an area to allow trees to regenerate or colonize naturally, in order to produce a forest. + @@ -1244,16 +12124,20 @@ windfall 1) Falling of old trees in a forest caused by a storm or strong wind. It plays an important role in the spontaneous regeneration of forest ecosystems. 2) A plot of land covered with trees blown down by the wind. + + pruning The cutting off or removal of dead or living parts or branches of a plant to improve shape or growth. + forest exploitation Forests have been exploited over the centuries as a source of wood and for obtaining land for agricultural use. The mismanagement of forest lands and forest resources has led to a situation where the forest is now in rapid retreat. The main aspects of the situation are: serious shortages in the supply of industrial wood; the catastrophic erosion and floods accompanying the stripping of forests from mountainous land; the acute shortages of fuel wood in much of the developing world; the spread of desert conditions at an alarming rate in the arid and semi-arid regions of the world; and the many environmental effects of the destruction of tropical rainforests. + @@ -1261,148 +12145,203 @@ mountain forest An extensive area of woodland that is found at natural elevations usually higher than 2000 feet. + + state forest Forest owned and managed by the State. + + + Mediterranean forest Type of forest found in the Mediterranean area comprising mainly xerophilous evergreen trees. + + + private forest + + + timber forest Forest whose trees are all in the adult stage and have reached the reproductive period. + + maquis A low evergreen shrub formation, usually found on siliceous soils in the Mediterranean lands where winter rainfall and summer drought are the characteristic climate features. It consists of a profusion of aromatic species, such as lavender, myrtle, oleander and rosemary and often includes abundant spiny shrubs. It has been suggested that the maquis is a secondary vegetation, occupying the lands cleared of their natural evergreen oak forests by human activity. + administrative jurisdiction The extent, power or territory in which an office with executive or managerial authority administers justice or declares judgments. + dry lawn + + nursery garden + + + forest protection Branch of forestry concerned with the prevention and control of damage to forests arising from the action of people or livestock, of pests and abiotic agents. + + + natural regeneration The replacement by an organism of tissues or organs which have been lost or severely injured. + + resinous plant Plants yielding or producing resin. + + coppice with standards A traditional system of woodland management whereby timber trees are grown above a coppiced woodland. It is used in particular as a method of exploiting oakwoods, in which all the trees except a rather open network of tall, well-formed oaks - the standards at about fifty per hectare - are felled, leaving plenty of space for hazels and other underwood to grow and be coppiced at intervals of ten to fifteen years. + + game (play) An amusement or pastime; diversion. + + big game Large wild animals that weigh typically more than 30 lb when fully grown, hunted for food, sport or profit. + shellfish farming Raising of shellfish in inland waters, estuaries or coastal waters, for commercial purposes. All commercial shellfish beds producing bivalve molluscs must be monitored for microbial contamination. Samples of water and shellfish flesh must be tested for the presence of algal toxins. Periodic monitoring of fish and shellfish must be carried out to check for the presence of contaminants. + + bureaucratisation The multiplication of or concentration of power in administrators and administrative offices in an organization, usually resulting in an extension into and regimentation of certain areas of social life. + oyster farming There are two types of oyster farming: suspension culture, in which oysters are grown off bottom, in floating trays, is a labor-intensive form of cultivation that requires continuous tending and cleaning of both gear and shellfish, and bottom culture, which is similar to conventional crop farming on land; it involves selecting areas of the sea floor that provide a natural food supply, necessary currents, minimum exposure to predators, and proper temperature and then "seeding" the bottom with shellfish stock that are left to grow to market size. Then they are harvested with a bottom drag from a boat. Both suspension culture and bottom culture depend on natural food supplies for growing the shellfish being raised. + + commercial fishery Such fisheries belong to one of two groups: one catching demersal (bottom-living) fish, e.g. cod, haddock, plaice, sole; the other catching pelagic (surface-living) fish, e.g. anchovy, tuna, herring. + + national fishing reserve Limited portion of a water body belonging to the State where angling is allowed. + + + socioeducational activity Instruction or events designed to offer learning or cultural experiences to populations without access to traditional educational institutions due to social or economic barriers. + competitive examination A test given to a candidate for a certificate or a position and concerned typically with problems to be solved, skills to be demonstrated, or tasks to be performed. + continuing education Various forms, methods, and processes of formal and informal education for the continued learning of all ages and categories of the general public. Oriented toward the continued learning/developmental processes of the individual throughout life. + initial training Any education, instruction or discipline occurring at the beginning of an activity, task, occupation or life span. + pedagogy The principles, practice, or profession of teaching. + + administrative law Body of law created by administrative agencies in the form of rules, regulations, orders and decisions to carry out regulatory powers and duties of such agencies. + + environmental occupation Gainful employment or job-related activity pertaining to ecological concerns, including the preservation of natural resources and the integrity of the ecosystem. + bus A large, long-bodied motor vehicle equipped with seating for passengers, usually operating as part of a scheduled service. + + + public function Activity carried out for the benefit of the community. + @@ -1420,6 +12359,7 @@ organisation of work The coordination or structuring of work practices and production processes in order to influence the way jobs are designed and performed in the workplace. + @@ -1427,6 +12367,7 @@ business The activity, position or site associated with commerce or the earning of a livelihood. + @@ -1437,12 +12378,18 @@ leisure centre A building containing a swimming pool and a large room or other places where you can play sports. + + + community facility Buildings, equipment and services provided for a community. + + + @@ -1458,46 +12405,69 @@ cycle path Part of the road or a special path for the use of people riding bicycles. + + + ski run A trail, slope, or course for skiing. + + + touristic route An established or selected course for travel consisting, typically, of secondary roads with significant scenic, cultural, historic, geological or natural features and including vistas, rest areas, and interpretive sites matching the scenic characteristics of the course. + + + + ecomuseum A private, non-profit facility where plants and animals can be viewed in a natural outdoor setting. + + folklore The traditional and common beliefs, practices and customs of a people, which are passed on as a shared way of life, often through oral traditions such as folktales, legends, anecdotes, proverbs, jokes and other forms of communication. + public attendance + + tourist attendance + + + country lodge A small house or a hut located in the countryside. + + + lodging Provision of accommodation for rest or for residence in a room or rooms or in a dwelling place. + + @@ -1505,11 +12475,14 @@ public The community or people in general or a part or section of the community grouped because of a common interest or activity. + path A route or track between one place to another. + + @@ -1521,84 +12494,118 @@ seaside footpath A route or track running along the coast. + + + educational path A guided trail, designed to explain to children a piece of countryside, the type of soil, flora, fauna, etc. Such trails may be self-guiding, using either explanatory notices set up at intervals or numbered boards referring to a printed leaflet: in other cases parties may be led by a demonstrator or warden. + + + seaside resort A place near the sea where people spend their holidays and enjoy themselves. + + + butterfly Any diurnal insect of the order Lepidoptera that has a slender body with clubbed antennae and typically rests with the wings (which are often brightly coloured) closed over the back. + mountain resort A place in the mountains where people spend their holidays and enjoy themselves. + + winter sports resort Resort where sports held in the open air on snow or ice, especially skiing are practiced. + + + + + touristic unit + + all-terrain vehicle A land carriage so constructed that it can be used on any kind of road or rough terrain and can be operated for many purposes, such as carrying goods, transporting the injured, conveying passengers, etc. + + + population density The number of people relative to the space occupied by them. + young + + button-cell battery A tiny, circular battery made for a watch or for other microelectric applications. + + active population The number of people available and eligible for employment within a given enterprise, region or nation. + time allocation The act of assigning various hours of one's day, week or year to particular activities, especially those falling within the categories of work and leisure. + durable goods Goods which have a reasonably long life and which are not generally consumed in use: e.g. refrigerator. + non-durable goods A good bought by consumers that tends to last for less than a year. Common examples are food and clothing. The notable thing about nondurable goods is that consumers tend to continue buying them regardless of the ups and downs of the business cycle. + by-catch Incidental taking of non-commercial species in drift nets, trawling operations and long line fishing; it is responsible for the death of large marine animals and one factor in the threatened extinction of some species. + goods A term of variable content and meaning. It may include every species of personal chattels or property. Items of merchandise, supplies, raw materials, or finished goods. Land is excluded. + + @@ -1610,27 +12617,37 @@ goods and services The total of economic assets, including both physical or storable objects and intangible acts of human assistance. + + + time budget Determining or planning for allotment of time in hours, days, weeks, etc. + living environment External conditions or surroundings in which people live or work. + + product life cycle A product life cycle includes the following phases: acquisition of raw materials, production, packaging, distribution, use, recyling, and disposal. + ecolabel A mark, seal or written identification attached or affixed to products that provides specific ecological information allowing consumers to make comparisons with other similar products, or instructions on how to safely use or properly recycle or dispose of both products and packaging. + + + @@ -1638,22 +12655,30 @@ quality certification The formal assertion in writing that a commodity, service or other product has attained a recognized and relatively high grade or level of excellence. + + + living standard A measurement of the development level in a country or community, gauged by factors such as personal income, education, life expectancy, food consumption, health care, technology and the use of natural resources. + by-product A product from a manufacturing process that is not considered the principal material. + + supply and demand The relationship between the amount or quantity of a commodity that is available for purchase and the desire or ability of consumers to buy or purchase the commodity, which, in theory, determines the commodity's price in a free market. + + @@ -1665,97 +12690,125 @@ ecological inequality Any imbalance or disparity among inhabitants of the same living environment deemed inappropriate, unjust or detrimental to that environment's integrity. + + social inequality Unequal rewards or opportunities for different individuals within a group or groups within a society. If equality is judged in terms of legal equality, equality of opportunity, or equality of outcome, then inequality is a constant feature of the human condition. + myth A traditional or legendary story, usually dealing with supernatural beings, ancestors, heroes or events, that is with or without determinable basis of fact or a natural explanation, but is used to explain some practice, rite or phenomenon of nature, or to justify the existence of a social institution. + NIMBY aptitude Not In My BackYard: phrase used to describe people who encourage the development of agriculture land for building houses or factories, provided it is not near where they themselves are living. + + social psychology Study of the effects of social structure on cognition and behavior, of processes of face-to-face interaction, and of the negotiation of social order. + + social representation A system of values, ideas and practices established to orient individuals in their community and culture and to provide them with naming, classification and communication codes. + feeling for nature A consciousness, sensibility or sympathetic perception of the physical world and its scenery in their uncultivated state. + + socioeconomics Economic and social structure of communities, tax rates, characteristic types of development. + + + cable Strands of insulated electrical conductors laid together, usually around a central core, and wrapped in a heavy insulation. + + access to administrative documents The legal right of access to administrative documents or the opportunity to avail oneself of the same. + administrative deed Any formal and legitimate step taken or decision made on matters of policy by a chief or other top-level officer within an organization. + + territorial government An administrative body or system in which political direction or control is exercised over a designated area or an administrative division of a city, county or larger geographical area. + decision making support + minister competence The skill, knowledge, qualification, capacity or authority associated with the chief of an administrative department or other high ranking official selected by the head of state. + citizen A native or naturalized member of a state or nation who owes allegiance, bears responsibilities and obtains rights, including protection, from the government. + local government An administrative body or system in which political direction and control is exercised over the community of a city, town or small district. + territorial community An infrastructure, body of people or homogenous constituency that is physically situated in a localized exurban area. + + parliamentary debate Formal discussion or dispute on a particular matter among the members of the parliament. + abiotic factor Physical, chemical and other non-living environmental factors. They are essential for living plants and animals of an ecosystem, providing the essential elements and nutrients that are necessary for growth. The abiotic elements also include the climatic and pedologic components of the ecosystem. + @@ -1764,54 +12817,66 @@ cadmium One of the toxic heavy metal which has caused deaths and permanent illnesses in a series of major pollution incidents around the world. Cadmium has no useful biological purpose. However, it has wide industrial applications. It has been used for decades in metal plating to prevent corrosion, in rechargeable batteries and as a pigment in certain plastics and paints. Special care is taken in the industrial smelting of ores and subsequent handling of cadmium, because occupational exposure is known to have caused heart, chest and kidney disorders. Environmental health problems have come from exposure to various sources of pollution. + motivation of administrative acts The underlying reason or cause, a psychological or social factor, that incites or stimulates managers, executives or supervisors to complete tasks that achieve organizational or company goals. + cadmium contamination The release and presence in the air, water and soil of cadmium, a toxic, metallic element, from sources such as the burning of coal and tobacco and improper disposal of cadmium-containing waste. + economic plan A design, scheme or project pertaining to the production, distribution and use of income, wealth and commodities. + + subsidiary principle The fundamental doctrine or tenet that policy making decisions should be made at the most decentralized level, in which a centralized governing body would not take action unless it it is more effective than action taken at a lower government level. + caesium A soft silvery-white and highly reactive metal belonging to the alkali group of metals. It is a radiation hazard, because it can occur in two radioactive forms. Caesium-134 is produced in nuclear reactors, not directly by fission, but by the reaction. It emits beta- and gamma-radiation and has a half-life of 2.06 years. Caesium-137 is a fission product of uranium and occurs in the fallout from nuclear weapons. It emits beta- and gamma-rays and has a half-life of 30 years. Caesium-137 was the principal product released into the atmosphere, and hence the food chain, from atmospheric testing of nuclear weapons and from the Windscale fire and Chernobyl nuclear accidents. After the Chernobyl accident, which spread a radiation cloud across Europe, the European Commission proposed new and more restrictive limits on levels of caesium in food and drinking water. + financial aid The transfer of funds from developed to underdeveloped countries. + international assistance Economic, military, technical or financial aid or support given to nations or countries in need, often from other governments or international or intergovernmental organizations. + public aid Government aid in the form of monies or food stamps to the poor, disabled, aged or to dependent children. + + national accounting Organised method of recording all business transactions in the national economy. + @@ -1819,26 +12884,33 @@ satellite account A separate financial record or statement that discloses financial activity in a particular area and supplements existing financial records. + household expenditure Any spending done by a person living alone or by a group of people living together in shared accommodation and with common domestic expenses. + + public expenditure Spending by national or local government, government-owned firms or quasi-autonomous non-government organizations. + + intervention fund Money or financial resources set aside to interpose or interfere in any business affair in order to affect an outcome. + financial fund Monetary resources set aside for some purpose. + @@ -1846,102 +12918,137 @@ European Monetary Fund Fund organized by the European Monetary System in which members of the European Community deposit reserves to provide a pool of resources to stabilize exchange rates and to finance balance of payments in support of the pending full European Monetary Union. + International Monetary Fund An international organization established in 1944, affiliated with the United Nations that acts as an international bank facilitating the exchange of national currencies and providing loans to member nations. It also evaluates the performance of the economies of the world's countries. + economic incentive Rewards or penalties offered by government or management to induce an economic sector, company or group of workers to act in such a way as to produce results that plan objectives or policy goals. + incentive tax + + gross domestic product The total output of goods and services produced by a national economy in a given period, usually a year, valued at market prices. It is gross, since no allowance is made, for the value of replacement capital goods. + exceptional tax Compulsory charges levied by a government unit in special or unique instances for the purpose of raising revenue to pay for services or improvements for the general public benefit. + + process analysis + + + audit The periodic or continuous verification of the accounts, assets and liabilities of a company or other organization, often to confirm compliance with legal and professional standards. + + + natural heritage assessment Evaluation of the natural structures, resources and landscapes to ensure their careful management and preservation. + + + water cost The value or the amount of money exchanged for the production and sustained supply of water. + + ecomarketing The buying, selling, advertising, shipping, and storing of goods in compliance with ecological principles. + patrimonial management A type of leadership and management style attempting to gain the loyalty and support of subordinates by excessively providing for their needs and interests. + pollution control investment Securities held for the production of income in the form of interest and dividends with the aim of controlling or reducing pollution or substances in the environment deemed harmful to human health and natural resources. + + environment market + + + antipollution premium A prize or bonus given as an inducement or reward for efforts to reduce the presence of pollution or substances in the environment deemed harmful to human health or natural resources. + + water pricing Applying a monetary rate or value at which water can be bought or sold. + + theory of the environment A structured simulation or explanation based on observation, experimentation and reasoning that seeks to demonstrate, characterize or explain the actions and interactions of the total surrounding conditions of a given system. + trade activity + local development A stage of growth or advancement in any aspect of a community that is defined by or restricted to a particular and usually small district or area. + market study The gathering and studying of data to determine the projection of demand for an item or service. + administrative procedure + @@ -1975,51 +13082,72 @@ free trade Trade which is unimpeded by tariffs, import and export quotas and other measures which obstruct the free movement of goods and services between states. + + less developed country One of the world's poorest nations, typically small in area and population, with low per capita incomes, literacy levels and medical standards, subsistence agriculture and a lack of exploitable minerals and competitive industries. + + North-South relationship The connections, associations or involvement of developed nations, found predominantly in the Northern Hemisphere, with developing nations, found predominantly in the Southern Hemisphere. + + calcium A malleable silvery-white metallic element of the alkaline hearth group; the fifth most abundant element in the earth crust, occurring especially as forms of calcium carbonate. It is an essential constituent of bones and teeth and is used as a deoxidizer in steel. + calculation The act, process or result of calculating. + + density The mass of unit volume of a substance. + + spatial distribution A distribution or set of geographic observations representing the values of behaviour of a particular phenomenon or characteristic across many locations on the surface of the Earth. + + + economic data + + calcium content Amount of calcium contained in a solution. + + + index A list of record surrogates arranged in order of some attribute expressible in machine-orderable form. + + @@ -2028,57 +13156,71 @@ census survey An official periodic count of a population including such information as sex, age, occupation, etc. + statistical series An ordered sequence of data samples in numerical form used to predict or demonstrate trends through time and space. + opinion survey The canvassing of a representative sample of a large group of people on some question in order to determine the general opinion of a group. + calculation method + + rate The amount of change in some quantity during a time interval divided by the length of the time interval. + seasonal variation In time series, that part of the movement which is assigned to the effect of the seasons on the year. + + scientific committee An organized group of persons elected or appointed to discuss scientific matters. + + scientific dispute + calibration To mark the scale of a measuring instrument so that readings can be made in appropriate units. + applied research Research directed toward using knowledge gained by basic research to make things or to create situations that will serve a practical or utilitarian purpose. + scientific research Systematic investigation to establish facts or principles concerning a specific scientific subject. + @@ -2095,42 +13237,53 @@ calibration of measuring equipment The determination or rectification of, according to an accepted standard, the graduation of any instrument giving quantitative measurements. + agronomy The principles and procedures of soil management and of field crop and special-purpose plant improvement, management, and production. + agrosystem Ecosystem dominated by the continuous agricultural intervention of man. + agricultural disaster Violent, sudden and destructive change in the environment either affecting or caused by land cultivation or the raising of crops or livestock. + + agricultural undervaluation The underrating or diminishing in value of agricultural or farming goods and services. + + rural development Any course destined to promote economic growth, modernization, increase in agricultural production and the creation of a framework in which to fulfill primary needs, such as education, health and supply of water in the rural areas. The attainment of such objectives depends in general on the type of administrative systems proposed for the various programmes and on the national political situation as regards, for instance land tenure, agrarian reform, the disbursement of assistance and food policy. + + agricultural hydraulics Science and technology involved in the management of water resources, in the control of erosion and in the removal of unwanted water. + farming technique The business, art, or skill of agriculture. + @@ -2152,78 +13305,102 @@ forage crop Cultivation of crops for consumption by livestock. + market gardening The business of growing fruit and vegetables on a commercial scale. + + seed (product) A fertilized ovule containing an embryo which forms a new plant upon germination. + crop treatment Use of chemicals in order to avoid damage of crops by insects or weeds. + phytosanitary treatment Removal of heavy metals from water by the employment of plants or treatment by which plant organisms act to degrade hazardous organic contaminants or transform hazardous inorganic contaminants to environmentally safe levels in soils, subsurface materials, water, sludges, and residues. + aviculture The raising, keeping, and care of birds. + breeding technique Term referring to the systems employed in animal rearing (extensive and intensive). + transhumance The seasonal migration of livestock to suitable grazing grounds. + + administrative sanction Generally, any formal official imposition of penalty or fine; destruction, taking, seizure, or withholding of property; assessment of damages, reimbursement, restitution, compensation, costs, charges or fees; requirement, revocation or suspension of license; and taking other compulsory or restrictive action by organization, agency or its representative. + mineral conditioner Any naturally occurring inorganic substances with a definite chemical composition and usually of crystalline structure, such as rocks, which are used to stabilize soil, improving its resistance to erosion, texture and permeability. + + + draining The removal of water from a marshy area by artificial means, e.g. the introduction of drains. + + slash and burn culture A traditional farming system that has been used by generations of farmers in tropical forests and the savannah of north and east Africa. It is known to be an ecologically sound form of cultivation, and because the soil is poor in tropical rain forests it is a sustainable method of farming. It is still practised today, primarily in the developing countries. Small areas of bush or forests are cleared and the smaller trees burned. This unlocks the nutrients in the vegetation and gives the soil fertilizer that is easily taken up by plants. A few years later the soil is degraded and the farmer moves on to do the same at another site. The original ground is left fallow for anything up to 20 years so that the forest can regenerate. With the growth in population and in the subsequent need for more farming land to produce food, the method is increasingly being used today to clear large areas of tropical forests for cattle ranching, and in most cases the ground is not left fallow for long enough and, with modern mechanized farming systems, not enough tree stumps or suitable habitats for plant life are left to start the regeneration process. + + chalk A soft, pure, earthy, fine-textured, usually white to light gray or buff limestone of marine origin, consisting almost wholly (90-99%) of calcite, formed mainly by shallow-water accumulation of calcareous tests of floating microorganisms (chiefly foraminifers) and of comminuted remains of calcareous algae (such as cocoliths and rhabdoliths), set in a structureless matrix of very finely crystalline calcite. The rock is porous, somewhat friable, and only slightly coherent. It may include the remains of bottom-dwelling forms (e.g. ammonites, echinoderms, and pelecypods), and nodules of chert and pyrite. The best known and most widespread chalks are of Cretaceous age, such as those exposed in cliffs on both sides of the English Channel. + + + nitrogenous fertiliser Fertilizer materials, natural or synthesized, containing nitrogen available for fixation by vegetation, such as potassium nitrate or ammonium nitrate. + + + @@ -2232,11 +13409,16 @@ camping Guarded area equipped with sanitary facilities where holiday-makers may pitch a tent and camp by paying a daily rate. + + phosphatic fertiliser Fertilizer compound or mixture containing available (soluble) phosphate; examples are phosphate rock (phosphorite), superphosphates or triple superphosphates, nitrophosphate, potassium phosphate, or N-P-K mixtures. + + + @@ -2246,6 +13428,9 @@ potassium fertiliser A chemical fertilizer containing potassium. Potassium (K) is required by all plant and animal life. Plants require potassium for photosynthesis, osmotic regulation and the activation of enzyme systems. + + + @@ -2254,57 +13439,81 @@ purification through the soil The act or process in which a section of the ground is freed from pollution or any type of contamination, often through natural processes. + + + soil leaching The removal of water or any soluble constituents from the soil. Leaching often occurs with soil constituents such as nitrate fertilizers with the result that nitrates end up in potable waters. + + + mineral matter Inorganic materials having a distinct chemical composition, characteristic crystalline structure, colour, and hardness. + + + organic matter Plant and animal residue that decomposes and becomes a part of the soil. + + + + camping site A piece of land where people on holiday can stay in tents, usually with toilets and places for washing. + + + drainage system A surface stream, or a body of impounded surface water, together with all other such streams and water bodies that are tributary to it and by which a region is drained. An artificial drainage system includes also surface and subsurface conduits. + irrigation system A system of man-made channels for supplying water to land to allow plants to grow. + + soil salinity Measurement of the quantity of mineral salts found in a soil. Many semi-arid and arid areas are naturally salty. By definition they are areas of substantial water deficit where evapotranspiration exceeds precipitation. Thus, whereas in humid areas there is sufficient water to percolate through the soil and to leach soluble materials from the soil and the rocks into the rivers and hence into the sea, in deserts this is not the case. Salts therefore tend to accumulate. + + agronomic value The monetary or material worth at which buyers and sellers agree to do business for agricultural goods and services. + mountain management + + @@ -2313,32 +13522,42 @@ rural management and planning The activity or process of overseeing and preparing for the future physical arrangement and condition of any agricultural or pastoral area, which may involve protecting and developing natural and human resources that affect an area's economic vitality. + touristic activity management The administration, promotion, organization and planning for the business or industry of providing information, transportation, entertainment, accommodations and other services to travelers or visitors. + forestry unit Any entity or group of individuals involved with the creation, management and conservation of an extensive area of woodland, often to produce products and benefits such as timber, clean water, biodiversity and recreation. + + equipment plan A formulated or systematic method for the supply of material necessities such as tools, gear, provisions or furnishings. + + approach The way or means of entry or access. + canal An artificial open waterway used for transportation, waterpower, or irrigation. + + + @@ -2346,26 +13565,38 @@ railway station A place along a route or line at which a train stops to pick up or let off passengers or goods, especially with ancillary buildings and services. + + bus station A place along a route or line at which a bus stops for fuel or to pick up or let off passengers or goods, especially with ancillary buildings and services. + + + road construction material The aggregation of components used for building streets, highways and other routes, such as asphalt, concrete, brick, sand and gravel. + + + engineering work + railway network The whole system of railway distribution in a country. + + + @@ -2373,6 +13604,9 @@ road network The system of roads through a country. + + + @@ -2380,6 +13614,8 @@ navigation The science or art of conducting ships or aircraft from one place to another, esp. the method of determining position, course, and distance travelled over the surface of the earth by the principles of geometry and astronomy and by reference to devices (as radar beacons or instruments) designed as aids. + + @@ -2390,6 +13626,9 @@ merchant shipping Transportation of persons and goods by means of ships travelling along fixed navigation routes. + + + @@ -2397,54 +13636,76 @@ combined transport Transport in which more than one carrier is used, e.g. road, rail and sea. + cancer Any malignant cellular tumour including carcinoma and sarcoma. It encompasses a group of neoplastic diseases in which there is a transformation of normal body cells into malignant ones, probably involving some change in the genetic material of the cells, possibly as a result of faulty repair of damage to the cell caused by carcinogenic agents or ionizing radiation. + urban community Body of people living in a town or city. + + urban development document A written or printed text furnishing proposals or procedures for the improvement of living conditions, especially housing, for the inhabitants of a city or densely populated area. + + periurban space Any expanse of land or region located on the outskirts of a city or town. + + single family dwelling An unattached dwelling unit inhabited by an adult person plus one or more related persons. + + + land use plan The key element of a comprehensive plan; describes the recommended location and intensity of development for public and private land uses, such as residential, commercial, industrial, recreational and agricultural. + + + + urban planning and development The activity or process of preparing for the future arrangement and condition of an urban center, particularly the development of its physical lay-out, which would include the construction, reconstruction, conversion, alteration or enlargement of buildings and other structures, and the extension or use of undeveloped land. + land use regime Relation existing between the landowner and the tenant farmer who cultivates the land. + + + + cancer risk The probability that exposure to some agent or substance will adversely transform cells to replicate and form a malignant tumor. + + @@ -2453,54 +13714,73 @@ new town Any of several recent urban developments that constitute small and essentially self-sufficient cities with a planned ordering of residential, industrial, and commercial development. + + pre-emption zone Areas that are subject to the pre-emption right which is a privilege accorded by the government to the actual settler upon a certain limited portion of the public domain, to purchase such tract at a fixed price to the exclusion of all other applicants. + + + land-management intervention area Any expanse of land which requires a person or agency with authority to interpose or interfere in how it is used or administrated. + + canid Carnivorous mammal in the superfamily Canoidea, including dogs and their allies. + rural architecture + traditional architecture + building destruction The tearing down of buildings by mechanical means. + municipal engineering Branch of engineering dealing with the form and functions of urban areas. + + building restoration The accurate reestablishment of the form and details of a building, its artifacts, and the site on which it is located, usually as it appeared at a particular time. + + + + statutory declaration A declaration made in a prescribed form before a justice of the peace, notary public, or other person authorized to administer an oath. + quality standard + @@ -2509,16 +13789,19 @@ European standard A standard which has been approved pursuant to the statutes of the standards bodies with which the Community has concluded agreements. + ISO standard Documented agreements containing technical specifications or other precise criteria to be used consistently as rules, guidelines, or definitions of characteristics, to ensure that materials, products, processes and services are fit for their purpose. + technical regulation A government or management prescribed rule that provides detailed or stringent requirements, either directly or by referring to or incorporating the content of a standard, technical specification or code of practice. + @@ -2534,16 +13817,20 @@ codification The process of collecting and arranging systematically, usually by subject, the laws of a state or country, or the rules and regulations covering a particular area or subject of law or practice. + doctrine (law) A rule, principle, theory, or tenet of the law, as the doctrine of merger, the doctrine of relation, etc. + transport law Rules concerning the movement of goods or persons by sea, railway or road. + + @@ -2551,27 +13838,38 @@ rural law A binding rule or body of rules prescribed by a government pertaining to matters of importance to residents of sparsely populated regions, especially agricultural and other economic issues. + + animal rights Just claims, legal guarantees or moral principles accorded to sentient, non-human species, including freedom from abuse, consumption, experimentation, use as clothing or performing for human entertainment. + + + + rights of future generations The moral, legal or ethical claims of posterity on present people, based on the recognition that the young and unborn are vulnerable to contemporary decision-making, especially decisions having long-term effect on the societies and environment they inherit. + + citizen rights Rights recognized and protected by law, pertaining to the members of a state. + + car A four-wheeled motor vehicle used for land transport, usually propelled by a gasoline or diesel internal combustion engine. + @@ -2579,21 +13877,26 @@ notice Factual information, advice or a written warning communicated to a person by an authorized source, often conveyed because of a legal or administrative rule requiring transmission of such information to all concerned parties. + + circular mail A memorandum, letter or notice in either paper or electronic format distributed widely throughout an organization or to a general list of interested parties. + Community ruling + order 1) A direction or command of a court. In this sense it is often used synonymously with judgment. 2) The document bearing the seal of the court recording its judgment in a case. + @@ -2603,18 +13906,23 @@ administrative instructions Education in the theories and practices of managing an office, business or organization. + + technical instruction The education, instruction, or discipline pertaining to or connected with the mechanical or industrial arts and the applied sciences. + + law (corpus of rules) A body of rules of action or conduct prescribed by controlling authority, and having binding legal force. + @@ -2656,18 +13964,24 @@ hunting licence Official permission granted to individuals or commercial enterprises allowing and regulating by time, location, species, size or amount the wild animals or game that can be killed and taken from lands within a particular jurisdiction. + + building permit Authorization required by local governmental bodies for the erection of an enclosed structure or for the major alteration or expansion of an existing edifice. + + fishing licence Official permission granted to individuals or commercial enterprises allowing and regulating by time, location, species, size or amount the fish that can be caught from rivers, lakes or ocean waters within a particular jurisdiction. + + @@ -2675,11 +13989,13 @@ law draft The form in which proposed statutes, resolutions or special acts are introduced into a legislative body, before they are enacted or passed. + regulation The act of regulating; a rule or order prescribed for management or government; a regulating principle; a precept. Rule of order prescribed by superior or competent authority relating to action on those under its control. + @@ -2701,40 +14017,54 @@ transposition of directive + concession Any rebate, abatement, voluntary grant of or a yielding to a demand or claim, typically made by a government or controlling authority to an individual or organization. + public discussion Consideration, commentary by argument or informal debate on some issue that is open and of concern to the general populace. + declaration of public utility Administrative Act giving the right to take private property for public use. + + private domain Generally, land and water owned by individuals or corporations as opposed to the state; in French civil law, any government property capable of being owned by non-public entities, which cannot be seized and which is restricted to the stipulated ownership and use. + public waterways domain Rivers, canals and lakes owned by the state as opposed to individuals or corporations. + + + public maritime domain eas or ocean areas owned by the state as opposed to individuals or corporations. + + + + right of access + @@ -2742,11 +14072,13 @@ public benefit inquiry An investigation, especially a formal one conducted into a matter of public utility by a body constituted for that purpose by a government, local authority, or other organization. + public inquiry An investigation, especially a formal one conducted into a matter of public utility by a body constituted for that purpose by a government, local authority, or other organization. + @@ -2754,21 +14086,25 @@ delegated management The process of assigning or transferring authority, decision making or a specific administrative function from one entity to another. + state control The power or authority of a government to regulate or command industry, organizations, programs, initiatives and individuals. + easement The rights of use over the property of another; a burden on a piece of land causing the owner to suffer access by another. + crime Any act done in violation of those duties which an individual owes to the community, and for the breach of which the law has provided that the offender shall make satisfaction to the public. + @@ -2778,41 +14114,50 @@ police power + criminal law procedure The rules of law governing the procedure by which crimes are investigated, prosecuted, adjudicated, and punish. + judgement (sentence) The official and authentic decision of a court of justice upon the respective rights and claims of the parties to an action or suit therein litigated and submitted to its determination. The final decision of the court resolving the dispute and determining the rights and obligations of the parties. The law's last word in a judicial controversy, it being the final determination by a court of the rights of the parties upon matters submitted to it in an action or proceeding. + conflict A state of opposition or disagreement between ideas, interests, etc. + + litigation A judicial contest, a judicial controversy, a suit at law. + administrative court (administration) An independent, specialized judicial tribunal in which judges or officials are authorized by a government agency to conduct hearings and render decisions in proceedings between the government agency and the persons, businesses or other organizations that it regulates. + Court of Justice of the European Communities Institution set up under Treaty of Rome to ensure that in interpretation and application of the Treaty the law is observed. It consists of judges from each member state, appointed for 6-year periods, assisted by three Advocates General. It sits in Luxembourg, expressing itself in judgements when called upon to do so in proceedings initiated by member states, institutions of the EC and natural or legal persons. Procedures are generally inquisitorial. + justice The correct application of law as opposed to arbitrariness. + @@ -2822,11 +14167,14 @@ trial A judicial examination and determination of issues between parties to action; whether they need issues of law or of fact. A judicial examination, in accordance with law of the land, of a cause, either civil or criminal, of the issues between the parties, whether of law or fact, before a court that has proper jurisdiction. + carbohydrate Any of the group of organic compounds composed of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen, including sugars, starches and celluloses. + + @@ -2834,6 +14182,7 @@ court An organ of the government, belonging to the judicial department, whose function is the application of the laws to controversies brought before it and the public administration of justice. The presence of a sufficient number of the members of such a body regularly convened in an authorized place at an appointed time, engaged in the full and regular performance of its functions. A body in the government to which the administration of justice is delegated. A body organized to administer justice, and including both judge and jury. An incorporeal, political being, composed of one or more judges, who sit at fixed times and places, attended by proper officers, pursuant to lawful authority, for the administration of justice. An organized body with defined powers, meeting at certain times and places for the hearing and decision of causes and other matters brought before it, and aided in this, its proper business, by its proper officers, attorneys and counsel to present and manage the business, clerks to record and attest its acts and decisions, and ministerial officers to execute its commands, and secure due order in its proceedings. + @@ -2841,6 +14190,7 @@ carbon A nonmetallic element existing in the three crystalline forms: graphite, diamond and buckminsterfullerene: occurring in carbon dioxide, coal, oil and all organic compounds. + @@ -2851,11 +14201,14 @@ lease Any agreement which gives rise to relationship of landlord and tenant (real property) or lessor and lessee (real or personal property). Contract for exclusive possession of lands or tenements for determinate period. Contract for possession and profits of lands and tenements either for life, or for certain period of time, or during the pleasure of the parties. + certification The formal assertion in writing of some fact. + + @@ -2863,127 +14216,168 @@ homologation The approval given by the judge of certain acts and agreements for the purpose of rendering them more binding and executory. + carbonate A salt or ester of carbonic acid. + notification Information concerning a fact, actually communicated to a person by an authorized person. + pre-emption The right of first refusal to purchase land in the event that the grantor of the right should decide to sell. + + + prescription Acquisition of a personal right to use a way, water, light and air by reason of continuous usage. Prescription is a peremptory and perpetual bar to every species of action, real or personal, when creditor has been silent for a certain time without urging his claim. + repression The act, as by power or authority, of arresting or inhibiting the communication of ideas or facts as expressed in a practice, movement, publication or piece of evidence in a court proceeding. + devolution The act of assigning or entrusting authority, powers or functions to another as deputy or agent, typically to a subordinate in the administrative structure of an organization or institution. + pollutant flow The forward continuous motion or diffusion of polluting substances, or the rate or quantity in which polluting substances move from one place to another. + ocean-air interface The sea and the atmosphere are fluids in contact with one another, but in different energy states - the liquid and the gaseous. The free surface boundary between them inhibits, but by no means totally prevents, exchange of mass and energy between the two. Almost all interchanges across this boundary occur most effectively when turbulent conditions prevail. A roughened sea surface, large differences in properties between the water and the air, or an unstable air column that facilitates the transport of air volumes from sea surface to high in the atmosphere. Both heat and water (vapor) tend to migrate across the boundary in the direction from sea to air. Heat is exchanged by three processes: radiation, conduction, and evaporation. The largest net exchange is through evaporation, the process of transferring water from sea to air by vaporization of the water. + + + + pollutant migration Uncontrolled movement, caused by percolation or other processes, of liquid or gaseous polluting materials from an original source area into other parts of an ecosystem. + incidental pollution Pollution caused by oil spills, by the accidental release of radioactive substances, by the immission in water bodies or in the atmosphere of chemical substances deriving from industrial activities. + bacteriological pollution Contamination of water, soil and air with pathogen bacteria. + + carbon cycle The cycle of carbon in the biosphere, in which plants convert carbon dioxide to organic compounds that are consumed by plants and animals, and the carbon is returned to the biosphere in inorganic form by processes of respiration and decay. + diffuse pollution Pollution from widespread activities with no one discrete source, e.g. acid rain, pesticides, urban run-off etc. + domestic pollution + + mineral pollution Pollution deriving from all classes of mining operations and having an adverse effect on aquatic life, water supplies and the recreational use of waters. + + organic pollution Pollution caused by animal or plant material derived from living and dead organisms that may contain pathogenic bacteria and negatively influences the environment. + photochemical pollution Air pollution containing ozone and other reactive chemical compounds formed by the action of sunlight on nitrogen oxides and hydrocarbons, especially those in automobile exhaust. + + + land-based marine pollution + + + toxic pollution Pollution by toxic substances that produce a harmful effect on living organisms by physical contact, ingestion, or inhalation. + + river disposal Discharge of solid, liquid or gaseous waste into a river. + + + underground disposal The discharge, dumping or emission of wastes below the surface of the soil. + + urban pollutant + + prevention measure Measures taken in advance to prevent the occurrence of disasters or similar emergencies. + @@ -2998,6 +14392,7 @@ protective measure Any precautionary action, procedure or installation conceived or undertaken to guard or defend from harm persons, property or the environment. + @@ -3009,17 +14404,21 @@ strong acidity High degree of ionization of an acid in water solution. + biomarker A normal metabolite that, when present in abnormal concentrations in certain body fluids, can indicate the presence of a particular disease or toxicological condition. + biological contamination The presence in the environment of living organisms or agents derived by viruses, bacteria, fungi, and mammal and bird antigens that can cause many health effects. + + @@ -3027,6 +14426,8 @@ chemical contamination The addition or presence of chemicals to, or in, another substance to such a degree as to render it unfit for its intended purpose. Also refers to the result(s) of such an addition or presence. + + @@ -3038,6 +14439,9 @@ biological effect of pollution Effects of pollution on living systems. + + + @@ -3046,6 +14450,8 @@ carbon dioxide A colourless gas with a faint tingling smell and taste. Atmospheric carbon dioxide is the source of carbon for plants. As carbon dioxide is heavier than air and does not support combustion, it is used in fire extinguishers. It is a normal constituent of the atmosphere, relatively innocuous in itself but playing an important role in the greenhouse effect. It is produced during the combustion of fossil fuels when the carbon content of the fuels reacts with the oxygen during combustion. It is also produced when living organisms respire. It is essential for plant nutrition and in the ocean phytoplankton is capable of absorbing and releasing large quantities of the gas. + + @@ -3055,46 +14461,70 @@ irreversibility of the phenomenon That quality of a process that precludes a prior state from being attained again. + + quality objective Any goal or target established for a product, service or endeavor that aspires to attain a relatively high grade or level of excellence. + solid particle Any tiny or very small mass of material that has a definite volume and shape and resists forces that would alter its volume or shape. + + + + purifying power Regenerative capacity of a system, of soils, water, etc. + + + + + carbon dioxide tax Compulsory charges levied on fuels to reduce the output of carbon dioxide (CO2), which is a colourless and odourless gas substance that is incombustible. + + + sensor The generic name for a device that senses either the absolute value or a change in a physical quantity such as temperature, pressure, flow rate, or pH, or the intensity of light, sound, or ratio waves and converts that change into a useful input signal for an information-gathering system. + + instrumentation Designing, manufacturing, and utilizing physical instruments or instrument systems for detection, observation, measurement, automatic control, automatic computation, communication, or data processing. + + metrology The science of measurement. + observation satellite Man-made device that orbits the earth, receiving, processing and transmitting signals and generating images such as weather pictures. + + + + @@ -3104,12 +14534,14 @@ atrazine Herbicide belonging to the triazine group, widely employed and particularly in maize crops. It is highly toxic for phytoplancton and freshwater algae and, being highly soluble in water, it easily contaminates aquifers. + organic nitrogen nitrogen chemically bound in organic molecules such as proteins, amines, and amino acids + @@ -3118,6 +14550,7 @@ halogenated compound A substance containing halogen atoms. + @@ -3125,25 +14558,32 @@ carbon monoxide Colorless, odourless, tasteless, non-corrosive, highly poisonous gas of about the same density as that of air. Very flammable, burning in air with bright blue flame. Although each molecule of CO has one carbon atom and one oxygen atom, it has a shape similar to that of an oxygen molecule (two atoms of oxygen), which is important with regard to it's lethality. + + sulphur monoxide A gas at ordinary temperatures; produces an orange-red deposit when cooled to temperatures of liquid air; prepared by passing an electric discharge through a mixture of sulfur vapor and sulfur dioxide at low temperature. + pyralene Chemical compound belonging to the polychlorinated biphenyls family, used in the production of electrical equipment which requires dielectric fluid such as power transformers and capacitors, as well as in hydraulic machinery, vacuum pumps, compressors and heat-exchanger fluids. + asbestosis A non-malignant progressive, irreversible, lung disease, characterized by diffuse fibrosis, resulting from the inhalation of asbestos fibers. + genotoxicity + + @@ -3151,70 +14591,91 @@ intoxication The state of being poisoned; the condition produced by a poison which may be swallowed, inhaled, injected, or absorbed through the skin. + + carcass disposal The disposal of slaughtered animals, other dead animal bodies and animal body parts after removal of the offal products. + + biological test The laboratory determination of the effects of substances upon specific living organisms. + + total organic carbon The amount of carbon covalently bound in organic compounds in a water sample. + + + chemical degradation The act or process of simplifying or breaking down a molecule into smaller parts, either naturally or artificially. + laboratory test Tests, examinations or evaluations performed in a laboratory. + biotic index Scale for showing the quality of an environment by indicating the types of organisms present in it (e.g. how clean a river is). + oxidisable material Substance that can undergo a chemical reaction with oxygen. + dissolved oxygen The amount of oxygen dissolved in a stream, river or lake is an indication of the degree of health of the stream and its ability to support a balanced aquatic ecosystem. The oxygen comes from the atmosphere by solution and from photosynthesis of water plants. The maximum amount of oxygen that can be held in solution in a stream is termed the saturation concentration and, as it is a function of temperature, the greater the temperature, the less the saturation amount. The discharge of an organic waste to a stream imposes an oxygen demand on the stream. If there is an excessive amount of organic matter, the oxidation of waste by microorganisms will consume oxygen more rapidly than it can be replenished. When this happens, the dissolved oxygen is depleted and results in the death of the higher forms of life. + + photodegradation The capability of being decomposed by prolonged exposure to light. + insoluble substance Substance incapable of forming a solution, especially in water. + non-volatile substance Substance that is not capable of changing from a solid or liquid form to a vapour. + + weakly degradable substance A substance that is not easily converted to another, usually less complex compound. + + @@ -3223,6 +14684,8 @@ volatile substance A substance capable of readily changing from a solid or liquid form to a vapour; having a high vapour pressure and a low boiling point. + + @@ -3230,18 +14693,22 @@ chemical corrosivity The tendency of a metal to wear away another by chemical attack. + physicochemical analysis Analysis based on the physical changes associated with chemical reactions. + + carcinogenicity The ability or tendency of a substance or physical agent to cause or produce cancer. + @@ -3249,12 +14716,14 @@ experimental study Study based on experimentation. + granulometry 1) The determination of the different grain size in a granular material. 2) The proportion by weight of particles of different sizes in granular material. + @@ -3262,17 +14731,22 @@ carcinogenicity test Test for assessing if a chemical or physical agent increases the risk of cancer. The three major ways of testing for carcinogens are animals tests, epidemiological studies and bacterial tests. + + drawing To cause to discharge from an abscess or wound or to obtain a sample of tissue or organic liquid for examination. + chemical product A substance characterized by definite molecular composition. + + @@ -3309,60 +14783,79 @@ flammable product Material having the ability to generate a sufficient concentration of combustible vapors to produce a flame, if ignited. + organoleptic property Properties that can be perceived by sense organs. + + carcinogen A substance that causes cancer in humans and animals. + + + hearing system The system that is concerned with the perception of sound, is mediated through the organ of Corti of the ear in mammals or through corresponding sensory receptors of the lagena in lower vertebrates, is normally sensitive in man to sound vibrations between 16 and 27.000 cycles per second but most receptive to those between 2.000 and 5.000 cycles per second, is conducted centrally by the cochlear branch of the auditory nerve, and is coordinated especially in the medial geniculate body. + + cardiovascular system Those structures, including the heart and blood vessels, which provide channels for the flow of blood. + + cardiology The study of the heart. + + cardiovascular disease + enterovirus Any of a subgroup of the picornaviruses infecting the gastrointestinal tract and discharged in feces, including coxsackieviruses, echoviruses, and polioviruses; may be involved in respiratory disease, meningitis, and neurological disease. + + animal biology The scientific study of the natural processes of animals. + plant biology The scientific study of the natural processes of plants. + + genetic pool The total number of genes or the amount of genetic information possessed by all the reproductive members of a population of sexually reproducing organisms. + @@ -3370,27 +14863,33 @@ hearing acuity Effectiveness of hearing. + + decibel A unit used to express relative difference on power, usually between acoustic or electric signals, equal to ten times the common logarithm of the ratio of the two level. + acoustical quality The characteristics of a confined space that determines its ability to enable music and speech to be heard clearly within it. + Caribbean Area A geographical region bordered on the south by South America and Panama, and on the west by Central America, and consisting of the West Indian, and nearby, islands and the Caribbean Sea, a part of the western Atlantic Ocean. + noise spectrum The range of frequencies occurring in the noise emitted by a source. + @@ -3398,6 +14897,7 @@ carnivore An animal that eats meat. + @@ -3408,49 +14908,70 @@ mechanical vibration A motion, usually unintentional and often undesirable, of parts of machines and structures. + + airborne noise Noise caused by the movement of large volumes of air and the use of high-pressure air. + + background noise Noise coming from source other than the noise source being monitored. + rolling noise Deeply resounding, reverberating noise caused by the friction between car tyres and road surfaces. + + neighbourhood noise General noise from a local source (such as the noise of a factory) which is disturbing to people living in the area. + + acoustic comfort + + noise exposure plan A formulated or systematic method to prevent the effects of being subjected to loud or harsh sounds. + + + + tidal power station Power station where the generation of power is provided by the ebb and flow of the tides. The principle is that water collected at high tide behind a barrage is released at low tide to turn a turbine that, in turn, drives a generator. + + + + hydroelectric energy The free renewable source of energy provided by falling water that drives the turbines. Hydropower is the most important of the regenerable energy sources because of its highest efficiency at the energy conversion. There are two types of hydroelectric power plants: a) run-of-river power plants for the use of affluent water; b) storage power plants (power stations with reservoir) where the influx can be regulated with the help of a reservoir. Mostly greater differences in altitudes are being used, like mountain creeks. Power stations with reservoirs are generally marked by barrages with earth fill dam or concrete dams. Though hydropower generally can be called environmentally acceptable, there exist also some problems: a) change of groundwater level and fill up of the river bed with rubble. b) Risk of dam breaks. c) Great demand for land space for the reservoir. d) Diminution, but partly also increase of value of recreation areas. As the hydropowers of the world are limited, the world energy demand however is rising, finally the share of hydropower will decrease. + + @@ -3458,16 +14979,24 @@ small power station Power station of small size for the generation of energy at local level. + + + water mill A mill whose power is provided by a large wheel which is turned by moving water, especially a river. + + + + ecological carrying capacity 1) The maximum number of species an area can support during the harshest part of the year, or the maximum biomass it can support indefinitely. 2) The maximum number of grazing animals an area can support without deterioration. + @@ -3478,28 +15007,43 @@ carry-over effect Effect caused by the successive passages of polluting substances through the different organisms of a food chain. + + power station derating The process by which a power plant is finally taken out of operation. + + + + adsorption The physical or chemical bonding of molecules of gas, liquid or a dissolved substance to the external surface of a solid or the internal surface, if the material is porous, in a very thin layer. + + + + + cartography The making of maps and charts for the purpose of visualizing spatial distributions over various areas of the earth. + + radioelement An element that is naturally radioactive. + + @@ -3510,16 +15054,23 @@ fast reactor Nuclear reactor which produces more fissile material than it consumes, using fast-moving neutrons and making plutonium-239 from uranium-238, thereby increasing the reactor's efficiency. + + + + contaminated area Any site or region that is damaged, harmed or made unfit for use by the introduction of unwanted substances, particularly microorganisms, chemicals, toxic and radioactive materials and wastes. + + atmospheric aerosol Particulate matter suspended in the air. The particulate matter may be in the form of dusts, fumes, or mist. Aerosols in the atmosphere are the form in which pollutants such as smoke are dispersed. + @@ -3529,11 +15080,18 @@ car tyre A rubber ring placed over the rim of a wheel of a road vehicle to provide traction and reduce road shocks, especially a hollow inflated ring consisting of a reinforced outer casing enclosing an inner tube. + + + + biofuel A gaseous, liquid, or solid fuel that contains an energy content derived from a biological source. The organic matter that makes up living organisms provides a potential source of trapped energy that is beginning to be exploited to supply the ever-increasing energy demand around the world. An example of a biofuel is rapeseed oil, which can be used in place of diesel fuel in modified engines. The methyl ester of this oil, rapeseed methyl ester (RME), can be used in unmodified diesel engines and is sometimes known as biodiesel. Other biofuels include biogas and gasohol. + + + @@ -3546,6 +15104,10 @@ forest deterioration Reduction of tree population in forests caused by acidic precipitation, forest fires, air pollution, deforestation, pests and diseases of trees, wildlife, etc. + + + + @@ -3553,11 +15115,15 @@ ethanol A colorless liquid, miscible with water, used as a reagent and solvent. Also known as alcohol; ethyl alcohol; grain alcohol. + motor vehicle pollution Pollution caused by gases vented to the atmosphere by internal-combustion-engine driven vehicles. + + + @@ -3565,105 +15131,135 @@ atmospheric fallout The sedimentation of dust or fine particles from the atmosphere. + + clean air car Vehicles that function without emitting pollutants in the atmosphere. + + cash crop Crops that are grown for sale in the town markets or for export. They include coffee, cocoa, sugar, vegetables, peanuts and non-foods, like tobacco and cotton. Huge areas of countries in the developing world have been turned over to cash crops. Those countries with no mineral or oil resources depend on cash crops for foreign money, so that they can import materials do develop roads, for construction, or to buy Western consumer goods and, indeed, food. However, critics argue that cash crops are planted on land that would otherwise be used to grow food for the local community and say this is a cause of world famine. Cash crops, such as peanuts, can ruin the land if it is not left fallow after six years of harvests. Moreover, if the best agricultural land is used for cash crops, local farmers are forced to use marginal land to grow food for local consumption, and this has a further dramatic effect on the environment. + palaeoclimatology The study of paleoclimates throughout geologic time, and of the causes of their variations, on either a local or a worldwide basis. It involves the interpretation of glacial deposits, fossils and sedimentologic and other types of data. + + continental climate A climate characterized by hot summers, cold winters, and little rainfall, typical of the interior of a continent. + desert climate A climate type which is characterized by insufficient moisture to support appreciable plant life; that is, a climate of extreme aridity. + equatorial climate Climate characterized by constant temperatures, abundant rainfall and a very short dry season. + Mediterranean climate A type of climate characterized by hot, dry, sunny summers and a winter rainy season; basically, this is the opposite of a monsoon climate. Also known as etesian climate. + mountain climate Very generally, the climate of relatively high elevations; mountain climates are distinguished by the departure of their characteristics from those of surrounding lowlands, and the one common basis for this distinction is that of atmospheric rarefaction; aside from this, great variety is introduced by differences in latitude, elevation, and exposure to the sun; thus, there exists no single, clearly defined, mountain climate. Also known as highland climate. + oceanic climate A regional climate which is under the predominant influence of the sea, that is, a climate characterized by oceanity; the antithesis of a continental climate. + temperate climate The climate of the middle latitudes; the climate between the extremes of tropical climate and polar climate. + tropical climate A climate which is typical of equatorial and tropical regions, that is, one with continually high temperatures and with considerable precipitation, at least during part of the year. + atmospheric inversion A temperature inversion in the atmosphere in which the temperature, instead of falling, increases with height above the ground. With the colder and heavier air below, there is no tendency to form upward currents and turbulence is suppressed. Inversions are often formed in the late afternoon when the radiation emitted from the ground exceeds that received from the sinking sun. Inversions are also caused by katabatic winds, that is cold winds flowing down the hillside into a valley, and by anticyclones. In inversion layers, both vertical and horizontal diffusion is inhibited and pollutants become trapped, sometimes for long periods. Low-level discharges of pollutants are more readily trapped by inversions than high level dischargers, hence the case for high stacks. Furthermore, high level discharges into an inversion tend to remain at a high level because of the absence of vertical mixing. + thunderstorm A storm caused by strong rising air currents and characterized by thunder and lightning and usually heavy rain or hail. + + + catalysis A phenomenon in which a relatively small amount of substance augments the rate of a chemical reaction without itself being consumed. + glaze A coating of ice, generally clear and smooth but usually containing some air pockets, formed on exposed objects by the freezing of a film of supercooled water deposited by rain, drizzle, or fog, or possibly condensed from supercooled water vapour. + + exploitation of underground water The process of extracting underground water from a source. + + water infiltration into the ground The movement of surface water into soil or rock through cracks and pores. + + adult A person who is fully grown, developed or of a specified age. + + catalyst A substance whose presence alters the rate at which a chemical reaction proceeds, but whose own composition remains unchanged by the reaction. Catalysts are usually employed to accelerate reactions(positive catalyst), but retarding (negative) catalysts are also used. + + @@ -3671,22 +15267,34 @@ water table Water that occupies pores, cavities, cracks and other spaces in the crustal rocks. It includes water precipitated from the atmosphere which has percolated through the soil, water that has risen from deep magmatic sources liberated during igneous activity and fossil water retained in sedimentary rocks since their formation. The presence of groundwater is necessary for virtually all weathering processes to operate. Phreatic water is synonymous with groundwater and is the most important source of any water supply. + + water catchment protection Precautionary actions, procedures or installations undertaken to prevent or reduce harm to the environmental integrity of drainage areas used to catch water, such as reservoirs or basins. + + + water table protection Water table is inherently susceptible to contamination from landuse activities. Remediation is very expensive and often impractical. Prevention of contamination is therefore critical in effective groundwater management. + + + catalytic converter Catalytic converters are designed to clean up the exhaust fumes from petrol-driven vehicles, which are otherwise the major threat to air quality standards in congested urban streets and on motorways. Converters remove carbon monoxide, the unburned hydrocarbons and the oxides of nitrogen. These compounds are damaging to human health and the environment in a variety of ways. The converter is attached to the vehicle' s exhaust near the engine. Exhaust gases pass through the cellular ceramic substrate, a honeycomb-like filter. While compact, the intricate honeycomb structure provides a surface area of 23.000 square metres. This is coated with a thin layer of platinum, palladium and rhodium metals, which act as catalysts that simulate a reaction to changes in the chemical composition of the gases. Platinum and palladium convert hydrocarbons and carbon monoxide into carbon dioxide and water vapour. Rhodium changes nitrogen oxides and hydrocarbons into nitrogen and water, which are harmless. + + + + @@ -3694,21 +15302,27 @@ flood runoff The total quantity of water flowing from the catchment during the period of the flood. + silting up The filling or partial filling with silt of a reservoir that receives fine-grained sediment brought in by streams and surface runoff. + + hydrometry The science and technology of measuring specific gravities, particularly of liquids. + + catastrophe A sudden, widespread disaster or calamity that greatly exceeds the resources of an area or region. + @@ -3717,22 +15331,30 @@ flood forecast The hydrological processes generating river floods have been studied extensively and several modelling concepts have been proposed. The standard procedure for flood forecasting consists of calibrating the parameters of the model of a particular river basin on a representative set of historical hydrometric data and subsequently applying this calibrated model in a real-time environment. + + hydrographic network The configuration or arrangement in plan view of the natural stream courses in an area. It is related to local geologic and geomorphologic features and history. Synonym: drainage pattern. + sedimentology The scientific study of sedimentary rocks and of the processes by which they were formed; the description, classification, origin, and interpretation of sediments. + + hydrographic basin 1) The drainage basin of a stream. 2) An area occupied by a lake and its drainage basin. + + + @@ -3745,32 +15367,47 @@ catchment area 1) An area from which surface runoff is carried away by a single drainage system. 2) The area of land bounded by watersheds draining into a river, basin or reservoir. + + + bathing freshwater Freshwater in which bathing is explicitly authorised or in which bathing is not prohibited and is traditionally practised by a large number of bathers. Water in such areas must meet specified quality standards relating to chemical, microbiological and physical parameters. + + + demesnial water A body of water that is owned and maintained by a national governmental body or agency. + + non-demesnial water A body of water that is owned and maintained by an individual or entity other than the national government. + + + bog A commonly used term in Scotland and Ireland for a stretch waterlogged, spongy ground, chiefly composed of decaying vegetable matter, especially of rushes, cotton grass, and sphagnum moss. + water desalination Any mechanical procedure or process where some or all of the salt is removed from water. + + + @@ -3779,68 +15416,95 @@ bathing seawater Sea waters in which bathing is explicitly authorised or in which bathing is not prohibited and is traditionally practised by a large number of bathers. Water in such areas must meet specified quality standards relating to chemical, microbiological and physical parameters. + + + ocean outfall The mouth or outlet of a river, drain, sewer or any other place at which drainage or wastewater is discharged into a body of oceanic water. + ocean exploitation The utilization of the ocean for its food resources, mineral resources, and energy and water sources. + + swell A regular movement of marine waves created by wind stress in the open ocean which travels considerable distances away from the generating field and into another wind field. The waves are characterized by relatively smooth, generally unbroken, crests and a fairly regular wavelength, but swell increases in wavelength and decreases in wave height as it moves away from the generating area. Local wind waves may be superimposed upon swell waves as they approach a coastline, thereby creating sharper crests and a choppy sea. + + estuary pollution Contamination of the generally broad portion of a stream near its outlet which is influenced by the tide of the water body into which it flows. Many estuaries have become badly contaminated by wastes that have been generated from heavily populated areas. + + + river management The administration or handling of a waterway or a stream of flowing water. + + + flushing Removing lodged deposits of rock fragments and other debris by water flow at high velocity; used to clean water conduits and drilled boreholes. + canal lock A chamber with gates on both ends connecting two sections of a canal or other waterway, to raise or lower the water level in each section. + + + adult education Any instruction or training, informal or formal, which is geared to persons of mature age, regardless of previous education, and typically offered by university extension programs, employers, correspondence courses or community groups. + catch yield The yield obtained from a given fishery; fishery catches should be strictly controlled so that the fish population can have a sufficient breeding mass and thus give a sustained yield for future generations. + water weed cutting Cutting down by scythe or machine at intervals the vegetation growth and grasses on banks and berms of irrigation and drainage channels or cropped areas. + + bank protection Engineering work which aims at the protection of banks of a river, or slopes of embankments along it, from erosion by the current of flow, from floods, etc. + + category of endangered species Those of the planet's flora and fauna which are threatened with extinction. Hunting and poaching to fuel the trade in ivory, horn, skins, fur and feathers have long been a threat to already endangered species. Pollution, agricultural expansion, loss of wetlands, deforestation and other erosion of habitats have been added to the hazards. Human activity was responsible for most of the animals and plants known to have been lost in the past two centuries. + + + @@ -3854,65 +15518,90 @@ retaining reservoir Basin used to hold water in storage. + + dam draining The drawing of water from a reservoir by means of draining pipes located at the bottom of the basin and controlled by a system of sluices which ensure, if necessary, the emptying of the basin in a given period of time in respect of downstream conditions. + + water corrosivity Complex series of reactions between the water and metal surfaces and materials in which the water is stored or transported. The corrosion process is an oxidation/reduction reaction that returns refined or processed metal to their more stable ore state. With respect to the corrosion potential of drinking water, the primary concerns include the potential presence of toxic metals , such as lead and copper. + + water quality improvement Progress in, or betterment of, the environmental condition and integrity of water. + + water taste Taste in water can be caused by foreign matter, such as organic compounds, inorganic salts or dissolved gases. These materials may come from domestic, agricultural or natural sources. Some substances found naturally in groundwater, while not necessarily harmful, may impart a disagreeable taste or undesirable property to the water. Magnesium sulphate, sodium sulphate, and sodium chloride are but a few of these. Acceptable waters should be free from any objectionable taste at point of use. + + green tide A proliferation of a marine green plankton toxic and often fatal to fish, perhaps stimulated by the addition of nutrients. + + + suspended matter Matter suspended in a fluid by the upward components of turbulent currents or by colloidal suspension. + + + + water salinity The degree of dissolved salts in water measured by weight in parts per thousand. + + catchment A structure in which water is collected. + + cation A positively charged atom or group of atoms, or a radical which moves to the negative pole (cathode) during electrolysis. + fountain A stream of water that is forced up into the air through a small hole, especially for decorative effect or the structure in a lake or pool from which this flows. + + water reservoir Artificial or natural area of water, used for storing water for domestic or industrial use. + @@ -3922,6 +15611,8 @@ cattle Domesticated bovine animals, including cows, steers and bulls, raised and bred on a ranch or farm. + + @@ -3929,71 +15620,105 @@ water demineralisation The removal of minerals from water by chemical, ion-exchange, or distillation procedures. + + + - on-site wastewater treatment + on-site waste water treatment A process in which used or spent water is treated at the point of origin or where it was produced, by using a septic tank or some other system to remove or reduce the impact of constituent wastes on human health and the environment. + + - collective wastewater treatment + collective waste water treatment + + + storm water basin Basin used to hold water which falls as rain during a storm. + + + + rain water sewer system Channels for clearing away rain water. + + + separate sewer system Sewer system having distinct pipes for collecting superficial water and sewage water. + + + combined sewer system A sewer intended to serve as a sanitary sewer and a storm sewer, or as an industrial sewer and a storm sewer. + + water aeration Addition of air to sewage or water so as to raise its dissolved oxygen level. + + - individual wastewater treatment + individual waste water treatment The process of using a natural system or mechanical device to collect, treat and discharge or reclaim wastewater from an individual dwelling without the use of community-wide sewers or a centralised treatment facility. + + + sedimentation basin A basin in which suspended matter is removed either by quiescent settlement or by continuous flow at high velocity and extended retention time to allow deposition. + + trickling filter A system of secondary sewage treatment which is similar to self-purification action of streams; it is more accurately a biological oxidizing bed; the effluent is placed on the stones in the bed and microorganisms present consume the solids as a food supply. + + used water Wastewater or utilized water from a home, community, farm or industry, which is often discharged after utilization. + + - urban wastewater + urban waste water The liquid wastes deriving from domestic, commercial and industrial activities of an urban settlement. + + + @@ -4002,33 +15727,47 @@ waste treatment effluent Partially or completely treated water or waste water flowing out of a waste treatment plant. + + + - biological wastewater treatment + biological waste water treatment Types of wastewater treatment in which biochemical or bacterial action is intensified to oxidize and stabilize the unstable organic matter present. Examples of this type of treatment use intermittent sand filters, trickling filters, and activated sludge processes and sludge digestion. + + + lagooning The process in which sunlight, bacterial action and oxygen cause self-purification in waste water, Usually taking place in a shallow pond, or system of such ponds. + + cause for concern principle Principle connected with the precautionary principle: it means that, if there are strong reasons for expecting serious or irreversible damage to the environment following a given project, lack of full scientific certainty should not be used as a reason for postponing cost-effective measures to prevent environmental degradation. Critics of this approach are concerned about large commitments of resources to deal with vaguely defined problems. + water regeneration A process in which naturally occurring microorganisms, plants, trees or geophysical processes break down, degrade or filter out hazardous substances or pollutants from a body of water, cleansing and treating contaminated water without human intervention. + water resources management Measures and activities concerning the supply of water, the improvement of efficiency in its use, the reduction of losses and waste, water-saving practices to reduce costs and to slow the depletion of the water supply to ensure future water availability. + + + + @@ -4036,61 +15775,84 @@ 1) An underground hollow with access from the ground surface or from the sea, often found in limestone areas and on rocky coastlines. 2) A natural cavity, chamber or recess which leads beneath the surface of the earth, generally in a horizontal or obliquely inclined direction. It may be in the form of a passage or a gallery, its shape depending in part on the joint pattern or structure of the rock and partly on the type of process involved in its excavation. Thus, caves worn by subterranean rivers may be different in character from, and of considerably greater extent than, a sea-cave eroded by marine waves. 3) A natural underground open space, generally with a connection to the surface and large enough for a person to enter. The most common type of cave is formed in a limestone by dissolution. + + waste sorting unit Centralized recycling centres to which waste materials are brought and where they are separated. + + scrap dump Area where waste material, especially metal, is dumped. + + reclamation industry Industry for the transformation of solid waste into useful products. + + + + use of waste as energy source + + use of waste as material + + beach cleansing The process of removing dirt, litter or other unsightly materials from shore line property or surrounding areas. + + bulky waste Large items of waste material, such as appliances, furniture, large auto parts, trees, branches, stumps, etc. + alkaline battery A primary cell that uses an alkaline electrolyte, usually potassium hydroxide, and delivers about 1.5 volts at much higher current rates than the common carbon-zinc cell. Also known as alkaline-manganese cell. + + electric battery A direct-current voltage source made up of one or more units that convert chemical, thermal, nuclear, or solar energy into electrical energy. + + pollution abatement waste Wastes resulting from the operations of pollutant removal from industries, cleaning processes, etc. + health-care activities waste + @@ -4098,43 +15860,59 @@ special industrial waste Discarded material produced in any industrial process for which there is no specified mode of disposal. + + + metal waste Metal material discarded during manufacturing or processing operations which cannot be directly fed back into the operation; Worn or discarded metal materials removed from service at the end of its useful life. + mineral waste Waste material resulting from ore extraction that is usually left on the soil surface. + cell (biology) The microscopic functional and structural unit of all living organisms, consisting of a nucleus, cytoplasm, and a limiting membrane. + + wreck The hulk of a wrecked or stranded ship; a ship dashed against rocks or land and broken or otherwise rendered useless. + mineral oil Oil which derives from petroleum and is made up of hydrocarbons. + + + whey The watery liquid that separates from the curd when the milk is clotted, as in making cheese. + + sinking of waste A manner of waste disposal in which refuse or unwanted material is dumped or submerged beneath the surface of a body of water. + + + @@ -4142,21 +15920,29 @@ cell (energy) The basic building block of a battery. It is an electrochemical device consisting of an anode and a cathode in a common electrolyte kept apart with a separator. This assembly may be used in its own container as a single cell battery or be combined and interconnected with other cells in a container to form a multicelled battery. + + residue of grinding Dust or other residue left after reducing a material to very small particles. + treatment residue Material left over from the treatment of any type of waste. + + incineration residue Any material, solid or semisolid, left after processing in a device designed to reduce waste volume by combustion. + + + @@ -4164,81 +15950,114 @@ clearing sludge + + + dehydrated sludge Sludge whose water content has been reduced by physical means. + cellulose The main polysaccharide in living plants, forming the skeletal structure of the plant cell wall; a polymer of beta-D-glucose linked together with the elimination of water to form chains of 2000-4000 units. + + residual waste sludge The excess, unusable semi-solids or sediment resulting from a wastewater treatment or industrial process. + + thickening Any process beyond gravity sedimentation that increases the concentration of solids in sludge with or without the use of chemical flocculants. + + sludge stabilisation Usually anaerobic sludge digestion, a treatment that stabilizes raw sludge. Fully digested sludge has little readily biodegradable organic matter. It is not smelly and about 50% of the solids are inorganic. Sludge can also be digested aerobically. + + cellulose industry + + + industrial activity Operations, functions and processes involved in industrial production. + + industrial wasteland Area of land which is no longer usable for cultivation or for any other purpose after having been the site of an industrial plant. + + + + classified facility Facility that is forbidden to be disclosed outside a specified ring of secrecy for reasons of national security. + cement A dry powder made from silica, alumina, lime, iron oxide, and magnesia which hardens when mixed with water; used as an ingredient in concrete. + + quartering The act of dismembering the carcass of an animal with the production of organic waste which if improperly disposed cause problems of pollution and fawl smells. + piggery A place where pigs are kept and reared. + + + cement industry Industry for the production of cement. The emissions of most relevance from this sector are atmospheric: dust, carbon dioxide and nitrogen oxides are the most important. Cement is essential for the construction sector, either directly or mixed with sand or gravel to form concrete. + + + oil production (chain) The petroleum industry is a complex industry utilizing complex combination of interdependent operations engaged in the storage and transportation, separation of crude molecular constituents, molecular cracking, molecular rebuilding and solvent finishing to produce petrochemical products. Treatment may involve oil separation, precipitation, adsorption, and biological treatment. The refining operations can be divided into four major steps: separation, conversion, treating, and blending. The crude oil is first separated into selected fractions (gasoline, kerosine, fuel oil, etc.). Some of the less valuable products such as heavy naphtha, are converted to products with a greater sale value such as gasoline. The final step is the blending of the refined base stocks with each other and various additive to meet final product specifications. The major pollutants emitted are sulphur oxides, nitrogen oxides, hydrocarbons, carbon monoxide, and malodorous materials. + + @@ -4246,11 +16065,18 @@ hydrocarbon storage tank A container or a reservoir for the storage of hydrocarbons. + + + drilling for oil Boring a hole for extracting oil. + + + + @@ -4258,47 +16084,62 @@ cement manufacture Cement is produced by heating a mixture of clay or shale plus chalk or lime in a rotary kiln up to 250 m long per 8 m diameter rotating at 1 rpm. The process can be wet, semi-dry or dry and the fuel can be pulverized coal, oil or gas. As the coal ash is similar in composition to the clay or shale, it can stay in the cement clinker. As one of the kiln operator's major costs is fuel and even a modest sized kiln can consume 8-10 tons of coal per hour, the cement kiln could, therefore, solve a disposal problem and also benefit the cement manufacturer by reducing fuel costs. + + aggregate extraction Extraction of crushed rock or gravel screened to sizes for use in road surfaces, concretes, or bituminous mixes. + + mechanical industry A sector of the economy in which an aggregate of enterprises is engaged in the design, manufacture and marketing of mechanical apparatuses for commercial or industrial usage. + + timber producing chain All interrelated steps of the lumber manufacturing process including tree felling, the removal of tops, branches and bark, the piling and sawing of logs, and the transportation and loading of finished boards or other products. + packing industry + + Central Africa A geographic region of the African continent close to the equator that includes Cameroon, Chad, Equatorial Guinea, Gabon, the Central African Republic and the Democratic Republic of Congo. + Central America A narrow continental region of the Western hemisphere, existing as a bridge between North and South America, often considered to be the southern portion of North America, and including countries such as Guatemala, Belize, El Salvador, Honduras, Nicaragua, Costa Rica and Panama. + Central Asia A geographic region of the Asian continent between the Caspian Sea on the west and China on the east, extending northward into the central region of Russia and southward to the northern borders of Iran and Afghanistan, and comprised of independent former republics of the Soviet Union, including Kazakstan, Uzbekistan, Turkmenistan, Kyrgyzstan and Tajikistan. + biofiltration The distribution of settled sewage on a bed of inert granular material through which it is allowed to percolate. In doing so, the effluent is aerated thus allowing aerobic bacteria and fungi to reduce its biochemical oxygen demand. + + + @@ -4306,11 +16147,14 @@ dechlorination Removal of chlorine from a substance. + + engineering The science by which the properties of matter and the sources of power in nature are made useful to humans in structures, machines, and products. + @@ -4330,34 +16174,52 @@ methanisation The process of deriving methane from any source, including livestock manure, landfills, coal mines, etc. + + + central government A system in which a governing or administrative body has a certain degree of power or authority to prevail in the management of local, national and international matters. + aerobic treatment The introduction of air into sewage so as to provide aerobic biochemical stabilization during a detention period. + + + advertisement The action of drawing public attention to goods, services or events, often through paid announcements in newspapers, magazines, television or radio. + + anaerobic treatment Breakdown of organic material without the presence of oxygen, a treatment which permanently removes the unpleasant odour of many organic wastes so that they can be used on agricultural land. + + + biological treatment Process that uses microorganisms to decompose organic wastes either into water, carbon dioxide, and simple inorganic substances, or into simpler organic substances, such as aldehydes and acids. The purpose of a biological treatment system is to control the environment for microorganisms so that their growth and activity are enhanced, and provide a means for maintaining high concentration of the microorganisms in contact with the wastes. + + + + + + @@ -4365,6 +16227,11 @@ physicochemical treatment Any processing of wastewater, toxic substances or other materials involving a combination of physical and chemical methods, such as physical processes including air-stripping or filtration and chemical processes including coagulation, chlorination or ozonation. + + + + + @@ -4382,6 +16249,10 @@ physical treatment Processes that separate components of a waste stream or change the physical form of the waste without altering the chemical structure of the constituent materials. Physical treatment techniques are often used to separate the materials within the waste stream so that they can be reused or detoxified by chemical or biological treatment or destroyed by high-temperature incineration. + + + + @@ -4398,78 +16269,105 @@ primary treatment Removal of floating solids and suspended solids, both fine and coarse, from raw sewage. + + secondary treatment Stage of the process of waste water treatment: following primary treatment by sedimentation, the second step in most wastewater systems in which biological organisms decompose most of the organic matter into a innocuous, stable form. + + tertiary treatment The process which remove pollutants not adequately removed by secondary treatment, particularly nitrogen and phosphorus; accomplished by means of sand filters, microstraining, or other methods (referring to wastewater treatment). + + centralisation + vitrification Formation of a glassy or noncrystalline material. + + centrifugation Separation of particles from a suspension in a centrifuge: balanced tubes containing the suspension are attached to the opposite ends of arms rotating rapidly about a central point; the suspended particles are forced outwards, and collect at the bottoms of the tubes. + cephalopod Exclusively marine animals constituting the most advanced class of the Mollusca, including squid, octopuses, and Nautilus. + underground quarry Quarry located below the surface of the earth. + + + ceramics The art and techniques of producing articles of clay, porcelain, etc. + geotechnics The application of scientific methods and engineering principles to civil engineering problems through acquiring, interpreting, and using knowledge of materials of the crust of the earth. + rock mechanics The theoretical and applied science of the physical behavior of rocks, representing a "branch of mechanics concerned with the response of rock to the force fields of its physical environment". + ceramics industry Manufacturing plant producing ceramic items. + + bush clearing The removal of brush using mechanical means, either by cutting manually or by using machinery for crushing, rolling, flailing, or chipping it, or by chemical means or a combination of these. + + prevention of forest fires Precautionary actions, measures or installations implemented to avert the possibility of an unexpected conflagration of any large wooded area having a thick growth of trees and plants. + + + flood protection Precautionary measures, equipment or structures implemented to guard or defend people, property and lands from an unusual accumulation of water above the ground. + + + @@ -4480,38 +16378,52 @@ land restoration in mountain areas Measures adopted to control erosion and degradation phenomena in the mountain regions caused by the loss of forest cover due to acid rain, uncontrolled forest cutting, winter skiing resorts construction, etc. + + + + soil stability Soil stability depends on its shear strength, its compressibility and its tendency to absorb water. Stabilization methods include physical compaction and treatment with cement, lime, and bitumen. + volcanology The branch of geology that deals with volcanism. + + antiseismic regulation Rules for minimizing or containing the risks deriving from earthquakes. + + cetacean Aquatic mammals, including the whales, dolphins, and porpoises. + civil safety Actions and measures undertaken, often at a local level, to ensure that citizens of a community are secure from harm, injury, danger or risk. + industrial safety Measures or techniques implemented to reduce the risk of injury, loss and danger to persons, property or the environment in any facility or place involving the manufacturing, producing and processing of goods or merchandise. + + + @@ -4520,11 +16432,15 @@ risk exposure The situation or set of circumstances where the probability of harm to an area or its population increases beyond a normal level. + hazard area Any site or region in which there is a physical or chemical agent capable of causing harm to property, persons, animals, plants or other natural resources. + + + @@ -4536,6 +16452,7 @@ technological accident An unexpected incident, failure or loss occurring through the application of practical or mechanical sciences to industry or commerce that poses potential harm to persons, property or the environment. + @@ -4544,16 +16461,20 @@ Chagas' disease A form of trypanosomiasis found in South America, caused by the protozoan Trypanosoma cruzi, characterized by fever and often inflammation of the hearth muscle. + ecocatastrophe A sudden, widespread disaster or calamity causing extensive damage to the environment that threatens the quality of life for people living in the affected area or region, potentially leading to many deaths. + nuclear hazard Risk or danger to human health or the environment posed by radiation emanating from the atomic nuclei of a given substance, or the possibility of an uncontrolled explosion originating from a fusion or fission reaction of atomic nuclei. + + @@ -4562,40 +16483,58 @@ chain management The administration, organization and planning for the flow of materials or merchandise through various stages of production and distribution, involving a network of vendors, suppliers, manufacturers, distributors, retailers and other trading partners. + major risk installation Installations whose functioning involves the possibility of major hazards such as chemical plants, nuclear, coal and oil power production plants, etc. + + dangerous installation Installations whose functioning involves the possibility of major hazards such as chemical plants, nuclear, coal and oil power production plants, etc. + + + biotechnological hazard A danger to humans, animals or the environment posed by the application of advanced biological techniques in the manufacture of industrial products, such as the risk or harm that results from exposure to infectious bacteria, viruses or fungi. + + nuclear risk A risk connected to the functioning of nuclear power plants, by the storage or transportation of radioactive materials and involving the release of potentially dangerous levels of radioactive materials into the environment. + + + + dangerous materials transport Type of transport regulated by special safety rules. + + + disaster zone Zone that has been stricken by a disaster and where measures must be taken to reduce the severity of the human and material damage caused by it. + + + @@ -4603,27 +16542,37 @@ change in value + + danger analysis The process of evaluating the scale and probability of harm caused by any hazard to persons, property or the environment. + preventive information Data communicated or received concerning the recommended means of averting risk of an accident, disaster or other undesirable and avoidable incident. + + + risk exposure plan A scheme or method of acting that takes effect if the probability of harm to an area or its population increases beyond a normal level. + channelling Any system of distribution canals or conduits for water, gas, electricity, or steam. + + + @@ -4632,6 +16581,9 @@ damage insurance A commercial product which provides a guarantee against damage to property in return for premiums paid. + + + @@ -4640,11 +16592,17 @@ pollution insurance A commercial agreement which provides protection against the risks, or a particular risk, associated with pollution, toxic waste disposal or related concerns. + + + + water damage Water damage can be caused by flooding, severe storms, tidal waves, seismic seawaves, storm surges, etc. + + @@ -4652,6 +16610,7 @@ damage assessment The evaluation or determination of losses, harm and injuries to persons, property or the environment. + @@ -4659,30 +16618,42 @@ product advertising The creation and dissemination of paid announcements or public notices to draw attention to goods, services or events offered by some entity, usually for purchase. + + charcoal A porous solid product containing 85-98% carbon and produced by heating carbonaceous materials such as cellulose, wood or peat at 500-600 C° in the absence of air. + + appraisal An expert or official valuation. + compensation for damage Equivalent in money or other form for a loss sustained for an injury, for property taken, etc. + + + negotiable charge + + + public institution Institution for the management of public issues. + @@ -4691,27 +16662,32 @@ public institution of administrative nature Public institution for the management of administrative issues. + public institution of industrial and commercial nature Public institution for the management of industrial and commercial issues. + map chart A map, generally designed for navigation or other particular purposes, in which essential map information is combined with various other data critical to the intended use. + consultancy The position or practice of a qualified person paid for advice or services. + chelicerate A subphylum of the phylum Artrophoda; chelicerae are characteristically modified as pincers. + @@ -4719,115 +16695,149 @@ patent A grant of right to exclude others from making, using or selling one's invention and includes right to license others to make, use or sell it. + chemical analysis The complex of operations aiming to determine the kinds of constituents of a given substance. + + press release An official statement or announcement distributed to members of the media by a public relations firm, government agency or some other organization, often to supplement or replace an oral presentation. + speech An address or form of oral communication in which a speaker makes his thoughts and emotions known before an audience, often for a given purpose. + + chemical composition The nature and proportions of the elements comprising a chemical compound. + environmental study A document submitted by an applicant in support of an undertaking which identifies the environmental impacts of the proposed undertaking and its alternatives. + + absorption (exposure) The taking in of fluids or other substances by cells or tissues. + + advice An official notice, opinion, counsel or recommendation that is optional or at the receiver's discretion. + + cinematographic film Any motion picture of a story, drama, episode or event, often considered as an art form or used as a medium for entertainment. + + documentary film Any motion picture or movie in which an actual event, era or life story is presented factually, with little or no fiction. + + flora (document) A work systematically describing the flora of a particular region, listed by species and considered as a whole. + + report to the minister A written account or statement describing in detail observations or the results of an inquiry into an event or situation and presented to any person appointed or elected to a high-level position within some political entity. + parliamentary report A written account describing in detail observations or the results of an inquiry into an event or situation and presented to an official, deliberative body with legislative powers. + + statutory text A document or a portion thereof expressing an official enactment of a legislative body, with emphasis on the document's precise wording or language. + thesis A dissertation on a particular subject, in which original research has been done, usually by a candidate for a diploma or degree, or a proposition put forward for consideration, to be discussed and proved or maintained against objections. + chemical decontamination Removal of chemical substances from a building, a watercourse, a person's clothes, etc. + + + CD-ROM A compact disc on which a large amount of digitalised read-only data can be stored. + information centre Any facility devoted to the collection, maintenance and distribution of materials or data compiled to convey knowledge on some subject, often with trained staff persons available to answer questions. + chemical engineering The branch of engineering concerned with industrial manufacture of chemical products. It is a discipline in which the principles of mathematical, physical and natural sciences are used to solve problems in applied chemistry. Chemical engineers design, develop, and optimise processes and plants, operate them, manage personnel and capital, and conduct research necessary for new developments. Through their efforts, new petroleum products, plastics, agricultural chemicals, house-hold products, pharmaceuticals, electronic and advanced materials, photographic materials, chemical and biological compounds, various food and other products evolve. + technical information Factual data, knowledge or instructions relating to scientific research or the development, testing, evaluation, production, use or maintenance of equipment. + chemical fallout The sedimentation of chemical substances accumulated in the atmosphere as a result of industrial emissions. + + information network A system of interrelated persons and/or devices linked to permit the exchange of data or knowledge. + @@ -4836,6 +16846,9 @@ chemical fertiliser Fertilizer manufactured from chemicals; excessive use of them can cause pollution, when all the chemicals are not taken up by the plants and the excess is leached out of the soil into rivers and may cause algal bloom. + + + @@ -4846,6 +16859,7 @@ assay Qualitative or quantitative determination of the components of a material, such as an ore or a drug. + @@ -4853,6 +16867,8 @@ method A way of proceeding or doing something, especially a systematic or regular one. + + @@ -4866,6 +16882,7 @@ iron and steel industry Sector of the metallurgical industry dealing with the production of cast iron, steel and iron alloys. Emissions from these industries tend to settle quickly from the atmosphere and can lead to rising concentrations in the soil. The main raw material input to the production process is iron ore. Also recycled scrap is used. + @@ -4873,6 +16890,9 @@ chemical industry Industry related with the production of chemical compounds. The chemical processing industry has a variety of special pollution problems due to the vast number of products manufactured. The treatment processes combine processing, concentration, separation, extraction, by-product recovery, destruction, and reduction in concentration. The wastes may originate from solvent extraction, acid and caustic wastes, overflows, spills, mechanical loss, etc. + + + @@ -4883,6 +16903,9 @@ urban habitat The resulting effects and interrelationships of human population concentrations, the built environment, and the biophysical environment. + + + @@ -4890,11 +16913,16 @@ wild fauna Not domesticated animals living independently of man. + land management and planning Operations for preparing and controlling the implementation of plans for organizing human activities on land. + + + + @@ -4905,54 +16933,73 @@ rural habitat The biotopes located in areas where agriculture is practiced. + + + + groundwater quality Groundwater accounts for over 95% of the earth's useable fresh-water resources; over half the world's population depends on groundwater for drinking-water supplies. This invisible resource is vulnerable to pollution and over-exploitation. Effective conservation of groundwater supplies requires the integration of land-use and water management. + + target setting Establishing or determining environmental goals or objectives. + + chemical installation Building where chemicals are manufactured. + + + ontogenesis The entire sequence of events involved in the development of an individual organism. + land tax Property tax. A tax laid upon the legal or beneficial owner of real property, and apportioned upon the assessed value of his land. + + open lawn Any relatively unobstructed field of cultivated and mown grass, especially near a house or in a park. + biological cycle A series of transformations or biological events which follow one after the other one, reaching at the end of the cycle the initial conditions, as in the life cycle of many animal and plant organisms. + chemical oceanography + human habitat Any of the conditions in which people live. Also all human settlements in villages, towns or major cities, which require environmental management to provide water, public spaces, remove public wastes, etc. + + @@ -4960,37 +17007,52 @@ urban concentration A process in which an increasing proportion of a country's population is concentrated in urban areas. + + home garden A plot of cultivated ground adjacent to a dwelling and usually devoted in whole or in part to the growing of herbs, fruits, flowers, or vegetables for household use. + + + + photography The process of forming visible images directly or indirectly by the action of light or other forms of radiation on sensitive surfaces. + + bottle cap + + + iron scrap Waste pieces or disused articles of wrought iron (wrought-iron scrap) suitable for reworking for rolling or forging. + + voting The act of formally expressing an opinion or choice in some matter or for some candidate, usually by voice or ballot. + agricultural structure The buildings, machinery, facilities, related to agricultural production. + @@ -4999,11 +17061,13 @@ budget policy The programmatic use of a government's spending and revenue-generating activities to influence the economy and achieve specific objectives. + chemical pest control Control of plants and animals classified as pests by means of chemical compounds. + @@ -5013,11 +17077,13 @@ co-operation policy Political course of action aiming at establishing trade agreements among the states. + international balance A system in which nations or blocs of nations strive to maintain an equilibrium of power to prevent dominance by any single nation or to reduce conflict or the possibility of war. + @@ -5025,6 +17091,8 @@ Community finance The financial resources or income of the European Community, a body of people organized into a political unity. + + @@ -5032,6 +17100,7 @@ organisation of the legal system The specific manner, form and institutions by which a government's ability to make, enforce and interpret laws are brought together into a coordinated whole. + @@ -5040,6 +17109,8 @@ rights 1) Title to or an interest in any property. 2) Any interest or privilege recognized and protected by law. + + @@ -5050,6 +17121,7 @@ economic structure The underlying framework, including transportation and communications systems, industrial facilities, education and technology, that enables a country or region to produce goods, services and other resources with exchange value. + @@ -5057,18 +17129,22 @@ distributive trade Distribution of material goods to consumers, through retailing and wholesaling. + + monetary relations The different modes in which countries, nations, etc., are brought together by financial, currency, or pecuniary interests. + monetary economics The study, policies or system of institutions and procedures by which a country or region's commerce is supplied with notes, coins, bank deposits or other equivalent mediums of exchange. + @@ -5078,27 +17154,33 @@ free movement of capital The unrestrained flow of cash, funds, and other means of wealth between countries with different currencies. + social framework The underlying structure that connects and supports the various members and parts of a community or human organization. + social protection The monies and programs a society enacts through either public or private entities to provide economic security and general welfare for its members, often on account of old age, unemployment, health, disability or death of a spouse, parent or other benefactor. + organisation of teaching A group or association of persons united to address the concerns, methods and professional status of instructors or educators. + business organisation A particular legal arrangement for owning a firm, the principal forms are sale trades, partnerships and companies/corporations; collective term for the system, function, process of planning, providing, coordinating, directing all efforts and resources in a business in order to achieve its goals. + + @@ -5108,52 +17190,71 @@ chemical plant Plants where basic raw materials are chemically converted into a variety of products. + + + + business classification The categorization of enterprises or organizations involved in an economy. + + legal form of organisations The type, structure or purpose of an institution as arranged, required and defined by local or national laws to determine the appropriate governmental regulations, privileges and tax status applicable to that institution. + cultivation of agricultural land Cultivation of land for the production of plant crops. Agricultural land may be employed in an unimproved state with few, if any, management inputs (extensive rangeland), or in an intensively managed state with annual inputs of fertilizer, pest, control treatments, and tillage. + means of agricultural production + processed agricultural produce + + agri-foodstuff Industry dealing with the production, processing, and supply of agricultural food products. + + chemical policy + + economic geography The geography of people making a living, dealing with the spatial patterns of production, distribution and consumption of goods and services. The development of economic geography over the past three decades has witnessed the substitution of analysis for description, leading to an identification of the factors and an understanding of the processes affecting the spatial differentiation of economic activities over the earth's surface. + + + credit The financial facility or system by which goods and services are provided in return for deferred, instead of immediate, payment. + @@ -5163,15 +17264,20 @@ freedom The quality or state of being free, especially to enjoy political and civil liberties. + industrial structure + + chemical pollutant + + @@ -5181,26 +17287,36 @@ stock (trade) Stored products ready for sale. + + sterilisation (biological) Procedure by which a human or other animal is made incapable of reproduction. + + + environmental economics of firms The use of financial resources for the purpose of incorporating ecological principles in the operations of businesses and companies. + + yield (agricultural) The accumulated volume or biomass remaining from gross production after accounting for losses due to respiration during production, herbivory, litterfall, and other factors that decrease the remaining available biomass. + environmental problem solving The activity of finding solutions for troublesome or perplexing situations involving ecological or natural resources. + + @@ -5210,18 +17326,25 @@ fodder plant Plants used to feed livestock. + + + industrial plant (organism) Plants employed in industry, e.g. cotton, flax, hemp, peanuts, etc. + + chemical pollution Pollution caused by substances of chemical nature, including chlorinated hydrocarbon pesticides, polychlorinated biphenyls, metals as mercury, lead, cadmium, arsenic, etc. + + @@ -5230,23 +17353,28 @@ textile plant Plant producing material suitable to be made into cloths. + + tropical plant Plants growing in tropical areas in conditions of constant rain and high temperature. + agricultural real estate Property of agricultural land and anything permanently affixed to the land, such as buildings, fences, etc. + agricultural holding As defined by the United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization, an agricultural holding is simply a basic unit for agricultural production. + @@ -5254,36 +17382,50 @@ type of tenure The manner in which land is owned and possessed, i.e. of title to its use. + + geophysical environment The physical earth and its surroundings, consisting of the oceans and inland waters, lower and upper atmosphere, space, land masses and land forms. + petrochemical Chemicals manufactured from the products of oil refineries, based largely on ethylene, propylene and butylene produced in the cracking of petrol fractions. + + speciality chemical Various fine chemical products like glue, adhesives, resins, rubber, plastic compounds, selective herbicide, etc. + + protein product + + processed foodstuff Food which has been treated to improve its appearance or to prevent it going bad. + + aeration Exposition to the action of air. + + + @@ -5291,6 +17433,7 @@ chemical process The particular method of manufacturing or making a chemical usually involving a number of steps or operations. + @@ -5302,22 +17445,27 @@ convenience food Food so prepared and presented as to be easily and quickly ready for consumption. + mining product + + root crop Plants which store edible material in a root, corm or tuber; root crops used as food vegetables or fodder include carrots, parsnips, swedes and turnips; starchy root crops include potatoes, cassavas and yams. + cultivation system Any overall structure or set-up used to organize the activity of preparing land or soil for the growth of new crops, or the activity of promoting or improving the growth of existing crops. + @@ -5326,6 +17474,7 @@ crop production The act or process of yielding produce from farmland, for livestock or human consumption. + @@ -5334,22 +17483,30 @@ fisheries structure Refers to all the structures (fishing vessels, trawling nets, factory ships, catcher boats, etc.) used in fishing industry. + fishing ground Area of sea or freshwater where fish are caught. + coal industry Industry related with the technical and mechanical activity of removing coal from the earth and preparing it for market. + + + energy industry Industry which converts various types of fuels as well as solar, water, tidal, and geothermal energy into other energy forms for a variety of household, commercial, transportation, and industrial application. + + + @@ -5358,39 +17515,54 @@ - communications industry + communication industry + + + + information technology industry A sector of the economy in which an aggregate of commercial enterprises is engaged in the design, manufacture and marketing of electronic machines designed to accept information or data that is easily manipulated for some result based on a program or some set of instructions, and the technology or materials used with these machines, such as storage devices, terminals and peripheral equipment. + + + vacuum industry + + preparation for market The containment, protection, handling and presentation of goods for the market. + + precision engineering Research and development, design, manufacture and measurement of high accuracy components and systems. It is related to mechanical, electronic, optical and production engineering, physics, chemistry, and computer and materials science. + + materials technology Any technical means or equipment used for the production and optimization of material goods that consist of any of a diverse range of properties, either alone or in combination, such as glass, metal, plastics and ceramics. + chemical property Properties of a substance depending on the arrangement of the atoms in the molecule, e.g. bio-availability, degradability, persistence, etc. + @@ -5409,34 +17581,41 @@ military equipment Equipment necessary to the performance of military activities, either combat or noncombat. + audiovisual equipment Equipment designed to aid in learning and teaching by making use of both hearing and sight. + machinery A group of parts or machines arranged to perform a useful function. + mechanical equipment Machines and tools employed in manual and mechanical labour. + pressure equipment Equipment operating with an internal pressure greater than atmospheric. + thermal equipment Equipment related to the production of heat. + + @@ -5450,34 +17629,48 @@ industrial manufacturing To make or process (a raw material) into a finished product, especially by means of a large-scale industrial operation. + + size of business + + business activity Any profit-seeking undertaking or venture that involves the production, sale and purchase of goods or services. + + branch of activity A specialized division of a business or other organization. + + administrative occupation + + building service The aggregation of services, including construction, development, maintenance and leasing, performed for human-occupied properties, such as office buildings and apartment houses. + + mode of transportation Type of vehicle used for moving from one place to the other. + + @@ -5485,11 +17678,15 @@ destination of transport The targeted place to which persons, materials or commodities are conveyed over land, water or through the air. + degradation of the environment The process by which the environment is progressively contaminated, overexploited and destroyed. + + + @@ -5505,12 +17702,15 @@ Community budget A schedule of revenues and expenditures for a specific time period that is devised by the European Community, a body of people organized into a political unity. + + economic support Any form of financial assistance or inducement for persons or institutions. + @@ -5518,11 +17718,13 @@ accounting system The system of setting up, maintaining, and auditing the books of a firm and of analyzing its financial status and operating results. + chemical reaction A change in which a substance is transformed into one or more new substances. + @@ -5544,16 +17746,21 @@ economic forecasting The production of estimates of future financial and commercial trends, based on econometric models or surveys. + customs tariff An official list or schedule setting forth the duties imposed by a government on imported or exported goods. + + commercial transaction The conduct or carrying on of trade, business or a financial matter to a conclusion or settlement. + + @@ -5563,94 +17770,122 @@ pay policy A course of action or procedure regarding compensation or recompensation for work done or services rendered. + + European Monetary System An organization established in Europe in 1979 to coordinate financial policy and exchange rates for the continent by running the Exchange Rate Mechanism (ERM) and assisting movement toward a common European currency and a central European bank. + money market A financial market that trades Treasury bills, commercial paper and other short-term financial instruments. This market is often used by businesses when they need short-term funds to bridge the gap between paying operating costs and collecting revenue from product sales. As such, the term "money" in money market indicates that businesses are using highly liquid instruments to raise the money need for operating expenses. + exchange policy Course of action or procedure by government, business, or an individual concerning trade activities. + credit policy An official course of action adopted by a business, financial institution or state to regulate, restrict or increase deferred payment arrangements for goods, services or money. + + public debt The total amount of all government securities outstanding. This is also frequently termed government debt. + tax on consumption A sum of money demanded from businesses by a government, usually based on a percentage of total sales of select goods and services, and generally passed on to consumers with each individual purchase. + + tax on capital A government imposed levy on the wealth or assets gained by an individual, firm, or corporation for the purpose of raising revenue to pay for services or improvements for the general public benefit. + income tax A tax on the annual profits arising from property, business pursuits, professions, trades or offices. + + taxation policy The use of government tax and spending policies to achieve desired macroeconomic goals. Accordingly, they involve discretionary efforts to adjust governmental tax and spending to induce changes in economic incentives and, hence, to stabilize fluctuations in aggregate demand. + + farm price The amount of money or monetary rate at which agricultural goods and services can be bought or sold. + + market price The price actually given in current market dealings; the actual price at which given stock or commodity is currently sold in the usual and ordinary course of trade and competition between sellers and buyers. + transport cost The outlay or expenditure involved in moving goods from one place to another. + + prices policy The guiding procedure, philosophy, or course of action for decisions regarding the monetary rate or value for goods and services. + + economic concentration The extent to which a market is taken up by producers within a given industry. + company structure The type of organization of a company. Three kinds of structure are usually recognized: centralized, formal or hierarchical. + + chemical risk Probability of harm to human health, property or the environment posed by contact with any substance of a defined molecular composition. + + financial management The management of acquisitions and the use of long- and short-term capital by a business. + @@ -5658,6 +17893,7 @@ management accounting The collection and processing of financial information to assist with the handling, direction, or control of an organization. + @@ -5665,6 +17901,8 @@ business policy The guiding procedure, philosophy or course of action for an enterprise or company organized for commercial purposes. + + @@ -5672,37 +17910,47 @@ restriction on competition Article 85(1) of the EEC Treaty prohibits all agreements between undertakings, decisions by associations of undertakings and concerted practices which may affect trade between member states and which have as their object or effect the prevention, restriction or distortion of competition within the common market. All such arrangements are automatically null and void under Article 85(2), unless exempted by the Commission pursuant to Article 85(3). The text of Article 85 is as follows: "1. The following shall be prohibited as incompatible with the common market: all agreements between undertakings, decisions by associations of undertakings and concerted practices which may affect trade between member states and which have as their object or effect the prevention, restriction or distortion of competition within the common market, and in particular those which: (a) directly or indirectly fix purchase or selling prices or any other trading conditions; (b) limit or control production, markets, technical development, or investment; (c) share markets or sources of supply; (d) apply dissimilar conditions to equivalent transactions with other trading parties, thereby placing them at a competitive disadvantage; (e) make the conclusion of contracts subject to acceptance by the other parties of supplementary obligations which, by their nature or according to commercial usage, have no connection with the subject of such contracts. + + private international law The part of the national law of a country that establishes rules for dealing with cases involving a foreign element. + public international law The general rules and principles pertaining to the conduct of nations and of international organizations and with the relations among them. + international economic law The recognized rules guiding the commercial relations of at least two sovereign states or private parties involved in cross-border transactions, including regulations for trade, finance and intellectual property. + + criminal liability + public contract Any contract in which there are public funds provided though private persons may perform the contract and the subject of the contract may ultimately benefit private persons. + chemical Any substance used in or resulting from a reaction involving changes to atoms or molecules. + + @@ -5733,16 +17981,21 @@ customs regulation A body of rules or orders generally issued by the executive authority of a government to establish and direct the taxes, duties or tariffs payable upon merchandise exported or imported. + + family law Branch of specialty of law, also denominated "domestic relations" law, concerned with such subjects as adoption, annulment, divorce, separation, paternity, custody, support and child care. + traffic regulation A body of rules or orders prescribed by government or management for the safe and orderly movement of vehicles on land, sea or in the air. + + @@ -5750,69 +18003,88 @@ regulation of agricultural production A body of rules or orders prescribed by government, management or an international organization or treaty pertaining to the cultivation of land, raising crops, or feeding, breeding and raising livestock. + law relating to prisons Binding rules and regulations pertaining to the construction, use and operation of jails, penitentiaries and other places of legal confinement and punishment. + estate rental The service provided by an owner agreeing to grant the temporary possession of specific housing in return for the payment of rent from the tenant. + + + data processing law + + competition law That part of the law dealing with matters such as those arising from monopolies and mergers, restrictive trading agreements, resale price maintenance and agreements involving distortion of competition affected by EU rules. + restrictive trade practice Business operation or action that confines or limits the free exchange of goods and services within a country or between countries, which may include discrimination, exclusive dealings, collusion agreements or price fixing. + + EC Treaty + chemicals act + + transport regulation A rule or order prescribed by government or management for the safe and orderly conveyance of persons, materials or commodities over land, water or through the air. + + Community legal system The directly applicable legislation of the European Community regulating the relations of member states. + Community act + ruling A judicial or administrative interpretation of a provision of a statute, order, regulation, or ordinance. May also refer to judicial determination of admissibility of evidence, allowance of motion, etc. + legal procedure Term includes all proceedings authorised or sanctioned by law, and brought or instituted in a court of legal tribunal, for the acquiring of a right or the enforcement of a remedy. + @@ -5825,21 +18097,25 @@ access to the courts The right of citizens to access to the organs of the governments where justice is administered. + organisation (law) Term used in commercial law, including a corporation, government or governmental subdivision or agency, business trust, estate, trust, partnership or association, two or more persons having a joint or common interest, or any other legal or commercial entity. + legal profession A body of persons whose occupation is concerned with advising clients in matters of law, representing them in court or assisting them through the judicial process, including, in the first instance, lawyers and, by extension, judges, legal assistants and court employees. + legal system The organization and network of courts and other institutions, procedures and customs, officers and other personnel concerned with interpretation and enforcement of a country's law or with advice and assistance in matters pertaining to those laws. + @@ -5847,6 +18123,7 @@ administrative organisation + @@ -5861,6 +18138,8 @@ legislative procedure Any prescribed step or manner of proceeding that a law making body takes in proposing laws, resolutions or special acts before they can be enacted or passed. + + @@ -5871,6 +18150,7 @@ management technique systematic approach or method of performance for the accomplishment of administrative goals or tasks. + @@ -5880,6 +18160,7 @@ institutional structure An organization's complex system of mutually connected and dependent elements or parts, which make up a definite manner of arrangement. + @@ -5895,56 +18176,70 @@ institutional activity The specific tasks, undertakings or functions that governments, businesses and other organizations perform. + common commercial policy The set of uniform trade principles or practices established by an European Community customs union, which implements common tariff rates, tariff and trade agreements with non-member countries, import and export policies, and export promotion. + common tariff policy A course of action adopted and pursued by member countries, in which it is agreed to impose a system of duties or tax charges on imports from non-member countries. + research policy + construction policy A course of action adopted and pursued by government, business or some other organization, which plans or organizes for the maintenance, development and erection of houses, offices, bridges or other building structures. + - communications policy + communication policy Measures and practices adopted by governments relating to the management of communication media. + production policy Measures and activities promoted by governments aiming at the structural definition of the productive apparatus. + + chemical in the environment The presence in the environment of any solid, liquid or gaseous material discharged from a process and that may pose substantial hazard to human health and the environment. + + space policy A course of action adopted and pursued by government or some other organization, which seeks to support research and the exploration of planets, asteroids and other elements in the region beyond earth's atmosphere or beyond the solar system. + economic region A district or an administrative division of a city or territory that is designed according to some material, distributive or productive criteria. + + aid policy A course of action adopted and pursued by government or some other organization that promotes or determines the allocation of assistance, support or relief, often from one country to another. + @@ -5956,27 +18251,34 @@ humanitarian aid The support or relief given to save human lives or to alleviate suffering, including public health efforts and the provision of financial resources and food, often when governmental authorities are unable or unwilling to provide for such assistance. + international conflict A controversy, disagreement, quarrel or warfare between or among two or more nations or countries, often requiring involvement or monitoring by other members of the global community. + peacekeeping The activities to prevent, contain, moderate and/or terminate the hostilities between or within States, through the medium of an impartial third party intervention, organised and directed internationally. This intervention is conducted using military forces, police and civilians with the consent of the main belligerents, to complement the diplomatic conflict resolution process and, to restore and maintain peace. + pollution control measure Procedure or course of action taken to curb or reduce human-made or human-alteration of the physical, biological, chemical and radiological integrity of air, water and other media. + + + level of education A position along a scale of increasingly advanced training marking the degree or grade of instruction either obtained by an individual, offered by a some entity or necessary for a particular job or task. + @@ -5995,32 +18297,40 @@ general education Informal learning or formal instruction with broad application to human existence beyond the domain of any particular subject or discipline, often equated with liberal arts in the university setting and contrasted to courses required for a specific major or program. + schoolwork The material studied in or for an educational institution, comprising homework and work done in the classroom. + school life Any part or the sum of experiences had while attending an instructional institution, or the amount of time spent in such a program. + teaching material An article or device used to facilitate the learning process in an instructional setting. + + documentary system A coordinated assemblage of people, devices or other resources providing written, printed or digitized items that furnish or substantiate information or evidence. + means of communication The agents, instruments, methods or resources used to impart or interchange thoughts, opinions or information. + + @@ -6028,13 +18338,16 @@ - communications system + communication system A coordinated assemblage of people, devices or other resources designed to exchange information and data by means of mutually understood symbols. + + data processing system An assembly of computer hardware, firmware and software configured for the purpose of performing various operations on digital information elements with a minimum of human intervention. + @@ -6042,31 +18355,42 @@ social analysis + + behavioural science The study of the behaviour of organisms. + + health care profession + + testing of chemicals The determination of the efficacy and the toxicity of chemical products. + artificial reproductive technique + animal health + + + @@ -6075,83 +18399,109 @@ war victim A person that suffers from the destructive action undertaken as a result of an armed conflict between two or more parties, particularly death, injury, hardship, loss of property or dislocation. + + internal migration A population shift occurring within national or territorial boundaries, often characterized by persons seeking labor opportunities in more advantageous areas. + geographical distribution of population The number of inhabitants in or spread across designated subdivisions of an area, region, city or country. + + composition of population The constituent groupings and proportions of the total inhabitants of a given nation, area, region or city, as seen from various perspectives. + rights of the individual Just claims, legal guarantees or moral principles accorded to each and every member of a group or state, including the freedom to do certain things and the freedom from certain intrusions imposed by the collective body. + + chemical structure The arrangement of atoms in a molecule of a chemical compound. + economic rights The just claims and legal guarantees to access, participate in and profit from the production, distribution and use of property, intellectual property, income and wealth. + + + trend of opinion The general movement, drift or direction of change in a viewpoint collectively and purportedly held by a significant number of people. + political ideology A belief system that explains and justifies a preferred economic and governmental order for society, offers strategies for its maintenance or attainment and helps give meaning to public events, personalities and policies. + marital status The standing of an individual with regard to a legally recognized conjugal relationship, either in the present or past. + socio-cultural group A collection of people who interact and share a sense of unity on account of a common ethnic, ancestral, generational or regional identity. + employment structure The organization and proportions of the various job types and skill levels in an enterprise or economy. + + occupational status + termination of employment The act or instrument by which the binding force of a contract is terminated, irrespective of whether the contract is carried out to the full extent contemplated or is broken off before complete execution. + working population engaged in agriculture The number of a particular region or nation's working population gainfully employed or otherwise occupied with the production of crops, livestock or poultry. + + + leave on social grounds + labour force + + @@ -6159,6 +18509,11 @@ chemical treatment Processes that alter the chemical structure of the constituents of the waste to produce either an innocuous or a less hazardous material. Chemical processes are attractive because they produce minimal air emissions, they can often be carried out on the site of the waste generator, and some processes can be designed and constructed as mobile units. + + + + + @@ -6168,11 +18523,16 @@ chemical treatment of waste + + chemical waste Any by-product of a chemical process, including manufacturing processes. Often this by-product is considered a toxic or polluting substance. + + + @@ -6180,16 +18540,22 @@ chemical weapon Chemical agents of warfare include all gaseous, liquid or solid chemical substances which might be employed because of their direct toxic effects on man and animals. Chemical weapons also include the chemical's precursors, the munitions and devices designed to deliver them, and any equipment specifically designed for their use in warfare. Nerve agents (chemicals of the same family as organophosphorous insecticides) are the most lethal of the classical chemical warfare agents, killing by poisoning the nervous system and disrupting bodily functions. Other chemical weapons include blister agents, vesicants, choking agents, etc. + + + chemisorption The process of chemical adsorption. + chemistry The scientific study of the properties, composition, and structure of matter, the changes in structure and composition of matter, and accompanying energy changes. + + @@ -6204,60 +18570,82 @@ aerial photograph An image of the ground surface made on a light-sensitive material and taken at a high altitude from an aircraft, spacecraft or rocket. + child A person below the age of puberty. + + chimney A vertical structure of brick, masonry, or steel that carries smoke or steam away from a fire, engine, etc. + + camp 1) A place where tents, cabins, or other temporary structures are erected for the use of military troops, for training soldiers, etc. 2) Tents, cabins, etc., used as temporary lodgings by a group of travellers, holiday-makers, Scouts, Gypsies, etc. + bank (land) The sloping side of any hollow in the ground, especially when bordering a river. + + + wood hauling The process of removing forest produce, particularly timber, fuelwood and bamboos, from its place of growth to some permanent or major delivery point, either for further transport or further manufacture, i.e. secondary conversion, or both. + royalty Compensation for the use of a person's property, based on an agreed percentage of the income arising from its use. + chart (act) A formal written record of transactions, proceedings, etc., as of a society, committee, or legislative body. + + + animal excrement Waste matter discharged from the body of an animal. + + + chimney height The appropriate height for chimneys serving industrial combustion plants in order to avoid unacceptable pollution. + + + + allowance + @@ -6265,82 +18653,109 @@ maintenance (technical) The upkeep of industrial facilities and equipment. + paint room A portion of space within a commercial establishment that is used for applying coloring substances to certain products or materials, providing a decorative or protective coating. + + salina A place where crystalline salt deposits are formed or found, such as a salt flat or pan, a salada, or a salt lick. + + hiking trail A trail in the country along which one can walk, usually for pleasure or exercise. + + + overflow (outlet) Any device or structure that conducts excess water or sewage from a conduit or container. + + + cutting (vegetative propagation) In plant propagation, young shoots or stems removed for the purpose of growing new plants by vegetatively rooting the cuttings. + eco-balance An eco-balance refers to the consumption of energy and resources and the pollution caused by the production cycle of a given product. The product is followed throughout its entire life cycle, from the extraction of the raw materials, manufacturing and use, right through to recycling and final handling of waste. + + nitrogen oxide A colorless gas that, at room temperature, reacts with oxygen to form nitrogen dioxide; may be used to form other compounds. + + + oven An enclosed heated compartment usually lined with a refractory material used for drying substances, firing ceramics, heat-treating, etc. + + chiropteran Order of placental mammals comprising the bats having the front limbs modified as wings. + bovine + chloride A compound which is derived from hydrochloric acid and contains the chlorine atom in the -1 oxidation state. + chlorinated hydrocarbon A class of persistent, broad-spectrum insecticides that linger in the environment and accumulate in the food chain. Among them are DDT, aldrin, dieldrin, heptachlor, chlordane, lindane, endrin, mirex, hexachloride, and toxaphene. In insects and other animals these compounds act primarily on the central nervous system. They also become concentrated in the fats of organisms and thus tend to produce fatty infiltration of the heart and fatty degeneration of the liver in vertebrates. In fishes they have the effect of preventing oxygen uptake, causing suffocation. They are also known to slow the rate of photosynthesis in plants. Their danger to the ecosystem resides in their rate stability and the fact that they are broad-spectrum poisons which are very mobile because of their propensity to stick to dust particles and evaporate with water into the atmosphere. + approval + chlorination The application of chlorine to water, sewage or industrial wastes for disinfection or other biological or chemical purposes. + + cleansing The act or process of washing, laundering or removing dirt and other unwanted substances from the surface of an object, thing or place. + @@ -6349,17 +18764,21 @@ chlorine A very reactive and highly toxic green, gaseous element, belonging to the halogen family of substances. It is one of the most widespread elements, as it occurs naturally in sea-water, salt lakes and underground deposits, but usually occurs in a safe form as common salt (NaCl). Commercially it is used in large quantities by the chemical industry both as an element to produce chlorinated organic solvents, like polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), and for the manufacture of polyvinyl chloride plastics, thermoplastic and hypochlorite bleaches. Chlorine was the basis for the organochlorine pesticides, like DDT and other agricultural chemicals that have killed wildlife. The reactivity of chlorine has proved disastrous for the ozone layer and has been the cause of the creation of the ozone hole, which was first detected in the Southern Hemisphere over Antarctica and then over the Northern Hemisphere. + inner city 1) Part of a city at or near the centre, especially a slum area where poor people live in bad housing. 2) City centres of many industrialized countries which exhibit environmental degradation. The numerous and highly competitive activities entailing land use overwhelm the limited space and create a situation of overcrowding, functional incompatibility and cultural degradation. Inner city areas have a high level of commercial specialization, a large number of offices and a sizeable daytime population. At the same time, city centres generally remain a sort of ghetto for a permanent, low-income population living in run-down housing and enjoying little in the way of public services and civic amenities. The concentration of service industries inevitably entails the replacement of traditional housing and shops by office blocks, the provision of basic utilities at the expense of civic amenities and the provision of major access roads which eat up urban space. Structures of historic origin are often unable to meet modern requirements and, notwithstanding their value, frequently face demolition. + + chloroethylene A flammable, explosive gas with an ethereal aroma; soluble in alcohol and ether, slightly soluble in water; boils at -14° C; an important monomer for polyvinyl chloride and its copolymers; used in organic synthesis and in adhesives. + @@ -6367,17 +18786,27 @@ sluice-gate A valve or gate fitted to a sluice to control the rate of flow of water. + + + chlorofluorocarbon Gases formed of chlorine, fluorine, and carbon whose molecules normally do not react with other substances; they are therefore used as spray can propellants because they do not alter the material being sprayed. + + + noise effect + + + + @@ -6385,6 +18814,8 @@ CFC and halons prohibition An interdiction on the manufacture or use of products that discharge chlorofluorocarbons and bromine-containing compounds into the atmosphere, thereby contributing to the depletion of the ozone layer. + + @@ -6392,51 +18823,70 @@ partially halogenated chlorofluorohydrocarbon Hydrocarbons whose hydrogen atoms have been partially substituted with chlorine and fluorine. They are used in refrigeration, air conditioning, packaging, insulation, or as solvents and aerosol propellants. Because they are not destroyed in the lower atmosphere they drift into the upper atmosphere where their chlorine components destroy ozone. + + + chlorophenol Major group of chlorinated hydrocarbons, pesticides and biocides which account for a very high percentage of the non-agricultural pesticide use, such as anti-rotting agents in non-woollen textiles and wood preservatives. The chlorophenols act as biocides by inhibiting the respiration and energy-conversion processes of the microorganisms. They are toxic to man above 40 parts per million, to fish above 1 ppm, whilst concentrations as low as one part per thousand million can taint water. + chlorophyll A green pigment, present in algae and higher plants, that absorbs light energy and thus plays a vital role in photosynthesis. Except in Cyanophyta (blue-green algae), chlorophyll is confined to chloroplasts. There are several types of chlorophyll, but all contain magnesium and iron. Some plants (e.g., brown algae, red algae, copper beech trees) contain additional pigments that masks the green of their chlorophyll. + + deciduous wood + + mixed woodland + + chlorosis A disease condition of green plants seen as yellowing of green parts of the plants. + + penal sanction Punishment for the commission of a specific crime, such as fines, restitution, probation and imprisonment. + coniferous tree + + chromatographic analysis The analysis of chemical substances that are poured into a vertical glass tube containing an adsorbent where the various components of the substance move through the adsorbent at different rates of speed according to their degree of attraction to it, thereby producing bands of color at different levels of the adsorption column. + + chromatography A method of separating and analyzing mixtures of chemical substances by selective adsorption in a column of powder or on a strip of paper. + + @@ -6444,65 +18894,84 @@ chromium A hard grey metallic element that takes a high polish, occurring principally in chromite: used in steel alloys and electroplating to increase hardness and corrosion-resistance. + chrysophyta The golden-brown and orange-yellow algae; a diverse group of microscopically small algae which inhabit fresh and salt water, many being planktonic. They contain carotenoid pigments and may be unicellular, colonial, filamentous or amoeboid. + emergency lodging Housing or dwelling space provided for victims of a sudden, urgent and usually unexpected occurrence, especially when harm has been done to human life, property or the environment. + + + sorting at source The classification and separation of solid waste, according to type, at the location where it is generated. + church A building for religious activities. + + + coastal management Measures by way of planning, prior approval of works, prohibition of some activities, physical structures, and restoration efforts to protect the coastline against the ravages of nature and haphazard and unplanned developments. + ministry building Any structure or edifice occupied by a body of top government administrators or other high ranking public officials selected or appointed by a head of state to manage certain aspects of a state's affairs. + aerial photography + citizen awareness State of citizens of being aware of their civic obligations. + swamp A permanently waterlogged area in which there is often associated tree growth, e.g. mangroves in hot climates. + legislative process The entire course of action necessary to bring a law, resolution or special act to an authoritative, legally binding status. + + + city Term used generically today to denote any urban form but applied particularly to large urban settlements. There are, however, no agreed definitions to separate a city from the large metropolis or the smaller town. + + @@ -6511,63 +18980,86 @@ city centre The central part of a city. + + returnable container Container whose return from the consumer or final user is assured by specific means (separate collection, deposits, etc.), independently on its final destination, in order to be reused, recovered or subjected to specific waste management operations. + waste gas dispersion The process of breaking up and producing a diffuse distribution of the unusable aeriform fluid or suspension of fine particles in air resulting from a manufacturing process or the burning of a substance in an enclosed area. + + intermediate product Product that has undergone a partial processing and is used as raw material in a successive productive step. + + mutagenic substance Agents that induce a permanent change in the genetic material. + + + municipal dumping Place where a town's refuse is disposed of after it has been collected. + + aerobic condition Life common to the majority of animal and plants species requiring the presence of oxygen. + + + civil air traffic Air traffic pertaining to or serving the general public, as distinguished from military air traffic. + teratogenic substance Substances capable of causing abnormal development of the embryo and congenital malformations. + + civil engineering The planning, design, construction, and maintenance of fixed structures and ground facilities for industry, transportation, use and control of water or occupancy. + + civilian protection The organization and measures, usually under governmental or other authority depending on the country, aimed at preventing, abating or fighting major emergencies for the protection of the civilian population and property, particularly in wartime. + + civil law Law inspired by old Roman Law, the primary feature of which was that laws were written into a collection; codified, and not determined, as is common law, by judges. The principle of civil law is to provide all citizens with an accessible and written collection of the laws which apply to them and which judges must follow. + @@ -6576,21 +19068,25 @@ municipal heating network System of heating all houses in a urban district from a central source (as from hot springs in Iceland or by cooling water from a power station). + claim for restitution A legal remedy in which a person or party may demand or assert the right to be restored to a former or original position prior to loss, damage or injury. + class action suits law Legal action initiated by a single person or a few people on behalf of a group with similar claim or claims. + classification An arrangement or organization of persons, items or data elements into groups by reason of common attributes, characteristics, qualities or traits. + @@ -6598,33 +19094,44 @@ clay A loose, earthy, extremely fine-grained, natural sediment or soft rock composed primarily of clay-size or colloidal particles and characterized by high plasticity and by a considerable content of clay mineral and subordinate amounts of finely divided quartz, decomposed feldspar, carbonates, ferruginous matter, and other impurities; it forms a plastic, moldable mass when finely ground and mixed with water, retains its shape on drying, and becomes firm, rocklike and permanently hard on heating or firing. + excise + dipteran + coniferous wood + + cleaning up The process of bringing desert, marsh, sea coast or other waste or unproductive land into use or cultivation. + + + + cleansing department A division, usually within municipal government, responsible for providing services that remove dirt, litter or other unsightly materials from city or town property. + cleansing product + @@ -6632,26 +19139,37 @@ underground railway An electric passenger railway operated in underground tunnels. + government contracting + aerobic process A process requiring the presence of oxygen. + + + clean technology Industrial process which causes little or no pollution. + + + + + genetically modified organism An organism that has undergone external processes by which its basic set of genes has been altered. + @@ -6660,16 +19178,20 @@ pleasure cruising The activity of rowing, sailing or using a boat over a particular region of water, for amusement or enjoyment. + + surface active compound Any soluble substance composed of two or more unlike atoms held together by chemical bonds that reduces interfacial tension between liquids or a liquid and a solid, often used as detergents, wetting agents and emulsifiers. + climate The average weather condition in a region of the world. Many aspects of the Earth's geography affect the climate. Equatorial, or low, latitudes are hotter than the polar latitudes because of the angle at which the rays of sunlight arrive at the Earth's surface. The difference in temperature at the equator and at the poles has an influence on the global circulation of huge masses of air. Cool air at the poles sinks and spreads along the surface of the Earth towards the equator. Cool air forces its way under the lower density warmer air in the lower regions, pushing the lighter air up and toward the poles, where it will cool and descend. + @@ -6687,11 +19209,16 @@ pH-value + climatic effect Climate has a central influence on many human needs and activities, such as agriculture, housing, human health, water resources, and energy use. The influence of climate on vegetation and soil type is so strong that the earliest climate classification schemes where often based more on these factors than on the meteorological variables. While technology can be used to mitigate the effects of unfavorable climatic conditions, climate fluctuations that result in significant departures from normal cause serious problems for modern industrialized societies as much as for primitive ones. The goals of climatology are to provide a comprehensive description of the Earth's climate, to understand its features in terms of fundamental physical principles, and to develop models of the Earth's climate that will allow the prediction of future changes that may result from natural and human causes. + + + + @@ -6701,35 +19228,45 @@ craft industry + animal remain Any substances or components left over from animal life, including body parts and, later, decomposed materials. + + climate protection Precautionary actions, procedures or installations undertaken to prevent or reduce harm from pollution to natural weather conditions or patterns, including the prevailing temperature, atmospheric composition and precipitation. + + chart (nautical) A map for navigation that delineates a portion of the sea, indicating the outline of the coasts and the position of rocks, sandbanks and other parts of a sea. + climate resource + + nature conservation policy + climate type Weather conditions typical of areas roughly corresponding to lines of latitude. + @@ -6743,12 +19280,16 @@ climatic alteration The slow variation of climatic characteristics over time at a given place. This may be indicated by the geological record in the long term, by changes in the landforms in the intermediate term, and by vegetation changes in the short term. + + climatic change The long-term fluctuations in temperature, precipitation, wind, and all other aspects of the Earth's climate. External processes, such as solar-irradiance variations, variations of the Earth's orbital parameters (eccentricity, precession, and inclination), lithosphere motions, and volcanic activity, are factors in climatic variation. Internal variations of the climate system, e.g., changes in the abundance of greenhouse gases, also may produce fluctuations of sufficient magnitude and variability to explain observed climate change through the feedback processes interrelating the components of the climate system. + + @@ -6763,18 +19304,22 @@ environmental sanitation + climatic experiment Experiments conducted to estimate future climatic conditions employing modelling of the physical processes underlying climatic change and variability; also, assessments are required of uncertain future man-made inputs such as increasing atmospheric carbon dioxide and other green-house gases. + + climatic factor Physical conditions that determine the climate in a given area, e.g. latitude, altitude, ocean streams, etc. + @@ -6783,6 +19328,9 @@ climatic zone A belt of the earth's surface within which the climate is generally homogeneous in some respect; an elemental region of a simple climatic classification. + + + @@ -6791,6 +19339,8 @@ climatology That branch of meteorology concerned with the mean physical state of the atmosphere together with its statistical variations in both space and time as reflected in the weather behaviour over a period of many years. + + @@ -6799,32 +19349,41 @@ aerobiology The study of the atmospheric dispersal of airborne fungus spores, pollen grains, and microorganisms; and, more broadly, of airborne propagules of algae and protozoans, minute insects such as aphids, and pollution gases and particles which exert specific biologic effects. + + climax A botanical term referring to the terminal community said to be achieved when a sere (a sequential development of a plant community or group of plant communities on the same site over a period of time) achieves dynamic equilibrium with its environment and in particular with its prevailing climate. Each of the world's major vegetation climaxes is equivalent to a biome. Many botanists believe that climate is the master factor in a plant environment and that even if several types of plant succession occur in an area they will all tend to converge towards a climax form of vegetation. + + climbing plant (wall) A plant that lacks rigidity and grows upwards by twining, scrambling, or clinging with tendrils and suckers. + clinical symptom Any objective evidence of disease or of a patient's condition founded on clinical observation. + green fiscal instrument + mining The act, process or industry of extracting coal, ores, etc. from the earth. + + @@ -6842,110 +19401,138 @@ cloning The production of genetically identical individuals from a single parent. Cloning plants usually involves plant cell culture. Cloning animals is more difficult and relays on some manipulation of their normal reproductive cycle. A clone is a group of organisms of identical genetic constitution, unless mutation occurs, produced from a single individual by asexual reproduction, parthenogenesis or apomixis. + Black Sea + Caspian Sea + Mediterranean Sea The largest inland sea between Europe, Africa and Asia, linked to the Atlantic Ocean at its western end by the Strait of Gibraltar, including the Tyrrhenian, Adriatic, Aegean and Ionian seas, and major islands such as Sicily, Sardina, Corsica, Crete, Malta and Cyprus. + indigenous knowledge Local knowledge that is unique to a given culture or society, which is the basis for local-level decision making in agriculture, health care, education and other matters of concern in rural communities. + + professional society A group of persons engaged in the same profession, business, trade or craft that is organized or formally structured to attain common ends. + + subject + persistant organic pollutant Organic pollutants that do not break down chemically and remain in the environment. Pollutants with higher persistence may produce more harmful environmental effects. + sediment mobilisation The transport or setting in motion by wind or water of insoluble particulate matter. + + habitat destruction Destruction of wildlife habitats by increasing pressure for land by fast-growing human populations, pollution and over-exploitation. Whole species or populations of plants and animals have disappeared causing a loss of genetic resource that is not only regrettable from an aesthetic or philosophical point of view but also threatens man's food supply. Habitat loss takes several forms: outright loss of areas used by wild species; degradation, for example, from vegetation removal and erosion, which deprive native species of food, shelter, and breeding areas; and fragmentation, when native species are squeezed onto small patches of undisturbed land surrounded by areas cleared for agriculture and other purposes. + + + land-based activity + physical alteration Any change in a body or substance that does not involve an alteration in its chemical composition. + + sectoral assessment + information infrastructure The basic, underlying framework and features of a communications system supporting the exchange of knowledge, including hardware, software and transmission media. + geo-referenced information Data delimiting a given object, either physical or conceptual, in terms of its spatial relationship to the land, usually consisting of points, lines, areas or volumes defined in terms of some coordinate system. + + data centre An organization established primarily to acquire, analyze, process, store, retrieve, and disseminate one or more types of data. + internet service provider A business or organization that supplies connections to a part of the Internet, often through telephone lines. + closing down The cessation, discontinuation or breaking-off of a business transaction, lease, contract or employment arrangement, usually before its anticipated or stipulated end. + electronic information network A system of interrelated computer and telecommunications devices linked to permit the exchange of data in digital or analog signals. + wide area network A system of interrelated computer and telecommunications devices linking two or more computers separated by a great distance for the exchange of electronic data. + Internet A global consortium of local computer networks that uses the TCP/IP (Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol) protocol to connect machines to each other, providing access to the World Wide Web, Gopher, electronic mail, remote login and file transfer. + @@ -6959,111 +19546,134 @@ World Wide Web A graphical, interactive, hypertext information system that is cross-platform and can be run locally or over the global Internet. The Web consists of Web servers offering pages of information to Web browsers who view and interact with the pages. Pages can contain formatted text, background colors, graphics, as well as audio and video clips. Simple links in a Web page can cause the browser to jump to a different part of the same page or to a page on a Web server halfway around the world. Web pages can be used to send mail, read news, and download files. A Web address is called a URL. + homepage The preset document that is displayed after starting a World Wide Web browser, or the main World Wide Web document in a series of related documents. + hypertext The organization of information units typically containing visible links that users can select or click with a mouse pointer or some other computer device to automatically retrieve or display other documents. + bulletin board system An assemblage of computer hardware and software that can be linked by computer modem dialing for the purpose of sharing or exchanging messages or other files. + newsgroup A discussion group on a specific topic maintained on a computer network, frequently on the Internet. + electronic mail Information or computer stored messages that are transmitted or exchanged from one computer terminal to another, through telecommunication. + multimedia technology Any technical means used to combine text, sound, still or animated images and video in computers and electronic products, often allowing audience interactivity. + closing down of firm The termination or shutdown, temporary or permanent, of a corporation, factory or some other business organization. + audio-visual presentation An exhibition, performance, demonstration or lecture utilizing communication media directed at both the sense of sight and the sense of hearing. + information kit A set or collection of materials compiled to convey knowledge on some subject and usually placed in some type of container. + exhibit A display of an object or collection of objects for general dissemination of information, aesthetic value or entertainment. + newsletter A printed periodical bulletin circulated to members of a group. + radio programme A performance or production transmitted in sound signals with electromagnetic waves. + television programme A performance or production transmitted in audiovisual signals with electromagnetic waves. + public relations The methods and activities employed by an individual, organization, corporation, or government to promote a favourable relationship with the public. + bibliographic information system A coordinated assemblage of people, devices or other resources organized for the exchange of data pertaining to the history, physical description, comparison, and classification of books and other works. + bibliographic information Data pertaining to the history, physical description, comparison, and classification of books and other works. + referral information system A coordinated assemblage of people, devices or other resources organized to provide directions leading people to sources known to provide knowledge or assistance on a specified topic or request. + referral information Directions leading someone to another source that is known to provide knowledge or assistance on the specified topic or request. + statistical information system A coordinated assemblage of people, devices or other resources enabling the exchange of numerical data that has been collected, classified or interpreted for analysis. + statistical information Knowledge pertaining to the collection, classification, analysis and interpretation of numerical data. + library service The duties of an establishment, or a public institution, charged with the care and organizing of a collection of printed and other materials, and the duty of interpreting such materials to meet the informational, cultural, educational, recreational or research needs of its clients. + + @@ -7075,63 +19685,75 @@ reference service The provision of aid by library staff trained to interpret library materials and library organizational structures to meet the informational, educational, cultural, recreational or research needs of the library's clients. + indexing of documentation A service which creates a special contents list, containing titles, authors, abstracts, subject headings and other information, to describe a large number of publications and to be used in searchable, machine-readable (or printed) look-up tables. + document lending The service provided by a library in which the library's clients are temporarily allowed to use books and other printed materials outside the library. + inter-library loan The service provided by one library in which a second library's clients are temporarily allowed to use books and other printed materials belonging to the first library; and consequently the system providing rules and infrastructure for this service to a group of libraries. + selective dissemination of information A service provided by a library or other agency that periodically notifies users of new publications, report literature or other data sources in subjects in which the user has specified an interest. + clothing Clothes considered as a group. + CD-ROM search service The provision of special aid by library staff trained to query bibliographic or other information contained on an electronic storage medium, usually to meet the research needs of the library's clients. + internet search service The provision of special aid by library staff trained to query bibliographic or other information contained on the Internet, a large distributed electronic system, usually to meet the research needs of the library's clients. + information clearing-house A central institution or agency for the collection, maintenance, and distribution of materials or data compiled to convey knowledge on some subject. + decision-support system A coordinated assemblage of people, devices or other resources that analyzes, typically, business data and presents it so that users can make business decisions more easily. + software development + information exchange A reciprocal transference of data between two or more parties for the purpose of enhancing knowledge of the participants. + @@ -7141,45 +19763,56 @@ relational database A collection of digital information items organized as a set of formally described tables from which the information can be accessed or reassembled in different ways without reorganizing the tables. + multispectral scanner A remote sensing term referring to a scanning radiometer that simultaneously acquires images in various wavebands at the same time. A multispectral scanner can be carried aboard an aircraft or satellite. The Landsat multispectral scanner records images in four wavebands of visible and near infrared electromagnetic radiation to enable objects with different reflectance properties to be distinguished. + resolution (parameter) A remote sensing term which has three separate applications: a) spatial resolution, which refers to the ability of a sensor to distinguish between objects that are spatially close to each other. It is a measure of the smallest angular or linear separation between two objects. b) Spectral resolution which refers to the ability of a sensor to distinguish between objects which are spectrally similar. It is a measure of both the discreteness of wavebands and the sensitivity of the sensor to distinguish between electromagnetic radiation intensity levels. c) Thermal resolution which refers to the ability of a sensor to distinguish between objects with a similar temperature. + clothing industry + + pixel A contraction of the words 'picture element'. The smallest unit of information in an image or raster map. Referred to as a resolution cell in an image or grid. + spectral band Closely grouped bands of lines characteristic of molecular gases of chemical compounds (spectroscopy). + scene identification A numeric string which uniquely identifies an image component of a geographical information system database. + image processing digital system A coordinated assemblage of computer devices designed to capture and manipulate pictures stored as data in discrete, quantized units or digits. + digital image processing technique Techniques employed in the calibration of image data, the correction or reduction of errors occurring during capture or transmission of the data and in various types of image enhancement-operations which increase the ability of the analyst to recognize features of interest. + + @@ -7189,41 +19822,50 @@ pattern recognition A remote sensing term referring to an automated process through which unidentified patterns can be classified into a limited number of discrete classes through comparison with other class-defining patterns or characteristics. Pattern recognition is an essential part of the classification of remotely sensed images and is used as an aid to image interpretation. + + mosaic A composite photograph consisting of separate aerial photographs of overlapping surface areas, producing an overall image of a surface area too large to be depicted in a single aerial photograph. + image filtering A remote sensing term related to image enhancement that refers to the removal of a spatial component of electromagnetic radiation. + image enhancement In remote sensing, the filtering of data and other processes to manipulate pixels to produce an image that accentuates features of interest or visual interpretation. + geometric correction A remote sensing term referring to the adjustment of an image for geometric errors. + cloud Suspensions of minute water droplets or ice crystals produced by the condensation of water vapour. + image registration The process of linking map coordinates to control points with known earth-surface coordinates. Related term: coordinate systems. + image classification Processing techniques which apply quantitative methods to the values in a digital yield or remotely sensed scene to group pixels with similar digital number values into feature classes or categories. + @@ -7231,66 +19873,82 @@ supervised image classification A graphical representation processing technique by which an analyst selects groups of pixels, determines their spectral response signature and trains a computer system to recognize pixels based on this spectral response pattern. + unsupervised image classification Unsupervised classification is a kind of classification which takes place with minimum input from the operator; no training sample is available and subdivision of the feature space is achieved by identifying natural groupings of the measurement vectors. + colour composition A remote-sensing term referring to the process of assigning different colours to different spectral bands. The colour picture formed by this process is called a "colour composite" (a colour image produced through optical combination of multiband images by projection through filters) and is produced by assigning a colour to an image of the Earth's surface recorded in a particular waveband. For a Landsat colour composite, the green waveband is coloured blue, the red waveband is coloured green and the infrared waveband is coloured red. This produces an image closely approximating a false colour photograph. Colour composite images are easier to interpret than separate images recording different wavebands. US national experimental crop inventories are based upon visual interpretation of Landsat colour composites. + atmospheric correction The removal from the remotely sensed data of the atmospheric effects caused by the scattering and absorption of sunlight by particles; the removal of these effects improves not only the quality of the observed earth surface imaging but also the accuracy of classification of the ground objects. + GIS digital system An organized collection of computer hardware, software, geographic data, and personnel designed to efficiently capture, store, update, manipulate, analyze, and display all forms of geographically referenced information that can be drawn from different sources, both statistical and mapped. + + GIS digital format The digital form of data collected by remote sensing. + vector One of the two major types of internal data organization used in GIS. Vector systems are based primarily on coordinate geometry and take advantage of the convenient division of spatial data into point, line, and polygon types. Vector structures are especially suited to storing definitions of spatial objects for which sharp boundaries exist or can be imposed. + point A position on a reference system determined by a survey. + + line Term used in GIS technologies in the vector type of internal data organization: spatial data are divided into point, line and polygon types. In most cases, point entities (nodes) are specified directly as coordinate pairs, with lines (arcs or edges) represented as chains of points. Regions are similarly defined in terms of the lines which form their boundaries. Some vector GIS store information in the form of points, line segments and point pairs; others maintain closed lists of points defining polygon regions. Vector structures are especially suited to storing definitions of spatial objects for which sharp boundaries exist or can be imposed. + + polygon In the vector type of GIS internal data organization spatial data are conveniently divided into point, line and polygon types. Some vector GIS store information in the form of points, line segments and point pairs; others maintain close lists of points defining polygon regions. + raster One of the two major types of internal data organization used in GIS. Raster systems superimpose a regular grid over the area of interest and associate each cell-or pixel, to use the image term- with one or more data records. The values associated with each grid cell may represent either real values or any scalar or nominal data values associated with the cell coordinates. Among the strengths of the raster method is its ability to accept data directly from remote sensing systems and to represent transitional information. Raster systems tend to be relatively storage-intensive and this imposes practical limits on the area of coverage, the resolution, or both of these. Capacity constraints are, however, becoming less significant as computer memory and storage become more powerful and as data compression techniques become more readily available. + attribute A distinctive feature of an object. In mapping and GIS applications, the objects are points, lines, or polygons that represent features such as sampling locations, section corners (points); roads and streams (lines); lakes, forest and soil types (polygons). These attributes can be further divided into classes such as tree species Douglas-fir and ponderosa pine) for forest types and paved and gravel for road types. Multiple attributes are generally associated with objects that are located on a single map layer. + GIS digital technique The transformation to digital form of data collected by remote sensing, traditional field and documentary methods and of existing historical data such as paper maps, charts, and publications. + @@ -7306,42 +19964,52 @@ interpolation A process used to estimate an intermediate value of one (dependent) variable which is a function of a second (independent) variable when values of the dependent variable corresponding to several discrete values of the independent variable are known. + gridding A system of uniformly spaced perpendicular lines and horizontal lines running north and south, and east and west on a map, chart, or aerial photograph; used in locating points. + raster to vector Methods to convert remotely sensed raster data to vector format. A number of raster-to-vector and vector-to-raster conversion procedures have been developed and introduced to current releases of many GIS packages. + vector to raster Methods to convert remotely sensed raster data to vector format. A number of vector-to-raster and raster-to-vector conversion procedures have been developed and introduced to current releases of many GIS packages. + national boundary The line demarcating recognized limits of established political units. + sub-national boundary The line demarcating a territory located within the limits of a State. + administrative boundary A limit or border of a geographic area under the jurisdiction of some governmental or managerial entity. + + geo-referenced data + + @@ -7351,12 +20019,14 @@ geographical projection A representation of the globe constructed on a plane with lines representative of and corresponding to the meridians and parallels of the curved surface of the earth. + co-ordinate system A reference system used to measure horizontal and vertical distances on a planimetric map. A coordinate system is usually defined by a map projection, a spheroid of reference, a datum, one or more standard parallels, a central meridian, and possible shifts in the x- and y-directions to locate x, y positions of point, line, and area features. A common coordinate system is used to spatially register geographic data for the same area. + @@ -7364,26 +20034,32 @@ latitude An angular distance in degrees north or south of the equator (latitude 0°), equal to the angle subtended at the centre of the globe by the meridian between the equator and the point in question. + longitude Distance in degrees east or west of the prime meridian at 0° measured by the angle between the plane of the prime meridian and that of the meridian through the point in question, or by the corresponding time difference. + remote sensing centre Centre where remote sensing data are stored, handled and analyzed. + + GIS laboratory A laboratory where GIS data drawn from different sources are stored, handled, analyzed and updated. + on-line service Service providing an active connection with a communications network. + @@ -7391,123 +20067,170 @@ underground dump Any subterranean or below-ground site in which solid, or other, waste is deposited without environmental controls. + business economics The art of purchasing and selling goods from an economics perspective or a perspective involving the scientific study of the production, distribution, and consumption of goods and services. + + deterrence Punishment aiming at deterring the criminal from repeating his offences or deterring others from committing similar acts. + old hazardous site Abandoned or disused dumps and refuse tips, stockpiles and landfill sites, disused petrol service stations, closed-down coking plants and former industrial and commercial premises, etc., from which considerable risks not only to the soil and to the groundwater, but also to humans and nature, can arise. + + + outer space (allocation plan) Area out of closed settlements or building. + + deep sea mining The most valuable of the marine mineral resources is petroleum. About 15% of the world's oil is produced offshore, and extraction capabilities are advancing. One of the largest environmental impacts of deep sea mining are discharged sediment plumes which disperse with ocean currents and thus may negatively influence the marine ecosystem. Coal deposits known as extensions of land deposits , are mined under the sea floor in Japan and England. + + + semi-liquid manure + + + + electrical goods industry Economic activity for manufacturing electric material and devices. + + + services providing company + + restoration of water Any treatment process in which contaminated water is cleansed or corrected, particularly by use of a pump-and-treat approach. + + local heat supply The provision of heating fuel, coal or other heating source materials, or the amount of heating capacity, for the use of a specific local community. + + forwarding agent A person or business that specializes in the shipment and receiving of goods. + + waste avoidance All measures by which production and consumption processes are caused to generate less (or no waste), or to generate only those wastes that can be treated without causing problems. + + + natural independence law The inviolable, moral claim of non-human organisms and their habitats to exist unharmed or unchanged by human activity as postulated by certain environmental ethicists. + offence against the environment Unlawful acts against the environment, such as water contamination, hazardous waste disposal, air contamination, unpermitted installation of plants, oil spills, etc. + provincial/regional law (D) + provincial/regional authority (D) The power of a government agency or its administrators to administer and implement laws and government policies applicable to a specific political subdivision or geographical area within the state. + international transaction Any agreement or act involving two or more countries in which business dealings, negotiations or other affairs are settled or concluded. + road setting The establishing of boulevards, turnpikes, highways and other routes on land. + + + air quality monitoring Regular checking and recording of air quality in a given area. The following pollutants must be considered: carbon monoxide, benzene, butadiene, lead, sulphur dioxide, nitrogen dioxide, and particulates. + + + + citizen initiative + area under stress Areas that are flooded by rising number of tourists or other kinds of pressure and suffer from insufficient or inappropriate planning and management. Damage frequently arises from a lack of understanding or interest of the value of such sites. + + storage (process) A series of actions undertaken to deposit or hold goods, materials or waste in some physical location, as in a facility, container, tank or dumping site. + + @@ -7520,26 +20243,33 @@ mountain refuge Any shelter or protection from distress or danger located in a predominantly mountainous area. + space research Research involving studies of all aspects of environmental conditions beyond the atmosphere of the earth. + red list The series of publications produced by the International Union for the Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources (IUCN). They provide an inventory on the threat to rare plants and animal species. Information includes status, geographical distribution, population size, habitat and breeding rate. The books also contain the conservation measures, if any, that have been taken to protect the species. There are five categories of rarity status: endangered species; vulnerable organisms, which are those unlikely to adapt to major environmental effects; rare organisms, which are those at risk because there are few of them in the world, such as plants which only grow on mountain peaks or on islands; out of danger species, which were formerly in the above categories, but have had the threat removed because of conservation actions; and indeterminate species, which are the plants and animals probably at risk, although not enough is known about them to assess their status. + coagulation A separation or precipitation from a dispersed state of suspensoid particles resulting from their growth; may result from prolonged heating, addition of an electrolyte, or from a condensation reaction between solute and solvent. + + coal The natural, rocklike, brown to black derivative of forest-type plant material, usually accumulated in peat beds and progressively compressed and indurated until it is finally altered in to graphite-like material. + + @@ -7549,12 +20279,15 @@ coal-based energy Power generated by the steam raised by burning coal in fire-tube or water-tube boilers. + insulating material Material that prevents or reduces the transmission of electricity, heat, or sound to or from a body, device or region. + + @@ -7562,33 +20295,46 @@ decantation Sizing or classifying particulate matter by suspension in a fluid (liquid or gas), the larger particulates tending to separate by sinking. + + wood resource + + + fishing fleet + coal-fired power plant Power plant which is fuelled by coal. + + + emission to air + air quality impact + + climate change mitigation + @@ -7597,7 +20343,8 @@ climate change adaptation - process of preparing to cope with living in a changing climate, e.g. increased rainfall, higher temperatures, scarce water, or more frequent storms + process of preparing to cope with living in a changing climate + @@ -7606,29 +20353,37 @@ alternative fuel + + material flow + + non-mineral waste + waste prevention + other waste + above-ground biomass - all living vegetal matter above the soil including stem, stump, branches, bark, seeds and foliage + all living biomass above the soil including stem, stump, branches, bark, seeds and foliage + @@ -7641,6 +20396,7 @@ above-ground biomass growth oven-dry weight of net annual increment (s.b) of a tree, stand or forest plus oven-dry weight of annual growth of branches, twigs, foliage, top and stump + @@ -7649,6 +20405,7 @@ above-ground non-tree biomass all living matter above-ground excluding trees with trees defined as generally five cm or greater diameter at breast height (4.3 feet above ground) + @@ -7658,6 +20415,8 @@ above-ground tree biomass all living matter composed of trees defined as generally five cm or greater diameter at breast height (4.3 feet above ground) + + @@ -7667,6 +20426,8 @@ adaptation strategy The process of adjustment to actual or expected climate and its effects. In human systems, adaptation seeks to moderate or avoid harm or exploit beneficial opportunities. In some natural systems, human intervention may facilitate adjustment to expected climate and its effects. + + @@ -7679,6 +20440,7 @@ ACC definition: The ability of systems, institutions, humans, and other organisms to adjust to potential damage, to take advantage of opportunities, or to respond to consequences. + @@ -7686,6 +20448,8 @@ respond to consequences. agricultural bioenergy production oil crops which are converted into biofuels + + @@ -7693,7 +20457,10 @@ respond to consequences. agronomic fertiliser additive - Any substance added to a fertiliser, soil improver or growing medium to improve the final product or modifying the environmental fate of the nutrients released by the fertilisers + any substance added to a fertiliser, soil improver or growing medium to improve the agronomic efficacy of the final product, or modify the environmental fate of the nutrients released by the fertilisers + + + @@ -7704,7 +20471,9 @@ respond to consequences. air pollutant emission inventory guidebook - joint EMEP/EEA guidebook supporting the reporting of emissions data under the UNECE Convention on Long-range Transboundary Air Pollution (CLRTAP) and the EU National Emission Ceilings Directive by providing expert guidance on how to compile an atmospheric emissions inventory + joint EMEP/EEA guidebook supporting the reporting of emissions data, under the UNECE Convention on Long-range Transboundary Air Pollution (CLRTAP) and the EU National Emission Ceilings Directive, in providing expert guidance on how to compile an atmospheric emissions inventory + + @@ -7715,11 +20484,15 @@ respond to consequences. coal gasification Process of conversion of coal to a gaseous product which is used as fuel in electric power stations. + + + - air quality directives - Directives that define the legislative basis for assessment and management of air quality in the Member States of the European Union + air quality directive + Directive that define the legislative basis for the assessment and management of air quality in Member States + @@ -7733,16 +20506,23 @@ respond to consequences. albedo Ratio of the radiation (radiant or luminous energy) reflected by a surface to that incident on it. + + algae-based biofuel production any algae-based biofuel + + + ambient air quality The quality of outdoor air in our surrounding environment. It is typically measured near ground level, away from direct sources of pollution. + + @@ -7753,12 +20533,18 @@ respond to consequences. anaerobic digestion A naturally occurring biochemical process in which organic material is broken down by bacteria in an oxygen-free environment. + + + anaerobic lagoon type of liquid storage system designed and operated to combine waste stabilization and storage with varying lengths of storage (up to a year or greater), depending on the climate region, the volatile solids loading rate, and other operational factors + + + @@ -7766,6 +20552,9 @@ material is broken down by bacteria in an oxygen-free environment. animal waste management proper handling, storage, and utilization of wastes generated from animal confinement operations, including means of collecting, scraping, or washing wastes from confinement areas into appropriate waste storage structures + + + @@ -7774,6 +20563,9 @@ material is broken down by bacteria in an oxygen-free environment.animal waste management systems combination of structural and nonstructural practices serving a feedlot that provides for the collection, treatment, storage or land applications of animal waste + + + @@ -7782,6 +20574,9 @@ serving a feedlot that provides for the collection, treatment, storage or land a aerosols caused by human activities. These activities include the burning of fossil fuels, deforestation, land use changes, livestock production, fertilization, waste management, and industrial processes. + + + @@ -7789,16 +20584,22 @@ fertilization, waste management, and industrial processes. aquatic system group of interacting organisms dependent on one another and their water environment for nutrients (e.g., nitrogen and phosphorus) and shelter + + coal liquefaction The process of preparing a liquid mixture of hydrocarbons by destructive distillation of coal. + + + Arctic sea ice loss + @@ -7808,6 +20609,8 @@ fertilization, waste management, and industrial processes. artificial land total of built-up areas plus artificial non-built-up areas + + @@ -7815,31 +20618,38 @@ fertilization, waste management, and industrial processes. atmospheric aerosol loading suspensions of solids and/or liquid particles in the air that we breathe, as dust, smoke and haze, measured by the mass concentration of aerosol particles or by an optical measure + atmospheric carbon dioxide primary source of carbon in life on Earth and its concentration in Earth's pre-industrial atmosphere since late in the Precambrian was regulated by photosynthetic organisms and geological phenomena + + atmospheric nitrogen load Atmospheric deposition or flux of total reactive nitrogen (N) to the Earth’s surface, calculated for example as kilograms N per hectare and year (kg N ha-1 yr-1). Reactive N from the atmosphere can be deposited as gases (= dry deposition) and in precipitation (= wet deposition). Total reactive N includes oxidised N compounds as well as reduced N compounds. Oxidised compounds are here mainly nitrogen oxides (NOx; gases) and nitrate (NO3-; in precipitation). The main reduced compounds are ammonia (NH3; gas) and ammonium (NH4+; in precipitation) + + Barents Sea - The region of the Arctic Ocean lying between Novaya Zemlia on its eastern side and a hypothetical line from Norway, through Bear Island to South Spitsbergen on its western perimeter + area between Novaya Zemlia, in the east, and the line Norway–Bear Island–South Spitsbergen, in the west area + bathing water directive - Directive 2006/7/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 15 February 2006 concerning the management of bathing water quality and repealing Directive 76/160/EEC. + rules laid down by the European Union (EU) for the monitoring, assessment and management of the quality of bathing water, and for the provision of information on that quality to reduce and prevent the pollution of bathing water and to inform European citizens of the degree of pollution + @@ -7852,18 +20662,21 @@ fertilization, waste management, and industrial processes. bathing water legislation - European legislation whose main objectives are to safeguard public health and protect the aquatic environment in coastal and inland areas from pollution + European legislation aimed at safeguarding public health and protecting the aquatic environment in coastal and inland areas from pollution + behavioural change Transformation or modification of human behavior + below-ground biomass - All living biomass of live roots. Fine roots of less than (suggested) 2mm diameter are sometimes excluded because these often cannot be distinguished empirically from soil organic matter or litter + all living biomass of live roots + @@ -7879,18 +20692,25 @@ fertilization, waste management, and industrial processes. coal mining The technical and mechanical job of removing coal from the earth and preparing it for market. + + + below-ground biomass growth Growth in below-ground biomass including coarse roots and root collar + + bio desulfurization ambient temperature under mild reaction conditions and use of special aerobic anaerobic microorganisms + + @@ -7898,11 +20718,14 @@ fertilization, waste management, and industrial processes. biocapacity The capacity of ecosystems to regenerate what people demand from those surfaces. The biocapacity of a particular surface represents its ability to renew what people demand. Biocapacity is therefore the ecosystems' capacity to produce biological materials used by people and to absorb waste material generated by humans, under current management schemes and extraction technologies. Biocapacity can change from year to year due to climate, management, and also what portions are considered useful inputs to the human economy. + biodiversity conservation Planned management (i.e. preservation, maintenance, sustainable use, recovery, enhancement) of a natural resources or of a particular ecosystem to halt, reverse or slow-down the loss of biodiversity from impacts of exploitation, pollution etc. to ensure the future usability of the resource, resilience of communities, and ecosystem integrity. + + @@ -7914,6 +20737,8 @@ fertilization, waste management, and industrial processes. biodiversity loss Long term or permanent qualitative or quantitative reduction in components of biodiversity and their potential to provide goods and services, to be measured at global, regional and national levels + + @@ -7924,6 +20749,8 @@ fertilization, waste management, and industrial processes. biodiversity protection conserving the resilience and vitality of natural ecosystems both for their intrinsic value and also for the benefits that they provide to human society as healthy ecosystems constitute our best defence against the worst extremes of weather associated with climate change + + @@ -7935,6 +20762,8 @@ fertilization, waste management, and industrial processes. bioenergy production New and quickly developing branch of industry in most of European countries to find different efficient solution of energy conversion from different biomass recourses + + @@ -7944,6 +20773,9 @@ fertilization, waste management, and industrial processes. biofuel production Conversion of biomass to biofuel + + + @@ -7955,34 +20787,40 @@ fertilization, waste management, and industrial processes. Biologically degradable waste Any organic matter in waste which can be broken down into carbon dioxide, water, methane or simple organic molecules by micro-organisms and other living things using composting, aerobic digestion, anaerobic digestion or similar processes + biomass burning Biomass burning is the burning of living and dead vegetation + biomass feedstock Plant and algal materials used to derive fuels like ethanol, butanol, biodiesel, and other hydrocarbon fuels + biotic interactions effects that the organisms in a community have on one another that are fundamental to the survival of that organism and the functioning of the ecosystem as a whole + blue carbon Carbon captured by the world's oceans and coastal ecosystems.The carbon captured by living organisms in oceans is stored in the form of biomass and sediments from mangroves, salt marshes, seagrasses and potentially algae. + blue growth - Long-term EU strategy to support growth in the marine and maritime sectors as a whole + long-term EU strategy to support growth in the maritime sector as a whole + @@ -7990,12 +20828,19 @@ fertilization, waste management, and industrial processes. boreal forest dieback phenomena of a stand of trees losing health and dying without an obvious cause + + + + + + carbon balance Process of identifying and quantifying carbon in form of carbon dioxide (CO2) added to or removed from the earth's atmosphere, natural and human activity + @@ -8003,6 +20848,7 @@ fertilization, waste management, and industrial processes. carbon economy economy based on low carbon power sources that therefore has a minimal output of greenhouse gas emissions into the environment biosphere, but specifically refers to the greenhouse gas carbon dioxide. + @@ -8017,6 +20863,7 @@ fertilization, waste management, and industrial processes. carbon emission gas that contributes to the greenhouse effect by absorbing infrared radiation + @@ -8025,6 +20872,7 @@ fertilization, waste management, and industrial processes. carbon leakage The situation that may occur if, for reasons of costs related to climate policies, businesses were to transfer production to other countries with laxer emission constraints. This could lead to an increase in their total emissions. The risk of carbon leakage may be higher in certain energy-intensive industries. + @@ -8032,6 +20880,9 @@ fertilization, waste management, and industrial processes. coal refining The processing of coal to remove impurities. + + + @@ -8039,6 +20890,8 @@ fertilization, waste management, and industrial processes. carbon mass balance total of carbon emissions and carbon sequestration over a period of time for a defined area, project or sector + + @@ -8046,6 +20899,7 @@ fertilization, waste management, and industrial processes. carbon sequestration biological process that absorbs carbon dioxide from the atmosphere and contains it in living organic matter, soil, or aquatic ecosystems + @@ -8053,7 +20907,9 @@ fertilization, waste management, and industrial processes. carbon stock - The quantity of carbon in a “pool”, meaning a reservoir or system which has the capacity to accumulate or release carbon + quantity of carbon in a “pool”, meaning a reservoir or system which has the capacity to accumulate or release carbon + + @@ -8061,7 +20917,9 @@ fertilization, waste management, and industrial processes. carrying capacity - The carrying capacity of a biological species in an environment is the maximum population size of the species that the environment can sustain indefinitely, given the food, habitat, water, and other necessities available in the environment. + maximum supply of biological products and services that can be provided by the natural environment so that renewable resources are not depleted faster than they can be regenerated and that ecological systems remain viable + + @@ -8069,12 +20927,14 @@ fertilization, waste management, and industrial processes. chemical commercial waste waste arising from any trade or business, industrial or commercial activities + circular economy An economy in which the value of products, materials and resources is maintained in the economy for as long as possible, and the generation of waste minimised + @@ -8086,6 +20946,8 @@ fertilization, waste management, and industrial processes. climate change impact Consequences of climate change on natural and human systems + + @@ -8096,7 +20958,8 @@ fertilization, waste management, and industrial processes. climate policy - government or private actions designed to lower anthropogenic greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions or adapt to climate change + government or private actions designed to lower anthropogenic greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, or to adapt to climate change + @@ -8108,6 +20971,8 @@ fertilization, waste management, and industrial processes. climate regulation Influence of land cover and biological mediated processes that regulate atmospheric processes and weather patterns which in turn create the microclimate in which different plants and animals (including humans) live and function + + @@ -8118,7 +20983,8 @@ fertilization, waste management, and industrial processes. climate zone - Any of the principal zones, roughly demarcated by lines of latitude and altitude, into which the earth can be divided on the basis of climate + any of the eight principal zones, roughly demarcated by lines of latitude, into which the earth can be divided on the basis of climate + @@ -8126,15 +20992,20 @@ fertilization, waste management, and industrial processes. aerodynamic noise Acoustic noise caused by turbulent airflow over the surface of a body. + + clinical waste any waste that consists wholly or partly of Human or animal tissue, Blood or bodily fluids, Excretions, Drugs or other pharmaceutical products, Swabs or dressings, Syringes, needles or other sharp instruments which, unless rendered safe, may prove hazardous to any person coming into contact with it + coal gas desulfurization + + @@ -8142,11 +21013,14 @@ fertilization, waste management, and industrial processes. coastal flooding Flooding of normally dry, low-lying coastal land, primarily caused by severe weather events along the coast, estuaries, and adjoining rivers. + collaborative consumption - The ways that consumers can obtain products or services more effectively and resource-efficiently. This may involve fundamentally changing the ways that consumer demands are met, including shifting from individual decisions to organised or collective demand. + ways that allow consumers to obtain products or services more effectively and resource-efficiently, involving fundamentally changing the ways that consumer demands are met, including shifting from individual decisions to organised or collective demand + + @@ -8154,18 +21028,22 @@ fertilization, waste management, and industrial processes. commercial waste Waste from premises used mainly for the purposes of a trade or business or for the purpose of sport, recreation, education or entertainment, but excluding household, agricultural or industrial waste + construction waste - Waste stream which arises from activities such as the construction of buildings and civil infrastructure, total or partial demolition of buildings and civil infrastructure, road planning and maintenance + mineral materials occurring in the process of demolition, renovation and alteration works on edifices and building parts + consumption behaviour study of individuals, groups, or organizations and the processes they use to select, secure, use, and dispose of products, services, experiences, or ideas to satisfy needs and the impacts that these processes have on the consumer and society + + @@ -8173,6 +21051,9 @@ fertilization, waste management, and industrial processes. covered anaerobic lagoon Anaerobic lagoon covered with a flexible membrane to capture methane produced during the digestion process + + + @@ -8181,7 +21062,8 @@ capture methane produced during the digestion process cropland management - The system of practices on land on which agricultural crops are grown and on land that is set aside or temporarily not used for crop production. + any activity resulting from a system of practices applicable to land on which agricultural crops are grown and on land that is set aside or temporarily not being used for crop production + @@ -8190,28 +21072,38 @@ capture methane produced during the digestion process coal technology The processing of coal to make gaseous and liquid fuels. + + cultivated species Species in which the evolutionary process has been influenced by humans to meet their needs + cultural ecosystem services Non-material benefits people obtain from ecosystems through spiritual enrichment, cognitive development, reflection, recreation and aesthetic experience + + dead organic matter matter composed of organic compounds that has come from the remains of organisms such as plants and animals and their waste products in the environment + + + + decoupling The use of less resources per unit of economic output and reducing the environmental impact of any resources that are used or economic activities that are undertaken + @@ -8219,11 +21111,14 @@ capture methane produced during the digestion process waste designed to degrade under environmental conditions or in municipal and industrial biological waste treatment facilities + + degradable waste waste not subject to or capable of degradation or decomposition + @@ -8231,7 +21126,8 @@ facilities development policy - EU policy which has as a primary objective the eradication of poverty in the context of sustainable development, including pursuit of the Millennium Development Goals and the promotion of democracy, good governance and respect for human rights + policy of the European Union which has as a primary objective the eradication of poverty in the context of sustainable development, including pursuit of the MDGs, as well as the promotion of democracy, good governance and respect for human rights + @@ -8242,6 +21138,7 @@ facilities direct greenhouse gas emissions Emissions from sources that are owned or controlled by the reporting entity + @@ -8249,7 +21146,8 @@ facilities disaster risk - The potential disaster losses, in lives, health status, livelihoods, assets and services, which could occur to a particular community or a society over some specified future time period. + convergence of hazards with the vulnerability of those exposed to them + @@ -8258,12 +21156,16 @@ facilities dissolved inorganic nitrogen The sum of nitrate, nitrite, and ammonium + + coast A line or zone where the land meets the sea or some other large expanse of water. + + @@ -8274,12 +21176,16 @@ facilities domestic material consumption - Measures the total amount of materials directly used by an economy and is defined as the annual quantity of raw materials extracted from the domestic territory, plus all physical imports minus all physical exports + total amount of materials directly used in the economy minus the materials that are exported + + + domesticated species Species in which the evolutionary process has been influenced by humans to meet their needs + @@ -8287,6 +21193,10 @@ facilities dry manure management system solid storage, dry feedlots, deep pit stacks, and daily spreading of the manure, as well as unmanaged manure from animals grazing on pasture + + + + @@ -8294,18 +21204,27 @@ facilities dynamical ice loss ice sheet disintegration via sliding towards the sea accelerated by warming and precipitaion increase amounts + + + earth observation - Gathering of information about planet Earth’s physical, chemical and biological systems via remote sensing technologies, usually involving satellites carrying imaging or radar devices + gathering of information about planet Earth’s physical, chemical and biological systems via remote sensing technologies, usually involving satellites carrying imaging devices + + + + ecological capacity ecosystems' capacity to produce biological materials used by people and to absorb waste material generated by humans, under current management schemes and extraction technologies + + @@ -8321,6 +21240,9 @@ facilities ecological civilisation balancing economic development and the protection of nature + + + @@ -8329,11 +21251,13 @@ facilities ecological corridor A corridor as a narrow, linear (or near-linear) piece of habitat that connects two larger patches of habitat that are surrounded by a nonhabitat matrix, thereby facilitating movements of animals and dispersal of plants and other organsisms. + ecological footprint - A measure of how much area of biologically productive land and water an individual, population or activity requires to produce all the resources it consumes and to absorb the waste it generates, using prevailing technology and resource management practices. The Ecological Footprint is usually measured in global hectares. + area of productive land and water ecosystems required to produce the resources that the population consumes and assimilate the wastes that the population produces, wherever on Earth the land and water is located + @@ -8344,6 +21268,9 @@ facilities ecological resilience ability of an ecological or socio-ecological system and its components to anticipate, reduce, accommodate, or recover from the effects of a hazardous event or trend in a timely and efficient manner + + + @@ -8360,6 +21287,8 @@ facilities coastal area The areas of land and sea bordering the shoreline and extending seaward through the breaker zone. + + @@ -8370,6 +21299,9 @@ facilities ecological status Expression of the quality of the structure and functioning of aquatic ecosystems associated with surface waters, classified in accordance with Annex V of the Water Framework Directive. + + + @@ -8382,6 +21314,7 @@ facilities economic resilience Ability of an economy to withstand or recover from the effects of exogeneous shocks + @@ -8392,12 +21325,23 @@ facilities ecosystem assessment Social process through which the findings of science concerning the causes of ecosystem change, their consequences for human well-being, and management and policy options are brought to bear on the needs of decision-makers + + + ecosystem boundary Spatial delimitation of an ecosystem, typically based on discontinuities in the distribution of organisms, the biophysical environment (soil types, drainage basins, depth in a water body), and spatial interactions (home ranges, migration patterns, fluxes of matter) + + + + + + + + @@ -8406,6 +21350,8 @@ facilities ecosystem interaction exchanges of materials, energy, and information within and among ecosystems + + @@ -8414,6 +21360,8 @@ facilities ecosystem management integrated process to conserve and improve ecosystem health that sustains ecosystem services + + @@ -8422,12 +21370,18 @@ facilities ecosystem process intrinsic ecosystem characteristic whereby an ecosystem maintains its integrity + + + + ecosystem resilience capacity of an ecosystem to tolerate disturbance without collapsing into a qualitatively or quantitatively different state that is controlled by a different set of processes + + @@ -8437,12 +21391,16 @@ facilities ecosystem services benefits that people obtain from ecosystems contributing to human well-being + + ecosystem stability system's ability to minimize dynamic fluctuation and to defy change focusing on the ability to resist exotic species, temporal stability, resistance and resilience + + @@ -8452,6 +21410,8 @@ facilities ecosystem vulnerability Exposure to contingencies and stress, and the difficulty in coping with them + + @@ -8460,6 +21420,8 @@ facilities ecosystem-based approach strategy for the integrated management of land, water, and living resources that promotes conservation and sustainable use based on the application of appropriate scientific methods focused on levels of biological organization, which encompass the essential structure, processes, functions, and interactions among organisms and their environment + + @@ -8467,24 +21429,31 @@ facilities ecosystem-based management approach to maintaining or restoring the composition, structure, function, and delivery of services of natural and modified ecosystems for the goal of achieving sustainability, based on an adaptive, collaboratively developed vision of desired future conditions that integrates ecological, socioeconomic, and institutional perspectives, applied within a geographic framework, and defined primarily by natural ecological boundaries + + effectiveness evaluation - comparing the effects of a measure (i.e., outcomes and/or impacts) to its explicitly stated objectives + comparing the effects of a measure, its outcomes and/or impacts, to its explicitly stated objectives + efficient material use providing material services with less material through recyclability, element reusability and waste reduction + + + emission allowance - entitlement to emit a tonne of carbon dioxide or an amount of any other greenhouse gas with an equivalent global warming potential during a specified period + entitlement to emit a tonne of carbon dioxide, or an amount of any other greenhouse gas with an equivalent global warming potential, during a specified period + @@ -8493,6 +21462,8 @@ facilities emission allowance trading Tradable-permit system in which a greenhouse gases emitter (firm or country under obligation to limit its total air pollution emissions to a specified level) can buy/sell permission to emit a certain amount of emissions from/to other emitters (who are below/above their limit) + + @@ -8501,6 +21472,7 @@ facilities emission estimation the process of calculating emissions and/or removals + @@ -8516,6 +21488,7 @@ facilities emission levels quantified emission limitation or reduction commitments, expressed in tonnes of carbon dioxide equivalent, for the purpose of determining the emission levels allocated to the Community and its Member States subject to Article 4 of the Kyoto Protocol + @@ -8527,7 +21500,8 @@ equivalent, for the purpose of determining the emission levels allocated to the emissions trading scheme - key policy tool to ensure that countries reach their greenhouse reduction targets and emissions are cut where it costs least to do so. + key policy tool to ensure that Europe and other countries reach their greenhouse reduction targets, with the least cost, by changing pricing systems, essential for triggering the resource‑efficient green economy transformation process with the EU Emissions Trading Scheme(EU ETS) as the pillar of the future global carbon market + @@ -8539,6 +21513,8 @@ equivalent, for the purpose of determining the emission levels allocated to the coastal development Concentration of human settlements, infrastructures and economical activities along the coasts, being these areas very favourable for trade, communication and marine resources exploitation; the impact of the accelerated population growth and of the industrial and touristic development in these areas has caused the disruption of the ecological integrity of the coastal zones. + + @@ -8546,6 +21522,8 @@ equivalent, for the purpose of determining the emission levels allocated to the energy intake total number of calories taken in daily whether ingested or by parenteral routes + + @@ -8554,12 +21532,18 @@ equivalent, for the purpose of determining the emission levels allocated to the environment action programme programme which provides the framework for European Union action in the field of the environment + + environment reporting presentation of unbiased scientific data and information relating to the environment, providing insights into the state of the environment, to provide the basis for informed decision making so that individuals and policy-makers can take positive action + + + + @@ -8570,12 +21554,15 @@ equivalent, for the purpose of determining the emission levels allocated to the environmental burden any activity affecting the environment or any consequence of such activity which, exclusively or simultaneously, has caused or continues to cause environmental pollution, environmental risk or the use of a natural asset + environmental degradation Environmental degradation is a process through which the natural environment is compromised in some way, reducing biological diversity and the general health of the environment. This process can be entirely natural in origin, or it can be accelerated or caused by human activities. Many international organizations recognize environmental degradation as one of the major threats facing the planet, since humans have only been given one Earth to work with, and if the environment becomes irreparably compromised, it could mean the end of human existence. + + @@ -8588,7 +21575,10 @@ equivalent, for the purpose of determining the emission levels allocated to the environmental footprint - The effect that a person, company, activity, etc. has on the environment, for example the amount of natural resources that they use and the amount of harmful gases that they produce + environmental impact of a product, a service, and/or a company, over its lifecycle + + + @@ -8599,6 +21589,7 @@ equivalent, for the purpose of determining the emission levels allocated to the environmental governance rules, processes and behaviour that affect the way powers are exercised at European level in the field of environmental policies, particularly as regards openness, participation, accountability, effectiveness and coherence + @@ -8613,6 +21604,7 @@ equivalent, for the purpose of determining the emission levels allocated to the environmental health risks any environmental factor that might give rise to the damage of human or animal health + @@ -8628,6 +21620,8 @@ equivalent, for the purpose of determining the emission levels allocated to the environmental management system Set of processes and practices that enable an organization to reduce its environmental impacts and increase its operating efficiency + + @@ -8638,18 +21632,23 @@ equivalent, for the purpose of determining the emission levels allocated to the coastal ecosystem Marine environments bounded by the coastal land margin (seashore) and the continental shelf 100-200 m below sea level. Ecologically, the coastal and nearshore zones grade from shallow water depths, influenced by the adjacent landmass and input from coastal rivers and estuaries, to the continental shelf break, where oceanic processes predominate. Among the unique marine ecosystems associated with coastal and nearshore waterbodies are seaweed-dominated communities, coral reefs and upwellings. + + + environmental pressure Pressures resulting from human activities which bring about changes in the state of the environment + - environmental regulations - Actions trying to reduce the damages to either ecosystems, resources or people more generally arising from human activity + environmental regulation + laws to reduce the damages to ecosystems, resources, or people more generally, arising from human activity + @@ -8661,12 +21660,16 @@ equivalent, for the purpose of determining the emission levels allocated to the environmental space - The quantity of energy, water, land, non-renewable raw materials and wood used in a sustainable fashion + quantity of energy, water, land, non-renewable raw materials and wood used in a sustainable fashion + + environmental sustainability A state in which the demands placed on the environment can be met without reducing its capacity to allow all people to live well, now and in the future. + + @@ -8675,7 +21678,8 @@ equivalent, for the purpose of determining the emission levels allocated to the EU emissions trading scheme - cap-and-trade scheme and the core instrument for Kyoto compliance in the EU, launched in January 2005 + largest cap-and-trade scheme in the world and the core instrument for Kyoto compliance in the EU, launched in January 2005 + @@ -8685,7 +21689,9 @@ equivalent, for the purpose of determining the emission levels allocated to the European Environmental Information and Observation Network - European environment information and observation network aiming at providing timely and quality-assured data, information and expertise for assessing both the state of the environment in Europe and the pressures and driving forces acting upon it + partnership network of the European Environment Agency (EEA) and its member and cooperating countries aiming to provide timely and quality-assured data, information and expertise for assessing the state of the environment in Europe and the pressures acting upon it by enabling policy-makers to decide on appropriate measures for protecting the environment at national and European level and to monitor the effectiveness of policies and measures implemented + + @@ -8693,6 +21699,8 @@ equivalent, for the purpose of determining the emission levels allocated to the ex-situ conservation Conservation of components of biological diversity outside their natural habitats + + @@ -8703,6 +21711,8 @@ equivalent, for the purpose of determining the emission levels allocated to the feedback loop vicious or virtuous circle accelerating or decelerating a warming trend in climate change + + @@ -8710,6 +21720,9 @@ equivalent, for the purpose of determining the emission levels allocated to the fertiliser consumption Sum of nitrogen (N), phosphate (P2O5) and potash (K2O) used in agriculture + + + @@ -8722,6 +21735,8 @@ equivalent, for the purpose of determining the emission levels allocated to the fishing revenue income from catching, taking or harvesting of fish + + @@ -8729,12 +21744,17 @@ equivalent, for the purpose of determining the emission levels allocated to the coastal environment The areas where the land masses meet the seas. Coastal environments include tidal wetlands, estuaries, bays, shallow near-shore waters, mangrove swamps, and in-shore reef systems. The critical habitats of these zones are: feeding, breeding, nursery, and resting areas. Coastal areas throughout the world are under enormous environmental stress, which is caused by a wide range of factors, including pollution and the destruction and deterioration of marine habitats. + + + flash flood A flood of short duration with a relatively high peak discharge usually having less than 6 hours between the occurrence of the rainfall and the peak. + + @@ -8743,7 +21763,9 @@ equivalent, for the purpose of determining the emission levels allocated to the flood hazard - Combination of the probability of flooding and the corresponding exposure characteristics like flood depth, velocity, duration, rise rate, period of occurrence and water quality + combination of the probability of flooding and corresponding exposure characteristics such as flood depth, velocity, duration, rise rate, period of occurrence and water quality + + @@ -8754,7 +21776,9 @@ equivalent, for the purpose of determining the emission levels allocated to the flood prevention - Preventing damage caused by floods by avoiding construction of houses and industries in present and future flood-prone areas; by adapting future developments to the risk of flooding; and by promoting appropriate land-use, agricultural and forestry practices + preventing damage caused by floods by avoiding the construction of houses and industries in present and future flood-prone areas, as well as by adapting future developments to the risk of flooding and by promoting appropriate land-use, agricultural and forestry practices + + @@ -8764,7 +21788,8 @@ equivalent, for the purpose of determining the emission levels allocated to the flood risk management - The attempt to reduce the likelihood and/or the impact of floods. + continuous and holistic societal analysis, assessment and reduction of flood risk + @@ -8773,7 +21798,8 @@ equivalent, for the purpose of determining the emission levels allocated to the food waste - A decrease, at all stages of the food chain from harvest to consumption, in mass, of food that was originally intended for human consumption, regardless of the cause + waste composed of raw or cooked food materials and includes food materials discarded before, during or after food preparation, in the process of manufacturing, distribution, retail or food service activities, and includes materials such as vegetable peelings, meat trimmings, and spoiled or excess ingredients or prepared food + @@ -8787,9 +21813,8 @@ equivalent, for the purpose of determining the emission levels allocated to the forest biodiversity - All life forms found within forested areas and the ecological roles they perform. As such, forest biological diversity encompasses not just trees, but -the multitude of plants, animals and micro-organisms that inhabit forest areas and their associated -genetic diversity. + all life forms found within forested areas and the ecological roles they perform + @@ -8799,7 +21824,8 @@ genetic diversity. forested land - Land with tree crown cover (or equivalent stocking level) of more than 10 per cent and an area of more than 0.5 hectares. The trees should be able to reach a minimum height of 5 metres at maturity in situ. + under cultivated land or non-cultivated stands of trees of a size of more than 0.5 hectares with crown cover of more than 10 per cent and on which trees are able to grow to a height of 5 metes or more at maturity + @@ -8813,6 +21839,9 @@ genetic diversity. fossil fuel consumption total of the petroleum, coal and natural gas consumption + + + @@ -8821,6 +21850,9 @@ genetic diversity. fossil fuel gas + + + @@ -8830,6 +21862,8 @@ genetic diversity. freshwater quality Set of parameters considered to characterize the chemical, physical, and biological properties of freshwater + + @@ -8840,6 +21874,8 @@ genetic diversity. fuel gas any one of a number of fuels that under ordinary conditions are gaseous + + @@ -8847,7 +21883,8 @@ genetic diversity. functional food - Food consumed as part of the usual diet which fulfills a specific physiological function, providing health effects that go beyond traditional nutritional effects. + food that is taken as part of the usual diet and has beneficial effects that go beyond traditional nutritional effects + @@ -8855,15 +21892,21 @@ genetic diversity. gas desulphurisation tbc + + + emission inventory Dataset of all emission estimates, typically expressed by source for a particular pollutant, for a particular location and for a defined time span + + + @@ -8881,6 +21924,7 @@ genetic diversity. genetic material genes and other hereditary material in any biological material that can be transferred to other organisms with or without the help of technology, except for human genetic material + @@ -8898,6 +21942,7 @@ genetic diversity. global climate Climate is the average weather, or more rigorously, the statistical description in terms of the mean and variability of relevant quantities over a period of time ranging from months to thousands or millions of years. The classical period for averaging these variables is 30 years, as defined by the World Meteorological Organization. IPCC 2013 + @@ -8907,6 +21952,7 @@ genetic diversity. global mean temperature increase Gradual increase in global surface temperature, observed or projected, as one of the consequences of radiative forcing caused by anthropogenic emissions. + @@ -8915,6 +21961,7 @@ genetic diversity. global megatrends a widespread and long-term social, economic, environmental, political or technological change, occurring at the global scale, that is slow to form but has a major impact once in place + @@ -8925,6 +21972,8 @@ genetic diversity. global temperature increase + + @@ -8940,11 +21989,19 @@ genetic diversity. coastal erosion The gradual wearing away of material from a coast by the action of sea water. + + good ecological status Status, when the values of the biological quality elements for the surface water body type show low levels of distortion resulting from human activity, but deviate only slightly from those normally associated with the surface water body type under undisturbed conditions. + + + + + + @@ -8952,6 +22009,7 @@ genetic diversity. green economy economy in which policies and innovations enable society to use resources efficiently, enhancing human well‑being in an inclusive manner, while maintaining the natural systems that sustain us + @@ -8961,8 +22019,18 @@ genetic diversity. - greenhouse gas emission - Emission of carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4), nitrous oxide (N2O) and fluorinated gases: hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs), perfluorocarbons (PFCs) and sulphur hexafluoride (SF6) + greenhouse gas emissions + emissions covered by the Kyoto Protocol including carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4), nitrous oxide (N2O) and three fluorinated gases, hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs), perfluorocarbons (PFCs) and sulphur hexafluoride (SF6) + + + + + + + + + + @@ -8983,6 +22051,8 @@ genetic diversity. greenhouse gas protocol international accounting tool for government and business leaders to understand, quantify, and manage greenhouse gas emissions + + @@ -8994,6 +22064,7 @@ genetic diversity. ground biomass All living biomass above the soil including stem, stump, branches, bark, seeds and foliage. + @@ -9007,17 +22078,23 @@ genetic diversity. ground-level ozone Ozone in the lowermost part of the troposphere + + habitat loss loss of suitable habitat for a given species such that the particular species no longer occurs in that area + + + habitats directive - Council Directive 92/43/EEC of 21 May 1992 on the conservation of natural habitats and of wild fauna and flora that ensures the conservation of a wide range of rare, threatened or endemic animal and plant species, as well as rare and characteristic habitat types. The directive evolved to reflect successive enlargements of the EU. A consolidated version of the directive of 2013 includes the latest versions of the annexes + Council Directive 92/43/EEC of 21 May 1992 on the conservation of natural habitats and of wild fauna and flora that ensures the conservation of a wide range of rare, threatened or endemic animal and plant species, as well as rare and characteristic habitat types for conservation in their own right + @@ -9032,6 +22109,7 @@ genetic diversity. health risks any environmental factors (including physical, chemical, biological or socio-economic) that have harmful consequences for human health and the environment + @@ -9044,6 +22122,7 @@ genetic diversity. heat stress condition in which crop performance or survival is compromised by periods of exposure to high temperatures + @@ -9051,11 +22130,14 @@ genetic diversity. coastal fishing Fishing in an area of the sea next to the shoreline. + heavy fuel oil any petroleum-derived liquid fuel, excluding marine fuel + + @@ -9067,12 +22149,18 @@ genetic diversity. human well-being secure and adequate livelihoods, enough food at all times, shelter, clothing, and access to goods: health, feeling well and healthy physical environment, such as clean air and clean water, good social relations, social cohesion, mutual respect, the ability to help others and provide for children; security, including secure access to natural and other resources, personal safety, and security from natural and human-made disasters; freedom of choice and action, including the opportunity to achieve individual values + + hydrodesulphurisation any process that removes sulphur compounds by converting them to hydrogen sulphide, which is then easily extrated and destroyed + + + + @@ -9082,11 +22170,16 @@ genetic diversity. ice cap dome-shaped glacier with radial flow, usually covering a highland area. + + ice loss - a reduction in sea or land ice caused by a range of interdependent processes, including ocean circulation, temperature, weather, and the earth’s albedo. + range of interdependent processes, including ocean circulation, temperature, weather, and the earth’s albedo that contribute to reducing the sea or land ice + + + @@ -9097,7 +22190,10 @@ a highland area. ice sheet - permanent layer of ice covering an extensive tract of land + permanent layer of ice covering an extensive tract of land, especially a polar region + + + @@ -9106,6 +22202,9 @@ a highland area. ice sheet mass balance speed of ice loss and most important indicator of ice sheet change + + + @@ -9115,6 +22214,9 @@ a highland area. indicator-based assessment assessment method useful for synthesizing information and assessing progress towards quantified targets taking into account positive, negative, neutral qualification of an indicator based on the comparison between its observed evolution and/or status, and the desired evolution set for the indicator by means of a frame of reference + + + @@ -9127,6 +22229,17 @@ a highland area. indirect greenhouse gas emissions emissions that are a consequence of the activities of the reporting entity, but occur at sources owned or controlled by another entity + + + + + + + + + + + @@ -9135,6 +22248,8 @@ a highland area. indoor air quality nature of air that affects the health and well-being of the individuals or beings occupying a particular space + + @@ -9144,6 +22259,8 @@ a highland area. industrial waste water treatment treatment of water discharged after being used in, or produced by, industrial processes and which is of no further immediate value to these processes + + @@ -9155,6 +22272,8 @@ a highland area. infectious waste waste that poses a ‘known or suspected’ risk of infection, regardless of the level of infection posed + + @@ -9165,17 +22284,24 @@ a highland area. integrated environmental assessment interdisciplinary process of identification, analysis and appraisal of all the relevant natural and human processes and their interactions which determine both the current and future state of environmental quality, and resources, on appropriate spatial and temporal scales, thus facilitating the framing and implementation of policies and strategies + + + karst area terrains with a complex geology and very special hydrological characteristics + land degradation process which lowers the current and/or potential capability of soil to produce goods and services that can be limited, reversed and avoided through the appropriate management of land + + + @@ -9187,6 +22313,7 @@ a highland area. landfill directive directive that defines the different categories of waste (municipal waste, hazardous waste, non-hazardous waste and inert waste) and applies to all landfills whose aim is to prevent or reduce negative effects on the environment, in particular on surface water, groundwater, soil, air, and on human health by introducing stringent technical requirements for waste and landfills + @@ -9201,6 +22328,7 @@ a highland area. linear economy traditional economy model based on a 'take-make-consume-throw away' approach of resources + @@ -9213,6 +22341,9 @@ a highland area. liquid manure management system uses water to facilitate manure handling, including tanks and lagoons which store manure until it is applied to cropland, and creates the ideal anaerobic environment for methane production + + + @@ -9228,6 +22359,8 @@ a highland area. low carbon economy economy based on low carbon power sources that has a minimal output of greenhouse gas emissions into the environment biosphere, but specifically refers to the greenhouse gas carbon dioxide + + @@ -9243,12 +22376,16 @@ a highland area. low carbon society tbc + manure management system system that stabilizes or stores livestock manure, or does both + + + @@ -9256,6 +22393,7 @@ a highland area. marine biodiversity number of species types in a particular ecosystem in the world's oceans and seas + @@ -9265,6 +22403,8 @@ a highland area. marine biota organisms living in either the pelagic environment (plankton and nekton) or the benthic environment (benthos) + + @@ -9275,6 +22415,8 @@ a highland area. marine diesel oil any marine fuel as defined for DMB grade in Table I of ISO 8217 with the exception of the reference to the sulphur content + + @@ -9285,7 +22427,9 @@ a highland area. marine fuel - Any petroleum-derived liquid fuel intended for use or in use on board a vessel, including those fuels defined in ISO 8217 + any fuel intended for marine use + + @@ -9297,6 +22441,10 @@ a highland area. marine fuel oil mixture of marine-gas-oil and residual fuel oil + + + + @@ -9307,6 +22455,8 @@ a highland area. marine gas oil obtained from the atmospheric distillate of crude and designed to be used in diesel engines which operate under high performance conditions in altitudes under 2000 meters above sea level to generate electric and mechanical power in burners, furnaces, boilers and marine engines + + @@ -9317,7 +22467,8 @@ a highland area. Marine Strategy Framework Directive - EU Directive which establishes a framework within which Member States shall take the necessary measures to achieve or maintain good environmental status in the marine environment by the year 2020 at the latest. + EU Directive with the aim to contribute to coherence between, and to ensure the integration of environmental concerns into, the different policies, agreements and legislative measures which have an impact on the marine environment + @@ -9332,6 +22483,7 @@ a highland area. megatrend a widespread and long-term social, economic, environmental, political or technological change that is slow to form but has a major impact once in place + @@ -9343,12 +22495,21 @@ a highland area. coastal pollution The presence, release or introduction of polluting substances in or onto the seashore or the land near it. + + + mine gas emission total gas from coal seam and dropping coal (rocks) pouring into the wind in unit time + + + + + + @@ -9357,6 +22518,9 @@ a highland area. mineral fertiliser chemical (synthetic) fertiliser containing simple, inorganic plant nutrients or naturally occurring mined minerals + + + @@ -9365,7 +22529,9 @@ a highland area. municipal waste generation - Municipal waste production. This waste originates mostly from households, although waste from commerce and trade, office buildings, institutions and small businesses is also included + waste collected by or on behalf of municipalities, originating mostly from households, although waste from commerce and trade, office buildings, institutions and small businesses is also included + + @@ -9373,8 +22539,10 @@ a highland area. - municipal wastewater - wastewater collected by or on behalf of municipalities originating mostly from households - domestic wastewater, can also include industrial wastewater + municipal waste water + wastewater collected by or on behalf of municipalities originating mostly from households + + @@ -9383,18 +22551,25 @@ a highland area. natural capital all the things that nature provides for our existence, i.e. the basic building blocks of our society, the healthy soils that give us food, the raw materials we need for buildings and clothes, the fresh water we drink and the clean air we breathe. + natural capital accounts detailed statistics for better management of the economy, like accounts for the sectoral inputs of water and energy and outputs of pollution needed to model green growth scenarios. + + + + natural gas consumption total consumption of natural gas (industrial, residential/service and production of electricity) and most important means of reducing CO2 and other greenhouse gases (GHG) emissions + + @@ -9402,21 +22577,23 @@ a highland area. natural sustainable development pursuit of a better quality of life for both present and future generations by linking economic development, protection of the environment and social justice + + night noise environmental noise occurring during the night period with a harmful effect, expressed in decibels (dB) + nitrate directive - Directive aiming at protecting water quality across -Europe by preventing nitrates from agricultural sources polluting ground and -surface waters and by promoting the use of good farming practices + Directive prescribing the maximum amounts of nitrogen that can be applied to land in the form of animal manure in order to prevent further nitrate pollution + @@ -9429,6 +22606,8 @@ surface waters and by promoting the use of good farming practices nitrogen load mass of nitrogen per unit of time, usually measured in pounds or kilograms per day, calculated by multiplying concentrations by flow, such as the treatment plant effluent flow or river streamflow + + @@ -9438,12 +22617,16 @@ surface waters and by promoting the use of good farming practices non-energy use total consumption of fossil fuels as feedstock in the chemical industry, refinery and coke oven products consumed in various economic sectors, as well as the use of solid carbon for the production of metals and inorganic chemicals + + non-forested land lands not qualifying as forested, such as those which are primarily rock, ice or water + + @@ -9451,6 +22634,7 @@ surface waters and by promoting the use of good farming practices non-hazardous waste all waste that is not defined as hazardous + @@ -9474,6 +22658,8 @@ surface waters and by promoting the use of good farming practices non-renewable natural resource resource that does not renew itself at a sufficient rate for sustainable economic extraction in meaningful human time-frames + + @@ -9481,6 +22667,10 @@ surface waters and by promoting the use of good farming practices objective well-being factors such as wealth, health and employment, which are associated with a good life + + + + @@ -9488,6 +22678,8 @@ surface waters and by promoting the use of good farming practices ocean acidification input of anthropogenic CO2 to surface oceans from the atmosphere, leading to shifts in carbon chemistry that can cause changes to rates and fates of primary production and calcification of marine organisms and communities + + @@ -9495,12 +22687,17 @@ surface waters and by promoting the use of good farming practices organic certification certification process for producers of organic food and other organic agricultural products + + organic fertiliser fertiliser which consists of organic materials of biological origin + + + @@ -9513,12 +22710,19 @@ surface waters and by promoting the use of good farming practices organic soil improver - improver containing carbonaceous materials whose main function is to increase soil organic matter content + substance containing carbonaceous materials designed to increase the content of organic matter in soil + + + organisation environmental footprint result of an Organisation Environmental Footprint study based on the Organisation Environmental Footprint method. + + + + @@ -9528,13 +22732,28 @@ surface waters and by promoting the use of good farming practices organisation environmental footprint method - General method to measure and communicate the potential life cycle environmental impact of an organisation as laid down in Annex III of the Recommendation (2013/179/EU). It provides a quantified measurement of the potential environmental performance taking all relevant life cycle stages of an organization into account, from a supply chain perspective. + general method to measure and communicate the potential life cycle environmental impact of an organisation + + + + + + organo-mineral fertiliser fertiliser obtained by combining inorganic fertilisers and organic fertilisers or soil improvers + + + + + + + + + @@ -9548,6 +22767,7 @@ surface waters and by promoting the use of good farming practices orphan disease disease affecting a small patient population (less than 1 in 2,000 citizens) for which it is not commercially viable to develop treatments + @@ -9555,12 +22775,17 @@ surface waters and by promoting the use of good farming practices outdoor air pollution release of several substances, called air pollutants, into the atmosphere, in concentrations that threaten the wellbeing of living organisms or disrupt the function of the environment as a system leading to human health damages in various ways + + ozone depletion steady decline of the ozone concentration in the stratosphere and a decrease in stratospheric ozone in the Polar Regions + + + @@ -9568,21 +22793,27 @@ surface waters and by promoting the use of good farming practices ozone precursor Substances which contribute to the formation of ground-level ozone + + pandemics epidemic so widely spread that vast numbers of people in different countries are affected + park waste biodegradable green waste from parks, gardens including water and wood (lignocellulosis, grass clippings, bush and tree cuttings, leaves, flowers) + physiological change change in the normal function of a living organism + + @@ -9591,11 +22822,13 @@ surface waters and by promoting the use of good farming practices coastal water Coastal waters are typically characterized by a shallow continental shelf, gently sloping seaward to a continental slope, which drops relatively abruptly to the deep ocean. The proximity of coastal water to land also influences the water circulation. In the vicinity of freshwater inflows, the nearshore circulation is altered by the presence of density-driven motions. Coastal waters are under enormous environmental stress, caused by a wide range of factors including pollution and the destruction and deterioration of marine habitats. + plant biostimulant material which contains substances and/or microorganisms whose function when applied to plants or the rhizosphere is to stimulate natural processes to benefit nutrient uptake, nutrient efficiency, tolerance to abiotic stress, and/or crop quality, independently of its nutrient content + @@ -9607,6 +22840,9 @@ as a result of any human activity, whether deliberate or accidental, routine or non-routine, including spilling, emitting, discharging, injecting, disposing or dumping, or through sewer systems without final waste-water treatment; + + + @@ -9616,17 +22852,16 @@ through sewer systems without final waste-water treatment; policy framework - A document or set of documents established at national and/or -regional level which sets out a limited number of coherent priorities established on the basis of -evidence and a timeframe for the implementation of those priorities and which may include a -monitoring mechanism. + evidence and longer-term objectives agreed and implemented in cooperation with relevant stakeholders established in a single policy document or in a set of inter-linked policy documents + policy implementation - process whereby programs or politics are carried out, denoting the translation of plans into practice + process whereby programmes are carried out, thereby putting plans into practice + @@ -9635,6 +22870,7 @@ monitoring mechanism. pollution reduction lowering of pollutant releases into the environment measured on the basis of validated information subsequently published in a pollutant release inventory + @@ -9646,12 +22882,14 @@ monitoring mechanism. primary atmospheric aerosol Fine particulate and/or aerosol matter directly emitted to the atmosphere + primary energy - energy contained in fossil fuels and renewable energy sources that has not been subject to any conversion or transformation process + energy contained in fossil fuels, and renewable energy sources, not subject to any conversion or transformation process + @@ -9665,6 +22903,10 @@ monitoring mechanism. product environmental footprint result of a Product Environmental Footprint study based on the Product Environmental Footprint method + + + + @@ -9673,14 +22915,28 @@ monitoring mechanism. product environmental footprint method - General method to measure and communicate the potential life cycle environmental impact of a product as laid down in Annex II of the Recommendation (2013/179/EU). It provides a quantified measurement of the potential environmental performance taking all relevant life cycle stages of a product into account, from a supply chain perspective. + general method to measure and communicate the potential environmental impact of the lifecycle of a product + + + + + + + + + + prosumerism - Particular type of collaborative consumption that reduces the distinction between producer and consumer such as in the case of distributed energy production systems, enabled by technological innovations such as smart metering and smart grids. + type of collaborative consumption that reduces the distinction between producer and consumer + + + + @@ -9688,17 +22944,22 @@ monitoring mechanism. coastal zone planning The objective of coastal management and planning is the preservation of coastal resources whilst simultaneously satisfying the sometimes conflicting interests and requirements of protection, development, usage and conservation. + + + rare earth one of a set of seventeen chemical elements in the periodic table, specifically the fifteen lanthanides plus scandium and yttrium + renewable energy Energy derived from natural processes (e.g. sunlight and wind) that are replenished at a faster rate than they are consumed. Solar, wind, geothermal, hydro, and some forms of biomass are common sources of renewable energy. + @@ -9715,7 +22976,8 @@ monitoring mechanism. renewable energy directive - establishes an overall policy for the production and promotion of energy from renewable sources in the EU and requires Member States to submit national renewable energy Action Plans with detailed roadmaps of how each Member State expects to reach its legally binding 2020 target for the share of renewable energy in their final energy consumption + legislation establishing an overall policy for the production and promotion of energy from renewable sources in the EU, requiring Member States to submit national renewable energy Action Plans with detailed roadmaps of how each Member State expects to reach its legally binding 2020 target for the share of renewable energy in their final energy consumption + @@ -9727,6 +22989,8 @@ monitoring mechanism. renewable natural resource Renewable natural resources are natural resources that, after exploitation, can return to their previous stock levels by natural processes of growth or replenishment. + + @@ -9735,6 +22999,8 @@ monitoring mechanism. residual fuel oil general classification for the heavier oils that remain after the distillate fuel oils and lighter hydrocarbons are distilled away in refinery operations + + @@ -9746,6 +23012,7 @@ monitoring mechanism. resilience The ability of a system, community or society exposed to hazards to resist, absorb, accommodate to and recover from the effects of a hazard in a timely and efficient manner, including through the preservation and restoration of its essential basic structures and functions. + @@ -9754,6 +23021,10 @@ monitoring mechanism. resource efficiency supply-side measures that tackle inefficiencies across supply chains; overuse of resources and waste when products and services are produced. Being more material resource efficient means using less to produce the same level of output + + + + @@ -9761,6 +23032,10 @@ monitoring mechanism. resource productivity ratio between gross domestic product (GDP) and domestic material consumption (DMC) + + + + @@ -9768,6 +23043,10 @@ monitoring mechanism. resource scarcity dearth or rarity of resources, can be also caused by decline in the quality, availability or productivity of natural resources and lead to reduction in economic well-being + + + + @@ -9777,6 +23056,10 @@ monitoring mechanism. resource use appropriation and use of resources, ecosystems and naturally occurring materials, such as soil, wood, water, and minerals + + + + @@ -9784,11 +23067,14 @@ monitoring mechanism. coastguard A maritime force which aids shipping, saves lives at sea, prevents smuggling, etc. It also responds to emergencies involving oil spills and other discharges at sea and takes the lead in enforcing the law, including assessing penalties for environmental violations. + + resource-efficient economy an economy which creates more with less, delivering greater value with less input, using resources in a sustainable way and minimising their impacts on the environment. + @@ -9804,6 +23090,9 @@ monitoring mechanism. area of land from which all surface run‑off flows through a sequence of streams, rivers or lakes into the sea at a single river mouth, estuary or delta + + + @@ -9813,6 +23102,12 @@ into the sea at a single river mouth, estuary or delta river basin management management of the sustainable use of water resources in a river basin, comprising the main river, all its tributaries and ground water, so as to provide for the social, cultural and economic development by taking into account the basics of ecology + + + + + + @@ -9821,9 +23116,10 @@ into the sea at a single river mouth, estuary or delta road traffic noise - Environmental noise by road traffic. Typically a combination of -'rolling noise' caused by the interaction between the vehicle tyre and the road -surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. + environmental noise generated from vehicles using roads and highways caused by rolling and propulsion + + + @@ -9832,6 +23128,8 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. rural development policy The policy that is targeted to help the rural areas of the EU to meet the wide range of economic, environmental and social challenges of the 21st century. + + @@ -9840,6 +23138,7 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. seagrass Flowering plants which grow in marine, fully saline environments. + @@ -9847,6 +23146,11 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. sealed area land covered with impermeable materials as a result of urban development, infrastructure construction or change in the nature of the soil, leading to impermeability, loss of agricultural or forestry areas and ecological soil functions severely impaired or prevented (e.g. soil working as a buffer and filter) + + + + + @@ -9854,12 +23158,19 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. second generation biofuel production any liquid fuel which is derived by or from qualified feedstocks and meets the registration requirements for fuels and fuel additives + + + + + + secondary atmospheric aerosol Fine particulate and/or aerosol matter that is formed in the atmosphere following the emission of precursor gases + @@ -9867,6 +23178,8 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. sensitive ecosystem semi-natural and natural ecosystems that are sensitive to both natural and human influence and activities because of the diversity of species they support + + @@ -9874,6 +23187,9 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. shale gas natural gas from shale formations + + + @@ -9881,6 +23197,8 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. silviculture art and science of controlling the establishment, growth, composition, health, and quality of forest and woodlands to meet the diverse needs and values of landowners and society on a sustainable basis + + @@ -9889,12 +23207,15 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. smoltification series of physiological changes where juvenile salmonid fish adapt from living in fresh water to living in seawater + social cohesion capacity of a society to ensure the welfare of all its members, minimising disparities and avoiding polarisation + + @@ -9903,6 +23224,8 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. social equity means ensuring that all communities are treated fairly and are given equal opportunity to participate in the planning and decision-making process, with an emphasis on ensuring that traditionally disadvantaged groups are not left behind + + @@ -9911,6 +23234,7 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. soft energy renewable and environmentally safe energy + @@ -9919,6 +23243,7 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. soil biodiversity variation in soil life, from genes to communities, and the ecological complexes of which they are part, that is from soil micro-habitats to landscapes + @@ -9933,6 +23258,8 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. soil biota complex communities of organisms that play fundamental roles in soil formation and contribute, directly or indirectly, to many processes such as nutrient cycling, waste decomposition, soil structure formation and pollination + + @@ -9942,6 +23269,7 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. soil contamination occurrence of pollutants in soil above a certain level, causing a deterioration or loss of one or more soil functions + @@ -9950,6 +23278,8 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. solid fuel use household combustion of coal or biomass such as dung, charcoal, wood or crop residues + + @@ -9960,16 +23290,22 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. coating A material applied onto or impregnated into a substrate for protective, decorative, or functional purposes. Such materials include, but are not limited to, paints, varnishes, sealers, adhesives, thinners, diluents, and inks. + species extinction natural and irrevocable process leading to the death of a species without leaving any progeny and causing complete loss of genetic diversity + sustainable bioenergy production use of biomass as an energy resource that contributes to climate change mitigation, energy security, and economic development goals, results in minimal environmental and social impacts, and attains economic self-sufficiency + + + + @@ -9978,6 +23314,8 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. sustainable consumption use of goods and services that respond to basic needs and bring a better quality of life, while minimising the use of natural resources, toxic materials and emissions of waste and pollutants over the life cycle, so as not to jeopardise the needs of future generations + + @@ -9986,17 +23324,22 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. sustainable development goals integrated and indivisible goals, defined by the United Nations 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, that are global in nature and universally applicable, taking into account different national realities, capacities and levels of development and respecting national policies and priorities + + sustainable fisheries sustainable exploitation of the fisheries stock wich will not prejudice the future exploitation or the marine eco-systems + sustainable forest management - forest biodiversity based on man's intervention + stewardship and use of forests and forest lands in a way, and at a rate, that maintains their biodiversity, productivity, regeneration capacity, vitality and their potential to fulfil, now and in the future, relevant ecological, economic and social functions, at local, national and global levels, and that does not cause damage to other ecosystems + + @@ -10005,6 +23348,8 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. sustainable growth increase in per capita real income or real GNP which can be sustained in the long term (i.e. while maintaining macroeconomic stability and keeping pace with demographic changes) + + @@ -10013,6 +23358,8 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. sustainable management management approach which efficiently integrates economic, environmental and social issues with the aim of creating long-term benefits and securing the support, cooperation, and trust of the local community in a way that will benefit the current and the future generations + + @@ -10021,12 +23368,22 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. sustainable resource use use of natural resources in a way and at a rate that does not lead to the long-term decline of biological diversity, thereby maintaining its potential to meet the needs and aspirations of present and future generations + + + + + + + sustainable tourism Tourism that takes full account of its current and future economic, social and environmental impacts, addressing the needs of visitors, the industry, the environment and host communities + + + @@ -10036,12 +23393,19 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. thermo-mechanical biofuel production treatment of animal by-products under the following conditions + + + + + + transition new definition: multi-dimensional and fundamental processes of change in socio-technical systems and their interactions with ecosystems + @@ -10049,12 +23413,14 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. transitional waters - bodies of surface water in the vicinity of river mouths which are partly saline in character as a result of their proximity to coastal waters but which are substantially influnced by freshwater flows + waters between the land and sea, including fjords, estuaries, lagoons, deltas and rias + tree biomass total amount of living organic matter in trees expressed as oven-dry biomass per unit area (usually in tonnes/hectare) + @@ -10065,22 +23431,30 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. troposheric aerosol composed of various chemical species + + + underground ecosystem habitats of underground living species buffered from profound climatic modifications and thus retaining a broad diversity of living relicts, the great majority of which being represented by terrestrial, troglobitic species, with a reduced mobility + + unmanaged land areas inaccessible to human intervention due to the remoteness of the locations, lands with essentially no development interest or protection due to limited personal, commercial or social value, as well as lands which are potentially of economic value but remain unmanaged due to low population density, remoteness, etc. + + urban biodiversity variety and richness of living organisms, including genetic variation and habitat diversity, found in and on the edge of human settlements + @@ -10090,12 +23464,17 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. urban environment assessment process of data collection, profile and consultations designed to provide an informational and consensual basis for preparing an urban environmental management strategy + + + urban mobility set of transportation and circulation policies and measures which seek to provide ample and democratic access to the urban space, through prioritization of mass transit means of transportation + + @@ -10106,12 +23485,14 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. cobalt A metallic element used chiefly in alloys. + Urban Waste Water Treatment Directive EU directive aiming to protect the environment from the adverse effects of discharges of waste water from urban areas and industry + @@ -10125,8 +23506,11 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. - urban wastewater treatment + urban waste water treatment treatment of wastewater in urban wastewater plants, usually operated by public authorities or private companies mandated by public authorities + + + @@ -10136,12 +23520,19 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. vulnerability assessment analysis of the expected impacts, risks and the adaptive capacity of a region or sector to the effects of climate change + + + waste incineration destruction of waste where the main purpose of the destruction is the thermal treatment of waste in order to reduce the volume and the hazardousness of the waste. + + + + @@ -10150,6 +23541,8 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. waste gas treatment processes in which the gas emissions from waste disposal are converted into harmless substances by means of chemical reactions + + @@ -10159,6 +23552,9 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. waste incineration plant any stationary or mobile technical unit and equipment dedicated to the thermal treatment of waste with or without recovery of the combustion heat generated + + + @@ -10169,13 +23565,18 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. waste management system system developed for the collection, transport, recovery and disposal of waste, including the supervision of such operations and the after-care of disposal sites + + + - wastewater collection + waste water collection process of collecting wastewater from the time it exits residential and industrial sites to the point it arrives at the wastewater treatment plant + + @@ -10185,8 +23586,12 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. - wastewater treatment plant + waste water treatment plant infrastructure providing a series of treatment processes aiming to reduce the level of pollution of wastewater received to an acceptable level before discharge into the receiving waters + + + + @@ -10197,6 +23602,8 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. water efficiency the output over time of a given major sector per volume of (net) water withdrawn + + @@ -10208,11 +23615,13 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. cockroach The most primitive of the living winged insects. It is thought they have been unchanged for more than 300 million years, and are among the oldest fossil insects. Cockroaches are usually found in tropical climates, but a few species, out of the total 3.500 known species, have become pests. They are common household pests in many countries, imported by ship and carried home in grocery bags. Cockroaches eat plant and animal products, including food, paper, clothing and soiled hospital waste, fouling everything they touch with their droppings and unpleasant odour, to which many people are allergic. They are a major health hazard and carry harmful bacteria, protozoan parasites and faunal pathogens, including those that cause typhoid, leprosy and salmonella. Conventional insecticides make little or no impact on the cockroaches population. + Water Framework Directive Directive 2000/60/EC establishing a framework for Community action in the field of water policy + @@ -10228,6 +23637,7 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. water policy environmental sustainability in the management of water resources, via integrated ecosystem approaches, access to good quality water in sufficient quantity and contribution to the internationally agreed targets and goals relevant to water and socio-economic development + @@ -10236,6 +23646,15 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. water scarcity situation in which water demand exceeds the water resources exploitable under sustainable conditions + + + + + + + + + @@ -10244,6 +23663,9 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. water stress sub-optimal disponibility of water which makes impossible to meet human and ecological demand + + + @@ -10252,6 +23674,8 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. water use use of water by agriculture, industry, energy production and households, including in-stream uses such as fishing, recreation, transportation and waste disposal. + + @@ -10265,6 +23689,8 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. wilderness relatively untouched natural areas that have not been significantly modified by human activity, including core areas for nature on land or at sea where nature and wildlife thrive + + @@ -10274,16 +23700,20 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. world biocapacity The global capacity of ecosystems to regenerate what people demand from those surfarces + + World Health Organization international organisation, directing and coordinating authority for health within the United Nations which supports member states in coordinating funds, foundations, civil society organisations and the private sector to meet health objectives and support national health policies and strategies + - Foresight + foresight Forward-looking approach that aims to help decision-makers explore and anticipate in a participatory way what might happen, as well as prepare for a range of possible future scenarios, influence them and shape the futures. Foresight typically involves systematic, participatory, future-intelligence-gathering and medium-to-long-term vision-building processes to uncover a range of possible alternative future visions. Key foresight methods include horizon scanning and scenario building. + @@ -10292,8 +23722,9 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. - Forward-looking studies + forward-looking studies Studies aiming at providing information and advice for shaping the future. The results of forward-looking studies can be fed into the foresight processes, as well as into other strategic decision-making processes, but taken alone they cannot deliver the governance-related benefits that foresight processes offer. Examples of forward-looking studies are environmental outlooks and scenario and megatrend studies. + @@ -10303,16 +23734,18 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. - Futures essay + futures essay Written story lines (based on a literature review and on creative and logical thinking of the authors) used as parts of a horizon scan or a scenario study. A story line consists of a coherent description of several possible or desirable future developments and/or events which can lead to a possible or desirable future. + - Forecasting + forecasting Forward-looking approach aimed at exploring and predicting a surprise-free future. On the basis of assumed continuity or expected events, trends are projected and extrapolated from the past into the future. Key forecasting methods are trend-extrapolation techniques and modeling. + @@ -10320,9 +23753,69 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. + + household waste + waste from accommodation used purely for living purposes and which is disposed of via the normal mixed domestic refuse collection + + + + + indoor smoke + air pollution that contains a range of health-damaging pollutants, such as small particles and carbon monoxide (CO), and levels of particulate pollutants that can many times be higher than accepted guideline values for indoor spaces + + + + + Infrastructure for spatial information in Europe + Directive establishing an infrastructure for spatial information in Europe to support Community environmental policies and policies or activities which may have an impact on the environment. + + + + + landfill waste + waste put on or in the ground + + + + + + landfill waste flows + waste which is deposited in landfill, characterised according to the European Waste Catalogue, and which adds to the inventory of landfill already in place, covering commercial, industrial and household sources, and excluding fractions already recovered for re-use, recycling or incineration + + + + + organic waste water + organic biodegradable wastewater containing organic pollutants, such as sewage, industrial wastewater and the like + + + + + + policy effectiveness + use of particular policy instruments, in such a way as to increase the chance to achieve the defined policy target + + + + + temperature change + change to the global average temperature that can lead to climate change + + + + + flue gas desulphurisation + abatement end-of-pipe technology, which is fitted to large combustion plants such as power plants + + + + chemical oxygen demand The quantity of oxygen used in biological and non-biological oxidation of materials in water; a measure of water quality. + + + @@ -10330,11 +23823,13 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. code of practice A systematic collection of procedures outlining the established method of application of all relevant laws, rules or regulations to a specific endeavor. + code A systematic collection, compendium or revision of laws, rules, or regulations. A private or official compilation of all permanent laws in force consolidated and classified according to subject matter. Many states have published official codes of all laws in force, including the common law and statutes as judicially interpreted, which have been compiled by code commissions and enacted by the legislatures. + @@ -10342,12 +23837,14 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. coelenterate Animals that have a single body cavity (the coelenteron). The name was formerly given to a phylum comprising the Cnidaria and Ctenophora, but these are now regarded as phyla in their own right, and the name Coelenterata has fallen from use, although it is sometimes used as a synonym for Cnidaria. + cogeneration Usually the generation of heat in the form of steam, and the generation of power in the form of electricity. Combined heat and power plants are able to convert a much higher proportion of the energy in fuel into final output. The steam produced may be used through heat exchangers in a district heating scheme, while the electricity provides lighting and power. + @@ -10356,6 +23853,9 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. co-incineration Joint incineration of hazardous waste, in any form, with refuse and/or sludge. + + + @@ -10363,10 +23863,14 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. coke A coherent, cellular, solid residue remaining from the dry distillation of a coking coal or of pitch, petroleum, petroleum residue, or other carbonaceous materials; contains carbon as its principal constituent. + + cold + + @@ -10374,34 +23878,47 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. cold zone ecosystem The interacting system of a biological community and its non-living environmental surroundings located in climatic regions where the air temperature is below 10° Celsius for eight to eleven months of the year. + + coliform bacterium A group of bacteria that are normally abundant in the intestinal tracts of human and other warm-blooded animals and are used as indicators (being measured as the number of individuals found per millilitre of water) when testing the sanitary quality of water. + + colloid An intimate mixture of two substances, one of which, called the dispersed phase, is uniformly distributed in a finely divided state through the second substance, called the dispersion medium. + + + + colloidal state A system of particles in a dispersion medium, with properties distinct from those of a true solution because of the larger size of the particles. The presence of these particles can often be detected by means of the ultramicroscope. + colonisation The successful invasion of a new habitat by a species. + aerosol A gaseous suspension of ultramicroscopic particles of a liquid or a solid. + + + @@ -10410,17 +23927,25 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. colourimetry Any technique by which an unknown colour is evaluated in terms of standard colours; the technique may be visual, photoelectric or indirect by means of spectrophotometry. + + + colour An attribute of things that results from the light they reflect, transmit, or emit in so far as this light causes a visual sensation that depends on its wavelengths. + combination effect A combined effect of two or more substances or organisms which is greater than the sum of the individual effect of each. + + + + @@ -10428,11 +23953,15 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. combined cycle-power station This type of plant is flexible in response and can be built in the 100-600 MW capacity range. It produces electrical power from both a gas turbine (ca. 1300°C gas inlet temperature), fuelled by natural gas or oil plus a steam turbine supplied with the steam generated by the 500°C exhaust gases from the gas turbine. The thermal efficiency of these stations is ca. 50 per cent compared with a maximum of 40 per cent from steam turbine coal fired power stations. This type of plant can be built in two years compared with six years for a coal-fired station and 10-15 years for nuclear. + + + combined waste water A mixture of domestic or industrial wastewater and surface runoff. + @@ -10440,12 +23969,17 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. combustibility The property of a substance of being capable of igniting and burning. + + combustion engine An engine that operates by the energy of combustion of a fuel. + + + @@ -10455,6 +23989,7 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. combustion gas The exhaust gas from a combustion process. It may contain nitrogen oxides, carbon oxides, water vapour, sulfur oxides, particles and many chemical pollutants. + @@ -10462,6 +23997,9 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. combustion residue A residual layer of ash on the heat-exchange surfaces of a combustion chamber, resulting from the burning of fuel. + + + @@ -10470,11 +24008,14 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. commercialisation Holding or displaying for sale, offering for sale, selling, delivering or placing on the market in any other form. + + commercial law The whole body of substantive jurisprudence applicable to the rights, intercourse and relations of persons engaged in commerce, trade or mercantile pursuits. + @@ -10484,6 +24025,7 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. commercial noise Noise emitted from commercial activities. + @@ -10491,6 +24033,11 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. commercial traffic The operations and movements related to the transportation and exchange of goods. + + + + + @@ -10498,27 +24045,36 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. commercial vehicle Vehicle designed and equipped for the transportation of goods. + trade waste All types of waste generated by offices, restaurants, shops, warehouses and other such non-manufacturing sources, and non-processing waste generated at manufacturing facilities such as office and packaging waste. + + common agricultural policy The set of regulations and practices adopted by member countries of the European Community that consolidates efforts in promoting or ensuring reasonable pricing, fair standards of living, stable markets, increased farm productivity and methods for dealing with food supply or surplus. + + + common agreement A system of law established by following earlier judicial decisions and customs, rather than statutory or legislatively enacted law. + - communications + communication The concept, science, technique and process of transmitting, receiving or otherwise exchanging information and data. + + @@ -10530,12 +24086,14 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.ecological community 1) All of the plants and animals in an area or volume; a complex association usually containing both animals and plants. 2) Any naturally occurring group of organisms that occupy a common environment. + Community law The law of European Community (as opposed to the national laws of the member states.) It consists of the treaties establishing the EC (together with subsequent amending treaties) community legislation, and decisions of the court of justice of the European Communities. Any provision of the treaties or of community legislation that is directly applicable or directly effective in a member state forms part of the law of that state and prevails over its national law in the event of any inconsistency between the two. + @@ -10544,72 +24102,97 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. community participation Involvement in public or private actions, as members or as a member of a particular ethnic, political or social group, with the purpose of exerting influence. + community-pays principle A tenet of environmental policy, according to which the costs of ecological challenges, environmental quality improvements and the removal of environmental hazards are allotted to community groups or local corporations and, thereby, to the general public. + + commuter traffic Traffic caused by people travelling regularly over some distance, as between a suburb and a city and back, between their place of residence and their place of work. + + + commuting + + compaction Reduction of the bulk of solid waste by rolling and tamping. + + + company policy Official guidelines or set of guidelines adopted by a company for the management of its activity. + + aesthetics Considerations, values, and judgements pertaining to the quality of the human perceptual experience (including sight, sound, smell, touch, taste, and movement) evoked by phenomena or components of the environment. + + comparative law The study of the principles of legal science by the comparison of various systems of law. + comparative test Tests conducted to determine whether one procedure is better than another. + comparison The placing together or juxtaposing of two or more items to ascertain, bring into relief, or establish their similarities and dissimilarities. + + compensation Equivalent in money for a loss sustained; equivalent given for property taken or for an injury done to another; recompense or reward for some loss, injury or service. + compensatory measure Any administrative or legislative action, procedure or enactment designed to redress disruptions of ecological integrity or damage to the supply of natural resources. + compensatory tax Compulsory charge levied by a government for the purpose of redressing or countervailing economic disparity. + + + competition (biological) The simultaneous demand by two or more organisms or species for an essential common resource that is actually or potentially in limited supply. + @@ -10617,6 +24200,7 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. economic competition The market condition where an individual or firm that wants to buy or sell a commodity or service has a choice of possible suppliers or customers. + @@ -10625,26 +24209,34 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. competitiveness The ability of a firm to strive in the market with rivals in the production and sale of commodities or services and, analogously, the ability of a country to maintain a relatively high standard of living for its citizens through trade in international markets. + complex formation Formation of a complex compound. Also known as complexing or complexation. + complexing agent A substance capable of forming a complex compound with another material in solution. + + composite pollution Emissions of ozone-degrading gases (CFCs, halons); emissions of greenhouse gases (carbon dioxide, methane, CFCs, nitrous oxides, halons); emissions of acidifying gases (sulfur oxides, nitrogen oxides); emissions of substances that contribute to eutrophication (phosphate and nitrogen-containing materials); emissions of toxic materials (pesticides, radioactive substances, priority toxic substances); solid wastes returned to the environment. + compost A mixture of decaying organic matter used to fertilize and condition the soil. + + + @@ -10652,6 +24244,8 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. compostable waste Waste consisting largely of biodegradable organic matter. + + @@ -10663,32 +24257,42 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. composting The natural biological decomposition of organic material in the presence of air to form a humus-like material. Controlled methods of composting include mechanical mixing and aerating, ventilating the materials by dropping them through a vertical series of aerated chambers, or placing the compost in piles out in the open air and mixing it or turning it periodically. + + composting by producer + + compression Reduction in the volume of a substance due to pressure. + + compressor A mechanical device a) to provide the desired pressure for chemical and physical reactions, b) to control boiling points of fluids, as in gas separation, refrigeration, and evaporation, c) to evacuate enclosed volumes, d) to transport gases or vapors, e) to store compressible fluids as gases or liquids under pressure and assist in recovering them from storage or tank cars, and f) to convert mechanical energy to fluid energy for operating instruments, air agitation, fluidization, solid transport, blowcases, air tools, and motors. + + compulsory use + European Communities The collective body that resulted in 1967 from the merger of the administrative networks of the European Atomic Energy Community (EURATOM), the European Coal and Steel Community (ECSC), and the European Economic Community (EEC). The singular term has also been widely used. + @@ -10696,6 +24300,8 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.1) Establishment of a new forest by seeding or planting of nonforested land. 2) The planting of trees on land which was previously used for other uses than forestry. 3) The planting of trees in an area, or the management of an area to allow trees to regenerate or colonize naturally, in order to produce a forest. + + @@ -10704,6 +24310,7 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. concentration (value) In solutions, the mass, volume, or number of moles of solute present in proportion to the amount of solvent or total solution. + @@ -10717,58 +24324,81 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. concentration (process) The process of increasing the quantity of a component in a solution. The opposite of dilution. + + + concrete A mixture of aggregate, water, and a binder, usually Portland cement; it hardens to stonelike condition when dry. + + concrete products industry + + + condensation (process) Transformation from a gas to a liquid. + + + conductivity The ratio of the electric current density to the electric field in a material. Also known as electrical conductivity. + + conflicting use + + conflict of aims + conflict of interests Clash between public interest and the private pecuniary interest of the individual concerned. A situation in which regard for one duty tends to lead to disregard of another. + congress A formal meeting, often consisting of representatives of various organizations, that is assembled to promote, discuss or make arrangements regarding a particular subject or some matter of common interest. + conifer An order of conebearing plants which includes nearly all the present day Gymnospermae. Most are tall evergreen trees with needle-like (e.g., pines), linear (e.g. firs) or scale-like (e.g., cedars) leaves. They are characteristic of temperate zones and the main forest trees of colder regions. They provide timber, resins, tars, turpentine and pulp for paper. + + coniferous forest A forest type characterized by cone-bearing, needle-leaved trees. They are generally, but not necessarily, evergreen and relatively shallow-rooted. Since they grow more rapidly than most broad-leaved trees, conifers are extensively planted as a source of softwood timber and pulp. They are tolerant of wide-ranging climatic conditions, of many different types of soil and of considerable differences in terrain. Thus, they are found from the polar latitudes to the tropics, on most types of soils (especially, thin acid soils) and from mountain summits to coastal environments. + + Africa The second largest of the continents, on the Mediterranean in the north, the Atlantic in the west, and the Red Sea, Gulf of Aden, and Indian Ocean in the east. The Sahara desert divides the continent unequally into North Africa and Africa south of Sahara. The largest lake is Lake Victoria and the chief rivers are the Nile, Niger, Congo, and Zambezi. The hottest continent, Africa has vast mineral resources, many of which are still undeveloped. + @@ -10778,51 +24408,73 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. conservation + + freshwater conservation Controlled utilization, protection or improvement of a natural body of water that does not contain significant amounts of dissolved salts and minerals, such as a lake or river. + + conservation of genetic resources Controlled utilization, protection and development of the gene pool of natural and cultivated organisms to ensure variety and variability and for current and potential value to human welfare. + + + conservation of monuments Measures adopted for the protection and the maintenance of hystorical and art monuments. + + + afterburning An afterburner is a gadget fitted to the exhaust flues of furnaces and also to the exhaust systems of motor vehicles. They remove polluting gases and particles, which are the result of incompletely combusted fuel, by incineration and break down other chemical molecules associated with combustion into inert chemicals. + + + constitutional law That branch of the public law of a nation or state which treats of the organization, powers and frame of government, the distribution of political and governmental authorities and functions, the fundamental principles which are to regulate the relations of government and citizen and which prescribes generally the plan and method according to which the public affairs of the nation or state are to be administered. + construction equipment Heavy power machines which perform specific construction or demolition functions. + + construction noise Noise resulting from construction activities such as site preparation, site clearance, demolition of existing buildings, piling, concreting, erection of structures, etc. + + construction of installations + + construction technology + + @@ -10832,17 +24484,25 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. age The period of time that a person, animal or plant has lived or is expected to live. + + + construction with recycled material Construction with waste product used as raw material. + + + construction work The construction, rehabilitation, alteration, conversion, extension, demolition or repair of buildings, highways, or other changes or improvement to real property, including facilities providing utility services. The term also includes the supervision, inspection, and other on-site functions incidental to the actual construction. + + @@ -10854,11 +24514,14 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. consultation Any meeting or inquiry of concerned persons or advisors for the purpose of deliberation, discussion or decision on some matter or action. + consumer behaviour An observable pattern of activity concerned with the purchase of goods and services and susceptible to the influence of marketing and advertising strategies. + + @@ -10866,11 +24529,15 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. consumer goods Manufactured products intended primarily for personal use by individuals or families and classified as either durables or non-durables, depending on length of use. + + consumer group A collection of persons united to address concerns regarding the purchase and use of specific commodities or services. + + @@ -10878,23 +24545,31 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. consumer information Factual, circumstantial and, often, comparative knowledge concerning various goods, services or events, their quality and the entities producing them. + + + consumer protection Information disseminated or measures and programs established to prevent and reduce damage, injury or loss to users of specific commodities and services. + consumer waste Materials purchased, used and discarded by the buyer, or consumer, as opposed to those discarded in a manufacturing process. + + consumption Spending for survival or enjoyment in contrast to providing for future use or production. + + @@ -10903,6 +24578,8 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. consumption pattern The combination of qualities, quantities, acts and tendencies characterizing a community or human group's use of resources for survival, comfort and enjoyment. + + @@ -10919,6 +24596,8 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. container A large case that can be transported by truck and than easily loaded on a ship. + + @@ -10929,16 +24608,20 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. containment (nuclear industry) The reinforced steel or concrete vessel that encloses a nuclear reactor. It is designed to withstand minor explosions in the core, to keep radionuclides from escaping into the environment, and to be safe against terrorist attack. + contaminated soil Soil which because of its previous or current use has substances under, on or in it which, depending upon their concentration and/or quantity, may represent a direct potential or indirect hazard to man or to the environment. + + contamination Introduction into or onto water, air, soil or other media of microorganisms, chemicals, toxic substances, wastes, wastewater or other pollutants in a concentration that makes the medium unfit for its next intended use. + @@ -10949,22 +24632,26 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. continental shelf The gently sloping seabed of the shallow water nearest to a continent, covering about 45 miles from the shore and deepening over the sloping sea floor to an average depth of 400 ft. It continues until it reaches the continental slope. The continental shelf contains most of the important fishing grounds and a range of resources, including gas and oil, sand and gravel. However, the shelf is, in general, a structural extension of the continent, and so may also be a source of minerals found in that region, such as tin, gold and platinum. + continuous load The amount or quantity of polluting material found in a transporting agent that flows at a steady rate, in contrast to a sudden or dramatic influx. + contour farming The performing of cultivations along lines connecting points of equal elevation so reducing the loss of top soil by erosion, increasing the capacity of the soil to retain water and reducing the pollution of water by soil. + contract An agreement between two or more persons which creates an obligation to do or not to do a particular thing. Its essential are competent parties, subject matter, a legal consideration, mutuality of agreement, and mutuality of obligation. + @@ -10973,17 +24660,23 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. contract cleaner A commercial service provider, usually bound by a written agreement, responsible for the removal of dirt, litter or other unsightly materials from any property. + controlled burning The planned use of carefully controlled fire to accomplish predetermined management goals. The burn is set under a combination of weather, fuel moisture, soil moisture, and fuel arrangement conditions that allow the management objectives to be attained, and yet confine the fire to the planned area. + controlled hunting zone An administered geographic area in which the pursuit, capture and killing of wild animals for food or sport, is allowed, often with certain restrictions or regulations. + + + + @@ -10991,10 +24684,13 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. controlling authority The power of a person or an organized assemblage of persons to manage, direct, superintend, restrict, regulate, govern, administer or oversee. + control measure + + @@ -11002,12 +24698,15 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.1) A large densely populated urban sprawl formed by the growth and coalescence of individual towns or cities. 2) Large area covered with buildings (houses or factories or public building, etc.) 3) A large area occupied by urban development, which may contain isolated rural areas, and formed by the merging together of expanding towns that formerly were separate. + + convention International agreement on a specific topic. + @@ -11018,6 +24717,7 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. conventional energy Power provided by traditional means such as coal, wood, gas, etc., as opposed to alternative energy sources such as solar power, tidal power, wind power, etc. + @@ -11028,84 +24728,109 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. cooling Setting aside a highly radioactive material until the radioactivity has diminished to a desired level. + cooling oil Oil used as a cooling agent, either with forced circulation or with natural circulation. + cooling tower A device that aids in heat removal from water used as a coolant in electric power generating plants. + + + + cooling water Water used to make something less hot, such as the irradiated elements from a nuclear reactor or the engine of a machine. + + + co-operation + co-operation principle + co-ordination + copper A chemical element; one of the most important nonferrous metals; a ductile and malleable metal found in various ores and used in industry, engineering, and the arts in both pure and alloyed form. + coppice A growth of small trees that are repeatedly cut down at short intervals; the new shoots are produced by the old stumps. + + coral The skeleton of certain solitary and colonial anthozoan coelenterates; composed chiefly of calcium carbonate. + coral reef Coral reefs have been built up from the skeletons of reef-building coral a small primitive marine animal, and other marine animals and algae over thousands of years. They occur in clear, shallow and sunlit seas. Coral reefs are one of the most productive and diverse ecosystems and are estimated to yield about 12% of the world's fish catch. They are very vulnerable to any change in their environment, especially pollution, because it makes the water opaque. They must have light in order that photosyntesis by the algae can take place. Like trees, corals reflect the environmental conditions in which they grow, indicating marine pollution, sea-surface temperature and other aquatic conditions. + + chordate The highest phylum in the animal kingdom, characterized by a notochord, nerve cord, and gill slits; includes the urochordate, lancelets and vertebrates. + core meltdown An accidental overheating of the part of the nuclear reactor where fission takes place, causing fuel elements and other parts of the reactor to melt, potentially leading to catastrophic consequences in which dangerous levels of radioactive materials would be released into the environment. + + cork The thick light porous outer bark of the cork oak, used widely as an insulator and for stoppers for bottles, casks, etc. + + corridor A physical linkage, connecting two areas of habitat and differing from the habitat on either side. Corridors are used by organisms to move around without having to leave the preferred habitat. + corrosion A process in which a solid, especially a metal, is eaten away and changed by a chemical action. + @@ -11113,53 +24838,67 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. corrosion inhibitor A chemical agent which slows down or prohibits a corrosion reaction. + + cosmetic industry Industry for the production of substances for improving the appearance of the body. + + + cosmic radiation Radiations consisting of atomic nuclei, especially protons, of very high energy that reach the earth from outer space. Some cosmic radiations are very energetic and are able to penetrate a mile or more into the Earth. + + cost-benefit Relation between costs of a certain activity and its benefits to a certain community. + cost-benefit analysis The attempt to assess, compare and frequently justify the total price or loss represented by a certain activity or expenditure with the advantage or service it provides. + agreement (legal) The coming together in accord of two minds on a given proposition. In law, a concord of understanding and intention between two or more parties with respect to the effect upon their relative rights and duties, of certain past or future facts or performances. The consent of two or more persons concerning respecting the transmission of some property, right, or benefits, with the view of contracting an obligation, a mutual obligation. + cost increase The augmentation or rise in the amount of money incurred or asked for in the exchange of goods and services. + cost recovery basis A standard used to provide reimbursement to individuals or organizations for any incurred expense or provided service. + cost reduction The lessening or lowering in the amount of money incurred or asked for in the exchange of goods and services. + cost In economics, the value of the factors of production used by a firm in producing or distributing goods and services or engaging in both activities. + @@ -11174,21 +24913,27 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. pollution cost The amount of money incurred as a result of human-made or human-induced alteration of the physical, biological, chemical, and radiological integrity of air, water, and other media. + + national economic costs The amount of money incurred as a result of the financial management of a nation's financial resources. + cotton The most economical natural fiber, obtained from plants of the genus Gossypium, used in making fabrics, cordage, and padding and for producing artificial fibers and cellulose. + + agreement (contract) An agreement, convention, or promise of two or more parties, by deed in writing, signed, and delivered, by which either of the parties pledges himself to the other that something is either done, or shall be done, or shall not be done, or stipulates for the truth of certain facts. + @@ -11196,35 +24941,45 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. county An area comprising more than one city and whose boundaries have been designed according to some biological, political, administrative, economic, demographic criteria. + court of justice A tribunal having jurisdiction of appeal and review, including the ability to overturn decisions of lower courts or courts of first instance. + covering + agricultural biotechnology + + + craft An occupation or trade requiring manual dexterity or skilled artistry. + credit assistance The help and support from banks and other financial institutions in providing money or goods without requiring present payment. + agricultural building The buildings and adjacent service areas of a farm. + + @@ -11233,12 +24988,14 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. criminality A violation of the law, punishable by the State in criminal proceedings. + criminal law That body of the law that deals with conduct considered so harmful to society as a whole that it is prohibited by statute, prosecuted and punished by the government. + @@ -11248,22 +25005,30 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. critical level General term referring to the concentration limit beyond which a substance can cause dangerous effects to living organisms. + + + critical load The maximum load that a given system can tolerate before failing. + + + crocodile Any large tropical reptile of the family Crocodylidae: order Crocodylia. They have a broad head, tapering snout, massive jaws, and a thick outer covering of bony plates. + crop protection The problem of crop protection has changed dramatically since 1945. There is now a whole arsenal of chemicals with which to combat agricultural pests and diseases, but this development has itself many drawbacks. Such sophisticated techniques are available only to a minority of farmers; in most parts of the world the standard of crop protection remains abysmally low. In addition, modern crop protection methods have been criticized for relying too heavily on chemical control. Biological controls, both natural and contrived, have been neglected. In some cases involving misuse of agricultural chemicals, crops must be protected from the very measures intended for their protection. Meanwhile previously localized pests and diseases continue to spread worldwide. + @@ -11273,17 +25038,23 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. crop rotation An agricultural technique in which, season after season, each field is sown with crop plants in a regular rotation, each crop being repeated at intervals of several years. Crop rotation minimizes the risks of depleting the soil of particular nutrients. In rotation systems, a grain crop is often grown the first year, followed by a leafy-vegetable crop in the second year, and a pasture crop in the third. The last usually contains legumes; such plants can restore nitrogen to the soil. Notwithstanding, high yields tend to depend upon the continued addition of chemical fertilizers to the soil. + crop waste Any unusable portion of plant matter left in a field after harvest. + + crossing place A place, often shown by markings, lights, or poles, where a street, railway, etc. may be crossed. + + + @@ -11291,27 +25062,38 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. crossing place for animals Bridges and tunnels provided for animals for crossing roads and railways. Railway and road infrastructures represent an hindrance to wildlife migration. + + + + crude oil A comparatively volatile liquid bitumen composed principally of hydrocarbon, with traces of sulphur, nitrogen or oxygen compounds; can be removed from the earth in a liquid state. + + cruising Travelling by sea in a liner for pleasure, usually calling at a number of ports. + + + crustacean A class of arthropod animals having jointed feet and mandibles, two pairs of antennae, and segmented, chitin-encased bodies. + cryptogam A large group of plants, comprising the Thallophyta, Bryophyta and Pteridophyta, the last of which are cryptogams. + @@ -11323,22 +25105,28 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. crystallisation The formation of crystalline substances from solutions or melts. + + crystallography The branch of science that deals with the geometric description of crystals and their internal arrangement. + cultivated plant Plants specially bred or improved by cultivation. + + cultivation The practice of growing and nurturing plants outside of their wild habitat (i.e., in gardens, nurseries, arboreta). + @@ -11356,6 +25144,7 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. cultivation method Any procedure or approach used to prepare land or soil for the growth of new crops, or to promote or improve the growth of existing crops. + @@ -11363,15 +25152,21 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. cultural development The process whereby the capabilities or possibilities inherent in a people's beliefs, customs, artistic activity and knowledge are brought out or made more effective. + agricultural ecology + + cultural facility Any building or structure used for programs or activities involving the arts or other endeavors that encourage refinement or development of the mind. + + + @@ -11394,6 +25189,7 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. cultural heritage The inherited body of beliefs, customs, artistic activity and knowledge that has been transmitted by ancestors. + @@ -11408,15 +25204,18 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. cultural indicator Cultural indicators give information about societies, which may be interesting even when one is not trying to evaluate the cultures of these societies from any normative point of view. Cultural indicators may also have an evaluative purpose involving explicit or implicit normative criteria. + cultural policy + culture (society) The body of customary beliefs, social forms, and material traits constituting a distinct complex of tradition of a racial or social group. + @@ -11427,21 +25226,28 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. curriculum The aggregate of courses of study provided in a particular school, college, university, adult education program, technical institution or some other educational program. + custom and usage A group pattern of habitual activity usually transmitted across generations and, in some instances, having the force of law. + + customs Duties charged upon commodities on their importation into, or exportation out of, a country. + + agricultural economics An applied social science that deals with the production, distribution, and consumption of agricultural or farming goods and services. + + @@ -11450,64 +25256,86 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. cutting (forestry) The act or process of felling or uprooting standing trees, in order to produce timber products. + cyanate A salt or ester of cyanic acid containing the radical OCN. + cyanide Any of a group of compounds containing the CN group and derived from hydrogen cyanide, HCN. + agricultural effluent Any solid, liquid or gas that enters the environment as a by-product of agricultural activities. + + + cyclone A storm characterized by the converging and rising giratory movement of the wind around a zone of low pressure (the eye) towards which it is violently pulled from a zone of high pressure. Its circulation is counterclockwise round the center in the northern hemisphere, clockwise in the southern hemisphere. + + cytology A branch of the biological sciences which deals with the structure, behaviour, growth, and reproduction of cells and the functions and chemistry of cell components. + cytotoxicity The degree to which an agent possesses a specific destructive action on certain cells or the possession of such action; used particularly in referring to the lysis of cells by immune phenomena and to antineoplastic drugs that selectively kill dividing cells. + agricultural engineering A discipline concerned with developing and improving the means for providing food and fiber for mankind's needs. + + dairy farm A commercial establishment for processing or selling milk and milk products. + + + dairy industry Production of food made from milk or milk products. + + dairy product Products derived from milk, such as butter, cheese, lactose, etc. + + dam Structure constructed across a watercourse or stream channel. + + + @@ -11516,26 +25344,39 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. damage An injury or harm impairing the function or condition of a person or thing. + + + damage from military manoeuvres Injury or harm resulting from the planned movement of armed forces or from the tactical exercises simulating war operations that is carried out for training and evaluation purposes. + + damage prevention The aggregate of approaches and measures to ensure that human action or natural phenomena do not cause damage. It implies the formulation and implementation of long-range policies and programmes to eliminate or prevent the damages caused by disasters. + hazardous chemical export Transporting substances capable of producing adverse health effects, fires or explosions to other countries or areas for the conduct of foreign trade. + + + + + dangerous goods Goods or products that are full of hazards or risks when used, transported, etc. + + @@ -11543,35 +25384,45 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. agricultural equipment Machines utilized for tillage, planting, cultivation, and harvesting of crops. + dangerous goods law + + dangerous goods regulation Rules on the handling of articles or substances capable of posing a significant risk to health, safety, or property, and that ordinarily require special attention when being transported. + + data acquisition The act of collecting and gathering individual facts, statistics or other items of information. + + data analysis The evaluation of digital data, i.e. data represented by a sequence of code characters. + + data base A computerized compilation of data, facts and records that is organized for convenient access, management and updating. + @@ -11579,6 +25430,7 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. data carrier A medium on which data can be recorded, and which is usually easily transportable, such as cards, tape, paper, or disks. + @@ -11586,6 +25438,7 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. data exchange A reciprocal transfer of individual facts, statistics or items of information between two or more parties for the purpose of enhancing knowledge of the participants. + @@ -11593,6 +25446,7 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. data processing Any operation or combination of operations on data, including everything that happens to data from the time they are observed or collected to the time they are destroyed. + @@ -11601,37 +25455,52 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. data protection Policies, procedures or devices designed to maintain the integrity or security of informational elements in storage or in transmission. + + + data recording technique The body of specialized procedures and methods used for the preservation, collocation or registration of individual elements of information. + agricultural exploitation + dating Any of several techniques such as radioactive dating, dendrochronology, or varve dating, for establishing the age of rocks, palaeontological or archaeological specimens, etc. + decay product An isotope formed by the radioactive decay of some other isotope. This newly formed isotope possesses physical and chemical properties that are different from those of its parent isotope, and may also be radioactive. + + + DDT A persistent organochlorine insecticide, also known as dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane, that was introduced in the 1940s and used widely because of its persistence (meaning repeated applications were unnecessary), its low toxicity to mammals and its simplicity and cheapness of manufacture. It became dispersed all over the world and, with other organochlorines, had a disruptive effect on species high in food chains, especially on the breeding success of certain predatory birds. DDT is very stable, relatively insoluble in water, but highly soluble in fats. Health effects on humans are not clear, but it is less toxic than related compounds. It is poisonous to other vertebrates, especially fish, and is stored in the fatty tissue of animals as sublethal amounts of the less toxic DDE. Because of its effects on wildlife its use in most countries is now forbidden or strictly limited. + + + acceptable risk level Level of risk judged to be outweighed by corresponding benefits or one that is of such a degree that it is considered to pose minimal potential for adverse effects. + + + @@ -11639,6 +25508,7 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. debt Something owed to someone else. + @@ -11646,35 +25516,50 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. debt service The fees or amount of money necessary to pay interest on an outstanding debt, the principal of maturing serial bonds, and the required contributions to an amortization or sinking fund for term bonds. + + racking The mechanical dewatering of a wet solid by pouring off the liquid without disturbing the underlying sediment or precipitate. + + decentralisation Basic organizational leadership concept and process of shifting and delegating power and authority from a higher level to subordinate levels within the administrative/managerial hierarchy in order to promote independence, responsibility, and quicker decision-making in applying or interpreting policies and procedures to the needs of these levels. + deciduous forest The temperate forests comprised of trees that seasonally shed their leaves, located in the east of the USA, in Western Europe from the Alps to Scandinavia, and in the eastern Asia. The hardwood of these forests have been exploited since the 16th century. The trees of deciduous forests usually produce nuts and winged seeds. + + deciduous tree Tree losing its leaves in autumn and growing new ones in the spring. + + + decision Means the exercise of agency authority at any stage of an undertaking where alterations might be made in the undertaking to modify its impact upon historic and cultural properties. + + decision process + + + @@ -11684,11 +25569,16 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. decomposition The more or less permanent breakdown of a molecule into simpler molecules or atoms. + decontamination The removing of chemical, biological, or radiological contamination from, or the neutralizing of it on a person, object, or area. + + + + @@ -11698,42 +25588,54 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. agricultural land Land used primarily for the production of plant or animal crops, including arable agriculture, dairying, pasturage, apiaries, horticulture, floriculture, viticulture, animal husbandry and the necessary lands and structures needed for packing, processing, treating, or storing the produce. + decree A declaration of the court announcing the legal consequences of the facts found. + deep sea Region of open ocean beyond the continental shelf. + deep sea deposit + + deep-sea disposal The disposal of solid waste or sludge by carrying the wastes out to sea, usually in a barge, and dumping into deep water. + + + deep sea fishing Fishing in the deepest parts of the sea. + deer The common name for 41 species of even-toed ungulates that compose the family Cervidae in the order Artiodactyla; males have antlers. + + defence The act or process of protecting citizens or any geographical area by preparing for or by using military means to resist the attack of an enemy. + @@ -11741,12 +25643,16 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.defoliation 1) The drop of foliage from plants caused by herbicides such as Agent Orange, diuron, triazines, all of which interfere with photosynthesis. The use of defoliants, as in Vietnam or in jungle clearance for agriculture, can permanently destroy tropical forests. Once the tree cover is removed, the soil is subjected to erosion and precious nutrients are rapidly leached away. 2) Destroying (an area of jungle, forest, etc.) as by chemical sprays or incendiary bombs, in order to give enemy troops or guerilla forces no place of concealment. + + deforestation The removal of forest and undergrowth to increase the surface of arable land or to use the timber for construction or industrial purposes. Forest and its undergrowth possess a very high water-retaining capacity, inhibiting runoff of rainwater. + + @@ -11755,6 +25661,7 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. degradability The capacity of being decomposed chemically or biologically. + @@ -11763,12 +25670,16 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. agricultural landscape + + degradation A type of organic chemical reaction in which a compound is converted into a simpler compound in stages. + + @@ -11778,6 +25689,7 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. degradation of natural resources The result of the cumulative activities of farmers, households, and industries, all trying to improve their socio-economic well being. These activities tend to be counterproductive for several reasons. People may not completely understand the long-term consequences of their activities on the natural resource base. The most important ways in which human activity is interfering with the global ecosystem are: a) fossil fuel burning which may double the atmospheric carbon dioxide concentration by the middle of the next century, as well as further increasing the emissions of sulphur and nitrogen very significantly; b) expanding agriculture and forestry and the associated use of fertilizers (nitrogen and phosphorous) are significantly altering the natural circulation of these nutrients; c) increased exploitation of the freshwater system both for irrigation in agriculture and industry and for waste disposal. + @@ -11786,6 +25698,8 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. degradation product Those chemicals resulting from partial decomposition or chemical breakdown of substances. + + @@ -11794,6 +25708,8 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.1) Removing grease from wool with chemicals. 2) Removing grease from hides or skins in tanning by tumbling them in solvents. 3) Removing grease, oil, or fatty material from a metal surface with fumes from a hot solvent. + + @@ -11802,31 +25718,42 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. de-inking Series of processes by which various types of printing inks are removed from paper fibre pulp during the pre-processing and recycling of recovered paper products. Particularly necessary where high quality and whiteness of the finished product are required. + + + delinquency + + delta A delta is a vast, fan-shaped creation of land, or low-lying plain, formed from successive layers of sediment washed from uplands to the mouth of some rivers, such as the Nile, the Mississippi and the Ganges. The nutrient-rich sediment is deposited by rivers at the point where, or before which, the river flows into the sea. Deltas are formed when rivers supply and deposit sediments more quickly that they can be removed by waves of ocean currents. The importance of deltas was first discovered by prehistoric man, who was attracted to them because of their abundant animal and plant life. Connecting waterways through the deltas later provided natural routes for navigation and trade, and opened up access to the interior. Deltas are highly fertile and often highly populated areas. They would be under serious threat of flooding from any sea-level rise. + + demand The desire, ability and willingness of an individual to purchase a good or service. The consumer must have the funds or the ability to obtain funds in order to convert the desire into demand. The demand of a buyer for a certain good is a schedule of the quantities of that good which the individual would buy at possible alternative prices at a given moment in time. + + democracy A system of governance in which ultimate authority power is vested in the people and exercised directly by them or by their freely elected agents. + demographic development Growth in the number of individuals of a population. + @@ -11834,6 +25761,7 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. demographic evolution The gradual pattern of change in the growth of human populations in a particular region or country, from a rapid increase in the birth and death rates to a leveling off in the growth rate due to reduced fertility and other factors. + @@ -11841,6 +25769,8 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. agricultural legislation Agricultural law is a blend of traditional fields of law including the law of contracts, bailments, torts, criminal, environmental, property, nuisance, wills and estates, and tax law. As such, it is a gathering of statutory and common law. + + @@ -11850,6 +25780,8 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. demography The statistical study of human vital statistics and population dynamics. + + @@ -11857,31 +25789,41 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. demolition business The activity of reducing buildings or other structures to rubble. + + + demolition waste Masonry or rubble wastes arising from the demolition of buildings or other civil engineering structures. + + demonstrability + + dendrochronology The science of dating the age of a tree by studying annual growth rings. It is also employed to interpret previous environments and climatic variations by examining certain kinds of trees. It is based on the theory that the width of the growth ring reflects the amount of rainfall and the temperature of the year in which it was formed. + agricultural machinery Machines utilized for tillage, planting, cultivation and harvesting of crops. Despite its benefits in increasing yields, mechanisation has clearly had some adverse environmental effects: deep ploughing exposes more soil to wind and water erosion; crop residues can be removed as opposed to ploughing back into the soil; removal of residues can lead to a serious loss of organic content in the soil, which may increase the risk of soil erosion. + dendrometry The measuring of the diameter of standing trees from the ground with a dendrometer that can also be used to measure tree heights. + @@ -11889,11 +25831,20 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.denitrification 1) The loss of nitrogen from soil by biological or chemical means. It is a gaseous loss, unrelated to loss by physical processes such as through leachates. 2) The breakdown of nitrates by soil bacteria, resulting in the release of free nitrogen. This process takes place under anaerobic conditions, such as are found in water-logged soil, and it reduces soil fertility. + + + + + + denitrification of waste gas Current methods for controlling NOx emissions in motor vehicles include retardation of spark timing, increasing the air/fuel ratio, injecting water into the cylinders, decreasing the compression ratio, and recirculating exhaust gas. For stationary sources, one abatement method is to use a lower NOx producing fuel or to modify the combustion process by injecting steam into the combustion chamber. + + + @@ -11902,6 +25853,7 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. agricultural management The administration or handling of soil, crops and livestock. + @@ -11909,11 +25861,17 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. deposited particulate matter + deposition The process by which polluting material is precipitated from the atmosphere and accumulates in ecosystems. + + + + + @@ -11922,15 +25880,20 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. deregulation The removal or relaxation of government control over the economic activities of some commercial entity, industry or economic sector. + dermapteran + desalination Removal of salt, as from water or soil. + + + @@ -11938,17 +25901,23 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.desalination plant 1) Plants for the extraction of fresh water from saltwater by the removal of salts, usually by distilling. 2) Parts of the world with severe water shortages are looking to desalination plants to solve their problems. Desalination of water is still nearly four times more expensive than obtaining water from conventional sources. However technology is improving and costs are likely to decrease slightly in the future. There is now more interest in building distillation plants beside electric installations so that the waste heat from power generation can be used to drive the desalination process. + + + + agreement (administrative) A coming together of minds; a coming together in opinion or determination; the coming together in accord of two minds on a given proposition. In law, a concord of understanding and intention between two or more parties with respect to the effect upon their relative rights and duties, of certain past or future facts or performances. The consent of two or more persons concerning respecting the transmission of some property, right, or benefits, with the view of contracting an obligation, a mutual obligation. The union of two or more minds in a thing done or to be done; a mutual assent to do a thing. + agricultural method Practices and techniques employed in agriculture to improve yields and productivity. Over the last few decades they have undergone big changes: tilling, sowing and harvesting have become increasingly mechanised, and the methods of applying fertilisers and pesticides have become more sophisticated. Many changes within the agricultural system can be summed up by "intensification". The result and aim of intensification has been to achieve increases in production, yields and labour productivity in agriculture. + @@ -11975,12 +25944,16 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. desert A wide, open, comparatively barren tract of land with few forms of life and little rainfall. + + desertification 1) The development of desert conditions as a result of human activity or climatic changes. 2) The process of land damage which allows the soil to spread like a desert in arid and semi-arid regions. There is a loss of vegetative cover and the soil deteriorates in texture, nutrient content and fertility. Desertification affects the lives of three-quarters of the world's population, 70% of all drylands and one quarter of the total land area of the planet. There are many reasons for desertification, but the majority are caused by human activities, overgrazing, deforestation, poor land management and over-exploitation. Agenda 21 states that the priority in combating desertification should be establishing preventive measures for lands that are not yet, or are only slightly, degraded. + + @@ -11989,39 +25962,52 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. desertification control Remedial and preventive actions adopted against desertification include irrigation, planting of trees and grasses, the erection of fences to secure sand dunes, and a careful management of water resources. + + desert locust + design (project) A graphic representation, especially a detailed plan for construction or manufacture. + + desk study + desorption The process of removing a sorbed substance by the reverse of adsorption or absorption. + + + agricultural pest Insects and mites that damage crops, weeds that compete with field crops for nutrients and water, plants that choke irrigation channels or drainage systems, rodents that eat young plants and grain, and birds that eat seedlings or stored foodstuffs. + + desulphurisation The removal of sulphur, as from molten metals or petroleum oil. Sulphur residues in fuels end up as sulphur dioxide when the fuel is burned causing acid rain. + + @@ -12031,6 +26017,11 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. desulphurisation of fuel Removal of sulfur from fossil fuels (or removal of sulfur dioxide from combustion fuel gases) to reduce pollution. + + + + + @@ -12043,16 +26034,20 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. detection The act or process of discovering evidence or proof of governmental, legal or ethical violations. + + detector A mechanical, electrical, or chemical device that automatically identifies and records or registers a stimulus, such as an environmental change in pressure or temperature, an electrical signal, or radiation from a radioactive material. + agricultural planning The development of plans and measures to achieve greater and more efficient output from agriculture; a sound agricultural policy should be able to reconcile three basic needs: the production of food and agricultural products, the protection of the environment and the maintenance of the socio-economic structure of rural areas. + @@ -12061,6 +26056,8 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. detergent A surface-active agent used for removing dirt and grease from a variety of surfaces and materials. Early detergents contained alkyl sulphonates, which proved resistant to bacterial decomposition, causing foaming in rivers and difficulties in sewage treatment plants. These hard detergents were replaced during the 1960s with soft biodegradable detergents. Apprehension continues to be expressed about the use of phosphates in detergents, helping to promote the process of eutrophication. No satisfactory substitute has yet emerged. + + @@ -12068,61 +26065,78 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. determination method Method employed in the assessment or in the evaluation of a quantity, a quality, a fact, an event, etc. + + deterrent Any measure, implement or policy designed to discourage or restrain the actions or advance of another agent, organization or state. + detoxification The act or process of removing a poison or the toxic properties of a substance in the body. + developed country A nation possessing a relatively high degree of industrialization, infrastructure and other capital investment, sophisticated technology, widespread literacy and advanced living standards among its populations as a whole. + + agricultural policy A course of action adopted by government or some other organization that determines how to deal with matters involving the cultivation of land; raising crops; feeding, breeding and raising livestock or poultry; and other farming issues. + + developing countries debt + developing country A country whose people are beginning to utilize available resources in order to bring about a sustained increase in per capita production of goods and services. + + development aid The economic assistance or other types of support provided to developing countries to promote or encourage advancement in living standards, institutions, infrastructure, agricultural practices and other aspects of an economy, and to resolve problems typically associated with developing countries. + development area Area which has been given special help from a government to encourage business and factories to be set up there. + + development co-operation + development model A description, representation, or conception of the economic advancement process of a region or people. + development pattern The combination of qualities, structures, acts and tendencies characterizing the economic and social growth of a community or human group. + @@ -12130,37 +26144,50 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. agricultural pollution The liquid or solid wastes from farming, including: runoff from pesticides, fertilizers, and feedlots; erosion and dust from plowing; animal manure and carcasses, crop residues, and debris. + + development planning The act or process of formulating a course of action that promotes the economic advancement of a region or people, particularly in countries known to have low levels of economic productivity and technological sophistication. + + development plan The statement of local planning policies that each local planning authority is required by statute to maintain, and which can only be made or altered by following the procedures prescribed for that purpose, which include obligations to consult widely and to hold a public local inquiry into objections. The development plan includes: 1) the structure plan for the area (normally prepared by the country council); 2) an area-wide development plan for each district council area. + dialysis A process of selective diffusion through a membrane; usually used to separate low-molecular-weight solutes which diffuse through the membrane from the colloidal and high-molecular-weight solutes which do not. + + + + diatom Unicellular algae, some of which are colonial, green or brownish in colour (but all contain chlorophyll) and with siliceous and often highly sculptured cell walls. Diatoms make up much of the producer level in marine and freshwater food chains, and they have contributed to the formation of oil reserves. Deposits of diatomaceous earths were formed by the accumulation of diatom cell walls. + dictionary A reference book containing an explanatory alphabetical list of words, as a book listing a comprehensive or restricted selection of the words of a language; identifying usually, the phonetic, grammatical, and semantic value of each word, often with etymology, citations, and usage guidance and other information. + + didactics The art or science of teaching. + @@ -12171,12 +26198,18 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. diesel engine An internal combustion engine operating on a thermodynamic cycle in which the ratio of compression of the air charge is sufficiently high to ignite the fuel subsequently injected into the combustion chamber. + + + + diesel fuel Heavy oil residue used as fuel for certain types of diesel engines. + + @@ -12187,31 +26220,45 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. differentiation The development of cells so that they are capable of performing specialized functions in the organs and tissues of the organisms to which they belong. + diffuse source Pollution which arises from various activities with no discrete source. + + diffusion The spontaneous movement and scattering of particles (atoms and molecules), of liquid, gases, and solids. + + + + digested sludge Sludge or thickened mixture of sewage solids with water that has been decomposed by anaerobic bacteria. + + + digester Machine which takes refuse and produces gas such as methane from it. + + + agricultural production + @@ -12227,26 +26274,35 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. digestion (sewage) The reduction in volume and the decomposition of highly putrescible organic matter to relatively stable or inert organic and inorganic compounds. Sludge digestion is usually done by aerobic organisms in the absence of free oxygen. + + digital land model A representation of a surface's topography stored in a numerical format. Each pixel has been assigned coordinates and an altitude. + + digitising The process of converting data to a form used in computers, transmitted or stored with digital technology and expressed as a string of 0's and 1's. + access road Any street or narrow stretch of paved surface that leads to a specific destination, such as a main highway. + + agricultural product The output of the cultivation of the soil. + + @@ -12255,11 +26311,14 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. diluted acid A less concentrated acid. + + dioxin A by-product formed during the preparation of the herbicide 2, 4, 5-T, and sometimes produced by the incineration of chlorinated organic compounds. It may also occur naturally and is distributed widely in the environment, except locally in extremely low concentrations. Substantial amounts were released by the industrial accident of Seveso in 1976. + @@ -12268,11 +26327,15 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. direct discharger Factories and industrial concerns which do not discharge their sewage directly into public sewers, but directly into a waterway. + + + directive The second rank of administrative acts (inferior to regulations, superior to decisions) made by the council or commission of the European Communities on order to carry out their tasks in accordance with the Treaties. They must be addressed to states, not individuals, but many create rights for individuals or allow the directive to be pleaded before municipal court. + @@ -12287,11 +26350,14 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. disabled person Person lacking one or more physical power, such as the ability to walk or to coordinate one's movements, as from the effects of a disease or accident, or through mental impairment. + + disaster The result of a vast ecological breakdown in the relations between man and his environment, a serious and sudden event (or slow, as in drought) on such a scale that the stricken community needs extraordinary efforts to cope with it, often with outside help or international aid. + @@ -12303,11 +26369,13 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. disaster cleanup operation A course or procedure of activity designed to clear the debris or remove harmful substances left by an ecological calamity, natural or human in origin, in a given area. + disaster contingency plan An anticipatory emergency plan to be followed in an expected or eventual disaster, based on risk assessment, availability of human and material resources, community preparedness, local and international response capability, etc. + @@ -12315,37 +26383,48 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. disaster control service Work done or agency established to analyze, plan, assign and coordinate available resources in order to prepare for, respond to, mitigate and recover from damage caused by an ecological calamity, natural or human in origin. + disaster preparedness The aggregate of measures to be taken in view of disasters, consisting of plans and action programmes designed to minimize loss of life and damage, to organize and facilitate effective rescue and relief, and to rehabilitate after disaster. Preparedness requires the necessary legislation and means to cope with disaster or similar emergency situations. It is also concerned with forecasting and warning, the education and training of the public, organization and management, including plans, training of personnel, the stockpiling of supplies and ensuring the needed funds and other resources. + disaster prevention The aggregate of approaches and measures to ensure that human action or natural phenomena do not cause or result in disaster or similar emergency. It implies the formulation and implementation of long-range policies and programmes to eliminate or prevent the occurrence of disasters. + disaster relief Money, food or other assistance provided for those surviving a sudden, calamitous event causing loss of life, damage or hardship. + + discharge legislation + + + discharge regime The rate of flow of a river at a particular moment in time, related to its volume and its velocity. + + disease A definite pathological process having a characteristic set of signs and symptoms which are detrimental to the well-being of the individual. + @@ -12357,6 +26436,7 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. disease cause + @@ -12374,94 +26454,137 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. disinfectant An agent, such as heat, radiation, or a chemical, that disinfects by destroying, neutralizing, or inhibiting the growth of disease-carrying microorganisms. + + disinfection The complex of physical, chemical or mechanical operations undertaken to destroy pathogenic germs. + + + + agricultural storage Any deposit or holdings of farm products, fertilizers, grains, feed and other related supplies in facilities or containers, often to prevent contamination or for times when production cannot meet demand. + + dispatch note + dispersion A distribution of finely divided particles in a medium. + + dispersion calculation The calculation of pollutant dispersion is based on the use of air dispersion models that mathematically simulate atmospheric conditions and behaviour. Dispersion models can provide concentration or deposition estimates and can be used to evaluate both existing and hypothetical emissions scenarios. + + displaced person Persons who, for different reasons or circumstances, have been compelled to leave their homes. + disposal of the dead + + disposal of warfare materials Disposal of the material remnants of war, which can seriously impede development and cause injuries and the loss of lives and property. The disposal of warfare waste is problematic because it can be highly dangerous, toxic, long-living and requires the utilization of specific and sophisticated technologies, particularly in the case of mines and unexploded bombs which have been left on the war territories. + + + + + dissolution Dissolving of a material. + + + dissolved organic carbon The fraction of total organic carbon (all carbon atoms covalently bonded in organic molecules) in water that passes through a 0.45 micron pore-diameter filter. + + distillation The process of producing a gas or vapour from a liquid by heating the liquid in a vessel and collecting and condensing the vapours into liquids. + + + + distilling industry A sector of the economy in which an aggregate of commercial enterprises is engaged in the manufacture and marketing of alcoholic beverages made by a distillation process of vaporization and condensation, such as vodka, rum, whiskey and other related beverages. + distortion of competition Article 85(1) of the EEC Treaty prohibits all agreements between undertakings, decisions by associations of undertakings and concerted practices which may affect trade between member states and which have as their object or effect the prevention, restriction or distortion of competition within the common market. All such arrangements are automatically null and void under Article 85(2), unless exempted by the Commission pursuant to Article 85(3). The text of Article 85 is as follows: "1. The following shall be prohibited as incompatible with the common market: all agreements between undertakings, decisions by associations of undertakings and concerted practices which may affect trade between member states and which have as their object or effect the prevention, restriction or distortion of competition within the common market, and in particular those which: (a) directly or indirectly fix purchase or selling prices or any other trading conditions; (b) limit or control production, markets, technical development, or investment; (c) share markets or sources of supply; (d) apply dissimilar conditions to equivalent transactions with other trading parties, thereby placing them at a competitive disadvantage; (e) make the conclusion of contracts subject to acceptance by the other parties of supplementary obligations which, by their nature or according to commercial usage, have no connection with the subject of such contracts. + distribution In an environmental context, the term refers to the dispersion of air pollutants and depends on the type of pollution source (point source, line source, diffuse source), the wind velocity and the wind direction. Distribution can be active or passive. + + district heating The supply of heat, either in the form of steam or hot water, from a central source to a group of buildings. + + district heating plant Plant for heating all houses in a district; it consists of a large, efficient, centralized boiler plant or "waste" steam from a power station. The heat is distributed by means of low-pressure steam or high-temperature water to the consumers. + + + + disused military site Military site where all activity has ceased. Such areas, being extremely well sheltered against outside disturbances and in many ways less affected by human landuse than many other open landscapes, can contain significant natural habitats and rare or endangered wildlife. Abandoned military territories constitute an important source of natural landscapes to be managed and restored in an environmentally sound way. + + + @@ -12469,11 +26592,16 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. ditch A long, narrow excavation artificially dug in the ground; especially an open and usually unpaved waterway, channel, or trench for conveying water for drainage or irrigation, and usually smaller than a canal. Some ditches may be natural watercourses. + + + DNA The principal material of inheritance. It is found in chromosomes and consists of molecules that are long unbranched chains made up of many nucleotides. Each nucleotide is a combination of phosphoric acid, the monosaccharide deoxyribose and one of four nitrogenous bases: thymine, cytosine, adenine or guanine. The number of possible arrangements of nucleotides along the DNA chain is immense. Usually two DNA strands are linked together in parallel by specific base-pairing and are helically coiled. Replication of DNA molecules is accomplished by separation of the two strands, followed by the building up of matching strands by means of base-pairing, using the two halves as templates. By a mechanism involving RNA, the structure of DNA is translated into the structure of proteins during their synthesis from amino acids. + + @@ -12481,6 +26609,7 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. document Material of any kind, regardless of physical form, which furnishes information, evidence or ideas, including items such as contracts, bills of sale, letters, audio and video recordings, and machine readable data files. + @@ -12490,6 +26619,7 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. documentation The process of accumulating, classifying and disseminating information, often to support the claim or data given in a book or article. + @@ -12501,12 +26631,16 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. documentation centre Centre for assembling, coding, and disseminating recorded knowledge comprehensively treated as an integral procedure, utilizing various techniques for giving documentary information maximum accessibility and usability. + + + document type Any one of a number of diverse classes of written, printed or digitized items furnishing information or evidence, and distinguished by content, form or function. + @@ -12530,11 +26664,15 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. dog A common four-legged animal, especially kept by people as a pet or to hunt or guard things. + + agricultural waste Unusable materials, liquid or solid, that result from agricultural practices, such as fertilizers, pesticides, crop residue (such as orchard prunings) and cattle manure. + + @@ -12542,6 +26680,10 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. domestic appliance A machine or device, especially an electrical one used domestically. + + + + @@ -12550,6 +26692,8 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. domesticated animal 1) Wild animal which has been trained to live near a house and not be frightened of human beings; 2) species which was formerly wild, now selectively bred to fill human needs. + + @@ -12557,11 +26701,15 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. domestic fuel Fuels obtained from different sources that are used for domestic heating. + + domestic fuel oil Liquid petroleum product used in domestic heaters. + + @@ -12569,11 +26717,14 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. domestic noise Noise caused by domestic facilities and activities. + + access to culture The ability, right and permission to approach and use, or the general availability of resources that transmit the beliefs, customs, artistic activity and knowledge of a people. + @@ -12582,11 +26733,15 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. domestic trade Trade wholly carried on at home; as distinguished from foreign commerce. + + domestic waste Waste generated by residential households and comprised of any material no longer wanted or needed. + + @@ -12595,6 +26750,10 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. domestic waste landfill Site for the disposal of wastes arising from domestic activities. + + + + @@ -12602,17 +26761,23 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. domestic waste water Wastewater principally derived from households, business buildings, institutions, etc., which may or may not contain surface runoff, groundwater or storm water. + + + dosage The amount of a substance required to produce an effect. + dose The amount of test substance administered. Dose is expressed as weight of test substance (g, mg) per unit weight of test animal (e.g., mg/kg), or as weight of food or drinking water. + + @@ -12622,22 +26787,29 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. dose-effect relationship The relation between the quantity of a given substance and a measurable or observable effect. + + + draft legislation An initial unsigned agreement, treaty, or piece of legislation which is not yet in force. + dragonfly Any of the insects composing six families of the suborder Anisoptera and having four large, membranous wings and compound eyes that provide keen vision. + drainage 1) Removal of groundwater or surface water, or of water from structures, by gravity or pumping. 2) The discharge of water from a soil by percolation (the process by which surface water moves downwards through cracks, joints and pores in soil and rocks). + + @@ -12646,6 +26818,7 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. agriculture The production of plants and animals useful to man, involving soil cultivation and the breeding and management of crops and livestock. + @@ -12667,55 +26840,77 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. drainage water Incidental surface waters from diverse sources such as rainfall, snow melt or permafrost melt. + draught animal + + dredged material Unconsolidated material removed from rivers, streams, and shallow seas with machines such as the bucket-ladder dredge, dragline dredge, or suction dredge. + dredging Removing solid matter from the bottom of a water area. + + + + agriculture and cattle industry Large scale growing of crops and livestock grazing for profit. + + + + - olive oil mill wastewater + olive oil mill waste water Aqueous residue deriving from the process of oil extraction from olives; it is composed of the olive-combined water and of the water used in the extraction and washing processes. It also contains a certain percentage of mineral compounds and of organic substances that are only partially biodegradable. + drift net fishing The use of fishing nets of great length and depth, aptly described as "walls of death" because of the huge numbers of marine mammals, birds, and turtles that became ensnared in them. The Tarawa Declaration of 1989 formulated at the 20th South Pacific Forum, aimed at banning drift netting in the South Pacific. In June 1992 the UN banned drift netting in all the world's oceans. + drilling The act of boring holes in the earth for finding water or oil, for geologic surveys, etc. + + + drilling installation The structural base upon which the drill rig and associated equipment is mounted during the drilling operation. + + + drinking water Water that is agreeable to drink, does not present health hazards and whose quality is normally regulated by legislation. + + @@ -12724,16 +26919,27 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. drinking water protection area Area surrounding a water recovery plant in which certain forms of soil utilization are restricted or prohibited in order to protect the groundwater. + + + + + drinking water supply The provision and storage of potable water, or the amount of potable water stored, for the use of a municipality, or other potable water user. + + + drinking water treatment The Directive on the Quality of Surface Water Intended for Drinking Water defines three categories of water treatment (A1, A2, A3) from simple physical treatment and disinfection to intensive physical and chemical treatment. The treatment to be used depends on the quality of the water abstracted. The Directive uses imperative values for parameters known to have an adverse effect on health and also guide values for those which are less adverse. There is also a directive which complements the "surface water abstraction" Directive by indicating the methods of measurement and the frequency of sampling and analysis required. + + + @@ -12741,26 +26947,35 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. drought A period of abnormally dry weather sufficiently prolonged so that the lack of water causes a serious hydrologic imbalance (such as crop damage, water supply shortage) in the affected area. + + agriculture framework plan A formulated or systematic method for the management of soil, crops and livestock. + + drought control Measures taken to prevent, mitigate or eliminate damage caused to the ecosystem, especially crops, by a sustained period of dry weather. + + drug abuse + drug (medicine) A chemical substance used internally or externally as a medicine for the prevention, diagnosis, treatment or cure of disease, for the relief of pain or to control or enhance physical or mental well-being. + + @@ -12770,21 +26985,30 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. dry cleaning To clean fabrics etc. with a solvent other than water. + + + + dry deposition The accumulation of both particles and gases as they come into contact with soil, water or vegetation on the earth's surfaces. + + + dry farming A system of extensive agriculture allowing the production of crops without irrigation in areas of limited rainfall. Dry farming involves conserving soil moisture through mulching, frequent fallowing, maintenance of a fine tilth by cross-ploughing, repeated working of the soil after rainfall and removal of any weeds that would take up some of the moisture. + drying The process of partially or totally removing water or other liquids from a solid. + @@ -12792,11 +27016,14 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. drying out Removal of water from any substance. + + dual economy An economy based upon two separate/distinct economic systems which co-exist in the same geographical space. Dualism is characteristic of many developing countries in which some parts of a country resemble advanced economies while other parts resemble traditional economies, i.e. there are circuits of production and exchange. + @@ -12808,6 +27035,10 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. dual waste management To reduce the quantity of packaging waste, and thereby of overall MSW, Germany introduced a far-reaching legislation to reduce waste, based on the producer's responsibility principle. Industry was given the option to set up a third party organization which would carry out the collection and sorting of sales packaging for care of manufacturers and retailers. Thus, Some 600 companies created "Duales System Deutschland" in 1990 ("Dual" because it meant creating a second collection system in parallel to the existing waste collection system of the local authorities). Duales System Deutschland (DSD), now has overall responsibility for the separate collection and recycling of packaging. At present, the Dual System is the only nationwide system for the collection and sorting of sales packaging. Packaging participating in this collection system is marked with the Green Dot. + + + + @@ -12815,6 +27046,7 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. dumping The discarding of waste in any manner, often without regard to environmental control. + @@ -12827,6 +27059,9 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. agrochemical Any substance or mixture of substances used or intended to be used for preventing, destroying, repelling, attracting, inhibiting, or controlling any insects, rodents, birds, nematodes, bacteria, fungi, weeds or other forms of plant, animal or microbial life regarded as pests. + + + @@ -12835,6 +27070,10 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. land disposal The discharge, deposit or injection of any waste onto or into the soil or other land surfaces. + + + + @@ -12842,41 +27081,58 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. dune A low mound, ridge, bank, or hill of loose, windblown granular material (generally sand, sometimes volcanic ash), either bare or covered with vegetation, capable of movement from place but always retaining its characteristic shape. + + duration of sunshine Period of the day during which the sun is shining. + + dust Any kind of solid material divided in particles of very small size. + + dust immission + + + dust removal The removal of dust from air by ventilation or exhaust systems. + registration obligation The duty to formally enroll with a government agency or an authority in order to be granted certain rights, particularly trademark or copyright privileges, or the permission to sell and distribute a product. + + + dwelling Any enclosed space wholly or partially used or intended to be used for living, sleeping, cooking, and eating. + + + dye A coloring material. + @@ -12884,38 +27140,54 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. agroforestry The interplanting of farm crops and trees, especially leguminous species. In semiarid regions and on denuded hillsides, agroforestry helps control erosion and restores soil fertility, as well as supplying valuable food and commodities at the same time. + + dyke An artificial wall, embankment, ridge, or mound, usually of earth or rock fill, built around a relatively flat, low-lying area to protect it from flooding; a levee. A dyke may be also be constructed on the shore or border of a lake to prevent inflow of undesirable water. + + + dyke reinforcement The addition of material to strengthen the structure of the dykes. + + + early warning system Any series of procedures and devices designed to detect sudden or potential threats to persons, property or the environment at the first sign of danger; especially a system utilizing radar technology. + access to the sea + agroindustry Industry dealing with the supply, processing and distribution of farm products. + + + + earth's crust The outer layers of the Earth's structure, varying between 6 and 48 km in thickness, and comprising all the material above the Mohorovicic Discontinuity (a seismic discontinuity occurring between the crust of the earth and the underlying mantle; the discontinuity occurs at an average depth of 35 km below the continents and at about 10 km below the oceans). The earlier idea of a cool solid skin overlaying a hot molten interior has now been replaced by a concept of a crust composed of two shells: an inner basic unit composed of sima (oceanic crust) and an outer granitic unit composed of sial (continental crust). + + @@ -12925,11 +27197,13 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. earthquake The violent shaking of the ground produced by deep seismic waves, beneath the epicentre, generated by a sudden decrease or release in a volume of rock of elastic strain accumulated over a long time in regions of seismic activity (tectonic earthquake). The magnitude of an earthquake is represented by the Richter scale; the intensity by the Mercalli scale. + earth science The science that deals with the earth or any part thereof; includes the disciplines of geology, geography, oceanography and meteorology, among others. + @@ -12942,6 +27216,7 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. Earth-Sun relationship The Earth depends on the sun for its existence as a planet hospitable to life, and solar energy is the major factor determining the climate. Hence, conditions on the sun and conditions on Earth are inextricably linked. Although the sun's rays may appear unchanging, its radiation does vary. Many scientists suspect that sunspot activity has a greater influence on climatic change than variations attributed to the greenhouse effect. + @@ -12950,52 +27225,64 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. earthworm Any of numerous oligochaete worms of the genera Lumbricus, Allolobophora, Eisenia, etc., which burrow in the soil and help aerate and break up the ground. + earwig Any of various insects of the order Dermaptera, especially Forficula auricularia, which typically have an elongated body with small leathery forewings, semicircular membranous hindwings, and curved forceps at the tip of the abdomen. + agrometeorology The study of the interaction between meteorological and hydrological factors, on the one hand, and agriculture in the widest sense, including horticulture, animal husbandry and forestry, on the other. + + East Africa A geographic region of the African continent that includes Burundi, Kenya, Rwanda, Tanzania, Uganda, Ethiopia and Somalia, and also Mt. Kilimanjaro and Lake Victoria. + Eastern Asia A geographic region of the Asian continent bordered by the Pacific Ocean in the east that includes China, Japan, Korea, Macao, Taiwan and Siberia. + Eastern Europe A geographic region of the European continent west of Asia and east of Germany and the Adriatic Sea, traditionally consisting of countries that were formerly part of the Soviet Union, such as Poland, the Czech Republic, Slovakia, Hungary, Romania, Serbia, Croatia and Bulgaria. + East-West relations + East-West trade Trade between countries and companies of the Western hemisphere with those of the Eastern hemisphere (usually referring to former Communist countries of Eastern Europe). + + EC Council of Ministers The organ of the EU that is primarily concerned with the formulation of policy and the adoption of Community legislation. The Council consists of one member of government of each of the member states of the Community, and its presidency is held by each state in turn for periods of six months. + EC directive A type of legislation issued by the European Union which is binding on Member States in terms of the results to be achieved but which leaves to Member States the choice of methods. + @@ -13008,25 +27295,36 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. + EC directive on biocides Directive regulating the placing of biocidal products on the market. + + + EC directive on packaging EC Directive proposed on 15 July 1992 aiming at harmonizing national measures concerning the management of packaging and packaging waste; the directive covers all packaging placed on the market. + + + EC directive on waste disposal EC Directive whose main object concerns waste prevention, recycling and transformation into alternative energy sources. + + EC directive on water protection Directive concerning the use and management of water resources for a rational economical and social development and the protection of the related environmental features. + + @@ -13035,39 +27333,49 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. EC ecolabel The European Community (EC) initiative to encourage the promotion of environmentally friendly products. The scheme came into operation in late 1992 and was designed to identify products which are less harmful to the environment than equivalent brands. For example, eco-labels will be awarded to products that do not contain chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) which damage ozone layer, to those products that can be, or are, recycled, and to those that are energy efficient. The labels are awarded on environmental criteria set by the EC. These cover the whole life cycle of a product, from the extraction of raw materials, through manufacture, distribution, use and disposal of the product. The first products to carry the EC eco-labels were washing machines, paper towels, writing paper, light bulbs and hairsprays. + + + echinoderm Marine coelomate animals distinguished from all others by an internal skeleton composed of calcite plates, and a water-vascular system to serve the needs of locomotion, respiration, nutrition or perception. + AIDS The acquired immunodeficiency syndrome is caused by HIV-virus manifested by opportunistic infections and/or malignancies, and the mortality rate is very high. The syndrome results from a breakdown of the body's disease-fighting mechanism that leaves it defenceless against infections, such as pulmonary tuberculosis, Pneumocystis pneumonia, certain blood infections, candidiasis, invasive cervical cancer, Kaposi's sarcoma or any of over 20 other indicator diseases. No effective treatment is available. A striking feature of AIDS is the wide spectrum and frequency of infections with life-threatening pathogens seldom seen in normal hosts. The illness may begin with insidious signs and symptoms, and the process may be more diffuse than when the same conditions are seen in other immune-compromised patients. Four patterns of disease occur in AIDS patients. The pulmonary pattern, the central nervous system pattern, the gastrointestinal pattern, and the pattern of fever of unknown origin. Most patients who recover from a given opportunistic infection subsequently either have a relapse or develop a new type of infection. Many patients continue to have a wasting syndrome and experience such infections as oral thrush. Feelings of depression and isolation are common among AIDS patients and can be intensified if health care workers display fear of the syndrome. + ecodevelopment 1) Conservative development based on long term optimization of biosphere resources. 2)An approach to development through rational use of natural resources by means of appropriate technology and system of production which take into account and provide for the conservation of nature. + + ecolabelling The European Community's initiative to encourage the promotion of environmentally friendly products. The scheme came into operation in late 1992 and was designed to identify products which are less harmful to the environment than equivalent brands. It was hoped that by buying labelled goods, consumers would be able to put pressure on manufacturers and retailers both to make and to stock "greener" products. This includes the effects they have on the environment at all stages. The labels are awarded on environmental criteria set by the EC. + ecological abundance Number of individual specimens of an animal or plant seen over a certain period of time in a certain place. + ecological adaptation Change in an organism so that it is better able to survive or reproduce, thereby contributing to its fitness. + @@ -13078,6 +27386,9 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. ecological assessment Ecological assessment consists in monitoring the current and changing conditions of ecological resources from which success or failure of the ecosystem can be judged without bias; understanding more fully the structure and function of ecosystems in order to develop improved management options; developing models to predict the response of ecosystems to changes resulting from human-induced stress from which possible ecosystem management strategies can be assessed and assessing the ecological consequences of management actions so that decisionmakers can best understand the outcomes of choosing a particular management strategy. + + + @@ -13088,6 +27399,7 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. ecological balance The condition of equilibrium among the components of a natural community such that their relative numbers remain fairly constant and their ecosystem is stable. Gradual readjustments to the composition of a balanced community take place continually in response to natural ecological succession and to alterations in climatic and other influences. + @@ -13095,17 +27407,20 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. ecological bookkeeping The systematic accounting or recordkeeping of a company's impact on the environment or its progress towards environmentally sound business practices. + air A predominantly mechanical mixture of a variety of individual gases forming the earth's enveloping atmosphere. + ecological factor An environmental factor that, under some definite conditions, can exert appreciable influence on organisms or their communities, causing the increase or decrease in the number of organisms and/or changes in the communities. + @@ -13119,11 +27434,16 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.ecological niche 1) The space occupied by a species, which includes both the physical space as well as the functional role of the species. 2) Ecological niche refers to the characteristics of an environment that provides all the essential food and protection for the continued survival of a particular species of flora or fauna. In addition to food and shelter, there is no long-term threat to existence in that place from potential predators, parasites and competitors. The concept of the ecological niche goes a long way beyond the idea of the species habitat. + + ecological parameter A variable, measurable property whose value is a determinant of the characteristics of an ecosystem. + + + @@ -13154,11 +27474,14 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. ecologically sensitive area Area where it is likely that a change in some parts of the system will produce a recognizable response. + ecological stocktaking Taking stock of, evaluating, or inventorying a company's impact on the environment or its progress towards environmentally sound business practices. + + @@ -13167,11 +27490,14 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. ecologist movement Grouping of individuals and organizations dedicated to the protection of the environment. + ecology The study of the interrelationships between living organisms and their environment. + + @@ -13182,23 +27508,29 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. trophic ecology The study of the feeding relationships of organisms in communities and ecosystems. Trophic links between populations represent flows of organisms, organic energy and nutrients. Trophic transfers are important in population dynamics, biogeochemistry, and ecosystem energetics. + economic activity Any effort, work, function or sphere of action pertaining to the production of goods, services or any other resource with exchange value. + economical-ecological efficiency The competency in performance in business matters involving the relation between financial and environmental principles. + + economic analysis The quantitative and qualitative identification, study, and evaluation of the nature of an economy or a system of organization or operation. + + @@ -13214,11 +27546,13 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. economic development The state of nations and the historical processes of change experienced by them, the extent to which the resources of a nation are brought into productive use; the concept of development subsumes associated social, cultural and political changes as well as welfare measures. + economic growth An increase over successive periods in the productivity and wealth of a household, country or region, as measured by one of several possible variables, such as the gross domestic product. + @@ -13228,6 +27562,8 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. economic instrument Any tool or method used by an organization to achieve general developmental goals in the production of, or in the regulation of, material resources. + + @@ -13236,17 +27572,24 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. economic management instrument A tool or method used by any organization in the management of developmental processes used in the production of, or in the regulation of, material resources. + + + economic planning An economy in which prices, incomes etc. are determined centrally by government rather than through the operation of the free market, and in which industrial production is governed by an overall national plan. + + economic policy A definite course of action adopted and pursued by a government, political party or enterprise pertaining to the production, distribution and use of income, wealth and commodities. + + @@ -13257,6 +27600,8 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. accident An unexpected occurrence, failure or loss with the potential for harming human life, property or the environment. + + @@ -13269,11 +27614,15 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. air conditioning A system or process for controlling the temperature and sometimes the humidity and purity of the air in a house, etc. + + economics The social study of the production, distribution, and consumption of wealth. + + @@ -13287,12 +27636,15 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. economic situation The complex of elements which, in a given period, characterize the condition or state of a country or region's ability to produce goods, services and other resources with exchange value. + + economic system Organized sets of procedures used within or between communities to govern the production and distribution of goods and services. + @@ -13301,12 +27653,15 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. economic theory The study of relationships in the economy. Its purpose is to analyze and explain the behaviour of the various economic elements. The body of economic theory can be divided into two broad categories, positive theory and welfare theory. Positive theory is an attempt to analyze the operation of the economy without considering the desirability of its results in terms of ultimate goals. Welfare theory is concerned primarily with an evaluation of the economic system in terms of ethical goals which are not themselves derived from economic analysis. + + economic trend Changes of variables and parameters of an economic system, analysed in statistical calculations. + @@ -13315,16 +27670,21 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. economic viability Capability of developing and surviving as a relatively independent social, economic or political unit. + economic zoning A land-use planning design or control where specific types of businesses or private sector investment are encouraged within designated boundaries. + + + economy The system of activities and administration through which a society uses its resources to produce wealth. + @@ -13363,16 +27723,22 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. eco-paediatrics Branch of medical science concerning the study and the therapy of children diseases caused by environmental factors. + + ecophysiology The study of biophysical, biochemical and physiological processes used by animals to cope with factors of their physical environment, or employed during ecological interactions with other organisms. + + ecosystem A community of organisms and their physical environment interacting as an ecological unit. + + @@ -13388,6 +27754,8 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. ecosystem analysis Detailed study of an ecosystem carried out to ascertain its features from the point of view of its soil composition, energy flux, biogeochemical cycles, biomass, organisms and their relationship with the environment. + + @@ -13396,6 +27764,9 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. ecosystem degradation Degradation or destruction of large natural environments. When one ecosystem is under attack as a result of natural or man-made disaster it is extremely difficult to calculate the ripple effects throughout nature. When two or more ecosystems are being degraded the probabilities of synergistic destructiveness multiply. Ecosystems in many regions are threatened, despite their biological richness and their promise of material benefits. + + + @@ -13407,6 +27778,7 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. ecosystem research Study of the ways in which plants, animals, and microbes interact with each other and with their physical environment and of the processes involving the circulation, transformation and accumulation of both matter, especially nutrient materials, and energy. + @@ -13414,6 +27786,8 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. ecosystem type Ecosystems can be classified according to various criteria: from the point of view of energy source, two major types of ecosystems can be distinguished. Autotrophic ecosystems have primary producers as a principal component and sunlight has the major initial energy source; etherotrophic ecosystems depend upon preformed organic matter that is imported from autotrophic ecosystems elsewhere. Ecosystems can also be classified in terrestrial, marine and freshwater. + + @@ -13425,38 +27799,53 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. ecotourism Excursions to relatively untouched lands, which for the tourist promise the chance to observe unusual wildlife and indigenous inhabitants. The travel industry, in an attempt to market adventure and authenticity to those travellers weary of "civilisation" promote travel to environments free of modern technology. Ecotourism's inherent contradiction is the promotion of untouched lands, which immediately become touched by the hands of tourism. + ecotoxicity Quality of some substances or preparations which present or may present immediate or delayed risks for one or more sectors of the environment. + + + ecotoxicological evaluation Evaluation of the adverse effects of chemicals, physical agents, and natural products on population and communities and plants, animals and human beings. + + + + aircraft Any structure, machine, or contrivance, especially a vehicle, designed to be supported by the air, either by the dynamic action of the air upon the surfaces of the structure or object or by its own buoyancy. + + + ecotoxicology The science dealing with the adverse effects of chemical, physical agents, and natural products on populations and communities of plants, animals and human beings. + ecotype Species that has special characteristics which allow it to live in a certain habitat. + + EC policy + @@ -13466,6 +27855,7 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. EC regulation + @@ -13475,27 +27865,38 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. EC regulation on eco-management and audit + + + EC regulation on existing chemicals Regulation designed to identify and control of risks deriving from existing chemicals. According to this program the main goal is the collection of basic information about existing chemicals including their uses and characteristics, environmental fate and pathways, toxicity and ecotoxicity. + + edaphology The study of the relationships between soil and organisms, including the use made of land by mankind. + + + edible fat An oil that can be eaten as a food or food accessory. + + education The act or process of imparting or acquiring knowledge or skills. + @@ -13506,37 +27907,47 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. aircraft engine emission The formation and discharge of gaseous and particulate pollutants into the environment, especially the stratosphere, chiefly from airplanes, helicopters and other high-altitude aircrafts. + + + educational institution An organization or establishment devoted to the act or process of imparting or acquiring knowledge or skills. + educational planning The process of making arrangements or preparations to facilitate the training, instruction or study that leads to the acquisition of skills or knowledge, or the development of reasoning and judgment. + education policy A course of action adopted and pursued by government or some other organization, which promotes or determines the goals, methods and programs to be used for training, instruction or study that leads to the acquisition of skills or knowledge, or the development of reasoning and judgment. + educational system Any formulated, regular or special organization of instruction, training or knowledge disclosure, especially the institutional structures supporting that endeavor. + aircraft noise Effective sound output of the various sources of noise associated with aircraft operation, such as propeller and engine exhaust, jet noise, and sonic boom. + + effect Effects include: a) direct effects, which are caused by the action and occur at the same time and place, b) indirect effects, which are caused by the action and are later in time or farther removed in distance, that are still reasonably foreseeable. + @@ -13555,6 +27966,7 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. effect on health + @@ -13567,12 +27979,14 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. effect on man + effect on the environment Resultant of natural or manmade perturbations of the physical, chemical or biological components making up the environment. + @@ -13584,21 +27998,27 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. research of the effects Investigation carried out to assess the results deriving from an action or condition; general term applying to many different fields. + efficiency criterion Parameter or rule for assessing the competency in performance of production relative to the input of resources. + efficiency level The ratio of output to input, usually given as a percentage. + + effluent The waste liquid from domestic sewage, industrial sites or from agricultural processes. Effluents are harmful when they enter the environment, especially in freshwater, because of their polluting chemical composition. + + @@ -13607,48 +28027,63 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. egg A large, female sex cell enclosed in a porous, calcareous or leathery shell, produced by birds and reptiles. + EIA directive Council Directive of 27 June 1985 on the assessment of the effects of certain public and private projects on the environment (85/337/EEC). The Directive applies to projects which are likely to have significant effects on the environment by virtue of their nature, size or location. + EIA law Law concerning the assessment of the effects of certain public and private projects on the environment, based on the EC Directive n. 85/337. + EIA (local) The identification, evaluation and appraisal of the ecological consequences of a proposed project or development in a city, town or region, and the measures needed to minimize adverse effects. + + elasticity Ability of a material to return to original dimensions after deformation. + elderly person Someone who has reached the later stage of life or who has attained a specified age within that stage. + + electrical engineering Engineering that deals with practical applications of electricity; generally restricted to applications involving current flow through conductors, as in motors and generators. + + + electrical industry Industry for the production of electric energy. + + + electrical storage device + @@ -13657,38 +28092,49 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. electricity A general term used for all phenomena caused by electric charge whether static or in motion. + electricity company Company which is responsible for the supply and distribution of electric energy to a given area. + + electricity consumption Amount of electricity consumed by an apparatus. + electricity generation The act or process of transforming other forms of energy into electric energy. + electricity generation cost The value or amount of money exchanged for the production and sustained supply of charged ion current used as a power source. + + electricity supply industry Industry for the supply and distribution of electric power. + electric line Wires conducting electric power from one location to another; also known as electric power line. + + + @@ -13697,12 +28143,16 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. electric power The rate at which electric energy is converted to other forms of energy, equal to the product of the current and the voltage drop. + electric power plant A stationary plant containing apparatus for large-scale conversion of some form of energy (such as hydraulic, steam, chemical, or nuclear energy) into electrical energy. + + + @@ -13717,60 +28167,85 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. electric power supply + + electric vehicle Vehicle driven by an electric motor and characterized by being silent and less polluting. + electrokinetics The study of the motion of electric charges, especially of steady currents in electric circuits, and of the motion of electrified particles in electric or magnetic fields. + + + electrolysis The production of a chemical reaction by passing an electric current through an electrolyte. In electrolysis, positive ions migrate to the cathode and negative ions to the anode. + + + + air movement Air movements within the Earth's atmospheric circulation; also called planetary winds. Two main components are recognized: first, the latitudinal meridional component due to the Coriolis force (a deflecting motion or force discussed by G.G. de Coriolis in 1835. The rotation of the Earth causes a body moving across its surface to be deflected to the right in the N hemisphere and to the left in the S hemisphere); and secondly, the longitudinal component and the vertical movement, resulting largely from varying pressure distributions due to differential heating and cooling of the Earth's surface. + + + electronic material + + electronics Study, control, and application of the conduction of electricity through gases or vacuum or through semiconducting or conducting materials. + electronic scrap Any material from electronic devices and systems, generated as a waste stream in a processing operation or discarded after service. + + + electronic scrap regulation Government or management prescribed rule for the disposal and recycling of electric parts, circuits and systems, especially computer devices. + + electrosmog Pollution caused by electric and magnetic fields generated by power lines, electrical equipment, mobile and cordless phones, radar, electrical household appliances, microwave ovens, radios, computers, electric clocks, etc. + + + air pollutant Any pollutant agent or combination of such agents, including any physical, chemical, biological, radioactive substance or matter which is emitted into or otherwise enters the ambient air and can, in high enough concentrations, harm humans, animals, vegetation or material. + @@ -13790,6 +28265,8 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. electrotechnical equipment All the equipment connected with the technological use of electric power. + + @@ -13798,17 +28275,22 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. electrotechnical industry A sector of the economy in which an aggregate of commercial enterprises is engaged in the design, manufacture and marketing of machinery, apparatus and supplies for the generation, storage and utilization of electrical energy, such as household appliances, radio and television receiving equipment, and lighting and wiring equipment. + + + element of group 0 A group of monatomic gaseous elements forming group 18 (formerly group 0) of the periodic table: helium (He), neon (Ne), argon (Ar), krypton (Kr), xenon (Xe), and radon (Rn). + element of group I (alkaline) Any of the monovalent metals lithium, sodium, potassium, rubidium, caesium, and francium, belonging to group 1A of the periodic table. They are all very reactive and electropositive. + @@ -13816,6 +28298,7 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. element of group II (alkaline earth metals) Any of the divalent electropositive metals beryllium, magnesium, calcium, strontium, barium, and radium, belonging to group 2A of the periodic table. + @@ -13825,6 +28308,7 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. element of group III Group III consists of two subgroups: group IIIb and group IIIa. Group IIIa consists of scandium, yttrium, and lanthanium, which is generally considered with the lanthanoids, and actinium, which is classified with the actinoids. Group IIIb, the main group, comprises boron, aluminium, gallium, indium, and thallium. + @@ -13834,6 +28318,7 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. element of group IV Group IV consists of two subgroups: group IVb, main group, and group IVa. Group IVa consists of titanium, zirconium, and hafnium which are generally classified as transition metals. The main group consists of carbonium, silicium, germanium, tin, and lead. The main valency of the elements is IV, and the members of the group show a variation from nonmetallic to metallic behaviour in moving down the group. The reactivity of the elements increases down the group from carbon to lead. All react with oxygen on heating. + @@ -13843,6 +28328,7 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. element of group V Group V consists of two subgroups: group Vb, the main group, and group Va. Group Va consists of vanadium, niobium, and tantalum, which are generally considered with the transition elements. The main group consists of nitrogen, phosphorus, arsenic, antimony, and bismuth. + @@ -13851,6 +28337,7 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. element of group VI Group VI consists of two subgroups: group VIb, the main group, and group VIa. Group VIa consists of chromium, molybdenum, and tungsten. The main group consists of oxygen, sulphur, selenium, tellurium, and polonium. + @@ -13859,6 +28346,7 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. element of group VII Any of the elements of the halogen family, consisting of fluorine, chlorine, bromine, iodine, and astatine. + @@ -13868,6 +28356,7 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. chemical element A substance made up of atoms with the same atomic number; common examples are hydrogen, gold, and iron. + @@ -13881,6 +28370,8 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. air pollution Presence in the atmosphere of large quantities of gases, solids and radiation produced by the burning of natural and artificial fuels, chemical and other industrial processes and nuclear explosions. + + @@ -13891,6 +28382,7 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. emancipation The state of being free from social or political restraint or from the inhibition of moral or social conventions. + @@ -13898,11 +28390,13 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. embryo An early stage of development in multicellular organisms. + embryogenesis The formation and development of an embryo from an egg. + @@ -13911,12 +28405,14 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. emergency law + emergency plan Program of procedures to be undertaken in the event of a sudden, urgent and usually unexpected occurrence requiring immediate action, especially an incident of potential harm to human life, property or the environment. + @@ -13924,21 +28420,26 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. emergency relief Money, food or other assistance provided for those surviving a sudden and usually unexpected occurrence requiring immediate action, especially an incident of potential harm to human life, property or the environment. + emergency relief measure + emergency shelter Shelter given to persons who are deprived of the essential needs of life following a disaster. + + emission The release of greenhouse gases or air pollutants and/or their precursors into the atmosphere over a specified area and period of time + @@ -13979,6 +28480,12 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. emission control Procedures aiming at reducing or preventing the harm caused by atmospheric emissions. + + + + + + @@ -13995,6 +28502,10 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. emission data Data concerning pollutants released into the environment from a permanent or mobile installation or from products. + + + + @@ -14003,6 +28514,7 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. emission factor The relationship between the amount of pollutants produced to the amount of raw materials processed, or fuel consumed, in any polluting process. + @@ -14012,6 +28524,11 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. emission forecast The final step in a clean air plan is to predict future air quality to demonstrate that we can (if we can) meet the health standards by implementing the measures proposed in the plan. This is done by first projecting the emission inventory into the future, taking into account changes in population, housing, employment in specific business sectors, and vehicle miles traveled. These data are obtained from various sources and the resulting emissions are adjusted to account for regulations and control measures scheduled for implementation during the same time period. Additional adjustments are made to reflect large facilities that are expected to start up, modify, or shut down. The resulting inventory is an emission forecast, and is usually expressed in tons per day of particular pollutants for a given year. Additional steps may be required to determine how the forecasted quantities of air pollution will affect the overall air quality. One way to accomplish this is through computer modeling. A computer model simulates how pollutants disperse, react, and move in the air. The inputs to such a computer model are complex. They include weather patterns, terrain, and the chemical nature of air pollutants. + + + + + @@ -14022,12 +28539,20 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. airport A landing and taking-off area for civil aircraft, usually with surfaced runways and aircraft maintenance and passenger facilities. + + emission reduction The act or process of limiting or restricting the discharge of pollutants or contaminants, such as by setting emission limits or by modifying the emission source. + + + + + + @@ -14042,11 +28567,17 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. emission reduction banking A system for recording qualified air emission reductions for later use in bubble, offset, or netting transactions. Plant complexes that reduce emissions substantially may "bank" their "credits" or sell them to other industries. + + + emission register A listing, by source, of the amounts of air pollutants discharged in the atmosphere of a community daily. + + + @@ -14055,16 +28586,23 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. emission situation + emission source A chemical process, building, furnace, plant or other entity responsible for the discharge of pollutants or contaminants into the environment. + + + emission standard The maximum amount of discharge legally allowed from a single source, mobile or stationary. + + + @@ -14075,12 +28613,16 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. emission to water The discharge of solid, liquid or gaseous pollutants or contaminants into a body of water. + + employment The work or occupation in which a person is employed. + + @@ -14093,43 +28635,59 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. employment and environment Issues or initiatives pertaining to the inter-relationship between ecological concerns and the economics of employment, including sustained, environmentally safe development; the effect of environmental activism on jobs; and the creation of environmental occupations. + + employment level effect The result or impact of a specific policy, action or event upon the number of working-age persons holding jobs in a specific region, nation or sector of the economy. + + emulsification The process of dispersing one liquid in a second immiscible liquid. + + emulsion A stable dispersion of one liquid in a second immiscible liquid, such as milk (oil dispersed in water). + + encapsulation The enclosure of any polluting product with a material that prevents its release in the environment. + + encyclopaedia A comprehensive, often multivolume, reference work containing articles on a wide rage of subjects or on various aspects of a particular field, usually, alphabetically arranged. + + endangered animal species Animals, birds, fish or other living organisms threatened with extinction by natural or human-induced changes in their environment. + + air quality The degree to which air is polluted; the type and maximum concentration of man-produced pollutants that should be permitted in the atmosphere. + + @@ -14140,12 +28698,16 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. endangered plant species The plants threatened with extinction by human or natural changes in the environment. + + endangered species (IUCN) One of the three degrees of "rarity" drawn up by the International Union for the Conservation of Natural Resources. All plants and animals in these categories need special protection. Endangered species are those species in danger of extinction unless steps are taken to change the cause of threat and decline. + + @@ -14153,26 +28715,37 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. groundwater endangering Threat to the quality and quantity of groundwater by activities related to the use of land. As some activities (e.g. landfill) present a particular risk of pollution, the closer an activity is to a well or borehole, the greater the risk of the pumped water being polluted. The type of soil, the geology, the rainfall and the amount of water pumped out of the ground must all be taken into consideration. + + + endocrine system The chemical coordinating system in animals, that is, the endocrine glands that produce hormones. + + endocrinology The study of the endocrine glands and the hormones that they synthesize and secrete. + + end-of-pipe technology An approach to pollution control which concentrates upon effluent treatment or filtration prior to discharge into the environment, as opposed to making changes in the process giving rise to the wastes. + + energy The capacity to do work; involving thermal energy (heat), radiant energy (light), kinetic energy (motion) or chemical energy; measured in joules. + + @@ -14185,17 +28758,21 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. energy balance The energetic state of a system at any given time. + energy conservation The strategy for reducing energy requirements per unit of industrial output or individual well-being without affecting the progress of socio-economic development or causing disruption in life style. In temperate developed countries most energy is used in heating and lighting industrial and domestic buildings. Industrial processes, transport and agriculture are the other main users. During the 1970s it was demonstrated that substantial savings could be achieved through appropriate building technologies and the use of energy-efficient equipment for heating, air-conditioning and lighting. Most goods could and should be both manufactured and made to work more efficiently. + + energy consumption Amount of energy consumed by a person or an apparatus shown as a unit. + @@ -14203,10 +28780,16 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. energy conversion The process of changing energy from one form to another. + + energy demand + + + + @@ -14214,6 +28797,8 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. air quality control The measurement of ambient air-pollution concentrations in order to determine whether there is a problem in a given region. + + @@ -14221,11 +28806,16 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. energy dissipation Any loss of energy, generally by conversion into heat. + energy distribution system Any publicly or privately organized setup in which usable power such as electricity is delivered to homes and businesses. + + + + @@ -14233,22 +28823,29 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. energy economics The production, distribution, and consumption of usable power such as fossil fuel, electricity, or solar radiation. + + energy efficiency Refers to actions to save fuels by better building design, the modification of production processes, better selection of road vehicles and transport policies, the adoption of district heating schemes in conjunction with electrical power generation, and the use of domestic insulation and double glazing in homes. + + energy legislation + + energy management The administration or handling of power derived from sources such as fossil fuel, electricity and solar radiation. + @@ -14259,11 +28856,15 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. energy market The trade or traffic of energy sources treated as a commodity (such as fossil fuel, electricity, or solar radiation). + + energy policy A statement of a country's intentions in the energy sector. + + @@ -14271,12 +28872,16 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. energy process Any natural phenomenon or series of actions by which energy is converted or made more usable. + + energy production Generation of energy in a coal fired power station, in an oil fired power station, in a nuclear power station, etc. + + @@ -14294,11 +28899,14 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. energy recovery A form of resource recovery in which the organic fraction of waste is converted to some form of usable energy. Recovery may be achieved through the combustion of processed or raw refuse to produce steam through the pyrolysis of refuse to produce oil or gas; and through the anaerobic digestion of organic wastes to produce methane gas. + energy resource Potential supplies of energy which have not yet been used (such as coal lying in the ground, solar heat, wind power, geothermal power, etc.). + + @@ -14306,6 +28914,8 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. air quality management Regulate and plan and work toward the accomplishment of completion of stated goals, objectives and mission pertaining to air quality. + + @@ -14314,11 +28924,14 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. energy saving Avoiding wasting energy. + energy source Potential supplies of energy including fossil and nuclear fuels as well as solar, water, wind, tidal and geothermal power. + + @@ -14331,12 +28944,16 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. energy source material Sources from which energy can be obtained to provide heat, light, and power. Energy resources, including fossil and nuclear fuels as well as solar, water, tidal and geothermal energy, may be captured or recovered and converted into other energy forms for a variety of household, commercial, transportation, and industrial applications. + + energy storage Amount of energy reserves; often refers to the stocks of non-renewable fuel, such as oil, which a nation, for example, possesses. + + @@ -14345,6 +28962,8 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. energy supply The provision and storage of energy (the capacity to do work or produce a change), or the amount of energy stored, for the use of a municipality, or other energy user. + + @@ -14352,6 +28971,8 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. energy technology + + @@ -14359,6 +28980,7 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. energy type According to the source, energy can be classified as hydroenergy, solar energy, tidal energy, wind energy, waves energy, geothermal energy, etc.. According to the type of fuel used for its production, energy can be classified as nuclear energy, coal derived energy, petroleum derived energy, biomass derived energy, etc. + @@ -14368,6 +28990,7 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. energy utilisation + @@ -14385,17 +29008,23 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. energy utilisation pattern + + enforcement The execution, carrying out or putting into effect an order, regulation, law or official decree. + engine A machine in which power is applied to do work by the conversion of various forms of energy into mechanical force and motion. + + + @@ -14403,25 +29032,35 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. enlargement policy + enlargement programme + + enriched uranium Uranium whose concentration of uranium-235, which is able to sustain a nuclear chain reaction, is increased by removing uranium-238. + + + enrichment The process of increasing the abundance of a specified isotope in a mixture of isotopes. It is usually applied to an increase in the proportion of U-235, or the addition of Pu-239 to natural uranium for use in a nuclear reactor or weapon. + + + adequate food supply A quantity of nutriments that meets fundamental nutritional requirements and is provided to a person, group or community on a continuing basis. + @@ -14429,43 +29068,58 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. environmental accident An unexpected occurrence, failure or loss, with the potential for harming the ecosystem or natural resources. + + environmental accounting + + environmental protection advice Consultations or recommendations given as a guide of action regarding the preservation of ecological integrity and the defense or shelter of natural resources. + air safety Any measure, technique or design intended to reduce the risk of harm posed by either moving vehicles or projectiles above the earth's surface or pollutants to the earth's atmosphere. + environmental anxiety + + environmental sustainable architecture Environmentally friendly architecture is based on the following five principles: 1) healthful interior environment; 2) energy efficiency; 3) ecologically benign materials; 4) environmental form; 5) good design. + environmental aspect of human settlements Human settlements have an adverse impact on many ecosystems and on themselves by the addition of toxic or harmful substances to the outer lithosphere, hydrosphere, and atmosphere. The major types of environmental pollutants are sewage, trace metals, petroleum hydrocarbons, synthetic organic compounds, and gaseous emissions. Most, if not all, of the additions of potentially harmful substances to the environment are result of the population growth and the technological advances of industrial societies. + + + environmental assessment The evaluation or appraisal of ecological or natural resources. + + + @@ -14489,6 +29143,9 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. environmental assessment criterion Principle or standard for the evaluation or appraisal of ecological or natural resources. + + + @@ -14502,6 +29159,8 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. environmental auditing An assessment of the nature and extent of any harm or detriment, or any possible harm or detriment, that may be inflicted on any aspect of the environment by any activity process, development programme, or any product, chemical, or waste substance. Audits may be designed to: verify or otherwise comply with environmental requirements; evaluate the effectiveness of existing environmental management systems; assess risks generally; or assist in planning for future improvements in environment protection and pollution control + + @@ -14509,6 +29168,8 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. environmental awareness The growth and development of awareness, understanding and consciousness toward the biophysical environment and its problems, including human interactions and effects. Thinking "ecologically" or in terms of an ecological consciousness. + + @@ -14522,11 +29183,15 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. environmental balance Final part of the environmental impact study and assessment which compares environmental costs and benefits on the basis of homogeneous criteria. + + environmental change Changes that may take place in ecosystems, climate, soil, habitats, etc. due to pressures of various origin. + + @@ -14541,32 +29206,46 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. environmental chemicals legislation + + + environmental chemistry Science dealing with the physical, chemical and biochemical processes that polluting substances undergo when introduced in the environment. + + environmental compatibility Condition of products or projects of having a reduced impact or burden on the natural environment. + + environmental consequence Resultant of natural or man-made perturbations of the physical, chemical or biological components making up the environment. + + airspace planning The activity of organizing or preparing for transportation through the atmosphere above earth's surface. + + + environmental conservation Efforts and activities to maintain and sustain those attributes in natural and urban environments which are essential both to human physical and mental health and to enjoyment of life. + + @@ -14585,11 +29264,14 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. environmental contingency planning The production of an organized, programmatic and coordinated course of action to be followed in the case of some accident, disaster or occurrence threatening an ecosystem and the human health or natural resources within it. + + environmental control Protection of the environment through policies concerning the control of wastes, the improvement of the human-made environment, the protection of heritage values, the institution of national parks and reserves, the protection of fauna and flora, the conservation of forests and landscapes, etc. + @@ -14600,6 +29282,8 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. environmental cost Expenses incurred as a result of some violation of ecological integrity either by an enterprise that implements a program to rectify the situation, or by society or the ecosystem as a whole when no person or enterprise is held liable. + + @@ -14609,16 +29293,21 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. environmental crime Unlawful acts against the environment, such as water contamination, hazardous waste disposal, air contamination, unpermitted installation of plants, oil spills, etc. + environmental criminal law The aggregate of statutory enactments pertaining to actions or instances of ecological negligence deemed injurious to public welfare or government interests and legally prohibited. + environmental criterion Standards of physical, chemical or biological (but sometimes including social, aesthetic, etc.) components that define a given quality of an environment. + + + @@ -14631,17 +29320,25 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. accidental release of organisms Genetically engineered organisms that are released in the environment by mistake; once released they may exhibit some previously unknown pathogenicity, might take over from some naturally occurring bacteria (possibly having other positive functions which thus are lost) or pass on some unwanted trait to such indigenous bacteria. There is also concern that an uncontrolled genetic mutation could produce a form with hazardous consequences for the environment. + + + + environmental culture The total of learned behavior, attitudes, practices and knowledge that a society has with respect to maintaining or protecting its natural resources, the ecosystem and all other external conditions affecting human life. + + + environmental damage Harm done to the environment, e.g. loss of wetlands, pollution of rivers, etc. + @@ -14654,6 +29351,9 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. environmental data Information concerning the state or condition of the environment. + + + @@ -14670,6 +29370,7 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. environmental development The growth, progress or advancement in matters of ecological concern. + @@ -14677,6 +29378,8 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. air temperature The temperature of the atmosphere which represents the average kinetic energy of the molecular motion in a small region and is defined in terms of a standard or calibrated thermometer in thermal equilibrium with the air. + + @@ -14684,6 +29387,7 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. environmental economy issue A matter of public importance involving both a community's or a country's management of financial resources and its protection of natural resources. + @@ -14706,22 +29410,29 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. environmental economics A recognized field of specialization in the discipline of Economics that embraces the issues of pollution control and environment protection, in which costs and benefits are difficult or impossible to estimate, much of the subject matter falling outside the competitive market system. Yet, it is an area in which immense common property resources need to be allocated sensibly to the overall public good. The subject is also very much concerned with ways and means to achieve this sensible allocation such as emission and effluent charges, user charges for the treatment or disposal of waste, environmental taxes, product charges, deposit refunds, tradeable pollution rights, performance bonds, natural resource accounting, and the economic implications of sustainable development. + environmental education The educational process that deals with the human interrelationships with the environment and that utilizes an interdisciplinary problem-solving approach with value clarification. Concerned with education progress of knowledge, understanding, attitudes, skills, and commitment for environmental problems and considerations. The need for environmental education is continuous, because each new generation needs to learn conservation for itself. + + environmental enterprise Organisations that are specialized in providing advice on environmental matters, for example investigation and remediation of potentially polluted land, water and air, and in the evaluation of environmental impacts; they employ professionals with the qualifications of engineering, geology, chemistry, hydrogeology, landscaping, environmental economics, etc. + + environmental ethics An ecological conscience or moral that reflects a commitment and responsibility toward the environment, including plants and animals as well as present and future generations of people. Oriented toward human societies living in harmony with the natural world on which they depend for survival and well being. + + @@ -14729,6 +29440,8 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. air traffic Aircraft moving in flight or on airport runways. + + @@ -14740,16 +29453,21 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. environmental fund Financial resources set aside for measures involving ecological maintenance or the protection, defense, or shelter of natural resources. + environmental hazard A physical or chemical agent capable of causing harm to the ecosystem or natural resources. + + + environmental health The art and science of the protection of good health, the prevention of disease and injury through the control of positive environmental factors, and the reduction of potential physical, biological, chemical and radiological hazards. + @@ -14757,27 +29475,35 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. environmental health hazard Any physical, chemical or other agent capable of causing harm to the interrelationship between humans and the surrounding external conditions, threatening both human well-being and ecological integrity. + environmental health impact assessment Assessment of impacts caused by an action on the health conditions of a population. + environmental health protection Measures or devices designed to reduce the risk of harm to human health posed by pollutants or other threatening conditions in the ecosystem. + environmental history A systematic and chronological account of past events and conditions relating to the ecosystem, its natural resources or, more generally, the external factors surrounding and affecting human life. + + + environmental impact Any alteration of environmental conditions or creation of a new set of environmental conditions, adverse or beneficial, caused or induced by the action or set of actions under consideration. + + @@ -14796,6 +29522,9 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. environmental impact assessment Analysis and judgement of the effects upon the environment, both temporary and permanent, of a significant development or project. It must also consider the social consequences and alternative actions. + + + @@ -14805,54 +29534,71 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. environmental impact of agriculture Agricultural activities have significant impacts on water quality, including increases in stream sedimentation from erosion, and increases in nutrients, pesticides, and salt concentrations in runoff. In certain regions, the misuse of pesticides has led to the development of pesticide-resistant strains of pests, destroyed natural predators, killed local wildlife, and contaminated human water supplies. Improper application of fertilizers has changed the types of vegetation and fish types inhabiting nearby waterways and rivers. + + environmental impact of aquaculture Fish farming pollutes the water with nutrients, methane and hydrogen sulphide which threaten both farmed fish and other marine life. Dangerous pesticides have been used to treat infestations of sea lice. + + + environmental impact of energy Energy and environmental problems are closely related, since it is nearly impossible to produce, transport, or consume energy without significant environmental impact. The environmental problems directly related to energy production and consumption include air pollution, water pollution, thermal pollution, and solid waste disposal. The emission of air pollutants from fossil fuel combustion is the major cause of urban air pollution. Diverse water pollution problems are associated with energy usage. One major problem is oil spills. In all petroleum-handling operations, there is a finite probability of spilling oil either on the earth or in a body of water. Coal mining can also pollute water. Changes in groundwater flow produced by mining operations often bring otherwise unpolluted waters into contact with certain mineral materials which are leached from the soil and produce an acid mine drainage. Solid waste is also a by-product of some forms of energy usage. Coal mining requires the removal of large quantities of earth as well as coal. In general, environmental problems increase with energy use and this combined with the limited energy resource base is the crux of the energy crisis. An energy impact assessment should compare these costs with the benefits to be derived from energy use. + + environmental impact of fishing Fishing may have various negative effects on the environment: effluent and waste from fish farms may damage wild fish, seals, and shellfish. Fish farmers use tiny quantities of highly toxic chemicals to kill lice: one overdose could be devastating. So-called by-catches, or the incidental taking of non-commercial species in drift nets, trawling operations and long line fishing is responsible for the death of large marine animals and one factor in the threatened extinction of some species. Some fishing techniques, like the drift nets, yield not only tons of fish but kill millions of birds, whales and seals and catch millions of fish not intended. Small net holes often capture juvenile fish who never have a chance to reproduce. Some forms of equipment destroy natural habitats, for example bottom trawling may destroy natural reefs. Other destructive techniques are illegal dynamite and cyanide fishing. + + + environmental impact of forestry The world's forestry resources are shrinking at an alarming rate. The need for foreign exchange encourages many developing countries to cut timber faster than forests can be regenerated. This overcutting not only depletes the resource that underpins the world timber trade, it causes loss of forest-based livelihoods, increases soil erosion and downstream flooding, and accelerates the loss of species and genetic resources. + + environmental impact of households Household impacts on the environment include domestic heating emissions (hot air, carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, water vapour and oxide of nitrogen, sulphur and other trace gases); domestic sewage consisting of human bodily discharges, water from kitchens, bathrooms and laundries; the dumping of bulky wastes such as old washing machines, refrigerators, cars and other objects that will not fit into the standard dustbin and which are often dumped about the countryside, etc. + environmental impact of industry The effects on the environment connected with industrial activities are mainly related to the production of industrial wastes that can be divided into various types: solid waste, such as dust particles or slag from coal; liquid wastes from various processes, including radioactive coolants from power stations; and gas wastes, largely produced by the chemical industry. + + environmental impact of recreation Recreation and tourism are often accompanied by extensive damage to the environment. Aquatic ecosystems are particularly vulnerable to the effects of an increased tourist trade and the resultant building of hotel accommodations, sewage disposal works, roads, car parks and landing jetties on banks and coastlines; and the increased angling, swimming, water skiing, shooting or use of motor-boats in the water body. These all produce direct deleterious effects when conducted on a massive scale, including shore damage, chemical changes in the water, and sediments and biological changes in the plant and animal communities. + environmental impact of tourism Extensive damage to the environment caused by recreation and tourism, including despoiling of coastlines by construction of tourist facilities; pollution of the sea; loss of historic buildings to make way for tourist facilities; loss of agricultural land for airport development, etc. + @@ -14860,21 +29606,31 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. environmental impact of transport Impact of transportation-related activities on the environment, in particular, those impacts dealing with air pollution, noise, displacement of people and businesses, disruption of wildlife habitats, and overall growth-inducing effects. + + + environmental impact statement A detailed statement which, to the fullest extent possible, identifies and analyses, among other things, the anticipated environmental impact of a proposed action and discusses how the adverse effects will be mitigated. + + + environmental impact study Survey conducted to ascertain the conditions of a site prior to the realization of a project, to analyze its possible impacts and compensative measures. + + + environmental incentive + @@ -14883,17 +29639,23 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. environmental indicator A measurement, statistic or value that provides a proximate gauge or evidence of the effects of environmental management programs or of the state or condition of the environment. + + environmental index An index of available environmental articles from 1972 to present; also known as Environmental Abstract Annual. + + environmental industry Industries involved in the development of cleaner technologies, waste and wastewater treatment, recycling processes, biotechnology processes, catalysts, membranes, desulphurisation plants, noise reduction, and the manufacture of other products having an environment protection purpose. + + @@ -14902,16 +29664,22 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. air traffic law International rules and conventions relating to air transportation. + + + environmental informatics Science and techniques of data elaboration and of computer processing of information concerning ecosystems and ecology. + environmental information Knowledge communicated or received concerning any aspect of the ecosystem, the natural resources within it or, more generally, the external factors surrounding and affecting human life. + + @@ -14920,17 +29688,22 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. environmental information network A system of interrelated persons and devices linked to permit the exchange of data or knowledge concerning natural resources, human health and other ecological matters. + + environmental information system A coordinated assemblage of people, devices or other resources designed to exchange data or knowledge concerning any aspect of the ecosystem, the natural resources within or, more generally, the external factors surrounding and affecting human life. + + environmental investment Securities held for the production of income in the form of interest and dividends with the aim of benefitting the environment. + @@ -14938,25 +29711,34 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.environmentalism 1) Concern for the environment and its protection. 2) Theory emphasizing the primary influence of the environment on the development of groups or individuals. It stresses the importance of the physical, biological, psychological, or cultural environment as a factor influencing the structure or behaviour of animals, including humans. In politics, this has given rise in many countries to Green Parties, which aim to " Preserve the planet and its people". + + environmental law A wide spectrum of options from binding "hard" laws, such as international treaties and national legislation, to "soft" laws, covering guiding principles, recommended practices and procedures, and standards. Environmental law also attempts to reconcile international considerations with concerns that focus on very specific problems such as soil degradation, marine pollution or the depletion of non-renewable resources. + air traffic regulation + + + environmental law enforcement Any variety of activities associated with promoting compliance and obedience to those binding rules of a state that have been promulgated to safeguard ecological integrity, preserve natural resources and protect human health. + + environmental legislation Branch of law relating to pollution control; national parks, wildlife, fauna and flora, wilderness and biodiversity; environmental and occupational health; environmental planning; heritage conservation and a large number of international conventions relating to the environment. + @@ -14973,62 +29755,88 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. environmental legislation on agriculture A binding rule or body of rules prescribed by a government to regulate any aspect of farm and livestock production that poses a threat to ecological integrity and human health, especially the use of pesticides, fertilizers and land. + + + environmental legislative process The systematic course of proceedings in which a bill that would preserve or protect ecological resources may be enacted as a law. + + environmental liability The penalty to be paid by an organization for the damage caused by pollution and restoration necessary as a result of that damage, whether by accidental spillages from tankers, industrial waste discharges into waterways or land, or deliberate or accidental release of radioactive materials. + environmental licence A governmental license or grant that allows and regulates an enterprise's discharge of air pollutants, typically from a commercial or industrial plant. + + environmentally dangerous substance Substance that causes undesirable change in the physical, chemical, or biological characteristics of the air, water, or land that can harmfully affect the health, survival, or activities of human or other living organisms. + + + environmental friendly procurement The process of obtaining products and services which are favorably disposed toward the environment. + + + + environmentally friendly product Product that is not harmful to the environment. + + environmentally friendly management Adoption of integrated and preventative management practices aiming at reducing the impacts of industrial and trade activities on the environment; these practices include, among others, life-cycle analysis in the product development cycle, the introduction of clean process technology and measures of waste minimisation. + + environmentally related disease + environmentally responsible behaviour + environmentally unfriendly firm Firms that do not comply with environmental regulations for the disposal of noxious wastes generated during the production cycle. + + + environmental management Measures and controls which are directed at environmental conservation, the rational and sustainable allocation and utilization of natural resources, the optimization of interrelations between society and the environment, and the improvement of human welfare for present and future generations. + + @@ -15056,21 +29864,28 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. environmental medicine The art and science of the protection of good health, the promotion of aesthetic values, the prevention of disease and injury through the control of positive environmental factors, and the reduction of potential physical, biological, chemical, and radiological hazards. + environmental misconduct + environmental monitoring Periodic and/or continued measuring, evaluating, and determining environmental parameters and/or pollution levels in order to prevent negative and damaging effects to the environment. Also include the forecasting of possible changes in ecosystem and/or the biosphere as a whole. + + + + environmental noise The sound and the characteristics of sounds from all sources in the surrounding environment. + @@ -15086,16 +29901,20 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. environmental perception An intuitive recognition or understanding of the ecosystem and its natural resources, often based on human experiences or cultural attitudes or beliefs. + + environmental performance + environmental planning The identification of desirable objectives for the physical environment, including social and economic objectives, and the creation of administrative procedures and programmes to meet those objectives. + @@ -15110,16 +29929,21 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. air transportation The use of aircraft, predominantly airplanes, to move passengers and cargo. + + + environmental plan A formulated or systematic method for the protection of natural or ecological resources. + environmental policy Official statements of principles, intentions, values, and objective which are based on legislation and the governing authority of a state and which serve as a guide for the operations of governmental and private activities in environmental affairs. + @@ -15137,6 +29961,8 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. environmental policy instrument Technological, economical and legislative measures employed to prevent or control pollution or damage of the environment. + + @@ -15145,6 +29971,7 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. environmental pollution The introduction by man into the environment of substances or energy liable to cause hazards to human health, harm to living resources and ecological systems, damage to structure or amenity, or interference with legitimate uses of the environment. + @@ -15154,11 +29981,14 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. environmental priority + + environmental programme An organized group of activities and procedures, often run by a government agency or a nonprofit organization, to protect natural or ecological resources and advocate for ecological progress. + @@ -15167,6 +29997,10 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. air-water interaction The physical processes at the air-water interface: momentum, heat and mass transfer across the air-water interface, mixing of surface water by wind stress and wave breaking, directional wave spectra and wave forces on offshore structures. The air-water interaction is measured by the turbulence and gas exchanges resulting from the mixing of the water column by wind. + + + + @@ -15174,6 +30008,7 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. environmental protection Measures and controls to prevent damage and degradation of the environment, including the sustainability of its living resources. + @@ -15186,50 +30021,67 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. environmental protection agency EPA is the US Government's watchdog agency responsible for controlling the pollution of air and water, pesticides, radiation hazards and noise pollution. The agency is also involved in research to examine the effects of pollution. + environmental protection association Associations whose object resides in the protection of natural environment. + + environmental protection cost The amount of money incurred in the preservation, defense, or shelter of natural resources. + environmental protection in the enterprise Precautionary actions, procedures or installations undertaken by non-governmental, business or industrial entities to prevent or reduce harm to the ecosystem and human health. + + environmental protection order + environmental protection organisation A government agency, committee or group that is responsible for preserving and safeguarding ecological or natural resources. + environmental protection regulation A government or management prescribed rule for the preservation of natural resources and the prevention of damage or degradation of the ecosystem. + environmental protection technology Technologies that meet environmental objectives by incorporating pollution prevention concepts in their design. Environmental control strategies introduced in the early design stages of a process, rather than an end-of-pipe control option introduced in the later stages, improve the technical and economic performance of a process. + + environmental psychology A branch of experimental psychology which studies the relationships between behavior and the environmental context in which it occurs. Environmental psychology's primary focus is the influence of the physical environment and, therefore, much of the research in this area deals with the influences of noise, air pollution, climatic changes, etc. + + environmental quality Properties and characteristics of the environment, either generalized or local, as they impinge on human beings and other organisms. Environmental quality is a general term which can refer to: varied characteristics such as air and water purity or pollution, noise, access to open space, and the visual effects of buildings, and the potential effects which such characteristics may have on physical and mental health. + + + + @@ -15238,10 +30090,15 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. environmental quality criterion Criteria followed in establishing standards for exposure to pollutants and noise, in respect of pesticides, detergents, composition of effluents, discharge of trade wastes, etc. + + + + environmental quality objective + @@ -15251,11 +30108,14 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. environmental quality standard Normative documents and guidelines for determining the degree of environmental conditions and requirements to avoid negative and damaging effects, influences, and consequences. + + environmental report An account or statement, usually in writing, describing in detail events, situations or conditions pertaining to the ecosystem, its natural resources or any of the external factors surrounding and affecting human life. + @@ -15264,6 +30124,7 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. environmental research The study of the environment and its modifications caused by human activities. + @@ -15271,6 +30132,8 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. environmental risk assessment Qualitative and quantitative evaluation of the risk posed to the environment by the actual or potential presence and/or use of specific pollutants. + + @@ -15279,31 +30142,43 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. environmental risk Likelihood, or probability, of injury, disease, or death resulting from exposure to a potential environmental hazard. + environmental science The interdisciplinary study of environmental problems, within the framework of established physical and biological principles, i.e. oriented toward a scientific approach. + environmental security Measures taken or policies instituted to protect and promote the safety of external conditions affecting the life, development and survival of an organism. + environmental specimen bank Places in which selected specimens (fish, mussels, milk, soil sample and human tissue, etc.) are stored without being allowed to decompose. + + + environmental statement (eco-audit) Assessment made by a company or organization of the financial benefits and disadvantages to be derived from adopting a more environmentally sound policy. + + + environmental statistics + + + @@ -15311,32 +30186,41 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. environmental stock exchange The buying, selling, or exchanging of ecological commodities. + environmental subsidy Payment by a government to assist or improve performance regarding ecological maintenance or the protection, defense, or shelter of natural resources. + + environmental target Environmental elements of recognized importance which can be modified by the completion of a project. + alarm Signalling an impending danger in order to call attention to some event or condition. + environmental teaching Instruction, training or the imparting of knowledge about the external conditions affecting the life, development and survival of organisms, including potential dangers to the ecosystem and the means to maintain its integrity. + + environmental technology + + @@ -15354,36 +30238,47 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. environmental terminology The vocabulary of technical terms and usage appropriate to community, corporate, governmental and other groups concerned with protecting natural resources, preserving the integrity of the ecosystem and safeguarding human health. + environmental training Teaching of specialists and qualified workers who acquire knowledge and skills necessary to solve environmental problems. + + environmental economic valuation The assessment, evaluation, or appraisal of business performance in matters involving ecology and finances. + environmental vandalism + environmental warfare The direct manipulation or destruction of ecological resources as either a political threat or for actual military advantage. + + + environment friendly Human activities, enterprises or products that reinforce rather than undermine the integrity of the ecosystem. + + environment A concept which includes all aspects of the surroundings of humanity, affecting individuals and social groupings. The European Union has defined the environment as "the combination of elements whose complex interrelationships make up the settings, the surroundings and the conditions of life of the individual and of society, as they are or as they are felt". The environment thus includes the built environment, the natural environment and all natural resources, including air, land and water. It also includes the surroundings of the workplace. + @@ -15395,12 +30290,15 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. enzyme Any of a group of catalytic proteins that are produced by living cells and that mediate and promote the chemical processes of life without themselves being altered or destroyed. + + epidemic A sudden increase in the incidence rate of a disease to a value above normal, affecting large numbers of people and spread over a wide area. + @@ -15409,17 +30307,21 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.epidemiology 1) The study of the mass aspects of disease. 2) The study of the occurrence and distribution of disease and injury specified by person, place, and time. + + equine Animals belonging to the family of Equidae. + equipment Any collection of materials, supplies or apparatuses stored, furnished or provided for an undertaking or activity. + @@ -15451,16 +30353,23 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. equivalent dose A quantity used in radiation protection, expressing all radiation on a common scale for calculating the effective absorbed dose. The unit of dose equivalent is the rem. which is numerically equal to the absorbed dose in rads multiplied by certain modifying factors such as the quality factor, the distribution factor, etc. + ergonomics The study of human capability and psychology in relation to the working environment and the equipment operated by the worker. + + + erosion The general process or the group of processes whereby the materials of Earth's crust are loosened , dissolved, or worn away and simultaneously moved from one place to another, by natural agencies, which include weathering, solution, corrosion, and transportation, but usually exclude mass wasting. + + + @@ -15470,59 +30379,80 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. erosion control Practices used during construction or other land disturbing activities to reduce or prevent soil erosion. Typical practices include planting of trees and quick growing grass on disturbed areas and other means to slow the movement of water across a disturbed site and trap the soil that does get transported by runoff. + + + + estuarine biology The scientific study or the characteristic life processes of living organisms found in a semi-enclosed coastal body of water which has a free connection with the open sea and within which sea water is measurably diluted with freshwater. + + estuarine conservation area Estuarine area which has been reserved by legislation to protect part or all of the enclosed environment for conservation, scientific, educational and/or recreational purposes. + + estuarine ecosystem + + estuarine oceanography The study of the physical, chemical, biological and geological characteristics of a semi-enclosed coastal body of water which has a free connection with the open sea and within which sea water is measurably diluted with fresh water. + estuary Area at the mouth of a river where it broadens into the sea, and where fresh and sea water intermingle to produce brackish water. The estuarine environment is very rich in wildlife, particularly aquatic, but it is very vulnerable to damage as a result of the actions of humans. + + etching The incision of lines on a plate of metal, glass, or other material by covering it with an acid-resistant coating, scratching through the coating, and then permitting an acid bath to erode exposed parts of the plate. + + etching substance Substance capable of wearing away the surface of a metal, glass, etc. by chemical action. + + ether A colorless liquid, slightly soluble in water; used as a reagent, intermediate, anesthetic, and solvent. + alcohol A group of organic chemical compounds composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen. The molecules in the series vary in chain length and are composed of a hydrocarbon plus a hydroxyl group. Alcohol includes methanol and ethanol. + ethics The philosophical study of the moral value of human conduct and of the rules and principles that ought to govern it. + + @@ -15530,27 +30460,34 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. ethnology The science that deals with the study of the origin, distribution, and relations of races or ethnic groups of mankind. + + + ethology The study of animal behaviour in a natural context. + EU Council The Council of the European Union is an institution which exercises legislative and decision-making powers. At the same time, it is the forum in which the representatives of the Governments of the 15 Member States can assert their interests and try to reach compromises. The Council ensures general coordination of the activities of the European Community, the main objective of which is the establishment of an internal market, i.e. an area without internal frontiers guaranteeing four freedoms of movement - for goods, persons, services and capital - to which should soon be added a single currency. In addition, the Council is responsible for intergovernmental cooperation, in common foreign and security policy (CFSP) and in the areas of justice and home affairs (JHA), including for example matters of immigration and asylum, combating terrorism and drugs and judicial cooperation. + Euratom A precursor to the European Community, the European Atomic Energy Community was founded in 1958 by the European Common Market to conduct research, develop nuclear energy, create a common market for nuclear fuels and supervise the nuclear industry so as to prevent abuse and protect health. + Europe The second smallest continent, forming the W extension of Eurasia: the border with Asia runs from the Urals to the Caspian and the Black Sea. The coastline is generally extremely indented and there are several peninsulas (notably Scandinavia, Italy and Iberia) and offshore islands (including the British Isles and Iceland). It contains a series of great mountain systems in the south (Pyrenees, Alps, Apennines, Carpathians, Caucasus), a large central plain, and a N region of lakes and mountains in Scandinavia. + @@ -15558,41 +30495,50 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. European Commission The European Union's administrative body, composed of twenty independent members appointed by the Member States for five-year terms and vested with powers of initiative, implementation, management and control according to the mandates established in EU Treaties or handed down by the EU Council. + European Court of Justice The supreme court of The European Union which oversees the application of the EU treaties, decides upon the validity and the meaning of Community legislation and determines whether any act or omission by the European Commission, the Council of Minister or any member state constitutes a breach of Community law. + European Environment Agency The EEA is being set up to provide the European Community and its member states with objective, reliable and standardized information on the environment. It will assess the success of existing environmental policies and the data will be used to develop new policies for environmental protection measures. It will gather information covering the present, and foreseeable, state of the environment. The priority area are: air quality and emissions; water quality, pollutants and resources; soil quality, flora and fauna, and biotopes; land use and natural resources; waste management; noise pollution; chemicals; and protection of coastal areas. The Agency will also take into account the socio-economics dimension, cover transboundary and international matters, and avoid the duplication of the activities of other bodies. + European Environmental Council + accident source The cause or origin of an unexpected occurrence, failure or loss with the potential for harming human life, property or the environment. + European nature reserve + + European Parliament Formerly the "Assembly" of EEC. Comprises some 520 "representatives of the peoples" of European Community states, directly elected, and based in Strasbourg. Exercises advisory and supervisory powers; debates and passes resolutions and may veto admission of new member states. + European Union - The 15 nations (Belgium, Denmark, France, Germany, Greece, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, the Netherlands, Portugal, Spain, the UK, Austria, Finland and Sweden) that have joined together to form an economic community with common monetary, political and social aspirations. The EU came into being on 1 November 1993 according to the terms of the Maastricht Treaty; it comprises the three European Communities, extended by the adoption of a common foreign and security policy which requires cooperation between member states in foreign policy and security and cooperation in justice and home affairs. + . + @@ -15615,6 +30561,9 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. eutrophication A process of pollution that occurs when a lake or stream becomes over-rich in plant nutrient; as a consequence it becomes overgrown in algae and other aquatic plants. The plants die and decompose. In decomposing the plants rob the water of oxygen and the lake, river or stream becomes lifeless. Nitrate fertilizers which drain from the fields, nutrients from animal wastes and human sewage are the primary causes of eutrophication. They have high biological oxygen demand (BOD). + + + @@ -15622,12 +30571,15 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. alga Simple, green, aquatic plants without stems, roots or leaves. They are among the microscopic organisms that form the start of the food chain. Algae are found floating in the sea and fresh water, but they also grow on the surface of damp walls, rocks, the bark of trees and on soil. They contain chlorophyll and other pigments that let them grow by photosynthesis. On land, algae can be useful in improving the fertility of soil by nitrogen fixation. + evaluation + + @@ -15642,34 +30594,44 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. evaluation criterion A standard, norm, value or measurement by which the quantity or quality of a process, object or person's work performance is ascertained through an analysis and judgment of the relevant information in context and in view of established goals, objectives and standards. + evaluation method + evaluation of technology + + + evaporation Conversion from a liquid or solid state to a vapour. + + + evapotranspiration Discharge of water from the earth's surface to the atmosphere by evaporation from lakes, streams and soil surfaces and by transpiration from plants. Also known as fly-off. + evolution The biological theory or process whereby species of plants and animals change with the passage of time so that their descendants differ from their ancestors, i.e. development from earlier forms by hereditary transmission of slight variations in successive generations. + @@ -15677,21 +30639,30 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. exact science Mathematics and other sciences based on calculation. + excavated hole A pit, cavity, or other uncovered cutting produced by excavation. + + excavation (process) The removal of earth from its natural position. + + + algal bloom Excessive and rapid growth of algae and other aquatic plants when they are stimulated to grow too quickly by pollution. It takes place when there are too many nutrients in the water and is aggravated when accompanied by a rise in temperature. Although the algae grow quickly they soon die because they have swallowed up all the water's nutrients. As they decompose they tend to rise to the surface and form a green slime. Algal bloom have increased because higher levels of nitrogen and phosphates from agricultural areas have leached from the fields into water courses. + + + @@ -15699,33 +30670,46 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. excavation heap Residue in form of a heap, consisting of earth or other material, produced by excavation. + excavation site The location chosen for an excavation, meaning the act or process of removing soil and/or rock materials by digging, blasting, breaking, loading either at the surface or underground. + + + excessive height of chimney stacks + + + + executive order An order or regulation issued by the president or some administrative authority under his direction for the purpose of interpreting, implementing or giving administrative effect to a provision of the constitution or of some law or treaty. + exhaust device 1) A duct or pipe through which waste material is emitted. 2) A combination of components which provides for enclosed flow of exhaust gas from engine parts to the atmosphere. + + + exhaust gas Offgas produced during combustion processes discharged directly or ultimately to the atmosphere. + @@ -15736,18 +30720,23 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. existing chemical Chemical products existing before 18-09-1981. + + + exotic species Plants, animals or microorganisms which are introduced by humans into areas where they are not native. Exotics are often associated with negative ecological consequences for native species and the ecosystems. + expenditure Spending by consumers, investors, or government for goods or services. + @@ -15756,11 +30745,14 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. algicide Any substance or chemical applied to kill or control algal growth. + + experiment A test under controlled conditions that is made to demonstrate a known truth, examine the validity of a hypothesis, or determine the efficacy of something previously untried. + @@ -15771,26 +30763,35 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. expert system A computer configuration of hardware and software that simulates the judgment and behavior of a human or an organization with extensive knowledge in a particular field, often by giving answers, solutions or diagnoses. + + exploration The search for economic deposits of minerals, ore, gas, oil, or coal by geological surveys, geophysical prospecting, boreholes and trial pits, or surface or underground headings, drifts, or tunnels. + + explosion A violent, sudden release of energy resulting from powders or gases undergoing instantaneous ignition or from some other means of detonation, often accompanied by a force producing great amounts of heat, major structural damages, shock waves and flying shrapnel. + explosive A substance, such as trinitrotoluene, or a mixture, such as gunpowder, that is characterized by chemical stability but may be made to undergo rapid chemical change without an outside source of oxygen, whereupon it produces a large quantity of energy generally accompanied by the evolution of hot gases. + + export To send, take or carry an article of trade or commerce out of the country. To transport merchandise from one country to another in the course of trade. + + @@ -15798,37 +30799,54 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. export licence Permission from a government to carry or send abroad and sell a product manufactured within its borders. + + + export of hazardous wastes Transporting by-products of society that possesses at least one of four characteristics (ignitability, corrosivity, reactivity, or toxicity) to other countries or areas for the conduct of foreign trade. + + + + + + exposure The time for which a material is illuminated or irradiated. + expropriation To deprive an owner of property, especially by taking it for public use. + + extensive cattle farming Farming system practiced in very large farms, characterized by low levels of inputs per unit area of land; in such situations the stocking rate, the number of livestock units per area , is low. + + externality Discrepancies between private costs and social costs or private advantages and social advantages; the basic concept of externality is interdependence without compensation. + + alicyclic compound Any substance composed of two or more unlike atoms held together by chemical bonds characterized by straight-chained, branched or cyclic properties. + @@ -15836,17 +30854,23 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.extinction (ecological) 1) The complete disappearance of a species of plant or animal from the planet. 2) Disappearing of animals and plants from the biota. + extinct species (IUCN) Animal or plant species which have completely disappeared from the planet. + + extraction Any process by which a pure metal is obtained from its ore. + + + @@ -15859,11 +30883,14 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. alicyclic hydrocarbon A class of organic compounds containing only carbon and hydrogen atoms joined to form one or more rings and having the properties of both aliphatic and cyclic substances. + extractive industry Primary activities involved in the extraction of non-renewable resources. + + @@ -15871,26 +30898,35 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. fabric Any cloth made from yarn or fibres by weaving, knitting, felting, etc. + factor market Significant elements or reasons for an outcome in the buying, selling, and trading of particular goods or services. + factory farming The technique of capital intensive animal-raising in an artificial environment, used for chicken, egg, turkey, beef, veal and pork production. Animals are restrained in a controlled indoor environment and their food is brought to them. The building take on the appearance of industrial units. + + faecal bacterium Bacteria contained in human and animal faeces. + + + + aliphatic compound Any organic compound of hydrogen and carbon characterized by a straight chain of the carbon atoms. + @@ -15898,6 +30934,10 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. fallout The descent of airborne solid or liquid particles to the ground, which occurs when the speed at which they fall due to gravity exceeds that of any upward motion of the air surrounding them. + + + + @@ -15907,39 +30947,51 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. fallow area Land area normally used for crop production but left unsown for one or more growing seasons. + + fallow land Arable land not under rotation that is set at rest for a period of time ranging from one to five years before it is cultivated again, or land usually under permanent crops, meadows or pastures, which is not being used for that purpose for a period of at least one year. Arable land which is normally used for the cultivation of temporary crops but which is temporarily used for grazing is included. + + family A group comprising parents, offsprings and others closely related or associated with them. + family planning The control of the number of children in a family and of the intervals between them, especially by the use of contraceptives. + aliphatic hydrocarbon Hydrocarbons having an open chain of carbon atoms, whether normal or forked, saturated or unsaturated. + famine A severe shortage of food, as through crop failure or over population. It may be due to poor harvests following drought, floods, earthquake, war, social conflict, etc. + + + farm animal Animals reared in farms for working and producing food such as meat, eggs and milk. + + @@ -15949,28 +31001,35 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. farm building The dwelling on a farm as distinguished from utility buildings as a barn, corncrib, milk house. + + alkali land Any geomorphic area, often a level lake-like plain, with soil containing a high percentage of mineral salts, located especially in arid regions. + farm Any tract of land or building used for agricultural purposes, such as for raising crops and livestock. + + fast traffic + fauna The entire animal life of a given region, habitat or geological stratum. + @@ -15979,21 +31038,25 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. federal authority The power of a central government agency or its administrators to carry out the terms of the law creating the agency as well as to administer and implement regulations, laws and government policies. + federal government A system in which a country or nation formed by a union or confederation of independent states is governed by a central authority or organization. + federal law A binding rule or body of rules established by a government that has been constituted as a union of independent political units or states. + fee A charge fixed by law for services of public officers or for use of a privilege under control of government. + @@ -16001,17 +31064,24 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. feeding of animals The act and effect of supplying animals with food. + fen Waterlogged, spongy ground containing alkaline decaying vegetation, characterized by reeds, that may develop into peat. It sometimes occurs in the sinkholes of karst region. + + fermentation Any enzymatic transformation of organic substrates, especially carbohydrates, generally accompanied by the evolution of gas; a physiological counterpart of oxidation, permitting certain organisms to live and grow in the absence of air; used in various industrial processes for the manufacture of products, such as alcohols, acids, and cheese by the action of yeasts, molds, and bacteria; alcoholic fermentation is the best-known example. Also known as zymosis. + + + + @@ -16020,11 +31090,15 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. fern Any of a large number of vascular plants composing the division Polypodiophyta, without flowers and fruits. + fertiliser Substance added to soil for the purpose of promoting plant life, usually containing nitrogen, potassium and phosphorus, e.g. manure, guano, rock phosphates. + + + @@ -16037,6 +31111,9 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. fertiliser law + + + @@ -16044,6 +31121,7 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. fibre An extremely long, pliable, cohesive natural or manufactured threadlike object from which yarns are spun to be woven into textiles. + @@ -16051,43 +31129,60 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. fibreglass A material made from small fibres of glass twisted together, which is used for keeping buildings warm, or a plastic strengthened by these fibres and used for making structures such as the outsides of cars and boats. + + field A limited area of land with grass or crops growing on it, which is usually surrounded by fences or closely planted bushes when it is part of a farm. + + field damage A decline in the productivity of an area of land or in its ability to support natural ecosystems or types of agriculture. Degradation may be caused by a variety of factors, including inappropriate land management techniques, soil erosion, salinity, flooding, clearing, pests, pollution, climatic factors, or progressive urbanization. + + + field experiment Experiment carried out on a substance or on an organism in the open air as opposed to in a laboratory. + field study Scientific study made in the open air to collect information that can not be obtained in a laboratory. + filling material Any substance used to fill the holes and irregularities in planed or sanded surfaces so as to decrease the porosity of the surface for finish coatings. + filling station A place where petrol and other supplies for motorists are sold. + + + + + film A motion picture; a thin flexible strip of cellulose coated with a photographic emission, used to make negatives and transparencies. + + @@ -16095,6 +31190,8 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. filter A porous material for separating suspended particulate matter from liquids by passing the liquid through the pores in the filter and sieving out the solids. + + @@ -16104,18 +31201,24 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. filter cake Accumulated solids, wet or dry, generated by any filtration process, including accumulation on fabric filters in air filtering processes, or accumulation of wet solids in liquid filtering processes. + + alkali soil Soil that contains sufficient exchangeable sodium to interfere with water penetration and crop growth, either with or without appreciable quantities of soluble salts. + filtration Separation of suspended particles from a liquid, gas, etc., by the action of a filter. + + + @@ -16127,11 +31230,15 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. final storage A system where inert materials, which are not to be mobilized by natural processes even for long time periods, are confined by three barriers: the natural impermeable surroundings, an artificial barrier (such as liner) which can be controlled and, most important, the inert material itself. The concept of final storage includes the possibility to mine the materials in the future if such materials are sufficiently "clean" (mono-landfills) and if it becomes economic to mine such ores. + + + finances The monetary resources or revenue of a government, company, organization or individual. + @@ -16150,32 +31257,38 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. financial assistance Help and support provided on matters concerning money. + financial compensation The financial reparations that a claimant seeks or a court awards for injuries sustained or property harmed by another. + financial contribution Something given, including any form of income or price support; individual investor's monetary offering or contribution to common fund or stock; government agency's or lending aid agency's subsidy, grant, or other contribution to help bolster an economy. + financial instrument A generic term that refers to the many different forms of financing a business may use. For example - loans, shares, and bonds are all considered financing instruments. + financial law + financial market A place or institution in which buyers and sellers meet and trade monetary assets, including stocks, bonds, securities and money. + @@ -16183,6 +31296,7 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. financing Procurement of monetary resources or credit to operate a business or acquire assets. + @@ -16193,17 +31307,20 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. fine A pecuniary punishment or penalty imposed by lawful tribunal upon person convicted of crime or misdemeanor. + fine dust Air-borne solid particles, originating from human activity and natural sources, such as wind-blown soil and fires, that eventually settle through the force of gravity, and can cause injury to human and other animal respiratory systems through excessive inhalation. + fire The state of combustion in which inflammable material burns, producing heat, flames and often smoke. + @@ -16211,6 +31328,7 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. fire precaution Measure, action or installation implemented in advance to avert the possibility of any unexpected and potentially harmful combustion of materials. + @@ -16218,17 +31336,20 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. fireproofing agent A chemical used as a coating for or a component of a combustible material to reduce or eliminate a tendency to burn; used with textiles, plastics, rubbers, paints, and other materials. + alkane Paraffins. A homologous series of saturated hydrocarbons having the general formula CnH2n+2. Their systematic names end in -ane. They are chemically inert, stable, and flammable. The first four members of the series (methane, ethane, propane, butane) are gases at ordinary temperatures; the next eleven are liquids, and form the main constituents of paraffin oil; the higher members are solids. Paraffin waxs consists mainly of higher alkanes. + fire protection All necessary precautions to see that fire is not initiated, by ensuring that all necessary fire fighting apparatus is in good order and available for use if fire should break out, and by ensuring that personnel are properly trained and drilled in fighting fire. + @@ -16236,17 +31357,24 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. fire safety requirement Rules to be followed and safety systems to be adopted for preventing or fighting fire. + fire service Technical organisation with trained personnel for dealing with fires and other incidents and for co-operating in their prevention. + + + firing The process of applying fire or heat, as in the hardening or glazing of ceramics. + + + @@ -16255,6 +31383,8 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. firm A commercial partnership of two or more persons, especially when incorporated. + + @@ -16269,12 +31399,16 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. fish disease + + + fishery The industry of catching, processing and selling fish. + @@ -16294,6 +31428,7 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. fisheries management The administration and handling of aspects of the fishing industry, including the catching, processing and selling of fish. + @@ -16301,6 +31436,9 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. fishery resource + + + @@ -16308,17 +31446,23 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. fishery economics The production, distribution, and consumption of fish and seafood and all financial aspects of the fishing and seafood industry. + + fishery policy Common Fisheries Policy which covers all fishing activities, the farming of living aquatic resources, and their processing and marketing, on the legal basis of Article 39 of the Treaty of Rome. It was agreed between members of the European Community in 1983. It lays down annual catch limits for major species of fish, a 12-mile exclusive fishing zone for each state, and an equal-access zone of 200 nautical miles from its coast within which any member state is allowed to fish. + + fish Cold-blooded aquatic vertebrates. + + @@ -16326,12 +31470,15 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. fish farming Raising of fish in inland waters, estuaries or coastal waters. + fishing The attempt to catch fish or other aquatic animal with a hook or with nets, traps, etc. + + @@ -16342,34 +31489,51 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. alkyl compound Compound containing one or more alkyl radicals. + fishing industry Industry for the handling, processing, and packing of fish or shellfish for market or shipment. + + + + fishing law Rules concerning fishing activities; in international law the matter is ruled by the 1958 Geneva Convention. + + fishing preserve Limited portion of a water body where angling is allowed. + + + + + fishing vessel + + fish kill Fish diseases observed in the past three decades and which have been attributed to pollution include: haemorrhages; tumours; fin rot; deformed fins; and missing scales and tails. In industrialized countries, increasing numbers of fish are deemed inedible. Many small kills are not noticed or are not reported, and large kills are often not included because of insufficient information to determine whether the kills were caused by pollution or by natural factors. Low dissolved oxygen levels resulting from excessive sewage is one of the leading causes. The second most common cause is pesticides. + + + @@ -16377,73 +31541,102 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. fish stock Quantity of fish held for future use. + + fish toxicity + + + + fitting (plumbing) Plumbing equipment in a building. + fixed schedule of charges + flag of convenience Practice of registering a merchant vessel with a country that has favourable (i.e. less restrictive ) safety requirements, registration fees, etc. + flaring 1) Flares use open flames during normal and/or emergency operations to combust hazardous gaseous. The system has no special features to control temperature or time of combustion; however, supplemental fuel may be required to sustain the combustion. Historically, flares have been used to dispose of waste gases in the oil and gas industry and at wastewater treatment plants having anaerobic digestors. Regulation for thermal destruction of hazardous wastes limit the practical use of flaring to combustion of relatively simple hydrocarbons, such as methane from digesters or landfill gas collection systems. 2) A control device that burns hazardous materials to prevent their release into the environment; may operate continuously or intermittently, usually on top a stack. + + + + + rapid test Tests performed in the medical field whose results are available very quickly. + flavouring A substance, such as an extract or a spice, that imparts flavor. + flea Any of the wingless insects composing the order Siphonaptera; most are ectoparasites of mammals and birds. + allergen Any antigen, such as pollen, a drug, or food, that induces an allergic state in humans or animals. + + flexible approach to environmental protection Plans, referred to in various rules as emissions averaging, or flexible compliance plans, allow facilities to undercontrol some emission points that are too costly to control to mandated levels as long as these units are balanced by overcontrolling other emission units that are more cost-effective to control. + + flocculant A reagent added to a dispersion of solids in a liquid to bring together the fine particles to form flocs. + + flocculation A process of contact and adhesion whereby the particles of a dispersed substance form large clusters or the aggregation of particles in a colloid to form small lumps, which then settle out. + + + + flood An unusual accumulation of water above the ground caused by high tide, heavy rain, melting snow or rapid runoff from paved areas. + + @@ -16455,6 +31648,8 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. flood control Measures taken to prevent or reduce harm caused by an unusual accumulation of water above the ground, often involving the construction of reservoirs and channeling structures. + + @@ -16463,6 +31658,7 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. flooding A general and temporary condition of partial or complete inundation of normally dry land areas from the overflow of inland and/or tidal waters, and/or the unusual and rapid accumulation or runoff of surface waters from any source. A great flow along a watercourse or a flow causing inundation of lands not normally covered by water. + @@ -16473,32 +31669,42 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. flora (biology) The plant life characterizing a specific geographic region or environment. + flora restoration The process of returning plant ecosystems and habitats to their original conditions. + + + flotation A process used to separate particulate solids by causing one group of particles to float; utilizes differences in surface chemical properties of the particles, some of which are entirely wetted by water, others are not. + + + flow The forward continuous movement of a fluid through closed or open channels or conduits. + flower The reproductive structure of angiosperm plants, consisting of stamens and carpels surrounded by petals and sepals all borne on the receptacle. + flowering plant Plants capable of producing conspicuous flowers. + @@ -16514,32 +31720,42 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. flow field The velocity and the density of a fluid as functions of position and time. + + + flowing water Moving waters like rivers and streams. + flue gas The gaseous combustion product generated by a furnace and often exhausted through a chimney (flue). + allergy A condition of abnormal sensitivity in certain individuals to contact with substances such as proteins, pollens, bacteria, and certain foods. This contact may result in exaggerated physiologic responses such as hay fever, asthma, and in severe enough situations, anaphylactic shock. + fluidics A control technology that employs fluid dynamic phenomena to perform sensing, control, information, processing, and actuation functions without the use of moving mechanical parts. + fluidisation A roasting process in which finely divided solids are suspended in a rising current of air (or other fluid), producing a fluidized bed; used in the calcination of various materials, in the coal industry, etc. + + + @@ -16547,31 +31763,47 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.fluidised bed 1) A system for burning solid carbonaceous fuel efficiently and at a relatively low temperature, thus minimizing the emission of pollutants. The fuel is crushed to very small particles or a powder and mixed with particles of an inert material. The mixture is fed into a bed through which air is pumped vertically upwards, agitating the particles so they behave like a fluid. The forced circulation of air and the small size and separation of fuel particles ensures efficient burning. 2) A bed of finely divided solid through which air or a gas is blown in a controlled manner so that it behaves as a liquid. + + + fluoridation The addition of the fluorine ion to municipal water supplies in a final concentration of 0.8-1.6 ppm (parts per million) to help prevent dental caries in children. + + + fluorine A gaseous or liquid chemical element; a member of the halide family, it is the most electronegative element and the most chemically energetic of the nonmetallic elements; highly toxic, corrosive, and flammable; used in rocket fuels and as a chemical intermediate. + fluvial resource Any source of supply derived from a river, particularly its water, which is collected, stored and treated, then distributed for domestic, industrial, farm and other uses. + + + river transport Transportation of goods or persons by means of ships travelling on rivers. + + + fly ash Finely divided particles of ash that are entrained in flue gases resulting from the combustion of fuel or other material. The particles of ash may contain incompletely burned fuel and other pollutants. + + + @@ -16579,36 +31811,46 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. foaming agent Substances which make it possible to form a homogenous dispersion of a gaseous phase in a liquid or solid medium. + + fodder Bulk feed for livestock, especially hay, straw, etc. + + + fog Water droplets or, rarely, ice crystals suspended in the air in sufficient concentration to reduce visibility appreciably. + mist Fine water droplets suspended in the air, which reduce visibility. Usually mists form at night, when the temperature falls because the sky is clear. If visibility falls below 1,000 metres, the mist becomes a fog. + allocation The assignment or allotment of resources to various uses in accord with a stated goal or policy. + foliage The green leaves of a plant. + food A material that can be ingested and utilized by the organism as a source of nutrition and energy. + @@ -16622,33 +31864,49 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. food additive Substances that have no nutritive value in themselves (or are not being used as nutrients) which are added to food during processing to improve colour, texture, flavour, or keeping qualities. + + food chain A sequence of organisms on successive trophic levels within a community, through which energy is transferred by feeding; energy enters the food chain during fixation by primary producers (mainly green plants) and passes to the herbivores (primary consumers) and then to the carnivores (secondary and tertiary consumers). + allocation plan The formulation and application of such measures as laws, economic plans, urbanism, etc., to ensure a balance between the population's needs and the country's resources. + + + food colourant Any digestible substance, usually a synthetic dye, which manufacturers add to food to give it color and enhance its appearance. + + food commerce An interchange of any food commodity or related food products, usually on a large scale. + + + + food contamination + + + + @@ -16656,11 +31914,16 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. food hygiene That part of the science of hygiene that deals with the principles and methods of sanitation applied to the quality of foodstuffs, to their processing, preparation, conservation and consumption by man. + + food industry The commercial production and packaging of foods that are fabricated by processing, by combining various ingredients, or both. + + + @@ -16672,17 +31935,24 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. food irradiation The most recent addition to food preservation technologies is the use of ionizing radiation, which has some distinct advantages over conventional methods. With irradiation, foods can be treated after packaging, thus eliminating post-processing contamination. In addition, foods are preserved in a fresh state and can be kept longer without noticeable loss of quality. Food irradiation leaves no residues, and changes in nutritional value due to irradiation are comparable with those produced by other processes. Irradiation is the process of applying high energy to a material, such as food, to sterilize or extend its shelf-life by killing microorganisms, insects and other pests residing on it. Sources of ionizing radiation that have been used include gamma rays, electron beams and X-rays. Gamma rays are produced by radioactive isotopes such as Cobalt-60. Electron beams are produced by linear accelerators, which themselves are powered by electricity. The dose applied to a product is the most important factor of the process. At high doses, food is essentially sterilized, just as occurs in canning. Products so treated can be stored at room temperature almost indefinitely. Controversial and banned in some countries. + + food pollutant Potentially harmful substances in any food consumed by humans, or other animals, including inorganic and organic chemicals, viruses and bacteria. + + + + food preservation Processing designed to protect food from spoilage caused by microbes, enzymes, and autooxidation. + @@ -16691,16 +31961,23 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. food processing industry A commercial establishment in which food is manufactured or packaged for human consumption. + + + food production (agriculture) + + food quality + + @@ -16708,6 +31985,7 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. food requirement The minimum food ration required for satisfying the essential needs of an organism. + @@ -16716,17 +31994,23 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. food science The applied science which deals with the chemical, biochemical, physical, physiochemical, and biological properties of foods. + + food storage Stock of food kept in storage as a national measure to provide security against fluctuations in food supply. + + foodstuff A substance that can be used or prepared for use as food. + + @@ -16750,32 +32034,48 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. food technology The application of science and engineering to the refining, manufacturing, and handling of foods; many food technologists are food scientists rather than engineers. + + food transport + footpath A narrow path for walkers only. + + + forage contamination Introduction of hazardous or poisonous substances such as arsenic or lead into, or onto, fodder for animals. The animals consume the contaminated feed and can become sick and may die. + + + + forage law + + + + alloy Any of a large number of substances having metallic properties and consisting of two or more elements; with few exceptions, the components are usually metallic elements. + + @@ -16784,6 +32084,7 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. forecast An estimate or prediction of a future condition. + @@ -16796,22 +32097,28 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. foreclosure To shut out, to bar, to destroy an equity of redemption. A termination of all rights of the mortgagor or his grantee in the property covered by the mortgage. The process by which a mortgagor of real or personal property, or other owner of property subject to a lien, is deprived of his interest therein. Procedure by which mortgaged property is sold on default of mortgagor in satisfaction of mortgage debt. In common usage, refers to enforcement of lien, trust deed, or mortgage in any method provided by law. + foreign economic relations Dealing in economic or monetary matters with foreign countries. + + foreign policy The diplomatic policy of a nation in its interactions with other nations. + foreign trade Trade between countries and firms belonging to different countries. + + @@ -16820,6 +32127,8 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. forest A vegetation community dominated by trees and other woody shrubs, growing close enough together that the tree tops touch or overlap, creating various degrees of shade on the forest floor. It may produce benefits such as timber, recreation, wildlife habitat, etc. + + @@ -16840,22 +32149,31 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. alluvion An overflowing; an inundation or flood, especially when the water is charged with much suspended material. + forest conservation + + forest cover destruction Destruction of forests is carried out in many countries in order to provide new land for agricultural or livestock purposes. It is often done without factors such as climate and topography having been sufficiently studied and on lands where slope nature of the soil or other physiographic characteristics clearly indicate that the land involved is suitable only for forest. Although these practices may lead to a temporary increase in productivity, there are also many indications that in the long run there is usually a decrease in productivity per unit of surface and that erosion and irreversible soil deterioration often accompany this process. Many factors contribute to forest cover destruction: timber production, clearance for agriculture, cutting for firewood and charcoal, fires, droughts, strip mining, pollution, urban development, population pressures, and warfare. + + + + forest damage Reduction of tree population in forests caused by acidic precipitation, forest fires, air pollution, deforestation, pests and diseases of trees, wildlife, etc. + + @@ -16863,28 +32181,40 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. forest ecosystem Any forest environment, in which plants and animals interact with the chemical and physical features of the environment, in which they live. + + + forest fire A conflagration in or destroying large wooded areas having a thick growth of trees and plants. + + + alpha radiation A stream of alpha particles which are ejected from many radioactive substances having a penetrating power of a few cm in air but can be stopped by a thin piece of paper. + forest industry A sector of the economy in which an aggregate of establishments is engaged in the management of an extensive area of woodland, often to produce products and benefits such as timber, wildlife habitat, clean water, biodiversity and recreation. + + + forest management Planning of forest utilization for wood production, conservation purposes, fauna and flora protection, recreation and water supply. + + @@ -16893,22 +32223,30 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. forest pest Organisms that damage trees. + + + forest policy A course of action adopted and pursued by government or some other organization, which seeks to preserve or protect an extensive area of woodland, often to produce products and benefits such as timber, wildlife habitat, clean water, biodiversity and recreation. + + forest production Forests produce a range of products including firewood and charcoal, lumber, paper, and crops such as coffee, oil palm, and rubber. With careful planning of growth and harvesting, wood and other forest products are, in principle, renewable resources. But achieving renewability takes time - often decades, sometimes centuries. Without careful management, pressure for short-term exploitation can lead to tree removal, soil degradation, and conversion of woodland to other uses. Consumption of forest resources can lead to environmental problems as well as loss of critical habitat and species. + forest product Any material afforded by a forest for commercial use, such as tree products and forage. + + @@ -16919,6 +32257,10 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. forest reserve Forest area set aside for the purpose of protecting certain fauna and flora, or both. + + + + @@ -16927,11 +32269,16 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. forest resource assessment + + forest resource Forest resources consist of two separate but closely related parts: the forest land and the trees (timber) on that land. + + + @@ -16939,6 +32286,7 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. forestry The management of forest lands for wood, forages, water, wildlife, and recreation. + @@ -16959,17 +32307,23 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. forestry economics The production, distribution, and consumption of goods and services from the industry involved with the process of establishing and managing forests. + + forestry law A binding rule or body of rules prescribed by a government to regulate any extensive area of woodland, for the protection and preservation of game, timber and other forest resources. + + forestry legislation A binding rule or body of rules prescribed by a government to regulate the use and conservation of wooded areas, most often those owned by the government itself. + + @@ -16978,6 +32332,7 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. forestry practice The farming of trees to ensure a continuing supply of timber and other forest products. Foresters care for existing trees, protecting them from fire, pests and diseases, and felling where trees are overcrowded or dying and when ready for cropping. They also plant new areas (afforestation) and replant felled areas (reafforestation). + @@ -16985,6 +32340,7 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. form of government Form of authority in which an individual or group of individuals wield power over the majority. + @@ -16994,11 +32350,15 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. fossil Any remains, trace, or imprint of a plant or animal that has been preserved in the Earth's crust since some past geologic or prehistoric time. + fossil fuel The energy-containing materials which were converted over many thousands of years from their original form of trees, plants and other organisms after being buried in the ground. Physical and chemical processes occurred in the Earth's crust that changed them into coal, peat, oil or natural gas. + + + @@ -17010,12 +32370,19 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. fouling growth The adhesion of different marine organisms to the underwater parts of ships, causing the ships to loose speed. + + + four stroke engine An internal combustion engine whose cycle is completed in four piston strokes; includes a suction stroke, compression stroke, expansion stroke, and exhaust stroke. + + + + @@ -17023,17 +32390,22 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. framework legislation A body of rules prescribed by a government, often composed in a series of inter-related parts, to establish or lay the foundation for a new project, agency or organizational structure. + access to information The ability, right and permission to approach and use, or the general availability of resources that convey knowledge. + + freight transport Transportation of goods by ship, aircraft or other vehicles. + + @@ -17044,11 +32416,15 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. freon Trade name for a group of polyhalogenated hydrocarbons containing fluorine and chlorine; an example is trichlorofluoromethane. + + + freshwater Water having a relatively low mineral content, generally less than 500 mg/l of dissolved solids. + @@ -17063,11 +32439,14 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. freshwater biology The scientific study or the characteristic life processes of living organisms found in a natural body of water that does not contain significant amounts of dissolved salts and minerals, such as a lake or river. + + freshwater degradation Pollution immediately or eventually involves the hydrological cycle of the earth, because even pollutants emitted into the air and those present in the soil are washed out by precipitation. Water is considered polluted when it is altered in composition or condition so that it becomes less suitable for any or all of the functions and purposes for which it would be suitable in its natural state. This definition includes changes in the physical, chemical and biological properties of water, or such discharges of liquid, gaseous or solid substances into water as will or are likely to create nuisances or render such water harmful to public health, safety or welfare, or to domestic, commercial, industrial, agricultural, fish or other aquatic life. It also includes changes in temperatures, due to the discharge of hot water. + @@ -17076,27 +32455,36 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. freshwater ecosystem The living organisms and nonliving materials of an inland aquatic environment. + + alternative material Materials employed in the place of others which are more dangerous for the environment, such as phosphate substitutes in detergents. + freshwater monitoring + + freshwater organism Organisms which live in freshwater. + + freshwater pollution The direct or indirect human alteration of the biological, physical, chemical or radiological integrity of freshwater. + + @@ -17105,6 +32493,8 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. freshwater resource The network of rivers, lakes, and other surface waters that supply water for food production and other essential human systems. + + @@ -17112,22 +32502,29 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. frog Any insectivorous anuran amphibian of the family Ranidae, such as Rana temporaria of Europe, having a short squat tailless body with a moist smooth skin and very long hind legs specialized for hopping. + frost A deposit of interlocking ice crystals formed by direct sublimation on objects. + + fruit A fully matured plant ovary with or without other floral or shoot parts united with it at maturity. + + + fruit cultivation Cultivation of fruit trees for home consumption or on a commercial basis. + @@ -17136,12 +32533,16 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. fruit tree Any tree that bears edible fruit. + + fuel Solid, liquid, or gaseous material such as gas, gasoline, oil, coal or wood, used to produce heat or power by burning. + + @@ -17168,31 +32569,46 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. fuel additive Substance (such as tetraethyl lead) which is added to petrol to prevent knocking. + + + fuel alcohol Alternative source of energy for motor vehicles. It is produced by fermentation of sugar cane by the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. + + + fuel composition + + + alternative technology Technology that, as an alternative to resource-intensive and wasteful industry, aims to utilize resources sparingly, with minimum damage to the environment, at affordable cost and with a possible degree of control over the processes. + + fuel consumption The amount of fuel utilized. + + fuel oil A liquid product burned to generate heat, exclusive of oils with a flash point below 38°C; includes heating oils, stove oils, furnace oils, bunker fuel oils. + + @@ -17200,6 +32616,9 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. fuel tank installation The operating, fuel-storage component of a fuel system. + + + @@ -17207,12 +32626,16 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. fuel wood Wood used for heating. + + + fume Solids in the air that have been generated by the condensation of vapors, chemical reactions or sublimation (a direct change from solid to gas). Often metallic oxides or metals, these particles are less than 1 micrometer in diameter and may be toxic. + @@ -17220,26 +32643,33 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. alumina A natural or synthetic oxide of aluminum widely distributed in nature, often found as a constituent part of clays, feldspars, micas and other minerals, and as a major component of bauxite. + fumigation The use of a chemical compound in a gaseous state to kill insects, nematodes, arachnids, rodents, weeds, and fungi in confined or inaccessible locations; also used to control weeds, nematodes, and insects in the field. + + functional substance A substance from the point of view of its function or purpose, for example a painting agent or a preserving substance. + + soil function The main soil function is participation in the material transformation and migrating processes occurring in the natural environment on which the functioning of ecosystems depends. The most active participants in the occurring processes are microorganisms and invertebrates, whose activity, different variety, complex structure, and abundance accurately reflect the soil type and its characteristics: so they are important indicators of ecological stability. The variety of soil organisms determine its self-regulatory and self-cleaning capacity. + mycete Nucleated usually filamentous, sporebearing organisms devoid of chlorophyll. + @@ -17247,41 +32677,52 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. fungus Nucleated usually filamentous, sporebearing organisms devoid of chlorophyll. + aluminium A light white metal, ductile and malleable, and a good conductor of electricity. It occurs widely in nature in clays and is the third most abundant element in the Earth's crust. It is extracted mainly from bauxite by electrolysis of a molten mixture of purified bauxite and cryolite. The metal and its alloys are used for aircraft, cooking utensils, electrical apparatus, and for many other purposes where its light weight is an advantage. Aluminium became implicated as an environmental health hazard in the 1980s on two counts. Biomedical scientists looking for possible causes of Alzheimer's disease, the premature senility indicated by loss of memory and confusion, found a circumstantial link with aluminium. The theory is a controversial one. + fungicide Chemicals used to kill or halt the development of fungi that cause plant disease, such as: storage rot; seedling diseases; root rots; vascular wilts; leaf blights, rusts, smuts and mildews, and viral diseases. These can be controlled by the early and continued application of selected fungicides that either kill the pathogens or restrict their development. + + + fur The hair-covered, dressed pelt of such a mammal, used in the making of garments and as trimming or decoration. + + fur animal Animals bred and slaughtered for their fur. + + furan A colourless flammable toxic liquid heterocyclic compound, used in the synthesis of nylon. + furnace A structure or apparatus in which heat is produced by the combustion of fuel, often to warm houses, melt metals, produce steam and bake pottery. + @@ -17290,52 +32731,69 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. furniture The movable articles in a room or an establishment that make it fit for living or working. + aluminium container A can or box made of aluminium in which material is held or carried. + furniture industry + + furriery The business or trade of dressed furs and garments made from the coats of certain animals. + + gallinacean The order of birds that includes grouse, ptarmigan, capercaillie, partridges, pheasants, quails, turkeys and peacocks. These are mainly grain-eating, heavy-bodied, ground-nesting birds, capable of only short, rapid flights. The cocks are usually more colourful than the hens. + aluminium content Amount of aluminium contained in a solution. + + galvanisation The act of coating iron or steel with zinc, either by immersion in a bath of molten zinc or by deposition from a solution of zinc sulphate, to give protection against corrosion. + + game (animals) Wild animals, including birds and fish, hunted for sport, food or profit. + + gamma radiation Radiation of gamma rays. + garden A piece of land next to a house where flowers and other plants are grown and which often has an area of grass. + + + @@ -17346,44 +32804,60 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. aluminium industry A sector of the economy in which an aggregate of commercial enterprises is engaged in the mining and processing of aluminum. + garden waste Natural organic matter discarded from gardens and yards including leaves, grass clippings, prunings, brush and stumps. + garrigue Mediterranean bush consisting of low evergreen shrubs and abundant herbaceous plants. + gas A substance that continues to occupy in a continuous manner the whole of the space in which it is placed, however large or small this place is mad, the temperature remaining constant. + + + gas chromatography A separation technique involving passage of a gaseous moving phase through a column containing a fixed phase; it is used principally as a quantitative analytical technique for volatile compounds. + + gas company Company charged with the production and distribution of gas for domestic use. + + + gas engine An internal combustion engine that uses gaseous fuel. + + + + gaseous air pollutant Uncondensed or volatile gases, usually comprised of chemical compounds, discharged to the atmosphere. + @@ -17394,6 +32868,8 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. gaseous state State of matter in which the matter concerned occupies the whole of its container irrespective of its quantity. + + @@ -17401,6 +32877,9 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. treatment of gases Gas is treated before it can be supplied to the marketplace. The extent to which gas needs to be processed will depend on its quality, the amount of associated impurities such as water, carbon dioxide and sulphur compounds, and the ultimate end-use for the gas. Common gaseous impurities found in natural gas are carbon dioxide and sulphur compounds. Both have an acidic reaction and are given the generic name 'acid gases'. These gases can be removed by a number of commercial processes, using either a physical or a chemical solvent. Physical solvent processes tend to be used where gas pressures are high and for gases with lower levels of propane and heavier hydrocarbons. + + + @@ -17411,6 +32890,9 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.gasification 1) Any chemical or heat process used to convert a substance to a gas. 2) The production of gaseous fuels by reacting hot carbonaceous materials with air, steam or oxygen. The process takes place at high temperature. The gasification product is a mixture of combustible gases and tar compounds, together with particles and water vapour. Depending on the gasification method, the proportion of components varies, but common to all the processes is that the gas has to be purified before it can be used directly in a gas engine or a gas turbine. + + + @@ -17418,15 +32900,23 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. gas liquefaction Conversion of a gas to the liquid phase by cooling or compression. + + gas mixture + + gas network Interconnected system of pipes for the distribution and supply of gas. + + + + @@ -17435,43 +32925,66 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. gasohol A mixture of 80% or 90% petrol with 20% or 10% ethyl alcohol, for use as a fuel in internal combustion engines. + + gasoline engine An internal combustion engine that uses a mixture of air and gasoline vapour as a fuel. + + + + gas pipeline A long pipe, especially underground, used to transport gas over long distances. + + + + gas powered plant Power station which burns gas, as opposed to a coal-fired station or nuclear power station. + + + gas purification Removal of pollutants or contaminants from waste incineration or other combustion processes. + + + vapour recovery system Gas feedback device: while refuelling gasoline vapors are sucked off and led back again into the storage tank. + + + gas reservoir Large tank for storing coal gas or natural gas. + + gas supply The provision and storage of any fuel gas, or the amount of any fuel gas stored, for the use of a municipality, or other fuel gas user. + + @@ -17481,48 +32994,64 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. accumulation in body tissues + + alveolus A tiny, thin-walled, capillary-rich sac in the lungs where the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide takes place. Also called air sac. + + gastropod Any mollusc of the class Gastropoda, typically having a flattened muscular foot for locomotion and a head that bears stalked eyes. + gaswork Place where gas, especially coal gas, is made. + + + gender issue A point, matter or dispute concerning the capabilities, societal roles or other differences and divisions between women and men, especially the relative weight of biological and physical difference versus culture and socialization as a cause of those distinctions. + gene bank Storehouses of seeds or vegetative tissue, kept in low humidity and temperature, to help maintain genetic diversity. Sometimes known as seed banks or germ plasm banks. their contents mostly originate from a wide range of primitive strains and wild crop varieties. The International Board for Plant Genetic Resources (IBPGR), which was established in 1974, promotes the collection, documentation, evaluation, conservation and eventual use of genetic resources of significant plant species. Gene banks are the subject of international controversy because they contain seeds that have mostly been acquired from the developing countries by the industrially rich countries, where they have been used in breeding programmes to develop new strains. Instead of taking decades over a traditional plant breeding programme by fertilization, it is now possible to manipulate directly the genes of plants, creating genetically modified organisms (GMOs), which are plants modified to give a higher resistance to disease and improved growth and yields and, therefore, increase the profit of the plant breeder and farmer. + + general administrative order An administrative mandate outlining the process by which a concept, plan, decree or law is to be put into actual practice by a specific organization or government agency. + general chemistry The study of the elements and the compounds they form. + + gene A unit of heredity composed of DNA occupying a fixed position on a chromosome. A gene may determine a characteristic of an individual by specifying a polypeptide chain that forms a protein or part of a protein (structural gene); or repress such operation (repressor gene). + + @@ -17531,6 +33060,7 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. genetic diversity The variation between individuals and between populations within a species. + @@ -17539,6 +33069,7 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. genetic effect Inheritable change, chiefly mutations produced by chemical substances, herbicides, radiations, etc. + @@ -17547,6 +33078,8 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.genetic engineering 1) The complex of techniques for the production of new genes and the alteration of the structure of the chromosomes to produce effects beneficial to man, in agriculture and medicine. 2) The intentional production of new genes and alteration of genomes by the substitution or addition of new genetic material. + + @@ -17562,12 +33095,15 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. genetic engineering legislation + + genetic information The information for protein synthesis contained in the nucleotide sequences of the DNA polynucleotide chain. + @@ -17578,6 +33114,9 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. amalgam A solution of a metal in mercury. + + + @@ -17585,6 +33124,7 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. genetic modification Inheritable changes produced by ionizing radiation, exposure to certain chemicals, ingestion of some medication and from other causes. + @@ -17592,6 +33132,8 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. genetic resource The gene pool in natural and cultivated stocks of organisms that are available for human exploitation. It is desirable to maintain as diverse a range of organisms as possible, particularly of domesticated cultivars and their ancestors, in order to maintain a wide genetic base. The wider the genetic base, the greater the capacity for adaptation to particular environmental conditions. + + @@ -17599,6 +33141,7 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. genetics The science that is concerned with the study of biological inheritance. + @@ -17607,6 +33150,7 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. genetic variation Change in one or more phenotypic characteristics, due to gene mutation or rearrangement, environmental effects, etc. + @@ -17614,16 +33158,21 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. geodesy A subdivision of geophysics which includes determination of the size and shape of the earth, the earth's gravitational field, and the location of points fixed to the earth's crust in an earth-referred coordinate system. + + geogenic factor Geogenic factors are those which originate in the soil, as opposed to those of anthropic origin (anthropogenic). + geographic information system An organized collection of computer hardware, software, geographic data, and personnel designed to efficiently capture, store, update, manipulate, analyze, and display all forms of geographically referenced information that can be drawn from different sources, both statistical and mapped. + + @@ -17632,6 +33181,8 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. geography The study of the natural features of the earth's surface, comprising topography, climate, soil, vegetation, etc. and man's response to them. + + @@ -17646,12 +33197,16 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. geological disaster Disasters caused by movements and deformation of the earth's crust. + + geological process Dynamic actions or events that occur at the Earth's surface due to application of natural forces resulting from gravity, temperature changes, freezing and thawing, chemical reactions, seismic shaking, and the agencies of wind and moving water, ice and snow. Where and when a force exceeds the strength of the earth material, the material is changed by deformation, translocation, or chemical reactions. + + @@ -17661,6 +33216,9 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. geology The study or science of the earth, its history, and its life as recorded in the rocks; includes the study of geologic features of an area, such as the geometry of rock formations, weathering and erosion, and sedimentation. + + + @@ -17672,6 +33230,8 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. geomorphic process The physical and chemical interactions between the Earth's surface and the natural forces acting upon it to produce landforms. The processes are determined by such natural environmental variables as geology, climate, vegetation and baselevel, to say nothing of human interference. The nature of the process and the rate at which it operates will be influenced by a change in any of these variables. + + @@ -17681,21 +33241,27 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. geomorphology The study of the classification, description, nature, origin, and development of present landforms and their relationships to underlying structures, and of the history of geologic changes as recorded by these surface features. + + + geophysics The physics of the earth and its environment, that is, earth, air and space. + geotechnology The application of scientific methods and engineering techniques to the exploitation and use of natural resources. + geothermal energy An energy produced by tapping the earth's internal heat. At present, the only available technologies to do this are those that extract heat from hydrothermal convection systems, where water or steam transfer the heat from the deeper part of the earth to the areas where the energy can be tapped. The amount of pollutants found in geothermal vary from area to area but may contain arsenic, boron, selenium, lead, cadmium, and fluorides. They also may contain hydrogen sulphide, mercury, ammonia, radon, carbon dioxide, and methane. + @@ -17704,21 +33270,26 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.germ 1) A pathogenic micro-organism. 2) Living substance capable of developing into an organ, part, or organism as a whole; a primordium. + + germination The beginning or the process of development of a spore or seed. + germ plasm The hereditary material transmitted to the offspring via the gametes. + Americas The landmasses and islands of North America, South America, Mexico, and Central America included in the Western Hemisphere. + @@ -17728,6 +33299,8 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. glacier Slow moving masses of ice which have accumulated either on mountains or in polar regions. They are found where warm, moist air or warm water meets cold air or water. They move, influenced by the force of gravity and the pressure of the ice, above the underlying slush layers and slide downhill, eventually melting at lower levels to form rivers or reaching sea-level, where they form ice shelves or fall into the water as icebergs. + + @@ -17740,44 +33313,57 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.glaciology 1) The study of all aspects of snow and ice; the science that treats quantitatively the whole range of processes associated with all forms of solid existing water. 2) The study of existing glaciers and ice sheets, and of their physical properties. + + glass A hard, amorphous, inorganic, usually transparent, brittle substance made by fusing silicates, sometimes borates and phosphates, with certain basic oxides and then rapidly cooling to prevent crystallization. + + glass industry Industry for the production of glassware. + + global aspect Aspects concerning the whole world considered as being closely connected by modern telecommunications and as being interdependent economically, socially and politically. + + global convention A worldwide assembly of national, political party or organizational delegates, or the pact or the agreement that arises from such an assembly that forms, often, the preliminary to an international treaty. + Global Environment Facility An international organization established in 1990 to provide practical assistance to governments in achieving environmental improvements. The GEF is managed by the World Bank, which contributes 2/3 of its funds, the remaining 1/3 being controlled by the United Nations Development Programme. + global model Models concerning different aspects of reality which can be applied at global level. + + global warming Changes in the surface-air temperature, referred to as the global temperature, brought about by the greenhouse effect which is induced by emission of greenhouse gases into the air. + @@ -17788,48 +33374,61 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. glossary An alphabetical list of terms concerned with a particular subject, field or area of usage that includes accompanying definitions. + glue A crude, impure, amber-colored form of commercial gelatin of unknown detailed composition produced by the hydrolysis of animal collagen; gelatinizes in aqueous solutions and dries to form a strong, adhesive layer. + goal of individual economic business The aim, purpose, objective, or end for a profit-seeking enterprise engaged in commerce, manufacturing, or a service. + + Ames test A bioassay developed by Bruce N. Ames in 1974, performed on bacteria to assess the capability of environmental chemicals to cause mutations. + + golf A game played on a large open course, the object of which is to hit a ball using clubs, with as few strokes as possible, into each of usually 18 holes. + good management The competent, skillful and successful process of planning, leading and working toward the accomplishment or completion of goals, objectives and mission of an organization or institution. + government advisory body + government building Building for the offices of the main departments of government. + + + government (cabinet) A body of top government officials appointed to advise the President or the chief executive officer of a country, usually consisting of the heads of government departments or agencies. + @@ -17838,87 +33437,119 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. government environmental expenditure + government liability A public body's debt or other legal obligation arising out of transactions in the past which must be liquidated, renewed or refunded at some future date. + government policy Any course of action adopted and pursued by a ruling political authority or system, which determines the affairs for a nation, state or region. + amine One of a class of organic compounds which can be considered to be derived from ammonia by replacement of one or more hydrogens by organic radicals. + grain Edible, starchy seeds of the grass family (Graminae) usable as food by man and his livestock. + + + grass A very large and widespread family of Monocotyledoneae, with more than 10.000 species, most of which are herbaceous, but a few are woody. The stems are jointed, the long, narrow leaves originating at the nodes. The flowers are inconspicuous, with a much reduced perianth, and are wind-pollinated or cleistogamous. The fruit in single-seeded, usually a caryopsis. Grasses are the most important of all plants for food. + amino acid Organic compounds containing a carboxyl group (-COOH) and an amino group (-NH2). About 30 amino acids are known. They are fundamental constituents of living matter because protein molecules are made up of many amino acid molecules combined together. Amino acids are synthesized by green plants and some bacteria, but some (arginine, histidine, lysine. threonine, methionine, isoleucine, leucine, valine, phenylalanine, tryptophane) cannot be synthesized by animals and therefore are essential constituents of their diet. Proteins from specific plants may lack certain amino acids, so a vegetarian diet must include a wide range of plant products. + grass fire A conflagration in or destroying large areas of any vegetation in the Gramineae family as found in fields, meadows, savannas or other grasslands. + + grasshopper A plant-eating insect with long back legs that can jump very high and makes a sharp high noise using its back legs or wings. + grassland Grassland cover nearly one-fifth of the Earth's land surface. They include savannah, the prairies of North America, and the steppes of Russia and Central Asia. Grassland ecosystems support thousands of different species, above and below the ground, and have a vital part to play maintaining the ecological balance of the world. + + + grassland ecosystem The interacting system of the biological communities located in biomes characterized by the dominance of indigenous grasses, grasslike plants and forbs, and their non-living environmental surroundings. + + gravel A mixture of rock fragments and pebbles that is coarser than sand. + + gravel extraction Obtaining a mixture of coarse sand and small water- worn or pounded stones, (used for paths and roads and as an aggregate) from the earth. + + + gravel pit A place where gravel is dug out of the ground. + + + grazing The vegetation on pastures that is available for livestock to feed upon. + + + ammonia A colorless gaseous alkaline compound that is very soluble in water, has a characteristic pungent odour, is lighter than air, and is formed as a result of the decomposition of most nitrogenous organic material. + + + + @@ -17928,21 +33559,29 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. + + + green building The self-contained dwelling where man simulates the ways of ecosystems, i.e. his wastes are converted to fuel by anaerobic digestion for methane production and the residues from the digestion are used for growing food. The food residues are composted and/or used for methane production. Solar energy is trapped by the greenhouse effect and used for house, crop and water heating. A windmill would be used for electricity. Thus, given sufficient space, sunshine, rainfall and wind, the ecohouse is in theory a self-contained system recycling its own wastes and using the sun as its energy input. + green corridor Avenues along which wide-ranging animals can travel, plants can propagate, genetic interchange can occur, populations can move in response to environmental changes and natural disasters, and threatened species can be replenished from other areas. + + environmental tax An amount of money demanded by a government to finance clean-up, prevention, reduction, enforcement or educational efforts intended to promote ecological integrity and the conservation of natural resources. + + @@ -17959,11 +33598,14 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. greenhouse cultivation Cultivation of plants, especially of out-of-season plants, in glass-enclosed, climate-controlled structures. + greenhouse effect The warming of the Earth's atmosphere caused by the increasing concentration of atmospheric gases, such as water vapour and carbon dioxide. These gases absorb radiation emitted by the Earth, thus slowing down the loss of radiant energy from the Earth back to space. + + @@ -17972,6 +33614,9 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. greenhouse gas A collective expression for those components of the atmosphere that influence the greenhouse effect, namely carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxides, ozone, CFCs and water vapour. + + + @@ -17985,16 +33630,27 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. green manure Herbaceous plant material plowed into the soil while still green. + + + + green revolution The name given to the widespread development of high-yield strains of wheat, corn and rice during the 1960s and early 1970s. It was more formally known as the Indicative World Plan for Agricultural Development. The revolution came after the Food and Agricultural Organization held the World Food Congress in 1963. A "Freedom from Hunger" campaign was set up with the goal of increasing food supplies and solving the world's hunger problems. + + + green space A plot of vegetated land separating or surrounding areas of intensive residential or industrial use and devoted to recreation or park uses. + + + + @@ -18005,46 +33661,66 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. green vegetable A vegetable having the edible parts rich in chlorophyll and forming an important source of vitamins and micronutrients. + + grinding To reduce to powder or small fragments. + + + gross national product Gross domestic product adjusted for foreign transactions, i.e. to the figure for Gross Domestic Product must be added any income accruing to residents of the country arising from investment and other factor earnings abroad and from it must be deducted any income earned in the domestic market by factors owned by foreigners abroad. + ammonification Addition of ammonia or ammonia compounds, especially to the soil. + + + groundwater Water that occupies pores and crevices in rock and soil, below the surface and above a layer of impermeable material. It is free to move gravitationally, either downwards towards the impermeable layer or by following a gradient. + + groundwater extraction The process, deliberate or inadvertent, of extracting ground water from a source at a rate so in excess of the replenishment that the ground water level declines persistently, threatening exhaustion of the supply or at least a decline of pumping levels to uneconomic depths. + + + groundwater pollution Contamination of any water found under the earth's surface by any leaching pollutants, such as inorganic compounds (chlorides, nitrates, heavy metals, etc.), synthetic organic chemicals (pesticides, fertilizers, etc.) and pathogens (bacteria, parasites, etc.). + + groundwater protection Precautionary actions, procedures or installations undertaken to prevent or reduce harm to the environmental integrity of fresh water found beneath the earth's surface, usually in aquifers, which supply wells and springs. + + + group behaviour An observable pattern of activity displayed by persons in and as an aggregate. + @@ -18056,17 +33732,23 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. ammonium The radical NH4+. + accumulator A rechargeable device for storing electrical energy in the form of chemical energy, consisting of one or more separate secondary cells. + + gulf An inlet of the sea of large areal proportions, more indented than a bay and generally more enclosed. + + + @@ -18074,18 +33756,24 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. gymnosperm Any seed-bearing plant of the division Gymnospermae, in which the ovules are borne naked on the surface of the mega sporophylls, which are often arranged in cones. + gypsum A colourless or white mineral used in the building industry and in the manufacture of cement, rubber, paper and plaster of Paris. + + + habitat 1) The locality in which a plant or animal naturally grows or lives. It can be either the geographical area over which it extends, or the particular station in which a specimen is found. 2) A physical portion of the environment that is inhabited by an organism or population of organisms. A habitat is characterized by a relative uniformity of the physical environment and fairly close interaction of all the biological species involved. In terms of region, a habitat may comprise a desert, a tropical forest, a prairie field, the Arctic Tundra or the Arctic Ocean. + + @@ -18094,27 +33782,35 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. haematology The branch of medical science concerned with diseases of the blood. + + hail Precipitation in the form of balls or irregular lumps of ice, always produced by convective clouds, nearly always cumulonimbus. + half-life The time required for one-half the atoms of a given amount of radioactive material to undergo radioactive decay. + + + haloform A haloalkane, containing three halogen atoms, e.g. iodoform, CHI3; a haloform reaction is a reaction to produce haloforms from a ketone. For example, if propanone is treated with bleaching powder, the chlorinated ketone so formed reacts to form chloroform. + halogenated biphenyl Halogen derivatives of biphenyl. + @@ -18122,6 +33818,7 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. halogenated hydrocarbon One of a group of halogen derivatives of organic hydrogen and carbon containing compounds; the group includes monohalogen compounds (alkyl or aryl halides) and polyhalogen compounds that contain the same or different halogen atoms. + @@ -18132,12 +33829,15 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. halogenated phenol Halogen derivatives of phenol. + halogenated pollutant An organic compound bonded with one of the five halogen elements (astatine, bromine, chlorine, fluorine, and iodine). Several of these compounds contribute to reductions in the concentration of ozone in the stratosphere. + + @@ -18145,23 +33845,31 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. halogenated terphenyl + handicraft business The profession, commercial firm or trade involving the production and distribution of articles that are made through the skilled use of one's hands. + + + handicraft A particular skill performed with the hands. + harbour Area of water next to the coast, often surrounded by thick walls, where ships and boats can be sheltered. + + + @@ -18169,32 +33877,40 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. hardness Resistance of a solid to indentation, scratching, abrasion or cutting. + + hard-to-dispose-of waste Discarded material, often hazardous or in large volume, for which there is no obvious disposal route. + waste water pollution The impairment of the quality of some medium due to the introduction of spent or used water from a community or industry. + + harmonisation of law The process by which two or more states, sometimes under the auspices of an interstate or international organization, change their legislation relevant to some area of common concern to conform their statutes and to facilitate compliance and enforcement across borders. + harvest The amount or measure of the crop gathered in a season. + hazard A physical or chemical agent capable of causing harm to persons, property, animals, plants or other natural resources. + @@ -18208,6 +33924,9 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. hazard of pollutants Risk or danger to human health, property or the environment posed by the introduction of a harmful substances into the ecosystem. + + + @@ -18215,6 +33934,8 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. hazardous substance Any material that poses a threat to human health and/or the environment. Typical hazardous substances are toxic, corrosive, ignitable, explosive, or chemically reactive. + + @@ -18223,17 +33944,24 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. hazardous substances legislation A binding rule or body of rules prescribed by a government to regulate the production, use or clean-up of materials that pose a threat to human health and the environment, particularly materials that are toxic, corrosive, ignitable, explosive or chemically reactive. + + hazardous waste dump Disposal facilities where hazardous waste is placed in or on land. Properly designed and operated landfills are lined to prevent leakage and contain systems to collect potentially contaminated surface water run-off. + + hazardous waste Any waste or combination of wastes with the potential to damage human health, living organisms or the environment. Hazardous wastes usually require special handling and disposal procedures which are regulated by national and international laws. + + + @@ -18243,21 +33971,27 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. hazardous working material A poison, corrosive agent, flammable substance, explosive, radioactive chemical, or any other material which can endanger human health or well-being if handled improperly. + + haze Reduced visibility in the air as a result of condensed water vapour, dust, etc., in the atmosphere. + headland (farm) A strip of land left at the end of a furrow in a field in order to facilitate the turning of the plough. + + health A state of dynamic equilibrium between an organism and its environment in which all functions of mind and body are normal. + @@ -18268,6 +34002,7 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. health care + @@ -18283,6 +34018,7 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. health-environment relationship Relationship between the quality of the environment and the health conditions of individuals. + @@ -18296,6 +34032,7 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. amphibian A class of vertebrate animals characterized by a moist, glandular skin, gills at some stage of development, and no amnion during the embryonic stage. + @@ -18304,12 +34041,16 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. health facility A facility or location where medical, dental, surgical, or nursing attention or treatment is provided to humans or animals. + + + health hazard + @@ -18327,6 +34068,8 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. health legislation Laws, ordinances, or codes prescribing sanitary, clean air, etc., standards and regulations, designed to promote and preserve the health of the community and working conditions of businesses. + + @@ -18334,6 +34077,7 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. health protection + @@ -18344,23 +34088,34 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. health regulation A body of rules or orders prescribed by government or management to promote or protect the soundness of human bodies and minds in the workplace, at home or in the general environment. + + amusement park An open-air entertainment area consisting of stalls, side shows etc. + + + + health-related biotechnology Health-related biotechnologies are concerned with large-molecule protein pharmaceuticals, genetic engineering, etc. + + + health service The supply of health care to the public. + + @@ -18368,23 +34123,31 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. hearing impairment A decrease in strength or any abnormality or partial or complete loss of hearing or of the function of ear, or hearing system, due directly or secondarily to pathology or injury; it may be either temporary or permanent. + + hearing procedure Any prescribed course or mode of action governing the preliminary examination by a magistrate of basic evidence and charges to determine whether criminal proceedings, a trial or other judicial actions are justified. + hearing protection The total of measures and devices implemented to preserve persons from harm to the faculty of perceiving sound. + + + hearing (sense) The general perceptual behaviour and the specific responses made in relation to sound stimuli. + + @@ -18392,29 +34155,42 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. heat (physics) A form of energy that is transferred by a difference in temperature: it is equal to the total kinetic energy of the atoms or molecules of a system. + + heat and power station Power station which produces both electricity and hot water for the local population. A CHP (Combined Heat and Power Station) plant may operate on almost any fuel, including refuse. + + + + + heater An apparatus that heats or provides heat. + + heathland An area with poor acid soil, typically dominated by ling (Calluna) or heaths (Erica). + + heating A system for supplying heat, especially central heating, to a building. + + @@ -18424,6 +34200,9 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. heating plant Plant for producing and supplying heat. + + + @@ -18432,18 +34211,24 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. heat pump A device which transfers heat from a cooler reservoir to a hotter one, expending mechanical energy in the process, especially when the main purpose is to heat the hot reservoir rather than refrigerate the cold one. + + heat storage Keeping heat created during a period of low consumption until a peak period when it is needed. + + heat supply The provision of heating fuel, coal or other heating source materials, or the amount of heating capacity, for the use of a municipality, or other heat user. + + @@ -18453,6 +34238,9 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. anaerobic condition A mode of life carried on in the absence of molecular oxygen. + + + @@ -18460,16 +34248,25 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. heavy goods vehicle traffic Traffic of large motor vehicles designed to carry heavy loads. + + + heavy metal load The amount of stress put on an ecosystem by heavy metal pollution released into it. + + + + + heavy metal A metal whose specific gravity is approximately 5.0 or higher. + @@ -18484,11 +34281,16 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. hedge A line of closely planted bushes or shrubs, marking the boundaries of a field. The type of hedge varies between parts of the country, and its age can be dated from the number of species of tree and shrub present. Over the last thirty years hedge-row removal has had a marked visual effect on lowland agricultural landscapes. From the farmer's point of view, in areas of predominant arable or intensively managed grazing, there is little or no economic justification for retaining hedges. + + herbicide A chemical that controls or destroys undesirable plants. + + + @@ -18496,11 +34298,13 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. herbivore An animal that feeds on grass and other plants. + heterocyclic compound Compound in which the ring structure is a combination of more than one kind of atom. + @@ -18508,70 +34312,94 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. anaerobic process A process from which air or oxygen not in chemical combination is excluded. + + + higher education Study beyond secondary school at an institution that offers programs terminating in undergraduate and graduate degrees. + highland ecosystem The interacting systems of the biological communities and their non-living surroundings in regions of relatively high elevation, typically characterized by decreased air pressure and temperature, reduced oxygen availability and increased isolation. + + high mountain + + high protein food + high-rise building Any tall, multistoried structure or edifice that is equipped with elevators. + + high-speed railway The term "high-speed traffic" encompasses all trains running at speeds over 200 km/h but also trains running at 200 km/h if the terrain, population density or economic reasons do not justify higher speeds. + + high-speed train Trains travelling at maximum speeds of 300kmh on special high-speed rail lines. + high tide water The level of water when the tide is at its highest level. + + high voltage line An electric line with a voltage on the order of thousands of volts. + + + highway A public road especially an important road that joins cities or towns together. + + hill A natural elevation of the land surface, rising rather prominently above the surrounding land, usually of limited extent and having a well-defined outline, rounded rather than peaked or rugged, with no specific definition of absolute elevation. + + analysis Examination or determination. + @@ -18597,82 +34425,115 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. historical evolution The process by which small but cumulative changes in the learned, nonrandom, systematic behavior and knowledge of a people occur from generation to generation. + historical monument Monument built in memory of an historical event. + + historical research The study of events in relation to their development over time. + historical site Place where significant historical events occurred and which is important to an indigenous culture or a community. + + analysis programme + history A systematic written account comprising a chronological record of events (as affecting a city, state, nation, institution, science, or art) and usually including a philosophical explanation of the cause and origin of such events. + + holiday camp A place providing accommodation, recreational facilities, etc. for holiday-makers. + + + holiday 1) A period in which a break is taken from work or studies for rest, travel or recreation 2) A day on which work is suspended by law or custom, such as a religious festival, bank holiday, etc. + + analytical chemistry The branch of chemistry dealing with techniques which yield any type of information about chemical systems. + + horse A large animal with four legs which people ride on or use for carrying things or pulling vehicles. + + horticulture The art and science of growing plants. + hospital A place where people who are ill or injured are treated and taken care of by doctors and nurses. + + + + hospital waste Solid waste, both biological and non-biological, produced by hospitals and discarded and not intended for further use. + + hotel industry The industry related with the provision of lodging and usually meals and other services for travelers and other paying guests. + + + + hot water + + analytical equipment Equipment employed in analytical techniques. + + @@ -18680,6 +34541,7 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. household A group of persons sharing a home or living space, who aggregate and share their incomes, as evidenced by the fact that they regularly take meals together. + @@ -18688,15 +34550,21 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. household chemical + + household goods Goods needed for living in a household. + + analytical method + + @@ -18704,6 +34572,8 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.housing 1) Dwelling-houses collectively and the provision of these. 2) Shelter, lodging. + + @@ -18720,46 +34590,59 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. housing density The number of dwelling units or the residential population of a given geographic area. + + housing finance + housing improvement An addition, renovation or repair to a place of residence that increases its aesthetic, functional or financial value. + + housing legislation A binding rule or body of rules prescribed by a government to regulate the buying, selling, leasing, construction or maintenance of dwelling places. + housing need + housing programme A planned system of projects, services or activities intended to support individuals or families in need of shelter, including transitional or permanent housing and safe havens for low-income, elderly or homeless populations. + + housing quality standard A norm or measure applicable in legal cases and considered to reflect a relatively high grade or level of excellence in the construction, maintenance, operation, occupancy, use or appearance of dwelling units. + swans, geese and ducks A family of waterfowl, including ducks, gees, mergansers, pochards and swans, in the order Anseriformes. + installation restoration The process of repairing or reconstructing an edifice in order to return it to its original condition. + + @@ -18770,11 +34653,13 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. human biology The study of human life and character. + human disease An interruption, cessation or disorder of human bodily functions, systems or organs resulting from genetic or developmental errors, infection, nutritional deficiency, toxicity, illness or unfavorable environmental factors. + @@ -18804,16 +34689,22 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. human ecology The study of the growth, distribution, and organization of human communities relative to their interrelationships with other humans and other species and with their environment. + + + human exposure to pollutants + + human health The avoidance of disease and injury and the promotion of normalcy through efficient use of the environment, a properly functioning society, and an inner sense of well-being. + @@ -18823,6 +34714,7 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. human-made disaster Violent, sudden and destructive change in the environment caused by man. + @@ -18833,16 +34725,21 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. human pathology Branch of medicine concerned with the cause, origin, and nature of disease, including the changes occurring as a result of disease. + + human physiology A branch of biological sciences that studies the functions of organs and tissues in human beings. + + human population Group of individuals having common characteristics. + @@ -18855,6 +34752,8 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. anatomy The science concerned with the physical structure of animals and plants. + + @@ -18873,6 +34772,8 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. human rights The rights of individuals to liberty, justice, etc. + + @@ -18881,6 +34782,9 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. human settlement Cities, towns, villages, and other concentrations of human populations which inhabit a given segment or area of the environment. Human settlements are associated with numerous and complex environmental, pollution, and living condition problems for planning and management. + + + @@ -18897,6 +34801,7 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. human settlement management + @@ -18904,11 +34809,15 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. humus The more or less decomposed organic matter in the soil. Besides being the source of most of the mineral salts needed by plants, humus improves the texture of the soil and holds water, so reducing the loss of nutrients by leaching. + + hunting The pursuit and killing or capture of wild animals, regarded as a sport. + + @@ -18917,6 +34826,9 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. hunting reserve Area of land where the pursuit and killing or capture of game and wild animals is permitted. + + + @@ -18924,17 +34836,23 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. hurricane A tropical cyclone of great intensity; any wind reaching a speed of more than 73 miles per hour (117 kilometers per hour) is said to have hurricane force. + + hybridisation The act or process of producing hybrids that is an animal or plant resulting from a cross between genetically unlike individuals. Hybrids between different species are usually sterile. + hydraulic construction Any structure built to route the flow of water, or to support the weight and pressure of a body of water. + + + @@ -18946,6 +34864,8 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. hydraulic engineering A branch of civil engineering concerned with the design, erection, and construction of sewage disposal plants, waterworks, dams, water-operated power plants and such. + + @@ -18956,16 +34876,22 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. hydraulics The branch of science and technology concerned with the mechanics of fluids, especially liquids. + + hydrobiology Study of organisms living in water. + + + hydrocarbon A very large group of chemical compounds composed only of carbon and hydrogen. + @@ -18973,56 +34899,74 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. hydrochloric acid A solution of hydrogen chloride gas in water; a poisonous, pungent liquid forming a constant-boiling mixture at 20% concentration in water; widely used as a reagent, in organic synthesis, in acidizing oil wells, ore reduction, food processing, and metal cleaning and pickling. Also known as muriatic acid. + hydroculture Growing plants without soil but in sand or vermiculite or other granular material, using a liquid solution of nutrients to feed them. + hydroelectric power plant Power station which operates with the free renewable source of energy provided by falling water. + + + + hydrogen A flammable colourless gas that is the lightest and most abundant element in the universe. It occurs mainly in water and in most organic compounds and is used in the production of ammonia and other chemicals, in the hydrogenation of fats and oils, and in welding. + hydrogen sulphide Flammable, poisonous gas with characteristic odour of rotten eggs, perceptible in air in a dilution of 0.002 mg/l. It is used as a reagent in chemical analysis; extremely hazardous; collapse, coma and death from respiratory failure may come within a few seconds after one or two inspirations; low concentrations produce irritation of conjunctiva and mucous membranes. Headache, dizziness, nausea, lassitude may appear after exposure. + + hydrogeology The science dealing with the occurrence of surface and ground water, its utilization, and its functions in modifying the earth, primarily by erosion and deposition. + hydrography Science which deals with the measurement and description of the physical features of the oceans, lakes, rivers, and their adjoining coastal areas, with particular reference to their control and utilization. + + angiosperm The class of seed plants that includes all the flowering plants, characterized by the possession of flowers. The ovules, which become seeds after fertilization, are enclosed in ovaries. The xylem contains true vessels. The angiospermae are divided into two subclasses: Monocotyledoneae and Dycotiledoneae. + hydrologic disaster Violent, sudden and destructive change either in the quality of the earth's water or in the distribution or movement of water on land, below the surface or in the atmosphere. + + + hydrologic balance An accounting of the inflow to, outflow from, and storage in a hydrologic unit such as a drainage basin, aquifer, soil zone, lake or reservoir; the relationship between evaporation, precipitation, runoff, and the change in water storage. + + @@ -19032,6 +34976,8 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. hydrologic cycle The movement of water between the oceans, ground surface and atmosphere by evaporation, precipitation and the activity of living organisms, as one of the mayor biogeochemical cycles. Each day water evaporates from the oceans and is carried in the air from the sea over the land, which receives it as precipitation, and finally returns from the land to the sea through rivers, thus completing the cycle. + + @@ -19048,33 +34994,43 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. hydrology The science that treats the occurrence, circulation, distribution, and properties of the waters of the earth, and their reaction with the environment. + + hydrolysis 1) Decomposition or alteration of a chemical substance by water. 2) In aqueous solutions of electrolytes, the reactions of cations with water to produce a weak base or of anions to produce a weak acid. + angling The art or sport of catching fish with a rod and line and a baited hook or other lure, such as a fly. + + hydrometeorology That part of meteorology of direct concern to hydrologic problems, particularly to flood control, hydroelectric power, irrigation, and similar fields of engineering and water resource. + + water power Energy obtained from natural or artificial waterfalls, either directly by turning a water wheel or turbine, or indirectly by generating electricity in a dynamo driven by a turbine. + + hydrosphere The waters of the Earth, as distinguished from the rocks (lithosphere), living things (biosphere), and the air (atmosphere). Includes the waters of the ocean; rivers, lakes, and other bodies of surface water in liquid form on the continents; snow, ice, and glaciers; and liquid water, ice, and water vapour in both the unsaturated and saturated zones below the land surface. Included by some, but excluded by others, is water in the atmosphere , which includes water vapour, clouds, and all forms of precipitation while still in the atmosphere. + @@ -19086,6 +35042,7 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. hygiene The science that deals with the principles and practices of good health. + @@ -19093,12 +35050,16 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. hymenopteran Insects including bees, wasps, ants, and sawflies, having two pair of membranous wings and an ovipositor specialized for stinging, sawing or piercing. + ice The dense substance formed by the freezing of water to the solid state; it commonly occurs in the form of hexagonal crystals. + + + @@ -19106,11 +35067,17 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. iceberg A large mass of detached land ice floating in the sea or stranded in shallow water. + + + ice pack Large areas of floating ice, usually occurring in polar seas, consisting of separate pieces that have become massed together. + + + @@ -19118,37 +35085,47 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. identification of pollutants The determination of the specific substance or substances that are causing pollution. + + ideology A body of ideas that reflects the beliefs and interest of a nation, political system, etc. and underlies political action. + image processing The process of converting 'raw' remotely sensed data into a usable form through the application of various transformations such as supervised and unsupervised classification schemes. + IMCO code Codes published by Intergovernmental Maritime Consultative Organisation (IMCO) relating to international shipping, particularly regarding safety and marine pollution. + + + bastardisation of fauna One of the possible consequences of the introduction of animal species in an area where they are not indigenous. Such translocation of species always involves an element of risk if not of serious danger. Newly arrived species may be highly competitive with or otherwise adversely affect native species and communities. + bastardisation of flora One of the possible consequences of the introduction of plant species in an area where they are not indigenous. + immission The reception of material, such as pollutants, by the environment and from any source. + @@ -19159,46 +35136,72 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. immission control Legislative and administrative procedures aimed at reducing the damage caused by emissions. Pollution control programmes are normally based on human-oriented acceptable dose limits. A very important measure concerns the organisation of an emission inventory. + + + + + immission control law + + + + + immission damage Damage caused by pollution from a distinct source of emission. + + + + animal behaviour Behaviour of animals in their normal environment, including all the processes, both internal and external, by which they respond to changes in their environment. + immission forecast The prediction of immissions is calculated on the basis of the pollutant load, the source height, the wind speed and the dispersion coefficient. + + + + immission limit Maximum levels of selected pollutants which would lead to unacceptable air quality. + + + + immission load The total amount of immissions introduced in a given environment. + immune system A body system that helps an organism to resist disease, through the activities of specialised blood cells or antibodies produced by them in response to natural exposure or inoculation. + + @@ -19207,27 +35210,36 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. immunity The ability of an organism to resist disease or toxins by natural or artificial means. + immunoassay Any of several methods for the quantitative determination of chemical substances such as hormones, drugs, and certain proteins that utilize the highly specific binding between an antigen and an antibody. + + immunological disease The disruption of the complex system of interacting cells, cell products and cell-forming tissues that protects the body from pathogens, destroys infected and malignant cells and removes cellular debris. + immunology A branch of biological science concerned with the native or acquired resistance of higher animal forms and humans to infection with microorganisms. + + + impact assessment Evaluation of the effect of a project upon the environment. + + @@ -19238,6 +35250,8 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. impact minimisation Actions, procedures or installations undertaken to reduce the extent or degree of negative effects on human health and the ecosystem introduced by human design or interaction with the environment. + + @@ -19245,16 +35259,21 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. impactor Instrument which samples atmospheric suspensoids by impaction; such instruments consist of a housing which constrains the air flow past a sensitized sampling plate. + impact prevention Precautionary measures, actions or installations implemented to avert negative effects on the environment. + + impact source Elements of an action which cause damage to the surrounding environment. + + @@ -19265,22 +35284,29 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. implementation law + import The act of bringing goods and merchandise into a country from a foreign country. + + import licence Permission from a government to bring within its borders and sell a product manufactured in a foreign country. + animal disease + + + @@ -19289,37 +35315,50 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. impoverishment + impregnating agent A material used to fill holes in wood, plaster, or other surfaces before applying a coating such as paint or varnish. + + impregnation (materials) The forcing of a liquid substance into the spaces of a porous solid in order to change its properties, as the impregnation of wood with creosote to preserve its integrity against water damage. + improvement of efficiency The beneficial development or progress in the volume of output that is achieved in terms of productivity and input, or in getting the maximum possible output from given or allocated resources. + sudden load Sudden immission in considerable amount of one or more pollutants in the atmosphere, in a water body or in the soil. + + impulsive noise Noise characterized by transient short-duration disturbances distributed essentially uniformly over the useful passband of a transmission system. + incineration Controlled process by which solid, liquid, or gaseous combustible wastes are burned and changed into gases; residue produced contains little or no combustible material. + + + + + @@ -19331,6 +35370,10 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. incineration of waste The controlled burning of solid, liquid, or gaseous combustible wastes to produce gases and solid residues containing little or no combustible material in order to reduce the bulk of the original waste materials. + + + + @@ -19343,6 +35386,8 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. incinerator Device which burns waste. + + @@ -19350,16 +35395,22 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. slope The inclined surface of any part of the Earth's surface, as a hillslope; also, a broad part of a continent descending toward an ocean, as the Pacific slope. + + income The gain derived from capital, from labour or effort, or both combined, including profit or gain through sale or conversion of capital. + + incorporation + + @@ -19367,21 +35418,29 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. animal dung as fuel Excrement from animals that may be dried and burned to generate energy or converted to liquid or gaseous fuels, such as methane, through chemical processes. + + + indemnity Financial compensation, reimbursement or security for damages or loss offered by a government, insurance policy or contractual agreement under specified conditions and for specific casualties. + Indian Ocean A body of water between the continents of Africa, Antarctica, Asia and Australia including the Bay of Bengal in the east and the Arabian Sea (with the Red Sea, the Gulf of Aden and the Persian Gulf) in the west, and containing several islands and island chains, such as the Andaman, Nicobar and Seychelles. + indicator Something that provides an indication especially of trends. + + + @@ -19393,6 +35452,9 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. acid deposition A type of pollution which washes out of the atmosphere as dilute sulphuric and nitric acids. It tends to be a regional rather than a global phenomenon, linked to particular industrial activities and meteorological conditions. It includes rain, more than normally acidic snow, mist, sleet, fog, gas and dry particles. It upsets the balance of nature, disrupting ecosystems, and destroys forests and woodlands, plants and crops; kills aquatic life by altering the chemical balance of lakes and rivers and corrodes building materials and fabrics. The pollutants are caused principally by discharges from power station chimneys of sulphur dioxide and nitrogen oxides released by burning fossil fuels, coal and oil. + + + @@ -19400,46 +35462,66 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. animal ecology A study of the relationships of animals to their environment. + indicator of environmental management + + + + indicator of environmental quality Qualitative or quantitative parameter used as a measure of an environmental condition, e.g. of air or water quality. + indigenous forest Forests which are native to a given area. + + + indigenous technology Technologies employed by the native inhabitants of a country and which constitute an important part of its cultural heritage and should therefore be protected against exploitation by industrialized countries; the problem of indigenous knowledge has been discussed during the Rio Conference but it does not receive much protection under the Biodiversity Convention. Article 8 mandates that parties "respect, preserve and maintain knowledge, innovations and practices of indigenous and local communities embodying traditional life styles... and promote their wider application with the approval and involvement of holders of such knowledge, innovations and practices and encourage the equitable sharing of benefits arising from them". + + indirect discharger A non-domestic source introducing pollutants into a publicly owned waste-treatment system. Indirect dischargers can be commercial or industrial facilities whose wastes enter local sewers. + indoor air pollution Chemical, physical or biological contaminants in the air inside buildings and other enclosed spaces occupied by humans. This pollution can arise from tobacco smoke, pesticides, cleaning agents, gases released from building materials, rugs, household products, etc. + + + + animal experiment Investigation carried out in animals for research purposes. + indoor environment Environment situated in the inside of a house or other building. + + + @@ -19447,48 +35529,69 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. industrial area Areas allocated for industry within a town-planning scheme or environmental plan. The range of industries accommodated in a plan may include: light industry, service industry, general industry, hazardous, noxious or offensive industry, waterfront industry, extractive industry. Standards are usually defined for industrial areas relating to access and roads, drainage, car parking, aesthetics, landscaping, buffer zones, noise levels, and air and water pollution. + + + industrial association + + + industrial building A building directly used in manufacturing or technically productive enterprises. Industrial buildings are not generally or typically accessible to other than workers. Industrial buildings include buildings used directly in the production of power, the manufacture of products, the mining of raw materials, and the storage of textiles, petroleum products, wood and paper products, chemicals, plastics, and metals. + + industrial crop Any crop that provides materials for industrial processes and products such as soybeans, cotton (lint and seed), flax, and tobacco. + industrial development + + industrial dumping The disposal of any waste generated by a manufacturing or processing process by the agency or body which produced it. + + industrial economics The production, distribution, and consumption of goods and services resulting from all manufacturing business. + + industrial effluent Materials generally discarded from industrial operations or derived from manufacturing processes. + + animal foodstuff Any crops or other food substances for animal consumption. + + + + @@ -19497,6 +35600,8 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. industrial emission Gas-borne pollutants discharged into the atmosphere from smokestacks of industrial plants. + + @@ -19508,6 +35613,8 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. industrial environmental policy The guiding procedure, philosophy or course of action for the protection of natural resources from pollution generated by manufacturing or business enterprises. + + @@ -19517,6 +35624,7 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. industrial equipment Equipment related to industrial activities. + @@ -19539,11 +35647,15 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. industrial fume Any smokelike or vaporous exhalation from matters or substances, especially of an odorous or harmful nature, which result from trading, commercial or manufacturing processes. + + industrial installation A device, system or piece of equipment installed for a particular industry. + + @@ -19556,40 +35668,56 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. industrialisation The process whereby manufacturing industry comes to occupy the predominant position in a national or regional economy. + + industrial legislation A binding rule or body of rules prescribed by a government to regulate working conditions or the acquisition, processing and disposal of materials by the aggregate of factories, companies and enterprises in one or more manufacturing or technically productive fields. + + + industrial material + + animal genetics The scientific study of the hereditary material of animals for theoretical and practical applications such as increased population, conservation and disease research. + + industrial medicine The branch of medicine which deals with the relationship of humans to their occupations, for the purpose of the prevention of disease and injury and the promotion of optimal health, productivity, and social adjustment. + + + industrial noise Noise produced by industrial plants activities. + + industrial planning The process of making arrangements or preparations to facilitate the manufacturing, producing and processing of goods or merchandise. + + @@ -19597,6 +35725,8 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. industrial plant (building) Buildings where the operations related to industrial productive processes are carried out. + + @@ -19621,6 +35751,7 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. industrial policy Course of action adopted by national government to support and promote industrial activities. + @@ -19636,11 +35767,14 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. industrial pollution Pollution as a result of industrial processes and manufacturing. + + industrial process + @@ -19719,14 +35853,21 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. industrial production Any process of converting or transforming raw materials and other resources into goods or services which have value. + + industrial production statistics + + + industrial product + + @@ -19763,11 +35904,16 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. industrial property right A justifiable claim granted by government or some other authority that offers protection or excludes others from making, using or selling an invention, a unique design of an article of manufacture or some other creation or discovery. + + industrial site The location for the individual manufacturing firm. + + + @@ -19781,16 +35927,25 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. industrial sludge Sludge produced as a result of industrial production processes or manufacturing. + + + industrial society A large-scale community with diverse manufacturing sectors and an infrastructure and economy based on the science, technology and instrumental rationality of the modern West. + + + industrial waste Waste materials discarded from industrial operations, or derived from manufacturing processes; may be solid, sludge (wet solids) or liquid wastes and may or may not be considered hazardous. + + + @@ -19798,12 +35953,18 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. industrial waste gas Waste gases resulting from manufacturing and other industrial processes which may be treated and released, treated and reused or released without treatment. + + + industrial waste water Waste water that results from industrial processes and manufacturing. It may either be disposed of separately or become part of the sanitary or combined sewage. + + + @@ -19811,11 +35972,17 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. industrial zoning A system of land use planning that forms zones or boundaries to be used only by manufacturing or business enterprises. + + + + industry An industry is a group of establishments engaged in the same or similar kinds of economic activities. Industries produce commodities that are sold with the expectation of recovering the total cost of production. A single industry can produce many different commodities. + + @@ -19865,31 +36032,43 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. animal housing Any kind of shelter, refuge affording protection to animals. + + + inertisation The process of waste inertisation includes solidification and stabilisation; stabilisation is the process used for reduction of hazard potential of the waste by converting the contaminants into their least soluble, least immobile, or least toxic form. Solidification physically binds or encapsulates the waste in a monolithic solid of high structural integrity. Thus solidification may be used for powders, liquids or gases. + + inert waste Wastes that do not undergo any significant physical, chemical, or biological transformations when deposited in a landfill. + infant mortality The rate of deaths occurring in the first year of life for a given population. + + infection The entry and development or multiplication of an infectious agent in the body of a living organism. + + + infectious disease Pathogenic condition resulting from invasion of an host by a pathogen that propagates causing infection. + @@ -19897,11 +36076,16 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. infestation of crops Invasion of crop by parasites. Among vertebrate animals, many crop pests are mammals, especially in the order of rodents and birds. Among invertebrates, certain species of gastropods and a large number of roundworms from the class of nematodes harm crops. The most varied and numerous species of crop pests are arthropods-insects, arachnids and some species of millipedes and crustaceans. Diseases vary from viral, bacterial, and nutritional to fungal, environmental and non-specific. The FAO has estimated that annual worldwide losses done by plant pests and diseases amount to approximately 20-25% of the potential worldwide yield of food crops. + + + animal husbandry A branch of agriculture concerned with the breeding and feeding of domestic animals. + + @@ -19916,17 +36100,25 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. infestation of food Food that has been contaminated and deteriorated by some kind of pest. + + + infiltration Movement of water through the soil surface into the ground. + + inflammable substance Substance liable to catch fire. + + + @@ -19934,15 +36126,20 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.inflow 1) Water other than wastewater that enters a sewer system (including sewer service connections) from sources such as, but not limited to, roof leaders, cellars drains, yard drains, area drains, drains from springs and swampy areas, manhole covers, cross connections between storm sewers and sanitary sewers, catch basins, cooling towers, storm waters, surface runoff, street wash waters, or drainage. Inflow does not include, and is distinguished from, infiltration. 2) Action of flowing in; an inflow of effluent into a river. + + informal negotiation + informatics Science and technique of data elaboration and of automatic treatment of information. + + @@ -19956,6 +36153,8 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. information All facts, ideas or imaginative works of the mind which have been communicated, published or distributed formally or informally in any format, or the knowledge that is communicated or received. + + @@ -19978,6 +36177,7 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. information processing A systematic series of actions performed by a person or computer on data elements including classifying, sorting, calculating, summarizing, transmitting, retrieving and receiving. + @@ -19985,17 +36185,20 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. information service An organized system of providing assistance or aid to individuals who are seeking information, such as by using databases and other information sources to communicate or supply knowledge or factual data. + information source Generally, any resource initiating and substantiating the reception of knowledge or specifically, the origin of a data transmission. + information system Any coordinated assemblage of persons, devices and institutions used for communicating or exchanging knowledge or data, such as by simple verbal communication, or by completely computerized methods of storing, searching and retrieving information. + @@ -20009,6 +36212,8 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. information technology The systems, equipment, components and software required to ensure the retrieval, processing and storage of information in all centres of human activity (home, office, factory, etc.), the application of which generally requires the use of electronics or similar technology. + + @@ -20016,28 +36221,37 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. infraction A breach, violation, or infringement; as of a law, a contract, a right or duty. + infrared radiation Electron magnetic radiation whose wavelengths lie in the range from 0.75 or 0.8 micrometer to 1000 micrometers. + animal manure Animal excreta collected from stables and barnyards with or without litter; used to enrich the soil. + + + + infrasound Vibrations of the air at frequencies too low to be perceived as sound by the human ear, below about 15 hertz. + infrastructure The basic network or foundation of capital facilities or community investments which are necessary to support economic and community activities. + + @@ -20057,32 +36271,42 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. inhabitant A person occupying a region, town, house, country, etc. + + injury A stress upon an organism that disrupts the structure or function and results in a pathological process. + + ink A dispersion of a pigment or a solution of a dye in a carrier vehicle, yielding a fluid, paste, or powder to be applied to and dried on a substrate; writing, marking, drawing, and printing inks are applied by several methods to paper, metal, plastic, wood, glass, fabric, or other substrate. + inland fishery Fishing grounds located in lakes, streams, etc. + inland navigation The navigation of inland waterways, i.e. navigable rivers, canals, sounds, lakes, inlets, etc. + + inland water A lake, river, or other body of water wholly within the boundaries of a state. + + @@ -20090,28 +36314,41 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. inland waterways transport Transportation of persons and goods by boats travelling on rivers, channels or lakes. + + + animal noise Noise caused by animals such as dogs kept in kennels or in private homes as pets. + + innovation Something newly introduced, such as a new method or device. + + inorganic chemistry A branch of chemistry dealing with the chemical reactions and properties of all inorganic matter. + + inorganic fertiliser Inorganic chemical which promotes plant growth by enhancing the supply of essential nutrients such as ammonium sulphate or lime. + + + + @@ -20125,17 +36362,23 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. inorganic pollutant A pollutant of mineral origin and not of basically carbon structure. + + animal nutrition Ingestion, digestion and/or assimilation of food by animals. + + + inorganic substance Chemical compounds that do not contain carbon as the principal element (excepting carbonates, cyanides, and cyanates), that is, matter other than plant or animal. + @@ -20158,6 +36401,9 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. insecticide Any chemical agent used to destroy invertebrate pests. + + + @@ -20165,11 +36411,13 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. insectivore Any placental mammal of the order Insectivora, being typically small, with simple teeth, and feeding on invertebrates. The group includes shrews, moles, and hedgehogs. + insect A class of the Arthropoda typically having a segmented body with an external, chitinous covering, a pair of compound eyes, a pair of antennae, three pairs of mouthparts, and two pairs of wings. + @@ -20186,42 +36434,54 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. in situ In the natural or normal place. + + inspection An official examination and evaluation of the extent to which specified goals, objectives, standards, policies or procedures of an agency, organization, department or unit have been met properly. + inspection of records + + inspection service An organization designated to look into, supervise and report upon, the staff members and workings of some institution or department, or the conforming to laws and regulations by a segment of society or other group. + + installation requiring approval The official authorization needed to assemble and place into position any apparatus, facility, military post or machinery. + institutionalisation The establishment and normalization of a law, custom, usage, practice, system or regulative principle in the activity or purpose of a group or organization. + instrument manufacture + animal physiology Study of the normal processes and metabolic functions of animal organisms. + + @@ -20230,11 +36490,17 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. sound insulation material Material used to reduce the transmission of sound to or from a body, device, room, etc. + + + insurance The act, system, or business of providing financial protection contingencies, such as death, loss or damage and involving payment of regular premiums in return for a policy guaranteeing such protection. + + + @@ -20244,56 +36510,79 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. insurance business A commercial service which provides a guarantee against most losses or harm to a person, property or a firm in return for premiums paid. + + + insurance coverage The protection provided against risks or a risk, often as specified by the type of protection or the item being protected. + + + integral natural reserve Areas allocated to preserve and protect certain animals and plants, or both. They differ from national parks, which are largely a place for public recreation, because they are provided exclusively to protect species for their own sake. Endangered species are increasingly being kept in nature reserves to prevent them from extinction. Nature reserves also serve as a place for more plentiful species to rest, breed or winter. + + integrated environmental protection technology Technologies that meet environmental objectives by incorporating pollution prevention concepts in their design. Integrated environmental control strategies introduced in the early design stages of a process, rather than an end-of-pipe control option introduced in the later stages, improve the technical and economic performance of a process. + + integrated pest control A systematic, comprehensive approach to pest control that uses the insect's or rodent's own biology and behaviour to find the least toxic control methods at the lowest cost. + integrated pollution control A procedure whereby all major emissions to land, air, and water are considered simultaneously and not in isolation to avoid situations in which one control measure for one medium adversely affects another. + + + + intensive animal husbandry Specialized system of breeding animals where the livestock are kept indoors and fed on concentrated foodstuffs, with frequent use of drugs to control diseases which are a constant threat under these conditions. + intensive farming Farming in which as much use is made of the land as possible by growing crops close together or by growing several crops in a year or by using large amounts of fertilizers. + interaction of pesticides The enhancement of activity of pesticides when they are used in combination with others. + + + + interchange of electronic data A transference of binary coded information items between two or more computers across any communications channel capable of carrying electromagnetic signals. + acidification Addition of an acid to a solution until the pH falls below 7. + @@ -20301,29 +36590,37 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. interdisciplinary research The utilisation, combination and coordination of two or more appropriate disciplines, technologies and humanities in an integrated approach toward environmental problems. + interest A sum paid or charged for the use of money or for borrowing money over a given time period. + interest group A group of people who share common traits, attitudes, beliefs or objectives and who have formed a formal organization to serve specific concerns of the membership. + interim decision + interlaboratory comparison Tests performed at the same time in different laboratories to validate the quality of the results. + + animal production + + @@ -20331,24 +36628,32 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. intermediate goods Partly finished goods or products that re-enter into production elsewhere. + + + intermittent noise Noise occurring at regular or irregular intervals. + internal European market + + internalisation of environmental costs + international agreement Cooperation in international efforts to support global environmental goals. Solutions to environmental problems such as trans-boundary airborne and waterborne pollution, ozone depletion and climate change require action by all responsible countries. + @@ -20356,10 +36661,13 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. international competitiveness The ability of firms to strive with rivals in the production and sale of commodities in worldwide markets. + animal product + + @@ -20369,6 +36677,7 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. international convention Treaties and other agreements of a contractual character between different countries or organizations of states creating legal rights and obligations between the parties. + @@ -20376,37 +36685,47 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. international co-operation The collaboration between governments, businesses or individuals in which it is agreed to work together on similar objectives or strategies, particularly in research or in setting industrial standards. + International Court of Justice Judicial arm of the United Nations. It has jurisdiction to give advisory opinions on matters of law and treaty construction when requested by the General Assembly, Security Council or any other international agency authorised by the General Assembly to petition for such opinion. It has jurisdiction, also, to settle legal disputes between nations when voluntarily submitted to it. + international distribution The worldwide allocating of resources or dispersing of goods. + international division of labour + + international environmental relations The political or diplomatic interaction or dealings between independent nations that pertain to ecological concerns. + international harmonisation Harmonisation of the interrelationship of sovereign states by the application of general principles recognized by civilized nations. + animal protection Precautionary actions or procedures taken to prevent or reduce the harm to sentient, non-human species, posed, in most cases, by humans. + + + @@ -20414,6 +36733,7 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. international law The system of law regulating the interrelationship of sovereign states and their rights and duties with regard to one another. + @@ -20422,11 +36742,15 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. internationally important ecosystem Ecosystems whose importance is recognised at international level and which are, in some cases, protected by international conventions. + + + international organisation An association of independent states, whose representatives gather for the promotion of common interests including defense and trade. + @@ -20439,12 +36763,14 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. international politics The use of methods, strategy, intrigue, decision making and power by governments and their representatives to achieve goals in policy making or governmental affairs in a worldwide or international arena. + international relations The political or diplomatic interaction or dealings between independent nations. + @@ -20460,6 +36786,8 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. international river basin Land area drained by a river and its tributaries whose waters are situated in and utilized by two or more countries. + + @@ -20468,45 +36796,58 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. international safety Freedom from danger or the quality of averting risk of harm to persons, property or the environment shared across one or more national boundaries; consequently, the combined efforts of more than one nation to achieve or preserve that state. + + international standardisation The process of establishing or conforming something to a norm or measure that is recognized beyond the boundaries of a single country or nation. + international trade The flow of commodities and goods between nations. + + international watercourse Portions of a geographical area which constitutes a hydrogeological unit as the catchment area for a single river which are under the jurisdiction of two or more countries. + animal resource + + interpretation method Method employed in the assessment of the meaning and significance of data, results, facts, etc. + intertidal zone 1) The area between land and sea which is regularly exposed to the air by the tidal movement of the sea. Marine organisms that inhabit the intertidal zones have to adapt to periods of exposure to air and to the waves created by wind, which makes it the most physically demanding of the marine habitats. 2) The shore zone between the highest and lowest tides. + + intervention in nature and landscape Stepping in or participating in problem solving efforts for troublesome or perplexing situations involving the natural world or scenery. + + @@ -20514,6 +36855,8 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. inventory A detailed list of articles, goods, property, etc. + + @@ -20522,12 +36865,15 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. inventory of forest damage Survey of a forest area to determine forest depletion. The aim of the inventory is to give an overview of the forest conditions. Especially should the inventory aim to detect any changes in the forest conditions, but it should also provide the distribution of the forest damages and find out any relation with site and stand conditions. + + inversion A reversal in the usual direction of a process, as in the change of density of water at 4° C. + @@ -20535,12 +36881,15 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. inversion layer The atmosphere layer through which an inversion occurs. + + invertebrate Any animal lacking a backbone, including all species not classified as vertebrates. + @@ -20553,32 +36902,47 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. investment Any item of value purchased for profitable return, as income, interest or capital appreciation. + animal for slaughter Animals bred and killed for the production of food. + + + in vitro assay Assay taking place in an artificial environment. + + + in vivo assay Experiments that are carried out in the living organism. + + + iodine A nonmetallic halogen element; the poisonous, corrosive dark plates or granules are readily sublimed; insoluble in water, soluble in common solvents; used as germicide and antiseptic, in dyes, tinctures, and pharmaceuticals, in engraving lithography, and as a catalyst and analytical reagent. + ion exchange The process in which ions are exchanged between a solution and an insoluble solid, usually a resin. + + + + @@ -20586,17 +36950,25 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. ion exchanger A permanent insoluble material (usually a synthetic resin) which contains ions that will exchange reversibly with other ions in a surrounding solution. Both cation and anion exchangers are used in water conditioning. The volume of an ion exchanger is measured in cubic liters of exchanger after the exchanger bed has been backwashed and drained, and has settled into place. + + + + animal shelter A protection providing housing for animals in bad weather. + + + ionising radiation Radiation that is capable of energizing atoms sufficiently to remove electrons from them. In this state atoms become more reactive, so that ionizing radiation increases chemical activity and in this way produces biological effects, including effects that involve alterations induced in DNA. X-rays and gamma-rays are the only electromagnetic waves that cause ionization in biological material. + @@ -20608,11 +36980,14 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. ionosphere A region of the earth's atmosphere, extending from about 60 to 1000 kilometers above the earth's surface, in which there is a high concentration of free electrons formed as a result of ionizing radiation entering the atmosphere from space. + + ion An electrically charged atom or group of atoms formed by the loss or gain of one or more electrons. + @@ -20620,12 +36995,14 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. iron A malleable ductile silvery-white ferromagnetic metallic element occurring principally in haematite and magnetite. It is widely used for structural and engineering purposes. + animal Any living organism characterized by voluntary movement, the possession of cells with noncellulose cell walls and specialized sense organs enabling rapid response to stimuli, and the ingestion of complex organic substances such as plants and other animals. + @@ -20641,21 +37018,30 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. iron industry A sector of the economy in which an aggregate of commercial enterprises is engaged in the extraction and refinement of iron ore to produce cast iron, wrought iron and steel. + + ironwork industry Industry for the production of iron articles. + + irradiation To subject to or treat with light or other electromagnetic radiation or with beams of particles. + + + irrigation 1) To supply land with water so that crops and plants will grow or grow stronger. + + @@ -20663,11 +37049,16 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. irrigation canal A permanent irrigation conduit constructed to convey water from the source of supply to one or more farms. + + + irrigation farming Farming based on the artificial distribution and application of water to arable land to initiate and maintain plant growth. + + @@ -20675,23 +37066,32 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. animal textile fibre A filament or threadlike strand derived from animals that manufacturers use to produce clothes or other goods that require weaving, knitting or felting, which include silk, wool, mohair and other forms of animal hair. + island A land mass, especially one smaller than a continent, entirely surrounded by water. + + island ecosystem Unique but fragile and vulnerable ecosystems due to the fact that the evolution of their flora and fauna has taken place in relative isolation. Many remote islands have some of the most unique flora in the world; some have species of plants and animals that are not found anywhere else, which have evolved in a specialized way, sheltered from the fierce competition that species face on mainland. + + insulation (process) The process of preventing or reducing the transmission of electricity, heat, or sound to or from a body, device, or region by surrounding it with a nonconducting material. + + + + @@ -20700,11 +37100,14 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.isomer 1) Two or more compounds having the same molecular formula, but a different arrangement of atoms within the molecule. 2) One of two or more chemical substances having the same elementary percentage composition and molecular weight but differing in structure, and therefore in properties; there are many ways in which such structural differences occur. + animal trade The process or act of exchanging, buying or selling animals, especially livestock. + + @@ -20713,17 +37116,23 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. isotope One or two or more atoms with the same atomic number that contain different numbers of neutrons. + ivory The fine-grained creamy-white dentine forming the tusks of elephants, and the teeth or tusks of certain other large animals such as the walrus; it has long been esteemed for a wide variety of ornamental articles. + animal waste Discarded material from industries directly associated with the raising of animals, such as those wastes produced by livestock farming (manure, milk, etc.), meat production and animal testing (animal bodies, animal parts, feathers, etc.) and fur breeding (fur, blood, etc.). + + + + @@ -20736,20 +37145,24 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. joint debtor Persons united in a joint liability or indebtedness. Two or more persons jointly liable for the same debt. + joint implementation (Rio Conference) + judicial assistance A program sponsored or administered by a government to guide through and represent in court proceedings persons who are in financial need and cannot afford private counsel. + judicial body Any public organization or branch of government responsible for the administration of justice or the enforcement of laws. + @@ -20758,56 +37171,71 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. judiciary rule Specific norms, regulations and precedents governing the conduct, procedure and arrangement of a judicial system, its various divisions and its officers. + anion An ion that is negatively charged. + jurisdiction The power of a court to hear and decide a case or make a certain order. + jurisprudence The science or philosophy of law. + + karst 1) A German rendering of a Serbo-Croat term referring to the terrain created by limestone solution and characterized by a virtual absence of surface drainage, a series of surface hollows, depressions and fissures, collapse structures, and an extensive subterranean drainage network. 2) A type of topography that is formed on limestone, gypsum, and other rocks by dissolution, and that is characterized by sinkholes, caves, and underground drainage. Etymology: German, from the Yugoslavian territory Krs; type locality, a limestone plateau in the Dinaric Alps of northwestern Yugoslavia and northeastern Italy. + stocking To keep a supply accumulated for future use. + + kerosene A thin oil distilled from petroleum or shale oil, used as a fuel for heating and cooking, in lamps, and as a denaturant for alcohol. + + annelid Any worms of the phylum Anellida, in which the body is divided into segments both internally and externally. The group includes the earthworms, lugworm, ragworm, and leeches. + labelling Attaching a notice to a product or container bearing information concerning its contents, proper use, manufacturer and any cautions or hazards of use. + + laboratory A room or building with scientific equipment for doing scientific tests or for teaching science, or a place where chemicals or medicines are produced. + + @@ -20815,6 +37243,7 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. laboratory experiment Tests or investigations carried out in a laboratory. + @@ -20822,11 +37251,14 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. laboratory research Research carried out in a laboratory for testing chemical substances, growing tissues in cultures, or performing microbiological, biochemical, hematological, microscopical, immunological, parasitological tests, etc. + + laboratory technique + @@ -20842,12 +37274,16 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. laboratory waste Discarded materials produced by analytical and research activities in a laboratory. + + labour One of the factors of production. It includes all the exertions - manual, physical or mental - by individuals, directed towards the production of wealth. + + @@ -20859,16 +37295,23 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. antagonism The situation in which two chemicals upon interaction interfere in such a way that the action of one partially or completely inhibits the effects of the other. + + + labour law The branch of the legal system which lays down the rules governing employment relationships, trade union relations, and state intervention to provide protection against particular situations of need for citizens who are workers. + + labour market + + @@ -20877,6 +37320,8 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. labour relations The dynamics or general state of the association between management and non-management employees in an enterprise, industry or nation, with special attention to the maintenance of agreements, collective bargaining and the status of unions. + + @@ -20884,11 +37329,15 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. lacquer A material which contains a substantial quantity of a cellulose derivative, most commonly nitrocellulose but sometimes a cellulose ester, such as cellulose acetate or cellulose butyrate, or a cellulose ether such as ethyl cellulose; used to give a glossy finish, especially on brass and other bright metals. + lagoon A body of water cut off from the open sea by coral reefs or sand bars. + + + @@ -20897,6 +37346,8 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.lake basin 1) The depression in the Earth's surface occupied or formerly occupied by a lake and containing its shore features. 2) The area from which a lake receives drainage. + + @@ -20905,23 +37356,31 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. lake pollution The direct or indirect human alteration of the biological, physical, chemical or radiological integrity of lake water, or a lake ecosystem. + + lake An enclosed body of water, usually but not necessarily fresh water, from which the sea is excluded. + + lamp A device that produces light, such as an electric lamp. + + land A specified geographical tract of the Earth's surface including all its attributes, comprising its geology, superficial deposits, topography, hydrology, soils, flora and fauna, together with the results of past and present human activity, to the extent that these attributes exert a significant influence on the present and future land utilization. + + @@ -20942,45 +37401,62 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. antagonistic effect of toxic substances + + land access The permission or freedom to use, enter, approach or pass to and from a tract of land, which often consists of real estate property. + land allotment Procedure by which big land properties are divided in parcels of smaller size. + + + + + land and property register The system of registering certain legal estates or interests in land. It describes the land and any additional rights incidental to it, such as rights of way over adjoining land. + + land carrying capacity The maximum extent to which ground or soil area may be exploited without degradation or depletion. + land clearing Removal of trees, undergrowth, etc. in preparation for ploughing, building, etc. + + + Antarctica A continent lying chiefly within the Antarctic Circle and asymmetrically centered on the South Pole: it consists of an ice-covered plateau (some 95 percent of Antarctica is covered by an icecap averaging 1,6 km in thickness), 1800-3000 m above sea level, and mountains ranges rising to 4500 m with some volcanic peaks; average temperatures all below freezing and human settlement is confined to research station. + land conservation The care, preservation and re-use of solid areas of the earth's surface, especially soil regions valued as a natural resource or utilized as an agricultural resource. + + @@ -20988,11 +37464,17 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. land consolidation Joining small plots of land together to form larger farms or large fields. + + + land cover Land cover is the physical state of the land surface. It is the combination of vegetation, soil, rock, water and human-made structures, which make up the earth's landscape. The land cover is the interface between the earth's crust and the atmosphere, influencing the exchange of energy and matter in the climatic system and biogeochemical cycles. + + + @@ -21000,17 +37482,27 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. land development Planning of infrastructures, services and industrial settlements in order to promote the socio-economic growth of certain land area. + + + + land ecology Study of the relationship between terrestrial organisms and their environment. + + + + landfill The oldest method of waste disposal for the solid matter discarded in the domestic dustbin, along with the packaging material and paper from high street shops and offices. Landfill sites are usually disused quarries and gravel pits. When they were filled, previous practice was to cover them up with soil and forget about them. Housing estates have been built, often with disastrous consequences, on old landfill dumps. Waste burial has now become a serious technology and a potential source of energy. Landfill sites can be designed to be bioreactors, which deliberately produce methane, gas as a source of biofuel or alternative energy. Traditionally, waste tips remained exposed to air and aerobic microbes - those which thrive in air - in order to turn some of the waste into compost. However, open tips also encourage vermin, smell in hot weather and disfigure the landscape. In the 1960s, as a tidier and safer option, landfill operators began to seal each day's waste in a clay cell. While excluding vermin, the clay also excluded air. Decomposition relied on anaerobic microbes, which die in air. However, the process produced methane (natural gas), which was a safety hazard. The methane is now extracted by sinking a network of perforated pipes into the site. + + @@ -21026,31 +37518,48 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. landfill covering The protective shielding, consisting of soil or some other material, that encloses disposal sites for compacted, non-hazardous solid waste, or secures disposal sites for hazardous waste to minimize the chance of releasing hazardous substances into the environment. + + landfill degasification Landfill gas is highly dangerous as methane is highly explosive; therefore it must be controlled at all operational landfill sites, whether by active or passive ventilation or both especially in the case of deep sites. There exist venting systems for shallow and deep sites respectively. + + + + landfill gas Landfill gas is generated in landfill sites by the anaerobic decomposition of domestic refuse (municipal solid waste). It consists of a mixture of gases and is colourless with an offensive odour due to the traces of organosulphur compounds. Aside for its unpleasantness, it is highly dangerous as methane is explosive in concentrations in air between 5 per cent, the Lower Explosive Limit (LEL), and the Upper Explosive Limit (UEL) of 15 per cent. Landfill gas must be controlled at all operational landfill sites, whether actively or passively vented or both especially in the case of deep sites. + + + landfill leachate Liquid that has seeped through solid waste in a landfill and has extracted soluble dissolved or suspended materials in the process. + + + + land forming + + landform Any physical, recognizable form or feature of the Earth's surface, having a characteristic shape and produced by natural causes; it includes major forms such as plane, plateau and mountain, and minor forms such as hill, valley, slope, esker, and dune. Taken together the landforms make up the surface configuration of the Earth's. + + @@ -21068,21 +37577,29 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. Antarctic ecosystem + + land mammal + land occupation The use, settlement or possession of solid areas of the earth's surface. + + + land planning The activity of designing, organizing or preparing for the future use of solid areas of the earth's surface, especially regions valued for natural resources, utilized as agricultural resources or considered for human settlement. + + @@ -21095,33 +37612,48 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. land pollution The presence of one or more contaminants upon or within an area of land, or its constituents. + + + Antarctic Ocean The waters, including ice shelves, that surround the continent of Antarctica, which comprise the southernmost parts of the Pacific, Atlantic and Indian oceans, and also the Ross, Amundsen, Bellingshausen and Weddell seas. + land reclamation Making land capable of more intensive use by changing its general character, as by drainage of excessively wet land; irrigation of arid or semiarid land; or recovery of submerged land from seas, lakes and rivers. + + land register A register or survey of land, containing information on the surface of properties, tenants' names, commencing with the earliest owners through successive ownership and partitions, and such like. + + + + land restoration The treatment of any unusable land usually by filling with refuse or levelling until the land can be brought into productive use. + + + + landscape The traits, patterns, and structure of a specific geographic area, including its biological composition, its physical environment, and its anthropogenic or social patterns. An area where interacting ecosystems are grouped and repeated in similar form. + @@ -21134,16 +37666,20 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. landscape after mining The process of mining disfigures the surface of the land, and in the absence of reclamation leads to permanent scars. The process spoils the vital topsoil, disrupts drainage patterns, destroys the productive capacity of agricultural and forest land and impairs their aesthetic and social value. + + Antarctic region An area within the Antarctic Circle that includes the fifth largest continent and its surrounding waters, consisting mostly of thick ice shelves. + landscape alteration Landscapes might change through time as a result of human activities or natural processes such as fires or natural disasters. Changes in landscape structure can be documented by using data from aerial photographs or satellite images, and new technologies, such as remote sensing and geographic information systems. + @@ -21151,65 +37687,99 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. landscape architecture The creation, development, and decorative planting of gardens, grounds, parks, and other outdoor spaces. Landscape gardening is used to enhance nature helping to create a natural setting for individual residences and buildings, and even towns, particularly where special approaches and central settings are required. + landscape component In visual assessment work, landscapes can be divided into four major elements. a) Form is the perceived mass or shape of an object that appears unified, and which provides a consciousness of its distinction and relation of a whole to the component parts. b) Line is the real or imagined path, border, boundary, or intersection of two planes, such as a silhouette, that the eye follows when perceiving abrupt differences in form, colour or texture. c) Colour is a visual perception that enables the eye to differenciate otherwise identical objects based on the wavelengths of reflected light. d) Texture is the visual feel of a landscape. + landscape conservation The safeguarding, for public enjoyment, of landscape and of opportunities for outdoor recreation, tourism and similar activities; the concept includes the preservation and enhancement not only of what has been inherited but the provision of new amenities and facilities. + + landscape conservation policy + + landscape ecology The study of landscapes taking account of the ecology of their biological populations. The subjects thus embraces geomorphology and ecology and is applied to the design and architecture of landscapes. + + + landscape management Measures aiming at preserving landscape or controlling its transformations caused by anthropic activities or natural events. + + landscape planning The aspect of the land use planning process that deals with physical, biological, aesthetic, cultural, and historical values and with the relationships and planning between these values, land uses, and the environment. + + landscape protection Elaboration and implementation of strategies and measures for the conservation, preservation, suitable use, and renewal of natural resources and nature or man-made components of landscape, in particular wildlife and natural systems of various standing. + + landscape protection area Area where landscape is protected for its particular features in order to maintain its role in contributing to the wider enjoyment of the countryside. + + landscape consumption Using parts of landscape in a way that heavily modifies its features. + + + + + + + landscape utilisation Using landscape or parts of it for tourism, sports, or agriculture. + + + + + + land setup The formulation of regional objectives, plans and programmes and the harmonization of the regional effects of sectorial planning. + + + + @@ -21229,11 +37799,16 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. landslide Mass-movement landforms and processes involving the downslope transport, under gravitationary influence of soil and rock material en masse. + + + land transportation Transport of persons and goods by a network of roads or railways. + + @@ -21241,6 +37816,13 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. land use The term land use deals with the spatial aspects of all human activities on the land and with the way in which the land surface is adapted, or could be adapted, to serve human needs. + + + + + + + @@ -21250,6 +37832,9 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. anthropic activity Action resulting from or influenced by human activity or intervention. + + + @@ -21260,81 +37845,113 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. land use classification The arrangement of land units into a variety of categories based on the properties of the land or its suitability for a particular purpose. It has become an important tool in rural land-resource planning. + + + + + land use planning The interdisciplinary process of evaluating, organising, and controlling the present and the future development and use of lands and their resources in terms of their suitability on sustained yield basis. Includes an overall ecological evaluation in terms of specific kinds of uses as well as evaluations of social, economic, and physical contexts to the land concerned. + + + + soil use regime Type of management and utilization of the soil. + + + + land value The monetary or material worth in commerce or trade of an area of ground considered as property. + + large combustion plant Any sizable building which relies on machinery that converts energy released from the rapid burning of a fuel-air mixture into mechanical energy. + + + laser Acronym for Light Amplification by Stimulated Emission of Radiation; a device that produces a powerful, highly directional, monochromatic, coherent beam of light. Laser consist of a transparent cylinder with a reflecting surface at one end and a partially reflecting surface at the other. Light waves are reflected back and forth, some of them emerging at the partially reflecting end. The light source may be a ruby, whose chromium atoms are excited by a flash lamp so that they emit pulses of highly coherent light, or a mixture of inert gases that produce a continuos beam, or a cube of treated gallium arsenide which emits infrared radiation when an electric current passes through it. + acidity The state of being acid that is of being capable of transferring a hydrogen ion in solution. + anthropogenic factor + laundering The act of washing and ironing clothes, linen, etc. + + + law (individual) One of the rules making up the body of law. + law amendment An alteration of or addition to any statute with legal force that, if approved by the appropriate legislative authority, supersedes the original statute. + anthropologic reserve Area of protection of the life style of societies where traditional human activities are still maintained and the exploitation of natural resources is still carried out without compromising the future availability. + + law enforcement Any variety of activities associated with promoting compliance and obedience to the binding rules of a state, especially the prevention, investigation, apprehension or detention of individuals suspected or convicted of violating those rules. + neighbourhood law A binding rule or body of rules prescribed by a government to protect human health and the environment, manage growth and development or enhance the quality of life in small geographical and social areas within cities where residents share values and concerns and interact with one another on a daily basis. + law (science) Complex of rules fixed by law or custom which regulate social relations. + + @@ -21342,94 +37959,126 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.1) The process of separating a liquid from a solid (as in waste liquid by percolation into the surrounding soil. 2) Extraction of soluble components of a solid mixture by percolating a solvent through it. 3) To lose or cause to lose soluble substances by the action of a percolating liquid. + + + + + lead A heavy toxic bluish-white metallic element that is highly malleable; occurs principally as galena and is used in alloys, accumulators, cable sheaths, paints, and as a radiation shield. + lead compound Lead compounds are present as gasoline additives, in paint, ceramic products, roofing, caulking, electrical applications, tubes, or containers. Lead exposure may be due to air, water, food, or soil. Lead in the air is primarily due to lead-based fuels and the combustion of solid waste, coal, oils, and emissions from alkyl lead manufacturers, wind blown dust volcanoes, the burning of lead-painted surfaces, and cigarette smoke. Lead in drinking water comes from leaching from lead pipes, connectors, and solder in both the distribution system and household plumbing. + lead contamination The presence and release into the air, water and soil, of lead, a toxic metal used in plumbing, gasoline and lead-acid batteries. + lead-in-petrol law A binding rule or body of rules prescribed by a government to reduce or eliminate the lead content in petroleum fuels used in vehicular and other engines that pollute the air with lead-carrying exhaust. + + + lead level in blood A measure of the amount of lead or lead salts absorbed by the body as a possible sign of acute or chronic lead poisoning, which can affect the nervous, digestive or muscular systems. + + + antibiotic A chemical substance, produced by microorganisms and synthetically, that has the capacity to inhibit the growth of, and even to destroy, bacteria and other microorganisms. + + + + leaf The main organ of photosynthesis and transpiration in higher plants, usually consisting of a flat green blade attached to the stem directly or by a stalk. + leakage The accidental, uncontrolled discharge or seepage of liquids, gases and other substances to unintended and unwanted locations, frequently causing risks of damage or harm to persons, property or the environment. + leather The dressed or tanned hide of an animal, usually with the hair removed. + + leather industry Industry for the production of leather goods such as garments, bags, etc. + + legal basis The fundamental law or judicial precedent that warrants or supports a subsequent decision or action by any governmental, corporate or private entity. + antibody A complex protein that is produced in response to the introduction of a specific antigen into an animal. Antibodies belong to a class of proteins called immunoglobins, which are formed by plasma cells in the blood as a defence mechanism against invasion by parasites, notably bacteria and viruses, either by killing them or rendering them harmless. + + legally protected right A justifiable claim to have or obtain something or to act in a certain way, which is supported by law and is covered or shielded from the danger of being revoked or repealed. + legal regulation Any order or rule issued by a government stipulating its procedures for the creation, execution or adjudication of laws. + legal remedy The means by which a right is enforced or the violation of a right is prevented, redressed, or compensated. + legal text The exact wording or language of a law or other document in conformity with the law or having the authority of law. + legislation The act or process of making laws. + @@ -21443,11 +38092,14 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. anticipation of danger The act of foreseeing, expecting and taking measures against possible future exposure to harm, death or a thing that causes these. + legislation on pollution Rules concerning the limits of pollutant emissions. + + @@ -21457,31 +38109,43 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. water resources legislation A binding rule or body of rules prescribed by a government to manage and protect an area's natural water supply and waterways. + + + legislative authority The power of a deliberative assembly of persons or delegates to bring a bill, resolution or special act to an official, legally binding status. + + legislative competence The skill, knowledge, qualification, capacity or authority to make, give or enact rules with binding force upon a population or jurisdiction. + + legislative information Knowledge or a service providing knowledge concerning actual and proposed laws, including approval status, the history and content of deliberative proceedings and the specific language of those laws. + legislature The department, assembly, or body of persons that makes statutory laws for a state or nation. + + leisure activity Sports and recreational activities carried out in the time free from work or other duties. + + @@ -21497,40 +38161,51 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. leisure time Time free from work or other duties; spare time. + + + lepidopteran A large order of scaly-winged insects, including the butterflies, skippers, and moths; adults are characterized by two pairs of membranous wings and sucking mouthparts, featuring a prominent, coiled proboscis. + antifouling agent Agent that inhibits the growth of barnacles and other marine organisms on a ship's bottom (an antifouling paint or other coating). Organo-tin compounds have been the most often used agents in this application since they are effective against both soft and hard fouling organisms. However, in spite of their performance, they have a negative impact on the marine environment and their long half life in the environment, has prompted marine paint manufacturers to look for a nonpersistent alternative. + + leukaemia A progressive, malignant disease of the blood forming organs; a distorted proliferation and development of leukocytes and their precursors in the blood and bone marrow. + levy A ratable portion of the produce of the property and labor of the individual citizens, taken by the nation, in the exercise of its sovereign rights, for the support of government, for the administration of the laws, and as the means for continuing in operation the various legitimate functions of the state. + lexicon The vocabulary of a particular sphere of activity, region, social class or individual, or the total set of morphemes or meaningful units of a language and its words. + + liability Subjection to a legal obligation. Liability is civil or criminal according to whether it is enforced by the civil or criminal courts. + @@ -21542,27 +38217,38 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. liability for marine accidents Subjection to a legal obligation, such as financial recompense or ecological reparations, for any harm or damage inflicted on persons, property or the environment in the course of commercial or recreational activity in, on or near a sea. + + liability for nuclear damages Subjection to a legal obligation, such as financial recompense or ecological reparations, for any harm or damage inflicted on persons, property or the environment during the production, use or transport of radioactive materials used as an energy source or in weaponry. + + liability legislation A law or body of laws enacted that pertains to or establishes an obligation, debt or responsibility for loss, penalty, evil, expense or burden. + library Place where books and other literary materials are kept. + + + + + licencing Any process of granting and certifying legal or administrative permission to a person or organization to pursue some occupation or to perform some activity or business. + @@ -21570,21 +38256,25 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. licencing procedure Procedures performed by administrative agencies in conjunction with issuance of various types of licences. + licencing obligation Obligation to obtain a permit to pursue an occupation or to carry on some business. + lichen Composite organisms formed by the symbiosis between species of fungi and an algae. They are either crusty patches or bushy growths on tree trunks, stone walls, roofs or garden paths. Because they have no actual roots they get their sustenance from the atmosphere and rainwater. Lichens play an important role in the detection and monitoring of pollution, especially sulphur dioxide, as they are highly sensitive to pollution and different species disappear if pollution reaches specific levels. + acidity degree The amount of acid present in a solution, often expressed in terms of pH. + @@ -21593,12 +38283,15 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. life cycle The phases, changes, or stages through which an organism passes throughout its lifetime. + life science A science based on living organisms collectively. + + @@ -21612,6 +38305,7 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. lifestyle The particular attitudes, habits or behaviour associated with an individual or group. + @@ -21619,87 +38313,122 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. light Electromagnetic radiation that is capable of causing a visual sensation. + lighting The supply of illumination in streets or dwellings. + + + separator of light liquids A mechanical device for separating and removing residues from fuel and lubricating oil from waste water coming from filling stations and industrial plants in order to avoid pollution of water bodies; this system is based on the different specific weights of water and fuel residues that float on the water and can be easily removed. + + lignite Coal of relatively recent origin consisting of accumulated layers of partially decomposed vegetation, intermediate between peat and bituminous coal; often contains patterns from the wood from which it formed. + + + lignite mining Extraction of brown coal from natural deposits; lignite is a brownish-black solid fuel in the second stage in the development of coal. It has a little over half the heating value of bituminous or anthracite coal. + + + lime Any of various mineral and industrial forms of calcium oxide differing chiefly in water content and percentage of constituent such as silica, alumina and iron. + + + + limestone A sedimentary rock consisting chiefly of calcium carbonate, primarily in the form of the mineral calcite and with or without magnesium carbonate. Limestones are formed by either organic or inorganic processes, and may be detrital, chemical, oolitic, earthy, crystalline, or recrystallized; many are highly fossiliferous and clearly represent ancient shell banks or coral reefs. + + limit value A workplace exposure criterion or standard that determines if a facility or building has a concentration of a substance to which most workers can be exposed without harmful or adverse effects. + + antipollution incentive Financial reward or penalty used to incite action towards greater responsibility in reducing the presence of pollution or substances in the environment deemed harmful to human health or natural resources. + + limnology The study of bodies of fresh water with reference to their plant and animal life, physical properties, geographical features, etc. + + linear source of sound Point noise sources placed one after the other one as, for instance, in a row of cars moving on a road. + liner material A layer of synthetic or natural materials, on the sides of or beneath a landfill, landfill cell or surface impoundment, that restricts the downward or lateral escape of liquids carrying leachate into the surrounding environment. + + + line source Line source means a one-dimensional source. An example of a line source is the particular emissions from a dirt road. + + lipid One of a class of compounds which contain long-chain aliphatic hydrocarbons and their derivatives, such as fatty acids, alcohols, amines, amino alcohols, and aldehydes; includes waxes, fats, and derived compounds. + + lipophilic substance Substances having an affinity for lipids. + liquefied gas A gaseous compound or mixture converted to the liquid phase by cooling or compression; examples are liquefied petroleum gas (LPG), liquefied natural gas (LNG), liquid oxygen, and liquid ammonia. + + @@ -21708,47 +38437,60 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. liquid manure Any fertilizer substance with a moisture content of over ninety percent, usually consisting of animal excrement with water added. + + + liquid state A state of matter intermediate between that of crystalline substances and gases in which a substance has the capacity to flow under extremely small shear stresses and conforms to the shape of a confining vessel, but is relatively incompressible, lacks the capacity to expand without limit, and can posses a free surface. + liquid waste Fluid wastes, consisting of sewage and domestic wastewater, or processed water, or other liquids, produced by industrial activity, particularly by such industries as pulp and paper production, food processing, and the manufacture of chemicals. + literature Written material such as poetry, novels, essays, especially works of imagination characterized by excellence of style and expression and by themes of general or enduring interest. + + literature data bank A fund of information on a particular subject or group of related subjects, divided into discrete documents and usually stored in and used with a computer system. + literature evaluation The action of evaluating or judging the quality or character of written materials such as poetry, essays, novels, biographies and historical writings. + + literature study The identification, description, analysis and classification of books and other materials used or consulted in the preparation of a work. + + lithosphere The solid portion of the Earth, as compared with the atmosphere and the hydrosphere. + @@ -21757,22 +38499,30 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. litter Straw, hay or similar material used as bedding by animals. + littoral The intertidal zone of the seashore. + + AOX value Organic halogens subject to absorption. This is a measure of the amount of chlorine (and other halogens) combined with organic compounds. + + + livestock Cattle, horses, and similar animals kept for domestic use especially on a farm. + + @@ -21781,12 +38531,14 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. livestock breeding The raising of livestock by crossing different varieties to obtain new varieties with desired characteristics. + livestock farming Breeding of cattle, horses and similar animals. + @@ -21794,25 +38546,33 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. living condition An element or characteristic of a habitation considered in light of its ability to sustain and promote the health and general well-being of occupants. + living marine resource + + living space Any room, structure or area used as a residence and associated with subsistence activities, including sleeping, relaxing or eating. + + lizard Any reptile of the suborder Lacertilia, especially those of the family Lacertidae, typically having an elongated body, four limbs, and a small tail: includes the gechos, iguanas, chameleons, monitors, and slow worms. + load bearing capacity The maximum load that a system can support before failing. + + @@ -21820,92 +38580,126 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. local authority The power of a government agency or its administrators to administer and implement laws and government policies for a city, town or small district. + apartment block An apartment building in which each apartment is individually wholly owned and the common areas are jointly owned. + + local finance The theory and practice of all public money matters pertaining to city, town or small district governments. + local government policy Any course of action adopted and pursued by a ruling political authority or system, which determines the affairs for a city, town, county or regional area. + teleheating The supply of heat, either in the form of steam or hot water, from a central source to a group of buildings. + + local building material + local passenger service Passenger transport system for a limited local area. + + + + local traffic Traffic moving within a city, town, or area and subject to frequent stops, as distinguished from long distance traffic. + + + location of industries The particular place that seems apt for the installation of a new plant; the choice of the site depends on a number of economic and environmental factors. + + + locomotive A self -propelled engine driven by steam, electricity or diesel power and used for drawing trains along railway tracks. + apiculture Large-scale commercial beekeeping. + + long-distance traffic Traffic moving over extended areas, great distances and usually not subject to frequent stops. + + + long-distance transport The conveyance of materials or commodities over land, water or through air in which a great distance is covered. + + long-term effect Effects which will last long after the cause has ceased. + + + long-term effect of pollutants + + long-term experiment 1) Experiment lasting for a relatively long period of time. 2) Experiment whose results become effective after a long period of time. + long-term forecasting The act or process of predicting and calculating the likely conditions or occurrences for an extended and future point in time, often involving the study and analysis of pertinent data. + long-term trend The prevailing tendency or general direction expected for some observed value over a lengthy and extended period of time, often determined by studying and analyzing statistical data. + @@ -21913,53 +38707,72 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. lorry A large motor vehicle designed to carry heavy loads, especially one with a flat platform. + loss The result of a business operation where overhead costs are greater than the receipts or income. + loss of biotope Destruction of biotopes produced by environmental degradation which in turn is caused by air- or water-borne pollution. + + loudness The magnitude of the physiological sensation produced by a sound, which varies directly with the physical intensity of sound but also depends on frequency of sound and waveform. + low-cost housing Residences built at minimal expense and designed to keep the rental rate or price of purchase affordable for persons with limited means, usually determined by an annual income level set below the local median. + + + appeal Resort to a superior court to review the decision of an inferior court or administrative agency. + Lower House The body of a bicameral legislature composed of representatives elected by the general populace and organized into electorates or districts, each comprising an equal number of citizens. + lower risk species (IUCN) Animals, birds, fish, plants or other living organisms that have been deemed as not being in danger of extinction. + + low flow Phase of lowest level of a water course. + + low-level flight Flying at low altitude. + + + + + @@ -21967,48 +38780,58 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. appeal procedure Procedure through which it is possible to resort to a superior court to review the decision of an inferior court. + low-level technology Any relatively unsophisticated technical equipment or method with an amplitude or functionality below what is available in a similar or comparable system. + lubricant A substance used to reduce friction between parts or objects in relative motion. + luminosity The functional relationship between stellar magnitude and the number and distribution of stars of each magnitude interval. Also known as relative luminosity factor. + applied ecology The application of ecological principles to the solution of human problems. + lye The alkaline solution that is obtained from the leaching of wood ashes. + lymphatic system A system of vessels and nodes conveying lymph in the vertebrate body, beginning with capillaries in tissue spaces and eventually forming the thoracic ducts which empty in the subclavian veins. + + lysimetry The measurement of the water percolating through soils and the determination of the materials dissolved by the water. + applied nutrition Putting to use general principles of the science of human nourishment to address or solve specific problems. + @@ -22016,21 +38839,26 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. machine manufacture The making or production of mechanical apparatuses used for commercial or industrial purposes, such as engines and turbines, elevators and conveying equipment, computers and office equipment, and hoists, cranes and industrial trucks. + + macroeconomic goal An aim or objective pertaining to the production, distribution and use of income, wealth and commodities in a country, region or other large area, typically concerned with governmental fiscal and monetary policy as it affects employment, consumption, investment and growth levels. + macroeconomics Modern economic analysis that is concerned with data inaggregate as opposed to individual form such as national income, consumption and investment. + applied science Science whose results are employed in technical applications. + @@ -22043,25 +38871,31 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. magnetic tape A plastic, paper, or metal tape that is coated or impregnated with magnetizable iron oxide particles, used in magnetic recording. + magnetism A class of physical phenomena associated with moving electricity, including the mutual mechanical forces among magnets and electric currents. + mailing list A series of addresses or e-mail addresses to which solicited or unsolicited mass mailings can be sent. + maintenance of environment + + major accident An unexpected occurrence, failure or loss beyond normal or specified levels with the potential for harming human life, property or the environment. + @@ -22069,17 +38903,21 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. malaria A group of human febrile diseases with a chronic relapsing course caused by hemosporidian blood parasites of the genus Plasmodium, transmitted by the bite of Anopheles mosquito. + malformation Permanent structural change that may adversely affect survival, development or function. + + malnutrition Defective nutrition due to inadequate intake of nutrients or to their faulty digestion, assimilation or metabolism. + @@ -22087,11 +38925,14 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.appropriate technology 1) A flexible and participatory approach to developing economically viable, regionally applicable and sustainable technology. 2) Technology designed to be used in developing countries. Typical requirements are that it should: be easy to use by the unskilled; have no difficult-to-get parts; be easily repaired on the spot. Typical example: a simple windmill to pump water rather than a diesel-driven pump. The terms `alternative', `intermediate' and `appropriate' are often used interchangeably. + + mammal Any animal of the Mammalia, a large class of warm-blooded vertebrates having mammary glands in the female, a thoracic diaphragm, and a four-chambered heart. The class includes the whales, carnivores, rodents, bats, primates, etc. + @@ -22106,11 +38947,14 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. man (society) A member of the human race. + + management Government, control, superintendence, physical or manual handling or guidance; act of managing by direction or regulation, or administration, as management of family, or of household, etc. + @@ -22126,11 +38970,14 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. management contract A legal agreement between two or more parties of employers and workers that outlines the administrative or supervisory work that is expected in exchange for certain payments and working conditions. + management of natural resources Planned use of natural resources, in particular of non-renewable resources, in accordance with principles that assure their optimum long-term economic and social benefits. + + @@ -22139,31 +38986,38 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. management plan A program of action designed to reach a given set of objectives. + mandate A command or authorization to act in a particular way given by an administrator to a subordinate, a court to a lower court or an electorate to its representative. + mangrove Plant communities and trees that inhabit tidal swamps, muddy silt, and sand banks at the mouths of rivers and other low-lying areas which are regularly inundated by the sea, but which are protected from strong waves and currents. Mangroves are the only woody species that will grow where the land is periodically flooded with sea water; individual species have adapted themselves to different tidal levels, to various degrees of salinity, and to the nature of the mud or soil. Mangrove swamps and thickets support hundreds of terrestrial, marine, and amphibian species; have a special role in supporting estuarine fisheries; provide shelter, refuge and food for many forms of wildlife. + mangrove swamp A wet, spongy area of land in tropical climates and along coastal regions that is dominated by mangrove trees and shrubs, particularly red mangroves (Rhizophora), black mangroves (Avicennia) and white mangroves (Laguncularia). + approval of installations Authorization or permission for setting up or making adjustments to a building or to a mechanical or electrical system or apparatus. + man-made climate change Man-made climate changes may be due to the greenhouse effect and other human activities. A change in albedo of the land brought about by desertification and deforestation affects the amount of solar energy absorbed at the earth's surface. Man-made aerosols produced from the sulphur released from power stations can modify clouds. Changes in ozone levels in the stratosphere due to CFCs may influence climate. + + @@ -22172,6 +39026,8 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. man-nature relationship + + @@ -22184,23 +39040,34 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.manpower 1) The power generated by a man working. 2) The number of people available for work, service, etc. + + manufacturing activity Activities connected with the processing of raw material into a finished product, especially by means of a large-scale industrial operation. + + manufacturing trade The process or act of exchanging, buying or selling any manufactured product, or the raw materials for any manufacturing process. + + + manure Animal excreta collected from stables and barnyards with or without litter; used to enrich the soil. + + + + @@ -22210,6 +39077,8 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. manure production + + @@ -22219,6 +39088,9 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.aquaculture 1) The cultivation and harvest of freshwater or marine animals and plants, in ponds, tanks, cages or on protected beds. This is usually done in inland waters, estuaries or coastal waters. It is estimated that commercial fish farming accounts for more than 10% of the world's fish needs. Fish farming usually concentrates on molluscs, including oysters, mussels and clams, because they are usually immobile and fetch high prices. Shrimps and salmon are also farmed, but the stock have to be caught in the wild first, so that they can be brought up to commercial standards in pens. Aquaculture in not new. In Asia freshwater fish have been farmed for some 4.000 years, usually on small farms. 2) The use of artificial means to increase the production of aquatic organisms in fresh or salt water. + + + @@ -22230,6 +39102,8 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. map A representation, normally on a flat medium, that displays the physical and political features of a surface area of the earth, showing them in their respective forms, sizes and relationships according to some convention of representation. + + @@ -22239,49 +39113,74 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. mapping The process of making a map of an area; especially the field work necessary for the production of a map. + + mapping of lichens Maps of lichens distribution indicating air quality. Fruticose lichens (with branched structures well above the surface) are more susceptible to SO2 damage than foliose lichens (whose leaflike thallus lies nearly flat on surface) and both in turn are more susceptible than crustose lichens (which embed their tissue in the cracks of bark, soil, or rocks). The use of morphological lichen types as indicators of air pollution concentrations is well developed. + + + + marble Metamorphic rock composed of recrystallized calcite or dolomite. + + + marginal land Low quality land the value of whose production barely covers its cultivation costs. + + + mariculture Cultivation of marine organisms in their natural habitats, usually for commercial purposes. + + marina A small port that is used for pleasure rather than trade, often with hotels, restaurants and bars. + + + + marine biology A branch of biology that deals with those living organisms which inhabit the sea. + + + marine conservation area Any section of a sea or ocean designated for special protection, often to prevent or reduce harm to its wildlife and ecosystems. + + aquatic animal Animal having a water habitat. + + @@ -22290,11 +39189,16 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. marine ecology An integrative science that studies the basic structural and functional relationships within and among living populations and their physical-chemical environments in marine ecosystems. Marine ecology focuses on specific organisms as well as on particular environments or physical settings. + + + marine ecosystem Any marine environment, from pond to ocean, in which plants and animals interact with the chemical and physical features of the environment. + + @@ -22302,21 +39206,27 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. marine engineering The design, construction, installation, operation, and maintenance of main power plants, as well as the associated auxiliary machinery and equipment, for the propulsion of ships. + + marine environment Marine environments include estuaries, coastal marine and nearshore zones, and open-ocean-deep-sea regions. + marine fauna Animals which live in the sea. + + marine fishery The harvest of animals and plants from the ocean to provide food and recreation for people, food for animals, and a variety of organic materials for industry. + @@ -22327,21 +39237,29 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. marine geology That aspect of the study of the ocean that deals specifically with the ocean floor and the ocean-continent border, including submarine relief features, the geochemistry and petrology of the sediments and rocks of the ocean bottom and the influence of seawater and waves on the ocean bottom and its materials. + aquatic ecology The study of the relationships among aquatic living organisms and between those organisms and their environment. + marine monitoring The assessment of marine pollution by an integrated chemical, ecological and toxicological survey. + + + + marine organism Organisms which live in sea water. + + @@ -22349,6 +39267,8 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. marine pollution Any detrimental alteration of the marine environment caused by the intentional or accidental release of dangerous or toxic substances, such as industrial, commercial and urban waste water. + + @@ -22356,20 +39276,28 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. marine reserve Sea area where marine wildlife is protected. + + + marine resources conservation + + marine sediment Solid fragmental material, originated from weathering of rocks, that has settled down from a state of suspension in the water. + aquatic ecosystem Any watery environment, from small to large, from pond to ocean, in which plants and animals interact with the chemical and physical features of the environment. + + @@ -22381,35 +39309,50 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. maritime law That system of law which particularly relates to marine commerce and navigation, to business transacted at sea or relating to navigation, to ships and shipping, to seamen, to the transportation of persons and property by sea, and to marine affairs generally. + + maritime navigation Travelling on the sea by means of boats, ships, etc. + + maritime transport Transportation of goods or persons by means of ships travelling on the sea. + + + marker 1) Small amount of an easily detected substance that can be used to follow and quantify the flow of materials or movement of organisms not otherwise visible or detectable by ordinary means. 2) An isotope of an element, a small amount of which may be incorporated into a sample of material in order to follow the course of that element through a chemical, biological, or physical process, and thus also follow the larger sample. The tracer may be radioactive, in which case observations are made by measuring the radioactivity. + + + tracer A minute quantity of radioactive isotope used in medicine or biology to study the chemical changes within living tissues. + + + market Place of commercial activity in which articles are bought and sold. Also purchase and sale. In a limited sense market is the range of bid and asked prices reported by brokers making the market in over-the-counter securities. Also the demand for any particular article. + + @@ -22420,32 +39363,39 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. market economy A mixed economy that relies heavily on markets to answer the three basic questions of allocation, but with a modest amount of government involvement. While it is commonly termed capitalism, market-oriented economy is much more descriptive of how the economy is structured. + market form The organizational form or structure of the trade or traffic of a particular commodity. + marketing A related group of business activities whose purpose is to satisfy the demands for goods and services of consumers, businesses and government. The marketing process includes estimating the demand, producing the product, pricing the product to satisfy profit criteria, and promoting and distributing the product. + market research The systematic gathering, recording, computing, and analysing of data about problems relating to the sale and distribution of goods and services for certain time periods. + marsupial Type of Australian mammal with a pouch in which the young are carried. Marsupials give birth to young at a much earlier stage of development than other mammals so that the young need to be protected in the mother's pouch for some months until they become able to look after themselves. + mass media The means of communication that reach large numbers of people, such as television, newspapers, magazines and radio. + + @@ -22454,17 +39404,21 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. aquatic mammal + mass recreation A pastime, diversion, exercise or other means of enjoyment and relaxation that is shared with or performed by a large number of people. + + separation The separation of one substance from another when they are intimately mixed. For example the removal of oil from water, or gas from oil or oil from gas, etc. + @@ -22478,11 +39432,16 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. mass transport (physics) The movement of matter in a medium. + + + + material The substance of which a product is made or composed. + @@ -22491,6 +39450,8 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. balance of matter A calculation to inventory material inputs versus outputs in a process system. + + @@ -22498,12 +39459,15 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. material life cycle All the stages involved in the manufacturing, distribution and retail, use and re-use and maintenance, recycling and waste management of materials. + materials science The study of the nature, behaviour, and use of materials applied to science and technology. + + @@ -22512,22 +39476,28 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. testing of materials The complex of tests performed in order to ascertain the characteristics and behaviour of materials; they are classified in physical and chemical tests, mechanical tests and technological tests. + + mathematical analysis The branch of mathematics most explicitly concerned with the limit process or the concept of convergence; includes the theories of differentiation, integration and measure, infinite series, and analytic functions. + mathematical method + acid rain Rain having a pH less than 5.6. The acidity results from chemical reactions occurring when water, sulphur dioxide, and nitrogen oxides, generally released by industrial processes, are chemically transformed into sulphuric and nitric acids. + + @@ -22535,11 +39505,19 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. aquatic micro-organism Microorganisms having a water habitat. + maximum admissible concentration The maximum exposure to a physical or chemical agent allowed in an 8-hour work day to prevent disease or injury. + + + + + + + @@ -22547,6 +39525,13 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. maximum immission concentration The maximum concentration of air polluting substances in the free environment whose impact when of specified duration and frequency is not objectionable to man, fauna and flora. + + + + + + + @@ -22554,6 +39539,8 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. aquatic organism Organisms which live in water. + + @@ -22565,17 +39552,22 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. meadow Strictly a term for a field of permanent grass used for hay, but also applied to rich, waterside grazing areas that are not suitable for arable cultivation. + + + transportation mean Vehicles used for transferring people or goods from one place to another. + measuring The ability of the analytical method or protocol to quantify as well as identify the presence of the substance in question. + @@ -22588,27 +39580,35 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. measuring method + measuring programme + meat The edible flesh of animals, especially that of mammals as opposed to that of fish or a nut. + + + mechanical engineering The branch of engineering concerned with the design, construction, and operation of machines. + medical science The science and art of treating and healing. + + @@ -22629,23 +39629,30 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. discarded medicinal drug + medicinal plant Plants having therapeutic properties. + + aquatic plant Plants adapted for a partially or completely submerged life. + + medicine (practice) The science and art of treating and healing. + + @@ -22658,26 +39665,35 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. Mediterranean Area The collective islands and countries of the inland sea between Europe, Africa and Asia that is linked to the Atlantic Ocean at its western end by the Strait of Gibraltar and includes the Tyrrhenian, Adriatic, Aegean and Ionian seas. + Mediterranean wood A plant formation found in the Mediterranean area comprising mainly lowgrowing, xerophilous evergreen trees and shrubs. It results mainly from the deterioration of the original vegetation by grazing and burning. + + + melting A change of the state of a substance from the solid phase to the liquid phase. Also known as fusion. + + membrane A thin tissue that encloses or lines biological cells, organs, or other structures. It consists of a double layer of lipids with protein molecules between the two layers. Membranes are permeable to water and fat-soluble substances but not to such polar molecules as sugars. + + mental effect + @@ -22685,6 +39701,7 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. mercury A heavy silvery-white toxic liquid metallic element occurring principally in cinnabar: used in thermometers, barometers, mercury-vapour lamps, and dental amalgams. + @@ -22692,15 +39709,19 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. mercury contamination The presence and release into the air, water and soil of mercury, a naturally occurring heavy metal element, by both natural occurrences such as vaporization and human activities such as burning coal, mining and smelting. + + aquatic recreational amenity + metabolism All the chemical reactions that take place in a living organism, comprising both anabolism and catabolism. Basal metabolism is the energy exchange of an animal at rest. Catabolism is the synthesis of complex molecules from simpler ones. Catabolism is the breaking down by organisms of complex molecules into simpler ones with the liberation of energy. + @@ -22713,38 +39734,52 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. metabolism of pesticides The sum of chemical reactions, including both synthesis and breakdown, that occurs in substances or mixtures intended to prevent, destroy or mitigate pests that are directly or indirectly detrimental to harvest crops and other humans interests. + + metabolite A product of intermediary metabolism. + + metainformation Data assembled to describe or define another body of data, a document or any information element. + metal finishing A process in which a chemical or some other substance is applied to metals as a way to clean, protect, alter or modify appearance or physical properties, especially surface properties. + aqueduct A channel for supplying water; often underground, but treated architecturally on high arches when crossing valleys or low ground. + + metallic mineral Minerals containing metals, such as bauxite, pyrite, etc. + + + + metallurgical industry Industry concerned with the extraction, refining, alloying and fabrication of metals. + + @@ -22753,33 +39788,42 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. metal oxide Any binary compound in which oxygen is combined with one or more metal atoms. + metal plating Forming a thin, adherent layer of metal on an object. + aquifer Layers of rock, sand or gravel that can absorb water and allow it to flow. An aquifer acts as a groundwater reservoir when the underlying rock is impermeable. This may be tapped by wells for domestic, agricultural or industrial use. A serious environmental problem arises when the aquifer is contaminated by the seepage of sewage or toxins from waste dumps. If the groundwater in coastal areas is over-used salt water can seep into the aquifer. + + metal product + metal products industry Industry related with the primary metal processing and fabricated metal products manufacturing. The most important end uses of the products of the metals industries are automobiles, machinery, appliances, electrical equipment, structures, furniture, and containers. + + metal An opaque crystalline material usually of high strength with good electrical and thermal conductivities, ductility and reflectivity. + + @@ -22791,10 +39835,12 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. metal smelting A metallurgical process in which ore mixtures are heated above melting point to extract or yield a crude metal. + metal working + @@ -22803,6 +39849,9 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. meteorological disaster Violent, sudden and destructive change to the environment related to, produced by, or affecting the earth's atmosphere, especially the weather-forming processes. + + + @@ -22811,17 +39860,21 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. meteorological forecasting A branch of science that studies the dynamics of the atmosphere and the direct effects of the atmosphere upon the Earth's surface, oceans and inhabitants, focusing particularly on weather and weather conditions. + + meteorological parameter Variables, such as pressure, temperature, wind strength, humidity, etc. from which conclusions as to the forthcoming weather are drawn. + meteorological phenomenon Phenomena which occur in the troposphere and stratosphere, such as precipitations, wind, temperature, etc. + @@ -22843,6 +39896,8 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. meteorology The science concerned with the atmosphere and its phenomena. + + @@ -22850,6 +39905,7 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. methane A colourless, odourless, and tasteless gas, lighter than air and reacting violently with chlorine and bromine in sunlight, a chief component of natural gas; used as a source of methanol, acetylene, and carbon monoxide. Also known as methyl hydride. + @@ -22857,6 +39913,7 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. acid A compound capable of transferring a hydrogen ion in solution. + @@ -22864,6 +39921,7 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. methodology The system of methods and principles used in a particular discipline. + @@ -22878,65 +39936,88 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. arable farming Growing crops as opposed to dairy farming, cattle farming, etc. + metropolis A term applied loosely to any large city, but specifically to that city in a country which is the seat of government, of ecclesiastical authority, or of commercial activity. + + + microbial resource Any available source of supply derived from microbes, which would be used for beneficial purposes, such as for the production of food substances and drugs. + + microbiological analysis Analysis for the identification of viruses, bacteria, fungi and parasites. + + microbiology The science and study of microorganisms, including protozoans, algae, fungi, bacteria, viruses, and rickettsiae. + + microclimate The local, rather uniform climate of a specific place or habitat, compared with the climate of the entire area of which it is a part. + microclimate effect + microclimatology The study of a microclimate, including the study of profiles of temperature, moisture and wind in the lowest stratum of air, the effects of the vegetation and of shelterbelts, and the modifying effects of towns and buildings. + + microcomputer A microprocessor combined with input/output interface devices, some type of external memory, and the other elements required to form a working computer system; it is smaller, lower in cost, and usually slower than a minicomputer. + microecosystem A small-scale, simplified, experimental ecosystem, laboratory- or field- based, which may be: a) derived directly from nature (e.g. when samples of pond water are maintained subsequently by the input of artificial light and gas-exchange); or b) built up from axenic cultures (a culture of an organism that consists of one type of organism only, i.e. that is free from any contaminating organism) until the required conditions of organisms and environment are achieved. Also known as microcosm. + + microelectronics The technology of constructing circuits and devices in extremely small packages by various techniques. Also known as microminiaturization; microsystem electronics. + + microfiltration The separation or removal from a liquid of particulates and microorganisms in the size range of 0.1 to 0.2 microns in diameter. + + + micro-organism A microscopic organism, including bacteria, protozoans, yeast, viruses, and algae. + @@ -22945,27 +40026,35 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. micropollutant Pollutant which exists in very small traces in water. + microscopy The interpretative application of microscope magnification to the study of materials that cannot be properly seen by the unaided eye. + microwave An electromagnetic wave which has a wavelength between about 0.3 and 30 centimeters, corresponding to frequencies of 1-100 gigahertz; however there are no sharp boundaries between microwaves and infrared and radio waves. + + migrant labour Temporary employment performed by persons who move from place to place, such as agricultural workers following crop seasons. + + human migration The permanent or semipermanent change of a person's place of residence. + + @@ -22973,6 +40062,7 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. animal migration Movements that particular animals carry out regularly often between breeding places and winter feeding grounds. + @@ -22980,20 +40070,25 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. migratory bird Birds which migrate in a body. + migratory species + military aspects + military activities Actions and movements pertaining to or conducted by the armed forces. + + @@ -23005,23 +40100,31 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. military air traffic Air traffic of or relating to the armed forces. + + + military zone Area whose utilization is exclusively reserved to the army. + milk The whitish fluid secreted by the mammary gland for the nourishment of the young; composed of carbohydrates, proteins, fats. mineral salts, vitamins, and antibodies. + + mill A building where grain is crushed into flour. + + @@ -23029,16 +40132,25 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. mine An opening or excavation in the earth for extracting minerals. + + + mine filling Filling of disused mines with soil, crushed stone, or waste materials in order to restore the geological, agricultural and landscape features of the concerned area. + + + + mineral deposit A mass of naturally occurring mineral material, e.g. metal ores or nonmetallic mineral, usually of economic value, without regard to mode of origin. + + @@ -23049,12 +40161,16 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. mineral extraction The process of extracting metallic or nonmetallic mineral deposits from the Earth. + + + mineral fibre A fiber manufactured from glass, rock, or slag generally for use in fabricating heat insulation. + @@ -23062,29 +40178,39 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. mineral industry Industry for the exploitation of minerals from soil deposits by underground excavations or open workings, employing adequate plants and equipment. + + mineralisation The process of fossilization whereby inorganic materials replace the organic constituent of an organism. + + arboriculture The planting and care of woody plants, especially trees. + mineralogy The science which concerns the study of natural inorganic substances called minerals. + + mineral resource Valuable mineral deposits of an area that are presently recoverable and may be so in the future; includes known ore bodies and potential ore. + + + @@ -23093,6 +40219,10 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. mineral A naturally occurring substance with a characteristic chemical composition expressed by a chemical formula; may occur as individual crystals or may be disseminated in some other material or rock. + + + + @@ -23105,6 +40235,9 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. mineral water Water containing naturally or artificially supplied minerals or gases. + + + @@ -23112,16 +40245,23 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. minimal cost planning The process of making arrangements or preparations to facilitate the production of goods or services at an output that would require the lowest possible expenditure of money, time or labor. + minimisation of damage The activity of reducing the harm or injury done to the environment or ecosystem. + mining district A district where mineral exploitation is performed. + + + + + @@ -23132,17 +40272,22 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. mining engineering Engineering concerned with the discovery, development and exploitation of coal, ores, and minerals, as well as the cleaning, sizing and dressing of the product. + mining geology The study of geologic aspects of mineral deposits, with particular regard to problems associated with mining. + mining industry A sector of the economy in which an aggregate of commercial enterprises is engaged in the extraction of minerals occurring naturally, often involving quarrying, well operations, milling, exploration and development. + + + @@ -23150,53 +40295,70 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. archaeological site Any location containing significant relics and artifacts of past culture. + + mining law A binding rule or body of rules prescribed by a government to regulate the potentially harmful activity of enterprises concerned with the extraction and processing of precious or valuable metals. + + + mining regulation A rule or order prescribed by government or management to promote the safety, legality or ecological responsibility of any aspect of the process or industry of ore extraction. + + + mining site restoration Mining is an intensive type of land use with potential for environmental impact over a limited area. When closure occurs, it should address both environmental and safety aspects. Mine reclamation is an ongoing program designed to restore to an acceptable state the physical, chemical and biological quality or potential of air, land and water regimes disturbed by mining. The objective of mine reclamation is to prevent or minimize adverse long-term environmental impacts, and create a self-sustaining ecosystem as near as practicable to what existed before the mining activity. + + + mining waste Any residue which results from the extraction of raw materials from the earth. + ministerial decree A formal judgment or mandate handed down on a specific issue or concern from a major administrative department of a state, usually under the authority of that department's chief minister, secretary or administrator. + ministry The body of top government administrators or other high ranking public officials that are selected by a head of state to manage certain aspects of a state's affairs, as opposed to civil servants whose tenure is unaffected by public changes resulting from democratic elections or some other process. + archaeology The scientific study of the material remains of the cultures of historical or prehistorical peoples. + minority A group that is different racially, politically, etc. from a larger group of which it is a part. + miscellaneous product + @@ -23213,21 +40375,26 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. miscibility The tendency or capacity of two or more liquids to form a uniform blend, that is, to dissolve in each other; degrees are total miscibility, partial miscibility, and immiscibility. + + archipelago A chain of many islands including the waters that surround them. + mite An order of small Arachnida with rounded bodies. Mites are very abundant in the soil, feeding on plant material and invertebrate animals. Some parasitic mites (e.g. red spider) damage crops and can be serious pests. Others cause diseases in animals. Ticks are blood-suckers, some being vectors of diseases such as Rocky Mountain spotted fever in humans and fowls, and louping ill in cattle and sheep. + mitigation measure Any procedure or action undertaken to reduce the adverse impacts that a project or activity may have on the environment. + @@ -23235,22 +40402,28 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. mixed farming Type of agriculture based on the combination of crop production and cattle raising. + mixed forest A forest composed of several tree species. + + mixed use area Use of land for more than one purpose; e.g. grazing of livestock, watershed and wildlife protection, recreation, and timber production. + + mixing The intermingling of different materials to produce a homogeneous mixture. + @@ -23258,12 +40431,16 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. mobile home Living quarters mounted on wheels and capable of being towed by a motor vehicle. + + + model 1) A representation, usually on a smaller scale, of a device, structure, etc. 2) A quantitative or mathematical representation or computer simulation which attempts to describe the characteristics or relationships of physical events. + @@ -23272,6 +40449,7 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. modelling An investigative technique using a mathematical or physical representation of a system or theory that accounts for all or some its known properties. Models are often used to test the effect of changes of system components on the overall performance of the system. + @@ -23279,17 +40457,23 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.moisture 1) The water vapour content of the atmosphere, or the total water substances (gaseous, liquid and solid) present in a given volume of air. 2) Water that is dispersed through a gas in the form of water vapour or small droplets, dispersed through a solid, or condensed on the surface of a solid. + + molecular biology The study of the chemical structures and processes of biological phenomena at the molecular level; the discipline is particularly concerned with the study of proteins, nucleic acids, and enzymes, the macromolecules essential to life processes. It seeks to understand the molecular basis of genetic processes. Techniques used include X-ray diffraction and electron microscopy. + + + mollusc Any of various invertebrates having a soft unsegmented body and often a shell, secreted by a fold of skin. + @@ -23297,11 +40481,14 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. monetary assessment Financial determination, adjustment, estimation, or appraisal for purposes of levying a tax, charge or fine. + monitoring To check regularly in order to perceive change in some quality or quantity. + + @@ -23323,10 +40510,15 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. monitoring criterion + + monitoring data + + + @@ -23334,6 +40526,8 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. monitoring equipment Specific equipment used in remote sensing. + + @@ -23344,22 +40538,29 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. monitoring network Interconnected group of monitoring stations for the surveillance of pollution. + monitoring station Station where the presence, effect, or level of any polluting substance in air or water, noise and blasting, radiation, transport movements, land subsidence, or change in the character of vegetation are measured quantitatively or qualitatively. + + + + monitoring system A coordinated body of sensory and communications devices that observes, detects or records the outputs or operations of any natural or artificial system in order to construct a history or future of events. + monitoring technique Techniques employed in the process of checking, observing and measuring events, processes or physical, chemical, biological and environmental phenomena. + @@ -23377,42 +40578,57 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. monopoly The market condition where a particular commodity or service has only one seller, either because the seller has exclusive possession of an essential input or because large economies of scale inhibit the entrance of a competitor into the market. + monument An object, especially large and made of stone, built to remember and show respect to a person or group of people, or a special place made for this purpose. + + moor A tract of unenclosed waste ground, usually covered with heather, coarse grass, bracken, and moss. + moral persuasion Appealing to the ethical principles or beliefs of an adversary or the public to convince the adversary to change behavior or attitudes. + morphology The branch of biology concerned with the form and structure of organisms. + + mortality The number of deaths occurring in a given population for a given period of time. + + + moss Any plant of the class Bryophyta, occurring in nearly all damp habitats. + architecture The art and science of designing and building structures, or large groups of structures, in keeping with aesthetic and functional criteria. + + + + @@ -23421,11 +40637,15 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. motorcycle + motor fuel Any gaseous or liquid flammable fuel that burns in an internal combustion engine. + + + @@ -23439,6 +40659,9 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. motor vehicle A road vehicle driven by a motor or engine, especially an internal-combustion engine. + + + @@ -23452,6 +40675,9 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. motor vehicle emission The formation and discharge of gaseous and particulate pollutants into the environment chiefly from car, truck and bus exhaust. + + + @@ -23460,28 +40686,41 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. motor vehicle exhaust gas Gases vented to the atmosphere by internal-combustion-engine driven vehicles. + + + motor vehicle industry + + + motorway A wide road built for fast moving traffic travelling long distances, with a limited number of points at which drivers can enter and leave it. + + + acoustic filter A device employed to reject sound in a particular range of frequencies while passing sound in another range of frequencies. + + mountain A feature of the earth's surface that rises high above the base and has generally steep slopes and a relatively small summit area. Mountains are an important source of water, energy, minerals, forest and agricultural products, and recreation. They are storehouses of biological diversity and endangered species and an essential part of the global ecosystem. About 10% of the world's population depend on mountain resources and nearly half of these people are affected by the degradation of mountain watershed areas. + + @@ -23490,15 +40729,20 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. mountain ecosystem Ecosystems found on high-mountains at low latitudes. Mountain ecosystems are very vulnerable. They are increasingly sensitive to soil erosion, landslide and rapid loss of habitat and genetic diversity. Widespread poverty and an increase in the numbers of mountain inhabitants lead to deforestation, cultivation of marginal lands, excessive livestock grazing, loss of biomass cover and other forms of environmental degradation. Because little is known about mountain ecosystems, Agenda 21 has proposed the establishment of a global mountain database. This is essential for the launch of programmes that would contribute to the sustainable development of mountain ecosystems. The proposals also focus on promoting watershed development and alternative employment for people whose livelihoods are linked to practices that degrade mountains. + + mountaineering + mountainous area Area characterized by conspicuous peaks, ridges, or mountain ranges. + + @@ -23509,58 +40753,77 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. mountain range A single, large mass consisting of a succession of mountains or narrowly spaced mountain ridges, with or without peaks, closely related in position, direction, formation, and age. + + Arctic ecosystem + + mowing The cutting down of grass, crops or grain with a scythe or a mechanical device. + mud flat A relatively level area of fine silt along a shore (as in a sheltered estuary) or around an island, alternately covered and uncovered by the tide, or covered by shallow water. + + mud (sediment) A mixture of clay and/or silt with water to form a plastic mass with a particle size preponderantly below 0.06 mm diameter. It is deposited in low-energy environments in lakes, estuaries and lagoons. It may also be deposited in deep-sea environments. + mulch A layer of organic material applied to the surface of the ground to retain moisture; mulching is the spreading of leaves, straw or other loose material on the ground to prevent erosion, evaporation or freezing of plant roots. + + + + multilateral agreement Multilateralism stands for a long-held but rarely achieved ideal, namely the voluntary co-operation of nations for peace and development. Multilateral initiatives are undermined or diluted by ultra-nationalist, bilateral and regional initiatives. Multilateralism may be undercut by the uncoordinated decisions of those contributing to it. Multilateralism constitutes the democracy of international society. An enlightened multilateralism enhances the specific interests of states while advancing their common cause. + Arctic Ocean The smallest and most poorly studied of the oceans on earth. It covers an area of 14 million square km that is divided by three submarine ridges, i.e. the Alpha Ridge, the Lomonosov Ridge, and an extension of the mid-Atlantic ridge. It is also nearly landlocked, covered year-round by pack ice, and the third of its area is continental shelf. + multinational firm A large business company operating in several countries. + + multiple use management area 1) Coordinated management for the most judicious and harmonious use of the land on a long term basis under the concept of combining two or more uses and/or purposes with attention to sustainability and nonimpairment of the natural resources and land area. 2) Use of land for more than one purpose; e.g. grazing of livestock, watershed and wildlife protection, recreation, and timber production. + municipal cleansing The aggregation of services offered by a town or city in which streets and other public areas are kept clean, such as through trash pick-ups, street sweeping and decontamination of water, soil and other natural resources. + + @@ -23569,11 +40832,15 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. municipal cleansing service Removal for treatment or disposal of those residues that can be regarded as waste including removal of litter from public places, public thoroughfares or the countryside. + + + Arctic region The northernmost area of the earth, centered on the North Pole, that includes the Arctic Ocean, the northern reaches of Canada, Alaska, Russia, Norway and most of Greenland, Iceland and Svalbard. + @@ -23581,27 +40848,34 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. municipal environmental policy The guiding procedure, philosophy or course of action regarding the protection of natural resources in local settings, cities or towns. + + municipality A town, city, or other district having powers of local self-government. + municipal law Broadly, a law or body of laws that pertains solely to the citizens and inhabitants of a state; narrowly, a law or body of laws pertaining to towns, cities, villages and their local governments. + municipal level The jurisdiction, position or status of city, town or local government. + municipal waste Municipal waste is mainly produced by households, though similar wastes from sources such as commerce, offices and public institutions are included. The amount of municipal waste generated consists of waste collected by or on behalf of municipal authorities and disposed of through the waste management system. + + @@ -23617,84 +40891,115 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. municipal water distribution system Any publicly or privately organized setup in which water is processed at a central plant and delivered to homes and businesses via water pipes. + + + distribution area 1) The overall geographical distribution of a talon. 2) The range occupied by a community or other group. + + municipal water management Municipal water management deals with aspects of water supply and water technology concerning planning, processing, building and producing. It also concerns the problems of waste water collection, sewage disposal, waste water treatment in rural areas, water economising measures, water body quality management. + + + + muscular system The muscle cells, tissues, and organs that effect movement in all vertebrates. + + museum A place or building where objects of historical, artistic, or scientific interest are exhibited, preserved or studied. + + mushroom A family of Basidiomycetes that are characterized by the production of spores on gills. + music The artistic organization of sounds or tones that expresses ideas and emotions through the elements of rhythm, melody, harmony and tonal color. + + mussel farming Breeding of mussels for sale as food. + + mustelid A large, diverse family of low-slung, long-bodied carnivorous mammals including minks, weasels, and badgers; distinguished by having only one molar in each upper jaw, and two at the most in the lower jaw. + mutagenicity The property of chemical or physical agents of inducing changes in genetic material that are transmitted during cell division. + + mutagenicity testing Testing the property of a substance of being able to induce genetic mutation. + mutagen An agent that raises the frequency of mutation above the spontaneous rate. An agent that causes changes to plants and animals, particularly to their genetic material and especially at the time of reproduction. Certain chemicals and forms of radiation are powerful mutagens that damage the DNA, or genetic material in the centre of every cell of a living organism. + + + mutant An individual bearing an allele that has undergone mutation and is expressed in the phenotype. + mutated micro-organisms release The release of mutated micro-organisms creates the risk that they may exhibit some previously unknown pathogenicity, might take over from some naturally occurring bacteria (possibly having other positive functions which thus are lost) or pass on some unwanted trait to such indigenous bacteria. There is also concern that an uncontrolled genetic mutation could produce from such an engineered microorganism, a form with hazardous consequences for the environment. + + + + mutation A change in the chemical constitution of the DNA in the chromosomes of an organism: the changes are normally restricted to individual genes, but occasionally involve serious alteration to whole chromosomes. When a mutation occurs in gametes or gametocytes an inherited change may be produced in the characteristics of the organisms that develop from them. Mutation is one of the ways in which genetic variation is produced in organisms. A somatic mutation is one that occurs to a body cell, and is consequently past on to all the cells derived from it by mitosis. Natural mutations, at this stage of biological evolution, when they occur in the cells of higher animals, almost always produce deleterious characteristics. Both natural and artificial mutations can be brought about by ionizing radiation (hence the genetic and carcinogenic dangers of nuclear weapons) and by certain chemical substances called mutagens. + @@ -23703,27 +41008,36 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. mycology The branch of botany concerned with the study of fungi. + + mycorrhiza The symbiotic association of the root of a higher plant with a fungus. In an ectotrophic mycorrhiza (e.g., heath, pine trees) the fungal mycelium covers the outside of the roots; in an endotrophic mycorrhiza (e.g. orchids) the fungus grows inside the cells of the root cortex. + area of potential pollution Area which is supposedly causing dangers to human health and environment. + + + + national conservation programme + national economy A nation's financial resources and its financial management, with a view towards its productivity. + @@ -23731,40 +41045,50 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. national environmental accounting The collection and processing of financial information regarding the costs for ecological challenges or opportunities for nations or countries. + cultural goods + nationalisation The transfer of ownership of a private business or other private property to a national government, either through uncompensated seizure (expropriation) or through forced sale at a government-determined price. + + national legislation A binding rule or body of rules prescribed by the government of a sovereign state that holds force throughout the regions and territories within the government's dominion. + national park Areas of outstanding natural beauty, set aside for the conservation of flora, fauna and scenery, and for recreation, if this does not conflict with the conservation objectives of the parks and their landscapes. Hunting, logging, mining, commercial fishing, agriculture and livestock grazing are all controlled within national parks, as is industrial activity. + + national planning The step by step method and process of defining, developing and outlining various possible courses of actions to meet existing or future needs, goals and objectives for a country or a large body of people associated with a particular territory, often sharing similar ethnic backgrounds, customs and language. + national reserve + natural area An area in which natural processes predominate, fluctuations in numbers of organisms are allowed free play and human intervention is minimal. + @@ -23774,6 +41098,8 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. natural disaster Violent, sudden and destructive change in the environment without cause from human activity, due to phenomena such as floods, earthquakes, fire and hurricanes. + + @@ -23782,11 +41108,14 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. natural drainage system + natural environment The complex of atmospheric, geological and biological characteristics found in an area in the absence of artifacts or influences of a well developed technological, human culture. + + @@ -23797,12 +41126,17 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. acoustic insulation The process of preventing the transmission of sound by surrounding with a nonconducting material. + + natural fertiliser Organic material added to the soil to supply chemical elements needed for plant nutrition. + + + @@ -23812,6 +41146,8 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. natural fibre A textile fiber of mineral, plant or animal origin. + + @@ -23820,11 +41156,17 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. natural forest A forest area that has developed free from the influence of humans and remains largely unaffected by their activities. The natural forest may include, but is not necessarily equivalent to, an old-growth forest. + + natural gas A natural fuel containing methane and hydrocarbons that occurs in certain geologic formations. + + + + @@ -23833,11 +41175,17 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. natural gas exploration Underground prospection conducted with various methods to discover natural gas deposits which are usually found in the immediate vicinity of crude petroleum. + + + natural gas extraction The tapping of natural gas from wells located under the sea and in general from underground sources often in association with petroleum deposits; it is used as a fuel, having largely replaced coal-gas for this purpose, and as a source of intermediates for organic synthesis. + + + @@ -23845,11 +41193,15 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. natural hazard The probability of occurrence, within a specific period of time in a given area of a potentially damaging phenomenon of nature. + + natural heritage Generally, the world's natural resources as handed down to the present generation, and specifically, the earth's outstanding physical, biological and geological formations, and habitats of threatened species of animals and plants and areas with scientific, conservation or aesthetic value. + + @@ -23858,15 +41210,19 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. rights of nature A rule or body of rules that derives from nature and is believed to be binding upon human society, as opposed to human-made laws such as legislative acts and judicial decisions. + arid land ecosystem The interacting system of a biological community and its non-living environmental surroundings in a climatic region where the annual precipitation averages less than 10 inches per year. + + natural material + @@ -23884,11 +41240,14 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. natural monument A natural/cultural feature which is of outstanding or unique value because of its inherent rarity, representative of aesthetic qualities or cultural significance. Guidance for selection of a natural monument is: a) The area should contain one or more features of outstanding significance (appropriate natural features include spectacular waterfalls, caves, craters, fossil beds, sand dunes and marine features, along with unique or representative fauna and flora; associated cultural features might include cave dwellings, cliff-top forts, archaeological sites, or natural sites which have heritage significance to indigenous peoples).; b) The area should be large enough to protect the integrity of the feature and its immediately related surroundings. + natural park A designation of project lands which preserves natural resources for their scientific, scenic, cultural and/or educational value by limiting development and management practices. Land managed to protect rare and endangered species of flora and fauna will be designed as natural areas. + + @@ -23897,11 +41256,13 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. natural radioactivity Radiation stemming mainly from uranium, present in small amounts in many rocks, soils, building material, etc. + arid land Lands characterized by low annual rainfall of less than 250 mm, by evaporation exceeding precipitation and a sparse vegetation. + @@ -23909,11 +41270,16 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. natural resource conservation The management of living and non-living resources in such a way as to sustain the maximum benefit for present and future generations. + + + + natural resource A feature or component of the natural environment that is of value in serving human needs, e.g. soil, water, plantlife, wildlife, etc. Some natural resources have an economic value (e.g. timber) while others have a "noneconomic" value (e.g. scenic beauty). + @@ -23928,11 +41294,13 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. natural scenery An area where human effects, if present, are not significant to the landscape as a whole. + natural science The branches of science dealing with objectively measurable phenomena pertaining to the transformation and relationships of energy and matter; includes biology, physics, and chemistry. + @@ -23944,6 +41312,8 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. natural stone A gemstone that occurs in nature, as distinguished from a man-made substitute. + + @@ -23953,15 +41323,22 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. natural value + + + nature conservation organisation + nature conservation Active management of the earth's natural resources and environment to ensure their quality is maintained and that they are wisely used. + + + @@ -23969,16 +41346,22 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. nature conservation legislation A binding rule or body of rules prescribed by a government to protect, preserve or renew an area's natural habitats or ecosystem. + nature conservation programme An organized group of activities and procedures, often run by a government agency or a nonprofit organization, to preserve and protect elements of the natural world such as mountains, trees, animals or rivers. + + nature protection Precautionary actions, procedures or installations undertaken to prevent or reduce harm to the elements of the material world that exist independently of human activity. + + + @@ -23987,6 +41370,8 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. nature reserve Areas allocated to preserve and protect certain animals and plants, or both. They differ from national park, which are largely a place for public recreation, because they are provided exclusively to protect species for their own sake. Endangered species are increasingly being kept in nature reserves to prevent them from extinction, particularly in India, Indonesia and some African countries. Natural reserves were used once to preserve the animals that landowners hunted, but, in the 19th century, they became places where animals were kept to prevent them from dying out. Special refuges and sanctuaries are also often designated to protect certain species or groups of wild animals or plants, especially if their numbers and distribution have been significantly reduced. They also serve as a place for more plentiful species to rest, breed or winter. Many parts of the world also have marine and aquatic reserves to protect different species of sea or freshwater plant and animal life. + + @@ -23995,33 +41380,44 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. nausea + navigational hazard Any obstacle encountered by a vessel in route posing risk or danger to the vessel, its contents or the environment. + + + necrosis The pathologic death of living tissue in a plant or animal. + need The fact or an instance of feeling the lack of something. + + neighbourhood improvement scheme + + + armament The weapons, ammunition and equipment, or the total force held by a military unit or state. + @@ -24029,16 +41425,21 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. nematode A group of unsegmented worms which have been variously recognized as an order, class, and phylum. + nervous system A coordinating and integrating system which functions in the adaptation of an organism to its environment; in vertebrates, the system consists of the brain, brainstem, spinal cord, cranial and peripheral nerves, and ganglia. + + armament conversion Change in character, form or function of the arms and equipment with which a military unit is supplied. + + @@ -24046,26 +41447,37 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. net resource depletion The total decrease in the amount of natural materials available for use by humans and other living beings. + + netting policy (emissions trading) All emission sources in the same area that are owned or controlled by a single company are treated as one large source, thereby allowing flexibility in controlling individual sources in order to meet a single emissions standard. + + + + neurotoxicity The occurrence of adverse effects on a nervous system following exposure to a chemical. + + neutralisation To make a solution neutral by adding a base to an acidic solution, or an acid to a basic solution. + + armed forces The military units of a state, typically divided by their differing contexts of operations, such as the army, navy, air force and marines. + @@ -24074,59 +41486,79 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. new community A sociopolitical, religious, occupational or other group of common characteristics and interests formed as an alternative to social, and often residential, options currently available. + new installation A device, system, or piece of equipment that has been recently installed. + + new material Novel high-performance materials obtained through the interdisciplinary research of chemistry, applied chemistry, chemical engineering, and mechanical engineering. + new technology Electronic instruments and devices which have recently been developed and are been introduced into industry. New technologies have been introduced often in almost total ignorance or disregard of the biological and ecological systems that they subsequently disturb, and of the dynamic and evolving nature of living systems. + + nickel A malleable ductile silvery-white metallic element that is strong and corrosion-resistant, occurring principally in pentlandite and niccolite: used in alloys, especially in toughening steel, in electroplating, and as a catalyst in organic synthesis. + nitrate Any salt or ester of nitric acid, such as sodium nitrate. + + + + nitrification The process by which ammonia compounds, including man-made fertilizer and the humus provided by organic matter or plant and animal origin, are converted into nitrites and then nitrates, which are then absorbed as a nutrient by crops. Excess nitrate can be leached into surface waters and groundwaters, causing pollution. Excess nitrate may also be converted by microbes back into gaseous nitrogen, which is an important greenhouse gas, and released back into the atmosphere. The ultimate source of nitrogen in the ecosystem is the molecular nitrogen in the atmosphere. To a very limited extent, some dissolves in water. However, none is found in rock. + + + + aromatic compound Compounds characterized by the presence of at least one benzene ring. + nitrite A salt or ester of nitric acid, included in compounds such as potassium nitrite, sodium nitrite and butyl nitrite. + nitro compound Any one of a class of usually organic compounds that contain the monovalent group, -NO2 (nitro group or radical) linked to a carbon atom. + nitrogen An essential nutrient in the food supply of plants and the diets of animals. Animals obtain it in nitrogen-containing compounds, particularly amino acids. Although the atmosphere is nearly 80% gaseous nitrogen, very few organisms have the ability to use it in this form. The higher plants normally obtain it from the soil after micro-organisms have converted the nitrogen into ammonia or nitrates, which they can then absorb. + + @@ -24136,27 +41568,38 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. nitrogen cycle The complex set of processes by which crops acquire the large amount of nitrogen they need to make proteins, nucleic acids and other biochemicals of which they are composed, and how the nitrogen returns to the atmosphere. + nitrogen dioxide A reddish-brown gas; it exists in varying degrees of concentration in equilibrium with other nitrogen oxides; used to produce nitric acid. + + nitrogen fixation Assimilation of atmospheric nitrogen by a variety of microorganisms which live freely in soil. Once the nitrogen has been captured by one of the microorganisms, there are many different routes by which it is handled. Some is retained in the soil as decomposing plant matter, waiting to be released and taken up by new crops as a nitrate. That nitrate is produced by nitrifying bacteria living in the soil that thrive on ammonia, which is produced by decaying plant and animal material. In processing nitrogen the nitrifying bacteria produce nitrate that can be absorbed by the roots of plants. + + + + nitrogen monoxide A colourless gas, soluble in water, ethanol and ether. It is formed in many reactions involving the reduction of nitric acid, but more convenient reactions for the preparation of reasonably pure NO are reactions of sodium nitrite, sulphuric acid, etc. + + nitrogen oxides Oxides formed and released in all common types of combustion; they are formed by the oxidation of atmospheric nitrogen at high temperatures. Introduced into the atmosphere from car exhausts, furnace stacks, incinerators, power stations and similar sources, the oxides include nitrous oxide, nitric oxide, nitrogen dioxide, nitrogen pentoxide and nitric acid. The oxides of nitrogen undergo many reactions in the atmosphere to form photochemical smog. + + @@ -24166,17 +41609,24 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. nitrosamine Any one of a class of neutral, usually yellow oily compounds containing the divalent group = NNO. + aromatic hydrocarbon Hydrocarbons having an unsaturated ring containing alternating double and single bonds, especially containing a benzene ring. + NOEL Acronym for No Observed Effects Level. + + + + + @@ -24184,6 +41634,7 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. noise Sound which is unwanted, either because of its effects on humans, its effect on fatigue or malfunction of physical equipment, or its interference with the perception or detection of other sounds. + @@ -24194,12 +41645,15 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. noise abatement Measures to reduce noise at the source, to encourage quieter technologies or equipment or to prevent or reduce the propagation of sound. Measures may include the isolation and damping of vibration sources; the replacement of components with quieter parts and material; the enclosure of particularly noisy components; the provision of noise barriers, etc. + + noise analysis Determination of the frequency components that make up a particular noise being studied. + @@ -24207,11 +41661,15 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. noise barrier Barriers for reducing the propagation of sound: they are widely used in industry and alongside roads and railways to shield receivers from noise sources. Barriers will not reduce the noise on the receivers side, but will increase it, unless the barrier is also covered in absorbing material. + + noise control The process to control the audible sound to an acceptable level. + + @@ -24219,33 +41677,46 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. noise disturbance Noise interferes with communication and interferes with thought processes. Noise interferes with sleep, it causes anger and frustration, and has been implicated as a contributor to various psychological and physiological problems. Noise detracts from the quality of life and the environment. + + noise emission The release of noise into the environment from various sources that can be grouped in: transportation activities, industrial activities and daily normal activities. + + noise emission levy A mandatory sum of money levied by government upon producers of disturbing, harmful or unwanted sounds, frequently in the transportation or construction industries, to encourage reduction of sound levels. + + noise-free technology Sound is radiated both as air-borne and as structure-borne; most sources produce both, thus various noise attenuation principles must be employed. Measures include: the replacement of components with quieter parts and material; the enclosure of particularly noisy components; the selection of quieter types of fan; the replacement of noisy compressed-air nozzles with quieter types; the choice of quieter transmission and cooling systems. + + aromatic substance Substance having a distinctive, usually fragrant smell. + + noise immission Immission in the environment of acoustic vibrations that negatively affect human beings, animals, plants or other objects. + + + @@ -24253,12 +41724,15 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. noise legislation Legislation introduced by many governments to prevent or restrict the emission of noise from industrial, commercial and domestic premises; from motor vehicles and aircraft; and from consumer appliances and equipment. + + noise level Physical quantity of unwanted sound measured, usually expressed in decibels. + @@ -24267,18 +41741,22 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. noise measurement The process of quantitatively determining one or more properties of acoustic noise. + noise monitoring The systematic deployment of monitoring equipment for the purpose of detecting or measuring quantitatively or qualitatively the presence, effect, or level of noise. + noise pollutant Noise in the environment which can be harmful to human beings, animals and plants. + + @@ -24286,6 +41764,8 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. noise pollution Harmful or unwanted sounds in the environment, which in specific locals, can be measured and averaged over a period of time. + + @@ -24297,6 +41777,8 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. noise protection Adoption of measures for controlling noise pollution, such as restriction of the emission of noise from industrial, commercial and domestic premises, from motor vehicles and aircrafts, the provision of noise barriers and buffer zones, the fitting of sound attenuation equipment, etc. + + @@ -24305,6 +41787,9 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. noise reduction The reduction in the sound pressure level of a noise, or the attenuation of unwanted sound by any means. + + + @@ -24315,6 +41800,7 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. noise type + @@ -24328,28 +41814,37 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. arrangement for a deposit on packaging Agreement to provide refunds or payments in exchange for used bottles or packaging materials. + + nomad 1) A member of a people or tribe who move from place to place to find pasture and food. 2) Nomads include gypsies, desert tribes such as the Bedouin and the many primitive tribes in the Americas, Asia and Australia. Herding survives as a way of life around the Sahara, in the Middle East, in Asia as far east as western India, and in the Asian parts of the USSR. The end of pastoral nomadism would be regrettable not merely on account of the independence and distinctiveness of this way of life but because this type of economy may be a more rational means of raising large numbers of animals under arid conditions than is capital-intensive ranching. + nomenclature A system of names or terms, particularly those related to a specific area of science or art, or the assignment of names to things. + non-biodegradable pollutant An organic compound, usually synthetic, that is not decomposed or mineralized by microorganisms or other biological processes. + + non-built-up area Areas which are not intensely developed for housing, commerce, industry, etc. + + + @@ -24361,6 +41856,7 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. non-conventional energy Energy that is renewable and ecologically safe, such as tidal power, wind power, etc. + @@ -24374,28 +41870,34 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. non-ferrous metal industry Industry that deals with the processing of metals other than iron and iron-base alloys. + + arsenic A toxic metalloid element, existing in several allotropic forms, that occurs principally in realgar and orpiment and as the free element. It is used in transistors, lead-based alloys, and high temperature brasses. + non-ferrous metal Any metal other than iron and its alloys. + non-governmental organisation Private, voluntary, non-profit organisations, acting as pressure groups. Throughout the world there are more than 5.000 international NGOs which are concerned with the environment and development, with millions of supporters. + non-ionising radiation Radiation that does not change the structure of atoms but does heat tissue and may cause harmful biological effects. + @@ -24405,6 +41907,10 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. non-metallic mineral Minerals containing non-metals, such as quartz, garnet, etc. + + + + @@ -24412,26 +41918,36 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. non-metal A nonmetallic element, such as arsenic or silicon, that has some of the properties of a metal. + non-polluting energy source Energy that is ecologically safe and renewable. The most widely used source is hydroelectric power, which currently supplies some 6.6% of the world's energy needs. Other non-polluting sources are solar energy, tidal energy, wave energy and wind energy. Most non-polluting energy sources require a high capital investment but have low running costs. + + non-polluting fuel Clean fuel that does not release polluting emissions in the environment, such as methane. + + + + art The creation of works of beauty or other special significance. + non-renewable energy resource Non-renewable resources have been built up or evolved over a geological time-span and cannot be used without depleting the stock and raising questions of ultimate exhaustibility, since their rate of formation is so slow as to be meaningless in terms of the human life-span. + + @@ -24439,6 +41955,8 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. non-renewable resource A natural resource which, in terms of human time scales, is contained within the Earth in a fixed quantity and therefore can be used once only in the foreseeable future (although it may be recycled after its first use). This includes the fossil fuels and is extended to include mineral resources and sometimes ground water, although water and many minerals are renewed eventually. + + @@ -24446,6 +41964,8 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. non-residential building Area which provides commercial, industrial, and public facilities. + + @@ -24455,48 +41975,60 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. non-returnable container Any container for which no specific provisions for its return from the consumer or final use has been established. + + + + non-target organism A plant or animal other than the one against which the pesticide is applied. + norm An established standard, guide, or regulation. A principle or regulation set up by authority, prescribing or directing action or forbearance; as the rules of a legislative body, of a company, court, public office, of the law, of ethics. + normalisation + North Africa A geographic region of the African continent south of Europe and the Mediterranean Sea, and north of Africa's tropical rain forest, including Morocco, Algeria, Tunisia, Libya and the Egyptian region west of the Suez Canal, and also the Sahara Desert and Atlas Mountains. + North America A continent in the northern half of the western hemisphere, bounded by the Arctic Ocean in the north, by the Pacific Ocean and the Bering Sea in the west, and by the Atlantic Ocean and the Gulf of Mexico in the east, connected to South America by the Isthmus of Panama, and including the United States, Canada, Mexico and several small island nations. + North Atlantic Ocean The northern part of the Atlantic Ocean, extending northward from the equator to the Arctic Ocean. + North Pacific Ocean An ocean north of the equator between the eastern coast of Asia and the western coasts of the Americas, extending northward to the arctic region, with principal arms including the Gulf of Alaska, the Sea of Okhotsk, the Sea of Japan and the Bering, Yellow, East China, South China and Philippine seas, and islands including the Aleutian, Midway, Marshall and Hawaiian islands, the Japanese island arc and the Malay Archipelago. + acoustic level Physical quantity of sound measured, usually expressed in decibels. + @@ -24508,11 +42040,15 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. novel food Genetically engineered foods. Novel foods, including those altered using biotechnology, should not differ 'significantly' from the foods they are to replace. Labels should not be misleading, but must make clear any differences between the novel food and its 'conventional' alternative, and must say how that difference was achieved. Foods containing a genetically modified living organism, such as a live yogurt made with an altered culture, would always be labelled. Any food whose modification might raise moral or health worries to consumers would also have to carry a label. This would include genes from an animal considered unclean by some religions, or from a plant that might cause allergic reactions. However, foods which, although made using novel methods, are identical to conventional foods, would not have to be labelled. + + nuclear accident An event occurring in a nuclear power plant or anywhere that radioactive materials are used, stored, or transported and involving the release of potentially dangerous levels of radioactive materials into the environment. + + @@ -24522,6 +42058,7 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. arthropod The largest phylum in the animal kingdom; adults typically have segmented body, a sclerotized integument, and many-jointed segmental limbs. + @@ -24530,27 +42067,37 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. nuclear energy Energy released by nuclear fission or nuclear fusion. + + nuclear energy legislation + + + nuclear energy use Nuclear energy is employed in the industrial sector, in the production of other energy types, in the medical and scientific research field, in transportation, in the production of nuclear weapons, etc. + + nuclear explosion (accident) An unintentional release of energy from a rapid reaction of atomic nuclei yielding high temperatures and radiation potentially harmful to human health and the environment. + + Articulata Animals characterized by the repetition of similar segments (metameres), exhibited especially by arthropods, annelids, and vertebrates in early embryonic stages and in certain specialized adult structures. + @@ -24558,16 +42105,24 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. nuclear facility A place, including buildings, where all the activities relating to nuclear research are performed. + + + nuclear fission The division of an atomic nucleus into parts of comparable mass; usually restricted to heavier nuclei such as isotopes of uranium, plutonium, and thorium. + + nuclear fuel Nuclear fuels are obtained from inorganic minerals extracted by mining. Although they are at least partially consumed when used in nuclear reactors for the production of heat, they differ from fossil fuels in the way they release energy. Burning of fossil fuels, such as coal, oil and gas, is a chemical reaction. Nuclear fuels, such as uranium, are destroyed by a process of spontaneous disintegration, called fission, and prompted by natural radioactivity. If the process is left to occur naturally in uranium-bearing rock, the rate of change is imperceptibly small. In a man-made nuclear reactor the energy-releasing processes of disintegration, which in the natural state happen slowly over thousands of millions of years, are compressed into minutes. The release of energy is harnessed to generate steam which drives electricity generators. + + + @@ -24576,37 +42131,60 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. nuclear fuel element A piece of nuclear fuel which has been formed and coated, and is ready to be placed in a reactor fuel assembly. + + + + nuclear fusion Combination of two light nuclei to form a heavier nucleus with release of some binding energy. + + nuclear physics The study of the characteristics, behaviour and internal structures of the atomic nucleus. + + + nuclear debate The ongoing, public discussion and dispute over the uses of energy. + + + + nuclear power plant A power plant in which nuclear energy is converted into heat for use in producing steam for turbines, which in turn drive generators that produce electric power. + + + + nuclear power plant disposal + + + + nuclear reaction A reaction involving a change in an atomic nucleus, such as fission, fusion, neutron capture, or radioactive decay, as distinct from a chemical reaction, which is limited to changes in the electron structure surrounding the nucleus. + + @@ -24617,6 +42195,10 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. nuclear reactor Device which creates heat and energy by starting and controlling atomic fission. + + + + @@ -24626,43 +42208,62 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. nuclear research centre A facility in which scientists and other researchers study the behavior and characteristics of atomic nuclei through testing and other forms of experimentation, often to invent new technology with scientific, medical and industrial purposes. + + + nuclear safety Measures and techniques implemented to reduce the possibility of incidence and the potential harm posed by radioactive substances used as an energy source, a test material or in weaponry. + + + nuclear test Test performed to evaluate nuclear weapons. + + + + nuclear weapon Any bomb, warhead, or projectile using active nuclear material to cause a chain reaction upon detonation. + + + nucleic acid Any of several organic acids combined with proteins (DNA or RNA) which exist in the nucleus and protoplasm of all cells. + + nuisance Anything that affects or prejudices health. + nursery (plant breeding) Place where plants are grown until they are large enough to be planted in their final positions. + nutrient medium A medium providing or contributing to nourishment. + + @@ -24670,31 +42271,41 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. nutrient balance Condition in which there is equilibrium between intake and excretion of nutrients. + nutrient content The amount of proteins, carbohydrates, fats, inorganic salts (e.g. nitrates, phosphates), minerals (e.g. calcium, iron), and water. + + + + nutrient cycle A biogeochemical cycle, in which inorganic nutrients move through the soil, living organisms, air and water or through some of these. + nutrient removal Elimination of nutrients as, for example, from sewage in order to prevent eutrophication of water in reservoirs. + + nutrient Chemical elements which are involved in the construction of living tissue and which are needed by both plant and animal. The most important in terms of bulk are carbon, hydrogen and oxygen, with other essential ones including nitrogen, potassium, calcium, sulphur and phosphorus. + nutrition A process in animals and plants involving the intake of nutrient materials and their subsequent assimilation into the tissues. + @@ -24705,30 +42316,40 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. nutritive value of food The measure of the quantity or availability of nutrients found in materials ingested and utilized by humans or animals as a source of nutrition and energy. + oak Any tree of the genus Quercus in the order Fagales, characterized by simple, usually lobed leaves, scaly winter buds, a star-shaped pith, and its fruit, the acorn, which is a nut; the wood is tough, hard, and durable, generally having a distinct pattern. + + objection The act of a party who objects to some matter or proceeding in the course of a trial or an argument or reason urged by him in support of his contention that the matter or proceeding objected to is improper or illegal. + obligation to inform + + obligation to label The legal responsibility or duty compelling manufacturers to affix certain marks or other written identification to their products, as is directed by laws, regulations or government standards. + + occupational disease A functional or organic disease caused by factors arising from the operations or materials of an individual's industry, trade, or occupation. + + @@ -24736,16 +42357,22 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. occupational group A collection of people who earn their living by similar or identical means of work. + occupational health An area of statutory duty imposed on employers and employees in most countries, for the protection of the workforce from occupational diseases and stresses and physical hazards through adequate planning, ventilation, lighting, safeguards, safety and emergency procedures, routine inspections, monitoring, personal protection, etc. + + occupational health care + + + @@ -24753,11 +42380,17 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. occupational medicine The branch of medicine which deals with the relationship of humans to their occupations, for the purpose of the prevention of disease and injury and the promotion of optimal health, productivity, and social adjustment. + + + occupational safety An area of statutory duty imposed on employers and employees in most countries, for the protection of the workforce from occupational disease and stresses and physical hazards through appropriate measures. + + + @@ -24765,21 +42398,30 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. occupational safety regulation Law enacted to reduce the incidence among workers of personal injuries, illnesses, and deaths resulting from employment. + + + ocean The mass of water occupying all of the Earth's surface not occupied by land, but excluding all lakes and inland seas. + artificial lake Lakes created behind manmade barriers. + + + ocean circulation Water current flow in a closed circular pattern within an ocean. + + @@ -24787,21 +42429,28 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. ocean current A net transport of ocean water along a definable path. + ocean dumping The process by which pollutants, including sewage, industrial waste, consumer waste, and agricultural and urban runoff are discharged into the world's oceans. These pollutants arise from a myriad of sources. + + + Oceania The islands of the southern, western and central Pacific Ocean, including Melanesia, Micronesia, and Polynesia. The term is sometimes extended to encompass Australia, New Zealand, and the Malay Archipelago. + oceanography The scientific study and exploration of the oceans and seas in all their aspects. + + @@ -24810,89 +42459,123 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. ocean temperature A measure, referenced to a standard value, of the heat or coldness in a body of oceanic water. + + odonate + odour The property of a substance affecting the sense of smell; any smell; scent; perfume. + + + odour nuisance + environmental criminality Unlawful acts against the environment, such as water contamination, hazardous waste disposal, air contamination, unpermitted installation of plants, oil spills, etc. + office Any room, set of rooms or building used for the administration of government service, business transactions or other work related activities. + official duty + official hearing Proceedings of relative formality, with definite issues of fact or of law to be tried, in which witnesses are heard and parties proceeded against have right to be heard. + off-peak commuting Traveling back and forth regularly over some distance, outside of the hours of maximum traffic frequency. + + off-peak travelling Relating to travelling outside rush-hours to avoid overcrowding in public means of transport. + + off-peak working + + offset policy (emissions trading) Policy whereby emissions from a proposed new or modified stationary source are balanced by reductions from existing sources to stabilise total emissions. + + + + offshore mining Oil extraction from platforms situated a short distance from the coast. + + + offshore oil drilling The act or process of extracting petroleum from deposits underlying the floor of the ocean or some other large body of water. + + off-site Activities taking place or located away from the site. + + oil binding agent Highly absorbent agents used for physically removing spilled oil in case of leakages and oil accidents occurring in water bodies, industry, work-shops, on roads, etc. Materials that have been found useful for this service vary from simple, naturally occurring materials such as straw, sawdust, and peat to synthetic agents, such as polyurethane foam and polystyrene powder. + + + + + oil-based energy Energy produced using oil as fuel. + @@ -24900,12 +42583,18 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. oil boom A floating device used to contain oil on a body of water. Once the boom has been inflated, it is towed downwind of the oil slick and formed into a U-shape; under the influence of wind, the oil becomes trapped within the boom. Skimming equipment travels into the boom enclosure and the oil is pumped into containers. + + + oil disaster The disaster caused by the dumping and accidental spillage of oil into waterways from ships and land-based or offshore installations. Oil pollution may destroy or damage aquatic life and wildlife such as birds, contaminate water supplies and create fire hazards. + + + @@ -24914,11 +42603,17 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. oil exploration + + + oil extraction Recovery of oil by surface mining, as in tar sands or oil shales, or from tunnels in a shallow reservoir. + + + @@ -24928,17 +42623,28 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. oil and fat industry Industry for the production and processing of edible oils and fats. + + + oil pipeline A line of pipe connected to valves and other control devices, for conducting oil. + + + + + oil pollution Contamination of any ecosystem, but usually of freshwater or marine ecosystems, by oil or other petroleum products. + + + @@ -24948,61 +42654,101 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. oil pollution abatement There are various systems for the abatement of oil pollution at sea: the "Load-on-top" system involves passing the washing from tank cleaning operations and residue from discharge of the original ballast water to an empty cargo tank nominated as the "slop" tank. Fresh oil cargo is loaded on top of the final residue left after further discharges of water, the resulting mixture being acceptable to refineries despite some additional cost in removing the salt and water. Under the International Convention for the Prevention of Pollution from Ships, 1973, all oil-carrying ships will be required to be capable of operating with this method of retention, or alternatively to discharge to reception facilities. Another method consists in spraying on the oil dispersives and/or blasting straw and sawdust, functioning as "blotting paper", onto water, beaches, rocks and docks. The Vikoma System for the containment of oil spills at sea, developed by British Petroleum, a seaboom of about 500 metres in length, is inflated and towed downwind of the oil slick and formed into a U-shape; under the influence of wind, the oil becomes trapped within the boom. Skimming equipment travels into the boom enclosure and the oil is pumped into containers. + + + + oil recovery vessel Boats used for recovering oil spilled at sea from oil tankers. The recommended procedure is to contain and physically recover the spill with or without the use of adsorbents. This approach entails three processes: a) confinement of the spill by spill booms; b) recovery of the spill by sorbing agents; c) physical removal of the contained oil by oil pick-up devices. + + + + + oil refinery System of process units used to convert crude petroleum into fuels, lubricants, and other petroleum-derived products. + + + + oil refining The separation of petroleum mixtures into their component parts. + oil residue recuperation The recovery of oil that is leftover or left behind, usually following the primary containment operations for an oil spill. + + + + + + oil shale A kerogen-bearing, finely laminated brown or black sedimentary rock that will yield liquid or gaseous hydrocarbons on distillation. + + oil slick The mass of oil that floats on a surface of water, which is discharged accidentally, naturally or by design, and can be moved by currents, tides and the wind. + + + oil spill The accidental release of oil, or other petroleum products usually into freshwater or marine ecosystems, and usually in large quantities. It can be controlled by chemical dispersion, combustion, mechanical containment, and absorption. + + + + oil tanker A very large ship which carries crude oil or other petroleum products in big tanks. + + + old landfill site Landfill that has been filled and covered with topsoil and seeded. The most common end use for landfills is open spaces with no active recreation taking place over the completed landfill. The obvious reason for this use is that the completed surface is steeply sloped to provide rapid runoff. Also, no irrigation of the cover grasses should be allowed. It is very unlikely to think that commercial or industrial buildings will be constructed on a completed landfill. If the end use is such that the public will be walking on the site, it is important that all manholes be properly secured, leachate lagoons fenced, and other potential hazards eliminated. + + + + + polluted site Any place that has been made unclean or unsafe by the discharge of high concentrations of hazardous or detrimental substances into its water, soil or atmosphere. + + + @@ -25010,26 +42756,35 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. antiquated plant Old installation that do not respond to new rules for the prevention of environmental pollution and whose redevelopment requires investments for adopting technologies related to the protection of waterways, waste management, noise reduction and emission control. + + olfactory pollution Pollution produced by gaseous emissions in the atmosphere that, even in very small amounts, may cause injuries or a condition of general unease or sickness to persons living in the vicinity. + + olfactometry The testing and measurement of the sensitivity of the sense of smell. + onchocerciasis Infection with the filaria Onchocerca volvulus; results in skin tumours, papular dermatitis, and ocular complications. + artificial satellite Any man-made object placed in a near-periodic orbit in which it moves mainly under the gravitational influence of one celestial body, such as the earth, sun, another planet, or a planet's moon. + + + @@ -25038,26 +42793,36 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. oncology The study of the causes, development, characteristics, and treatment of tumors. + + opencast mining Extracting metal ores and minerals that lie near the surface by removing the overlying material and breaking and loading the ore. + + + open sea fishing Fishing in the deepest parts of the sea. + operating data Data referring to the practical carrying-out of a process. + + opinion Judgement or belief not founded on certainty or proof. + + @@ -25068,12 +42833,17 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. installation optimisation Adjustments made to a building or to a mechanical or electrical system or apparatus in order to maximize its functionality and efficiency. + + + ore A mineral or mineral aggregate, more or less mixed with gangue, that can be worked and treated at a profit. + + @@ -25081,6 +42851,8 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. organ A fully differentiated structural and functional unit, such as a kidney or a root, in an animal or plant. + + @@ -25088,6 +42860,8 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. organic carbon Carbon which comes from an animal or plant. + + @@ -25096,16 +42870,20 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. organic chemistry A branch of chemistry dealing with the study of composition, reaction, properties, etc. of organic compounds. + + organic farming Farming without the use of industrially made fertilizers or pesticides. + acoustic property The characteristics found within a structure that determine the quality of sound in its relevance to hearing. + @@ -25113,6 +42891,8 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. organic pollutant A plant- or animal-produced pollutant containing mainly carbon, hydrogen and oxygen. + + @@ -25121,17 +42901,25 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. asbestos Generic name for a group of fibrous mineral silicates. It includes blue asbestos (crocidolite), white asbestos (chrysotile) and brown asbestos (amosite). After they are mined the asbestos fibres are separated from the rock and are spun into a cloth. When inhaled the fibres penetrate the lungs and the tissues of the bronchial tubes, resulting in asbestosis, a crippling lung disease. Asbestos also causes cancer of the lung and the gastro-intestinal tract, and mesothelioma, a malignant cancer of the inner lining of the chest. However, because it is a poor conductor of electricity and highly resistant to heat it has been widely used over the years in fire-fighting suits, and building and insulating materials. The fibrous form of several silicate minerals, at one time widely used for electrical and thermal insulation; the use of all forms of asbestos is now either banned or strictly controlled in many countries since it causes cancer. + + + + + organic solvent Organic materials, including diluents and thinners, which are liquids at standard conditions and which are used as dissolvers, viscosity reducers, or cleaning agents. + + organic substance Chemical compounds, based on carbon chains or rings and also containing hydrogen with or without oxygen, nitrogen, or other elements. + @@ -25150,6 +42938,7 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. organic waste Waste containing carbon compounds; derived from animal and plant materials. + @@ -25158,6 +42947,7 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. organism An individual constituted to carry out all life functions. + @@ -25177,12 +42967,14 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. organochlorine compound Organic compounds containing a C-Cl bond. + organohalogen compound Organic compounds containing a C-halogen bond. + @@ -25191,6 +42983,7 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. organometallic compound Molecules containing carbon-metal linkage; a compound containing an alkyl or aryl radical bonded to a metal. + @@ -25199,6 +42992,7 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. organonitrogen compound Organic compounds having a C-N bond. + @@ -25209,6 +43003,7 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. organooxygen compound Compounds, both aliphatic and aromatic, which have a C-O bond, including alcohols, aldehydes, etc. + @@ -25219,42 +43014,53 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. organophosphorous compound Pesticides that contain phosphorous; short-lived, but some can be toxic when first applied. + organosilicon compound Any natural substance composed of two or more unlike atoms held together by chemical bonds and containing silicon, a non-metallic element often found in rocks or minerals. + organosulphur compound One of a group of substances which contain both carbon and sulfur. + organotin compound Chemical compounds used in anti-foulant paints to protect the hulls of boats and ships, buoys and pilings from marine organisms such as barnacles. + asbestos cement A hardened mixture of asbestos fibers, Portland cement and water used in relatively thin slabs for shingles, wallboard and siding. + + + ornithology The branch of zoology that deals with the study of birds, including their physiology, classification, ecology, and behaviour. + orography A rarely used word referring to the study of mountain systems and the depiction of their relief. + + orthopteran A heterogeneous order of generalized insects with gradual metamorphosis, chewing mouthparts, and four wings. + @@ -25262,22 +43068,29 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. osmosis The passage of a solvent through a semipermeable membrane separating two solutions of different concentrations. A semipermeable membrane is one through which the molecules of a solvent can pass but the molecules of most solutes cannot. There is a thermodynamic tendency for solutions separated by such a membrane to become equal in concentration, the water (or other solvent) flowing from the weaker to the stronger solution. Osmosis will stop when the two solutions reach equal concentration, and can also be stopped by applying a pressure to the liquid on the stronger-solution side of the membrane. The pressure required to stop the flow from a pure solvent into a solution is a characteristic of the solution, and is called the osmotic pressure. Osmotic pressure depends only on the concentration of particles in the solution, not on their nature. + + ASEAN Association of Southeast Asian Nations. + local recreation A pastime, diversion, exercise or other means of enjoyment and relaxation that is carried out in a particular city, town or small district. + + overburden The material such as soil and rock lying above a mineral deposit that must be removed in order to work the deposit. + + @@ -25286,23 +43099,33 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. overcrowding An excess of people gathered together in a confined space. + overexploitation The use of raw materials excessively without considering the long-term ecological impacts of such use. + + overfertilisation Putting too much fertilizer on land; the runoff from overfertilisation can cause water pollution. + + + + + ash The incombustible matter remaining after a substance has been incinerated. + + @@ -25311,39 +43134,54 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. overfishing Taking out of the sea more than natural population growth can sustain. Overfishing has a number of causes, the most ruthless being "chronic over capacity" of modern fishing fleets to effectively take far more fish than can be replaced. + + + overgrazing Intensive grazing by animals, for example cattle, sheep or goats, on an area of pasture. It has become a serious threat to the world's rangelands and grasslands. Several factors have led to overgrazing, which leads to the soil being degraded and becoming liable to erosion by wind and rain, and even to desertification. The main pressures leading to widespread overgrazing have been the need to increase the size and numbers of herds to produce more food for an increasing human population, and the transformation of traditional pasture land into plantations to grow cash crops. Throughout the dry tropics, where traditionally herds ranged over vast areas, intensive livestock-rearing schemes have taken over, mostly to provide meat for the export market. Well-digging operations have also led to heavy concentrations of animals in small areas. + + + + overhead power line Suspended cables by which electrical power is distributed throughout a country. + + + overpopulation A population density that exceeds the capacity of the environment to supply the health requirements of the individual organism. + overturn (limnology) The circulation, especially in the fall and spring, of the layers of water in a lake or sea, whereby surface water sinks and mixes with bottom water; it is caused by changes in density differences due to changes in temperature, and is especially common wherever lakes are icebound in winter. + + overwintering To spend winter in a particular place. + ownership Collection of rights to use and enjoy property, including right to transmit it to others. The complete dominion, title, or proprietary right in a thing or claim. + @@ -25352,16 +43190,19 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. oxidation A chemical reaction that increases the oxygen content of a compound. + oxidation-reduction An oxidizing chemical change, where an element's positive valence is increased (electron loss), accompanied by a simultaneous reduction of an associated element (electron gain). + oxide Binary chemical compound in which oxygen is combined with a metal or nonmetal. + @@ -25369,6 +43210,7 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. Asia The world's largest continent. It occupies the eastern part of the Eurasian landmass and its adjacent islands and is separated from Europe by the Ural Mountains. Asia borders on the Arctic Ocean, the Pacific Ocean, the Indian Ocean, and the Mediterranean and Red Seas in the west. It includes the largest peninsulas of Asia Minor, India, Arabia, and Indochina and the island groups of Japan, Indonesia, the Philippines, and Ceylon; contains the mountain ranges of the Hindu Kush, Himalayas, Pamirs, Tian Shan, Urals, and Caucasus, the great plateaus of India, Iran and Tibet, vast plains and deserts, and the valleys of many large rivers including the Mekong, Irrawaddy, Indus, Ganges, Tigris and Euphrates. + @@ -25379,12 +43221,16 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. oxidising agent Compound that gives up oxygen easily, removes hydrogen from another compound, or attracts negative electrons. + + oxygen A gaseous chemical element; an essential element in cellular respiration and in combustion processes; the most abundant element in the earth's crust and about 20% of the air by volume. + + @@ -25392,23 +43238,33 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. oxygenation Treating with oxygen. + + oxygen content Amount of oxygen contained in a solution. + + + oxygen deficiency + + + ozone An allotropic form of oxygen containing three atoms in the molecule. It is a bluish gas, very active chemically, and a powerful oxidizing agent. Ozone is formed when oxygen or air is subjected to a silent electric discharge. It occurs in ordinary air in very small amounts only. + + @@ -25418,6 +43274,10 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. ozone depletion potential A factor that reflects the ozone depletion potential of a substance, on a mass per kilogram basis, as compared to chlorofluorocarbon-11 (CFC-11). Such factor shall be based upon the substance's atmospheric life time, the molecular weight of bromine and chlorine, and the substance's ability to be photolytically disassociated, and upon other factors determined to be an accurate measure of relative ozone depletion potential. + + + + @@ -25425,12 +43285,17 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. ozone layer The general stratum of the upper atmosphere in which there is an appreciable ozone concentration and in which ozone plays an important part in the radiative balance of the atmosphere. + + ozone layer depletion The fragile shield of ozone is been damaged by chemicals released on earth. The main chemicals that are depleting stratospheric ozone are chlorofluorocarbons which are used in refrigerators, aerosols, and as cleaners in many industries, and halons, which are used in fire extinguishers. The damage is caused when these chemicals release highly reactive forms of chlorine and bromine. Over the past 30 years ozone levels over parts of Antarctica have dropped by almost 40% during some months and a "hole" in ozone concentrations is clearly visible in satellite observations. + + + @@ -25438,12 +43303,17 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. ozonisation The process of treating, impregnating or combining with ozone. + + + packaging All products made of any materials of any nature to be used for the containment, protection, handling, delivery and presentation of goods, from raw materials to processed goods, from the producer to the user or the consumer. + + @@ -25455,6 +43325,9 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. acoustics The science of the production, transmission and effects of sound. + + + @@ -25463,33 +43336,42 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. packaging waste Waste comprised of materials, or items, used to protect, contain, or transport a commodity or product and usually considered a type of consumer waste. + + paint A mixture of pigment and a vehicle, such as oil or water, that together form a liquid or paste that can be applied to a surface to provide an adherent coating that imparts colour to and often protects the surface. + painting business A commercial service through which paint, a decorative or protective coating product, or similar products are applied to the interiors and exteriors of buildings and other surfaces. + + paint shop A shop where paint and related items are sold. + + palaeontology The study of life in past geologic time, based on fossil plants and animals and including phylogeny, their relationship to existing plants, animals, and environments, and the chronology of the Earth's history. + paper Felted or matted sheets of cellulose fibers, formed on a fine-wire screen from a dilute water suspension, and bonded together as the water is removed and the sheet is dried. + @@ -25497,12 +43379,16 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. paper industry Industrial production of paper: pulp is produced by mechanically or chemically processing wood or other vegetative materials to extract usable cellulosic fibers as an aqueous slurry. The pulp slurry may be used directly in paper making or it may be shipped elsewhere for processing into paper products. The fundamental industrial operations are divided into two major categories: pulp mill and paper mill. The pulp mill operation includes wood preparation, pulping, deinking, pulp washing, screening and thickening, and bleaching. The paper mill operations include stock preparation, paper machine operation and finishing. + + parameter 1) A quantity in an equation which must be specified beside the independent variables to obtain the solution for the dependent variables. 2) A quantity which is constant under a given set of conditions, but may be different under other conditions. + + @@ -25559,21 +43445,32 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. parasite Organism which lives and obtains food at the expense of another organism, the host. + parasitology A branch of biology which deals with those organisms, plant or animal, which have become dependent on other living creatures. + + + car park Area of ground or a building where there is space for vehicles to be parked. + + + parking provision Area where a vehicle can be left for a period of time. + + + + @@ -25581,6 +43478,7 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. Parliament An assembly of elected representatives, typically controlled by a political party and constituting the legislative and, in some cases, the executive power of a state. + @@ -25588,6 +43486,7 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. assimilation Conversion of nutritive material to living tissue. + @@ -25595,6 +43494,7 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. participation The act of sharing or taking part in a civic, community or public action. + @@ -25602,42 +43502,58 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.particle 1) Any very small part of matter, such as a molecule, atom, or electron. 2) Any relatively small subdivision of matter, ranging in diameter from a few angstroms to a few millimeters. + particle separator A device for segregation of solid particles by size range, as a screening. + + passenger transport The conveyance of people over land, water or through air by automobile, bus, train, airplane or some other means of travel. + + pasture Land covered with grass or herbage and grazed by or suitable for grazing by livestock. + + + paste-like waste Waste deriving from various activities having a pasty consistency. + pathogen Any disease-producing agent or microorganism. + + + pathogenic organism Agents producing or capable of producing disease. + + pathologic effect + + @@ -25645,6 +43561,8 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. pathology The branch of medicine concerned with the causes, origin, and nature of disease, including the changes occurring as a result of disease. + + @@ -25652,11 +43570,15 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. pattern of urban growth The combination of acts, tendencies and other observable characteristics that demonstrates a municipal area's progress or state of development, including its population trends. + + + association A body of persons associated for the regulation of a common economic activity by means of a special organization. + @@ -25664,86 +43586,124 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. peat Unconsolidated soil material consisting largely of undecomposed or slightly decomposed organic matter accumulated under conditions of excessive moisture. + + + + peat extraction Peat is obtained from peat bogs by cutting it from the earth; it is then formed into briquettes, which can be used as fuel. Peat may be found in layers several metres thick. In some countries peat-fired generating stations for electricity are in use. Peat is also used as a soil conditioner. + + + + + pedestrian zone Area where vehicles are not allowed. + + pedosphere That shell or layer of the Earth in which soil-forming processes occur. + penalty for environmental damage Punishment, varying from fines to withdrawal of government funds to economic sanctions, which is imposed for the harm or injury done to natural resources. + penalty 1) A punishment for a crime. 2) A sum specified in a contract as payable on its breach but not constituting a genuine estimate of the likely loss. + pentachlorophenol One of the universally toxic phenolic compounds, is a general purpose agent that is used as a fungicide, herbicide and molluscicide, particularly in Egypt where it is used to control snails that carry the larval human blood flukes that cause schistosomiasis. It is also used in wood preservatives and is very poisonous. + per capita data + + + perchloroethylene Stable, colorless liquid, nonflammable and nonexplosive, with low toxicity; used as a dry-cleaning and industrial solvent, in pharmaceuticals and medicines, and for metal cleaning. + astronautics The science of space flight. + + percolating water Subsurface water that passes, under the force of gravity, through rocks or soil along the line of least resistance. + + periphyton A plant or animal organism which is attached or clings to surfaces of leaves or stems of rooted plants above the bottom stratum. + + permafrost ecosystem The interacting system of the biological communities and their nonliving environmental surroundings in a climatic region where the subsoil is perennially frozen. + + astronomy The science concerned with celestial bodies and the observation and interpretation of the radiation received in the vicinity of the earth from the component parts of the universe. + + permeability The ability of a membrane or other material to permit a substance to pass through it. + + + permissible exposure limit An exposure limit that is set for exposure to an hazardous substance or harmful agent and enforced by OSHA (Occupational Safety and Health Act) as a legal standard. It is based on time-weighted average concentrations for a normal 8-hour work day and 40 hour work week. + + + + + + @@ -25751,6 +43711,7 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. permission The license, formal consent or authorization to act on some matter, frequently validating the action as lawful or procedurally correct. + @@ -25766,11 +43727,14 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. peroxyacetylnitrate A pollutant created by the action of sunlight on hydrocarbons and nitrogen oxides in the air. An ingredient of smog. + + persistence The capacity of a substance to remain chemically stable. This is an important factor in estimating the environmental effects of substances discharged into the environment. Certain toxic substances (e.g., cyanides) have a low persistence, whereas other less immediately toxic substances (e.g., many organochlorines) have a high persistence and may therefore produce more serious effects. + @@ -25778,15 +43742,26 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. persistence of pesticides The ability of a chemical to retain its molecular integrity and hence its physical, chemical, and functional characteristics in the environment through which such a chemical may be transported and distributed for a considerable period of time. + + + + + + personal responsibility + pest Any organism that damages crops, injures or irritates livestock or man, or reduces the fertility of land. + + + + @@ -25796,6 +43771,7 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. pest control Keeping down the number of pests by killing them or preventing them from attacking. + @@ -25805,54 +43781,84 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. pesticide A general term for chemical agents that are used in order to kill unwanted plants, animals pests or disease-causing fungi, and embracing insecticides, herbicides, fungicides, nematicides, etc. Some pesticides have had widespread disruptive effects among non-target species. + + + + pesticide control standard A norm or measure applicable in legal cases pertaining to the production, dissemination or use of substances designed to mitigate or eliminate insects or small animals that harm vegetation. + + + pesticide pathway The specific or known route or vector of any chemical substance released into the environment to prevent, destroy or mitigate any pest that is directly or indirectly detrimental to harvest crops and other human interests. + + residual pesticide A pesticide remaining in the environment for a fairly long time, continuing to be effective for days, weeks, and months. + + + + + pest infestation 1) The occurrence of one or more pest species in an area or location where their numbers and impact are currently or potentially at intolerable levels. 2) A sudden increase in destructiveness or population numbers of a pest species in a given area. + + + pet An animal which is kept in the home as a companion and treated affectionately. + + petrochemical industry The production of materials derived from petroleum or natural gas. + + + + petrol A fuel for internal combustion engines consisting essentially of volatile flammable liquid hydrocarbons; derived from crude petroleum by processes such as distillation reforming, polymerization, catalytic cracking, and alkilation. + + + atlas A bound collection of maps or charts, plates, engravings or tables illustrating any subject. + + petroleum A comparatively volatile liquid bitumen composed principally of hydrocarbon, with traces of sulphur, nitrogen or oxygen compounds; can be removed from the earth in a liquid state. + + @@ -25863,16 +43869,21 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. petroleum consumption Petroleum belongs to non-renewable energy sources; it is a complex substance derived from the carbonized remains of trees, ferns, mosses, and other types of vegetable matter. The principal chemical constituents of oil are carbon, hydrogen, and sulphur. The various fuels made from crude oil are jet fuel, gasoline, kerosine, diesel fuel, and heavy fuel oils. Major oil consumption is in the following areas: transportation, residential-commercial, industrial and for generating electric power. + + petroleum geology The branch of economic geology that relates to the origin, migration and accumulation of oil and gas, and to the discovery of commercial deposits. Its practice involves the application of geochemistry, geophysics, paleontology, structural geology and stratigraphy to the problems of finding hydrocarbons. + petroleum industry Manufacturing industry utilizing complex combination of interdependent operations engaged in the storage and transportation, separation of crude molecular constituents, molecular cracking, molecular rebuilding, and solvent finishing to produce petrochemical products. + + @@ -25880,11 +43891,14 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. conservation of petroleum resources Controlled utilization, protection and development of exploited and potentially exploitable sources of crude oil to meet current demand and ensure future requirements. + + atmosphere The gaseous envelope surrounding the Earth in a several kilometers-thick layer. + @@ -25893,6 +43907,7 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. phanerogam Plants that produce seeds. The group comprises the Gymnospermae and the Angiospermae. + @@ -25900,38 +43915,54 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. pharmaceutical industry Concerted activity concerned with manufacturing pharmaceutical goods. + + + pharmaceutical waste Discarded medicinal drugs and related products from pharmacies, hospitals, clinics, pharmaceutical manufacturers, etc. + + + pharmacokinetics The study of the rates of absorption, tissue distribution, biotransformation, and excretion. + + + pharmacology The science dealing with the nature and properties of drugs, particularly their actions. + + phenol A white crystalline soluble poisonous acidic derivative of benzene, used as an antiseptic and disinfectant and in the manufacture of resins, nylon, dyes, explosives and pharmaceuticals. + pheromone Any substance secreted by an animal which influences the behaviour of other individuals of the same species. + + philosophy The academic discipline concerned with making explicit the nature and significance of ordinary and scientific beliefs and investigating the intelligibility of concepts by means of rational argument concerning their presuppositions, implications, and interrelationships; in particular, the rational investigation of the nature and structure of reality (metaphysics), the resources and limits of knowledge (epistemology), the principles and import of moral judgment (ethics), and the relationship between language and reality (semantics). + + @@ -25940,38 +43971,55 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.phosphate 1) Generic term for any compound containing a phosphate group. 2) Any salt or ester of any phosphoric acid, especially a salt of orthophosphoric acid. + + + phosphate removal Replacement of phosphate in detergents by environmentally safer substances, such as zeolite. The substitute will not act as a nutrient, and so will not cause eutrophication as a result of the accelerated growth of plants and microorganisms if it is released into waterways. + + + phosphate substitute All substances that are able to substitute phosphate compounds in detergents; they must have the same chemical and physical properties and must be less polluting for the environment. + + + phosphorus A nonmetallic element used to manufacture phosphoric acid, in phosphor bronzes, incendiaries, pyrotechnics, matches, and rat poisons; the white or yellow allotrope is a soft waxy solid, soluble in carbon disulfide, insoluble in water and alcohol, and is poisonous and self-igniting in air; the red allotrope is an amorphous powder, insoluble in all solvents and is nonpoisonous; the black allotrope comprises lustrous crystals similar to graphite, and is insoluble in most solvents. + photochemical agent Agents which trigger off photochemical reactions. + + + photochemical effect The result or consequence of a chemical reaction caused by light or ultraviolet radiation. + photochemical oxidant Any of the chemicals which enter into oxidation reactions in the presence of light or other radiant energy. + + + @@ -25979,12 +44027,17 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. photochemical product Degradation products that are produced by the action of light radiation. + + + photochemical reaction Chemical reaction which is initiated by light of a specific wavelength. In an environmental context an example is the potential action of ultraviolet light on CFCs which may bring about the detrimental degradation of the ozone layer. Photochemical reactions initiate the process of photosynthesis in which plants convert carbon dioxide into sugars, which are incorporated into cell materials. + + @@ -25994,17 +44047,23 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. photochemical smog A combination of fog and chemicals that come from automobile and factory emissions and is acted upon by the action of the sun. Nitrogen dioxide, in the presence of the sun and some hydrocarbons, is turned into nitric oxide and atomic oxygen. The atomic oxygen reacts with the oxygen molecules and other constituents of automobile exhaust fumes to form a variety of products including ozone. The ozone is harmful in itself and is also implicated in a highly complex series of continuing reactions. As long as there is ozone or nitrogen dioxide and sunlight present, other undesirable reactions will occur. + + photogrammetry The process of making measurements from photographs, used especially in the construction of maps from aerial photographs and also in military intelligence, medical and industrial research, etc. + + + photograph An image captured by a camera or some other device and reproduced as a picture, usually on a sensitized surface and formed by the chemical action of light or of radiant energy. + @@ -26013,11 +44072,15 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. atmospheric chemistry The study of the production, transport, modification, and removal of atmospheric constituents in the troposphere and stratosphere. + + photosynthesis The process by which plants transform carbon dioxide and water into carbohydrates and other compounds, using energy from the sun captured by chlorophyll in the plant. Oxygen is a by-product of the process. Photosynthesis is the essence of all plant life (autotrophic production) and hence of all animal life (heterotrophic production) on the planet Earth. The rate of photosynthesis depends on climate, intensity and duration of sunlight, available leaf area, soil nutrient availability, temperature, carbon dioxide concentration, and soil moisture regimes. + + @@ -26026,26 +44089,34 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. atmospheric circulation The general movement and circulation of air, which transfers energy between different levels of the atmosphere. The mechanisms of circulation are very complicated. They involve the transfer of energy between the oceans and the atmosphere, the land and the atmosphere, as well as the different levels of the atmosphere. + + physical conditions + physical geography The study of the spatial and temporal characteristics and relationships of all phenomena within the Earth's physical environment. + + physical oceanography The study of the physical aspects of the ocean, the movements of the sea, and the variability of these factors in relationship to the atmosphere and the ocean bottom. + physical planning A form of urban land use planning which attempts to achieve an optimal spatial coordination of different human activities for the enhancement of the quality of life. + + @@ -26055,6 +44126,7 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. physical pollutant A pollutant characterized by its influence on environmental conditions caused by forces and operations of physics, such as noise, microwave radiation, vibration, etc. + @@ -26063,6 +44135,7 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. physical pollution The introduction or presence of harmful substances or forces in the environment that cause damage to the environment and its processes due to their material actions, as through vibration, thermal alteration or electromagnetic radiation. + @@ -26071,6 +44144,7 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. physical process A continuous action or series of changes which alters the material form of matter. + @@ -26103,6 +44177,7 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. physical property Property of a compound that can change without involving a change in chemical composition. + @@ -26142,6 +44217,9 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. atmospheric component The Earth's atmosphere consists by volume of nitrogen (79,1%), oxygen (20,9%), carbon dioxide (about 0,03%) and traces of the noble gases (argon, krypton, xenon, helium) plus water vapour, traces of ammonia, organic matter, ozone, various salts and suspended solid particles. + + + @@ -26152,6 +44230,8 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. physical science The sciences concerned with nonliving matter, energy, and the physical properties of the universe, such as physics, chemistry, astronomy, and geology. + + @@ -26165,6 +44245,8 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. physicochemical process Processes involving changes in the physical properties and chemical structure of substances. + + @@ -26190,11 +44272,16 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. physicochemical purification Used to concentrate waste brines and to remove solid organics and ammonia from aqueous solutions. Physical treatment consists of reverse osmosis, dialysis, electrodialysis, evaporation, carbon, adsorption, ammonia stripping, filtration, sedimentation, and flocculation. Chemical treatment consists of ion exchange, neutralization, oxidation, reduction, precipitation, and calcination. + + + physics The study of those aspects of nature which can be understood in a fundamental way in terms of elementary principles and laws. + + @@ -26203,12 +44290,16 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. atmospheric composition The chemical abundance in the earth's atmosphere of its constituents including nitrogen, oxygen, argon, carbon dioxide, water vapour, ozone, neon, helium, krypton, methane, hydrogen and nitrous oxide. + + physiology The biological study of the functions of living organisms and their parts. + + @@ -26218,28 +44309,39 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. phytomass Plant biomass; any quantitative estimate of the total mass of plants in a stand, population, or within a given area, at a given time. + phytopathology The study of plant diseases and their control. + + + + phytoplankton Planktonic plant life. + + phytosociology The study of vegetation, including the organization, interdependence, development, geographical distribution and classification of plant communities. + + atmospheric emission Suspended pollutants -- solid particles, liquid aerosols, etc. -- or toxic gases released into the atmosphere from a polluting source, or type of source. + + @@ -26251,48 +44353,66 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. phytotoxicity + + + pickling plant Plant where scale is removed from iron and steel usually by means of immersion in a hot hydrochloric or sulphuric acid bath. Wastes include spent pickling liquor, sludges and rinse water. + + satellite image A pictorial representation of data projected onto a two-dimensional grid of individual picture elements (pixels) and acquired from a human-made vessel placed in orbit round a planet, moon or star. + + atmospheric humidity A measurable quantity of the moisture content found in the earth's atmosphere. + pilotage The service provided by a pilot, one who controls the movements of a ship or aircraft by visual or electronic means. + + + pilot plant A small version of a planned industrial plant, built to gain experience in operating the final plant. + + pilot project A small scale experiment or set of observations undertaken to decide how and whether to launch a full-scale project. + + pinniped Belonging to the Pinnipedia, an order of aquatic placental mammals having a streamlined body and limbs specialized as flippers: includes seals, sea lions, and the walrus. + atmospheric layering Any one of a number of strata or layers of the earth's atmosphere; temperature distribution is the most common criterion used for denoting the various shell. Also known as atmospheric shell; atmospheric region. + + @@ -26302,23 +44422,35 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. pipeline A line of pipe connected to valves and other control devices, for conducting fluids, gases, or finely divided solids. + + + + pipe A tube made of metal, clay, plastic, wood, or concrete and used to conduct a fluid, gas, or finely divided solid. + + + + + plain An extensive, broad tract of level or rolling, almost treeless land with a shrubby vegetation, usually at a low elevation. + plan A scheme of action, a method of proceeding thought out in advance. + + @@ -26339,22 +44471,30 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. plane source Pollution which arises from various activities with no discrete source. + + plankton Small organisms (animals, plants, or microbes) passively floating in water. + + planned urban development Any physical extension of, or changes to, the uses of land in metropolitan areas following certain preparations or designs. + + + planning The act of making a detailed scheme for attaining an objective. + @@ -26372,11 +44512,13 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. atmospheric model A simulation, pattern or plan designed to demonstrate the structure or workings of the atmosphere surrounding any object, including the Earth. + planning law A binding rule or body of rules prescribed by a government to organize, designate and regulate land use within its domain through zoning laws, subdivision regulations, rent and sign controls, growth management and other measures designed to protect human health and ecological integrity. + @@ -26385,6 +44527,9 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. planning measure A procedure or course of action taken to design, organize or prepare for the future. + + + @@ -26399,16 +44544,19 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. planning permission An authorization, license or equivalent control document issued by a government agency that approves a step by step method and process of defining, developing and outlining various possible courses of action to meet existing or future needs, goals and objectives. + Planning-Programming-Budgeting System A system to achieve long-term goals or objectives by means of analysis and evaluation of the alternatives. PPB is designed to solve problems by finding the most effective and most efficient solution on the basis of objective criteria. + plant breeding Raising a certain type of plant by crossing one variety with another to produce a new variety where the desired characteristics are strongest. + @@ -26416,6 +44564,7 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. plant community Any group of plants belonging to a number of different species that co-occur in the same habitat or area and interact through trophic and spatial relationships; typically characterized by reference to one or more dominant species. + @@ -26423,6 +44572,7 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. plant component The constituent parts of a plant. + @@ -26433,6 +44583,8 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. plant disease + + @@ -26441,20 +44593,26 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. plant equipment The equipment, including machinery, tools, instruments, and fixtures necessary for an industrial or manufacturing operation. + plant genetics The scientific study of the hereditary material of plants for purposes such as hybridization, improved food resources and increased production. + + plant health care + atmospheric monitoring A practice of continuous atmospheric sampling by various levels of government or particular industries. + + @@ -26463,22 +44621,29 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. plant protection product Any substance or mixture of substances which through physiological action protects the plants against parasites, fungi, virus, or other damaging factors. + + + plantigrade Pertaining to mammals walking with the whole sole of the foot touching the ground. + planting The establishment of trees by planting seedlings, transplants, or cuttings. + plant physiology The study of the function and chemical reactions within the various organs of plants. + + @@ -26488,16 +44653,24 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. plant protection Conservation of plant species that may be rare or endangered, and of other plants of particular significance. + + testing of plant protection products Tests performed to establish the effectiveness of pesticides under a wide variety of climatic and other environmental conditions; to assess the possible side effects on animals, plants and humans and to determine the persistence of pesticide residues in the environment. + + + atmospheric ozone A triatomic molecule of oxygen; a natural constituent of the atmosphere, with the highest concentrations in the ozone layer or stratosphere; it is found at a level between 15 and 30 km above the Earth, which prevents harmful ultraviolet B radiation, which causes skin cancer and threatens plant life, from reaching the ground. The fragile shield is being damaged by chemicals released on Earth. The main chemicals that are depleting stratospheric ozone are chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs), which are used in refrigerators, aerosols and as cleaners in many industries and halons, which are used in fire extinguishers. The damage is caused when these chemicals release highly reactive forms of chlorine and bromine. + + + @@ -26507,6 +44680,7 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. plant (biology) Any living organism that typically synthesizes its food from inorganic substances, possesses cellulose cell walls, responds slowly and often permanently to a stimulus, lacks specialized sense organs and nervous system, and has no powers of locomotion. + @@ -26526,12 +44700,17 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. plant textile fibre Natural textile fibres of vegetal origin. + plant trade Trade of plants is subjected to regulations established by the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species (CITES). + + + + @@ -26540,65 +44719,86 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.plasma technology 1) Common name for a number of industrial applications of plasma, such as: etching of semiconductor chips, deposition of silicon for solar cell production, deposition of silicon dioxide for passivation of surfaces, activation of surfaces, melting and welding with plasma arcs as well as plasma chemistry. 2) Plasma technology consists of minute gas-filled cells, which emit light when an electric current is channelled through them. + + plastic A polymeric material (usually organic) of large molecular weight which can be shaped by flow; usually refers to the final product with fillers, plasticizers, pigments, and stabilizers included (versus the resin, the homogeneous polymeric starting material); examples are polyvinyl chloride, polyethylene, and urea-formaldehyde. + atmospheric particulate A concentration of fine liquid or solid particles, such as dust, smoke, mist, fumes or smog, found in the atmosphere. + plastic waste Any discarded plastic (organic, or synthetic, material derived from polymers, resins or cellulose) generated by any industrial process, or by consumers. + + platinum A ductile malleable silvery-white metallic element very resistant to heat and chemicals. It occurs free and in association with other platinum metals, especially in osmiridium; used in jewellery, laboratory apparatus, electrical contacts, dentistry, electroplating, and as a catalyst. + playground A piece of land used for recreation, especially by children, often including equipment such as swings and slides. + + atmospheric physics The study of the physical phenomena of the atmosphere. + + plutonium A highly toxic metallic transuranic element. It occurs in trace amounts in uranium ores and is produced in a nuclear reactor by neutron bombardment of uranium-238. The most stable and important isotope, plutonium-239, readily undergoes fission and is used as a reactor fuel in nuclear power stations and in nuclear weapons. + poaching To catch game, fish, etc. illegally by trespassing on private property. + + point source Pollution from a discrete source, such as a septic tank, a sewer, a discharge type, a landfill, a factory or waste water treatment works discharging to a watercourse; stack emission from an industrial process; or spillage from an underground storage tank leaching into groundwater. + + poison A substance which, when ingested, inhaled, or absorbed, or when applied to, injected into, or developed within the body, in relatively small amounts, may cause injury, harm, or destruction to organs, tissue, or life. + + + + poisoning The morbid condition produced by a poison which may be swallowed, inhaled, injected, or absorbed through the skin. + @@ -26608,6 +44808,8 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. atmospheric pollution The presence in the air of one or more contaminants in such a concentration and of such duration as to cause a nuisance or to be injurious to human life, animal life or vegetation. + + @@ -26617,6 +44819,8 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. polar ecosystem The interacting systems of the biological communities and their nonliving environmental surroundings located in the regions where the air temperature is perennially below 10° Celsius, usually at and near the North and South Poles. + + @@ -26624,6 +44828,9 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. polar region Area relating to the earth's poles or the area inside the Arctic or Antarctic Circles. + + + @@ -26631,28 +44838,36 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. polder A generally fertile tract of flat, low-lying land (as in Netherlands and Belgium) reclaimed and protected from the sea, a lake, a river, or other body of water by the use of embankments, dikes, dams, or levees. The term is usually reserved for coastal areas that are at or below sea level and that are constantly protected by an organized system of maintenance and defense. + + police Branch of the government which is charged with the preservation of public order, the promotion of public health and safety, and the prevention, detection, and punishment of crimes. + police law A binding rule or body of rules prescribed by a government to regulate the employment and tactics of police or other civil agents organized to maintain order, prevent and detect crimes and promote obedience to civil regulations and authority. + atmospheric precipitation The settling out of water from cloud in the form of dew, rain, hail, snow, etc. + + + policy + @@ -26679,10 +44894,12 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. + politics The theory and practice of acquiring and exercising the power to govern in a society in order to arbitrate values, allocate resources and establish and enforce rules. + @@ -26691,11 +44908,13 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. policy guideline + policy instrument The method or mechanism used by government, political parties, business or individuals to achieve a desired effect, through legal or economic means. + @@ -26716,6 +44935,7 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. policy integration The process of coordinating, harmonizing and unifying the goals and procedures of various offices or units of an organization. + @@ -26723,6 +44943,8 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. conservation policy The guiding procedure, philosophy or course of action for preserving and renewing human and natural resources. + + @@ -26731,31 +44953,37 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. policy planning The process of making arrangements or preparations to facilitate any course of action that may be adopted and pursued by government, business or some other organization. + political counselling + political doctrine A policy, position or principle advocated, taught or put into effect concerning the acquisition and exercise of the power to govern or administrate in society. + political ecology + political geography The study of the effects of political actions on human geography, involving the spatial analysis of political phenomena. + political organisation A group of persons organized to seek or exercise power in governmental or public affairs, by supporting candidates for office or by lobbying for action and mobilizing support for bills or governmental policies. + @@ -26763,16 +44991,21 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. political party An organized group that has as its fundamental aim the attainment of political power and public office for its designated leaders. Usually, a political party will advertise a common commitment by its leaders and its membership to a set of political, social, economic and/or cultural values. + political power The might, ability or authority of governments, citizens groups and other interested parties in enacting change or in influencing or controlling the outcome of governmental or public policies affecting a nation, region or municipality. + atmospheric process Atmospheric processes are distinguished in physical and chemical processes and both types may be operating simultaneously in complicated and interdependent ways. The physical processes of transport by atmospheric winds and the formation of clouds and precipitation strongly influence the patterns and rates of acidic deposition, while chemical reactions govern the forms of the compounds deposited. + + + @@ -26781,12 +45014,14 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. pollen Microspores of seed-producing plants. Each pollen grain contains a much-reduced male gametophyte. Pollen grains are transferred by wind, water, birds or other animals. + pollutant Any substance, usually a residue of human activity, which has an undesirable effect upon the environment. + @@ -26809,12 +45044,14 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. pollutant absorption The process by which a pollutant is physically incorporated into another substance or body. + pollutant accumulation The process by which concentrations of pollutants progressively increase in the tissues of living organisms in environments where these pollutants are present. + @@ -26822,17 +45059,22 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. pollutant analysis The determination of the composition of any substance that causes pollution, using classical laboratory techniques and other methods involving analytical chemistry. + + atmospheric science The atmospheric sciences study the dynamics, physics and chemistry of atmospheric phenomena and processes, including the interactions of the atmosphere with soil physics, hydrology and oceanic circulation. The research focuses on the following areas: turbulence and convection, atmospheric radiation and remote sensing, aerosol and cloud physics and chemistry, planetary atmospheres, air-sea interactions, climate, and statistical meteorology. + + pollutant assessment + @@ -26841,6 +45083,7 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. pollutant behaviour + @@ -26853,11 +45096,13 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. pollutant concentration A measure of the amount of a polluting substance in a given amount of water, soil, air, food or other medium. + pollutant degradation The physical, chemical or biological breakdown of a complex polluting material into simpler components. + @@ -26866,11 +45111,13 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. pollutant deposition The act or process in which polluting agents settle or accumulate naturally in ecosystems. + pollutant dispersion The spreading of pollutants from a point of release in air, soil and water. The dispersion of air pollutants is heavily influenced by how and where the pollutant is emitted, e.g., by continuous low-level versus accidental releases, multiple stacks versus a few, or the height of the stacks. The nature of the local terrain meteorology and the chemistry of the released material strongly influence the pattern of regional and, finally, global dispersion and transport. + @@ -26878,6 +45125,7 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. pollutant distribution Arrangement, or pattern, associated with the occurrence of pollutants over a geographical area. + @@ -26885,6 +45133,8 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. atmospheric structure The gaseous area surrounding the planet is divided into several concentric spherical strata (layers, like shells) separated by narrow transition zones. The boundaries are know as "pause". More than 99% of the total atmospheric mass is concentrated in the first 40 km from the Earth's surface. Atmospheric layers are characterized by differences in chemical composition that produce variations in temperature. + + @@ -26894,6 +45144,7 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. pollutant elimination The process of completely removing a pollutant's source as well as the pollutant itself. + @@ -26903,6 +45154,7 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. pollutant emission Release of polluting substances in the air, water and soil from a given source and measured at the immission point. + @@ -26917,42 +45169,57 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. pollutant exposure The act or state of being subjected to a substance that adversely affects human health, property or the environment. + + + pollutant formation The act or process in which polluting agents are created, produced or formed. + pollutant immission The transfer of solid, liquid, or gaseous contaminants in the air, water, and soil. + + + pollutant immobilisation The treatment process used to reduce the solubility of pollutants in order to minimize possible migration or leaching or to prepare for their disposal. + pollutant level A value representing the concentration of a polluting agent in a specified area, often determined by a measuring and recording device. + pollutant load The amount of polluting material that a transporting agent, such as a stream, a glacier, or the wind, is actually carrying at a given time. + pollutant mobilisation + pollutant monitoring Periodic or continuous determination of the amount of pollutants present in the environment. + + + + @@ -26961,6 +45228,7 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. pollutant pathway The retraceable route of a pollutant, from its source, through its interactions with the environment, and finally to its effect upon a target ecosystem or target organisms. + @@ -26973,29 +45241,38 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. pollutant reduction All measures aimed at reducing pollutants often through physical or chemical removal of toxic, or potentially toxic, materials. + pollutant remobilisation + pollutant source identification + + polluted matter A solid, liquid or gas that has been contaminated, rendered impure or made unsafe for use. + polluter-pays principle The principle that those causing pollution should meet the costs to which it gives rise. + + + pollution The indirect or direct alteration of the biological, thermal, physical, or radioactive properties of any medium in such a way as to create a hazard or potential hazard to human health or to the health, safety or welfare of any living species. + @@ -27009,6 +45286,9 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. pollution abatement The reduction in degree or intensity of pollution in soil, rivers, lakes, seas, atmosphere, etc. + + + @@ -27020,6 +45300,10 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. pollution abatement equipment Equipment for the reduction in degree or intensity of pollution. + + + + @@ -27030,6 +45314,9 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. pollution control Chemical and physical methods to lessen discharges of most pollutants; for carbon dioxide there is, at present, no economic or practical way to reduce the quantities discharged except by reduced fossil fuel usage. Most specific means for removing pollutants from emissions include flue-gas desulphurisation, fluidised combustion, catalytic converters and the redesign of equipment, such as furnace burners and car engines, to lessen the production of pollutants. + + + @@ -27038,29 +45325,39 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. pollution control equipment Devices for the reduction and/or removal of those emissions to the environment which have the potential to cause pollution. + + + pollution control regulation A body of rules or orders prescribed by government, management or an international organization or treaty in which limits are established for the emission of substances that harm or adversely alter the environment and human health. + + pollution control technology Methods used to reduce the amount of contaminants discharged from a source. + + pollution criterion Standard established for certain pollutants which limits their concentration. + + pollution effect The main pollution effects concern human health and cover all aspects of the physical environment - air, water and land, including the effects of climate change. Human activities which are sources of pollution arise from domestic, commercial, industrial and military sectors and their effects are influenced by various issues, trends and public sector programmes, such as safe water and food, management of waste, increasing use of chemicals in agriculture, and urbanization. Types of pollutants which are negatively impacting health include litter, toxic chemicals, nuclear waste, lead, spoil from mining, food and water contaminants; and the polluting effects of over-population. + @@ -27070,16 +45367,26 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. pollution indicator Organisms, mostly plants, which are most sensitive to slight changes in environmental factors. When identified their reaction can serve as an early warning of the endangerment of the health of a community. + + + + pollution liability Liability for injuries arising from the release of hazardous substances or pollutants or contaminants. + + pollution load The amount of stress placed upon an ecosystem by pollution, physical or chemical, released into it by man-made or natural means. + + + + @@ -27092,6 +45399,8 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. pollution measurement The assessment of the concentration of pollutants for a given time in a given point. + + @@ -27099,27 +45408,42 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. pollution monitoring The quantitative or qualitative measure of the presence, effect or level of any polluting substance in air, water or soil. + + + + pollution norm + + + + pollution risk Probability of harm to human health, property or the environment posed by the introduction of an undesirable substance into the ecosystem. + + pollution sink Vehicle for removal of a chemical or gas from the atmosphere-biosphere-ocean system, in which the substance is absorbed into a permanent or semi-permanent repository, or else transformed into another substance. A carbon sink, for example, might be the ocean (which absorbs and holds carbon from other parts of carbon cycle) or photosynthesis (which converts atmospheric carbon into plant material). Sinks are a fundamental factor in the ongoing balance which determines the concentration of every greenhouse gas in the atmosphere. If the sink is greater than the sources of a gas, its concentration in the atmosphere will decrease; if the source is greater than the sink, the concentration will increase. + + + source of pollution The place, places or areas from where a pollutant is released into the atmosphere or water, or where noise is generated. A source can be classified as point source, i.e. a large individual generator of pollution, an area source, or a line source, e.g. vehicle emissions and noise. + + @@ -27130,32 +45454,38 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. polybrominated biphenyl A chemical substance the composition of which, without regard to impurities, consists of brominated biphenyl molecules. + polychlorinated biphenyl PCBs are a family of chemical compounds which do not exist in nature but which are man-made. Commercial mixtures are clear, pale yellow liquids, manufactured by the replacement of hydrogen atoms on the biphenyl molecule by chlorine. Because of their physical properties, PCBs are commonly found in electrical equipment which requires dielectric fluid such as power transformers and capacitors, as well as in hydraulic machinery, vacuum pumps, compressors and heat-exchanger fluids. Other uses include: lubricants, fluorescent light ballasts, paints, glues, waxes, carbonless copy paper, inks including newspapers, dust-control agents for dirt roads, solvents for spreading insecticides, cutting oils. PCBs are stable compounds and although they are no longer manufactured they are extremely persistent and remain in huge quantities in the atmosphere and in landfill sites. They are not water-soluble and float on the surface of water where they are eaten by aquatic animals and so enter the food chain. PCBs are fat-soluble, and are therefore easy to take into the system, but difficult to excrete. + polychlordibenzo-p-dioxin PCDD are formed (along with variants including furans) when compounds containing chlorine are burnt at low temperature in improperly operated/designed domestic refuse and industrial waste incinerators where PCDDs can be found in both the flue gases and the fly ash. + polychlorinated dibenzofuran A family containing 135 individual, colorless compounds known as congeners with varying harmful health and environmental effects. They are produced as unwanted compounds during the manufacture of several chemicals and consumer products such as wood treatment chemicals, some metals, and paper products; also produced from the burning of municipal and industrial waste in incinerators, from exhaust of leaded gasoline, heat, or production of electricity. They are hazardous to the respiratory system, gastrointestinal system, liver, musculoskeletal system, skin and nervous system; and are toxic by inhalation, ingestion, and contact. Symptoms of exposure include frequent coughing, severe respiratory infections, chronic bronchitis, abdominal pain, muscle pain, acne rashes, skin color changes, unexpected weight loss, nonmalignant or malignant liver disease. + polychlorinated terphenyl Compounds consisting of three benzene rings linked to each other in either ortho, meta or para positions and substituted with chlorine atoms. + polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon Hydrocarbons containing two or more closed rings of atoms. + @@ -27163,6 +45493,7 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. polycyclic hydrocarbon Hydrocarbon molecule with two or more nuclei; examples are naphtalene, with two benzene rings side by side, or diphenyl, with two bond-connected benzene rings. Also known as polynuclear hydrocarbon. + @@ -27170,55 +45501,69 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.polyethylene terephtalate 1) A thermoplastic polyester resin made from ethylene glycol and terephthalic acid; melts at 265°C; used to make films or fibers. 2) Type of plastic used to make artificial fibres and plastic bottles, which can be recycled. + polymerisation 1) The bonding of two or more monomers to produce a polymer. 2) Any chemical reaction that produces such a bonding. + polymer Substance made of giant molecules formed by the union of simple molecules (monomers). + + polyvinyl chloride Polymer of vinyl chloride; tasteless, odourless; insoluble in most organic solvents; a member of the family of vinyl resins. + + pond A natural body of standing fresh water occupying a small surface depression, usually smaller than a lake and larger than a pool. + + tailings pond Any collection of liquid effluents or wastewater drained or separated out during the processing of crops or mineral ores. + pool A small, natural body of standing water, usually fresh; e.g. a stagnant body of water in a marsh, or a still body of water within a cave. + + population distribution The density, dispersal pattern and apportionment of the total number of persons in any area. + population dynamics The process of numerical and structural change within populations resulting from births, deaths, and movements. + population (ecological) A group of organisms of one species, occupying a defined area. + @@ -27227,22 +45572,27 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. population ecology The study of the interaction of a particular species or genus population with its environment. + + population growth An increase in the total number of inhabitants of a country, city, district or area. + population movement Any shift or migration of a statistically significant number of persons inhabiting a country, district or area. + population structure The organization of, and inter-relationships among, inhabitants of a given region, country or city. + @@ -27254,6 +45604,7 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. population trend The direction of change in the total number of persons inhabiting a country, city, district or area. + @@ -27261,55 +45612,77 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. post-treatment Treatment of treated water or wastewater to improve the water quality. + + + attribution Under certain circumstances, the tax law applies attribution rules to assign to one taxpayer the ownership interest of another taxpayer. + potash Any of several compounds containing potassium, especially soluble compounds such as potassium oxide, potassium chloride, and various potassium sulfates, used chiefly in fertilizers. + + rock salt mining Rock salt mining is an underground mining process in which the salt is physically dug out of the ground in an operation involving drilling, blasting and crushing the rock. The major percentage of this output is used for winter road maintenance. + + poultry Domesticated fowl grown for their meat and eggs. + + poultry farming One of the commonest of agricultural occupations. Many urban households and many farms maintain some chickens for both meat and eggs. + + poverty State in which the individual lacks the resources necessary for subsistence. + + power company Company which is responsible for the supply and distribution of electric energy to a given area. + + + power-heat relation The ratio of the work done by an engine to the heat supplied. + + power station A stationary plant containing apparatus for large-scale conversion of some form of energy (such as hydraulic, steam, chemical, or nuclear energy) into electrical energy. + + + @@ -27318,68 +45691,88 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. precipitation (chemical) The process of producing a separable solid phase within a liquid medium; represents the formation of a new condensed phase, such as a vapour or gas condensing to liquid droplets; a new solid phase gradually precipitates within a solid alloy as a result of slow, inner chemical reaction; in analytical chemistry, precipitation is used to separate a solid phase in an aqueous solution. + + + precipitation enhancement Increase of precipitation resulting from changes in the colloidal stability of clouds. This can be either intentional, as with cloud seeding, or unintentional, as with air pollution, which increases aerosol concentrations and reduces sunlight. + predator Animal which kills and eats other animals. + prefabricated building Building whose sections are manufactured in specialized factories and later transported and assembled on a building site. + audiovisual media Any means of communication transmitted to both the sense of hearing and the sense of sight, especially technologies directed to large audiences. + + preliminary proceedings Any introductory action in the judicial process designed to determine the need for further court involvement or to expedite a motion that requires immediate attention. + premium Amount to be paid for a contract of insurance or life assurance. + + preservation of evidence To maintain and keep safe from harm, destruction or decay any species of proof legally presented at the trial of an issue, including witnesses, records, documents, exhibits and concrete objects. + preservative A chemical added to foodstuffs to prevent oxidation, fermentation or other deterioration, usually by inhibiting the growth of bacteria. + + preserve + press Printed matter as a whole, especially newspapers and periodicals. + + pressing The application of a pressure to squeeze out the juice or contents of a fruit, seed, etc. + + pressure A type of stress which is exerted uniformly in all directions; its measure is the force exerted per unit area. + @@ -27388,6 +45781,7 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. pressure group Any politically active group with a common set of values about resource use allocation. Pressure groups seek to influence decisions on resource use allocation in excess of their proportional representation in the planned-for populace by seeking preferential consideration for their resource use choices. + @@ -27396,6 +45790,7 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. actinide A group of 15 radioactive elements some of which occur naturally while others are produced in nuclear reactions. They include plutonium, americium and neptunium. The health hazard presented by the actinides, if they are released into the environment, comes from the potency of their radioactive characteristics. They are alpha-emitters, and therefore can cause intense localized damage in tissues if absorbed into the body. + @@ -27403,6 +45798,7 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. preventive health measure + @@ -27411,6 +45807,9 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. price The amount of money paid per unit for a good or service. + + + @@ -27423,11 +45822,14 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. pricing policy of resources The guiding procedure or philosophy for decisions regarding the monetary rate or value of a country or region's resources, including natural resources, human resources and capital, or man-made goods. + + authority body An organized assemblage of authorized persons or officials empowered to implement and enforce laws, oversee jurisdictions, settle disputes, adjudicate or make some other legal determination. + @@ -27440,38 +45842,47 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. primary education The first five or six years of instruction in elementary schools. + primary energy consumption Consumption of energy used in the same form as in its naturally occurring state, for example crude oil, coal, natural gas, e.g. before it is converted into electricity. + + primary sector That part of a country's or region's economy that makes direct use of natural resources, including agriculture, forestry, fishing and the fuel, metal and mining industries. + authorisation An official certification of competence or a transfer of the right and power to act, including permission from government to use state funds for a particular program or project. + primate Order of mammals containing monkeys, apes, and human beings. + primary forest Forest which originally covered a region before changes in the environment brought about by people. + + precautionary principle Principle adopted by the UN Conference on Environment and Development (1992) that in order to protect the environment, a precautionary approach should be widely applied, meaning that where there are threats of serious or irreversible damage to the environment, lack of full scientific certainty should not be used as a reason for postponing cost-effective measures to prevent environmental degradation. + @@ -27479,6 +45890,8 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. principle of sustainability Principle stated by the World Commission on Environment and Development (The Bruntland Commission) in 1987: development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the needs of future generations. Sustainable development is a process of integrating economic, social and ecological goals, and should not mean a trade-off between the environment and development. Sustainable development should imply balance rather than conflict. + + @@ -27486,42 +45899,53 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. printing industry A sector of the economy in which an aggregate of commercial enterprises is engaged in the reproduction of written text or images in multiple copies such as books, periodicals, newspapers or other similar formats. + printing work The art, process or business of producing reproductions of written text or images in multiple copies, in book, periodical or newspaper formats, or in other similar formats. + prior informed consent + prior notification for hazardous waste transport A formal announcement and, often, a request for permission to the proper governmental authorities of the intention to convey across political borders potentially harmful materials that have been left over from manufacturing or testing processes. + + private car Transportation mean belonging to an individual person. + + + private household Living quarters where a group of persons (family) live together. + private law The branch of law dealing with such aspects of relationships between individuals that are of no direct concern to the state. + autoecology That part of ecology which deals with individual species and their reactions to environmental factors. + @@ -27537,26 +45961,32 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. private sector Segment of the economy not run by government, including households, sole traders, partnerships and companies. + private transport Transport performed with private means. + privatisation The transfer of ownership or control of a government enterprise or other governmental property to a non-public, non-official company, organization or individual, either through sale or through the establishment of a special enterprise outside direct government control. + + proboscidean An order of herbivorous placental mammals characterized by having a proboscis, incisors enlarged to become tusks, and pillarlike legs with five toes bound together on a broad pad. + procaryote Organisms (i.e. prokaryotes) whose genetic material (filaments of DNA) is not enclosed by a nuclear membrane, and that do not possess mitochondria or plastids. Bacteria and cyanophyta are the only prokaryotic organisms. + @@ -27564,16 +45994,19 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. procedural law Law which prescribes method of enforcing rights or obtaining redress for their invasion. Laws which fix duties, establish rights and responsibilities among and for persons, natural or otherwise, are "substantive laws" in character, while those which merely prescribe the manner in which such rights and responsibilities may be exercised and enforced in a court are "procedural laws". + automatic detection The processing, discovery and identification of data elements by automated means. + processing The act of converting material from one form into another desired form. + @@ -27584,21 +46017,26 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. process technology Any technical strategies, methods or tools used for the conception, design, development or implementation of any system. + process water Water used in a manufacturing or treatment process or in the actual product manufactured. Examples would include water used for washing, rinsing, direct contact, cooling, solution make-up, chemical reactions, and gas scrubbing in industrial and food processing applications. In many cases, water is specifically treated to produce the quality of water needed for the process. + + producer liability Obligations, responsibilities or debts imposed upon all members of an industry that manufactures or produces a product or service causing injury or harm to a consumer and apportioned according to each member's share of the market for the product. + product Something produced by human or mechanical effort or by a natural process. + @@ -27610,10 +46048,16 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. product comparison Comparison of products or processes to identify those having reduced environmental impacts. + + + product evaluation + + + @@ -27621,6 +46065,9 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. product identification Attaching a notice to a product or container bearing information concerning its contents, proper use, manufacturer and any cautions or hazards of use. + + + @@ -27628,44 +46075,60 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. product information Factual, circumstantial and, often, comparative knowledge concerning various goods, services or events, their quality and the entities producing them. + + productivity The amount of output or yield per unit of input or expenditure achieved by a company, industry or country. + + productivity trend The general direction or tendency in the measurement of the production of goods and services having exchange value. + product liability 1) The legal liability of manufacturers and sellers to compensate buyers, users, and even bystanders, for damages or injuries suffered because of defects in goods purchased. 2) A tort which makes a manufacturer liable if his product has a defective condition that makes it unreasonably dangerous to the user or consumer. + product standard A standard which prescribes aspects of the physical or chemical composition of products which have potential for causing environmental damage or the handling, presentation and packaging of products, particularly those which are toxic. + profit An excess of the receipts over the spending, costs and expenses of a business or other commercial entity during any period. + automobile industry + + + prognostic data + + + + programme + @@ -27677,11 +46140,14 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. progress line A diagrammatic presentation of observed data in the sequence of their occurrence in time, in the context of water flow. + + prohibition An interdiction or forbidding of an activity or action by authority or law. + @@ -27689,6 +46155,7 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. project The complex of actions, which have a potential for resulting in a physical change in the environment. + @@ -27696,17 +46163,24 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. propagation process Process by which a disturbance at one point is propagated to another point more remote from the source with no net transport of the material of the medium itself; examples include the motion of electromagnetic waves, sound waves, hydrodynamic waves in liquids, and vibration waves in solids. + + + + propellant A gas used in aerosol preparations to expel the liquid contents through an atomizer. + + properties of materials The physical and chemical characteristics of the substances or parts of which a thing or object is made. + @@ -27728,26 +46202,34 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. property protection That benefit or safety which the government affords to the citizens to insure their individual or corporate right to exclusive enjoyment and disposal of property, money and any other thing tangible or intangible that represents a source of income or wealth. + propulsion technique Technique for causing a body to move by exerting a force against it. + + prosecution The pursuit of legal proceedings, particularly criminal proceedings. + prosperity State of being prosperous; wealth or success. + + protected area Portions of land protected by special restrictions and laws for the conservation of the natural environment. They include large tracts of land set aside for the protection of wildlife and its habitat; areas of great natural beauty or unique interest; areas containing rare forms of plant and animal life; areas representing unusual geologic formation; places of historic and prehistoric interest; areas containing ecosystems of special importance for scientific investigation and study; and areas which safeguard the needs of the biosphere. + + @@ -27770,36 +46252,50 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. protected landscape Natural or man-made areas which have been reserved for conservation, scientific, educational and/or recreational purposes. + + protected species Threatened, vulnerable or endangered species which are protected from extinction by preventive measures. + + water protection area Area surrounding a water recovery plant in which certain forms of soil utilization are restricted or prohibited in order to protect the groundwater. + + + protection from neighbours + + protection of birds + + protection of species Measures adopted for the safeguarding of species, of their ecosystems and their biodiversity. + + protection system A series of procedures and devices designed to preserve people, property or the environment from injury or harm. + @@ -27807,76 +46303,94 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. protein Any of a class of high-molecular weight polymer compounds composed of a variety of alfa-amino acids joined by peptide linkages. + + protocol 1) The original draft of a document. 2) An international agreement of a less formal nature than a treaty. It is often used to amend treaties. + + protozoan A diverse phylum of eukaryotic microorganisms; the structure varies from a simple uninucleate protoplast to colonial forms, the body is either naked or covered by a test, locomotion is by means of pseudopodia or cilia or flagella, there is a tendency toward universal symmetry in floating species and radial symmetry in sessile types, and nutrition may be phagotrophic or autotrophic or saprozoic. + province A geographic area of some considerable extent, smaller than a continent but larger than a region, which is unified by some or all of its characteristics and which can therefore be studied as a whole. A faunal province, for example, has a particular assemblage of animal species, which differs from assemblages in different contemporaneous environments elsewhere. + regional authority The power of a government agency or its administrators to administer and implement laws and government policies applicable to a specific geographical area, usually falling under the jurisdiction of two or more states. + psychic effect A result or consequence stemming from mental processes that create or influence human consciousness and emotions. + psychological effect + psychological stress Strain or disequilibrium of the mind especially in its affective or cognitive functions, or the physical or mental stimulus, agent or experience that causes such an imbalance. + psychology The science that deals with the functions of the mind and the behaviour of an organism in relation to its environment. + + psychosomatic effect Any result pertaining to the influence of the mind or higher functions of the brain upon the operations of the body, particularly bodily disorders or diseases. + psychosomatic illness Illness arising from or aggravated by a mind-body relationship. + avalanche A fall or slide of a large mass, as of snow or rock, down a mountainside. + + public access to land The right or permission for all persons of a community to use government owned geographic areas such as parks, campgrounds and historical sites. + public action A measure or provision taken on behalf and with the consent of the general populace. + @@ -27884,36 +46398,54 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. public bath A place having baths for public use. + + + + public building A building to which there is free access by the public and which is available for the use of a community. + + public domain That which can be accessed, used and shared by the general populace without restrictions, penalties or fees. + + + + public emergency limit + + + + + public finance The theory and practice of governmental money matters, including taxation, spending, transfer and property incomes, borrowing, debt and revenue management. + public financing The act of obtaining or furnishing money or capital for a program, purchase or enterprise from the general population of a community or state, usually through government allocation of tax revenues. + public health The discipline in health science that, at the level of the community or the public, aims at promoting prevention of disease, sanitary living, laws, practices and a healthier environment. + @@ -27924,24 +46456,30 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. public hearing Right to appear and give evidence and also right to hear and examine witnesses whose testimony is presented by opposing parties. + actinium A radioactive element of the actinide series, occurring as a decay product of uranium. It is used as an alpha particle source and in neutron production. + avalanche protection The total of measures and devices implemented to protect people, property or natural resources from avalanche conditions, including avalanche forecasting and warning, avalanche zoning, ski testing and the use of explosives and other equipment to stabilize an avalanche area. + + public information Factual or circumstantial knowledge or the service, office or station providing this knowledge for an entire population or community, without restriction. + + @@ -27955,6 +46493,7 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. public law A general classification of law, consisting generally of constitutional, administrative, criminal and international law, concerned with the organization of the state, the relations between the state and the people who compose it, the responsibilities of public officers to the state, to each other, and to private persons, and the relations of states to one other. The branch or department of law which is concerned with the state in its political or sovereign capacity, including constitutional and administrative law, and with the definition, regulation, and enforcement of rights in cases where the state is regarded as the subject of the right or object of the duty, - including criminal law and criminal procedure, - and the law of the state, considered in its quasi private personality, i.e., as capable of holding or exercising rights, or acquiring and dealing with property, in the character of an individual. + @@ -27963,42 +46502,58 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. public opinion The purported, collective view of the public on some issue or problem, typically formulated by selective polling or sampling, and frequently used as a guide to action or decision. + public opinion polling The canvassing of a representative sample of a large group of people on some question in order to determine the general opinion of a group. + + public park Park with big trees, ornamental plants, alleys bordered by trees or bushes, fountains and statues situated in a town and whose access is free. + + + + public participation The involvement, as an enfranchised citizen, in public matters, with the purpose of exerting influence. + public-private partnership A joint venture between corporations and government or between community members and government or business beyond the course of normal interaction. + public procurement The governmental process of purchasing supplies, equipment and services, or purchasing contracts to secure the provision of supplies, equipment and services, which are often sold by the private sector. + + public prosecutor's office A government agency for which an elected or appointed attorney or staff of attorneys is vested with the authority by a constitution or statute to try cases on the government's behalf, to represent public interest or to take legal action against persons violating federal, state or local laws. + traffic route construction + + + + @@ -28006,11 +46561,14 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. public sector Segment of the economy run to some degree by government, including national and local governments, government-owned firms and quasi-autonomous non-government organizations. + public service An enterprise concerned with the provision to the public of essentials, such as electricity or water. + + @@ -28027,17 +46585,26 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. public transport The act or the means of conveying people in mass as opposed to conveyance in private vehicles. + + + public transport vehicle Vehicle for conveying large numbers of paying passengers from one place to another. + + public utility An enterprise concerned with the provision to the public of essentials, such as electricity or water. + + + + @@ -28046,6 +46613,9 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. public works Structures, as roads, dams, or post offices, paid for by government funds for public use. + + + @@ -28054,37 +46624,50 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. pulmonary disease Any disease pertaining to the lungs. + pulp The cellulosic material produced by reducing wood mechanically or chemically and used in making paper and cellulose products. Also known as wood pulp. + pulp industry A sector of the economy in which an aggregate of commercial enterprises is engaged in manufacturing and selling the soft, moist, slightly cohering mass deriving from wood that is used to produce paper sheets, cardboard and other paper products. + pump A machine that draws a fluid into itself through an entrance port and forces the fluid out through an exhaust port. + + pumping The removal of gases and vapors from a vacuum system. + + purchase The acquisition or the act of buying something by payment of money or its equivalent. + purification The removal of unwanted constituents from a substance. + + + + + @@ -28099,6 +46682,11 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. purification facility Equipment for the removal of impurities and unwanted constituents from a medium. + + + + + @@ -28111,17 +46699,26 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. purification plant Installation where impurities are removed from waste water. + + + + + + purin Any of a number of nitrogenous bases, such as guanine and adenine, that are derivatives of purine and constituents of nucleic acids and certain coenzymes. + aviation law International rules regulating air transportation. + + @@ -28129,26 +46726,36 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. pyrolysis The breaking apart of complex molecules into simpler units by the use of heat. + + + + quality assurance + + avifauna All the birds in a particular region. + quality control The inspection, analysis, and other relevant actions taken to provide control over what is being done, manufactured, or fabricated, so that a desirable level of quality is achieved and maintained. + + quality of life Quality of life is largely a matter of individual preference and perception and overlaps the concept of social well-being. Generally the emphasis is on the amount and distribution of jointly consumed public goods, such as health care and welfare services, protection against crime, regulation of pollution, preservation of fine landscapes and historic townscapes. + @@ -28158,28 +46765,37 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. quarry An open or surface working or excavation for the extraction of building stone, ore, coal, gravel, or minerals. + + + quarrying The surface exploitation and removal of stone or mineral deposits from the earth's crust. + + race relations The associations, tensions or harmony between two or more groups of people distinguished by history, culture, religion or physique: distinctions erroneously construed as being based on consistent biological differences and as representing, in effect, species of a human genus. + radar A system using beamed and reflected radiofrequency energy for detecting and locating objects, measuring distance or altitude, navigating, homing, bombing and other purposes. + + radiation Emission of any rays from either natural or man-made origins, such as radio waves, the sun's rays, medical X-rays and the fall-out and nuclear wastes produced by nuclear weapons and nuclear energy production. Radiation is usually divided between non-ionizing radiation, such as thermal radiation (heat) and light, and nuclear radiation. Non-ionizing radiation includes ultraviolet radiation from the sun which, although it can damage cells and tissues, does not involve the ionization events of nuclear radiation. + @@ -28202,6 +46818,10 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. radiation damage Somatic and genetic damage to living organisms caused by exposure to ionizing radiation. + + + + @@ -28210,55 +46830,78 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. radiation dose The total amount of radiation absorbed by material or tissues, in the sense of absorbed dose, exposure dose, or dose equivalent. + radiation effect Prolonged exposure to ionizing radiation from various sources can be harmful. Nuclear radiation from fallout from nuclear weapons or from power stations, background radiation from substances naturally present in the soil, exposure to X-rays can cause radiation sickness. Massive exposure to radiation can kill quickly and any person exposed to radiation is more likely to develop certain types of cancer than other members of the population. + + + + radiation exposure The act or state of being subjected to electromagnetic energy strong enough to ionize atoms thereby posing a threat to human health or the environment. + + + radiation monitoring The periodic or continuous surveillance or analysis of the level of radiant energy present in a given area, to determine that its prescribed amount has not been exceeded or that it meets acceptable safety standards. + radiation physics The study of ionizing radiation and its effects on matter. + + + radiation protection Precautionary actions, measures or equipment implemented to guard or defend people, property and natural resources from the harmful effects of ionizing energy. + + + radiation protection law A binding rule or body of rules prescribed by government to establish measures to keep humans and natural resources safe from harmful exposure to energy waves released by nuclear materials, electromagnetic current and other sources. + + radiation sickness The complex of symptoms characterizing the disease known as radiation injury, resulting from excessive exposure of the whole body (or large part) to ionizing radiation. The earliest of these symptoms are nausea, fatigue, vomiting, and diarrhea, which may be followed by loss of hair (epilation), hemorrhage, inflammation of the mouth and throat, and general loss of energy. + + radio The process, equipment or programming involved in transmitting and receiving sound signals by electromagnetic waves. + + radioactive contamination Contamination of a substance, living organism or site caused by radioactive material. + + @@ -28267,35 +46910,49 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. radioactive decontamination The removal of radioactive contamination which is deposited on surfaces or may have spread throughout a work area. Personnel decontamination is also included. Decontamination methods follow two broad avenues of attack, mechanical and chemical. + + + radioactive dumping Waste generated by the emission of particulate or electromagnetic radiation resulting from the decay of the nuclei of unstable elements. + + + radioactive emission The release of radioactive substances into the environment deriving from nuclear installations and from mining, purification and enrichment operations of radioactive elements. + + radioactive fallout The material that descends to the earth or water well beyond the site of a surface or subsurface nuclear explosion. + + radioactive pollutant A substance undergoing spontaneous decay or disintegration of atomic nuclei and giving off radiant energy in the form of particles or waves, often associated with an explosion of a nuclear weapon or an accidental release from a nuclear power plant, holding facility or transporting container. + + radioactive substance Any substance that contains one or more radionuclides of which the activity or the concentration cannot be disregarded as far as radiation protection is concerned. + + @@ -28303,15 +46960,21 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. radioactive tracer A radioactive isotope which, when injected into a biological or physical system, can be traced by radiation detection devices, permitting determination of the distribution or location of the substance to which it is attached. + + radioactive tracer technique + radioactive waste Any waste that emit radiation in excess of normal background level, including the toxic by-products of the nuclear energy industry. + + + @@ -28319,39 +46982,50 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. radioactive waste management The total supervision of the production, handling, processing, storage and transport of materials that contain radioactive nuclides and for which use, reuse or recovery are impractical. + + radioactivity The property possessed by some atomic nuclei of disintegrating spontaneously, with loss of energy through emission of a charged particle and/or gamma radiation. + radionuclide A nuclide that exhibits radioactivity. + + background level Term used in a variety of situations, always as the constant or natural amount of a given substance, radiation, noise, etc. + + radon A radioactive gaseous element emitted naturally from rocks and minerals where radioactive elements are present. It is released in non-coal mines, e.g. tin, iron, fluorspar, uranium. Radon is an alpha particle emitter as are its decay products and has been indicted as a cause of excessive occurrence of lung cancer in uranium miners. Concern has been expressed at radon levels in some housing usually adjacent to granite rocks or old tin mining regions. + rag Discarded textile waste, either post-consumer waste or pre-consumer waste, such as manufacturing process scraps. + + railroad vehicle + @@ -28360,6 +47034,7 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. rail traffic The movement and circulation of vehicles transporting goods and people on railroad systems. + @@ -28368,11 +47043,15 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. rail transport Transportation of goods and persons by railway. + + railway A permanent track composed of a line of parallel metal rails fixed to sleepers, for transport of passengers and goods in trains. + + @@ -28381,57 +47060,77 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. rain Precipitation in the form of liquid water drops with diameters greater than 0.5 millimeter. + + rain forest A forest of broad-leaved, mainly evergreen, trees found in continually moist climates in the tropics, subtropics, and some parts of the temperate zones. + + + background radiation Radiation resulting from natural sources, as opposed to man-made sources, and to which people are exposed in everyday, normal life; for example from rocks and soil. + rainout Process by which particles in the atmosphere act as centres round which water can form drops which then falls as rain. + + rain water Water which falls as rain from clouds. + + raising a site The building up of land by the deposition of allochthonous material, such as rocks, gravel, etc. + random test Tests which do not always yield the same result when repeated under the same conditions. + rape (plant) A Eurasian cruciferous plant, Brassica napus, that is cultivated for its seeds, which yield a useful oil, and as a fodder plant. + + rapid transit train + + rare species Species which have a restricted world range. + + raw material A crude, unprocessed or partially processed material used as feedstock for a processing operation. + + @@ -28442,22 +47141,31 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. raw material consumption The developed countries depend on a stable supply of raw materials for their industries. Total resource requirements are increasing rapidly over the entire world. In developed countries, although population is increasing slowly, per capita use is increasing rapidly, while the opposite is happening in developing countries. Traditionally raw materials have been classified as non-renewable resources, but a distinction may be important between "loosable" resources, such as oil and coal, and "non-loosable" resources, such as metals, which can be used several times over by recycling processes. + + raw material securing Measures used to ensure the provision of or the access to crude, unprocessed or partially processed materials used as feedstock for processing or manufacturing. + + reaction kinetics That branch of physical chemistry concerned with the mechanisms and rates of chemical reactions. + reactor A device that introduces either inductive or capacitive reactance into a circuit, such as a coil or capacitor. + + + + @@ -28465,6 +47173,9 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. reactor safety Those studies and activities that seek to minimise the risk of a nuclear reactor accident. + + + @@ -28472,12 +47183,16 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. reforestation The planting of trees in forest areas which have been cleared. Reforestation has become increasingly important for preventing or reversing environmental degradation and for helping to maximize economic returns on commercially forested lands. + + + bacterium Group of single-cell micro-organisms, the smallest of the living organisms. Some are vital to sustain life, while others are responsible for causing highly dangerous human diseases, such as anthrax, tetanus and tuberculosis. Bacteria are found everywhere, in the soil, water and air. + @@ -28486,30 +47201,40 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. reasonableness + recombinant DNA technology Techniques and practical applications associated with recombinant DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid artificially introduced into a cell that alters the genotype and phenotype of the cell and is replicated along with the natural DNA). + recommendation Recommendation refers to an action which is advisory in nature rather than one having any binding effect. + bacterial bed A device that removes some suspended solids from sewage. Air and bacteria decompose additional wastes filtering through the sand so that cleaner water drains from the bed. + + recording of substances + + recovery of landscape Reclamation measures taken to restore the environmental quality level of a landscape to its predisturbed condition. + + + @@ -28517,12 +47242,18 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. fauna restoration The process of returning wildlife ecosystems and habitats to their original conditions. + + abandoned industrial site Site that cannot be used for any purpose, being contaminated by pollutants, not necessarily radioactive. + + + + @@ -28531,16 +47262,22 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. bactericide An agent that destroys bacteria. + + recovery plan A formulated or systematic method for the restoration of natural resources or the reuse of materials and objects. + recreation Activities that promote refreshment of health or spirits by relaxation and enjoyment. + + + @@ -28553,6 +47290,11 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. recreational area A piece of publicly owned land, especially in a town, used for sports and games. + + + + + @@ -28562,18 +47304,27 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. recyclability Characteristic of materials that still have useful physical or chemical properties after serving their original purpose and that can, therefore, be reused or remanufactured into additional products. + + + recyclable plastic Plastic waste that can be transformed into new products. + + + recycled material Waste materials that are transformed into new products in such a manner that the original products may lose their identity. + + + @@ -28582,12 +47333,17 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. recycled paper Paper that has been separated from the solid waste stream for utilization as a raw material in the manufacture of a new product. Not all paper in the waste stream is recyclable. It may be heavily contaminated or otherwise unusable. + + + recycling A resource recovery method involving the collection and treatment of a waste product for use as raw material in the manufacture of the same or a similar product. + + @@ -28597,50 +47353,69 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. life-cycle management Management of all the stages involved in the life of a product such as raw materials acquisition, manufacturing, distribution and retail, use and re-use and maintenance, recycling and waste management, in order to create less environmentally harmful products. + + recycling management and waste law A binding rule or body of rules prescribed by government to establish and regulate provisions for the minimization of waste generation through recovery and reprocessing of re-usable products. + + bacteriology The science and study of bacteria. + + recycling potential + + recycling ratio + + redress An administrative or legal remedy that attempts to restore a person to his or her original or expected position prior to loss or injury, including breach of contract. + red tide Sea water which is covered or discoloured by the sudden growth of algal bloom or by a great increase in single-celled organisms, dinoflagellates. Red tides are often fatal to many forms of marine life and, in some cases, can result in human deaths because the dinoflagellates are eaten by clams and mussels which concentrate the paralysing toxins which they produce. + + chemical reduction Chemical reaction in which an element gains an electron. + + reed Any of various types of tall stiff grass-like plants growing together in groups near water. + reef A line of rocks in the tidal zone of a coast, submerged at high water but partly uncovered at low water. + + + @@ -28648,6 +47423,10 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. refinery A factory for the purification of some crude material such as ore, sugar, oil, etc. + + + + @@ -28655,105 +47434,145 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. refining The processing of raw material to remove impurities. + reflection The return of waves or particles from surfaces on which they are incident. + reflectometry The study of the reflectance of light or other radiant energy. + + + refrigerant A substance that by undergoing a change in phase (liquid to gas, gas to liquid) releases or absorbs a large latent heat in relation to its volume, and thus effects a considerable cooling effect. + + + refrigeration industry + + + refrigeration The cooling of substances, usually food, below the environmental temperature for preservative purposes. Refrigeration is responsible for the largest and fastest-growing use of CFCs in the developing world. The industrial countries, and some developing countries, have taken exceptional steps to control and, eventually, ban the production of CFCs and other ozone-depleting materials by the year 2000. However, many developing nations have not signed the Montreal Protocol because they are afraid that the cost of changing over to alternative, ozone-friendly technology will be too high. + + refrigerator An appliance, a cabinet, or a room for storing food or other substances at a low temperature. + + + refuge A restricted and isolated area in which plants and animals persisted during a period of continental climatic change that made surrounding areas uninhabitable; especially an ice-free or unglaciated area within or close to a continental ice sheet or upland ice cap, where hardy biotas eked out an existence during a glacial phase. It later served as a center of dispersal for the repopulation of surrounding areas after climatic readjustment. + refugee A person who is outside his country of origin and who, due to well-founded fear of persecution, is unable or unwilling to avail himself of that country protection. + refuse collection vehicle Special vehicles designed and equipped for the collection of wastes and their transportation to a waste disposal site. + + + + refuse derived fuel Fuel produced from domestic refuse, after glass and metals have been removed from it, by compressing it to form briquettes used to fuel boilers. + + + refuse-sludge compost Compost derived by the biodegradation of the organic constituents of solid wastes and wastewater sludges. The major public health issues associated with composting using solid wastes mixed with sewage sludge are pathogens, heavy metal, and odors. The heat generated during composting, as a result of the activities of thermophilic organisms, is capable of killing bacteria, viruses, protozoa and helminths present in sewage sludge. The metallic elements in sludge of greatest concern to human health are cadmium, lead, arsenic, selenium, and mercury. Only cadmium is normally found in sewage sludge at levels which, when applied to soils, can be absorbed by plants, and accumulate in edible parts, thereby entering the food chain. + + + regeneration The renewing or reuse of materials such as activated carbon, single ion exchange resins, and filter beds by appropriate means to remove organics, metals, solids, etc. + retrofitting of old plants Making changes to old industrial plants installing new equipment's and facilities for the disposal of gas emissions in the atmosphere, of waste water and waste material in soil and water. + + + region A designated area or an administrative division of a city, county or larger geographical territory that is formulated according to some biological, political, economic or demographic criteria. + regional convention An assembly of national, political party or organizational delegates representing persons or the interests of a specific geographic area, or the pact or the agreement that arises from such an assembly. + regional development The progress or advancement for a large geographical territory or a designated division of a country or state, particularly in economic growth that leads to modernization or industrialization. + regional law + regional plan The plan for a region according to some physiographic, biological, political, administrative, economic, demographic, or other criteria. + + + regional planning The step by step method and process of defining, developing and outlining various possible courses of actions to meet existing or future needs, goals and objectives for a designated area or an administrative division of a city, county or larger geographical area. + @@ -28762,51 +47581,66 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. regional regulation A body of rules or orders prescribed by government, management or an international organization or treaty pertaining to or effective within a specific territory of one or more states. + regional statistics + + regional structure The organization or arrangement of a large geographical territory or a designated division of a country or state that may be formulated according to some administrative, biological, political, economic or demographic criteria. + registration An instance of or a certificate attesting to the fact of entering in an official list various pieces of information in order to facilitate regulation or authorization, including one's name, contact information and, in some instances, data concerning a specific possession or property. + registration proceeding The course of action or record in which an individual, company or an organization formally enrolls with a government agency or an authority in order to be granted certain rights, particularly trademark or copyright privileges, or the permission to sell and distribute a product. + + renewable raw material Resources that have a natural rate of availability and yield a continual flow of services which may be consumed in any time period without endangering future consumption possibilities as long as current use does not exceed net renewal during the period under consideration. + + + regulation on maximum permissible limits A body of rules or orders prescribed by a government or an international organization or treaty establishing levels of hazardous materials in the environment or in ingestible substances beyond which human exposure is deemed health-threatening. + + ordinance A rule established by authority; a permanent rule of action; a law or statute. In its most common meaning, the term is used to designate the enactment of the legislative body. + regulative law + balance (economic) An equality between the sums total of the two sides of an account, or the excess on either side. + @@ -28814,22 +47648,28 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. regulatory control Government supervision over the obligations and rights of an industry or enterprise for the purpose of providing the public with services that are considered important, vital or necessary to most members of a community or area. + rehabilitation A conservation measure involving the correction of past abuses that have impaired the productivity of the resources base. + rehousing To provide with new or different housing. + + reintroduction Reintroduction of exterminated species in an area; it is bound to fail if the chosen animal became extinct in the area too long ago and if the area itself has undergone too many changes. Reintroduction needs years of careful planning - the approval of local population, technical conditions of the release, feeding system, protection and breeding control - and even then some unexpected problems may arise. + + @@ -28837,11 +47677,14 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. cause-effect relation The relating of causes to the effects that they produce. + release of organisms The release of organisms in the environment creates the risk that once released they may exhibit some previously unknown pathogenicity, might take over from some naturally occurring bacteria or pass on some unwanted trait to such indigenous bacteria. + + @@ -28852,22 +47695,32 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. religion The expression of man's belief in and reverence for a superhuman power recognized as the creator and governor of the universe. + action group A collection of persons united to address specific sociopolitical or socioeconomic concerns. + balancing of interests Considering, weighing or counterbalancing the competing political or financial concerns of different parts of society, including industries, consumers, trade unions and other groups or organizations. + + remote sensing 1) The scientific detection, recognition, inventory and analysis of land and water area by the use of distant sensors or recording devices such as photography, thermal scanners, radar, etc. 2) Complex of techniques for the remote measure of electromagnetic energy emitted by objects. + + + + + + @@ -28875,6 +47728,7 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. removal General term indicating the elimination of substances from a medium or from the environment. + @@ -28883,18 +47737,25 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. renaturation A process of returning natural ecosystems or habitats to their original structure and species composition. Restoration requires a detailed knowledge of the original species, ecosystem functions and interacting processes involved. + + + renewable energy source Energy sources that do not rely on fuels of which there are only finite stocks. The most widely used renewable source is hydroelectric power; other renewable sources are biomass energy, solar energy, tidal energy, wave energy, and wind energy; biomass energy does not avoid the danger of the greenhouse effect. + + renewable resource Resources capable of being continuously renewed or replaced through such processes as organic reproduction and cultivation such as those practiced in agriculture, animal husbandry, forestry and fisheries. + + @@ -28903,16 +47764,21 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. rental housing Dwelling places occupied by tenants who make periodic payments to landlords or owners for use of the facilities as residences. + repair business Any commercial activity, position or site that involves work in restoring or fixing some material thing or structure, such as by replacing parts or putting together something torn, broken or detached. + + + replacement Substitution of an atom or atomic group with a different one. + @@ -28920,26 +47786,36 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. replacement cost The amount of money involved to replace or have an item take the place of another item. + reporting process + + + + representation Any conduct or action undertaken on behalf of a person, group, business or government, often as an elected or appointed voice. + reprocessing Restoration of contaminated nuclear fuel to a usable condition. + + + reproduction (biological) Any of various processes, either sexual or asexual, by which an animal or plant produces one or more individuals similar to itself. + @@ -28950,11 +47826,13 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. reproductive manipulation The technology involved in altering in some prescribed way the genetic constitution of an organism. Typically "useful" genes, i.e. very short sequence of DNA, are isolated from one organism and inserted into the DNA of a bacterium of yeast. These microorganisms multiply rapidly and can be cultured easily, enabling large quantities of the gene product to be obtained. Reproductive manipulation has been used for the large-scale production of antibiotics, enzymes, and hormones (e.g. insulin). Organisms into which foreign DNA has been artificially inserted are called "transgenic organisms". + reptile A class of terrestrial vertebrates, characterized by the lack of hair, feathers, and mammary glands; the skin is covered with scales, they have a three chambered heart and the pleural and peritoneal cavities are continuous. + @@ -28964,12 +47842,17 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. rescue service Service organized to provide immediate assistance to persons injured or in distress. + + + + research Scientific investigation aimed at discovering and applying new facts, techniques and natural laws. + @@ -28985,6 +47868,9 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. research centre Place where systematic investigation to establish facts or principles or to collect information on a subject is performed. + + + @@ -28993,11 +47879,15 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. research project Proposal, plan or design containing the necessary information and data for conducting a specific survey. + biological reserve An area of land and/or of water designated as having protected status for purposes of preserving certain biological features. Reserves are managed primarily to safeguard these features and provide opportunities for research into the problems underlying the management of natural sites and of vegetation and animal populations. Regulations are normally imposed controlling public access and disturbance. + + + @@ -29005,6 +47895,8 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. reservoir An artificial or natural storage place for water, such as a lake or pond, from which the water may be withdrawn as for irrigation, municipal water supply, or flood control. + + @@ -29013,6 +47905,9 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. residential area Area that has only private houses, not offices and factories. + + + @@ -29020,6 +47915,8 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. residential building A building allocated for residence. + + @@ -29029,21 +47926,29 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. residential area with traffic calmings Residential zones where raised areas are built across roads so that vehicles are forced to move more slowly along it. + + + + + residual amount of water Amount of water left in a water course after it has fed a hydropower plant in order to maintain a satisfactory dry-weather-flow for allowing the survival of biotic communities. + residual risk Remaining potential for harm to persons, property or the environment following all possible efforts to reduce predictable hazards. + residual waste Material left after any waste treatment process, including industrial, urban, agricultural, mining or other similar treatments. + @@ -29054,22 +47959,31 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. residue analysis Analysis of residues from agricultural chemicals used in food crops and contained in foodstuff. The analyses use gas chromatography, liquid chromatography, mass spectrometry, immunoassays, etc. + + + + + + banking Transactional business between any bank, an institution for safeguarding, exchanging, receiving and lending money, and that bank's clients or customers. + residue recycling Recycling of material or energy which is left over or wasted in industrial processes and other human activities. Examples include waste heat and gaseous pollutants from electricity generation, slag from metal-ore refining, and garbage. A residual becomes an output or input when a technological advance creates economic opportunities for the waste. + resin Any of a class of solid or semisolid organic products of natural or synthetic origin with no definite melting point, generally of high molecular weight; most resins are polymers. + @@ -29078,22 +47992,27 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.resistance (biological) 1) The ability of a plant to overcome, retard, suppress, or prevent infection or colonization by a pathogen, parasite, or adverse abiotic factor. 2) The ability of insects, fungi, weeds, or other pests to survive normally lethal doses of an insecticide, fungicide, herbicide, or other pesticide. + resolution (act) A formal expression of the opinion of an official body or a public assembly, adopted by vote, as a legislative resolution. + resorption Absorption or, less commonly, adsorption of material by a body or system from which the material was previously released. + + resource Any component of the environment that can be utilized by an organism. + @@ -29106,12 +48025,19 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. resource appraisal Assessment of the availability of resources in a given area. + + + resource conservation Reduction of overall resource consumption and utilization of recovered resources in order to avoid waste. + + + + @@ -29123,6 +48049,7 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. resource exploitation + @@ -29132,6 +48059,10 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. resource reserve + + + + @@ -29139,6 +48070,10 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. resources management A conscious process of decision-making whereby natural and cultural resources are allocated over time and space to optimize the attainment of stated objectives of a society, within the framework of its technology, political and social institutions, and legal and administrative arrangements. An important objective is the conservation of resources, implying a close and integrated relationship between the ecological basis and the socio-economic system. + + + + @@ -29152,16 +48087,19 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. respiration The process in living organisms of taking in oxygen from the surroundings and giving out carbon dioxide. + respiratory air Air volumes inspired and expired through the lungs. + respiratory disease + @@ -29169,12 +48107,18 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. sewage spreading prohibition Prohibition of spreading sewage sludge on land to prevent accumulation of toxic heavy metals in excessive quantities. + + + respiratory protection apparatus Any of a group of devices that protect the respiratory system from exposure to airborne contaminants; usually a mask with a fitting to cover the nose and mouth. + + + @@ -29182,6 +48126,8 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. respiratory system The structures and passages involved with the intake, expulsion and exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the vertebrate body. + + @@ -29190,17 +48136,22 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. respiratory tract The structures and passages involved with intake, expulsion, and exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the vertebrate body. + + responsibility The obligation to answer for an act done, and to repair or otherwise make restitution for any injury it may have caused. + impact reversal The counteracting or undoing of negative effects or influences on the environment. + + @@ -29209,57 +48160,76 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. resting form Resistant structure that allows the organism to survive adverse environmental conditions. + restoration The process of renewing or returning something to its original, normal or unimpaired condition, particularly works of art, cultural artifacts, furniture or buildings. + restoration measure Procedure or course of action taken to reestablish or bring back to state of environmental or ecological health. + + barium A soft silvery-white metallic element of the alkaline earth group. It is used in bearing alloys and compounds are used as pigments. + restriction of production Any decision, action or policy which limits or constrains the making of valued goods or services. + + restriction on use A limitation on the utilization of land or some other property, often inscribed in a deed or lease document. + retail trade The sale of goods to ultimate consumers, usually in small quantities. + + retarding basin A basin designed and operated to provide temporary storage and thus reduce the peak flood flows of a stream. + + retrofitting 1) Addition of a pollution control device on an existing facility without making major changes to the generating plant. 2) Providing a jet, an automobile, a computer, or a factory, for example, with parts, devices or equipment not in existence or available at the time of original manufacture. + return to nature + reusable container Any container which has been conceived and designed to accomplish within its life cycle a minimum number of trips or rotations in order to be refilled or reused for the same purpose for which it was conceived. + + + + + @@ -29267,52 +48237,73 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. activated carbon A powdered, granular or pelleted form of amorphous carbon characterized by a very large surface area per unit volume because of an enormous number of fine pores. + + reuse of materials Any re-utilization of products or components, in original form, such as when used glass bottles are sterilized and refilled for resale. + + revegetation Planting of new trees and, particularly, of native plants in disturbed sites where the vegetation cover has been destroyed, to stabilize the land surface from wind and water erosion and to reclame the land for other uses. Revegetation practices are employed in mined lands, roadsides, parks, wetlands, utility corridors, riparian areas, etc. + + + reverse osmosis A method of obtaining pure water from water containing a salt, as in desalination. Pure water and the salt water are separated by a semipermeable membrane and the pressure of the salt water is raised above the osmotic pressure, causing water from the brine to pass through the membrane into the pure water. This process requires a pressure of some 25 atmospheres, which makes it difficult to apply on a large scale. + + + + rice An erect grass, Oryza sativa, that grows in East Asia on wet ground and has drooping flower spikes and yellow oblong edible grains that become white when polished. + + + petition right A legal guarantee or just claim enabling a citizen or employee to compose and submit a formal written request to an authority asking for some benefit or favor or for intervention and redress of some wrong. + right of property The legal guarantee or just claim inhering in a citizen's relation to some physical thing, but especially a plot of land, including the right to possess, use and dispose of it. + right to compensation A legally enforceable claim for payment or reimbursement to pay for damages, loss or injury, or for remuneration to pay for services rendered, whether in fees, commissions or salary. + right to information The individual's right to know in general about the existence of data banks, the right to be informed on request and the general right to a print-out of the information registered and to know the actual use made of the information. + + + ringing (wildlife) To attach a numbered ring to the leg of a bird so that its movements can be recorded. Ringing is a very common method of tracing bird movement and providing information about bird's ages. It can also cause stress to the birds. + @@ -29320,28 +48311,38 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. rinsing The removal of thin layers of surface material more or less evenly from an extensive area of gently sloping land, by broad continuous sheets of running water rather than by streams flowing in well-defined channels; e.g. erosion that occurs when rain washes away a thin layer of topsoil. + + + riparian zone 1) Terrestrial areas where the vegetation complex and microclimate are products of the combined pressure and influence of perennial and/or intermittent water... and soils that exhibit some wetness characteristics. 2) Zone situated on the bank of a water course such as a river or stream. + + rising (geological) The slow vertical instability of the earth crust involving up-and-down movements as in the volcanic district west of Naples, Italy. + rising sea level Sea level rises are a possible consequence of global warming. As the amount of free water in the ocean increases, and as the water becomes warmer, global warming will increase. In addition, according to theory, the heating at the poles may reduce the amount of water trapped in glaciers and ice caps. By the year 3000, the seas could rise between one and two metres. Such an event would clearly threaten low-lying areas, particularly in Asia, where million of people live and farm on river deltas and flood plains. + + + risk The expected number of lives lost, persons injured, damage to property and disruption of economic activity due to a particular natural phenomenon, and consequently the product of the probability of occurrence and the expected magnitude of damage. + @@ -29357,12 +48358,15 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. risk analysis Technique used to determine the likelihood or chance of hazardous events occurring (such as release of a certain quantity of a toxic gas) and the likely consequences. Originally developed for use in nuclear and chemical industry where certain possible events, of low probability, could have extremely serious results. Attempts are being made to use concepts from probabilistic risk analysis to characterise environmental impacts, whose occurrence and nature are not easy to predict with any degree of accuracy. + + risk assessment The qualitative and quantitative evaluation performed in an effort to define the risk posed to human health and/or the environment by an action or by the presence or use of a specific substance or pollutant. + @@ -29386,27 +48390,36 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. risk-benefit analysis A systematic process of evaluating and assessing the hazards of loss versus the possibility of financial gain or profit. + + risk communication The exchange of information about health or environmental risks among risk assessors and managers, the general public, news media, interest groups, etc. + risk perception A subjective appreciation by individuals which will more often than not bear little relation to the statistical probability of damage or injury. + + risk reduction Any act, instance or process lowering the probability that harm will come to an area or its population as the result of some hazard. + + river A stream of water which flows in a channel from high ground to low ground and ultimately to a lake or the sea, except in a desert area where it may dwindle away to nothing. A river and all its tributaries within a single basin is termed a drainage system. + + @@ -29417,6 +48430,8 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. river basin development Any growth, maturation or change in an area of land drained by a river and its tributaries. + + @@ -29424,27 +48439,36 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. river channelling The alteration of a natural stream by excavation, realignment, lining or other means to accelerate the flow of water. + + baseline monitoring Monitoring of long-term changes in atmospheric compositions of particular significance to the weather and the climate. + river pollution The direct or indirect human alteration of the biological, physical, chemical or radiological integrity of river water, or a river ecosystem. + + river water Water which flows in a channel from high ground to low ground and ultimately to a lake or the sea, except in a desert area where it may dwindle away to nothing. + road A long piece of hard ground that people can drive along from one place to another. + + + @@ -29457,34 +48481,44 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. road construction + + road maintenance The care or upkeep of streets, highways and other routes, including improvements in alignment, widening and markings, and work involving buried cables, water mains or gas mains. + base (chemical) Any chemical species, ionic or molecular, capable of accepting or receiving a proton (hydrogen ion) from another substance; the other substance acts as an acid in giving of the proton; the other ion is a base. + road safety Any measure, technique or design intended to reduce the risk of harm posed by moving vehicles along a constructed land route. + + road salt Salt used against the formation of ice on roads; when excess salt washes off the roads, it can poison roadside vegetation or raise salt concentrations in streams and reserves of underground water. It also accelerates the deterioration of concrete and metal. + + road traffic Circulation of motor vehicles and people on the road network. + + @@ -29498,16 +48532,23 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. road traffic engineering Discipline which includes the design of highways and pedestrian ways, the study and application of traffic statistics, and the environmental aspects of the transportation of goods and people. + + road transport Transportation of goods and persons by vehicles travelling on a road network. + + rock Any aggregate of minerals that makes up part of the earth's crust. It may be unconsolidated, such as sand, clay, or mud, or consolidated, such as granite, limestone, or coal. + + + @@ -29522,48 +48563,66 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. activated sludge Sludge that has been aerated and subjected to bacterial action; used to speed breakdown of organism matter in raw sewage during secondary waste treatment. + + + basic food requirement The minimum nutriments deemed necessary for a person of a particular age, gender, physiological condition and activity level to sustain life, health and growth. + rock wool A generic term for felted or matted fibers manufactured by blowing or spinning threads of molten rock, slag, or glass. The material is used for thermal insulation. + + rodent Any of the relatively small placental mammals that constitute the order Rodentia, having constantly growing incisor teeth specialized for gnawing. + basicity The state of a solution of containing an excess of hydroxyl ions. + root The absorbing and anchoring organ of a vascular plant; it bears neither leaves nor flowers and is usually subterranean. + rotary furnace A heat-treating furnace of circular construction which rotates the workpiece around the axis of the furnace during heat treatment; workpieces are transported through the furnace along a circular path. + + + route Any established or selected course for passage or travel. + + route planning The activity of designing, organizing or preparing for the construction of boulevards, turnpikes, highways and other roads. + + + + @@ -29571,34 +48630,43 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. rubber A cream to dark brown elastic material obtained by coagulating and drying the latex from certain plants, especially the rubber tree. + rubber processing The systematic series of actions in which a solid substance deriving from rubber trees and plants is toughened and treated chemically to give it the strength, elasticity, resistance and other qualities needed for the manufacture of products such as erasers, elastic bands, water hoses, electrical insulation and tires. + rubber processing industry A sector of the economy in which an aggregate of commercial enterprises is engaged in the manufacture and marketing of natural or synthetic rubber products. + + + rubber waste Any refuse or unwanted material made of synthetic or natural rubber, often the byproduct of rubber processing. + basidiomycete + runoff Rate at which water is removed by flowing over the soil surface. This rate is determined by the texture of the soil, slope, climate, and land use cover (e.g. paved surface, grass, forest, bare soil). + + @@ -29608,6 +48676,8 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. rural area Area outside the limits of any incorporated or unincorporated city, town, village, or any other designated residential or commercial area such as a subdivision, a business or shopping center, or community development. + + @@ -29620,16 +48690,24 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. rural environment Environment pertaining to the countryside. + + rural population The total number of persons inhabiting an agricultural or pastoral region. + + rural settlement A collection of dwellings located in a rural area. + + + + @@ -29637,21 +48715,29 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. agritourism Holidays organized in a farm: meals are prepared with natural products and guests are entertained with handicraft, sporting and agricultural activities. + + + + rural water supply + + batch process A process that is not in continuous or mass production; operations are carried out with discrete quantities of material or a limited number of items. + safety The state of being secure from harm, injury, danger or risk, often as a result of planned measures or preparations. + @@ -29664,12 +48750,15 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. safety analysis The process of studying the need for or efficacy of actions, procedures or devices intended to lower the occurrence or risk of injury, loss and danger to persons, property or the environment. + + safety measure An action, procedure or contrivance designed to lower the occurrence or risk of injury, loss and danger to persons, property or the environment. + @@ -29694,6 +48783,8 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. safety rule A principle or regulation governing actions, procedures or devices intended to lower the occurrence or risk of injury, loss and danger to persons, property or the environment. + + @@ -29701,6 +48792,8 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. safety standard A norm or measure applicable in legal cases for any action, procedure or contrivance designed to lower the occurrence or risk of injury, loss and danger to persons, property or the environment. + + @@ -29709,21 +48802,27 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. safety standard for building A collection of rules and regulations adopted by authorities concerning structural and mechanical standards for safety. + + safety study Research, detailed examination and usually a written report on the need for or efficacy of actions, procedures or devices intended to lower the occurrence or risk of injury, loss and danger to persons, property or the environment. + + salamander Any of various urodele amphibians, such as Salamandra salamandra of central and S Europe. They are typically terrestrial, have an elongated body, and only return to water to breed. + salination The accumulation of soluble salts by evaporation of the waters that bore them to the soil zone, in a soil of an arid, poorly drained region. + @@ -29731,11 +48830,17 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. salmonella General name for a family of microorganisms, one of the largest groups of bacteria, that includes those most frequently implicated in food poisoning and gastroenteritis. Unhygienic handling and inadequate cooking of poultry and meat, improper storage of cold meats and, more recently, contamination of battery-reared hen eggs, are the most common sources of salmonella infections. + + salt content Amount of salt contained in a solution. + + + + @@ -29743,22 +48848,31 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. salt load + + + salt marsh Areas of brackish, shallow water usually found in coastal areas and in deltas. There are also inland marshes in arid areas where the water has a high salt level because of evaporation. They are environmentally delicate areas, extremely vulnerable to pollution by industrial or agricultural chemicals, or to thermal pollution, which often results when river water has been used as the coolant in power stations and industrial plants. + + salt meadow A meadow subject to overflow by salt water. + + bathing water All waters, inland or coastal, except those intended for therapeutic purposes or used in swimming pools, an area either in which bathing is explicitly authorised or in which bathing is not prohibited and is traditionally practised by a large number of bathers. Water in such areas must meet specified quality standards relating to chemical, microbiological and physical parameters. + + @@ -29769,17 +48883,22 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. salt plug A mass of salt which is injected as a diapir (a dome in which the overlying rocks have been ruptured by the squeezing-out of plastic core material) into overlying sedimentary rocks, thereby piercing and deforming them. The mechanism is similar to that of an intrusive magma, with the salt deforming and behaving plastically under pressure. It is of great economic importance because it assists in the formation of a "trap" structure for oil accumulation, in addition to its associated deposits of anhydrite, gypsum and sulphur. + + salt The reaction product when a metal displaces the hydrogen of an acid. + salt water Water of the seas, distinguished by high salinity. + + @@ -29788,22 +48907,29 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. salvage The act, process, or business of rescuing vessels or their cargoes from loss at sea. + + + sampling The obtaining of small representative quantities of material for the purpose of analysis. + + sampling technique Method of selecting items at random from a set in such a manner that the sample will be representative of the whole. + sanction + @@ -29814,6 +48940,8 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. sand A loose material consisting of small mineral particles, or rock and mineral particles, distinguishable by the naked eye; grains vary from almost spherical to angular, with a diameter range from 1/16 to 2 millimeters. + + @@ -29821,52 +48949,76 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. sand dune fixation Stabilization of dunes effected by the planting of marram grass (Ammophila arenaria), or rice grass, whose long roots bind the surface layers of sand and so hinder its removal by wind. A larger scale method of dealing with the same problem is by afforestation. + + + + + sand dune An accumulation of loose sand heaped up by the wind, commonly found along low-lying seashores above high-tide level, more rarely on the border of large lakes or river valleys, as well as in various desert regions, where there is abundant dry surface sand during some part of the year. + sand extraction The extraction of sand by mining for building purposes and for the extraction of heavy minerals such as rutile and zircon. + + sand pit A place where sand is extracted from the ground. + + + sanitary fitting The set of furnishings designed for personal hygiene and the disposal of organic waste. + + + sanitary landfill An engineered method of disposing of solid waste on land in a manner that protects the environment, by spreading the waste in thin layers, compacting it to the smallest practical volume and covering it with compacted soil by the end of each working day or at more frequent intervals if necessary. + + sanitation The study and use of practical measures for the preservation of public health. + sanitation plan Plans for the control of the physical factors in the human environment that can harm development, health, or survival. + + saprobic index Indication or measure of the level of organic pollution. + + + battery A series of cells, each containing the essentials for producing voltaic electricity, connected together. + + @@ -29876,11 +49028,14 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. saprobe Referring to the classification of organisms according to the way in which they tolerate pollution. + + satellite An object that orbits around a larger one. Artificial satellites orbiting the Earth are used for communications, the gathering of military intelligence, the monitoring of weather and other environmental phenomena, etc. + @@ -29888,36 +49043,47 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. saving The amount of current income which is not spent for survival or enjoyment. + + + sawdust Wood fragments made by a saw in cutting. + battery disposal + + schistosomiasis A disease in which humans are parasitized by any of three species of blood flukes: Schistosoma mansoni, S. haematobium, and S. japonicum; adult worms inhabit the blood vessels. + school An institution or building at which children and young people receive education. + + school teaching Instruction or training received in any educational institution, but especially to persons under college age. + science The study of the physical universe and its contents by means of reproducible observations, measurements, and experiments to establish, verify, or modify general laws to explain its nature and behaviour. + @@ -29936,15 +49102,19 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. scientific and technical information Knowledge communicated or received pertaining to the systematic study of the physical world or to the mechanical or industrial arts. + scientific co-operation + + scientific policy A course of action adopted and pursued by government, business or some other organization, which promotes or determines the direction for the systematic study, research and experimentation of a particular aspect of the physical or material world, which may lead to scholarly contributions in a branch of knowledge. + @@ -29952,11 +49122,16 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. scoping procedure The prescribed step or manner of proceeding in an environmental impact assessment, by which a public discussion is held to discuss the information that needs to be developed, the alternatives that need to be considered and other important environmental issues. + + scrap material Recyclable material from any manufacturing process or discarded consumer products. + + + @@ -29967,17 +49142,24 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. scrap material market The trade or traffic in discarded or leftover materials that can be reused in some way. + + scrap material price The amount of money or the monetary rate at which materials discarded from manufacturing operations can be bought or sold. + + scrap metal Any metal material discarded from manufacturing operations and usually suitable for reprocessing. + + + @@ -29985,23 +49167,29 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. scrap vehicle Car which is delivered for breaking up or otherwise discarded. + bay An open, curving indentation made by the sea or a lake into a coastline. + + screening The reduction of the electric field about a nucleus by the space charge of the surrounding electrons. + + sea 1) In general, the marine section of the globe as opposed to that of the land. 2) The name given to a body of salt water smaller than an ocean and generally in proximity to a continent. + @@ -30014,34 +49202,48 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. sea bed The bottom of the ocean. Also known as sea floor; sea bottom. The ocean floor is defined as the near-horizontal surface of the ocean basin. + + + sea bed exploitation Marine mineral resources extend far beyond those presently exploited; minerals are derived from two separate types of marine sources: from sedimentary deposits underlying the continental shelves and from inshore deposits on the surface of the continental shelves. By far the most valuable of the mineral resources exploited from marine environments is petroleum. Offshore placer deposits on the surface of the continental shelves yield gold, platinum, and tin. On the floors of the world's oceans manganese nodules are found as a result of pelagic sedimentation or precipitation; they are small, irregular, black to brown, friable, laminated concretionary masses consisting primarily of manganese salts and manganese-oxide minerals. + + + sea bed mining The activity or processes involving the extraction of mineral deposits from the surface, or below the surface, of the ocean floor. + + sea circulation Large-scale horizontal water motion within an ocean. The way energy from the sun, stored in the sea, is transported around the world. The currents explain, for example, why the UK has ice-free ports in winter, while St. Petersburg, at the same latitude as the Shetland Islands, needs ice breakers. Evidence is growing that the world's ocean circulation was very different during the last ice age and has changed several times in the distant past, with dramatic effects on climate. The oceans are vital as storehouses, as they absorb more than half the sun's heat reaching the earth. This heat, which is primarily absorbed near the equator is carried around the world and released elsewhere, creating currents which last up to 1.000 years. As the Earth rotates and the wind acts upon the surface, currents carry warm tropical water to the cooler parts of the world. The strength and direction of the currents are affected by landmasses, bottlenecks through narrow straits, and even the shape of the sea-bed. When the warm water reaches polar regions its heat evaporates into the atmosphere, reducing its temperature and increasing its density. When sea-water freezes it leaves salt behind in the unfrozen water and this cold water sinks into the ocean and begins to flow back to the tropics. Eventually it is heated and begins the cycle all over again. + + beach The unconsolidated material that covers a gently sloping zone, typically with a concave profile, extending landward from the low-water line to the place where there is a definite change in material or physiographic from (such as a cliff), or to the line of permanent vegetation (usually the effective limit of the highest storm waves); a shore of body of water, formed and washed by waves or tides, usually covered by sand or gravel, and lacking a bare rocky surface. + + sea level The level of the surface of the ocean; especially, the mean level halfway between high and low tide, used as a standard in reckoning land elevation or sea depths. + + @@ -30049,11 +49251,19 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. sea level rise Sea-level rises are a possible consequence of global warming. As the amount of free water in the oceans increases, and as the water becomes warmer, global warming will increase. In addition, according to theory, the heating at the poles may reduce the amount of water trapped in glaciers and ice caps. + + + sealing Luting, making watertight, waterproofing. + + + + + @@ -30062,16 +49272,25 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. seal (technical) Any device or system that creates a nonleaking union between two mechanical or process-system elements. + + + + + sea outfall The point, location or structure where effluent discharges into a body of marine waters such as a sea, ocean, etc. + + sea resource Marine resources include food, energy and minerals. + + @@ -30080,62 +49299,80 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. seashore The zone of unconsolidated material that extends landward from the low water-line to where there is marked change in material or physiographic form or to the line of permanent vegetation. + + season One of the four equal periods into which the year is divided by the equinoxes and solstices, resulting from the apparent movement of the sun north and south of the equator during the course of the earth's orbit around it. These periods (spring, summer, autumn and winter) have their characteristic weather conditions in different regions, and occur at opposite times of the year in the N and S hemispheres. + seasonal migration The periodic movement of a population from one region or climate to another in accordance with the yearly cycle of weather and temperature changes. + sea water Aqueous solution of salts in more or less constant ratio, whose composition depends on several factors among which predominate living organisms, detrital sedimentation and the related chemical reactions. Sea-water accounts for more than 98% of the mass of the hydrosphere and covers just over 70% of the globe. Because of the composition and stability of the oceans, and the way they are controlled, they are of great importance to the climate, and great attention has been given to studying the effects of pollution. Man's activities are believed to be accelerating the change in the composition of sea-water. + sea water desalination Removing salt from ocean or brackish water. + + sea water protection + + secondary biotope In the case of disruption of an existing biotope, secondary biotope can be created as a compensation and substitute measure for the loss of the natural one. + + secondary education The years of instruction following elementary school and until the end of high school. + secondary sector The part of a country or region's economy that produces commodities without much direct use of natural resources. + beaching The washing ashore of whales or other cetaceans that have died for natural causes, or because of highly polluted sea water or after being trapped in drift nets. + second-hand goods Goods or products that have been used previously. + + + economic sector A part of a country's or region's commercial, industrial and financial activity, delimited either by public, corporate and private organization of expenditures or by agriculture, manufacturing and service product types. + @@ -30144,6 +49381,8 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. security of installations Measures, techniques or designs implemented to protect from harm or restrict access to any apparatus, machinery or construction put in place or connected for use. + + @@ -30151,21 +49390,29 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. sedimentary basin A geomorphic feature of the earth in which the surface has subsided for a prolonged time, including deep ocean floors, intercontinental rifts and elevated and interior drainage basins. + + sedimentation (industrial process) The separation of an insoluble solid from a liquid in which it is suspended by settling under the influence of gravity or centrifugation. + + sedimentation (geology) The act or process of forming or accumulating sediment in layers, including such processes as the separation of rock particles from the material from which the sediment is derived, the transportation of these particles to the site of deposition, the actual deposition or settling of the particles, the chemical and other changes occurring in the sediment, and the ultimate consolidation of the sediment into solid rock. + + sediment Any material transported by water which will ultimately settle to the bottom after the water loses its transporting power. + + @@ -30177,31 +49424,44 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. sediment transport The movement and carrying- away of sediment by natural agents; especially the conveyance of a stream load by suspension, saltation, solution or traction. + + seed (biology) A mature fertilized plant ovule, consisting of an embryo and its food store surrounded by a protective seed coat (testa). + seed dressing A chemical applied before planting to protect seeds and seedlings from disease or insects. + + + water seepage The slow movement of water through small openings and spaces in the surface of unsaturated soil into or out of a body of surface or subsurface water. + + + seepage water Water that moves slowly through small openings of a porous material such as soil or the amount of water that has been involved in seepage. + + + seismic activity The phenomenon of Earth movements. + @@ -30209,45 +49469,57 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. seismic monitoring The gathering of seismic data from an area. + + + seismic sea wave A large seismically generated sea wave which is capable of considerable destruction in certain coastal areas, especially where submarine earthquakes occur. Although in the open ocean the wave height may be less than one meter it steepens to hights of 15 metres or more on entering shallow coastal water. The wavelength in the open ocean is of the order of 100 to 150 km and the rate of travel of a seismic sea wave is between 640 and 960 km/h. + + seizure The official or legally authorized act of taking away possessions or property, often for a violation of law or to enforce a judgment imposed by a court of law. + seizure of profits The official or legally authorized act of taking away monetary gain or surplus resulting from investments or property or from returns, proceeds or revenue in a business or business transaction. + selection of technology + + selective breeding of animals Breeding of animals having desirable characters. + selective breeding of plants Breeding of plants having desirable characters. + selenium A highly toxic, nonmetallic element; used in analytical chemistry, metallurgy, and photoelectric cells. + @@ -30255,26 +49527,37 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. self-help programme A series of steps or a system of services or activities designed to enable an individual to help or improve one's self without depending on the aid of others. + self-monitoring + + + self-purification A natural process of organic degradation that produces nutrients utilized by autotrophic organisms. + + + semi-arid land ecosystem The interacting system of a biological community and its non-living environmental surroundings in regions that have between 10 to 20 inches of rainfall and are capable of sustaining some grasses and shrubs but not woodland. + + semiconductor A solid crystalline material whose electrical conductivity is intermediate between that of a metal and an insulator and is usually strongly temperature-dependent. + + @@ -30283,16 +49566,22 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. semimanufactured product Product that has undergone a partial processing and is used as raw material in a successive productive step. + + bee conservation The care, preservation and husbandry of hymenopterous insects valued for their ability to pollinate crops and other flora or for their production of honey. + + + semi-metal An element having some properties characteristic of metals and others of non-metals. Many metalloids give rise to an amphoteric oxide (e.g. arsenic or antimony) and many are semiconductors. + @@ -30301,6 +49590,8 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. sensitive area Areas of a country where special measures may be given to protect the natural habitats which present a high level of vulnerability. + + @@ -30308,28 +49599,35 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. sensitivity analysis A formalized procedure to identify the impact of changes in various model components on model output. Sensitivity analysis is an integral part of simulation experimentation and may influence model formulations. It is commonly used to examine model behaviour. The general procedure is to define a model output variable that represents an important aspect of model behaviour. The values of various inputs of the model are then varied and the resultant change in the output variable is monitored. Large changes in the output variable imply that the particular input varied is important in controlling model behaviour. Within this general definition, sensitivity analysis has been applied to a variety of model inputs including state variables, environmental variables and initial conditions. + separated collection The collection of individual components of solid waste from any source, usually separated into different collection containers, in order to recover, reuse or recycle the material or to facilitate its collection and disposal. + beef cattle Cattle bred for the production of meat. + + separation at source Segregating various wastes at the point of generation (e.g. separation of paper, metal and glass from other wastes) to make recycling simpler and more efficient. + separator A machine for separating materials of different specific gravity by means of water or air. + + @@ -30338,6 +49636,8 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. septic tank A tank, usually underground, into which sewage flows, the deposited matter being wholly, or partially broken down through anaerobic action. The final effluent may be allowed to soak into the ground through a system of agricultural drains, if the soil is suitable. Alternatively, the tank must be emptied at regular intervals by a special road-tanker. + + @@ -30345,29 +49645,35 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.sequestration 1) A legal term referring generally to the act of valuable property being taken into custody by an agent of the court and locked away for safekeeping, usually to prevent the property from being disposed of or abused before a dispute over its ownership can be resolved. 2) The taking of someone's property, voluntarily (by deposit) or involuntarily (by seizure), by court officers or into the possession of a third party, awaiting the outcome of a trial in which ownership of that property is at issue. + snake Any reptile of the suborder Ophidia, typically having a scaly cylindrical limbless body, fused eyelids, and a jaw modified for swallowing large prey: includes venomous forms such as cobras and rattlesnakes, large nonvenomous constrictors, and small harmless types such as the grass snake. + service area The area served by a particular public facility such as school, library, police station, park, etc. + + bee Any of the membranous-winged insects which compose the superfamily Apoidea in the order Hymenoptera characterized by a hairy body and by sucking and chewing mouthparts. + services The carrying out of work for which there is a constant public demand by the provision of labor and the utilization of tools. + @@ -30392,6 +49698,8 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. settlement concentration The distribution or total amount of communities, villages and houses within a specified geographic area. + + @@ -30405,33 +49713,49 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. urban sprawl The physical pattern of low-density expansion of large urban areas under market conditions into the surrounding agricultural areas. Sprawl lies in advance of the principal lines of urban growth and implies little planning control of land subdivision. Development is patchy, scattered and strung out, with a tendency to discontinuity because it leap-frogs over some areas, leaving agricultural enclaves. + + + settling tank A tank into which a two-phase mixture is fed and the entrained solids settle by gravity during storage. + + sewage Any liquid-born waste that contains animal or plant matter in suspension or solution, soils and storm water, or chemicals in solution. + + sewage disposal + + sewage farm Area of land on which sewage or any other type of waste water is distributed in order to purify it; it is a kind of waste water treatment. + + + + + sewage sludge A semi-liquid waste with a solid concentration in excess of 2500 parts per million, obtained from the purification of municipal sewage. + + @@ -30444,17 +49768,24 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. sewage treatment system Sewage treatment comes in two stages - primary and secondary treatment. The primary stage involves a process of screening solids from sewage, leaving a sludge and relatively clear water for further treatment or for disposal into rivers, the sea or on to the land. In the secondary stage the sludge is stirred constantly in vast tanks to get more oxygen into the mixture, allowing bacteria to break down the organic matter and leave a harmless residue that falls as a sediment to the bottom of the tank. After processing, the clear water on top of the tank is discharged into rivers and the sediment is used as landfill or discharged at sea. + + + beetle Any insect of the order Coleoptera, having biting mouthparts and forewings modified to form shell-like protective elytra. + sewerage system System of pipes, usually underground, for carrying waste water and human waste away from houses and other buildings, to a place where they can be safely get rid of. + + + @@ -30463,11 +49794,13 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. shellfish + behaviour Any observable action or response of an organism, group or species to environmental factors. + @@ -30476,16 +49809,21 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. shielding device Barriers devised for keeping away from people harmful substances. + + + shifting cultivation Agricultural practice using the rotation of fields rather than crops, short cropping periods followed by long fallows and the maintenance of fertility by the regeneration of vegetation. + ship A vessel propelled by engines or sails for navigating on the water, especially a large vessel that can not be carried aboard another, as distinguished from a boat. + @@ -30497,16 +49835,24 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. shipbuilding The art or business of designing and constructing ships. + + + shipping accident An unexpected incident, failure or loss involving a vessel or its contents in the course of commercial transport that poses potential harm to persons, property or the environment. + + + + behaviour of substances Reactivity of a compound depending on the structure of the molecules. + @@ -30516,6 +49862,9 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. ship garbage Domestic and operational wastes, disposed of continuously or periodically, that are generated during the normal operation of a ship; usually excluding fresh fish waste from fishing operations. + + + @@ -30523,17 +49872,27 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. ship waste disposal Discharging of ship waste into the sea. + + + shooting range Area designed for target shooting. + + + + shop A place, especially a small building, for the retail sale of goods and services. + + + @@ -30541,6 +49900,7 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. behaviour pattern A relatively uniform series of overt activities that can be observed with some regularity. + @@ -30552,63 +49912,85 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. shopping centre Enclosed area in which there is a variety of shops. + + + show A performance, program or exhibition providing entertainment to a group of people, displayed either through some communication media, such as radio or television, or live at a museum or theater. + + beneficial organism Any pollinating insect, or any pest predator, parasite, pathogen or other biological control agent which functions naturally or as part of an integrated pest management program to control another pest. + + + shredder A size-reduction machine which tears or grinds materials to a smaller and more uniform particle size. Shredding process is also called size reduction, grinding, milling, comminution, pulverisation, hogging, granulating, breaking, chipping, crushing, cutting, rasping. + + refuse shredder A machine used to break up refuse material into smaller pieces by tearing and/or impact. + shrub A woody perennial plant, smaller than a tree, with several major branches arising from near the base of the main stem. + shunting yard Area where a car or a train can be shoven or turned off or moved from one track to another. + + sick building syndrome A set of symptoms, including headaches, fatigue, eye irritation, and dizziness, typically affecting workers in modern airtight office buildings and thought to be caused by indoor pollutants, such as formaldehyde fumes, particulate matter, microorganisms, etc. + + + side effect Any secondary effect, especially an undesirable one. + + side effects of pharmaceutical drugs + + sieving The size distribution of solid particles on a series of standard sieves of decreasing size, expressed as a weight percent. + @@ -30617,6 +49999,9 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. silencer Any device designed to reduce noise, especially the device in the exhaust system of a motor vehicle. + + + @@ -30624,6 +50009,8 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. silicon A brittle metalloid element that exists in two allotropic forms; occurs principally in sand, quartz, granite, feldspar, and clay. It is usually a grey crystalline solid but is also found as a brown amorphous powder. It is used in transistors, rectifiers, solar cells, and alloys. Its compounds are widely used in glass manufacture, the building industry, and in the form of silicones. + + @@ -30631,21 +50018,29 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. silo A large round tower on a farm for storing grain or winter food for cattle. + + + + silt The fine mineral material formed from the erosion of rock fragments and deposited by rivers and lakes. Its particles are the intermediate form between sand and clay. The particles can range in size from 0.01-0.05 mm in diameter. + + silver A very ductile malleable brilliant greyish-white element having the highest electrical and thermal conductivity of any metal. It occurs free and in argentite and other ores: used in jewellery, tableware, coinage, electrical contacts, and in electroplating. Its compounds are used in photography. + active participation The involvement, either by an individual or a group of individuals, in their own governance or other activities, with the purpose of exerting influence. + @@ -30654,6 +50049,8 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. simulation A representation of a problem, situation in mathematical terms, especially using a computer. + + @@ -30663,60 +50060,85 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. sintering Forming a coherent bonded mass by heating metal powders without melting, used mostly in powder metallurgy. + + site selection The process of choosing or picking a location or area for some designated purpose. + + + sizing To fix the cross-section of structural components on the basis of statics and material strength. + + skiing Gliding over snow on skis, especially as a sport. + skin The tissue forming the outer covering of the vertebrate body: it consists of two layers, the outermost of which may be covered with hair, scales, feathers, etc. It is mainly protective and sensory in function. + + skyline destruction + + benthic division The bottom of a body of water often occupied by benthos. + + + slag A nonmetallic product resulting from the interaction of flux and impurities in the smelting and refining of metals. + slaughterhouse A place where animals are butchered for food. + + + + slaughterhouse waste Animal body parts cut off in the preparation of carcasses for use as food. This waste can come from several sources including slaughterhouses, restaurants, stores and farms. + + slaughtering of animals Killing of animals for food. + + + @@ -30725,51 +50147,71 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. sleep A periodic state of physiological rest during which consciousness is suspended and metabolic rate is decreased. + + benthic ecosystem The interacting system of the biological communities located at the bottom of bodies of freshwater and saltwater and their non-living environmental surroundings. + + sleep disturbance + excavation side Sloping surface of an excavation. + sludge 1) A soft, soupy, or muddy bottom deposit, such as found on tideland or in a stream bed. 2) A semifluid, slushy, murky mass of sediment resulting from treatment of water, sewage, or industrial and mining wastes, and often appearing as local bottom deposits in polluted bodies of water. + + + sludge digestion A treatment to stabilize raw sludge. The treatment can be either anaerobic process or aerobic process. + + + + sludge incineration A method used for drying and reducing sludge volume and weight. Since incineration requires auxiliary fuel to obtain and maintain high temperature and to evaporate the water contained in the incoming sludge, concentration techniques should be applied before incineration. Sludge incineration is a two-step process involving drying and combustion after a preceding dewatering process, such as filters, drying beds, or centrifuges. + + + sludge settling pond Pond for the removal of settleable solids through which wastewater is passed in a treatment works. + + sludge treatment The processing of wastewater sludges to render them innocuous. This may be done by aerobic or anaerobic digestion followed by drying in sand beds, filtering, and incineration, filtering, and drying, or wet air oxidation. + + @@ -30779,101 +50221,136 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. sluice Vertical sliding gate or valve to regulate the flow of water in a channel or lock. + + + small and medium sized industry + + benthos Those organisms attached to, living on, in or near the sea bed, river bed or lake floor. + + Small Islands (political geography) + small-scale furnace Small enclosed structures containing a heat source, typically used for the purpose of intense heating. Most are lined with refractory material, the heat source is typically provided by electrical elements or the burning of gas, coke or coal. + + + small-scale inducer A domestic source introducing small quantities of pollutants into a publicly owned waste-treatment system. + smog Air pollution consisting of smoke and fog. The air pollution caused by the action of sunlight on unburned hydrocarbons and nitrogen oxides, mostly from car exhaust. It occurs over large industrial areas and urban complexes, and causes eye irritations, breathing problems and damage to plant life. + benzene A colorless, liquid, flammable, aromatic hydrocarbon used to manufacture styrene and phenol. Also known as benzol. + smog warning Action, device or announcement that serves to give caution or notice to the level of air pollutants typically associated with oxidants in a given area. + + + + + smoke An aerosol, consisting of visible particles and gases, produced by the incomplete burning of carbon-based materials, such as wood and fossil fuels. + + smoke prevention + + smoking The inhalation and exhalation of carcinogenic fumes from burning plant material, usually tobacco. + + + + colubrid Any snakes of the family of Colubridae, including many harmless snakes, such as the grass snake and whip belonging to the Colubridae. + snow The most common form of frozen precipitation, usually flakes or starlike crystals, matted ice needles, or combinations, and often rime-coated. + + benzopyrene A five-ring aromatic hydrocarbon found in coal tar, in cigarette smoke, and as a product of incomplete combustion. + snowslide An avalanche of relatively pure snow; some rock and earth material may also be carried downward. + soaking Absorption of liquid by a solid or a semisolid material. + soap A cleansing agent, manufactured in bars, granules, flakes, or liquid form, made from a mixture of the sodium salts of various fatty acids of natural oils and fats. + social behaviour A person or community's general treatment, manner of conduct or action toward others as individuals or as members of variously identified groups. + @@ -30898,6 +50375,7 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. social condition An existing circumstance, situation or state affecting the life, welfare and relations of human beings in community. + @@ -30910,22 +50388,27 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. social cost The price paid or the loss incurred to acquire, produce or maintain an objective or goal in a group, community or society. + + internalisation of external costs The process of getting those who produce goods or services with adverse effects on the environment or on society to incorporate a knowledge of possible negative repercussions into future economic decisions. + social development The state of nations and the hystorical processes of change experienced by them. The concept of development subsumes associated cultural and political changes as well as welfare measures which reflect distribution of goods, wealth and opportunities. + social differentiation A concept associated with evolutionary theories of history and with structural functionalism. Societies are seen as moving from the simple to the complex via a process of social change based on structural differentiation. + @@ -30934,6 +50417,7 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. social dynamics The pattern, change, development and driving forces of a human group, community or society. + @@ -30945,12 +50429,15 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. social facility Any structure designed, built or installed to provide space for living or interaction among persons in a community. + + social group A collection of people who interact with one another and share a certain feeling of unity. + @@ -30967,6 +50454,7 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. social indicator Easily identified features of a society which can be measured, which vary over time, and are taken as revealing some underlying aspect of social reality. In general, the most commonly used indicators are derived from official statistics, and include unemployment figures, health and mortality data, and crime rates. + @@ -30974,6 +50462,10 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. intervention on land Stepping in or participating in problem solving efforts for troublesome or perplexing situations involving ground areas or the earth's surface. + + + + @@ -30996,11 +50488,15 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. social medicine Medicine as applied to treatment of diseases which occur in certain social groups. + + + social-minded behaviour + @@ -31008,33 +50504,39 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. social movement A organized effort by a significant number of people to change (or resist change in) some major aspect or aspects of society. + social participation Collective, civic action shared and performed by a significant number of the community or general population. + social policy A course of action adopted and pursued by government, business or some other organization, which seeks to ensure that all people have acceptable working or living conditions by providing social security, welfare, health care, insurance, fair employment practices, low cost housing or educational opportunities. + beryllium A corrosion-resistant, toxic silvery-white metallic element that occurs chiefly in beryl and is used mainly in x-ray windows and in the manufacture of alloys. + social problem A generic term applied to the range of conditions and aberrant behaviours which are considered to be manifestations of social disorganization and to warrant changing via some means of social engineering. Typically, these problems include many forms of deviant behaviour (such as crime, juvenile delinquency, prostitution, mental illness, drug addiction, suicide) and of social conflict (ethnic tension, domestic violence, industrial strife, and so forth). + social process A continuous action, operation, or series of changes taking place in a definite manner and pertaining to the life, welfare, and relations of human beings in a community. + @@ -31044,16 +50546,19 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. social relief Public assistance especially financial given to persons in special need or difficulty. + social security + social service Welfare activities organized by the state or a local authority and carried out by trained personnel. + @@ -31061,6 +50566,7 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. social structure A term loosely applied to any recurring pattern of social behaviour; or, more specifically, to the ordered interrelationships between the different elements or a social system or society. + @@ -31069,27 +50575,34 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. social survey Data collections that employ both interviewing and sampling to produce quantitative data-sets, amenable to computer-based analysis. + social system The concept of system appears throughout the social and natural sciences and has generated a body of literature of its own (general systems theory). A system is any pattern of relationships between elements, and is regarded as having emergent properties on its own over and above the properties of its elements. + beta radiation Name given to the ionizing radiation which is produced as a stream of high speed electrons emitted by certain types of radioactive substance when they decay. The intensity of radiation energy produced in human tissue by a beta particle is a hundred times less than that produced by an alpha radiation particle, but it travels slightly deeper into tissue. + social value Regarding social values, distinctions are often drawn between values, which are strong, semi permanent, underlying, and sometimes inexplicit dispositions, and attitudes, which are shallow, weakly held, and highly variable views and opinions. Societies can usually tolerate highly diverse attitude, whereas they require some degree of homogeneity and consistency in the values held by people, providing a common fund of shared values which shape social and political consensus. + + social welfare The prosperity, well-being or convenience of a community. It embraces the primary social interests of safety, order, morals, economic interest, and non material and political interests. + + @@ -31097,6 +50610,7 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. society Human group of people, more or less large and complex, associated for some common interest and characterized by distinctive hierarchical relationships. + @@ -31111,6 +50625,9 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. socioeconomic aspect of human settlements + + + @@ -31118,16 +50635,23 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. socioeconomic factor An essential element in a society's make-up, organization or behavior that combines financial dimensions with inter-personal or inter-group dynamics. + + socioeconomic impact of biotechnologies Biotechnology is the application of biological and technical solutions to problems, and often refers to the industrial use of microorganisms (perhaps genetically altered) to perform chemical processing, for example of waste or water, or to manufacture hormones or enzymes for medicinal and commercial purposes. Biotechnology offers great potential to increase farm production and food processing efficiency, to lower food costs, to enhance food quality and safety and to increase international competitiveness. + + + beverage industry + + @@ -31135,12 +50659,15 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. sociological survey Research on social questions or problems, especially focusing on cultural and environmental factors. + sociology The study of the development, organization, functioning and classification of human societies. + + @@ -31149,6 +50676,7 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. sociopolitical aspect Any part, feature or quality of society that combines governmental dimensions with inter-personal or inter-group dynamics. + @@ -31158,12 +50686,16 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. softening Reduction of the hardness of water by removing hardness-forming ions (chiefly calcium and magnesium) by precipitation or ion exchange, or sequestering them as by combining them with substances such as certain phosphates, that form soluble but non-ionized salts. + + + beverage Any one of various liquids for drinking, usually excluding water. + @@ -31171,17 +50703,21 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.softening agent 1) A substance added to another substance to increase its softness, pliability, or plasticity. 2) A substance, such as a zeolite, for softening water. + + software Software is the general term used to describe all of the various programs that may be used on a computer system. Software can be divided into four main categories: systems software, development software, user interface software, applications software. + soil The top layer of the land surface of the earth that is composed of disintegrated rock particles, humus, water and air. + @@ -31200,17 +50736,24 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. soil acidification A naturally occurring process in humid climates that has long been the subject of research, whose findings suggest acid precipitation effects. The generally accepted impact of soil acidification on the productivity of terrestrial plants is summarised as follows: as soil becomes more acidic the basic cations (Ca, Mg) on the soil exchange are replaced by hydrogen ions or solubilized metals. The basic cation, now in solution, can be leached through the soil. As time progresses the soil becomes less fertile and more acidic. Resultant decreases in soil pH cause reduced, less-active population of soil microorganisms, which in turn slow decomposition of plant residues and cycling of essential plant nutrients. + + + soil air The air and other gases in spaces in the soil; specifically that which is found within the zone of aeration. Also known as soil atmosphere. + soil analysis The use of rapid chemical analyses to determine the fertility status of a soil. It is used to identify those nutrients or substances that are present in either insufficient or excessive quantities for optimum plant growth. Analyses are also used to monitor increases or decreases in soil fertility over time. + + + @@ -31218,11 +50761,15 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. soil biology The study of the living organisms, mainly microorganisms and microinvertebrates which live within the soil, and which are largely responsible for the decomposition processes vital to soil fertility. + + + soil capability The suitability of soils for various uses, e.g. sustained production of cultivated crops, pasture plants, etc., depending on depth, texture, kinds of minerals, salinity, kinds of salts, acidity, etc. + @@ -31231,44 +50778,59 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. soil chemistry The study of the inorganic and organic components of the soil and its life cycles. + + + soil compaction An increase in bulk density (mass per unit volume) and a decrease in soil porosity resulting from applied loads, vibration, or pressure. More compacted soils (or other materials) can support greater loads (load-bearing capacity). Bulk density can be increased by controlling the moisture content, compaction forces and treatment procedures, as well as by manipulating the type of material being compacted. + soil condition Description of the character of the surface of the ground at the time of observation, especially in relation to the influence of rain and snow. + soil conservation Management of soil to prevent or reduce soil erosion and depletion by wind and water. Preservation of soil against deterioration and loss by using it within its capabilities; application of conservation practices needed for its protection and improvement. + + soil conservation legislation A binding rule or body of rules prescribed by a government to protect and prevent the loss of an area's surface layer of decomposed rock and organic material, valued for its nutrients and ability to support life. + + + soil damage Soil impaired as a consequence of human activity. A study financed by UNEP, reporting in 1992, found that about 10,5% of the world's vegetative surface had been seriously damaged by human activity since 1945. The study found that much of the damage had been masked by a general rise in global agricultural productivity resulting from expanded irrigation, better plant varieties, and greater use of production inputs, such as fertilizers and pesticides. More than 1/3 of the damaged land was in Asia, almost 1/3 in Africa, and 1/4 in Central America. Some land had been damaged beyond restoration. The greatest sources of soil degradation were overgrazing, unsuitable agricultural practices, and deforestation. + soil decontamination Technologies employed in the removal of PCBs, PAH, pesticides and, more generally, of organic compounds by physical, chemical or biological treatments. + + + soil degradation Soil may deteriorate either by physical movement of soil particles from a given site or by depletion of the water-soluble elements in the soil which contribute to the nourishment of crop, plants, grasses, trees, and other economically usable vegetation. The physical movement generally is referred to as erosion. Wind, water, glacial ice, animals and tools in use may be agents of erosion. + @@ -31277,6 +50839,8 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. soil erosion Detachment and movement of topsoil or soil material from the upper part of the profile, by the action of wind or running water, especially as a result of changes brought about by human activity, such as unsuitable or mismanaged agriculture. + + @@ -31284,16 +50848,21 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. bibliography A complete or selective listing of documents by a given subject, author or publisher, often including the description and identification of the editions, dates of issue, titles, authorship, publishers or other written materials. + soil fertility The status of a soil with respect to the amount and availability to plants of elements necessary for plant growth. + + soil fertilisation The application of any organic or inorganic material of natural or synthetic origins to a soil to supply one or more elements essential to the growth of plants. + + @@ -31302,44 +50871,59 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. soil formation The combination of natural processes by which soils are formed. It is also known as pedogenesis. The most important soil-forming factors are parent material, terrain, climate, aspect, vegetation cover, microorganisms in the soil and the age of the land surface. Some pedologists would add to this list the influence of human activities. All the factors exhibit varying degrees of interrelationship and some are more important than others, with climate often being singled out as the most important. + + soil improvement Process of protecting the soil from excessive erosion and making soil more fertile and productive. + + soil layer Distinctive successive layers of soil produced by internal redistribution processes. Conventionally the layers have been divided into A, B and C horizons. The A horizon is the upper layer, containing humus and is leached and/or eluviated of many minerals. The B horizon forms a zone of deposition and is enriched with clay minerals and iron/aluminium oxides from the A layer. The C layer is the parent material for the present soil and may be partially weathered rock, transported glacial or alluvial material or an earlier soil. + soil loading In soil mechanics and civil engineering the term is used to denote the increased weight brought to bear on the ground surface. + + soil map A two-dimensional representation that shows the areal extent or the distribution of soils in relation to other features of the land surface. + + soil mechanics The study of the physical properties of soil, especially those properties that affect its ability to bear weight such as water content, density, strength, etc. + + soil mineralogy Study of the formation, occurrence, properties, composition, and classification of the minerals present in the soil. + + + soil moisture 1) Water stored in soils. 2) One of the most important elements involved in pedological processes and plant growth. There are three basic forms: a) water adhering in thin films by molecular attraction to the surface of soil particles and not available for plants is termed hygroscopic water. b) Water forming thicker films and occupying the smaller pore spaces is termed capillary water. Since it is held against the force of gravity it is permanently available for plant growth and it is this type of soil water which contains plant nutrients in solution. c) Water in excess of hygroscopic and capillary water is termed gravitational water, which is of a transitory nature because it flows away under the influence of gravity. When the excess has drained away the amount of water retained in the soil is termed its field capacity, when some of its pore spaces are still free of water. + @@ -31348,11 +50932,14 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. soil moisture regime The water regime of the soil is determined by the physical properties and arrangement of the soil particles. The pores in a soil determine its water-retention characteristics. When all the pores are full of water, the soil is said to be saturated. + soil organism Organisms which live in the soil. + + @@ -31360,16 +50947,21 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. soil pollutant Solid, liquid and gaseous substances that detrimentally alter the natural condition of the soil. + + bicycle A vehicle with two wheels in tandem, pedals connected to the rear wheel by a chain, handlebars for steering, and a saddlelike seat. + soil pollution Modifications of soil features or, more generally, of its chemical and biological balance, caused by the discharge of polluting substances. + + @@ -31378,6 +50970,7 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. soil process The major processes in soils are gains, losses, transfers, and transformations of organic matter, soluble salts, carbonates, silicate clay minerals, sesquioxides, and silica. Gains consist normally of additions of organic matter, and of oxygen and water through oxidation and hydration, but in some sites slow continuous additions of new mineral materials take place at the surface or soluble materials are deposited from groundwater. Losses are chiefly of materials dissolved or suspended in water percolating through the profile or running off the surface. + @@ -31392,6 +50985,7 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. soil profile A vertical section of a soil, showing horizons and parent material. + @@ -31400,21 +50994,29 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. soil quality All current positive or negative properties with regard to soil utilization and soil functions. + + soil resource + + soil salination The accumulation of soluble mineral salts near the surface of soil, usually caused by the capillary flow of water from saline ground water. Where the rate of surface evaporation is high, irrigation can exacerbate the problem by moistening the soil and causing water to be drawn from deeper levels as water evaporates from the surface. The evaporation of pure water leaves the salts behind, allowing them to accumulate, and they can reach concentrations that are toxic to plants, thus sterilizing the land. + + soil science The study of the properties, occurrence, and management of soil as a natural resource. Generally it includes the chemistry, microbiology, physics, morphology, and mineralogy of soils, as well as their genesis and classification. + + @@ -31424,28 +51026,37 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. soil settling Compaction involves the close-packing of the individual grains mainly by the elimination of pore-space and expulsion of entrapped water; this is normally brought about by the weight of the overlying sediments. + soil stabilisation Chemical or mechanical treatment designed to increase or maintain the stability of a soil mass or otherwise to improve its engineering properties, as by increasing its shear strength, reducing its compressibility, or decreasing its tendency to absorb water. Stabilization methods include physical compaction and treatment with cement, lime, and bitumen. + soil structure The combination or aggregation of primary soil particles into aggregates or clusters, which are separated from adjoining peds by surfaces of weakness. Soil structure is classified on the basis of size, shape, and distinctness into classes, types, and grades. + soil subsidence A sinking down of a part of the earth's crust, generally due to underground excavations. + + + soil surface sealing Any activity or process in which ground surface areas are packed or plugged to prevent percolation or the passage of fluids. + + + @@ -31454,11 +51065,13 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.soil texture 1) Refers to the relative proportions of the various size groups (sand, silt and clay) of the individual soil grains in a mass of soil. 2) Classification of soil by the proportion and graduations of the three size groups of soil grains, i.e., sand, silt and clay, present in the soil. + soil type A phase or subdivision of a soil series based primarily on texture of the surface soil to a depth at least equal to plow depth (about 15 cm). + @@ -31468,29 +51081,37 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.act 1) Something done voluntarily by a person, and of such a nature that certain legal consequences attach to it. 2) Documents, decrees, edicts, laws, judgments, etc. + soil use Functional utilization of soil for agriculture, industry, or residential building purposes. + + soil water Water stored in soils. + solar cell A device for converting sunlight into electrical power using a semiconductor sensitive to the photovoltaic effect. Solar cells are used on space satellites to power electronic equipment, and as their price falls they may come to be used to provide energy on the Earth. + + solar collector Device which converts the energy from light into electricity. The collector system contains a concentrator and a receiver. The concentrator redirects and focuses sunlight on the receiver by using mirrors or lenses, and the receiver absorbs solar radiation and converts it to heat. + + @@ -31498,6 +51119,7 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. solar energy The energy transmitted from the sun in the form of electromagnetic radiation. The most successful examples of energy extraction from the sun are so far solar cells used in satellites and solar collectors used to heat water. + @@ -31506,12 +51128,16 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. solar energy technology Solar energy can be converted to useful work or heat by using a collector to absorb solar radiation, allowing much of the sun's radiant energy to be converted to heat. This heat can be used directly in residential, industrial, and agricultural operations; converted to mechanical or electrical power; or applied in chemical reactions for production of fuels and chemicals. + + solar heating A domestic or industrial heating system that makes direct use of solar energy. The simplest form consists of a collector through which a fluid is pumped. The circuit also contains some form of heat storage tank and an alternative energy source to provide energy when the sun is not shining. The collector usually consists of a black surface through which water is piped, the black surface being enclosed behind glass sheets to make use of the greenhouse effect. + + @@ -31519,11 +51145,16 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. solar power station Plant where energy is generated using radiation from the sun. + + + solar radiation The electromagnetic radiation and particles emitted by the sun. + + @@ -31532,11 +51163,13 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. solid matter A crystalline material, that is, one in which the constituent atoms are arranged in a three-dimensional lattice, periodic in three independent directions. + solid state The physical state of matter in which the constituent molecules, atoms, or ions have no translatory motion although they vibrate about the fixed positions that they occupy in a crystal lattice. + @@ -31545,22 +51178,27 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. bilateral convention An international agreement, especially one dealing with a specific matter, involving two or both sides, factions, or the like. + solid waste Discarded solid materials. Includes agricultural waste, mining waste, industrial waste and municipal waste. + solid waste disposal The orderly discarding, release, collection, treatment or salvaging of unwanted or useless non-liquid, non-soluble refuse. + solubility The ability of a substance to form a solution with another substance. + + @@ -31569,33 +51207,52 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. solvent Substance, generally a liquid, capable of dissolving another substance. + + solvent recovery Solvent recovery is a widely practised form of recycling where spent solvents are distilled and reused. However, the cheaper solvents are often incinerated or dumped in hazardous waste landfill sites. + + + + + songbird Any passerine bird of the suborder Oscines, having highly developed vocal organs and, in most, a music call. + sonic boom A noise caused by a shock wave that emanates from an aircraft or other object traveling at or above sonic velocity. + + + soot Impure black carbon with oily compounds obtained from the incomplete combustion of resinous materials, oils, wood, or coal. + + + sorption The taking up, usually, of a liquid or gas into the body of another material (the absorbent). Thus, for instance, an air pollutant may be removed by absorption in a suitable solvent. + + + + + @@ -31605,6 +51262,7 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. sound Auditory sensation produced by the oscillations, stress, pressure, particle displacement, and particle velocity in a medium with internal forces; pressure variation that the human ear can detect. + @@ -31615,12 +51273,16 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. sound emission Diffusion into the environment of a sound emitted from a given source. + + sound immission The introduction in the environment of noise deriving from various sources that can be grouped in: transportation activities, industrial activities and daily normal activities. + + @@ -31628,71 +51290,89 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. sound level The sound pressure level (in decibels) at a point in a sound field, averaged over the audible frequency range and over a time interval. + sound measurement Because of the large variations in sound magnitudes, and because the human hearing sensation seems to vary in a logarithmic way, logarithms are used in measurement of sound. The sound pressure level is given in decibels (dB). + bilge oil Waste oil that accumulates, usually in small quantities, inside the lower spaces of a ship, just inside the shell plating, and usually mixed with larger quantities of water. + + + soundproofing Reducing or eliminating reverberation in a room by placing sound-absorbing materials on the walls and ceiling. + sound propagation The travelling of acoustic waves in the atmosphere with a speed independent of their amplitude. The speed only depends on the acoustic medium and is proportional to the square route of the absolute temperature for any given medium. + sound transmission Passage of a sound wave through a medium or series of media. + South America A continent in the southern part of the western hemisphere, astride the equator and the Tropic of Capricorn, bordered by the Caribbean Sea to the north and between the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans, connected to North America by the Isthmus of Panama, and divided into twelve countries: Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Chile, Columbia, Ecuador, Guyana, Paraguay, Peru, Suriname, Uruguay and Venezuela. + South Atlantic Ocean An ocean south of the equator between the eastern coast of South America and the western coast of Africa that extends southward to the Antarctic continent, including the Drake Passage, South Sandwich Islands and Falkand Islands. + Southeast Asia A geographic region of continental Asia, south of China, west of the South Pacific Ocean, north of the Indian Ocean, and east of the Bay of Bengal and the Indian subcontinent, including the Indochina Peninsula, the Malay Peninsula and the Indonesian and Philippine Archipelagos, and countries such as Brunei, Cambodia, Indonesia, Laos, Malaysia, Myanmar, the Philippines, Singapore, Thailand and Vietnam. + bilge water Water that builds up in the bottom of a ship's bilge. + + + Southern Africa A geographic region of the African continent astride the Tropic of Capricorn, including Angola, Botswana, Lesotho, Malawi, Mozambique, Namibia, South Africa, Swaziland, Zambia and Zimbabwe, and also the Kalahari Desert, Zambezi River and Orange River. + Southern Asia A geographic region of the Asian continent bordered in the north by the countries of Central Asia and in the south by the Arabian Sea and the Bay of Bengal, extending westward into Iran and eastward into China, including Afghanistan, Pakistan, India, Nepal, Bangladesh, Burma, Bhutan and Sri Lanka. + South Pacific Ocean An ocean south of the equator between Southeast Asia and Australia in the Eastern hemisphere and South America in the Western hemisphere, extending southward to the Antarctic region, including the Tasman and Coral seas and numerous islands, such as Galapagos, Solomon, Easter, Samoa, Fiji and Tonga islands, and also New Zealand and its islands. + space (interplanetary) Space extending between the sun and the planets of the solar system. Interplanetary space is not empty, but contains dust, particles with an electric charge, and the magnetic field of the sun (also called the IMF, or Interplanetary Magnetic Field). + @@ -31700,6 +51380,8 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. space transportation Transportation by means of vehicles designed to operate in free space outside the earth's atmosphere. + + @@ -31707,6 +51389,8 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. space travel Travel in the space beyond the earth's atmosphere performed for scientific research purposes. + + @@ -31715,26 +51399,33 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. space waste Nonfunctional debris of human origin left in a multitude of orbits about the earth as the result of the exploration and use of the environment lying outside the earth's atmosphere. + + spasmodic croup + spatial mobility The rate of moves or migrations made by a given population within a given time frame. + + special authorisation An exceptional granting of power or permission or a legislative act authorizing money to be spent on government programs. + specialisation (biological) Evolutionary adaptation to a particular mode of life or habitat. + @@ -31742,12 +51433,16 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. special law One relating to particular persons or things; one made for individual cases or for particular places or districts; one operating upon a selected class, rather than upon the public generally. A law is special when it is different from others of the same general kind or designed for a particular purpose, or limited in range or confined to a prescribed field of action or operation. + bioaccumulation 1) The accumulation of pollutants in living organisms by direct adsorption or through food chains. 2) Accumulation by an organism of materials that are not an essential component or nutrient of that organism. Usually it refers to the accumulation of metals, but it can apply to bioaccumulation of persistent synthetic substances such as organochlorine compounds. Many organisms, such as plants, fungi and bacteria, will accumulate metals when grown in solutions containing them. The process can be employed usefully as a purification process to remove toxic heavy metals from waste water and contaminated land. + + + @@ -31755,6 +51450,8 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. special waste Waste which must be handled in a particular manner and for which particular rules apply. + + @@ -31764,6 +51461,7 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. species A taxonomic category ranking immediately below a genus and including closely related, morphologically similar individuals which actually or potentially inbreed. + @@ -31778,6 +51476,8 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. conservation of species Controlled utilization, protection or development of selected classes of plants or animals for their richness, biodiversity and benefits to humanity. + + @@ -31785,16 +51485,21 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. species conservation programme An organized group of activities and procedures, often run by a government agency or a nonprofit organization, to preserve and protect living organisms designated as being at risk. + + species impoverishment Loss of species due to factors such as climate change or random events such as persistent drought, natural catastrophe, the emergence of a new predator, or genetic mutation. + species reintroduction Reintroducing wild animal and plant species to their natural habitat. The reintroduction of species in a region requires a preliminary study to establish the reasons of their disappearance and the modifications that might have occurred in the biotopes. + + @@ -31802,53 +51507,78 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. spectroscopy The branch of physics concerned with the production, measurement, and interpretation of electromagnetic spectra arising from either emission or absorption of radiant energy by various substances. + + + + speed A scalar measure of the rate of movement of a body expressed either as the distance travelled divided by the time taken (average speed) or the rate of change of position with respect to time at a particular point (instantaneous speed). It is measured in metres per second, miles per hour, etc. + + + speed limit The maximum permitted speed at which a vehicle may travel on certain roads. + spider Any predatory silk-producing arachnid of the order Araneae, having four pairs of legs and a rounded unsegmented body consisting of abdomen and cephalothorax. + abandoned vehicle A vehicle that has been discarded in the environment, urban or otherwise, often found wrecked, destroyed, damaged or with a major component part stolen or missing. + + bioaccumulative pollutant Pollutants that become concentrated in living organisms through the consumption of food or water. + + spillage The uncontrolled discharge, leakage, dripping or running over of fluids or liquid substances. + + + spoil dump Place where rubbish and waste minerals dug out of a mine are deposited. + + + + poriferan The sponges, a phylum of the animal kingdom characterized by the presence of canal systems and chambers through which water is drawn in and released; tissues and organs are absent. + sport The complex of individual or group activities pursued for exercise or pleasure, often taking a competitive form. + + + + @@ -31856,6 +51586,8 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. sports facility Buildings, constructions, installations, organized areas and equipment for indoor and outdoor sport activities. + + @@ -31864,61 +51596,82 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. spray can An aerosol can for applying paint, deodorant, etc., as a fine spray. + bio-availability The extent to which a drug or other substance is taken up by a specific tissue or organ after administration. + sprayed asbestos Asbestos emitted into the atmosphere in a spraying operation. + + + spring (hydrology, land) A place where ground water flows naturally from a rock or the soil onto the land surface or into a body of surface water. + spring water Water obtained from an underground formation from which water flows naturally to the surface, or would flow naturally to the surface if it were not collected underground. + spurting Supplying water or pesticides to crops with a spray. + + square An open area in a town, sometimes including the surrounding buildings. + + + squatter settlement Settlement on land or property to which there is no legal title. + + + stabilisation lagoon Ponds in which wastes are allowed to decompose over long periods of time and aeration is provided only by wind action. Sunlight is allowed to fall on sewage to purify it. + + stable A building or structure usually with stalls that is used to house and feed horses, cattle or other animals. + + + stack The portion of a chimney rising above the roof. + @@ -31927,6 +51680,7 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. + @@ -31940,17 +51694,22 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. standardisation The act of conforming to a rule. + standard for building industry A norm or measure applicable in legal cases for any enterprise involved in the construction, remodeling or finishing of enclosed structures for habitation. + + staple food The most commonly or regularly eaten food in a country or community and which forms the mainstay of the total calorie supply, especially in the poorer populations and at times of food shortage. + + @@ -31958,11 +51717,15 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. starch A polysaccharide which is a combination of many monosaccharide molecules, made during photosynthesis and stored as starch grains in many plants. + + + state A people permanently occupying a fixed territory bound together by common law, habits and custom into one body politic exercising, through the medium of an organized government, independent sovereignty and control over all persons and things within its boundaries, unless or until authority is ceded to a federation or union of other states. + @@ -31972,29 +51735,39 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. state of the art Everything made available to the public by means of a written or oral description, by use or in any other way before the date of the patent application, or an application filed in a foreign country the priority of which is validly claimed. + + data on the state of the environment + + report on the state of the environment A written account on the level of integrity and conditions of the ecosystem and natural resources in a given region, usually presented by an official person or body mandated to protect human health and the environment in that region. + + biochemical method Method based on the utilisation of a biochemical mechanism, e.g. any chemical reaction or series of reactions, usually enzyme catalysed, which produces a given physiological effect in a living organism. + + state of waste + state of matter One of the three fundamental conditions of matter: the solid, the liquid, and gaseous states. + @@ -32004,6 +51777,9 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. station A place along a route or line at which a bus, train, etc. stops for fuel or to pick up or let off passengers or goods, especially with ancillary buildings and services. + + + @@ -32011,11 +51787,13 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. statistical analysis The body of techniques used in statistical inference concerning a population. + statistical data + @@ -32026,6 +51804,7 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. statistics A branch of mathematics dealing with the collection, analysis, interpretation, and presentation of masses of numerical data. + @@ -32038,12 +51817,19 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. waste statistics Determination of the quantity and character of the wastes discarded by a community, by spot sampling procedure. + + + + status of development The extent to which a society promotes human well-being in all dimensions of existence by forming people's capabilities, expanding choices and increasing opportunities. + + + @@ -32051,73 +51837,97 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. prescription statutory limitation + statutory public body An association, supported in whole or part by public funding, that is established to operate programs for the public, often with little interference from government in day-to-day business. + steady noise Unceasing prolonged noise, without interruption. + + steam generator A pressurized system in which water is vaporized to steam by heat transferred from a source of higher temperature, usually the products of combustion from burning fuels. Also known as steam boiler. + + steel Any of various alloys based on iron containing carbon (usually 0.1-0.7 per cent) and often small quantities of other elements such as phosphorus, sulphur, manganese, chromium, and nickel. Steels exhibit a variety of properties, such as strength, machinability, malleability, etc., depending on their composition and the way they have been treated. + + steel industry Industry that deals with the processing of iron. + sterilisation (process) An act or process of destroying all forms of microbial life on and in an object. + + + + steroid A compound composed of a series of four carbon rings joined together to form a structural unit called cyclopentanoperhydrophenanthrene. + incentive fund Money or financial resources set aside to stimulate, encourage, or incite action towards greater productivity. + + stock (biological) A group of individuals of one species within a specified area. + adaptable species + stock management The handling or controlling of accumulated materials or stored goods. + stocktaking The counting over of materials or goods on hand, as in a stockroom or store. + + stone A general term for rock that is used in construction, either crushed for use as aggregate or cut into shaped blocks as dimension stone. + + + @@ -32125,24 +51935,34 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. storage dam A barrier of concrete, earth, etc., built across a river to create a body of water. + + storm An atmospheric disturbance involving perturbations of the prevailing pressure and wind fields on scales ranging from tornadoes to extratropical cyclones; also the associated weather and the like. + + + storm damage Storms may cause flooding and damage to crops; uproot trees; damage roofs and chimneys; break windows, leading to rain damage; overturn trucks; affect transportation, communication and energy supplies; delay building construction and destroy traditional landmarks. In their more violent form, storms may cause severe damage and loss of life. + + + + biochemical process Chemical processes occurring in living organisms. + @@ -32154,21 +51974,33 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. stove A chamber within which a fuel-air mixture is burned to provide heat, the heat itself being radiated outward from the chamber; used for space heating, process-fluid heating, and steel blast furnaces. + + + stratification The arrangement of a body of water, as a lake, into two or more horizontal layers of different characteristics, especially densities. + + + + stratosphere The layer of the atmosphere which is sandwiched between the troposphere and mesosphere. Of the energy that reaches the Earth from the sun, only 3% is absorbed in the stratosphere, but that includes the vitally important process of absorption of ultraviolet radiation by the stratospheric ozone layer. The stratosphere is cloudless and dust free, and almost unaffected by the turbulent conditions of the underlying level of the atmosphere. + + stratospheric ozone depletion Damage of the ozone shield by chemicals released on Earth. The main chemicals that are depleting stratospheric ozone are chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs), which are used in refrigerators, aerosols, and as cleaners in many industries, and halons which are used in fire extinguishers. The damage is caused when these chemicals release highly reactive forms of chlorine and bromine. + + + @@ -32176,6 +52008,7 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. biochemical substance Chemical substances that occur in animals, microorganisms, and plants. + @@ -32192,22 +52025,31 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. stream measurement The quantitative determination of the rate and amount of flow or discharge from a natural body of running water, such as a small river or brook. + street cleaning The process of removing dirt, litter or other unsightly materials from city or town streets. + + + + strength of materials + stress A stimulus or succession of stimuli of such magnitude as to tend to disrupt the homeostasis of the organism. + + + @@ -32215,52 +52057,70 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. strip mining Superficial mining, in which the valuable rock is exposed by removal of overburden. Coal, numerous nonmetals and metalliferous ores (iron and copper) are worked in this way. Sinonym: strip mining, opencast mining, openpit mining. + + strontium A soft silvery-white element of the alkaline earth group of metals, occurring chiefly as celestite and as strontianite. Its compounds burn with a crimson flame and are used in fire works. + structural adjustment program A program for economic reforms aimed at improving or liberalizing an economy, which is advocated and imposed by the World Bank and International Monetary Fund on poor or developing countries in exchange for new loans. + structure-activity relationship The association between a chemical structure and carcinogenicity. + + + + structure-borne noise Sound that travels over at least part of its path by means of the vibration of a solid structure. + biochemistry The study of chemical substances occurring in living organisms and the reactions and methods for identifying these substances. + + structure plan Metropolitan structure and land use plan intended to outline the general lines along which development should proceed in an area. + + + submarine morphology That aspect of geological oceanography which deals with the relief features of the ocean floor and with the forces that modify them. + submarine + biocide A diverse group of poisonous substance including preservatives, insecticides, disinfectants and pesticides used for the control of organisms that are harmful to human or animal health or that cause damage to natural or manufactured products. + + @@ -32271,111 +52131,155 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. subsequent order + subsidence 1) A sinking down of a part of the earth's crust, generally due to underground excavations. 2) The sudden sinking or gradual downward settling of the Earth's surface with little or no horizontal motion. The movement is not restricted in rate, magnitude, or area involved. Subsidence may be caused by natural geologic processes, such as solution, thawing, compaction, slow crustal warping, or withdrawal of fluid lava from beneath a solid crust; or by man's activity, such as subsurface mining or the pumping of oil or ground water. + + subsidy Any monetary grant made by the government to a private industrial undertaking or charitable organization, but especially one given to consumers or producers in order to lower the market price of some service or product and make it readily affordable to the public. + + subsoil Soil underlying surface soil, devoid of plant roots. + subsoil drainage The removal of surplus water from within the soil by natural or artificial means, such as by drains placed below the surface to lower the water table below the root zone. + + substitutability (chemistry) The capability of a substance of being replaced by another, for example sweeteners used in place of sugar. + + + + substitution of halogenated compounds Halogenated compounds, because of their toxical and persistent character, should be substituted by environmental friendly compounds, like water-based fat solvents in metal processing industry or water-based coating agents. + + + + substitution of phosphate Replacement of phosphate in detergents by environmentally safer substances, such as zeolite. The substitute will not act as a nutrient, and so will not cause eutrophication as a result of the accelerated growth of plants and microorganisms if it is released into waterways. + + substrate cultivation + subtropical ecosystem The interacting system of a biological community and its non-living environmental surroundings in regions bordering on the tropics or the regions between tropical and temperate zones. + + bioclimatology The study of climate in relation to fauna and flora. + + + suburb A residential district situated on the outskirts of a city or town. + + + sugar (product) A sweet crystalline or powdered substance, white when pure, consisting of sucrose obtained mainly from sugar cane and sugar beets and used in many foods, drinks, and medicines to improve their taste. + + sugar industry Establishments primarily engaged in processing raw cane sugar, sugar beets or starches to finished sucrose, glucose or fructose. By-products of this industry include beet pulp and inedible molasses. + + + biocoenosis A community or natural assemblage of organisms; often used as an alternative to ecosystem but strictly is the fauna/flora association excluding physical aspects of the environment. + sulphate A salt or ester of sulfuric acid, widely distributed in nature and often found in the atmosphere. + sulphide Any compound that includes one or more sulfur atoms with a more electropositive element, either carbon, metal or some other nonoxygen atom. + sulphur A nonmetallic element existing in a crystalline or amorphous form and in four stable isotopes; used as a chemical intermediate and fungicide, and in rubber vulcanization. It is deposited from volcanic vents and fumaroles and also is found in sedimentary rocks, particularly with gypsum and limestone, and associated with salt-domes. Native sulphur is the main source of sulphur for the sulphuric acid industry, followed by sour gas (natural gas containing hydrogen sulphide) and pyrite. Sulphur is an essential plant macronutrient. + bioconcentration factor The quotient of the concentration of a chemical in aquatic organisms at a specific time or during a discrete time period of exposure, divided by the concentration in the surrounding water at the same time or during the same period. + + + sulphur concentration Sulphur content in a solution. + + + sulphur dioxide Emissions of the gas given off during the burning of fossil fuels in power stations and other boilers. Sulphur dioxide is created because sulphur is an impurity in most coal and oils. When the fuel is burned the hot sulphur reacts with oxygen in the atmosphere to form sulphur dioxide. + + @@ -32383,11 +52287,13 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. sulphuric acid A toxic, corrosive, strongly acid, colorless liquid that is miscible with water and dissolves most metals, and melts at 10C; used in industry in the manufacture of chemicals, fertilizers and explosives, and in petroleum refining. + sulphur oxide An oxide of sulphur, such as sulphur dioxide and sulphur trioxide; they are formed primarily from the combustion of fossil fuels; major air pollutants and cause of damage to the respiratory tract as well as vegetation. + @@ -32396,6 +52302,8 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.biodegradability The extent to which a substance can be decomposed - or rotted - by bacteria and fungi. Implies that residues from degradation are nontoxic. One of the most misleading claims in business, because shoppers often assume a biodegradable product to be harmless. Some harmful compounds take much longer to degrade than others and the product can harm the environment while it is rotting. Biodegradation may also be incomplete, sometimes leaving residues in the environment which are more harmful than the original substance. Accumulation in the environment of nonbiodegradable (or poorly biodegradable) substances, such as some biocides, can cause serious problems. + + @@ -32403,48 +52311,62 @@ Implies that residues from degradation are nontoxic. One of the most misleading supervision of building works The oversight or direction in the construction and maintenance of houses, facilities, offices and other structures. + + supervision of installation The oversight or direction over the process of setting up or making adjustments to a building or to a mechanical or electrical system or apparatus. + + supervisory body An appointed or official group given the responsibility of overseeing or managing normal work operations, special projects or other functions of an organization or agency. + supply (trade) The willingness and ability to sell a range of quantities of a good at a range of prices, during a given time period. Supply is one half of the market exchange process; the other is demand. + + surface-active agent A substance that, when used in small quantities, modifies the surface properties of liquids or solids. A surface-active agent reduces surface tension in a fluid or the interfacial tension between two immiscible fluids, such as oil and water. Surfactants are particularly useful in accomplishing the wetting or penetration of solids by aqueous liquids and serve in the manner of detergent, emulsifying, or dispersing agents. They are more effective than soap in certain situations and are used by conservators for such purposes as cleaning, wetting, and dispersing. + + surface runoff Water that travels over the soil surface to the nearest surface stream; runoff of a drainage basin that has not passed beneath the surface since precipitation. + + surface tension The force acting on the surface of a liquid, tending to minimize the area of the surface; quantitatively, the force that appears to act across a line of unit length on the surface. Also known as interfacial force; interfacial tension; surface intensity. + surface treatment Any method of treating a material (metal, polymer, or wood) so as to alter the surface, rendering it receptive to inks, paints, lacquers, adhesives, and various other treatments, or resistant to weather or chemical attack. + surface water All waters on the surface of the Earth found in streams, rivers, ponds, lakes, marshes or wetlands, and as ice and snow. + @@ -32460,27 +52382,35 @@ Implies that residues from degradation are nontoxic. One of the most misleading biodegradable pollutant A pollutant which can be converted by biological processes into simple inorganic molecules. + + surgical waste Any tissue, blood or mucus removed during surgery or autopsy, soiled surgical dressings, or other materials requiring special disposal procedures. + + surplus The extent to which assets exceed liabilities, especially the profits remaining after operating expenses, taxes, interest and insurance costs are subtracted. + surveillance System that permits the continuous observation, measurement and evaluation of the progress of a process or phenomenon with the view to taking corrective measures. + survey A critical examination of facts or conditions to provide information on a situation. Usually conducted by interviews and/or on-site visitations. + + @@ -32490,6 +52420,8 @@ Implies that residues from degradation are nontoxic. One of the most misleading sustainable development Development that provides economic, social and environmental benefits in the long term having regard to the needs of living and future generations. Defined by the World Commission on Environment and Development in 1987 as: development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs. + + @@ -32501,11 +52433,15 @@ Implies that residues from degradation are nontoxic. One of the most misleading sustainable development indicator Statistical indicators used for measuring sustainable development that may be chosen among a wide range of themes as, for example, environmental capacity and quality of life. + sustainable use Use of the environment and its living resources at a rate that does not exceed its capacity for renewal in order to ensure its availability for future generations. + + + @@ -32514,18 +52450,22 @@ Implies that residues from degradation are nontoxic. One of the most misleading marsh An periodically inundated area of low ground having shrubs and trees, with or without the formation of peat. + sweetener A sweetening agent, especially one that does not contain sugar. + + symbiosis A close and mutually beneficial association of organisms of different species. + @@ -32533,6 +52473,8 @@ Implies that residues from degradation are nontoxic. One of the most misleading biodegradation Breaking down of a substance by microorganisms. + + @@ -32542,6 +52484,8 @@ Implies that residues from degradation are nontoxic. One of the most misleading synecology Study of the ecology of organisms, populations, communities or systems. + + @@ -32558,6 +52502,10 @@ Implies that residues from degradation are nontoxic. One of the most misleading synergism An ecological association in which the physiological processes of behaviour of an individual are enhanced by the nearby presence of another organism. + + + + @@ -32566,22 +52514,28 @@ Implies that residues from degradation are nontoxic. One of the most misleading synergistic effect of toxic substances 1) A state in which the combined effect of two or more substances is greater than the sum of the separate effects. 2) An effect whereby two toxic substance together have more of an impact than anticipated. + + synthetic detergent An artificially produced solid or liquid cleansing substance that acts like soap but is stronger, and is capable of dissolving oily materials and dispersing them in water. + synthetic fibres industry + + biodiversity 1) Genetic diversity: the variation between individuals and between populations within a species; species diversity: the different types of plants, animals and other life forms within a region; community or ecosystem diversity: the variety of habitats found within an area (grassland, marsh, and woodland for instance. 2) An umbrella term to describe collectively the variety and variability of nature. It encompasses three basic levels of organisation in living systems: the genetic, species, and ecosystem levels. Plant and animal species are the most commonly recognized units of biological diversity, thus public concern has been mainly devoted to conserving species diversity. + @@ -32593,47 +52547,60 @@ Implies that residues from degradation are nontoxic. One of the most misleading synthetic material Material made artificially by chemical reaction. + synthetic materials industry + + synthetic textile fibre An artificially produced filament or threadlike strand used by manufacturers to produce clothes or other goods that require weaving, knitting or felting, including polyester, nylon, rayon and other similar material. + systems analysis A means of organizing elements into an integrated analytic and/or decisionmaking procedure to achieve the best possible results. + systems comparison Analysis or estimate noting similarities and differences in the operations of businesses and organizations. + + systems theory The science concerned with the general study of structures and behaviours of systems which may be applicable in different branches of learning. + + taking of evidence In criminal law and torts, the act of laying hold upon an evidence, with or without removing the same. + tanker (truck) A truck designed for bulk shipment of liquids or gases. + tanker (ship) A ship designed for bulk shipment of liquids or gases. + + @@ -32641,59 +52608,79 @@ Implies that residues from degradation are nontoxic. One of the most misleading tank farm Storage space for containers of liquids or gases. + + tannin One of a group of complex organic chemicals commonly found in leaves, unripe fruits, and the bark of trees. Their function is uncertain though the unpleasant taste may discourage grazing animals. Some tannins have commercial uses, notably in the production of leather and ink; used in tanning, as a mordant in dyeing, and in ink manufacture. + + tar A viscous material composed of complex, high-molecular-weight, compounds derived from the distillation of petroleum or the destructive distillation of wood or coal. + + + target group A collection of people selected and approached by some entity for a variety of purposes, including assistance, recruitment, information dissemination, marketing and research. + + adaptation period + bioethics The study of ethical problems arising from biological research and its applications in such fields as organ transplantation, genetic engineering, or artificial insemination. + + + tariff A classified list or scale of charges made in any private or public business. + + + tar production The manufacture of dark, heavy, viscous substances or residue, which is obtained by the distillation of organic materials such as coal, wood and petroleum. + tar sand A sandstone in which hydrocarbons have been trapped; the lighter compounds evaporate, leaving a residue of asphalt in the rock pores. + tar use Any employment or utilization of dark, heavy, viscous substances or residue derived from the distillation of certain organic materials, often to produce benzene, soap, dyes, cosmetics and other products. + tax An amount of money demanded by a government for its support or for specific facilities or services, most frequently levied upon income, property or sales. + @@ -32703,6 +52690,7 @@ Implies that residues from degradation are nontoxic. One of the most misleading taxation The act or result of a government requiring money for its support or for specific facilities or services. + @@ -32712,21 +52700,26 @@ Implies that residues from degradation are nontoxic. One of the most misleading tax differentiation + tax law A binding rule or body of rules prescribed by a government stipulating the sum of money and manner of collection it demands for governmental support, facilities and services, usually levied upon income, property, sales or other financial resources. + + taxonomy The branch of biology concerned with the classification of organisms into groups based on similarities of structures, origin, etc. + teaching The act of imparting knowledge or skill. + @@ -32735,22 +52728,32 @@ Implies that residues from degradation are nontoxic. One of the most misleading biogas Gas, rich in methane, which is produced by the fermentation of animal dung, human sewage or crop residues in an air-tight container. It is used as a fuel, to heat stoves, lamps, run small machines and to generate electricity. The residues of biogas production are used as a low-grade organic fertilizer. Biogas fuels do not usually cause any pollution to the atmosphere, and because they come from renewable energy resources they have great potential for future use. + + + + + teaching method A procedure, technique or system with definite plans for instruction or imparting knowledge. + technical regulation for dangerous substances Technical Guideline for Dangerous Substances: technical rules for handling dangerous materials. + + biogeochemical cycle Movement of chemical elements in a circular pathway, from organisms to physical environment, back to organisms. The process is termed a nutrient cycle if the elements concerned are trace elements, which are essential to life. A biogeochemical cycle occurs when vegetation decomposes and minerals are incorporated naturally in the humus for future plant growth. + + @@ -32760,6 +52763,8 @@ Implies that residues from degradation are nontoxic. One of the most misleading technological change Changing of industrial methods by introducing new technology. + + @@ -32767,11 +52772,14 @@ Implies that residues from degradation are nontoxic. One of the most misleading technological development + + technological hazard Any application of practical or mechanical sciences to industry or commerce capable of harming persons, property or the environment. + @@ -32780,12 +52788,14 @@ Implies that residues from degradation are nontoxic. One of the most misleading technological process + technology Systematic knowledge of and its application to industrial processes; closely related to engineering and science. + @@ -32802,47 +52812,64 @@ Implies that residues from degradation are nontoxic. One of the most misleading biogeochemistry + technology acceptance The approval, favorable reception and ongoing use of newly introduced devices and systems, usually developed from recent advances in the engineering sciences or industrial arts. + + technology assessment The systematic analysis of the anticipated impact of a particular technology in regard to its safety and efficacy as well as its social, political, economic, and ethical consequences. + + technology transfer The transfer of development and design work: a) from a parent company to a subsidiary, perhaps in another nation where it will be paid for in repatriated profits or royalties; b) from one country to another as a form of aid to help promote development and sustainable growth. Many nations have made great progress on the strength of technology transfer. + + + + tectonics A branch of geology dealing with the broad architecture of the outer part of the Earth, that is, the regional assembling of structural or deformation features, a study of their mutual relations, origin and historical evolution. + + - telecommunications + telecommunication The conveyance of images, speech and other sounds, usually over great distances, through technological means, particularly by television, telegraph, telephone or radio. + + biogeographical region Area of the Earth's surface defined by the species of fauna and flora it contains. + telematics The convergence of computing and communications technologies, thus the use of telephone or radio to link computers and the use of computers to send messages via telephone or radio links. + telemetry The use of radio waves, telephone lines, etc., to transmit the readings of measuring instruments to a device on which the readings can be indicated or recorded. + + @@ -32850,22 +52877,31 @@ Implies that residues from degradation are nontoxic. One of the most misleading television The process, equipment or programming involved in converting a succession of audiovisual images into corresponding electrical signals that are transmitted by means of electromagnetic waves to distant receivers or screens, at which the signals can be used to reproduce the original image. + + biogeography The science concerned with the geographical distribution of animal and plant life. + + + temperate ecosystem The interacting system of a biological community and its non-living environmental surroundings in regions of or related to moderate climates, intermediate between tropical and polar zones and having distinct warm to hot summer seasons and cool to cold winter seasons. + + temperate forest Mixed forest of conifers and broad-leaf deciduous trees, or mixed conifer and broad-leaf evergreen trees, or entirely broad-leaf deciduous, or entirely broad-leaf evergreen trees, found in temperate regions across the world; characterized by high rainfall, warm summers, cold winters occasionally subzero, seasonality; typically with dense canopies, understorey saplings and tall shrubs, large animals, carnivores dominant, very rich in bird species. + + @@ -32873,53 +52909,71 @@ Implies that residues from degradation are nontoxic. One of the most misleading temperate woodland Forest dominated by broad-leaved hardwoods, which occurs over large tracts in the mid-latitudes of Europe, N. America, and eastern Asia, but which is restricted in the southern hemisphere to Chilean Patagonia. + + temperature A property that determines the direction of heat flow when an object is brought into thermal contact with other objects: heat flows from regions of higher to those of lower temperatures. + + temporary housing + temporary shelter Simple facilities for asylum or provisional lodgings to individuals or groups in emergencies. + temporary storage Any deposit or holdings of goods, materials or waste in a facility, container, tank or some other physical location for a brief or short time period. + + + teratogenesis The process whereby abnormalities of the offspring are generated, usually as the result of damage to the embryonal structure during the first trimester of pregnancy, producing deformity of the fetus. + teratogenesis screening + teratogenicity The ability or tendency to produce anomalies of formation. + + teratogen Substances causing formation of a congenital anomaly or monstrosity in the embryo. + + + terminology The body of specialized words relating to a particular subject. + + @@ -32927,11 +52981,13 @@ Implies that residues from degradation are nontoxic. One of the most misleading termite A soft-bodied insect of the order Isoptera; individuals feed on cellulose and live in colonies with a caste system comprising three types of functional individuals: sterile workers and soldiers, and the reproductives. Also known as white ant. + terrestrial area Subdivisions of the continental surfaces distinguished from one another on the basis of the form, roughness, and surface composition of the land. + @@ -32954,11 +53010,14 @@ Implies that residues from degradation are nontoxic. One of the most misleading terrestrial biological resource Any source of supply derived from plants, animals or other wildlife inhabiting land or ground, which may be used by humans for food, clothes and other necessities. + terrestrial ecosystem Any terrestrial environment, from small to large, in which plants and animals interact with the chemical and physical features of the environment. + + @@ -32980,32 +53039,40 @@ Implies that residues from degradation are nontoxic. One of the most misleading biological activity + territorial policy A course of action adopted and pursued by government, business or some other organization, which determines the present and future use of each parcel of land in an area. + chemical addition Chemical reaction in which one or more of the double bonds or triple bonds in an unsaturated compound is converted to a single bond by the addition of other atoms or groups. + territory An area that an animal or group of animals defends, mainly against members of the same species. + + tertiary sector The part of a country or region's economy that produces services or assets lacking a tangible and storable form. + + test To carry out an examination on (a substance, material, or system) by applying some chemical or physical procedure designed to indicate the presence of a substance or the possession of a property. + @@ -33019,22 +53086,27 @@ Implies that residues from degradation are nontoxic. One of the most misleading test animal Animals on which experiments are conducted in order to provide evidence for or against a scientific hypothesis, or to prove the efficacy of drugs or the reaction to certain products. + + biological analysis The analysis of a substance in order to ascertain its influence on living organisms. + testing guideline + testing method + @@ -33050,48 +53122,61 @@ Implies that residues from degradation are nontoxic. One of the most misleading test organism Any animal organism used for scientific research. + + biological attribute Properties or features belonging to living organisms. + textile industry Industry for the production of fabrics. + + textile A material made of natural or man-made fibers and used for the manufacture of items such as clothing and furniture fittings. + thallium Bluish-white metal with tinlike malleability, but a little softer; used in alloys. + theory of money A coherent group of general propositions about the supply and demand of money, interest rates, the flow of money's influence on the overall economy or the policies that should be adopted by institutions controlling the money supply. + theory of the welfare state A political conception of government in a capitalist economy where the state is responsible for insuring that all members of society attain a minimum standard of living through redistribution of resources, progressive taxation and universal social programs, including health care and education. + + + therapy The treatment of physical, mental or social disorders or disease. + thermal insulation The process of preventing the passage of heat to or from a body by surrounding it with a nonconducting material. + @@ -33099,23 +53184,35 @@ Implies that residues from degradation are nontoxic. One of the most misleading thermal pollution The excessive raising or lowering of water temperature above or below normal seasonal ranges in streams, lakes, or estuaries or oceans as the result of discharge of hot or cold effluents into such water. + + + + thermal power plant A power-generating plant which uses heat to produce energy. Such plants may burn fossil fuels or use nuclear energy to produce the necessary thermal energy. + + + thermal sea power The concept of utilizing the temperature differences of 20°C or more that occur between the surface of an ocean and its depths to achieve a continuous supply of power; this temperature difference may be found in the tropical regions of the world. Various small plants have been constructed to demonstrate the principle. + + thermal treatment 1) Heating and cooling a metal or alloy to obtain desired properties or conditions. 2) Treatment of hazardous waste in a device which uses elevated temperatures as the primary means to change the chemical, physical, or biological character or composition of the hazardous waste. Examples of thermal treatment processes are incineration, molten salt, pyrolysis, calcination, wet air oxidation, and microwave discharge. + + + @@ -33124,44 +53221,65 @@ Implies that residues from degradation are nontoxic. One of the most misleading thermal water Water, generally of a spring or geyser, whose temperature is appreciably above the local mean annual air temperature. + + thermodynamics The branch of physics which seeks to derive, from a few basic postulates, relationships between properties of matter, especially those connected with temperature, and a description of the conversion of energy from one form to another. + + + thermoselect process Trade-Mark-Name for a thermic waste processing technology. Gasification is emerging as an alternative to combustion in the treatment and energy recovery from Municipal Solid Waste. Several innovative processes and demonstration plants are trying to achieve higher electrical efficiencies and lower emissions using this technology. + + + + thesaurus A compilation of terms showing synonyms, related terms and other relationships and dependencies, often used in a book format or as a standardized, controlled vocabulary for an information storage and retrieval system. + biological development The action of growing of living organisms. + threshold value The maximum concentration of a particular substance to which a worker should be exposed in a given period of time. + + + + + tidal power Mechanical power, which may be converted to electrical power, generated by the rise and fall of ocean tides. The possibilities of utilizing tidal power have been studied for many generations, but the only feasible schemes devised so far are based on the use of one or more tidal basins, separated from the sea by dams (known as barrages), and of hydraulic turbines through which water passes on its way between the basins and the sea. + + + tidal water Any water whose level changes periodically due to tidal action. + + @@ -33169,6 +53287,8 @@ Implies that residues from degradation are nontoxic. One of the most misleading tide The periodic rise and fall of the water resulting from gravitational interaction between the sun, moon and earth. In each lunar day of 24 hours and 49 minutes there are two high tides and two low tides. + + @@ -33176,6 +53296,8 @@ Implies that residues from degradation are nontoxic. One of the most misleading timber industry Industry related with timber harvesting and processing. + + @@ -33185,12 +53307,16 @@ Implies that residues from degradation are nontoxic. One of the most misleading time 1) The dimension of the physical universe which, at a given place, orders the sequence of events. 2) A designated instant in this sequence, as the time of day. Also known as epoch. + + + biological effect Biological effects include allergic reactions, respiratory disorders, hypersensitivity diseases and infectious diseases and can be caused by a variety of contaminants and pollutants. + @@ -33202,12 +53328,15 @@ Implies that residues from degradation are nontoxic. One of the most misleading tin (element) A metallic element, occurring in cassiterite, that has several allotropes; the ordinary malleable silvery-white metal slowly changes below 13.2°C to a grey powder. It is used extensively in alloys, especially bronze and pewter, and as a noncorroding coating for steel. + tissue A part of an organism consisting of a large number of cells having a similar structure and function. + + @@ -33216,53 +53345,73 @@ Implies that residues from degradation are nontoxic. One of the most misleading titanium A strong malleable white metallic element, which is very corrosion-resistant and occurs in rutile and ilmenite. It is used in the manufacture of strong lightweight alloys, especially aircraft parts. + titanium dioxide A white, water-insoluble powder that melts at 1560°C, and which is produced commercially from the titanium dioxide minerals ilmenite and rutile; used in paints and cosmetics. + toad Any anuran amphibian of the class Bufonidae, such as Bufo bufo of Europe. They are similar to frogs but are more terrestrial, having a drier warty skin. + tobacco + + tobacco smoke The grey, brown, or blackish mixture of gases and suspended carbon particles resulting from the combustion of tobacco. Tobacco smoke is inhaled and distributes toxins widely throughout the body and causes an enormous variety of illness among users and among non-smokers exposed to tobacco smoke. + biological engineering The application of engineering principles and techniques to living organisms. It is largely concerned with the design of replacement body parts, such as limbs, heart valves, etc. + + + tornado A rapidly rotating column of air developed around a very intense low-pressure centre. It is associated with a dark funnel-shaped cloud and with extremely violent winds (>300km/h) blowing in a counterclockwise spiral, but accompanied by violent downdraughts. The precise mechanisms are not fully understood but the following atmospheric conditions appear to be necessary for tornado development: a layer of warm moist air at low altitude; a layer of dry air at higher altitude with an inversion of temperature at about 1.000 m; a triggering mechanism, usually in the form of an active, intense cold front or solar heating of the ground which will create a vortex. + + + tortoise Any herbivorous terrestrial chelonian reptile of the family Testudinidae, of most warm regions, having a heavy dome-shaped shell and clawed limbs. + total parameter The sum of parameters that must be taken into account when assessing water quality (organoleptic factors, physico-chemical factors, toxic substances, microbiological parameters. + + + + tourism The temporary movement of people to destinations outside their normal places or work and residence, the activities undertaken during their stay in those destinations and the facilities created to cater for their needs. + + + @@ -33278,6 +53427,8 @@ Implies that residues from degradation are nontoxic. One of the most misleading tourist facility All the services connected with tourism, especially when regarded as an industry. + + @@ -33293,17 +53444,26 @@ Implies that residues from degradation are nontoxic. One of the most misleading touristic zone Any section of a region which attracts travelers, often because of its scenery, objects of interest or recreational activities. + + toxic effect A result produced by the ingestion or contact of poisonous materials. + + + + toxicity The degree of danger posed by a substance to animal or plant life. + + + @@ -33318,17 +53478,24 @@ Implies that residues from degradation are nontoxic. One of the most misleading toxicity of pesticides + toxic metal Metals (usually heavy metals) which interfere with the respiration, metabolism or growth of organisms. + + toxicological assessment The process of characterizing and evaluating the inherent toxicity of a chemical substance, a poison, etc. + + + + @@ -33336,22 +53503,31 @@ Implies that residues from degradation are nontoxic. One of the most misleading toxicological testing Test for the determination of the inherent toxicity of a chemical. + + toxicology A science that deals with poisons, their actions, their detection, and the treatment of the conditions they produce. + + toxic product Any product which can cause acute or chronic injury to the human body or which is suspected of being able to cause disease or injury under some conditions. + + + toxic substance A chemical or mixture that may present a risk or injury to health or the environment. + + @@ -33360,44 +53536,56 @@ Implies that residues from degradation are nontoxic. One of the most misleading toxic waste Refuse posing a significant hazard to the environment or to human health when improperly handled; includes carcinogenic, mutagenic, teratogenic or phytotoxic wastes, or wastes harmful to aquatic species, or poisonous wastes. + + + + toxin A poisonous substance generally of plant or animal origin. + + trace element Any of various chemical elements that occur in very small amounts in organisms and are essential for many physiological and biochemical processes. + trace material 1) Both metals and non-metals, essential for the metabolic processes of algae, invertebrates and vertebrates. Organisms that derive nearly all their energy via photosynthesis are especially dependent upon dissolved trace substances. 2) Impurities that are present at small but detectable levels. + tracheophyte A large group of plants characterized by the presence of specialized conducting tissues (xylem and phloem) in the roots, stems, and leaves. + biological indicator A species or organism that is used to grade environmental quality or change. + tracking plan A formulated or systematic method for following or tracing environmentally related issues or concerns. + trade (services) The act or process of buying, selling or exchanging goods and services at either wholesale or retail, within a country or between countries. + @@ -33420,34 +53608,46 @@ Implies that residues from degradation are nontoxic. One of the most misleading tradeable permit Tradable emissions permits are used in an environmental regulatory scheme where the sources of the pollutant to be regulated (most often an air pollutant) are given permits to release a specified number of tons of the pollutant. The government issues only a limited number of permits consistent with the desired level of emissions. The owners of the permits may keep them and release the pollutants, or reduce their emissions and sell the permits. The fact that the permits have value as an item to be sold gives the owner an incentive to reduce their emissions. + + + trade and consumption The act or process of buying, selling, or exchanging commodities and the use of goods and services. + + + trade barrier An artificial restraint on the free exchange of goods and services between nations. The most common types of trade barriers are tariffs, quotas, and exchange control. Such obstacles to trade are usually imposed by a country that wishes to protect domestic products in their home market against foreign competition, better its terms of trade, reduce domestic unemployment, or improve its balance-of-payments position. The raising of trade barriers by one country often provokes other nations position. Generally, the effect of a trade barrier is to reduce the volume of trade while increasing the domestic price of the protected good. Thus, it results in a relatively inefficient allocation of world resources and reduces the level of total world income and production. + + trade (economic) The act or the business of buying and selling for money. Mercantile or commercial business in general or the buying and selling, or exchanging, of commodities, either by wholesale or retail within a country or between countries. + + trade impact on environment Trade impacts on the environment can be direct, such as trade of endangered species, of natural resources, of natural products such as tropical timber, etc., or indirect, such as deforestation, loss of habitats, pollution from mining, from energy production, oil spills, global warming, etc., increases in transport infrastructures. + trade policy A course of action adopted and pursued by government, business or some other organization, which promotes or determines the direction for the act or process of buying, selling or exchanging goods and services within a country or between countries. + @@ -33455,10 +53655,15 @@ Implies that residues from degradation are nontoxic. One of the most misleading trade (profession) The act or process of buying, selling, or exchanging commodities, at either wholesale or retail, within a country or between countries. + + trade relations + + + @@ -33466,17 +53671,21 @@ Implies that residues from degradation are nontoxic. One of the most misleading trade restriction Commercial discrimination that apply to the exports of certain countries but not to similar goods from other countries. + + trades union An organization whose members are wholly or mainly workers and whose principal purposes include the regulation of relations between workers and employers or employers' associations. + traditional culture Learned, nonrandom, systematic behavior and knowledge transmitted over several generations, especially customs and beliefs originating before the advent of modern science and technology. + @@ -33486,12 +53695,14 @@ Implies that residues from degradation are nontoxic. One of the most misleading traditional health care A system of treating and healing maladies based on cultural beliefs and practices handed down from generation to generation. + traffic 1) The movement of vehicles, ships, aircraft, persons, etc., in an area or over a route. 2) The vehicles, persons, etc., moving in an area or over a route. + @@ -33513,6 +53724,8 @@ Implies that residues from degradation are nontoxic. One of the most misleading traffic accident An unexpected incident with potential for harm occurring through the movement or collision of vessels, vehicles or persons along a land, water, air or space route. + + @@ -33520,17 +53733,25 @@ Implies that residues from degradation are nontoxic. One of the most misleading traffic control The organization of a more efficient movement of traffic within a given road network by rearranging the flows, controlling the intersections and regulating the times and places for parking. + + + traffic control measure Means of controlling the number and speed of motorvehicles using a road. + + traffic emission Exhaust gases and vapours emitted by motorvehicles. + + + @@ -33539,12 +53760,17 @@ Implies that residues from degradation are nontoxic. One of the most misleading traffic engineering The determination of the required capacity and layout of highway and street facilities that can safely and economically serve vehicular movement between given points. + + traffic infrastructure The fundamental facilities and systems used for the movement of vehicles, often provided through public funding. + + + @@ -33566,16 +53792,22 @@ Implies that residues from degradation are nontoxic. One of the most misleading traffic jam A number of vehicles so obstructed that they can scarcely move. + traffic monitoring The periodic or continuous surveillance or analysis of the movement of persons, objects, vehicles or other conveyances along an area of passage. + + traffic noise Noise emitted by vehicles (heavy vehicles, cars and motorcycles, tyre/road interaction). + + + @@ -33583,12 +53815,18 @@ Implies that residues from degradation are nontoxic. One of the most misleading traffic noise control Traffic noise can be controlled by reduction at source, by fitting motor vehicles with silencers, by installing barriers which interrupt the direct path of sound or by insulating dwellings exposed to high noise levels, such as those related to motorways or airports. + + + + traffic on water The movement of boats and other vessels over any water route or area. + + @@ -33599,16 +53837,23 @@ Implies that residues from degradation are nontoxic. One of the most misleading traffic route + + + additional packaging Additional packaging around the normal sales packaging. For example as protection against theft or for the purpose of advertising; the customer may leave the additional packaging in the shop for waste collection. + + + train A connected group of railroad cars, usu. pushed or pulled by a locomotive. + @@ -33616,6 +53861,7 @@ Implies that residues from degradation are nontoxic. One of the most misleading training The process of bringing a person or a group of persons to an agreed standard of proficiency, by practice and instruction. + @@ -33624,12 +53870,20 @@ Implies that residues from degradation are nontoxic. One of the most misleading training centre Place where people are prepared for a specific purpose. + + + biological monitoring The direct measurement of changes in the biological status of a habitat, based on evaluations of the number and distribution of individuals or species before and after a change. + + + + + @@ -33639,34 +53893,43 @@ Implies that residues from degradation are nontoxic. One of the most misleading trajectory The path described by an object moving in air or space under the influence of such forces as thrust, wind resistance, and gravity, especially the curved path of a projectile. + + biological nitrogen fixation + transboundary pollution Polluted air and water, or any other contaminated waste, that is generated in one country and transmitted to others. + + + transitional arrangement Rules, guidelines or an agreement on the process of changing the administration, structure or constitution of a government or organization. + transitional settlement A small village, community or group of houses, or other shelters, usually located in a thinly populated area and existing there for only a short time. + transition element One of a group of metallic elements in which the members have the filling of the outermost shell to 8 electrons interrupted to bring the penultimate shell from 8 to 18 or 32 electrons; includes elements 21 through 29 (scandium through copper), 39 through 47 (yttrium through silver), 57 through 79 (lanthanum through gold), and all known elements from 89 (actinium) on. + @@ -33686,33 +53949,47 @@ Implies that residues from degradation are nontoxic. One of the most misleading transpiration The loss of water vapour from a plant, mainly through the stomata and to a small extent through the cuticle and lenticels. Transpiration results in a stream of water, carrying dissolved minerals salts, flowing upwards through the xylem. + transportation business Any commercial venture involved in the processes of conveying things or people from one place to another. + + + transportation by pipeline Transportation of gases, liquids or slurries by a system of tubes, of steel or plastics. Petroleum, natural gas and products derived from them are the main substances transported by pipelines. + + + + transportation policy Comprehensive statements of the objectives and policies which a local transport authority intends to pursue; it includes and estimate of transport expenditure, a statement of transport objectives, etc. + + + biological pest control Any living organism applied to or introduced into the environment that is intended to function as a pesticide against another organism declared to be a pest. + transportation The act or means of moving tangible objects (persons or goods) from place to place. Often involves the use of some type of vehicle. + + @@ -33731,6 +54008,9 @@ Implies that residues from degradation are nontoxic. One of the most misleading transport planning A programme of action to provide for present and future demands for movement of people and goods. Such a programme is preceded by a transport study and necessarily includes consideration of the various modes of transport. + + + @@ -33739,6 +54019,8 @@ Implies that residues from degradation are nontoxic. One of the most misleading biological pollutant Viruses, bacteria, fungi, and mammal and bird antigens that may be present in the environment and cause many health effects. + + @@ -33746,12 +54028,17 @@ Implies that residues from degradation are nontoxic. One of the most misleading transport (physics) Transfer of mass, momentum, or energy in a system as a result of molecular agitation, including such properties as thermal conduction and viscosity. + + + + transport system System of lines of movements or communication by road, rail, water or air. + @@ -33760,11 +54047,16 @@ Implies that residues from degradation are nontoxic. One of the most misleading trapping To catch an animal in a mechanical device or enclosed place or pit. + + + travel Moving from one place to another generally by using a transportation mean. + + @@ -33772,11 +54064,16 @@ Implies that residues from degradation are nontoxic. One of the most misleading travel cost Expenditure of money or the amount of money incurred for journeying or going from one place to another by some mode of transportation. + + + biological pollution Disturbance of the ecological balance by the accidental or deliberate introduction of a foreign organism, animal or plant species into an environment. + + @@ -33784,6 +54081,7 @@ Implies that residues from degradation are nontoxic. One of the most misleading treaty An international agreement in writing between two states or a number of states. Treaties are binding in international law; some treaties create law only for those states that are parties to them. + @@ -33791,6 +54089,8 @@ Implies that residues from degradation are nontoxic. One of the most misleading tree Any large woody perennial plant with a distinct trunk giving rise to branches or leaves at some distance from the ground. + + @@ -33804,11 +54104,14 @@ Implies that residues from degradation are nontoxic. One of the most misleading tree nursery An area where trees, shrubs, or plants are grown for transplanting, for use as stocks for budding and grafting. + + biological process Processes concerning living organisms. + @@ -33830,6 +54133,7 @@ Implies that residues from degradation are nontoxic. One of the most misleading trend The general drift, tendency, or bent of a set of statistical data as related to time or another related set of statistical data. + @@ -33841,34 +54145,43 @@ Implies that residues from degradation are nontoxic. One of the most misleading triazine Azines that contain three nitrogen atoms in their molecules. + trickle irrigation Method in which water drips to the soil from perforated tubes or emitters. This irrigation technology is water conserving compared to flooding, furrows, and sprinklers. + trinity of principles Three fundamental principles of environmental policy: precautionary principle, polluter pays-principle and cooperation principle. + + biological production 1) The amount and rate of production which occur in a given ecosystem over a given time period. It may apply to a single organism, a population, or entire communities and ecosystems. 2) The quantity of organic matter or its equivalent in dry matter, carbon, or energy content which is accumulated during a given period of time. + tritium The hydrogen isotope having mass number 3; it is one form of heavy hydrogen, the other being deuterium. + trophic level Any of the feeding levels through which the passage of energy through an ecosystem proceeds; examples are photosynthetic plants, herbivorous animals, and microorganisms of decay. + + + @@ -33878,6 +54191,8 @@ Implies that residues from degradation are nontoxic. One of the most misleading tropical ecosystem The interacting system of a biological community and its non-living environmental surroundings in the land and water of the equatorial region between the Tropic of Cancer and the Tropic of Capricorn. + + @@ -33885,89 +54200,128 @@ Implies that residues from degradation are nontoxic. One of the most misleading tropical forest ecosystem The interacting system of a biological community and its non-living environmental surroundings in forests found in tropical regions near the equator, which are characterized by warm to hot weather and abundant rainfall. + + tropical forest A vegetation class consisting of tall, close-growing trees, their columnar trunks more or less unbranched in the lower two-thirds, and forming a spreading and frequently flat crown; occurs in areas of high temperature and high rainfall. + + tropical rain forest The most valuable and the richest ecosystem on Earth. It plays a critical part in the Earth's life support systems and house 50%, and possibly as much as 90%, of all the species on Earth. It is a key storehouse of foods, oils and minerals, and a source of ingredients that make up a range of medical treatments. It also represents home and livelihood for many people. However, more than half of the rainforests have disappeared, chopped down for valuable tropical hardwoods, or cleared to provide areas for cattle grazing or human habitation. The forests play an important part in climate patterns, and deforestation is thought to be responsible for 18% of global warming. Furthermore, as they disappear there is also an albedo effect - a damaging increase in the sunlight reflected - which affects wind and rainfall patterns. + + + tropics The region of the earth's surface lying between two parallels of latitude on the earth, one 23°27' north of the equator and the other 23°27' south of the equator, representing the points farthest north and south at which the sun can shine directly overhead and constituting the boundaries of the Torrid Zone. + + troposphere The lowest of the concentric layers of the atmosphere, occurring between the Earth's surface and the tropopause. It is the zone where atmospheric turbulence is at its greatest and where the bulk of the Earth's weather is generated. It contains almost all the water vapour and aerosols and three-quarters of the total gaseous mass of the atmosphere. Throughout the troposphere temperature decreases with height at a mean rate of 6.5°C/km and the whole zone is capped by either an inversion of temperature or an isothermal layer at the tropopause. + + tropospheric ozone Tropospheric ozone is a secondary pollutant formed from emissions of nitrogen oxides, non-methane volatile organic compounds and carbon monoxide. Ozone scars lung tissue, makes eyes sting and throats itch. It has been implicated as a contributor to forest dieback, damage to agricultural crops, etc. + + + addition polymer A polymer formed by the chain addition of unsaturated monomer molecules, such as olefins, with one another without the formation of a by-product, as water; examples are polyethylene, polypropylene and polystyrene. + trunk road A main road, especially one that is suitable for heavy vehicles. + + tumour Any new and abnormal growth, specifically one in which cell multiplication is uncontrolled and progressive. + tundra An area supporting some vegetation (lichens, mosses, sedges and low shrubs) between the northern upper limit of trees and the lower limit of perennial snow on mountains, and on the fringes of the Antarctic continent and its neighbouring islands. + + tunnel A underground passageway, especially one for trains or cars that passes under a mountain, river or a congested urban area. + + turbidity Cloudy or hazy appearance in a naturally clear liquid caused by a suspension of colloidal liquid droplets or fine solids. + + + turbine A fluid acceleration machine for generating rotary mechanical power from the energy in a stream of fluid. + + + tween-deck tanker A sea-going vessel that includes space between two continuous floor-like surfaces or platforms, which is also designed for bulk shipments of liquids or gases. + + twin-hull craft Oil tank vessels provided with a double-hull to meet the regulatory safety requirements in oil transportation. Requirements include minimum values for depths and breadth of double bottoms. Also called double-hull tank vessel. + + + + two-stroke engine An internal combustion engine whose cycle is completed in two strokes of the piston. + + + type of business The class or category of an enterprise or organization involved in an economy. + + @@ -33975,21 +54329,28 @@ Implies that residues from degradation are nontoxic. One of the most misleading type of claim A class or category of interests or remedies recognized in law or equity that create in the holder a right to the interest or its proceeds, typically taking the form of money, property or privilege. + type of management The different, specific methods of business administration. + + typhoon A severe tropical cyclone in the western Pacific. + + biological resource Wild organisms harvested for subsistence, commerce, or recreation (such as fish, game, timber or furbearers); domesticated organisms raised by agriculture, aquaculture, and silviculture; and ecosystems cropped by livestock. + + @@ -34001,6 +54362,7 @@ Implies that residues from degradation are nontoxic. One of the most misleading tyre A rubber ring placed over the rim of a wheel of a road vehicle to provide traction and reduce road shocks. + @@ -34008,32 +54370,47 @@ Implies that residues from degradation are nontoxic. One of the most misleading ultrafiltration Separation of colloidal or very fine solid materials by filtration through microporous or semipermeable mediums. + + + + ultrasound Sound waves having a frequency above about 20,000 hertz. + ultraviolet radiation The part of the electromagnetic spectrum with wavelengths shorter than light but longer than x-rays; in the range of 4-400 nm. + + UNCED United Nations Conference on Environment and Development, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, 1992. + uncontrolled dump Place where waste is left on the ground and not buried in a hole. + + + landfill base sealing Sealing of a landfill with a relatively impermeable barrier designed to keep leachate inside. Liner materials include plastic and dense clay. + + + + @@ -34041,37 +54418,49 @@ Implies that residues from degradation are nontoxic. One of the most misleading underground storage Storage located underground designed to hold gasoline or other petroleum products or chemical solutions. + + underground train A train for transportation of people, mostly beneath the surface of the ground, in order to lessen the traffic. + + underprivileged people A segment of the population that does not have access to the rights or benefits granted to the rest of society, often because of low economic or social status. + undertaking business Any commercial activity, position or site associated with the preparation of the dead for burial and the management and arrangement of funerals. + + underwater outlet Point of water disposal located below the sea surface. + + unemployment The condition of being without remunerative employment. + + ungulate Hoofed mammals, including the Artiodactyla and Perissodactyla. + @@ -34082,6 +54471,7 @@ Implies that residues from degradation are nontoxic. One of the most misleading United Nations A voluntary association of around 180 state signatory to the UN charter (1945), whose primary aim is to maintain international peace and security, solve economic, social, and political problems through international co-operation, and promote respect for human rights. + @@ -34089,36 +54479,53 @@ Implies that residues from degradation are nontoxic. One of the most misleading biological waste gas purification Processes for removing impurities from waste gas based on the employing of microorganisms. + + unleaded petrol Petrol with a low octane rating, which has no lead additives in it and therefore creates less lead pollution in the atmosphere. + + + + + clean air area Areas where significant reductions in ozone forming pollutants have been achieved through industrial initiatives to control and/or prevent pollution, through implementation of transportation improvement plans, national efforts to reduce automobile tailpipe emissions and lower the volatility (evaporation rate) of gasoline. + + raw water Water that has not been treated. + + upbringing + + + Upper House The body of a bicameral legislature comprising either representatives of member states in a federation or a select number of individuals from certain privileged estates or social classes. + biological waste treatment A generic term applied to processes that use microorganisms to decompose organic wastes either into water, carbon dioxide, and simple inorganic substances, such as aldehydes and acids. The purpose of biological waste treatment is to control either the environment for microorganisms so that their growth and activity are enhanced, and to provide a means for maintaining high concentrations of the microorganisms in contact with the wastes. + + @@ -34127,12 +54534,15 @@ Implies that residues from degradation are nontoxic. One of the most misleading uranium A metallic element highly toxic and radioactive; used as nuclear fuel. + urban action program A planned, coordinated group of activities or services intended for improving urban centers in order to provide healthy and safe living conditions, efficient transport and communication, adequate public facilities and aesthetic surroundings. + + @@ -34141,6 +54551,7 @@ Implies that residues from degradation are nontoxic. One of the most misleading urban area Areas within the legal boundaries of cities and towns; suburban areas developed for residential, industrial or recreational purposes. + @@ -34151,22 +54562,31 @@ Implies that residues from degradation are nontoxic. One of the most misleading additive Substances mixed in small quantities with another product to modify its chemical or physical state. Additives are used to make food look visually more attractive, in the case of colouring agents, as well as to preserve and extend the life of the product. + + biological weapon Living organisms (or infective material derived from them) which are intended to cause disease or death in animals, plants, or man, and which depend for their effects on their ability to multiply in the person, animal or plant attacked. Various living organisms (for example, rickettsiae, viruses and fungi), as well as bacteria, can be used as weapons. + + urban decay Condition where part of a city or town becomes old or dirty or ruined, because businesses and wealthy families have moved away from it. + + urban design A plan, outline or preliminary sketch of, or for, a city or town. + + + @@ -34174,6 +54594,9 @@ Implies that residues from degradation are nontoxic. One of the most misleading urban development Any physical extension of, or changes to, the uses of land in metropolitan areas, often involving subdivision into zones; construction or modification of buildings, roads, utilities and other facilities; removal of trees and other obstructions; and population growth and related economic, social and political changes. + + + @@ -34191,16 +54614,23 @@ Implies that residues from degradation are nontoxic. One of the most misleading urban development law A binding rule or body of rules prescribed by government to regulate public services and the competing claims of residential, commercial and industrial interests in municipal areas generally characterized by moderate to high population density. + + urban ecosystem Towns and cities viewed as ecosystems, having an input of matter and energy, recycling within the system, and an output of matter and energy into the surroundings. + + + biology A division of the natural sciences concerned with the study of life and living organisms. + + @@ -34220,15 +54650,23 @@ Implies that residues from degradation are nontoxic. One of the most misleading urban facility Supply of essential services to the community, e.g. electricity, gas, water. + + urban flows (resources) + + + + urban green The complex of private and public gardens in an urban area. + + @@ -34237,26 +54675,38 @@ Implies that residues from degradation are nontoxic. One of the most misleading bioluminescence The production of light of various colors by living organisms (e.g. some bacteria and fungi, glow-worms and many marine animals). Luminescence is produced by a biochemical reaction, which is catalyzed by an enzyme. In some animals the light is used as a mating signal; in others it may be a protective device. In deep-sea forms luminous organs may serve as lanterns. + + urbanisation The state of being or becoming a community with urban characteristics. + + urban landscape The traits, patterns and structure of a city's specific geographic area, including its biological composition, its physical environment and its social patterns. + + urban management The administration, organization and planning performed for cities or towns, particularly the process of converting farmland or undeveloped land into offices, businesses, housing and other forms of development. + + urban planning The activity of designing, organizing or preparing for the future lay-out and condition of a city or town. + + + + @@ -34266,6 +54716,7 @@ Implies that residues from degradation are nontoxic. One of the most misleading biomass Biomass refers strictly speaking to the total weight of all the living things in an ecosystem. However, it has come to refer to the amount of plant and crop material that could be produced in an ecosystem for making biofuels and other raw materials used in industry, for example. + @@ -34281,6 +54732,8 @@ Implies that residues from degradation are nontoxic. One of the most misleading urban policy A course of action adopted and pursued by government, business or some other organization, which seeks to improve or develop cities or towns through land use planning, water resource management, central city development, policing and criminal justice, or pollution control. + + @@ -34290,27 +54743,40 @@ Implies that residues from degradation are nontoxic. One of the most misleading urban pollution Pollution of highly populated areas mainly deriving from motor vehicles, industrial plants, combustion and heating plants, etc. + + urban population The total number of persons inhabiting a city, metropolitan region or any area where the sum of residents exceeds a designated amount. + + urban renewal A continuing process of remodelling urban areas by means of rehabilitation and conservation as well as redevelopment. Urban renewal programmes are generally undertaken by public authorities and concern those parts of the city which have fallen below current standards of public acceptability. + + + urban sanitation The renovation or redevelopment of the decaying areas of cities by the demolition or up-grading of existing dwellings and buildings and a general improvement in environmental conditions. + + urban settlement A collection of dwellings located in an urban area. + + + + @@ -34325,11 +54791,17 @@ Implies that residues from degradation are nontoxic. One of the most misleading urban stress A state of bodily or mental tension developed through city living, or the physical, chemical, or emotional factors that give rise to that tension. + + + urban structure The built-up components, the street system and the facilities which make up an urban unit. + + + @@ -34338,11 +54810,18 @@ Implies that residues from degradation are nontoxic. One of the most misleading urban study The study and theory of building and other physical needs in cities or predominantly urban cultures. + + urban traffic Movements of vehicles and people within a city. + + + + + @@ -34351,6 +54830,9 @@ Implies that residues from degradation are nontoxic. One of the most misleading biomass energy A renewable energy source that makes use of such biofuels as methane (biogas) generated by sewage, farm, industrial, or household organic waste materials. Other biofuels include trees grown in so-called "energy forests" or other plants, such as sugar cane, grown for their energy potential. Biomass energy relies on combustion and therefore produces carbon dioxide; its use would not, therefore, alleviate the greenhouse effect. + + + @@ -34361,49 +54843,69 @@ Implies that residues from degradation are nontoxic. One of the most misleading urban water Water destined for private and public use in a town. + + urban water supply The distribution of water, including collection, treatment and storage, for use in a town, city or municipal area, and used generally for domestic and industrial needs. + ursid A family of mammals in the order Carnivora including the bears and their allies. + scrap tyre Recyclable material from discarded motor vehicle tyres. + + use of leisure time Making use of free time to carry out recreational activities. + + user advantage + utilisation of calorific value Calorific value is the heat per unit mass produced by complete combustion of a given substance. Calorific values are used to express the energy values of fuels; usually these are expressed in megajoules per kilogram. They are also used to measure the energy content of foodstuffs; i.e. the energy produced when the food is oxidized in the body. The units here are kilojoules per gram. Calorific values are measured using a bomb calorimeter (apparatus consisting of a strong container in which the sample is sealed with excess oxygen and ignited electrically. The heat of combustion at constant volume can be calculated from the resulting rise in temperature). + local resource utilisation The use of a source of supply from a municipal or regional area, which can be readily drawn upon when needed. + utilisation of pesticides Use of chemical or biological substances to deliberately kill unwanted plants or animals. + + + + + + resource utilisation + + + @@ -34420,16 +54922,22 @@ Implies that residues from degradation are nontoxic. One of the most misleading biophysics The hybrid science involving the application of physical principles and methods to study and explain the structures of living organisms and the mechanics of life processes. + + + indefinite legal concept A condition or extent of time in a government enforced contract, instrument or agreement that lacks precision, distinguishing characteristics or fixed boundaries. + valley Any low-lying land bordered by higher ground; especially an elongate, relatively large, gently sloping depression of the Earth's surface, commonly situated between two mountains or between ranges of hills or mountains, and often containing a stream with an outlet. It is usually developed by stream erosion, but may be formed by faulting. + + @@ -34437,98 +54945,131 @@ Implies that residues from degradation are nontoxic. One of the most misleading bioreactor A container, such as a large fermentation chamber, for growing living organisms that are used in the industrial production of substances such as pharmaceuticals, antibodies, or vaccines. + + + + valued ecosystem component An appraised, evaluated or estimated element or ingredient of a biological community and its non-living environmental surroundings. + + vanadium A silvery-white, ductile metal resistant to corrosion; used in alloy steels and as an x-ray target. + vandalism The deliberate or wanton destruction of personal or public property caused by a vandal. + vanished species Species which have disappeared from an area because of adverse environmental conditions. + + vapour pressure The partial pressure of water vapour in the atmosphere. For a liquid or solid, the pressure of the vapour in equilibrium with the liquid or solid. + + + varnish A transparent surface coating which is applied as a liquid and then changes to a hard solid; all varnishes are solutions of resinous materials in a solvent. + biorhythm A cyclically recurring pattern of physiological states in an organism or organ, such as alpha rhythm or circadian rhythm; believed by some to affect physical and mental states and behaviour. + vector of human diseases An agent or organism that acts as a carrier or transmitter of a human illness. + + vegetation cover Number of plants growing on a certain area of land. + + vegetable cultivation Cultivation of herbaceous plants that are used as food. + biosafety The combination of knowledge, techniques and equipment used to manage or contain potentially infectious materials or biohazards in the laboratory environment, to reduce or prevent harm to laboratory workers, other persons and the environment. + + plant ecology Study of the relationships between plants and their environment. + + plant selection The selection by man of particular genotypes in a plant population because they exhibit desired phenotypic characters. + vegetable oil An edible, mixed glyceride oil derived from plants (fruit, leaves, and seeds), including cottonseed, linseed, tung, and peanut; used in food oils, shortenings, soaps, and medicine, and as a paint drying oil. + + + plant reproduction Any of various processes, either sexual or asexual, by which a plant produces one or more individuals similar to itself. + + plant resource + + biosphere That part of the Earth and atmosphere capable of supporting living organisms. + @@ -34539,6 +55080,8 @@ Implies that residues from degradation are nontoxic. One of the most misleading vegetable Any of various herbaceous plants having parts that are used as food. + + @@ -34546,6 +55089,8 @@ Implies that residues from degradation are nontoxic. One of the most misleading vegetable waste Waste, comprised mainly of vegetable matter, which is capable of being decomposed by microorganisms. + + @@ -34554,6 +55099,7 @@ Implies that residues from degradation are nontoxic. One of the most misleading vegetation 1) The plants of an area considered in general or as communities, but not taxonomically; the total plant cover in a particular area or on the Earth as a whole. 2) The total mass of plant life that occupies a given area. + @@ -34563,12 +55109,14 @@ Implies that residues from degradation are nontoxic. One of the most misleading vegetation type A community of plants or plant life that share distinguishable characteristics. + vehicle Any conveyance in or by which people or objects are transported. + @@ -34585,17 +55133,25 @@ Implies that residues from degradation are nontoxic. One of the most misleading vehicle exhaust gas An aeriform fluid of fine particles suspended in air, produced and vented as a byproduct of the operation of wheeled machines or conveyances self-propelled by internal combustion engines. + + + vehicle inspection An official periodical examination of an automobile, truck, boat, airplane or other means of conveyance to determine compliance in design or operation with legal standards for safety or pollution emissions. + + vehicle manufacturing industry A sector of the economy in which an aggregate of commercial enterprises is engaged in the manufacture and sale of equipment that conveys people, goods or materials by land, air or water. + + + @@ -34603,24 +55159,31 @@ Implies that residues from degradation are nontoxic. One of the most misleading biosphere reserve Protected land and coastal areas that are approved under the Man and Biosphere programme (MAB) in conjunction with the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species (CITES). Each reserve has to have an ecosystem that is recognized for its diversity and usefulness as a conservation unit. The reserves have at least one core area where there can be no interference with the natural ecosystem. A transition zone surrounds this and within it scientific research is allowed. Beyond this is a buffer zone which protects the whole reserve from agricultural, industrial and urban development. Biosphere reserves and buffer zones were regarded as examples of a new generation of conservation techniques. + + + ventilation The process of supplying or removing air, by natural or mechanical means, to or from any space; such air may or may not have been conditioned. + + vermin Small animals and insects that can be harmful and which are difficult to control when they appear in large numbers. + vertebrate Any chordate animal of the subphylum Vertebrata, characterized by a bony or cartilaginous skeleton and a well-developed brain: the group contains fishes, amphibians, reptiles, birds, and mammals. + @@ -34633,6 +55196,8 @@ Implies that residues from degradation are nontoxic. One of the most misleading biosynthesis Production, by synthesis or degradation, of a chemical compound by a living organism. + + @@ -34641,54 +55206,75 @@ Implies that residues from degradation are nontoxic. One of the most misleading veterinary medicine The branch of medical practice which treats of the diseases and injuries of animals. + + viaduct A long high bridge, usually held up by many arches, which carries a railway or a road over a valley or other similar area at a lower level. + + vibration A periodic motion of small amplitude and high frequency, characteristic of elastic bodies. + video A format or system used to record and transmit visual or audiovisual information by translating moving or still images into electrical signals. + village A group of houses and other buildings, such as a church, a school and some shops, which is smaller than a town, usually in the countryside. + + + vinasse The residual liquid from the distillation of alcoholic liquors, specifically, that remaining from the fermentation and distillation of beet-sugar molasses, valuable as yielding potassium salts, ammonia, etc. + + + virology The study of submicroscopic organisms known as viruses. + + + virus Submicroscopic agents that infect plants, animals and bacteria, and are unable to reproduce outside the tissues of the host. A fully formed virus consists of nucleic acid (DNA or RNA) surrounded by a protein and lipid (fat) coat. The nucleic acid of the virus interferes with nucleic acid-synthesizing mechanism of the host cell, organizing it to produce more viral nucleic acid. Viruses cause many diseases (e.g., mosaic diseases of many cultivated plants, myxomatosis, foot and mouth disease, the common cold, influenza, measles, poliomyelitis). Many plant viruses are transmitted by insects, some by eelworms. Animal viruses are spread by contact, droplet infection or by insect vectors and some are spread by the exchange of body fluids. + + viscosity Energy dissipation and generation of stresses in a fluid by the distortion of fluid elements; quantitatively, when otherwise qualified, the absolute viscosity. Also known as flow resistance. + + biotechnology A combination of biology and technology. It is used to describe developments in the application of biological organisms for commercial and scientific purposes. So "bio" stands for biology and the science of life, and "tech" stands for technology, or the tools and techniques that the biotechnologists have in their workbox. Those tools and techniques include microorganisms and a range of methods for manipulating them, such as genetic engineering. + + @@ -34701,6 +55287,8 @@ Implies that residues from degradation are nontoxic. One of the most misleading vitamin An organic compound present in variable, minute quantities in natural foodstuffs and essential for the normal processes of growth and maintenance of the body. + + @@ -34708,55 +55296,73 @@ Implies that residues from degradation are nontoxic. One of the most misleading viticulture That division of horticulture concerned with grape growing, studies of grape varieties, methods of culture, and insect and disease control. + biotic factor The influence upon the environment of organisms owing to the presence and activities of other organisms, as distinct from a physical, abiotic, environmental factor. + vocabulary A list of words or phrases of a language, technical field or some specialized area, usually arranged in alphabetical order and often provided with brief definitions and with foreign translations. + vocational training A special training for a regular occupation or profession, especially, one for which one is specially suited or qualified. + volatile organic compound Organic compound readily passing off by evaporation. + + volatility The property of a substance or substances to convert into vapor or gas without chemical change. + + + volcanic area + + + + volcanic eruption The ejection of solid, liquid, or gaseous material from a volcano. + + adhesive Substance used for sticking objects together, such as glue, cement, or paste. + + volcanism The processes by which magma and its associated gases rise into the crust and are extruded onto the Earth's surface and into the atmosphere. + @@ -34764,12 +55370,17 @@ Implies that residues from degradation are nontoxic. One of the most misleading volcano A vent in the surface of the Earth through which magma and associated gases and ash erupt; also, the form or structure, usually conical, that is produced by the ejected material. + + + waste income The total amount of refuse or unusable material that enters a process or system. + + @@ -34779,6 +55390,8 @@ Implies that residues from degradation are nontoxic. One of the most misleading biotope A region of relatively uniform environmental conditions, occupied by a given plant community and its associated animal community. + + @@ -34788,11 +55401,13 @@ Implies that residues from degradation are nontoxic. One of the most misleading voluntary work Unpaid activities done by citizens often organized in associations, to provide services to others, particularly to elderly and poor people, handicapped, etc. + vulcanisation A chemical reaction of sulfur (or other vulcanizing agent) with rubber or plastic to cause cross-linking of the polymer chains; it increases strength and resiliency of the polymer. + @@ -34800,31 +55415,44 @@ Implies that residues from degradation are nontoxic. One of the most misleading vulnerable species (IUCN) Species which is likely to become endangered unless protective measures are taken. + + Wadden Sea The Wadden sea is a shallow sea extending along the North Sea coasts of The Netherlands, Germany and Denmark. It is a highly dynamic ecosystem with tidal channels, sands, mud flats, salt marshes, beaches, dunes, river mouths and a transition zone to the North Sea, the offshore zone. Most parts of the Wadden Sea, in particular in The Netherlands and Lower Saxony, are sheltered by barrier islands and contain smaller or wider areas of intertidal flats. The present form of the Wadden Sea is the result of both natural forces and action by man. Twice a day, on average, 15 km3 of sea water enter the Wadden sea. With the water from the North Sea, large amount of sand and silt are imported which settle in places with little water movement. During low tides large parts of the Wadden Sea emerge. These so-called tidal flats cover about 2/3 of the tidal area and are one of its most characteristic features. Nowhere in the world can such a large unbroken stretch of tidal flats be found. They account for 60% of all tidal areas in Europe and North Africa. + + + biotope network Intersection of corridors connecting patchy ecological communities. Species survival tends to be higher in patches that have higher connectivity. + + + wage system System which compensates the employees with a fixed sum per piece, hour, day or another period of time, covering all compensations including salary. + + wall A vertical construction made of stone, brick, wood, etc., with a length and height much greater than its thickness, used to enclose, divide or support. + war A conflict or a state of hostility between two or more parties, nations or states, in which armed forces or military operations are used. + + @@ -34832,22 +55460,28 @@ Implies that residues from degradation are nontoxic. One of the most misleading biotope protection Measures taken to ensure that the biological and physical components of a biotope are in equilibrium by maintaining constant their relative numbers and features. + + + warm-blooded animal Animal which has a body temperature that stays the same and does not change with the temperature of its surroundings. + warning plan A scheme or method of acting developed in advance to notify as quickly as possible the affected population of any sudden, urgent and usually unexpected occurrence requiring immediate action. + warning system Any series of procedures and devices designed to detect sudden or potential threats to persons, property or the environment, often utilizing radar technology. + @@ -34856,23 +55490,31 @@ Implies that residues from degradation are nontoxic. One of the most misleading wastage Extravagant or useless consumption or expenditures. + + waste Material, often unusable, left over from any manufacturing, industrial, agricultural or other human process; Material damaged or altered during a manufacturing process and subsequently left useless. + + waste air Exhaust or gaseous air given off by any industrial, manufacturing or chemical process. + + waste air purification (gas) + + @@ -34881,22 +55523,31 @@ Implies that residues from degradation are nontoxic. One of the most misleading waste analysis An investigation carried out to decide what arrangements are appropriate for dealing with different kinds of wastes. + + waste assimilation capacity + + + waste balance The inventory of all waste produced or recovered during a certain time period, classified by type and quantity. + + + waste bin A container for litter, rubbish, etc. + @@ -34904,6 +55555,7 @@ Implies that residues from degradation are nontoxic. One of the most misleading type of waste A grouping by type of unusable material left over from any process. + @@ -34969,21 +55621,28 @@ Implies that residues from degradation are nontoxic. One of the most misleading + waste charge Imposed fee, expense, or cost for the management of refuse or unwanted materials left over from a manufacturing process. + + waste classification The arrangement of unwanted materials left over from manufacturing processes or refuse from places of human or animal habitation into a variety of categories based on chemical and microbiological constituents or other common characteristics. + + waste collection The periodic or on-demand removal of solid waste from primary source locations using a collection vehicle and followed by the depositing of this waste at some central facility or disposal site. + + @@ -34992,28 +55651,38 @@ Implies that residues from degradation are nontoxic. One of the most misleading waste collection at source The gathering and transporting of refuse from its place of origin. + + waste composition The component material types, by percentage or weight, emanating from any source. + waste conversion technique Any specialized procedure or method used to transform refuse from one state, form or chemical composition into another. + + waste degasification The removal of gaseous components form waste. + + waste disposal The orderly process of discarding unwanted or useless material. + + + @@ -35032,42 +55701,63 @@ Implies that residues from degradation are nontoxic. One of the most misleading waste disposal act Law that settles the rules concerning the disposal, recycling and treatment of wastes. + + + waste disposal cost The amount of money incurred for the action of removing or getting rid of refuse or unwanted materials left over from a manufacturing process. + + waste disposal in the ground The planned discharge, deposit or burial of refuse or other unserviceable material into the surface of the earth, as in a landfill. + waste disposal charge Imposed fee, expense, or cost for the action of removing or getting rid of refuse or unwanted materials left over from a manufacturing process. + + waste dump Area where wastes are deposited and burned. + + + waste dumping The disposal of solid wastes without environmental controls. + + + waste exchange Exchange of the recyclable part of wastes. This procedure allows to minimize waste volume and the cost relating to waste disposal. The basis of waste exchange is the concept that "one company's waste is another company's raw material". + + + waste export Transporting unwanted materials, including those leftover from a manufacturing processes, refuse, or trash to other countries or areas for the conduct of foreign trade. + + + + @@ -35077,6 +55767,10 @@ Implies that residues from degradation are nontoxic. One of the most misleading waste-fed heating and power plant Heating and power production plant where fuel is provided from refuse. + + + + @@ -35085,16 +55779,26 @@ Implies that residues from degradation are nontoxic. One of the most misleading waste-fed heating plant Heating plant where fuel is provided from refuse. + + + + waste-fed power station Power station that functions with refuse-derived fuel. + + + + waste gas Any unusable aeriform fluid, or suspension of fine particles in air, given off by a manufacturing process or the burning of a substance in a enclosed area. + + @@ -35107,6 +55811,8 @@ Implies that residues from degradation are nontoxic. One of the most misleading waste gas emission The direct or indirect discharge of exhaust gas into the atmosphere. + + @@ -35125,11 +55831,17 @@ Implies that residues from degradation are nontoxic. One of the most misleading waste gas examination Qualitative and quantitative analysis of exhaust gases emitted from vehicles, industrial plants, etc. in order to asses their composition. + + + waste gas reduction Reduction of the quantity of gaseous emissions in the atmosphere, from motorvehicles, industrial and heating plants, etc. by the adoption of clean technologies, the effectiveness of process operations, the improvement of fuel quality and the installment of chimney stacks high enough to ensure the dispersion of gases. + + + @@ -35137,17 +55849,25 @@ Implies that residues from degradation are nontoxic. One of the most misleading waste glass Discarded material from the glass manufacturing process or from used consumer products made of glass. + + waste gypsum By-product of the wet limestone flue gas desulphurisation process. + + waste heat Heat derived from the cooling process of electric power generating plants and which can cause thermal pollution of water courses, promoting algal bloom. + + + + @@ -35156,30 +55876,48 @@ Implies that residues from degradation are nontoxic. One of the most misleading waste heat charge The release of heat generated as a byproduct from industrial or power generation processes. + + + + + waste heat utilisation Waste heat applications include space heating and refrigeration in urban areas, thawing of ice-bound seaways, agricultural use to stimulate growth and to extend the growing season and in aquaculture to stimulate the growth of algae, shellfish, and other potential marine food sources. + + + waste importation permit An authorization, license or equivalent control document issued by a government agency that approves bringing in refuse or unwanted materials left over from a manufacturing process from foreign countries. + + + waste incinerator Establishment where waste is burnt. + + + + + waste legislation A binding rule or body of rules prescribed by a government to regulate the disposal of unwanted materials left over from a manufacturing process or the refuse from places of human or animal habitation. + + @@ -35189,6 +55927,9 @@ Implies that residues from degradation are nontoxic. One of the most misleading waste management The total supervision of waste production, handling, processing, storage, and transport from its point of generation to its final acceptable disposal. + + + @@ -35208,18 +55949,23 @@ Implies that residues from degradation are nontoxic. One of the most misleading waste minimisation Measures or techniques, including plans and directives, that reduce the amount of wastes generated. Examples of waste minimisation are environmentally-sound recycling and source reduction practices. + + waste minimisation potential The capability of measures or techniques that reduce the amount of refuse or unwanted materials that is generated, particularly during industrial production processes. + + waste oil Oil arising as a waste product of the use of oils in a wide range of industrial and commercial activities, such as engineering, power generation and vehicle maintenance and should be properly disposed of, or treated in order to be reused. + @@ -35227,6 +55973,7 @@ Implies that residues from degradation are nontoxic. One of the most misleading waste paper Newspapers, magazines, cartons and other paper separated from solid waste for the purpose of recycling. + @@ -35234,12 +55981,18 @@ Implies that residues from degradation are nontoxic. One of the most misleading acceptable daily intake The measurement of the amount of any chemical substance that can be safely consumed by a human being in a day. Calculations are usually based on the maximum level of a substance that can be fed to animals without producing any harmful effects. This is divided by a "safety factor" to allow for the differences between animals and humans and to take account of the variation in human diets. + + + waste processing industry + + + @@ -35247,11 +56000,16 @@ Implies that residues from degradation are nontoxic. One of the most misleading waste reclamation The process of collecting and separating wastes in preparation for reuse. + + waste recovery The process of obtaining materials or energy resources from waste. + + + @@ -35263,24 +56021,33 @@ Implies that residues from degradation are nontoxic. One of the most misleading waste recycling A method of recovering wastes as resources which includes the collection, and often involving the treatment, of waste products for use as a replacement of all or part of the raw material in a manufacturing process. + + waste reduction Practices that reduce the amount of waste generated by a specific source through the redesigning of products or patterns of production or consumption. + + waste removal industry The aggregate of commercial enterprises primarily concerned with eliminating or getting rid of refuse from places of human or animal habitation or of unwanted materials left over from a manufacturing process. + + + + waste sorting Separating waste into different materials, such as glass, metal, paper, plastic, etc. + @@ -35288,18 +56055,25 @@ Implies that residues from degradation are nontoxic. One of the most misleading waste storage Temporary holding of waste pending treatment or disposal. Storage methods include containers, tanks, waste piles, and surface impoundments. + + + waste transport Transportation of wastes by means of special vehicles. + + + bird Any of the warm-blooded vertebrates which make up the class Aves. + @@ -35312,6 +56086,8 @@ Implies that residues from degradation are nontoxic. One of the most misleading waste treatment Any process or combination of processes that changes the chemical, physical or biological composition or character of any waste or reduces or removes its harmful properties or characteristics for any purpose. + + @@ -35334,12 +56110,18 @@ Implies that residues from degradation are nontoxic. One of the most misleading waste treatment plant Place where waste material is treated to make it reusable or so it may be disposed of safely. + + + + waste use The incorporation of wastes into natural or artificial cycles, mainly in order to recover secondary raw materials or energy. + + @@ -35349,11 +56131,14 @@ Implies that residues from degradation are nontoxic. One of the most misleading waste volume The total amount of refuse or unusable material produced at any source. + waste water Used water, or water that is not needed, which is permitted to escape, or unavoidably escapes from canals, ditches, reservoirs or other bodies of water, for which the owners of these structures are legally responsible. + + @@ -35369,26 +56154,37 @@ Implies that residues from degradation are nontoxic. One of the most misleading + waste water charge Imposed fee, expense, or cost for the management of spent or used water that contains dissolved or suspended matter from a home, community farm, or industry. + + + waste water discharge The flow of treated effluent from any wastewater treatment process. + + bird sanctuary Special area where birds are protected. + + + waste water disposal Collection and removal of wastewater deriving from industrial and urban settlements by means of a system of pipes and treatment plants. + + @@ -35397,25 +56193,32 @@ Implies that residues from degradation are nontoxic. One of the most misleading - wastewater from trade + waste water from trade Liquid or waterborne wastes polluted or fouled by commercial operations. + waste water legislation A binding rule or body of rules prescribed by a government to regulate the outflow and disposal of spent or used water from a home, community, farm or industry that contains dissolved or suspended matter. + + waste water load The amount of spent or used water, often containing dissolved and suspended matter, that is found in a stream or some other body of water. + + waste water purification Processing of waste water for reuse. + + @@ -35423,22 +56226,30 @@ Implies that residues from degradation are nontoxic. One of the most misleading waste water quality The state or condition of spent or used water that contains dissolved or suspended matter from a home, community farm or industry. + + + waste water reduction The act or process of lessening the volume of used or spent water that is discharged from homes, businesses or industries. + bird of prey Any of various carnivorous bird of the orders Falconiformes and Strigiformes which feed on meat taken by hunting. + waste water sludge The removed materials resulting from physical, biological and chemical treatment of waste water. + + + @@ -35446,11 +56257,18 @@ Implies that residues from degradation are nontoxic. One of the most misleading waste water statistics + + + + + waste water treatment Any process to which wastewater is subjected which would remove, or otherwise render harmless to human health and the environment, its constituent wastes. + + @@ -35476,6 +56294,9 @@ Implies that residues from degradation are nontoxic. One of the most misleading waste water treatment plant Plant where, through physical-chemical and biological processes, organic matter, bacteria, viruses and solids are removed from residential, commercial and industrial wastewaters before they are discharged in rivers, lakes and seas. + + + @@ -35485,23 +56306,29 @@ Implies that residues from degradation are nontoxic. One of the most misleading water analysis Study of the chemical, physical and biological properties of water. + + biological water balance The amount of ingoing and outgoing water in a system, which are assumed to be equal in the long term so that the water budget will balance. + bird species Any species of the warm-blooded vertebrates which make up the class Aves. + water body Any mass of water having definite hydrological, physical, chemical and biological characteristics and which can be employed for one or several purposes. + + @@ -35509,22 +56336,30 @@ Implies that residues from degradation are nontoxic. One of the most misleading water bottom The floor upon which any body of water rests. + + water collection The catching of water, especially rain water, in a structure such as a basin or reservoir. + water conservation The protection, development and efficient management of water resources for beneficial purposes. + + water consumption The utilization patterns and quantities entailed in a community or human group's use of water for survival, comfort and enjoyment. + + + @@ -35533,6 +56368,8 @@ Implies that residues from degradation are nontoxic. One of the most misleading watercourse A natural stream arising in a given drainage basin but not wholly dependent for its flow on surface drainage in its immediate area, flowing in a channel with a well-defined bed between visible banks or through a definite depression in the land, having a definite and permanent or periodic supply of water, and usually, but not necessarily, having a perceptible current in a particular direction and discharging at a fixed point into another body of water. + + @@ -35543,12 +56380,19 @@ Implies that residues from degradation are nontoxic. One of the most misleading water demand + + + + water distribution system The system of pipes supplying water to communities and industries. + + + @@ -35561,6 +56405,8 @@ Implies that residues from degradation are nontoxic. One of the most misleading water endangering Can be caused by a variety of means, e.g. farm pollution from animal wastes and silage liquor (liquors from green leaf cattle food which has had molasses added to promote fermentation and preservation; they are highly polluting and can be a seasonal cause of fish deaths in small streams), leachate from landfill sites, and spoil heaps, solvent discharge to sewers or to land and inadequate sewage treatment works. + + @@ -35569,32 +56415,42 @@ Implies that residues from degradation are nontoxic. One of the most misleading water erosion The breakdown of solid rock into smaller particles and its removal by water. As weathering, erosion is a natural geological process, but more rapid soil erosion results from poor land-use practices, leading to the loss of fertile topsoil and to the silting of dams, lakes, rivers and harbours. There are three classes of erosion by water. a) Splash erosion occurs when raindrops strike bare soil, causing it to splash, as mud, to flow into spaces in the soil and to turn the upper layer of soil into a structureless, compacted mass that dries with a hard, largely impermeable crust. b) Surface flow occurs when soil is removed with surface run-off during heavy rain. c) Channelized flow occurs when a flowing mixture of water and soil cuts a channel, which is then deepened by further scouring. A minor erosion channel is called a rill, a larger channel a gully. + water extraction Pumping of water for different purposes (i.e. agriculture, land reclamation, domestic and industrial use, etc.). + + + birth control Limitation of the number of children born by preventing or reducing the frequency of impregnation. + waterfall A perpendicular or steep descent of the water of a stream, as where it crosses an outcrop of resistant rock overhanging softer rock that has been eroded or flows over the edge of a plateau of cliffed coast. + + water flea Fresh-water branchiopod crustaceans characterized by a transparent bivalve shell. + hydrologic flow The characteristic behaviour and the total quantity of water involved in a drainage basin, determined by measuring such quantities as rainfall, surface and subsurface storage and flow, and evapotranspiration. + + @@ -35602,17 +56458,24 @@ Implies that residues from degradation are nontoxic. One of the most misleading water for agricultural use Water used in agriculture for irrigation and livestock. Livestock watering is only 1 percent of the total water withdrawal for agricultural use. Of all functional water uses, irrigation is the largest agricultural use of water. + + water for consumption Consumptive water use starts with withdrawal, but in this case without any return, e.g. irrigation, steam escaping into the atmosphere, water contained in final products, i.e. it is no longer available directly for subsequent use. + + + water for industrial use Water used by industries for purposes such as fabrication, processing, washing and cooling, which is obtained from a public supply or through self-supplied sources. + + @@ -35620,32 +56483,43 @@ Implies that residues from degradation are nontoxic. One of the most misleading waterfowl Aquatic birds which constitute the order Anseriformes, including the swans, ducks, geese, and screamers. + water hardness The amount of calcium and magnesium salts dissolved in water. + + water hyacinth Floating aquatic plant, Eichornia crassipes of tropical America, having showy bluish-purple flowers and swollen leafstalks: family Pontederiaceae. It forms dense masses in rivers, ponds, etc., and is a serious pest in the southern U.S., Java, Australia, New Zealand, and parts of Africa. + water level The level reached by the surface of a body of water. + + waterlogged land Waterlogging is an effect of canal irrigation; it occurs when the water table rises to within 3 meters of a crop's roots, impeding their ability to absorb oxygen and ultimately compromising crop yields. Many factors contribute to waterlogging. These include inadequate drainage, improper balance in the use of groundwater and surface water, seepage and percolation from unlined channels, overwatering, planting crops not suited to specific soils, and inadequate preparation of land before irrigation. + + + water management Measures taken to ensure an adequate supply of water and a responsible utilization of water resources. + + @@ -35660,6 +56534,10 @@ Implies that residues from degradation are nontoxic. One of the most misleading water monitoring Studies conducted to estimate the quantity and the quality of pollutants, nutrients and suspended solids contained in water bodies and to assess sources and factors associated with agricultural practices, industrial activities or other human activities. + + + + @@ -35669,11 +56547,16 @@ Implies that residues from degradation are nontoxic. One of the most misleading water pollutant A chemical or physical agent introduced to any body of water that may detrimentally alter the natural condition of that body of water and other associated bodies of water. + + + water pollution The manmade or man-induced alteration of the chemical, physical, biological and radiological integrity of water. + + @@ -35688,11 +56571,16 @@ Implies that residues from degradation are nontoxic. One of the most misleading water pollution prevention Precautionary measures, actions or installations implemented to avert or hinder human-made or human-induced alteration of the physical, biological, chemical and radiological integrity of water. + + + water protection Measures to conserve surface and groundwater; to ensure the continued availability of water for growing domestic, commercial and industrial uses and to ensure sufficient water for natural ecosystems. + + @@ -35701,38 +56589,52 @@ Implies that residues from degradation are nontoxic. One of the most misleading water protection directive + + water protection legislation + + water pump A machine or apparatus used to lift water, usually from a well or borehole, which is powered manually or by engine, wind or some other source. + bitumen A generic term applied to natural inflammable substances of variable colour, hardness, and volatility, composed principally of a mixture of hydrocarbons substantially free from oxygenated bodies. Bitumens are sometimes associated with mineral matter, the nonmineral constituents being fusible and largely soluble in carbon disulfide, yielding water-insoluble sulfonation products. Petroleum, asphalts, natural mineral waxes, and asphaltites are all considered bitumens. + + water purification Any of several processes in which undesirable impurities in water are removed or neutralized. + + water purification plant Plant where water, through physical and chemical processes, is made suitable for human consumption and other purposes. + + + water quality A graded value of the components (organic and inorganic, chemical or physical) which comprise the nature of water. + + @@ -35751,6 +56653,8 @@ Implies that residues from degradation are nontoxic. One of the most misleading water quality directive EC Directive establishing the rules relating to water for human consumption. + + @@ -35758,17 +56662,23 @@ Implies that residues from degradation are nontoxic. One of the most misleading water quality management Water quality management concerns four major elements: the use (recreation, drinking water, fish and wildlife propagation, industrial or agricultural) to be made of the water; criteria to protect those uses; implementation plans (for needed industrial-municipal waste treatment improvements) and enforcement plans, and an anti-degradation statement to protect existing high quality waters. + + water quantity management The administration or handling of the amount of available potable water. + + water regulatory authority The power of a government agency or its administrators to administer and implement regulations, laws and government policies relating to the preservation and protection of water resources. + + @@ -35776,6 +56686,8 @@ Implies that residues from degradation are nontoxic. One of the most misleading water resource Water in any of its forms, wherever located - atmosphere, surface or ground - which is or can be of value to man. + + @@ -35783,31 +56695,48 @@ Implies that residues from degradation are nontoxic. One of the most misleading water resources conservation Controlled utilization or protection of any supply of water so that it is potentially useful for some purpose, such as for an economic, recreational or life-sustaining purpose. + + + water resources development + + + water reuse Use of process wastewater or treatment facility effluent in a different manufacturing process. + + + water salination Process by which water becomes more salty, found especially in hot countries where irrigation is practised. + + water saving Management of water resources aiming at ensuring the continued availability of water for human uses and natural ecosystems. + + + + water science The science that treats the occurrence, circulation, distribution, and properties of the waters of the earth, and their reaction with the environment. + + @@ -35816,6 +56745,8 @@ Implies that residues from degradation are nontoxic. One of the most misleading water (geographic) The liquid that forms streams, lakes, and seas, and issues from the ground in springs. + + @@ -35832,16 +56763,23 @@ Implies that residues from degradation are nontoxic. One of the most misleading watershed management Use, regulation and treatment of water and land resources of a watershed to accomplish stated objectives. + + + watershed The dividing line between two adjacent river systems, such as a ridge. + + waterside development Any physical extension of, or changes to, the uses of land in waterfront areas. + + @@ -35851,11 +56789,17 @@ Implies that residues from degradation are nontoxic. One of the most misleading water statistics + + + + water (substance) Common liquid (H2O) which forms rain, rivers, the sea, etc., and which makes up a large part of the bodies of organisms. + + @@ -35871,6 +56815,8 @@ Implies that residues from degradation are nontoxic. One of the most misleading water supply A source or volume of water available for use; also, the system of reservoirs, wells, conduits, and treatment facilities required to make the water available and usable. + + @@ -35883,6 +56829,8 @@ Implies that residues from degradation are nontoxic. One of the most misleading water transportation Transportation of goods or persons by means of ships travelling on the sea or on inland waterways. + + @@ -35892,6 +56840,8 @@ Implies that residues from degradation are nontoxic. One of the most misleading water treatment Purification of water to make it suitable for drinking or for any other use. + + @@ -35906,11 +56856,16 @@ Implies that residues from degradation are nontoxic. One of the most misleading water utilisation Three types of water use are distinguished: a) withdrawal, where water is taken from a river, or surface or underground reservoir, and after use returned to a natural water body, e.g. water used for cooling in industrial processes. Such return flows are particularly important for downstream users in the case of water taken from rivers; b) consumptive, which starts with withdrawal but in this case without any return, e.g. irrigation, steam escaping into the atmosphere, water contained in final products, i.e. it is no longer available directly for subsequent uses; c) non-withdrawal, i.e. the in situ use of a water body for navigation (including the floating of logs by the lumber industry), fishing, recreation, effluent disposal and hydroelectric power generation. + + + waterway A river, canal, or other navigable channel used as a means of travel or transport. + + @@ -35921,17 +56876,25 @@ Implies that residues from degradation are nontoxic. One of the most misleading water well A well sunk to extract water from a zone of saturation. + + waterworks Plant for treating and purifying water before it is pumped into pipes for distribution to houses, factories, schools, etc. + + + + wave energy Power extracted from the motion of sea waves at the coast. + + @@ -35940,17 +56903,21 @@ Implies that residues from degradation are nontoxic. One of the most misleading black coal A natural black graphitelike material used as a fuel, formed from fossilized plants and consisting of amorphous carbon with various organic and some inorganic compounds. + + sea wave A moving ridge or swell of water occurring close to the surface of the sea, characterized by oscillating and rising and falling movements, often as a result of the frictional drag of the wind. + weapon An instrument of attack or defense in combat, as a gun, missile, or sword. + @@ -35960,6 +56927,7 @@ Implies that residues from degradation are nontoxic. One of the most misleading weather The day-to-day meteorological conditions, especially temperature, cloudiness, and rainfall, affecting a specific place. + @@ -35968,11 +56936,14 @@ Implies that residues from degradation are nontoxic. One of the most misleading weather condition The complex of meteorological characteristics in a given region. + weather modification The changing of natural weather phenomena by technical means. + + @@ -35980,33 +56951,43 @@ Implies that residues from degradation are nontoxic. One of the most misleading weather monitoring The periodic or continuous surveillance or analysis of the state of the atmosphere and climate, including variables such as temperature, moisture, wind velocity and barometric pressure. + + weather forecasting The act or process of predicting and highlighting meteorological conditions that are expected for a specific time period and for a specific area or portion of air space, by using objective models based on certain atmospheric parameters, along with the skill and experience of a meteorologist. + + weed Any plant that grows wild and profusely, especially one that grows among cultivated plants, depriving them of space, food, etc. + + weed control Freeing an area of land from weeds by several means, such as herbicides, tillage, burning, mowing, and crop competition. + weight The gravitational force with which the earth attracts a body. By extension, the gravitational force with which a star, planet, or satellite attracts a nearby body. + + welding Joining two metals by applying heat to melt and fuse them, with or without filler metal. + @@ -36014,28 +56995,34 @@ Implies that residues from degradation are nontoxic. One of the most misleading well A hole dug into the earth to reach a supply of water, oil, brine or gas. + + West Africa A geographic region of the African continent bordered in the west and south by the Atlantic Ocean, including the republics of Benin, Burkina Faso, Cabo Verde, Cote D'ivoire, Gambie, Ghana, Guinee Bissau, Liberia, Mali, Mauritanie, Niger, Nigeria, Sengegal, Sierra Leone and Togo. + Western Asia A geographic region of Asia that includes Turkey, Iran and other countries of the Middle East and the Arabian peninsula. + Western Europe A geographic region of the European continent surrounded by the North Sea, Atlantic Ocean and the Mediterranean Sea, including Belgium, France, Germany, Great Britain, Greece, Italy, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Portugal, Spain and other member countries of the Western European Union. + wetland Areas that are inundated by surface or ground water with frequency sufficient to support a prevalence of vegetative or aquatic life that requires saturated or seasonally saturated soil conditions for growth or reproduction. + @@ -36049,16 +57036,22 @@ Implies that residues from degradation are nontoxic. One of the most misleading wetlands ecosystem Ecosystems of areas largely inundated with water but offering elevated lands as a habitat for wildlife. This areas include swamps, both seasonal and permanent, marsh, open fresh water, shallow saline lagoons, the estuaries of rivers, floodplains and coastal sand dunes. They provide food, breeding grounds, water and sanctuary for many forms of fish, birds and other animal and plant life. They are among the most productive ecosystems producing timber, peat moss and crops such as rice and a variety of berries. + + wet process Process used to remove particulate matter and/or gaseous pollutants by means of an aqueous stream or slurry. + + + blast furnace A tall, cylindrical smelting furnace for reducing iron ore to pig iron; the blast of air blown through solid fuel increases the combustion rate. + @@ -36066,37 +57059,47 @@ Implies that residues from degradation are nontoxic. One of the most misleading wet scrubber 1) An air cleaning device that literally washes out the dust. Exhaust air is forced into a spray chamber, where fine water particles cause the dust to drop from the air stream. The dust-ladden water is then treated to remove the solid material and is often recirculated. 2) Equipment through which a gas is passed to remove impurities (solid, liquid, or gaseous particles) by intimate contact with a suitable liquid, usually an aqueous medium. + + wet waste Organic refuse or material left over from a manufacturing process, which is characterized by the presence of moisture. + whale Large marine mammals of the order Cetacea; the body is streamlined, the broad flat tail is used for propulsion, and the limbs are balancing structures. + + whaling Catching whales to use as food or for their oil, etc. Whales are the largest mammals still in existence. They are caught mainly for their oils, though in some case for food. Some species of whale have become extinct because of overexploitation and the population of many of the existing species is dangerously low. Commercial whaling is severely restricted. + wholesale trade The business of selling goods to retailers in larger quantities than they are sold to final consumers but in smaller quantities than they are purchased from manufacturers. + + wild animal Not domesticated animals living independently of man. + wildlife Animals and plants that grow independently of people, usually in natural conditions. + @@ -36107,6 +57110,8 @@ Implies that residues from degradation are nontoxic. One of the most misleading wildlife conservation A series of measures required to maintain or restore the natural habitats and the populations of species of wild fauna and flora at a favourable status. + + @@ -36114,18 +57119,23 @@ Implies that residues from degradation are nontoxic. One of the most misleading wildlife habitat Suitable upland or wetland areas promoting survival of wildlife. + wildlife population statistics The numerical facts or data collected through various methodologies, such as sighting surveys, which represent or estimate the size of any wildlife species for purposes such as analyzing population trends. + + bleaching agent 1) A chemical, such as an aromatic acyl peroxide or monoperoxiphthalic acid, used to bleach flour, fats, oils and other edibles. 2) An oxidizing or reducing chemical such as sodium hypochlorite, sulfur dioxide, sodium acid sulfite, or hydrogen peroxide. + + @@ -36134,6 +57144,9 @@ Implies that residues from degradation are nontoxic. One of the most misleading wildlife sanctuary 1) An area, usually in natural condition, which is reserved (set aside) by a governmental or private agency for the protection of particular species of animals during part or all of the year. 2) An area designated for the protection of wild animals, within which hunting and fishing is either prohibited or strictly controlled. + + + @@ -36141,79 +57154,108 @@ Implies that residues from degradation are nontoxic. One of the most misleading running wild A state of nature or a quality or state of being undomesticated, untamed or uncultivated. + wild plant Plants growing in a natural state (not cultivated). + willingness-to-pay + willingness-to-pay analysis + wind The motion of air relative to the earth's surface; usually means horizontal air motion, as distinguished from vertical motion. + + + bleaching clay Clay capable of chemically adsorbing oils, insecticides, alkaloids, vitamins, carbohydrates and other materials; it is used for refining and decolorizing mineral and vegetable oils. + wind erosion The breakdown of solid rock into smaller particles and its removal by wind. It may occur on any soil whose surface is dry, unprotected by vegetation (to bind it at root level and shelter the surface) and consists of light particles. The mechanisms include straightforward picking up of dust and soil particles by the airflow and the dislodging or abrasion of surface material by the impact of particles already airborne. + windmill A machine for grinding or pumping driven by a set of adjustable vanes or sails that are caused to turn by the force of the wind. + + + wind power Energy extracted from wind, traditionally in a windmill, but increasingly by more complicated designes including turbines, usually to produce electricity but also for water pumping. The power available from wind is proportional to the area swept by the rotating place and the cube of the wind velocity, but less than half the available power can be recovered. + wind power station Power station which uses wind to drive a turbine which creates electricity. + + + bleaching process 1) Removing colored components from a textile. Common bleaches are hydrogen peroxide, sodium hypochloride, and sodium chlorite. 2) The brightening and delignification of pulp by the addition of oxidizing chemicals such as chlorine or reducing chemicals such as sodium hypochloride. + + + + woman An adult human female. + + woman's status The social position, rank or relative importance of women in society. + timber A wood, especially when regarded as a construction material. + + + wood A dense growth of trees more extensive than a grove and smaller than a forest. + + + @@ -36225,25 +57267,33 @@ Implies that residues from degradation are nontoxic. One of the most misleading blood (tissue) A fluid connective tissue consisting of the plasma and cells that circulate in the blood vessels. + + woodland clearance The permanent clear-felling of an area of forest or woodland. On steep slopes this can lead to severe soil erosion, especially where heavy seasonal rains or the melting of snow at higher levels cause sudden heavy flows of water. In the humid tropics it may also lead to a release of carbon dioxide from the soil. + woodland ecosystem The interacting system of a biological community and its non-living environmental surroundings in wooded areas or land areas covered with trees and shrubs. + + wood preservation The use of chemicals to prevent or retard the decay of wood, especially by fungi or insects; widely used preservatives include creosote, pitch, sodium fluoride and tar; especially used on wood having contact with the ground. + + wood product + @@ -36253,17 +57303,24 @@ Implies that residues from degradation are nontoxic. One of the most misleading wood waste Waste which is left over after the processing of raw timber. + + wool A textile fiber made from raw wool characterized by absorbency, resiliency and insulation. + work accident Accident occurring in the course of the employment and caused by inherent or related factors arising from the operation of materials of one's occupation. + + + + @@ -36272,11 +57329,15 @@ Implies that residues from degradation are nontoxic. One of the most misleading worked-out open cut A mine where all the mineral that could be profitably exploited has been removed. + + working condition All existing circumstances affecting labor in the workplace, including job hours, physical aspects, legal rights and responsibilities. + + @@ -36288,11 +57349,15 @@ Implies that residues from degradation are nontoxic. One of the most misleading working hours The time devoted to gainful employment or job-related activities, usually calculated as hours per day or per week. + + working the soil Ploughing the soil for agricultural purposes. + + @@ -36300,6 +57365,8 @@ Implies that residues from degradation are nontoxic. One of the most misleading workplace Any or all locations or environments where people are employed. + + @@ -36307,6 +57374,7 @@ Implies that residues from degradation are nontoxic. One of the most misleading world The Earth with all its inhabitants and all things upon it. + @@ -36326,73 +57394,94 @@ Implies that residues from degradation are nontoxic. One of the most misleading world heritage site Sites of great cultural significance and geographic areas of outstanding universal value. They include the Pyramids of Egypt, the Grand Canyon of United States, the Taj Mahal of India, the Great Wall of China, etc. + + write-off Accounting procedure that is used when an asset is uncollectible and is therefore charged-off as a loss. + blue-green alga Microorganisms, formerly classified as algae but now regarded as bacteria, including nostoc, which contain a blue pigment in addition to chlorophyll. + wrongful act An act contrary to the rules of natural or legal justice. + wrongful government act A deed performed by a government official or agent in exercise of police, constitutional, legislative, administrative or judicial powers that infringes upon the rights of another and causes damage, without protecting an equal or superior right. + xenobiotic substance A substance which would not normally be found in a given environment, and usually means a toxic chemical which is entirely artificial, such as a chlorinated aromatic compound or an organomercury compound. + + + - X ray + X-ray A penetrating electromagnetic radiation, usually generated by accelerating electrons to high velocity and suddenly stopping them by collision with a solid body, or by inner-shell transitions of atoms with atomic number greater than 10; their wavelength ranges from about 10(-5) angstrom to 10(3) angstroms, the average wavelength used in research being 1 angstrom. + yeast Many species of unicellular fungi, most of which belong to the Ascomycetes and reproduce by budding. The genus Saccharomyces is used in brewing and winemaking because in low oxygen concentration it produces zymase, an enzyme system that breaks down sugars to alcohol and carbon dioxide. Saccharomyces is also used in bread-making. Some yeasts are used as a source of protein and of vitamins of the B group. + yield (economy) Profit or income created through an investment or a business transaction. + infant A young child in the first years of life. + + youth The state of being young; the period between childhood and adult age. + + youth work Job opportunities and employment for adolescents, either for financial reward or educational enrichment. + + zinc A brittle bluish-white metallic element that becomes coated with a corrosion-resistant layer in moist air and occurs chiefly in sphalerite and smithsonite. It is a constituent of several alloys, especially brass and nickel-silver, and is used in die-casting, galvanizing metals, and in battery electrodes. + zoning Designation and reservation under a master plan of land use for light and heavy industry, dwellings, offices, and other buildings; use is enforced by restrictions on types of buildings in each zone. + + @@ -36401,17 +57490,24 @@ Implies that residues from degradation are nontoxic. One of the most misleading zoological garden Area in which animals, especially wild animals, are kept so that people can go and look at them, or study them. + + + + zoology The study of animals, including their classification, structure, physiology, and history. + + zoonosis Diseases which are biologically adapted to and normally found in animals but which under some conditions also infect man. + @@ -36421,11 +57517,17 @@ Implies that residues from degradation are nontoxic. One of the most misleading boating To travel or go in a boat as a form of recreation. + + + biochemical oxygen demand The amount of oxygen used for biochemical oxidation by a unit volume of water at a given temperature and for a given time. BOD is an index of the degree of organic pollution in water. + + + @@ -36433,6 +57535,7 @@ Implies that residues from degradation are nontoxic. One of the most misleading administration The management or direction of the affairs of a public or private office, business or organization. + @@ -36443,21 +57546,27 @@ Implies that residues from degradation are nontoxic. One of the most misleading boiler An enclosed vessel in which water is heated and circulated, either as hot water or as steam, for heating or power. + boiling point The temperature at which the transition from the liquid to the gaseous phase occurs in a pure substance at fixed pressure. + + book A collection of leaves of paper, parchment or other material, usually bound or fastened together within covers, containing writing of any type or blank pages for future inscription. + + bookkeeping The art or science of recording business accounts and transactions. + @@ -36469,6 +57578,7 @@ Implies that residues from degradation are nontoxic. One of the most misleading border The dividing line or frontier between political or geographic regions. + @@ -36481,6 +57591,7 @@ Implies that residues from degradation are nontoxic. One of the most misleading boron A very hard almost colourless crystalline metalloid element that in impure form exists as a brown amorphous powder. It occurs principally in borax and is used in hardening steel. + @@ -36488,11 +57599,15 @@ Implies that residues from degradation are nontoxic. One of the most misleading botanical garden A place in which plants are grown, studied and exhibited. + + + botany A branch of the biological sciences which embraces the study of plants and plant life. + @@ -36503,39 +57618,49 @@ Implies that residues from degradation are nontoxic. One of the most misleading boundary crossing Crossing of a state border. + boundary layer The layer of fluid adjacent to a physical boundary in which the fluid motion is significantly affected by the boundary and has a mean velocity less than the free stream value. + + bovid Any animal belonging to the Bovidae family. + brackish water Water, salty between the concentrations of fresh water and sea water; usually 5-10 parts x thousand. + bradyseism A long-continued, extremely slow vertical instability of the crust, as in the volcanic district west of Naples, Italy, where the Phlegraean bradyseism has involved up-and-down movements between 6 m below sea level and 6 m above over a period of more than 2.000 years. + breast milk Milk from the breast for feeding babies. + + breeding The application of genetic principles to the improvement of farm animals and cultivated plants. + + @@ -36549,16 +57674,20 @@ Implies that residues from degradation are nontoxic. 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+ @@ -296,11 +10889,15 @@ gestion des eaux superficielles + + protection de la faune et de la flore + + @@ -311,27 +10908,37 @@ centre historique + + promotion du commerce et de l'industrie + + maçonnerie + + brome + replat sableux + + espèce animale + @@ -339,21 +10946,25 @@ espèce végétale + profession + tradition populaire + branches du droit + @@ -370,6 +10981,7 @@ organisation judiciaire + @@ -398,47 +11010,68 @@ méthode chimique de mesure de la pollution + + + instrument de mesure + + évolution des polluants + bruit urbain + + + + propreté + + environnement industriel (généralités) + + risque naturel + étude des risques naturels + + + risque majeur + système de secours + + @@ -446,24 +11079,33 @@ gestion de crise + fiscalité + concept d'environnement + + écologie forestière + + + écologie scientifique + + @@ -483,116 +11125,168 @@ écologie urbaine + + + écozone + + + ingéniérie de l'environnement + paléoécologie + + patrimoine biologique + + couvaison + altitude + + + + calanque + gorge + + cap + cirque géographique + continent + cordon littoral + + ruisseau + + crique + + faille + + falaise + + haute mer + lagon + + lit de cours d'eau + + + environnement physique + plaine alluviale + + + récif barrière + + relief + ordonnance des biotopes + + + + espace naturel sensible + + étude de milieu + @@ -601,37 +11295,52 @@ milieu abiotique + milieu aquatique + + milieu sensible + + milieu terrestre + + parc marin + + broussaille + + parc naturel régional + + réserve + + @@ -642,22 +11351,33 @@ réserve biologique gouvernementale + + + réserve biologique forestière + + + réserve naturelle volontaire + + zone centrale de parc + zone marine protégée + + @@ -665,107 +11385,153 @@ zone périphérique de parc + alignement + + + bocage + jardin à la française + + + jardin à l'anglaise + + + jardin en terrasses + + + bryophites + paysage en terrasses + + protection de la montagne + + protection des sites + + protection du littoral + + + politique de la "bulle" (permis d'émissions négociables) + + + restauration de site + + site classé + + site inscrit + + budget + charte d'écologie urbaine + + + écocitoyenneté + gestion intégrée + + mécénat + plan municipal d'environnement + + sensibilisation du public + punaise + bâtiment + @@ -781,6 +11547,7 @@ compétence administrative + @@ -793,15 +11560,22 @@ poisson migrateur + + zone construite + + + + composant préfabriqué (bâtiment) + @@ -811,15 +11585,23 @@ félidé + industrie du bâtiment + + + zone constructible + + + + @@ -827,6 +11609,8 @@ matériau de construction + + @@ -847,22 +11631,31 @@ mammifère marin + + industrie des matériaux de construction + + + ovidé + planification de la construction + + + @@ -870,96 +11663,140 @@ réglementation du bâtiment + + abri + + + aire de nidification + + autorisation administrative + couloir d'animaux + + + + dégât animal + + + déplacement d'animaux + + + chantier + + + + frayère + + + habitat animal + + nidification + population animale + viabilisation + reproduction animale + + survie + espèce endémique + feuillu + + pré sous-marin + + + macrophyte + technologie du bâtiment + + déchet de construction + + @@ -968,41 +11805,56 @@ ripisylve + + châtaignier + système de drainage bâti + + + graminée + + posidonie + étage de végétation + + environnement bâti + + population végétale + structure bâtie + @@ -1011,18 +11863,24 @@ arboretum + + + chorologie + collection de documents divers + agglomération + @@ -1032,186 +11890,267 @@ réserve pour animaux + + jardin botanique + + introduction d'espèces animales + + introduction d'espèces végétales + + patrimoine animal + + patrimoine végétal + + culture des bulbes + protection des animaux + + réintroduction d'espèces animales + + + réintroduction d'espèces végétales + + + reboisement + chablis + + élagage + exploitation forestière + forêt de montagne + + forêt domaniale + + + forêt méditérranéenne + + + forêt privée + + + futaie + + maquis + juridiction administrative + pelouse sèche + + pépinière + + + protection de la forêt + + + régénération naturelle + + résineux + + taillis sous futaie + + jeu + + grand gibier + conchyliculture + + bureaucratisation + ostréiculture + + pêche professionnelle + + réserve nationale de pêche + + + action socio-éducative + concours + formation continue + formation initiale + pédagogie + + droit administratif + + métier de l'environnement + autobus + + + fonction publique + @@ -1228,12 +12167,14 @@ organisation du travail + entreprise + @@ -1243,11 +12184,17 @@ base de loisirs + + + équipement collectif + + + @@ -1262,50 +12209,76 @@ piste cyclable + + + piste de ski + + + circuit touristique + + + + écomusée + + folklore + fréquentation du public + + fréquentation touristique + + + gîte rural + + + hébergement + + public + sentier + + @@ -1316,70 +12289,104 @@ sentier littoral + + + sentier pédagogique + + + station balnéaire + + + papillon + station de montagne + + station de sports d'hiver + + + + + unité touristique + + véhicule tout terrain + + + densité de population + jeune + + pile bouton + + population active + aménagement du temps + biens durables + bien non durable + capture accessoire + biens + + @@ -1390,42 +12397,60 @@ biens et services + + + budget temps + cadre de vie + + cycle de vie d'un produit + écolabel + + + certification qualité + + + niveau de vie + sous-produit + + offre et demande + + @@ -1436,80 +12461,108 @@ inégalité écologique + + inégalité sociale + mythe + attitude NIMBY + + psychosociologie + + représentation sociale + sentiment de la nature + + socio-économie + + + câble + + accès aux documents administratifs + acte administratif + + administration territoriale + aide à la décision + attribution ministérielle + citoyen + collectivité locale + collectivité territoriale + + débat parlementaire + facteur abiotique + @@ -1517,154 +12570,208 @@ cadmium + motivation des actes administratifs + contamination par le cadmium + plan économique + + principe de subsidiarité + césium + aide financière + aide internationale + aide publique + + comptabilité nationale + compte satellite + dépense des ménages + + dépense publique + + fonds d'intervention + fonds financier + Fonds monétaire européen + Fonds monétaire international + incitation économique + incitation fiscale + + produit intérieur brut + taxe parafiscale + + analyse de filière + + + audit + + + évaluation du patrimoine naturel + + + coût de l'eau + + écomarketing + gestion patrimoniale + investissement antipollution + + marché de l'environnement + + + prime antipollution + + tarification de l'eau + + théorie de l'environnement + activité commerciale + développement local + étude de marché + procédure administrative + @@ -1697,43 +12804,64 @@ libre échange + + pays moins avancé + + relation Nord-Sud + + calcium + calcul + + densité + + distribution spatiale + + + donnée économique + + teneur en calcium + + + index + + @@ -1741,49 +12869,63 @@ recensement + série statistique + sondage d'opinion + méthode de calcul + + taux + variation saisonnière + + comité scientifique + + controverse scientifique + étalonnage + recherche appliquée + recherche scientifique + @@ -1799,35 +12941,46 @@ étalonnage des instruments de mesure + agronomie + agrosystème + calamité agricole + + sous-estimation agricole + + développement rural + + hydraulique agricole + technique culturale + @@ -1848,65 +13001,89 @@ culture fourragère + culture maraîchère + + semence + traitement des cultures + traitement phytosanitaire + aviculture + technique d'élevage + transhumance + + sanction administrative + amendement minéral + + + assèchement + + culture sur brûlis + + craie + + + engrais azote + + + @@ -1914,10 +13091,15 @@ camping + + engrais phosphate + + + @@ -1926,6 +13108,9 @@ engrais potassique + + + @@ -1933,49 +13118,73 @@ épuration par le sol + + + lessivage du sol + + + matière minérale + + + matière organique + + + + camping + + + réseau de drainage + réseau d'irrigation + + salinité du sol + + valeur agronomique + aménagement de la montagne + + @@ -1983,62 +13192,89 @@ gestion et planification rurale + aménagement touristique + groupement forestier + + projet d'équipement + + abords (agglomération) + canal + + + gare ferroviaire + + gare routière + + + matériau routier + + + ouvrage d'art + réseau ferroviaire + + + réseau routier + + + navigation + + @@ -2048,51 +13284,76 @@ marine marchande + + + transport combiné + cancer + communauté urbaine + + document d'urbanisme + + espace périurbain + + maison individuelle + + + plan d'occupation des sols + + + + planification et développement urbain + régime foncier + + + + risque de cancer + + @@ -2100,47 +13361,66 @@ ville nouvelle + + zone de préemption + + + zone d'intervention foncière + + canidé + architecture rurale + architecture traditionnelle + destruction de bâtiment + génie urbain + + restauration de bâtiment + + + + déclaration réglementaire + norme de qualité + @@ -2148,14 +13428,17 @@ norme européenne + norme ISO + réglementation technique + @@ -2170,55 +13453,75 @@ codification + doctrine (droit) + droit des transports + + droit rural + + droits des animaux + + + + droits des générations futures + + droits du citoyen + + automobile + avis + + circulaire + décision communautaire + ordre + @@ -2227,16 +13530,21 @@ instruction administrative + + instruction technique + + droit (corpus de lois) + @@ -2277,26 +13585,34 @@ permis de chasse + + permis de construire + + permis de pêche + + projet de loi + règlement + @@ -2318,62 +13634,82 @@ transposition de directive + concession + débat public + déclaration d'utilité publique + + domaine privé + domaine public fluvial + + + domaine public maritime + + + + droit d'accès + enquête d'utilité publique + enquête publique + gestion déléguée + contrôle d'état + servitude + crime + @@ -2383,34 +13719,43 @@ pouvoir de police + procédure pénale + arrêt (droit) + conflit + + contentieux + cour administrative + Cour de justice des communautés européennes + justice + @@ -2419,22 +13764,27 @@ procès + hydrate de carbone + + tribunal + carbone + @@ -2444,117 +13794,161 @@ bail + certification + + homologation + carbonate + notification + préemption + + + prescription + répression + délégation de pouvoir + flux de polluant + interface air mer + + + + migration de polluant + pollution accidentelle + pollution bactériologique + + cycle du carbone + pollution diffuse + pollution domestique + + pollution minérale + + pollution organique + pollution photochimique + + + pollution tellurique + + + pollution toxique + + rejet en cours d'eau + + + rejet en sous sol + + polluant urbain + + mesure de prévention + @@ -2568,6 +13962,7 @@ mesure de protection + @@ -2578,21 +13973,27 @@ acidité forte + biomarqueur + contamination biologique + + contamination chimique + + @@ -2603,6 +14004,9 @@ effet biologique de la pollution + + + @@ -2610,6 +14014,8 @@ dioxyde de carbone + + @@ -2618,38 +14024,62 @@ irréversibilité du phénomène + + objectif de qualité + particule solide + + + + pouvoir épurateur + + + + + taxe sur le dioxyde de carbone + + + capteur + + instrumentation + + métrologie + satellite d'observation + + + + @@ -2658,11 +14088,13 @@ atrazine + azote organique + @@ -2670,86 +14102,115 @@ composé halogéné + monoxyde de carbone + + monoxyde de soufre + pyralène + asbestose + génotoxicité + + intoxication + + équarrissage + + test biologique + + carbone organique total + + + décomposition chimique + test de laboratoire + indice biotique + matière oxydable + oxygène dissous + + photodécomposition + substance insoluble + substance non volatile + + substance peu dégradable + + @@ -2757,47 +14218,60 @@ substance volatile + + corrosivité chimique + analyse physico-chimique + + cancérigènicité + étude expérimentale + granulométrie + test de cancérigénicité + + prélèvement + produit chimique + + @@ -2833,80 +14307,106 @@ produit inflammable + propriété organoleptique + + cancérigène + + + système auditif + + système cardiovasculaire + + cardiologie + + maladie cardiovasculaire + entérovirus + + biologie animale + biologie végétale + + patrimoine génétique + acuité auditive + + décibel + qualité acoustique + Caraïbes (les) + spectre de bruit + carnivores + @@ -2916,56 +14416,85 @@ vibration mécanique + + bruit aérien + + bruit de fond + bruit de roulement + + bruit de voisinage + + confort acoustique + + plan d'exposition au bruit + + + + centrale marémotrice + + + + énergie hydroélectrique + + microcentrale + + + moulin à eau + + + + capacité de charge écologique + @@ -2975,24 +14504,39 @@ effet de report + + déclassement de centrale + + + + adsorption + + + + + cartographie + + radioélément + + @@ -3002,14 +14546,21 @@ surgénérateur + + + + zone contaminée + + aérosol atmosphérique + @@ -3018,10 +14569,17 @@ pneu d'automobile + + + + biocarburant + + + @@ -3033,139 +14591,195 @@ dépérissement forestier + + + + éthanol + pollution automobile + + + retombée atmosphérique + + voiture propre + + culture industrielle + paléoclimatologie + + climat continental + climat désertique + climat équatorial + climat méditerranéen + climat montagnard + climat océanique + climat tempéré + climat tropical + inversion thermique + orage + + + catalyse + verglas + + exploitation de nappe souterraine + + infiltration d'eau dans le sol + + adulte + + catalyseur + + nappe phréatique + + protection de zone de captage de l'eau + + + protection des niveaux d'eau + + + pot catalytique + + + + écoulement des crues + remplissage de réservoir (barrage) + + hydrométrie + + catastrophe + @@ -3173,18 +14787,26 @@ prévision des crues + + réseau hydrographique + sédimentologie + + bassin hydrographique + + + @@ -3195,27 +14817,42 @@ bassin versant + + + eau de baignade douce + + + eau domaniale + + eau non domaniale + + + tourbière + dessalement de l'eau + + + @@ -3223,56 +14860,83 @@ eau de baignade marine + + + émissaire marin + exploitation des océans + + houle + + pollution d'estuaire + + + gestion de cours d'eau + + + rinçage + écluse + + + formation pour adultes + rendement de pêche + faucardage + + protection des berges + + catégorie d'espèce menacée d'extinction + + + @@ -3285,54 +14949,79 @@ retenue d'eau + + vidange de barrage + + agressivité de l'eau + + amélioration de la qualité de l'eau + + goût de l'eau + + marée verte + + + matières en suspension + + + + salinité de l'eau + + captage + + cation + fontaine + + réservoir d'eau + @@ -3341,16 +15030,23 @@ bétail (bovins) + + déminéralisation de l'eau + + + traitement des eaux usées sur site + + @@ -3358,49 +15054,78 @@ assainissement collectif + + + bassin d'orage + + + + système de canalisation des eaux de pluie + + + réseau de canalisation indépendant + + + réseau de canalisation combiné + + aération de l'eau + + assainissement autonome + + + bassin de décantation + + biofiltre + + eau usée + + eau usée urbaine + + + @@ -3408,133 +15133,194 @@ effluent issu du traitement de déchets + + + épuration biologique + + + lagunage + + principe de précaution + régénération d'eau + gestion des ressources en eau + + + + grotte + + centre de tri (déchets) + + dépôt de ferraille + + industrie de la récupération + + + + valorisation énergétique des déchets + + valorisation des matières de déchets + + nettoiement des plages + + déchet encombrant + pile alcaline + + pile électrique + + déchet d'action de dépollution + déchets sanitaires + déchet industriel spécial + + + déchet métallique + déchet minéral + cellule (biologie) + + épave de bateau + huile minérale + + + lactosérum + + immersion des déchets + + + cellule (énergie) + + résidu de broyage + résidu d'épuration + + résidu d'incinération + + + @@ -3542,128 +15328,186 @@ boue de curage + + + boue deshydratée + cellulose + + boue résiduaire + + épaississement + + stabilisation des boues + + industrie de la cellulose + + + activité industrielle + + friche industrielle + + + + installation classée + ciment + + équarrissage + porcherie + + + industrie du ciment + + + chaîne pétrolière + + dépôt d'hydrocarbure + + + forage pétrolier + + + + cimenterie + + extraction de granulat + + industrie mécanique + + filière bois + industrie de l'emballage + + Afrique Centrale + Amérique Centrale + Asie Centrale + biofiltration + + + déchloruration + + ingéniérie + @@ -3682,35 +15526,58 @@ méthanisation + + + administration centrale + traitement aérobie + + + publicité + + traitement anaérobie + + + traitement biologique + + + + + + traitement physicochimique + + + + + @@ -3727,6 +15594,10 @@ traitement physique + + + + @@ -3742,65 +15613,92 @@ traitement primaire + + traitement secondaire + + traitement tertiaire + + centralisation + vitrification + + centrifugation + céphalopode + carrière souterraine + + + céramique + géotechnique + mécanique des roches + industrie de la céramique + + débroussaillement + + prévention des incendies de forêt + + + protection contre les crues + + + @@ -3810,32 +15708,46 @@ restauration de terrain en montagne + + + + stabilité du sol + volcanologie + + réglementation parasismique + + cétacé + sécurité civile + sécurité industrielle + + + @@ -3843,10 +15755,14 @@ exposition aux risques + zone à risque + + + @@ -3857,6 +15773,7 @@ accident technologique + @@ -3864,14 +15781,18 @@ maladie de Chagas + catastrophe écologique + danger nucléaire + + @@ -3879,34 +15800,52 @@ gestion intégrée + installation à haut risque + + installation dangereuse + + + danger biotechnologique + + risque nucléaire + + + + transport de matières dangereuses + + + zone sinistrée + + + @@ -3914,23 +15853,33 @@ changement de valeur + + étude de danger + information préventive + + + plan d'exposition aux risques + canalisation + + + @@ -3938,6 +15887,9 @@ assurance dommages + + + @@ -3945,42 +15897,61 @@ assurance pollution + + + + dégât des eaux + + évaluation des dommages + publicité pour un produit + + charbon de bois + + expertise + réparation des dommages + + + charge négociable + + + établissement public + @@ -3988,117 +15959,156 @@ établissement public à caractère administratif + établissement public à caractère industriel et commercial + cartogramme + société de conseil + chélicère + brevet d'invention + analyse chimique + + communiqué de presse + discours + + composition chimique + étude d'environnement + + absorption (exposition) + + conseil + + film cinématographique + + film documentaire + + herbier + + rapport au ministre + rapport parlementaire + + texte réglementaire + thèse + décontamination chimique + + + CD ROM + centre d'information + génie chimique + information technique + retombée (substances chimiques) + + réseau d'information + @@ -4106,6 +16116,9 @@ engrais chimique + + + @@ -4115,12 +16128,15 @@ analyse + méthode + + @@ -4133,12 +16149,16 @@ industrie sidérurgique + industrie chimique + + + @@ -4148,16 +16168,24 @@ habitat urbain + + + faune sauvage + aménagement du territoire + + + + @@ -4167,78 +16195,112 @@ habitat rural + + + + qualité des eaux souterraines + + définition des cibles + + installation chimique + + + ontogenèse + taxe foncière + + pelouse + cycle biologique + océanographie chimique + habitat humain + + concentration urbaine + + jardin familial + + + + photographie + + bouchon + + + ferraille + + vote + structure agricole + @@ -4246,10 +16308,12 @@ politique budgétaire + procédé chimique de lutte contre les nuisibles + @@ -4258,28 +16322,35 @@ politique de coopération + équilibre international + finances communautaires + + organisation de la justice + droits + + @@ -4289,22 +16360,27 @@ structure économique + distribution commerciale + + relation monétaire + économie monétaire + @@ -4313,23 +16389,29 @@ libre circulation des capitaux + cadre social + protection sociale + organisation de l'enseignement + organisation de l'entreprise + + @@ -4338,46 +16420,65 @@ usine chimique + + + + type d'entreprise + + forme juridique de l'entreprise + exploitation de la terre agricole + moyen de production agricole + produit agricole transformé + + agro-alimentaire + + politique en matière de produits chimiques + + géographie économique + + + crédit + @@ -4386,15 +16487,20 @@ liberté + structure industrielle + + polluant chimique + + @@ -4403,22 +16509,32 @@ stock (commercial) + + stérilisation (biologique) + + + économie environnementale des entreprises + + rendement (agriculture) + apport de solution à un problème environnemental + + @@ -4427,16 +16543,23 @@ plante fourragère + + + matière première végétale + + pollution chimique + + @@ -4444,57 +16567,77 @@ plante textile + + plante tropicale + propriété foncière agricole + exploitation agricole + mode de faire-valoir + + milieu géophysique + produit pétrochimique + + parachimie + + produit protéique + + aliment transformé + + aération + + + procédé chimique + @@ -4505,20 +16648,25 @@ produit alimentaire complexe + produit minier + + plante sarclée + système de culture + @@ -4526,6 +16674,7 @@ production végétale + @@ -4533,19 +16682,27 @@ équipement de pêche + zone de pêche + industrie charbonnière + + + industrie énergétique + + + @@ -4555,33 +16712,48 @@ industrie de la communication + + + + industrie informatique + + + industrie du vide + + conditionnement + + mécanique de précision + + technologie des matériaux + propriété chimique + @@ -4599,29 +16771,36 @@ matériel militaire + matériel audiovisuel + machine + matériel mécanique + équipement sous pression + équipement thermique + + @@ -4634,40 +16813,58 @@ fabrication industrielle + + taille d'entreprise + + activité de l'entreprise + + secteur d'activité + + profession administrative + + équipment du bâtiment + + mode de transport + + localisation du transport + dégradation de l'environnement + + + @@ -4682,21 +16879,26 @@ budget communautaire + + soutien économique + système de comptabilité + réaction chimique + @@ -4717,14 +16919,19 @@ prévision économique + tarif douanier + + acte de commerce + + @@ -4733,121 +16940,162 @@ politique des salaires + + système monétaire européen + marché monétaire + politique des changes + politique de crédit + + dette publique + impôt sur la consommation + + impôt sur le capital + impôt sur le revenu + + politique fiscale + + prix agricole + + prix de marché + prix de transport + + politique des prix + + concentration économique + structure de l'entreprise + + risque chimique + + gestion financière + gestion comptable + politique de l'entreprise + + restriction à la concurrence + + droit privé international + droit international public + droit international économique + + responsabilité pénale + marché public + substance chimique + + @@ -4877,75 +17125,99 @@ réglementation douanière + + droit de la famille + réglementation de la circulation + + réglementation de la production agricole + droit pénitentiaire + location immobilière + + + droit de l'informatique + + droit de la concurrence + pratique commerciale restrictive + + traité CE + loi sur les produits chimiques + + réglementation du transport + + ordre juridique communautaire + acte communautaire + décision juridique + procédure judiciaire + @@ -4957,18 +17229,22 @@ accès à la justice + société (organisme) + profession judiciaire + système judiciaire + @@ -4976,6 +17252,7 @@ organisation administrative + @@ -4989,6 +17266,8 @@ procédure législative + + @@ -4998,6 +17277,7 @@ technique de gestion + @@ -5006,6 +17286,7 @@ structure institutionnelle + @@ -5020,47 +17301,61 @@ vie institutionnelle + politique commerciale commune + politique tarifaire commune + politique de la recherche + politique de la construction + politique de la communication + politique de production + + produits chimiques dans l'environnement + + politique de l'espace + région économique + + politique d'aide + @@ -5071,23 +17366,30 @@ aide humanitaire + conflit international + maintien de la paix + mesure de lutte contre la pollution + + + niveau d'études + @@ -5105,27 +17407,35 @@ enseignement général + travail scolaire + vie scolaire + matériel d'enseignement + + système documentaire + moyen de communication + + @@ -5134,10 +17444,13 @@ système de communication + + système informatique + @@ -5145,29 +17458,40 @@ analyse sociale + + sciences du comportement + + profession de la santé + + essai de produits chimiques + procréacion artificielle + santé animale + + + @@ -5175,76 +17499,107 @@ victime de guerre + + migration intérieure + répartition géographique de la population + + composition de la population + droits de l'individu + + structure chimique + droits économiques + + + tendance d'opinion + idéologie politique + situation de famille + groupe socio-culturel + structure de l'emploi + + statut professionnel + résiliation de contrat de travail + population active agricole + + + congé social + main-d'oeuvre + + traitement chimique + + + + + @@ -5254,24 +17609,35 @@ traitement chimique des déchets + + déchet chimique + + + arme chimique + + + chimisorption + chimie + + @@ -5285,119 +17651,168 @@ photographie aérienne + enfant + + cheminée + + campement + berge + + + débardage + redevance + charte + + + déjection animale + + + hauteur de cheminée + + + + allocation + maintenance + atelier de peinture + + marais salant + + sentier de randonnée + + + déversoir + + + bouture + écobilan + + oxyde d'azote + + + four de cuisine + + chiroptère + bovins + chlorure + hydrocarbure chloré + approbation + chloration + + nettoyage + @@ -5405,136 +17820,190 @@ chlore + centre ville + + chloroéthylène + porte d'écluse + + + chlorofluorocarbure + + + effet du bruit + + + + interdiction des C.F.C. et haloalcalines + + hydrocarbures chlorofluorés + + + chlorophénol + chlorophylle + + arbre à feuilles caduques + + forêt mixte + + chlorose + + sanction pénale + conifère + + analyse chromatographique + + chromatographie + + chrome + chrysophycées + hébergement d'urgence + + + tri sélectif à la source + église + + + gestion du littoral + immeuble ministériel + photographie aérienne + conscience civique + marais + processus législatif + + + ville + + @@ -5542,52 +18011,75 @@ centre ville + + emballage consigné + dispersion des effluents gazeux + + produit intermédiaire + + substance mutagène + + + décharge municipale + + aérobiose + + + navigation aérienne civile + substance teratogène + + génie civil + + protection civile + + droit civil + @@ -5595,72 +18087,98 @@ réseau de chauffage urbain + demande de remboursement + loi sur les recours collectifs + classification + argile + accise + diptères + bois de conifères + + nettoyage + + + + service de nettoiement + produit de nettoyage + métro + marché public + processus aérobie + + + technologie propre + + + + + organisme génétiquement modifié + @@ -5668,14 +18186,18 @@ croisière de plaisance + + composé tensio-actif + climat + @@ -5693,10 +18215,15 @@ valeur pH + effet climatique + + + + @@ -5706,31 +18233,41 @@ industrie manufacturière + restes d'animaux + + protection du climat + + charte nautique + ressource climatique + + politique de protection de la nature + type de climat + @@ -5743,11 +18280,15 @@ altération climatique + + changement climatique + + @@ -5762,16 +18303,20 @@ hygiène environnementale + test climatique + + facteur climatique + @@ -5779,6 +18324,9 @@ zone climatique + + + @@ -5786,6 +18334,8 @@ climatologie + + @@ -5793,28 +18343,37 @@ aérobiologie + + climax + + plante grimpante (mur) + symptôme clinique + instruments de fiscalité "verte" + activité minière + + @@ -5831,95 +18390,123 @@ clonage + Mer noire + mer caspienne + Mer méditerranée + connaissances indigènes + + syndicat professionnel + + sujet + polluant organique persistant + mobilisation de sédiments + + destruction de l'habitat + + + activité terrestre + altération physique + + appréciation sectorielle + infrastructure de l'information + informations géoréférencées + + centre de données + fournisseur de services internet + fermeture + réseau électronique d'information + réseau grande distance + internet + @@ -5932,90 +18519,113 @@ Web + page d'accueil + hypertexte + tableau électronique d'affichage et d'information + forum + courrier électronique + technologie multimédia + fermeture d'une entreprise + présentation audio-visuelle + cahier de documentation + pièce d'exposition + lettre d'informations + programme radio + programme télévisé + relation publique + système de renseignements bibliographiques + information bibliographique + système d'informations de référence + information d'orientation + système d'informations statistiques + informations statistiques + service de bibliothèque + + @@ -6026,53 +18636,65 @@ service de référence + indexation de la documentation + prêt de document + prêt inter-bibliothèques + diffusion sélective de l'information + habillement + service de recherche sur CD-ROM + service de recherche sur Internet + bourse d'informations + système d'aide à la décision + développement logiciel + échange d'informations + @@ -6081,38 +18703,49 @@ base de données relationnelle + scanner à spectres multiples + résolution (paramètres) + industrie de l'habillement + + pixel + bande spectrale + identification du lieu (SIG) + système numérique de traitement d'images + technique de traitement numérique des images + + @@ -6121,88 +18754,113 @@ reconnaissance de formes + + mosaïque + filtrage d'image + amélioration de l'image + correction géométrique + nuage + enregistrement d'images + classification d'image + classification contrôlée d'images + classification d'images non-contrôlée + composition de couleurs + correction atmosphérique + système numérique SIG + + format électronique de données géo-référencées + vecteur + point + + ligne + + polygone + trame + attribut + technique digitale SIG + @@ -6217,36 +18875,46 @@ interpolation + maillage + trame en vecteur + vecteur en trame + frontière nationale + frontière infranationale + limite administrative + + données géoréférencées + + @@ -6255,138 +18923,193 @@ projection géographique + système de coordonnées + latitude + longitude + centre de télédétection + + laboratoire SIG + service en ligne + décharge souterraine + économie des affaires + + dissuasion + site ancien dangereux + + + espace périurbain + + activité d'extraction off-shore + + + fumier semi-liquide + + + + indutrie des biens électroménagers + + + activité de service + + restauration de l'eau + + fourniture locale de chaleur + + transporteur + + réduction des déchets à la source + + + loi sur l'indépendance naturelle + atteinte à l'environnement + législation régionale + autorité régionale + comparaison internationale + implantation des routes + + + contrôle de la qualité de l'air + + + + initiative du citoyen + zone sous tension (environnementale) + + stockage + + @@ -6398,22 +19121,29 @@ refuge de montagne + recherche spatiale + liste rouge + coagulation + + charbon + + @@ -6422,38 +19152,54 @@ énergie à base de charbon + matériau isolant + + décantation + + + + + + centrale à charbon + + + + + + + @@ -6461,6 +19207,9 @@ + adaptation au changement climatique + processus d'adaptation à la vie dans des conditions de changement climatique + @@ -6468,23 +19217,34 @@ + + + + + + + + biomasse aérienne + toute biomasse vivante au-dessus du sol, y compris les tiges, les souches, les +branches, l’écorce, les graines et le feuillage + @@ -6495,12 +19255,14 @@ + + @@ -6508,6 +19270,8 @@ + + @@ -6515,6 +19279,8 @@ + + @@ -6522,17 +19288,27 @@ + + production de bioénergie fondée sur l'agriculture + oléagineux transformés en biocarburants + + + additif agronomique pour engrais + toute substance ajoutée à un engrais, un amendement du sol ou un milieu de culture pour renforcer l'efficacité agronomique du produit final, ou pour modifier le devenir dans l'environnement des nutriments libérés par les engrais + + + @@ -6542,6 +19318,10 @@ + guide des inventaires des émissions de polluants atmosphériques + guide commun EMEP/AEE à l'appui de la communication des données relatives aux émissions, au titre de la Convention sur la pollution atmosphérique transfrontière à longue distance (CPATLD) et de la directive de l'UE sur les plafonds d'émission nationaux, fournissant des orientations d'experts sur la façon de dresser un inventaire des émissions atmosphériques + + @@ -6551,9 +19331,15 @@ gazéification du charbon + + + + directives sur la qualité de l'air + directives qui définissent la base législative de l'évaluation et de la gestion de la qualité de l'air dans les États membres + @@ -6565,12 +19351,19 @@ + + + + + + + @@ -6578,36 +19371,59 @@ + + + + + + + gestion des déchets animaux + traitement, stockage et utilisation appropriés des déchets résultant des opérations de confinement d'animaux, y compris les moyens de collecter, de gratter ou de laver les déchets présents dans les zones de confinement pour les stocker dans des structures appropriées + + + + + + + + + + + liquéfaction du charbon + + + + @@ -6615,28 +19431,43 @@ + sols artificialisés + total des zones bâties et des zones artificialisées non bâties + + + + + + + + mer de Barents + zone située entre la Nouvelle-Zemble, à l'est, et la ligne Norvège-Île aux Ours-Sud Spitzberg à l'ouest + + directive sur les eaux de baignade + règles fixées par l'Union européenne (UE) pour la surveillance, l'évaluation et la gestion de la qualité des eaux de baignade ainsi que la fourniture d'informations sur la qualité de ces eaux afin de réduire et prévenir la pollution des eaux de baignade et d'informer les Européens sur leur degré de pollution + @@ -6648,13 +19479,20 @@ + législation sur les eaux de baignade + législation européenne visant à sauvegarder la santé publique et à protéger de la pollution le milieu aquatique aussi bien en zones côtières que fluviale + + + biomasse souterraine + toute biomasse de racines vivantes + @@ -6669,22 +19507,34 @@ extraction de charbon + + + + croissance de la biomasse souterraine + croissance de la biomasse souterraine, y compris les racines grossières et le collet de la racine + + + + + + + @@ -6694,6 +19544,8 @@ + + @@ -6702,6 +19554,8 @@ + + @@ -6711,6 +19565,8 @@ + + @@ -6718,44 +19574,63 @@ + + + + + + + + + croissance bleue + stratégie à long terme visant à soutenir la croissance durable dans le secteur maritime dans son ensemble + + + + + + + + + @@ -6768,49 +19643,69 @@ + + raffinage de la houille + + + + + + + stock de carbone + quantité de carbone dans un «bassin», à savoir un réservoir ou un système pouvant accumuler ou libérer le carbone + + + capacité de charge + quantité maximale de produits et services biologiques que l'environnement naturel peut fournir sans que les ressources renouvelables ne soient utilisées à un rythme supérieur à leur rythme de regénération et en garantissant la viabilité des systèmes écologiques + + + déchets chimiques commerciaux + déchets résultant de tout commerce ou entreprise, de toute activité industrielle ou commerciale + + @@ -6820,6 +19715,10 @@ + effets du changement climatique + conséquences du changement climatique sur les systèmes naturels et humains + + @@ -6829,6 +19728,9 @@ + politique en matière de changement climatique + actions prises par les gouvernements ou des entités privées pour diminuer les émissions anthropiques de gaz à effet de serre (GES), ou pour s'adapter au changement climatique + @@ -6838,6 +19740,8 @@ + + @@ -6847,47 +19751,72 @@ + zone climatique + chacune des huit zones principales de la Terre, délimitées de manière approximative par les lignes de latitude, qui se distingue par son climat + bruit aérodynamique + + + + + + + consommation collaborative + moyens permettant aux consommateurs d'obtenir des produits ou des services de manière plus efficace et en utilisant au mieux les ressources, qui impliquent un changement fondamental dans la réponse à la demande des consommateurs, y compris le fait de passer de décisions individuelles à une demande organisée ou collective + + + + déchets de construction + matériaux minéraux provenant de travaux de démolition, d’assainissement ou de transformation d’ouvrages ou d’éléments de construction + + + + + + + gestion des terres cultivées + toute activité résultant d'un ensemble de pratiques applicables sur des terres où l'on pratique l'agriculture et sur des terres qui font l'objet d'un gel ou qui ne sont temporairement pas utilisées pour la production de cultures + @@ -6895,32 +19824,48 @@ technologie du charbon + + + + + + + + + + + + + + politique de développement + politique de l'Union européenne qui a pour principal objectif l'éradication de la pauvreté dans le contexte du développement durable, notamment la réalisation des OMD, ainsi que la promotion de la démocratie, de la bonne gouvernance et du respect des droits de l'homme + @@ -6929,23 +19874,31 @@ + + risque de catastrophe + convergence d'aléas et des conditions de vulnérabilité des personnes y étant exposées + + + côte + + @@ -6955,27 +19908,50 @@ + consommation intérieure de matières + quantité totale de matières directement utilisées dans l'économie, diminuée des matières exportées + + + + + + + + + + + + observation de la Terre + collecte d'informations à propos des systèmes physiques, chimiques et biologiques de la planète Terre au moyen de technologies de télédétection, généralement des satellites munis de dispositifs de prise de vues + + + + + capacité écologique + capacité des écosystèmes à produire des ressources biologiques utilisées par les individus ainsi qu'à absorber les déchets générés par l'activité humaine, dans le cadre des programmes de gestion actuels et des techniques d'extraction existantes + + @@ -6989,15 +19965,24 @@ + civilisation écologique + trouver le juste équilibre entre le développement économique et la protection de la nature + + + + + empreinte écologique + surface de terre productive et d'écosystèmes aquatiques nécessaires à la production des ressources utilisées et à l'assimilation des déchets produits par la population, quel que soit l'endroit sur la planète où se situent ces terres et écosystèmes + @@ -7006,6 +19991,11 @@ + résilience écologique + capacité d'un système écologique ou socio-écologique et de ses composantes à anticiper, réduire, s'adapter à ou surmonter les effets d'un évènement ou d'une tendance présentant un danger de façon rapide et efficace + + + @@ -7021,6 +20011,8 @@ zone côtière + + @@ -7029,6 +20021,9 @@ + + + @@ -7039,6 +20034,7 @@ + @@ -7047,32 +20043,55 @@ + + + + + + + + + + + + interactions des écosystèmes + échange de matière, d'énergie et d'informations au sein des écosystèmes et entre ceux-ci + + + + + + + + + + @@ -7080,10 +20099,16 @@ + services écosystémiques + bienfaits que les hommes obtiennent des écosystèmes et qui contribuent au bien-être humain + + + + @@ -7091,41 +20116,61 @@ + vulnérabilité des écosystèmes + exposition à des imprévus et à du stress, et difficulté à y faire face + + + + + + + évaluation de l'efficacité + comparaison des effets d'une mesure, de ses résultats et/ou de son incidence avec ses objectifs explicites + + + + + quota d'émission + autorisation d'émettre une tonne de dioxyde de carbone, ou de tout autre gaz à effet de serre présentant un potentiel de réchauffement planétaire équivalent, au cours d'une période spécifiée + + + + @@ -7138,6 +20183,14 @@ + quantités d'émissions + engagements chiffrés de limitation ou de réduction des +émissions, expri- +més en tonnes équivalent dioxyde de carbone, afin d'établir les quantités d'émissions attri- +buées respectivement à la Communauté européenne et +à ses États membres conformément à l'article 4 du proto- +cole de Kyoto + @@ -7148,6 +20201,9 @@ + système d'échange de quotas d'émission + instrument politique clé destiné à veiller à ce que les pays européens et les pays tiers atteignent leurs objectifs de réduction des gaz à effet de serre à moindre coût, en modifiant les systèmes de tarification, ce qui est essentiel pour déclencher le processus de transformation vers une économie verte utilisant efficacement les ressources, le système d'échange de quotas d'émission de l'Union européenne (SEQE-UE) constituant le pilier du futur marché mondial du carbone + @@ -7158,21 +20214,33 @@ développement du littoral + + + + + programme d'action pour l'environnement + programme qui définit le cadre de l'action de l'Union européenne dans le domaine de l'environnement + + + + + + @@ -7181,10 +20249,13 @@ + + + @@ -7196,6 +20267,11 @@ + empreinte environnementale + impact environnemental d'un produit, d'un service et/ou d'une entreprise tout au long de son cycle de vie + + + @@ -7204,6 +20280,9 @@ + gouvernance environnementale + règles, processus et comportements qui affectent l'exercice du pouvoir au niveau européen dans le domaine des politiques environnementales, en particulier en ce qui concerne l'ouverture, la participation, la responsabilité, l'efficacité et la cohérence + @@ -7216,6 +20295,7 @@ + @@ -7227,6 +20307,8 @@ + + @@ -7236,14 +20318,21 @@ écosystème côtier + + + + + règlements environnementaux + lois destinées à réduire les dommages causés par l'activité humaine aux écosystèmes, aux ressources ou, de manière plus générale, à l'humanité + @@ -7254,9 +20343,15 @@ + espace environnemental + quantité d'énergie, d'eau, de terres, de matières premières non renouvelables et de bois utilisés de manière durable + + + + @@ -7264,6 +20359,9 @@ + système d'échange de quotas d'émission de l'Union européenne + plus important système de plafonnement et d'échange dans le monde et principal instrument de mise en conformité avec les objectifs de Kyoto dans l'UE, lancé en janvier 2015 + @@ -7272,11 +20370,19 @@ + réseau européen d'information et d'observation pour l'environnement + réseau de partenariat de l'Agence européenne pour l'environnement (AEE) et de ses pays membres et coopérants qui vise à fournir des données, des informations et une expertise de qualité et en temps opportun pour évaluer l'état de l'environnement en Europe et les pressions subies par celui-ci en permettant aux décideurs politiques d'adopter des mesures appropriées pour la protection de l'environnement au niveau national et européen et d'évaluer l'efficacité des politiques et des mesures mises en place + + + conservation ex situ + conservation d'éléments de la diversité biologique en dehors de leur milieu naturel + + @@ -7285,11 +20391,18 @@ + + + consommation d'engrais + total d'azote (N), de phosphate (P2O5) et de potasse (K2O) utilisé dans l'agriculture + + + @@ -7300,16 +20413,23 @@ + + environnement côtier + + + + + @@ -7317,6 +20437,10 @@ + risque d'inondation + combinaison de la probabilité d'inondation et des caractéristiques d'exposition correspondantes telles que la hauteur d'eau, la vitesse du courant, la durée, la vitesse de montée des eaux, la fréquence et la qualité des eaux + + @@ -7326,6 +20450,10 @@ + prévention des inondations + prévention de dommages causés par les inondations en évitant la construction de maisons et d'industries dans des zones actuelles et futures qui sont sensibles aux inondations ainsi qu'en adaptant les développements futurs aux risques d'inondation et en promouvant une utilisation des sols appropriée et des pratiques agricoles et forestières + + @@ -7334,6 +20462,9 @@ + gestion des risques d'inondation + analyse sociétale, évaluation et réduction continue et globale des risques d'inondation + @@ -7341,6 +20472,9 @@ + déchets alimentaires + déchets composés d'aliments crus ou cuits, dont des aliments jetés avant, pendant ou après la préparation dans le cadre de la fabrication, de la distribution, de la vente au détail ou des activités de restauration, et qui comprennent des éléments tels qu' épluchures de légumes, des abats de boucherie, des ingrédients avariés ou en excédent ou des aliments préparés + @@ -7353,6 +20487,9 @@ + biodiversité forestière + toutes les formes de vie trouvées dans les zones forestières et leur rôle dans la nature + @@ -7361,6 +20498,9 @@ + terre boisée + Terre sous-cultivé ou peuplée d'arbres non cultivés de plus de 0,5 hectares dont le couvert est de plus de 10 pour cent et sur lequel les arbres peuvent grandir jusqu'à une hauteur de 5 mètres ou plus à maturité + @@ -7372,6 +20512,11 @@ + consommation de combustibles fossiles + consommation totale de pétrole, de charbon et de gaz naturel + + + @@ -7379,6 +20524,9 @@ + + + @@ -7386,6 +20534,8 @@ + + @@ -7394,24 +20544,35 @@ + + + aliment fonctionnel + aliments ingérés dans le cadre de l'alimentation normale et possédant des bienfaits allant au-delà des effets nutritionnels traditionnels + + + + + + + @@ -7427,6 +20588,7 @@ + @@ -7442,6 +20604,7 @@ + @@ -7449,12 +20612,14 @@ + + @@ -7464,6 +20629,8 @@ + + @@ -7476,14 +20643,25 @@ érosion côtière + + + + + + + + + économie verte + économie dans laquelle les politiques et les innovations permettent à la société d'utiliser les ressources de manière efficace, ce qui contribue à renforcer le bien-être humain d'une manière globale tout en préservant les systèmes naturels qui pourvoient à notre subsistance + @@ -7493,6 +20671,18 @@ + émissions de gaz à effet de serre + émissions couvertes par le protocole de Kyoto comprenant les émissions de de dioxyde de carbone (CO2), de méthane (CH4), de protoxyde d'azote (N2O) et de trois gaz fluorés: les hydrocarbures fluorés (HFC), les perfluorocarbures (PFC) et l'hexafluorure de soufre (SF6) + + + + + + + + + + @@ -7511,6 +20701,8 @@ + + @@ -7520,6 +20712,10 @@ + biomasse aérienne + toute biomasse vivante au-dessus du sol, y compris les tiges, les souches, les +branches, l’écorce, les graines et le feuillage + @@ -7531,13 +20727,21 @@ + + + + + + directive «Habitats» + directive 92/43/CEE du Conseil du 21 mai 1992 concernant la conservation des habitats naturels ainsi que de la faune et de la flore sauvages, qui garantit la conservation d'un large éventail d'espécèces animales et végétales rares, menacées ou endémiques, ainsi que des habitats caractéristiques pour une conservation à part entière + @@ -7550,6 +20754,7 @@ + @@ -7560,15 +20765,23 @@ + stress thermique + conditions dans lesquelles la rentabilité ou la survie des cultures est compromise par des périodes d'exposition à des températures élevées + pêche côtière + + fiouls lourds + tout combustible liquide dérivé du pétrole, à l'exclusion des combustibles marins + + @@ -7578,19 +20791,34 @@ + + + + + + + calotte glaciaire + glacier en forme de dôme à écoulement radial, couvrant généralement une région montagneuse + + + fonte des glaces + ensemble de processus interdépendants, notamment la circulation océanique, la température, les conditions météorologiques et l'albédo de la Terre, qui contribuent à la réduction de la banquise ou des glaces terrestres + + + @@ -7600,12 +20828,22 @@ + inlandsis + couche de glace permanante couvrant une très vaste étendue de terres, en particulier une région polaire + + + + équilibre de masse des calottes + vitesse de la fonte des glaces et plus important indicateur de l'évolution des calottes glaciaires + + + @@ -7613,6 +20851,9 @@ + + + @@ -7623,12 +20864,25 @@ + + + + + + + + + + + + + @@ -7636,6 +20890,8 @@ + + @@ -7645,6 +20901,8 @@ + + @@ -7653,13 +20911,22 @@ + + + + + dégradation des sols + diminution de la capacité actuelle et/ou future des sols à produire des produits et des services qui peut être limitée, inversée ou évitée grâce à une gestion des terres appropriée + + + @@ -7669,6 +20936,9 @@ + directive concernant la mise en décharge + directive qui définit les différentes catégories de déchets (déchets municipaux, déchets non dangereux et déchets inertes) et s'applique à toutes les décharges. Son objectif est de prévenir ou de réduire les effets négatifs sur l'environnement, et notamment la pollution des eaux de surface, des eaux souterraines, du sol et de l'air, et sur la santé humaine en introduisant des exigences techniques strictes applicables aux déchets et aux décharges + @@ -7681,6 +20951,7 @@ + @@ -7691,6 +20962,9 @@ + + + @@ -7702,6 +20976,8 @@ + + @@ -7715,15 +20991,20 @@ + + + + + @@ -7731,6 +21012,8 @@ + + @@ -7739,6 +21022,8 @@ + + @@ -7748,6 +21033,10 @@ + combustible marin + tout combustible destiné à être utilisé par un bateau ou un navire + + @@ -7757,6 +21046,10 @@ + + + + @@ -7765,6 +21058,8 @@ + + @@ -7774,6 +21069,9 @@ + directive-cadre «stratégie pour le milieu marin» + directive de l'UE visant à contribuer à la cohérence entre les différentes politiques, accords et mesures législatives qui ont une incidence sur le milieu marin, et vise à assurer l’intégration des préoccupations environnementales dans ces domaines + @@ -7786,6 +21084,7 @@ + @@ -7796,16 +21095,28 @@ pollution du littoral + + + + + + + + + + + + @@ -7813,6 +21124,10 @@ + production des déchets municipaux + déchets collectés par ou pour les municipalités, provenant principalement des ménages, bien que les déchets provenant du commerce, des immeubles de bureaux, des institutions et des petites entreprises soient également inclus + + @@ -7820,34 +21135,51 @@ + eaux urbaines résiduaires + eaux usées collectées par ou pour les municipalités, provenant principalement des ménages + + + + + + + + + + + + + directive nitrates + directive imposant les quantités maximales d'azote pouvant être apportées au sol sous la forme de fumier afin de juguler la pollution par les nitrates + @@ -7858,6 +21190,8 @@ + + @@ -7865,15 +21199,20 @@ + + + + + @@ -7895,25 +21234,38 @@ + + + + + + + + + + + + + @@ -7925,9 +21277,18 @@ + amendement organique pour sols + substance contenant des matières carbonées dont la fonction est d'augmenter la teneur en matière organique du sol + + + + + + + @@ -7936,10 +21297,27 @@ + méthode de l’empreinte environnementale d'organisation + méthode générale pour mesurer et indiquer l’impact environnemental potentiel d’une organisation tout au long de son cycle de vie + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + @@ -7951,29 +21329,45 @@ + + + + appauvrissement de la couche d’ozone + baisse régulière de la concentration d'ozone dans la stratosphère et diminution de l'ozone stratosphérique dans les régions polaires + + + + + + + déchets de parc + déchets verts biodégradables provenant de parcs, de jardins, y compris l'eau et le bois (lignocellulose, tontes de gazons, débroussaillages et coupes d'arbres, feuilles, fleurs) + + + @@ -7981,14 +21375,21 @@ eaux côtières + + biostimulant des végétaux + matière qui contient des substances et/ou micro-organismes dont la fonction, lorsqu'elle est appliquée sur les végétaux ou la rhizosphère, est de stimuler les processus pour améliorer l'absorption des éléments nutritifs, l'efficacité des éléments nutritifs, la tolérance au stress abiotique et/ou la qualité des cultures, indépendamment de sa teneur en éléments nutritifs + + + + @@ -7997,17 +21398,24 @@ + cadre d'action + éléments et objectifs à long terme convenus et mis en œuvre en coopération avec les acteurs concernés, établis dans un document politique unique ou un ensemble de documents politiques liés + + mise en œuvre des politiques + processus par lequel des programmes sont réalisés, en mettant les plans en pratique + + @@ -8017,10 +21425,14 @@ + + énergie primaire + énergie contenue dans des combustibles fossiles et des sources d'énergie renouvelables n'ayant subi aucun processus de conversion ou de transformation + @@ -8032,6 +21444,10 @@ + + + + @@ -8039,24 +21455,47 @@ + méthode de l'empreinte environnementale de produit + méthode générale pour mesurer et indiquer l’impact environnemental potentiel d’un produit tout au long de son cycle de vie + + + + + + + + + + + prosumérisme + type de consommation collaborative qui réduit la distinction entre producteur et consommateur + + + + aménagement de la zone littorale + + + + + @@ -8072,6 +21511,9 @@ + directive sur les sources d'énergie renouvelables + législation établissant une politique globale pour la production et la promotion d'énergie provenant de sources renouvelables dans l'UE. Elle exige des États membres qu'ils soumettent des plans d’action nationaux en matière d’énergies renouvelables accompagnés de feuilles de route détaillées quant à la façon dont chaque État membre compte atteindre son objectif 2020 juridiquement contraignant pour la part d'énergie renouvelable dans leur consommation finale d'énergie + @@ -8081,12 +21523,16 @@ + + + + @@ -8096,22 +21542,37 @@ + + + + + + productivité des ressources + rapport entre le produit intérieur brut (PIB) et la consommation intérieure de matières (DMC) + + + + + + + + @@ -8119,15 +21580,22 @@ + + + + garde-côtière + + + @@ -8139,6 +21607,11 @@ + bassin hydrographique + zone dans laquelle toutes les eaux de ruissellement convergent à travers un réseau de rivières, fleuves et éventuellement de lacs vers la mer, dans laquelle elles se déversent par une seule embouchure, estuaire ou delta + + + @@ -8146,6 +21619,12 @@ + + + + + + @@ -8153,75 +21632,109 @@ + bruit routier + bruit dans l'environnement généré par des véhicules utilisant des routes et autoroutes, causé par le roulage et la propulsion + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + @@ -8234,6 +21747,8 @@ + + @@ -8241,12 +21756,15 @@ + + + @@ -8256,53 +21774,84 @@ revêtement + + + + + + + + + objectifs de développement durable + objectifs intégrés et indivisibles, définis par le programme de développement durable de l’ONU pour 2030, qui sont mondiaux par nature et universellement applicables, compte tenu des différences entre les réalités, les capacités et les niveaux de développement au niveau national et dans le respect des politiques et des priorités nationales + + + + gestion durable des forêts + gestion et utilisation des forêts et des terrains boisés d'une manière et à une intensité telles qu'elles maintiennent leur diversité biologique, leur productivité, leur capacité de régénération, leur vitalité et leur capacité à satisfaire, actuellement et dans le futur, les fonctions écologiques, économiques et sociales pertinentes, aux niveaux local, national et mondial, sans causer de préjudice à d'autres écosystèmes + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + @@ -8310,19 +21859,30 @@ + + + + + + + + eaux de transition + eaux situées entre la terre et la mer, notamment les fjords, estuaires, lagons, deltas et rias + + @@ -8331,16 +21891,24 @@ + + + + + + + + @@ -8348,10 +21916,15 @@ + + + + + @@ -8361,10 +21934,12 @@ cobalt + + @@ -8378,6 +21953,9 @@ + + + @@ -8385,16 +21963,25 @@ + + + + + + + + + @@ -8402,6 +21989,9 @@ + + + @@ -8410,11 +22000,16 @@ + + + + + @@ -8424,6 +22019,10 @@ + + + + @@ -8432,6 +22031,8 @@ + + @@ -8442,9 +22043,13 @@ cafards + + directive-cadre sur l'eau + directive 2000/60/CE établissant un cadre pour une politique communautaire dans le domaine de l'eau + @@ -8458,24 +22063,39 @@ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + @@ -8487,6 +22107,8 @@ + + @@ -8494,12 +22116,16 @@ + + + + @@ -8508,6 +22134,7 @@ + @@ -8517,12 +22144,14 @@ + + @@ -8530,29 +22159,93 @@ + + déchets ménagers + déchets provenant des habitations et éliminés par l'intermédiaire de la collecte mixte normale des déchets ménagers + + + + + fumée domestique + pollution de l'air qui contient de nombreux polluants nocifs pour la santé, tels que des particules fines et du monoxyde de carbone (CO), et des niveaux de particules polluantes qui peuvent être beaucoup plus élevés que les valeurs de référence communément acceptées pour les espaces intérieurs + + + + + directive INSPIRE + directive établissant une infrastructure d'information géographique en Europe afin de soutenir les politiques environnementales communautaires ainsi que les politiques ou activités pouvant avoir une incidence sur l'environnement + + + + + déchets mis en décharge + déchets placés sur le sol ou enfouis dans le sol + + + + + + flux de déchets mis en décharge + déchets mis en décharge, caractérisés selon le catalogue européen des déchets, et qui s'ajoutent à l'inventaire des décharges déjà en place, couvrant les sources commerciales, industrielles et ménagères, à l'exclusion des fractions déjà récupérées à des fins de réutilisation, de recyclage ou d'incinération + + + + + eaux usées organiques + eaux usées organiques biodégradables contenant des polluants, tels que les eaux d'égout, les eaux industrielles usées, etc. + + + + + + efficacité des politiques + utilisation de certains instruments politiques, de façon à améliorer les chances d'atteindre l'objectif politique défini + + + + + évolution de la température + évolution de la température moyenne mondiale pouvant entraîner un changement climatique + + + + + désulfuration des gaz de combustion + technique de réduction en fin de cycle adaptée aux grandes installations de combustion telles que les centrales électriques + + + + demande chimique en oxygène + + + code de mise en pratique + code + coelentérés + cogénération + @@ -8560,45 +22253,65 @@ co-incinération + + + coke + + froid + + écosystème de zone froide + + colibacilles + + colloïde + + + + état colloïdal + colonisation + aérosol + + + @@ -8606,36 +22319,53 @@ colorimétrie + + + couleur + effet de combinaison + + + + centrale mixte + + + eaux usées issues d'un réseau d'assainissement unitaire + combustibilité + + moteur à combustion + + + @@ -8644,12 +22374,16 @@ gaz de combustion + résidu de combustion + + + @@ -8657,10 +22391,13 @@ commercialisation + + droit commercial + @@ -8669,35 +22406,50 @@ bruit des activités commerciales + trafic commercial + + + + + véhicule commercial + déchets issus de l'activité commerciale (déchets banals) + + politique agricole commune + + + règle générale + communication + + @@ -8707,11 +22459,13 @@ communauté écologique + droit communautaire + @@ -8719,66 +22473,92 @@ participation communautaire + principe de paiement communautaire + + migration pendulaire + + + déplacement journalier domicile-travail + + compactage + + + politique d'entreprise + + esthétique + + droit comparé + test comparatif + comparaison + + compensation + mesure compensatoire + taxe compensatoire + + + compétition (biologique) + concurrence + @@ -8786,28 +22566,38 @@ compétitivité + complexation + agent complexant + + pollution composite + compost + + + déchet fermentescible + + @@ -8818,33 +22608,45 @@ compostage + + compostage par le producteur + + compression + + compresseur + + usage obligatoire + Communautés européennes + boisement + + @@ -8852,6 +22654,7 @@ concentration (valeur) + @@ -8864,50 +22667,73 @@ concentration (procédé) + + + béton + + industrie du béton + + + condensation + + + conductivité + + usage incompatible + + conflit d'objectifs + conflit d'intérêts + congrès + conifère + + forêt de conifères + + Afrique + @@ -8917,44 +22743,66 @@ conservation + + préservation des réserves en eau douce + + préservation des ressources génétiques + + + conservation des monuments + + + post-combustion + + + droit constitutionnel + engin de chantier + + bruit de construction + + construction d'installations + + technologie du bâtiment + + @@ -8963,15 +22811,23 @@ âge + + + construction avec des matériaux recyclés + + + travaux de construction + + @@ -8982,40 +22838,55 @@ consultation + comportement des consommateurs + + bien de consommation + + groupement de consommateurs + + information des consommateurs + + + protection des consommateurs + déchets assimilés aux ordures ménagères + + consommation + + @@ -9023,6 +22894,8 @@ mode de consommation + + @@ -9038,6 +22911,8 @@ conteneur + + @@ -9047,14 +22922,18 @@ dôme de confinement + sol contaminé + + contamination + @@ -9064,19 +22943,23 @@ plate-forme continentale + charge continue + cultures selon les courbes de niveau + contrat + @@ -9084,34 +22967,46 @@ entreprise de nettoyage + brûlage contrôlé + zone de chasse contrôlée + + + + autorité de contrôle + mesure de contrôle + + conurbation + + convention + @@ -9121,6 +23016,7 @@ énergie conventionnelle + @@ -9130,116 +23026,155 @@ refroidissement + huile de refroidissement + tour de refroidissement + + + + eau de refroidissement + + + coopération + principe de coopération + coordination + cuivre + taillis + + corail + récif corallien + + chordés + fusion du coeur + + liège + + corridor urbain + corrosion + produit anti-corrosion + + industrie cosmétique + + + rayonnement cosmique + + relation coûts-bénéfices + analyse coûts-bénéfices + contrat + augmentation des coûts + base de couverture des coûts + réduction des coûts + coût + @@ -9253,49 +23188,65 @@ coût de la pollution + + économie nationale + coton + + accord + département (UK) + Cour de justice + couverture + biotechnologie agro-alimentaire + + + artisanat + assistance en matière de crédit + bâtiment agricole + + @@ -9303,11 +23254,13 @@ criminalité + droit pénal + @@ -9316,19 +23269,27 @@ niveau critique + + + charge critique + + + crocodile + protection des cultures + @@ -9337,38 +23298,55 @@ rotation des cultures + résidus de cultures + + passage + + + endroit de passage aménagé pour les animaux + + + + pétrole brut + + croisière + + + crustacé + cryptogame + @@ -9379,19 +23357,25 @@ cristallisation + + cristallographie + plante cultivée + + culture + @@ -9408,20 +23392,27 @@ méthode culturale + développement culturel + écologie agricole + + équipement culturel + + + @@ -9443,6 +23434,7 @@ patrimoine culturel + @@ -9456,14 +23448,17 @@ indicateur culturel + politique culturelle + culture (aspects sociaux) + @@ -9473,18 +23468,25 @@ programme d'études + us et coutumes + + douane + + economie agricole + + @@ -9492,53 +23494,75 @@ abattage (foresterie) + cyanate + cyanure + effluent agricole + + + cyclone + + cytologie + cytotoxicité + génie agricole + + laiterie + + + industrie laitière + + produit laitier + + barrage + + + @@ -9546,71 +23570,97 @@ dommage + + + dommages dus à des manoeuvres militaires + + prévention des dommages + exportation de produits chimiques dangereux + + + + + matières dangereuses + + équipement agricole + loi sur les matières dangereuses + + réglementation des matières dangereuses + + acquisition des données + + analyse des données + + base de données + support de données + échange de données + traitement des données + @@ -9618,68 +23668,99 @@ protection des données + + + technique d'enregistrement des données + exploitation agricole + datation + descendant + + + DDT + + + niveau de risque acceptable + + + dette + service de la dette + + décantation + + décentralisation + forêt de feuillus + + arbre à feuilles caduques + + + décision + + processus de décision + + + @@ -9688,10 +23769,15 @@ décomposition + décontamination + + + + @@ -9700,46 +23786,62 @@ terre agricole + décret + grand fond marin + gisement minéral dans le fond marin + + décharge en haute mer + + + pêche en haute mer + cerf + + défense + défoliation + + déforestation + + @@ -9747,6 +23849,7 @@ dégradabilité + @@ -9755,11 +23858,15 @@ paysage cultivé + + dégradation + + @@ -9768,6 +23875,7 @@ dégradation des ressources naturelles + @@ -9775,11 +23883,15 @@ produit de dégradation + + dégraissage + + @@ -9787,39 +23899,53 @@ désencrage + + + délinquence + + delta + + demande (offre et demande) + + démocratie + croissance démographique + évolution démographique + législation agricole + + @@ -9828,42 +23954,63 @@ démographie + + entreprise de démolition + + + déchet de démolition + + démontrabilité + + dendrochronologie + machine agricole + dendrométrie + dénitrification + + + + + + dénitrification des effluents gazeux + + + @@ -9871,6 +24018,7 @@ gestion agricole + @@ -9878,10 +24026,16 @@ dépôt de particules fines + rétombée atmosphérique + + + + + @@ -9889,28 +24043,39 @@ dérégulation + dermaptère + déssalement + + + usine de déssalement + + + + agrément + méthodes agricoles + @@ -9936,10 +24101,14 @@ désert + + désertification + + @@ -9947,35 +24116,48 @@ lutte contre la désertification + + criquet pélérin + dessin industriel ou architectural + + étude de bureau + désorption + + + parasites agricoles + + désulfuration + + @@ -9984,6 +24166,11 @@ désulfuration des combustibles + + + + + @@ -9995,14 +24182,18 @@ investigation + + détecteur + planification rurale + @@ -10010,89 +24201,121 @@ détergent + + méthode de détermination + + dissuasif + désintoxication + pays développé + + politique agricole + + dette des pays en développement + pays en développement + + aide au développement + zone de développement + + coopération au développement + modèle de développement + modèle de développement + pollution agricole + + plan de développement + + plan d'aménagement + dialyse + + + + diatomées + dictionnaire + + didactique + @@ -10102,11 +24325,17 @@ moteur diesel + + + + gazole + + @@ -10116,27 +24345,41 @@ différenciation + source de pollution diffuse + + diffusion + + + + boue digérée + + + digesteur + + + production agricole + @@ -10151,22 +24394,31 @@ digestion + + modèle terrestre numérique + + digitalisation + route d'accès + + produit agricole + + @@ -10174,10 +24426,13 @@ acide dilué + + dioxine + @@ -10185,10 +24440,14 @@ inducteur direct + + + directive + @@ -10202,10 +24461,13 @@ personne handicapée + + catastrophe écologique + @@ -10216,42 +24478,55 @@ restauration après catastrophe + plan catastrophe + service de prévention des risques + prévoyance en cas de catastrophe + prévention des catastrophes + secours en cas de catastrophe + + législation en matière d'émission + + + régime d'écoulement + + maladie + @@ -10263,6 +24538,7 @@ étiologie + @@ -10279,95 +24555,144 @@ désinfectant + + désinfection + + + + stockage des produits agricoles + + bulletin d'expédition + dispersion + + calcul de dispersion + + personne déplacée + pompes funèbres + + élimination des matériels de guerre + + + + + dissolution + + + carbone organique dissous + + distillation + + + + industrie de distillation + distorsion de concurrence + distribution + + chauffage urbain + + centrale de chauffage à distance + + + + terrain militaire désaffecté + + + fossé + + + ADN + + document + @@ -10376,6 +24701,7 @@ documentation + @@ -10386,11 +24712,15 @@ centre de documentation + + + type de document + @@ -10413,16 +24743,24 @@ chien + + déchet agricole + + appareil électro-ménager + + + + @@ -10430,26 +24768,35 @@ animal domestique (élevage) + + fioul domestique + + mazout de chauffage + + bruit domestique + + accès à la culture + @@ -10457,10 +24804,14 @@ commerce intérieur + + ordures ménagères + + @@ -10468,21 +24819,31 @@ décharge d'ordures ménagères + + + + eau usée domestique + + + dosage + dose + + @@ -10491,18 +24852,25 @@ relation dose-effet + + + projet d'acte législatif + libellule + drainage + + @@ -10510,6 +24878,7 @@ agriculture + @@ -10530,23 +24899,35 @@ eau de drainage + bête de trait + + matériau dragué + dragage + + + + agriculture et élevage industriel + + + + @@ -10554,23 +24935,33 @@ lies d'huile + pêche aux filets dérivants + forage + + + installation de forage + + + eau potable + + @@ -10578,37 +24969,57 @@ zone de captage d'eau potable + + + + + approvisionnement en eau potable + + + traitement de l'eau potable + + + sécheresse + + plan cadre de l'agriculture + + lutte contre la sécheresse + + toxicomanie + médicament + + @@ -10617,28 +25028,40 @@ nettoyage à sec + + + + retombée sèche + + + aridoculture + séchage + dessèchement + + économie à deux vitesses + @@ -10649,12 +25072,17 @@ gestion commune des déchets banals et spéciaux + + + + décharge non réglementaire + @@ -10666,6 +25094,9 @@ produit agrochimique + + + @@ -10673,74 +25104,111 @@ décharge + + + + dune + + durée de l'ensoleillement + + poussière + + immission de poussière + + + dépoussiérage + obligation d'enregistrement + + + habitation + + + teinture + agro-foresterie + + digue + + + renforcement de digue + + + système d'alerte rapide + accès à la mer + agroindustrie + + + + croûte terrestre + + @@ -10749,10 +25217,12 @@ séisme + sciences de la terre + @@ -10764,6 +25234,7 @@ relations Terre-Soleil + @@ -10771,44 +25242,56 @@ lombric + perce-oreille + agro-météorologie + + Afrique de l'Est + Asie orientale + Europe de l'Est + relations Est-Ouest + commerce Est-Ouest + + Conseil des ministres de la CE + directive de la CE + @@ -10821,21 +25304,32 @@ + directive CE relative aux biocides + + + directive CE relative aux emballages + + + directive CE relative à l'éliminiation des déchets + + directive CE relative à la protection de l'eau + + @@ -10843,32 +25337,42 @@ CE écolabel + + + échinoderme + SIDA + ecodéveloppement + + écolabellisation + population (spécifique) + adaptation écologique + @@ -10878,6 +25382,9 @@ évaluation écologique + + + @@ -10887,21 +25394,25 @@ équilibre écologique + comptabilité écologique + air + facteur écologique + @@ -10913,10 +25424,15 @@ niche écologique + + paramètre écologique + + + @@ -10946,10 +25462,13 @@ zone sensible (écologie) + inventaire écologique + + @@ -10957,10 +25476,13 @@ mouvement écologiste + écologie + + @@ -10970,20 +25492,26 @@ écologie trophique + activité économique + efficience économique-écologique + + analyse économique + + @@ -10998,10 +25526,12 @@ développement économique + croissance économique + @@ -11010,6 +25540,8 @@ instrument économique + + @@ -11017,15 +25549,22 @@ instrument de gestion économique + + + planification économique + + politique économique + + @@ -11035,6 +25574,8 @@ accident + + @@ -11046,10 +25587,14 @@ climatisation + + science économique + + @@ -11062,11 +25607,14 @@ situation économique + + système économique + @@ -11074,11 +25622,14 @@ théorie économique + + conjoncture + @@ -11086,14 +25637,19 @@ viabilité économique + zonage économique + + + économie + @@ -11131,14 +25687,20 @@ écopédiatrie + + écophysiologie + + écosystème + + @@ -11153,6 +25715,8 @@ analyse de l'écosystème + + @@ -11160,6 +25724,9 @@ dégradation de l'écosystème + + + @@ -11170,12 +25737,15 @@ recherche sur les écosystèmes + type d'écosystème + + @@ -11186,33 +25756,48 @@ écotourisme + écotoxicité + + + évaluation écotoxicologique + + + + appareil volant + + + écotoxicologie + écotype + + politique communautaire + @@ -11222,6 +25807,7 @@ règlement de la CE + @@ -11231,23 +25817,34 @@ règlement (CEE) en matière de management environnemental et d'audit + + + règlement (CEE) en matière de substances chimiques existantes + + édaphologie + + + graisse alimentaire + + éducation + @@ -11257,31 +25854,41 @@ émissions des moteurs d'avions + + + établissement d'enseignement + planification de l'enseignement + politique en matière d'éducation + système éducatif + bruit d'aéronefs + + effet + @@ -11300,6 +25907,7 @@ effet sur la santé + @@ -11312,11 +25920,13 @@ effet sur l'homme + effet sur l'environnement + @@ -11327,18 +25937,24 @@ recherche des effets + critère d'efficacité + niveau d'efficacité + + effluent + + @@ -11346,41 +25962,56 @@ oeuf + directive relative à l'EIE (Evaluation de l'impact sur l'environnement) + loi sur l'EIE (Evaluation de l'impact sur l'environnement) + EIE (Evaluation de l'impact sur l'environnement) + + élasticité + personne agée + + génie électrique + + + industrie électrique + + + dispositif de stockage électrique + @@ -11388,32 +26019,43 @@ électricité + compagnie d'électricité + + consommation d'électricité + production d'énergie électrique + coût de la production électrique + + gestion de l'électricité + ligne électrique + + + @@ -11421,11 +26063,15 @@ énergie électrique + centrale électrique + + + @@ -11440,51 +26086,76 @@ approvisionnement en électricité + + véhicule électrique + effets électrocinétiques + + + électrolyse + + + + mouvement planétaire des masses d'air + + + matériel électronique + + électronique + ferraille électronique + + + réglementation sur la ferraille électronique + + pollution électromagnétique + + + polluant atmosphérique + @@ -11503,6 +26174,8 @@ équipement électrotechnique + + @@ -11510,21 +26183,27 @@ industrie électrotechnique + + + élements du groupe 0 + éléments du groupe I (alcalins) + éléments du groupe II (métaux alcalino-terreux) + @@ -11533,6 +26212,7 @@ éléments du groupe III + @@ -11541,6 +26221,7 @@ éléments du groupe IV + @@ -11549,6 +26230,7 @@ éléments du groupe V + @@ -11556,6 +26238,7 @@ éléments du groupe VI + @@ -11563,6 +26246,7 @@ éléments du groupe VII + @@ -11571,6 +26255,7 @@ élément chimique + @@ -11583,6 +26268,8 @@ pollution de l'air + + @@ -11592,16 +26279,19 @@ émancipation + embryon + embryogénèse + @@ -11610,30 +26300,37 @@ Loi sur l'état d'urgence + plan d'urgence + secours d'urgence + mesure de secours d'urgence + abri d'urgence + + émission + @@ -11673,6 +26370,12 @@ contrôle des émissions + + + + + + @@ -11688,6 +26391,10 @@ donnée sur les émissions + + + + @@ -11695,6 +26402,7 @@ facteur d'émission + @@ -11703,6 +26411,11 @@ prévision d'émission + + + + + @@ -11712,11 +26425,19 @@ aéroport + + réduction d'émission + + + + + + @@ -11730,10 +26451,16 @@ mise en réserve de crédits pour la réduction des émissions + + + registre des émissions + + + @@ -11742,14 +26469,21 @@ état des émissions + source d'émission + + + norme de rejet + + + @@ -11759,11 +26493,15 @@ rejet dans l'eau + + emploi + + @@ -11775,36 +26513,52 @@ environnement et emploi + + effet sur le niveau de l'emploi + + émulsification + + émulsion + + encapsulation + + encyclopédie + + espèce animale menacée + + qualité de l'air + + @@ -11814,33 +26568,48 @@ espèce végétale menacée + + espèce menacée + + risque pour les eaux souterraines + + + système endocrinien + + endocrinologie + + technologie "end-of-pipe" + + énergie + + @@ -11852,61 +26621,85 @@ bilan énergetique + économie d'énergie + + consommation d'énergie + conversion de l'énergie + + besoin en énergie + + + + contrôle de la qualité de l'air + + dissipation d'énergie + système de distribution énergétique + + + + économie de l'énergie + + efficacité énergétique + + législation en matière d'énergie + + gestion de l'énergie + @@ -11916,21 +26709,29 @@ marché de l'énergie + + politique énergétique + + processus énergétique + + production d'énergie + + @@ -11947,16 +26748,21 @@ valorisation énergétique + ressource énergétique + + gestion de la qualité de l'air + + @@ -11964,10 +26770,13 @@ économie d'énergie + source d'énergie + + @@ -11979,11 +26788,15 @@ matières brutes énergétiques + + stockage d'énergie + + @@ -11991,6 +26804,8 @@ approvisionnement en énergie + + @@ -11998,12 +26813,15 @@ technologie énergétique + + type d'énergie + @@ -12013,6 +26831,7 @@ utilisation de l'énergie + @@ -12030,15 +26849,21 @@ mode d'utilisation de l'énergie + + application + moteur + + + @@ -12046,60 +26871,85 @@ politique d'élargissement + programme d'élargissement + + uranium enrichi + + + enrichissement + + + approvisionnement alimentaire approprié + accident écologique + + comptabilité de l'environnement + + conseil en matière de protection de l'environnement + sécurité aérienne + inquiétude environnementale + + architecture "durable" + aspects écologiques des établissements humains + + + évaluation environnementale + + + @@ -12122,6 +26972,9 @@ critère d'évaluation environnementale + + + @@ -12134,12 +26987,16 @@ audit d'environnement + + conscience environnementale + + @@ -12152,10 +27009,14 @@ équilibre écologique + + changement écologique + + @@ -12170,27 +27031,41 @@ législation en matière des produits chimiques présents dans l'environnement + + + chimie environnementale + + éco-compatibilité + + conséquence sur l'environnement + + organisation de l'espace aérien + + + sauvegarde de l'environnement + + @@ -12208,10 +27083,13 @@ plan d'intervention en cas de catastrophe + + contrôle de l'environnement + @@ -12221,6 +27099,8 @@ coût environnemental + + @@ -12229,14 +27109,19 @@ crime écologique + droit pénal en matière d'environnement + critères et données de surveillance + + + @@ -12248,15 +27133,23 @@ rejet accidentel d'organismes + + + + culture environnementale + + + atteinte à l'environnement + @@ -12268,6 +27161,9 @@ donnée environnementale + + + @@ -12283,18 +27179,22 @@ développement environnemental + température de l'air + + enjeu économique de l'environnement + @@ -12316,25 +27216,34 @@ économie de l'environnement + éducation à l'environnement + + entreprise environnementale + + éthique de l'environnement + + trafic aérien + + @@ -12345,37 +27254,50 @@ fonds pour l'environnement + danger environnemental + + + hygiène de l'environnement + risque écologique pour la santé + évaluation de l'impact des conditions de vie sur la santé + protection de l'hygiène du milieu + histoire de l'écologie + + + impact sur l'environnement + + @@ -12393,6 +27315,9 @@ évaluation de l'impact sur l'environnement + + + @@ -12401,65 +27326,92 @@ impact de l'agriculture sur l'environnement + + impact de l'aquaculture sur l'environnement + + + impact de l'énergie sur l'environnement + + mpact de la pêche sur l'environnement + + + impact de la sylviculture sur l'environnement + + impact des ménages sur l'environnement + impact de l'industrie sur l'environnement + + impact des loisirs sur l'environnement + impact du tourisme sur l'environnement + impact des transports sur l'environnement + + + déclaration sur l'impact écologique + + + étude d'impact sur l'environnement + + + Incitation financière à la protection de l'environnement + @@ -12467,15 +27419,21 @@ indicateur environnemental + + index environnemental + + écoindustrie + + @@ -12483,14 +27441,20 @@ loi de navigation aérienne + + + informatique environnementale + information environnementale + + @@ -12498,36 +27462,50 @@ réseau d'information sur l'environnement + + système d'information sur l'environnement + + investissement environnemental + écologisme + + droit de l'environnement + réglementation du trafic aérien + + + application du droit de l'environnement + + législation en matière d'environnement + @@ -12543,53 +27521,79 @@ législation environnementale sur l'agriculture + + + procédure législative en matière d'environnement + + responsabilité écologique + permis applicable à l'environnement + + substance dangereuse pour l'environnement + + + achat de produits et de services écologiques + + + + produit propre + + management environnemental + + maladie liée au milieu environnant + comportement écologique + entreprise non respectueuse de l'environnement + + + management environnemental + + @@ -12616,19 +27620,26 @@ médecine environnementale + méfait écologique + surveillance de l'environnement + + + + bruit ambiant + @@ -12643,15 +27654,19 @@ perception de l'environnement + + performance environnementale + planification écologique + @@ -12665,14 +27680,19 @@ transport aérien + + + plan écologique + politique de l'environnement + @@ -12689,6 +27709,8 @@ instrument de gestion de l'environnement + + @@ -12696,6 +27718,7 @@ pollution de l'environnement + @@ -12705,10 +27728,13 @@ priorité environnementale + + programme environnemental + @@ -12716,12 +27742,17 @@ interaction air/eau + + + + protection de l'environnement + @@ -12733,42 +27764,59 @@ agence pour la protection de l'environnement + association de défense de l'environnement + + coût de protection de l'environnement + défense de l'environnement dans le cadre de l'entreprise + + décret sur la protection de l'environnement + organisation de protection de l'environnement + réglementation de la protection de l'environnement + technologie de protection de l'environnement + + psychologie environnementale + + qualité de l'environnement + + + + @@ -12776,10 +27824,15 @@ critère de qualité de l'environnement + + + + objectif de qualité environnementale + @@ -12788,10 +27841,13 @@ norme de qualité de l'environnement + + rapport sur l'environnement + @@ -12799,12 +27855,15 @@ recherche sur l'environnement et développement + évaluation des risques pour l'environnement + + @@ -12812,55 +27871,76 @@ risque pour l'environnement + sciences de l'environnement + sécurité écologique + banque d'échantillons de l'environnement + + + éco-audit + + + statistiques de l'environnement + + + bourse des valeurs environnementales + encouragement et subventions écologiques + + objectif environnemental + alarme + enseignement de l'environnement + + technologie de l'environnement + + @@ -12877,31 +27957,42 @@ terminologie de l'environnement + formation en matière d'environnement + + évaluation économique environnementale + vandalisme environnemental + guerre mésologique + + + favorable à l'environnement + + environnement + @@ -12912,26 +28003,33 @@ enzyme + + épidémie + épidémiologie + + équidé + équipement + @@ -12962,14 +28060,21 @@ dose équivalente + ergonomie + + + érosion + + + @@ -12978,109 +28083,146 @@ aménagement antiérosif + + + + biologie estuarienne + + zone préservée de l'estuaire + + écosystème estuarien + + océanographie estuarienne + estuaire + + gravure + + substance corrosive + + éther + alcool + éthique + + ethnologie + + + éthologie + Conseil de l'Union Européenne + Euratom + Europe + Commission Européenne + Cour de Justice Européenne + Agence européenne pour l'environnement + Conseil européen de l'environnement + source d'accident + réserve naturelle européenne + + Parlement Européen + Union européenne + @@ -13102,18 +28244,24 @@ eutrophisation + + + algue + évaluation + + @@ -13127,77 +28275,109 @@ critère d'évaluation + méthode d'évaluation + évaluation de technologie + + + évaporation + + + évapotranspiration + évolution + science exacte + cavité creusée + + creusement + + + prolifération d'algues + + + tas de déblai + terrain de déblayement + + + hauteur excessive des cheminées d'usine + + + + mandat exécutif + dispositif d'évacuation + + + gaz d'échappement + @@ -13207,16 +28387,21 @@ produits chimiques existant + + + espèce exotique + dépense + @@ -13224,10 +28409,13 @@ algicide + + expérience scientifique + @@ -13237,67 +28425,99 @@ système expert + + exploration + + explosion + explosif + + exportation + + permis d'exportation + + + exportation de déchets dangereux + + + + + + exposition + expropriation + + élevage extensif de bétail + + externalité économique + + composé alicyclic + extinction + espèce éteinte + + extraction + + + @@ -13309,38 +28529,54 @@ hydrocarbures cycloaliphatiques + industrie minière + + tissu + marché des facteurs de production + élevage industriel + + bactérie fécale + + + + composés aliphatiques + retombée + + + + @@ -13349,33 +28585,45 @@ zone en friche + + friche agricole + + famille + planning familial + hydrocarbures aliphatiques + famine + + + animal d'élevage + + @@ -13384,25 +28632,32 @@ ferme (bâtiment) + + terre alcaline + ferme (exploitation) + + trafic à grande vitesse + faune + @@ -13410,33 +28665,44 @@ autorité fédérale + gouvernement fédéral + loi fédérale (D) + frais administratifs + alimentation des animaux + fagne + + fermentation + + + + @@ -13444,10 +28710,14 @@ fougère + engrais + + + @@ -13460,54 +28730,77 @@ loi sur les engrais + + + fibre + fibre de verre + + champ + + détérioration du terrain + + + expérience de terrain + étude de terrain + matériau de remplissage + station-service + + + + + film + + filtre + + @@ -13516,16 +28809,22 @@ gâteau de filtration + + sol alcalin + filtration + + + @@ -13536,10 +28835,14 @@ stockage final + + + finances + @@ -13557,34 +28860,41 @@ aide au financement + dédommagement financier + contribution financière + instrument financier + loi de finances + marché financier + financement + @@ -13594,51 +28904,65 @@ amende + fine poussière + incendie + prévention des incendies + agent d'ignifugation + alcane + protection contre le feu + règles de prévention incendies + service d'incendie + + + cuisson + + + @@ -13646,6 +28970,8 @@ firme + + @@ -13660,11 +28986,15 @@ maladie ichtyologique + + + pêche (général) + @@ -13683,6 +29013,7 @@ gestion de la pêche + @@ -13690,32 +29021,44 @@ ressource halieutique + + + économie de la pêche + + politique de la pêche + + poisson + + pisciculture + pêche (action) + + @@ -13725,91 +29068,137 @@ composé alkylique + industrie de la pêche + + + + loi sur la pêche + + réserve de pêche + + + + + bateau de pêche + + destruction des poissons + + + stock de poisson + + toxicité des poissons + + + + plomberie (bâtiment) + plan d'échelonnement des coûts + pavillon de complaisance + brûlage à la torche + + + + + test rapide + arôme + puce + allergène + + réglementation souple de la protection de l'environnement + + floculant + + floculation + + + + crue + + @@ -13820,6 +29209,8 @@ lutte contre les inondations + + @@ -13827,6 +29218,7 @@ inondation + @@ -13836,27 +29228,37 @@ flore + restauration de la flore + + + flottation + + + débit + fleur + plante à fleur + @@ -13871,82 +29273,118 @@ champ d'un écoulement + + + eau courante + gaz de carneau + allergie + fluidique + fluidisation + + + lit fluidisé + + + fluoration + + + fluor + ressources fluviales + + + transport fluvial + + + cendre volante + + + agent moussant + + fourrage + + + brouillard + brume + affectation + feuillage + aliment + @@ -13959,39 +29397,60 @@ additifs alimentaires et colorants + + chaîne alimentaire + plan d'affectation + + + colorant alimentaire + + commerce d'alimentation + + + + contamination des denrées alimentaires + + + + hygiène alimentaire + + industrie alimentaire + + + @@ -14002,15 +29461,22 @@ irradiation des aliments + + contaminant alimentaire + + + + conservation des aliments + @@ -14018,22 +29484,30 @@ industrie alimentaire + + + production alimentaire (agriculture) + + qualité des denrées alimentaires + + besoins alimentaires + @@ -14041,15 +29515,21 @@ science et technologie alimentaire + + stockage des aliments + + produit alimentaire + + @@ -14072,29 +29552,45 @@ technologie alimentaire + + transport alimentaire + sentier pedestre + + + contamination du fourrage + + + + loi sur l'alimentation des animaux d'élevage + + + + alliage + + @@ -14102,6 +29598,7 @@ prévision + @@ -14113,19 +29610,25 @@ saisie + relations économiques extérieures + + politique étrangère + commerce extérieur + + @@ -14133,6 +29636,8 @@ forêt + + @@ -14152,44 +29657,65 @@ alluvion + préservation des forêts + + réduction de la surface boisée + + + + dégâts forestiers + + ecosystème forestier + + + incendie de forêt + + + rayonnement alpha + industrie forestière + + + gestion forestière + + @@ -14197,19 +29723,27 @@ déprédateur des forêts + + + politique forestière + + production forestière + produit forestier + + @@ -14219,6 +29753,10 @@ réserve forestière + + + + @@ -14227,16 +29765,22 @@ évaluation des ressources forestières + + ressource forestière + + + sylviculture + @@ -14256,15 +29800,21 @@ économie forestière + + droit forestier + + législation forestière + + @@ -14272,12 +29822,14 @@ pratique forestière + forme de gouvernement + @@ -14286,10 +29838,14 @@ fossile + combustible fossile + + + @@ -14300,26 +29856,38 @@ salissure + + + moteur à quatre temps + + + + législation cadre + accès à l'information + + transport de marchandises + + @@ -14329,10 +29897,14 @@ fréon + + + eau douce + @@ -14346,10 +29918,13 @@ biologie de l'eau douce + + dégradation des ressources en eau douce + @@ -14357,24 +29932,33 @@ écosystème d'eau douce + + matériau alternatif + contrôle de l' eau douce + + organisme d'eau douce + + pollution des eaux douces + + @@ -14382,25 +29966,34 @@ ressource en eau douce + + grenouille + gel + + fruit + + + culture fruitière + @@ -14408,11 +30001,15 @@ arbre fruitier + + combustible + + @@ -14438,101 +30035,141 @@ additif pour carburants + + + alcool-carburant + + + composition des carburants + + + technologie "propre" + + consommation de combustible + + fioul + + installation de réservoir à carburant + + + bois à usage de combustible + + + fumée + alumine + fumigation + + substance fonctionnelle + + fonction du sol + mycète + champignon (ordre végétal) + aluminium + fongicide + + + fourrure + + animal à fourrure + + furanne + four industriel + @@ -14540,44 +30177,61 @@ meubles + emballage en aluminium + industrie de l'ameublement + + pelleterie + + gallinacé + teneur en aluminium + + galvanisation + + gibier + + rayonnement gamma + jardin + + + @@ -14587,37 +30241,53 @@ industrie de l'aluminium + déchet de jardin + garrigue + gaz + + + chromatographie en phase gazeuse + + compagnie du gaz + + + moteur à gaz + + + + polluant atmosphérique gazeux + @@ -14627,12 +30297,17 @@ état gazeux + + traitement des gaz + + + @@ -14641,20 +30316,31 @@ gazéification + + + liquéfaction de gaz + + mélange gazeux + + réseau gazier + + + + @@ -14662,36 +30348,59 @@ gazohol + + moteur à essence + + + + gazoduc + + + + centrale à gaz + + + épuration des gaz + + + recirculation des gaz + + + réservoir à gaz + + alimentation en gaz + + @@ -14701,40 +30410,56 @@ accumulation dans les tissues corporels + + alvéole + + gastéropode + usine à gaz + + + égalité des sexes + banque de gênes + + instruction administrative générale + chimie générale + + gène + + @@ -14742,6 +30467,7 @@ diversité génétique + @@ -14749,12 +30475,15 @@ effet génétique + génie génétique + + @@ -14770,11 +30499,14 @@ législation en matière de génie génétique + + information génétique + @@ -14784,24 +30516,31 @@ amalgame + + + modification génétique + ressource génétique + + génétique + @@ -14809,20 +30548,26 @@ variation génétique + géodésie + + facteur géogénique + système d'information géographique + + @@ -14830,6 +30575,8 @@ géographie + + @@ -14843,11 +30590,15 @@ désastre géologique + + processus géologique + + @@ -14856,6 +30607,9 @@ géologie + + + @@ -14866,6 +30620,8 @@ processus géomorphologique + + @@ -14874,36 +30630,47 @@ géomorphologie + + + géophysique + géotechnologie + énergie géothermique + germe + + germination + protoplasme des germes + Les Amériques + @@ -14912,6 +30679,8 @@ glacier + + @@ -14922,37 +30691,50 @@ glaciologie + + verre + + industrie du verre + + aspect global + + convention internationale + Fonds mondial pour la protection de l'environnement + modèle global + + réchauffement mondial + @@ -14962,41 +30744,54 @@ glossaire + colle + objectifs des entreprises + + test de Ames + + golf + bonne gestion + organe de conseil auprès du gouvernement + édifice gouvernemental + + + gouvernement + @@ -15005,89 +30800,129 @@ dépense publique pour l'environnement + responsabilité gouvernementale + politique gouvernementale + amine + céréale + + + herbe + acide aminé + feu de prairie + + sauterelle + prairie + + + écosystème prairie + + gravier + + extraction de gravier + + + gravière + + + pâturage + + + ammoniac + + + + ceinture verte + + + construction "verte" + coulée verte + + écotaxe + + @@ -15103,10 +30938,13 @@ horticulture en serre + effet de serre + + @@ -15114,6 +30952,9 @@ gaz à effet de serre + + + @@ -15126,14 +30967,25 @@ engrais vert + + + + révolution verte + + + espace vert + + + + @@ -15143,38 +30995,58 @@ légume vert + + broyage + + + produit national brut + ammonisation + + + eaux souterraines + + puisage des eaux souterraines + + + pollution des eaux souterraines + + protection des réserves d'eau souterraines + + + comportement collectif + @@ -15185,30 +31057,42 @@ ammonium + accumulateur + + golfe + + + gymnosperme + gypse + + + habitat + + @@ -15216,29 +31100,38 @@ hématologie + + grêle + demi-vie + + + haloforme + biphényles halogénés + hydrocarbure halogéné + @@ -15248,11 +31141,14 @@ phenol halogéné + polluant halogéné + + @@ -15260,47 +31156,63 @@ terphenyl halogéné + entreprise artisanale + + + artisanat d'art + port + + + dureté + + déchet encombrant + pollution des eaux usées + + harmonisation des lois + récolte + danger + @@ -15313,12 +31225,17 @@ risque dû aux polluants + + + matière dangereuse + + @@ -15326,15 +31243,22 @@ législation des matières dangereuses + + décharge de déchets dangereux + + déchets dangereux + + + @@ -15343,18 +31267,24 @@ substance dangereuse à manipuler + + brume + fourrière (culture des champs) + + santé + @@ -15365,6 +31295,7 @@ soins de santé + @@ -15379,6 +31310,7 @@ relation santé-environnement + @@ -15391,6 +31323,7 @@ batracien + @@ -15398,12 +31331,16 @@ institution sanitaire + + + risque pour la santé + @@ -15420,6 +31357,8 @@ législation sanitaire + + @@ -15427,6 +31366,7 @@ protection de la santé + @@ -15436,65 +31376,97 @@ réglementation sanitaire + + parc de loisirs + + + + biotechnologie à but médical + + + service de santé + + trouble de l'audition + + procédure d'audition + protection de l'ouïe + + + audition (sens) + + chaleur + + centrale à co-génération + + + + + appareil de chauffage + + lande + + chauffage + + @@ -15503,6 +31475,9 @@ centrale de chauffage + + + @@ -15510,16 +31485,22 @@ pompe à chaleur + + stockage de chaleur + + fourniture de chaleur + + @@ -15528,20 +31509,32 @@ anaerobiose + + + transport de marchandises lourdes + + + charge en métaux lourds + + + + + métal lourd + @@ -15555,80 +31548,111 @@ haie + + herbicide + + + herbivore + hétérocycle + pocessus anaérobie + + + enseignement supérieur + écosystème de montagne + + haute montagne + + alimentation riche en protéines + immeuble de grande hauteur + + voie ferrée à grande vitesse + + train à grande vitesse + marée haute + + ligne à haute tension + + + route + + colline + + analyse + @@ -15653,74 +31677,108 @@ évolution historique + monument historique + + recherche historique + site historique + + programme d'analyse + histoire + + camp de vacances + + + vacances + + chimie analytique + + cheval + + horticulture + hôpital + + + + déchet hospitalier + + industrie hôtelière + + + + eau chaude + + appareil d'analyse + + ménage + @@ -15729,19 +31787,27 @@ produit chimique ménager + + produits ménagers + + méthode analytique + + logement + + @@ -15757,40 +31823,53 @@ densité de l'habitat + + financement immobilier + amélioration des logements + + législation immobilière + besoin de logement + programme immobilier + + norme de qualité des logements + anatidé + réhabilitation du logement + + @@ -15800,10 +31879,12 @@ biologie humaine + maladie humaine + @@ -15832,15 +31913,21 @@ écologie humaine + + + exposition des personnes aux polluants + + santé humaine + @@ -15849,6 +31936,7 @@ catastrophe anthropogénique + @@ -15858,14 +31946,19 @@ pathologie humaine + + physiologie humaine + + population + @@ -15877,6 +31970,8 @@ anatomie + + @@ -15894,6 +31989,8 @@ droits de l'homme + + @@ -15901,6 +31998,9 @@ établissement humain + + + @@ -15917,16 +32017,21 @@ gestion des établissements humains + humus + + chasse + + @@ -15934,21 +32039,30 @@ réserve de chasse + + + cyclone + + hybridation + construction hydraulique + + + @@ -15959,6 +32073,8 @@ génie hydraulique + + @@ -15968,61 +32084,85 @@ hydraulique + + hydrobiologie + + + hydrocarbure + acide chlorhydrique + culture hors sol + centrale hydroélectrique + + + + hydrogène + sulfure d'hydrogène + + hydrogéologie + hydrographie + + angiospermes + catastrophe hydrologique + + + bilan hydrologique + + @@ -16031,6 +32171,8 @@ cycle de l'eau + + @@ -16046,27 +32188,37 @@ hydrologie + + hydrolyse + pêche à la ligne + + hydrométéorologie + + énergie hydraulique + + hydrosphère + @@ -16077,58 +32229,79 @@ hygiène + hymenoptère + glace + + + iceberg + + + banquise + + + identification des polluants + + idéologie + traitement de l'image + codification OMCI + + + introduction d'espèces animales étrangères + introduction d'espèces végétales étrangères + immission + @@ -16138,40 +32311,66 @@ contrôle des immisions + + + + + loi de contrôle des immissions + + + + + dégât d'immission + + + + comportement animal + prévisions des immissions + + + + limitation des immissions + + + + charge d'immission + système immunitaire + + @@ -16179,23 +32378,32 @@ immunité + test immunologique + + maladie immunologique + immunologie + + + évaluation de l'impact + + @@ -16205,20 +32413,27 @@ minimisation de l'impact + + impacteur + prévention de l'impact + + sources d'immission + + @@ -16229,20 +32444,27 @@ loi de mise en oeuvre + importation + + permis d'importation + maladie animale + + + @@ -16251,31 +32473,44 @@ appauvrissement + agent d'imprégnation + + imprégnation + amélioration de l'efficacité + charge impulsionnelle + + bruit impulsif + incinération + + + + + @@ -16286,6 +32521,10 @@ incinération des déchets + + + + @@ -16297,39 +32536,55 @@ incinérateur + + pente + + revenu + + incorporation + + utilisation du fumier (séché) comme carburant + + + indemnisation + Océan indien + indicateur + + + @@ -16340,87 +32595,131 @@ retombée acide + + + écologie animale + indicateur du management environnemental + + + + indicateur de la qualité environnementale + forêt primaire + + + technologie indigène + + inducer indirect + pollution atmosphérique intérieure + + + + expérimentation animale + environnement intérieur + + + zone industrielle + + + association industrielle + + + bâtiment industriel + + culture industrielle + développement industriel + + décharge industrielle + + économie industrielle + + effluent industriel + + aliment pour animaux + + + + @@ -16428,6 +32727,8 @@ émissions industrielles + + @@ -16438,6 +32739,8 @@ politique environnementale industrielle + + @@ -16446,6 +32749,7 @@ équipement industriel + @@ -16467,10 +32771,14 @@ fumée industrielle + + installation industrielle + + @@ -16482,41 +32790,59 @@ industrialisation + + législation industrielle + + + matériau industriel + + génétique animale + + médecine du travail en industrie + + + bruit industriel + + planning industriel + + établissement industriel (bâtiment) + + @@ -16540,6 +32866,7 @@ politique industrielle + @@ -16554,11 +32881,14 @@ pollution industrielle + + processus industriel + @@ -16636,14 +32966,21 @@ production industrielle + + statistiques de la production industrielle + + + produit industriel + + @@ -16679,10 +33016,15 @@ droit de propriété industrielle + + site industriel + + + @@ -16695,35 +33037,56 @@ boue industrielle + + + société industrielle + + + déchet industriel + + + effluent gazeux industriel + + + eau usée industrielle + + + zonage industriel + + + + industrie + + @@ -16772,36 +33135,53 @@ logement pour animaux + + + inertage + + déchet inerte + mortalité infantile + + infection + + + maladie infectieuse + infestation des cultures + + + élevage + + @@ -16815,28 +33195,41 @@ infestation des aliments + + + infiltration + + substance inflammable + + + affluent + + négociation informelle + informatique + + @@ -16849,6 +33242,8 @@ information + + @@ -16870,21 +33265,25 @@ traitement de l'information + service d'information + source d'information + système d'information + @@ -16897,30 +33296,41 @@ technologie de l'information + + infraction + rayonnement infrarouge + fumier + + + + infrason + infrastructure + + @@ -16939,51 +33349,74 @@ habitant + + blessure + + encre + pêche en eau douce + navigation fluviale + + eaux intérieures + + transport fluvial + + + bruit dû aux animaux + + innovation + + chimie minérale + + engrais inorganique + + + + @@ -16996,15 +33429,21 @@ polluant inorganique + + nutrition animale + + + substance inorganique + @@ -17026,16 +33465,21 @@ insecticide + + + insectivores + insecte + @@ -17051,37 +33495,49 @@ in situ + + inspection + inspection des registres + + service d'inspection + + installation nécessitant une habilitation + institutionnalisation + industrie d'appareillage + physiologie animale + + @@ -17089,10 +33545,16 @@ matériau isolant + + + assurance + + + @@ -17101,104 +33563,146 @@ compagnie d'assurance + + + couverture d'assurance + + + réserve naturelle intégrale + + technologie de protection environnementale intégrée + + lutte intégrée contre les nuisibles + contrôle intégré de la pollution + + + + élevage intensif + agriculture intensive + interaction des pesticides + + + + échange de données informatisées + acidification + recherche interdisciplinaire + intérêts + groupe d'intérêt + décision provisoire + comparaison interlaboratoire + + production animale + + produits intermédiaires + + + bruit intermittent + marché intérieur européen + + internalisation des coûts environnementaux + accord international + compétitivité internationale + produit animal + + @@ -17207,44 +33711,56 @@ convention internationale + coopération internationale + Cour internationale de justice + distribution internationale + division internationale du travail + + relations internationales pour l'environnement + harmonisation internationale + protection des animaux + + + droit international + @@ -17252,10 +33768,14 @@ écosystème d'importance internationale + + + organisation internationale + @@ -17267,11 +33787,13 @@ politique internationale + relation internationale + @@ -17286,6 +33808,8 @@ bassin fluvial international + + @@ -17293,44 +33817,59 @@ sécurité internationale + + normalisation internationale + commerce international + + cours d'eau international + ressource animale + + méthode d'interprétation + zone intertidale + + intervention au niveau de la nature et des paysages + + inventaire (environnement) + + @@ -17338,22 +33877,28 @@ inventaire des dégâts forestiers + + inversion + couche d'inversion + + invertébré + @@ -17365,42 +33910,65 @@ investissement + animal destiné à l'abattage + + + test in vitro + + + test in vivo + + + iode + échange d'ions + + + + échangeur d'ions + + + + abri pour animaux + + + rayonnement ionisant + @@ -17411,21 +33979,26 @@ ionosphère + + ion + fer + animal + @@ -17440,58 +34013,84 @@ industrie sidérurgique + + industrie sidérurgique + + irradiation + + + irrigation + + canal d'irrigation + + + culture irriguée + + fibre textile d'origine animale + île + + écosystème insulaire + + isolation (procédé) + + + + isomère + commerce des animaux + + @@ -17499,15 +34098,21 @@ isotope + ivoire + déchet animal + + + + @@ -17519,18 +34124,22 @@ débiteur commun + mise en application commune (Conférence de Rio) + entraide judiciaire + organe judiciaire + @@ -17538,63 +34147,82 @@ règlement judiciaire + anion + juridiction + jurisprudence + + karst + garder en stock + + kérosène + + annélides + étiquetage + + laboratoire + + expérience de laboratoire + recherche en laboratoire + + technique de laboratoire + @@ -17609,11 +34237,15 @@ déchet de laboratoire + + travail + + @@ -17624,15 +34256,22 @@ antagonisme + + + droit du travail + + marché du travail + + @@ -17640,22 +34279,30 @@ fonctionnement du monde du travail + + laque + lagune + + + bassin lacustre + + @@ -17663,20 +34310,28 @@ pollution de lac + + lac + + lampe + + pays + + @@ -17697,63 +34352,96 @@ effet antagoniste des substances toxiques + + accès à la terre + allocation de terrain pour cultivation + + + + + cadastre + + capacité de charge + défrichement + + + Antarctique + protection des terres + + remembrement + + + couverture spatiale (SIG) + + + développement du territoire + + + + écologie des terres + + + + décharge + + @@ -17768,27 +34456,44 @@ couche de couverture (décharge) + + dégazage de décharge + + + + gaz de décharge + + + lixiviat de décharge + + + + remodelage de terrain + + relief + + @@ -17806,19 +34511,27 @@ écosystème de l'Antarctique + + mammifère terrestre + occupation du sol + + + aménagement du territoire + + @@ -17830,28 +34543,43 @@ pollution du sol + + + océan antarctique + mise en valeur des terres + + cadastre + + + + restauration de terrain + + + + paysage + @@ -17863,69 +34591,107 @@ paysage minier + + région antarctique + modification du paysage + aménagement du paysage + élément du paysage + protection du paysage + + politique de préservation des paysages + + écologie du paysage + + + gestion du paysage + + aménagement du paysage + + protection du paysage + + zone de protection du paysage + + consommation du paysage + + + + + + + utilisation du paysage + + + + + + aménagement du territoire + + + + @@ -17944,16 +34710,28 @@ éboulement + + + transport terrestre + + affectation des sols + + + + + + + @@ -17962,6 +34740,9 @@ action anthropique + + + @@ -17971,143 +34752,207 @@ classification de l'usage des sols + + + + + aménagement du territoire + + + + systématisation de l'affectation des sols + + + + valeur de la terre + + grande installation de combustion + + + laser + acidité + facteur anthropique + blanchissage + + + loi + amendement de loi + réserve anthropologique + + application de loi + loi sur le voisinage + droit (science) + + lixiviation + + + + + plomb + composé de plomb + contamination par le plomb + loi sur l'essence chargée en plomb + + + taux de plomb dans le sang + + + antibiotique + + + + feuille + fuite + cuir + + industrie du cuir + + base légale + anticorps + + droit légal + réglementation juridique + recours judiciaire + texte juridique + législation + @@ -18120,10 +34965,13 @@ anticipation d'un danger + législation en matière de pollution + + @@ -18132,26 +34980,38 @@ législation en matière de ressources en eau + + + autorité législative + + compétence législative + + information législative + corps législatif + + loisirs + + @@ -18166,34 +35026,45 @@ temps libre + + + lépidoptère + produit antivégétal + + leucémie + impôt + lexique + + responsabilité + @@ -18204,41 +35075,56 @@ responsabilité pour les accidents en mer + + responsabilité pour les dommages nucléaires + + législation en matière de responsabilité + bibliothèque + + + + + délivrance de permis + procédure pour l'obtention d'un permis + soumission à autorisation + lichen + degré d'acidité + @@ -18246,11 +35132,14 @@ cycle de la vie + sciences de la vie + + @@ -18263,78 +35152,114 @@ mode de vie + lumière + éclairage + + + séparateur pour liquides légers + + lignite + + + mine de lignite + + + chaux + + + + calcaire + + valeur limite + + incitation à la lutte contre la pollution + + limnologie + + source linéaire de son + revêtement d'étanchéité + + + source linéaire (de pollution) + + lipide + + substance lipophile + gaz liquéfié + + @@ -18342,40 +35267,53 @@ purin + + + état liquide + déchet liquide + littérature + + banque de données bibliographiques + critique littéraire + + recherche bibliographique + + lithosphère + @@ -18383,19 +35321,27 @@ ordures + littoral + + valeur des composés organo-halogénés adsorbables + + + cheptel sur pied + + @@ -18403,211 +35349,289 @@ élevage de bétail + élevage de bétail + condition de vie + ressources marines biologiques + + espace vital + + lézard + tolérance de charge (eau) + + municipalité + immeuble en copropriété + + finances locales + politique des administrations locales + chauffage à distance + + matériau de construction local + trafic voyageurs à courte distance + + + + trafic local + + + site industriel + + + locomotive + apiculture + + trafic à grande distance + + + transport long courrier + + effet à long terme + + + effet polluant à long terme + + expérience sur le long terme + prévision à long terme + tendance à long terme + camion + perte + perte de biotope + + sonorité + habitation à loyer modéré (HLM) + + + appel + Chambre des Députés + espèces à faible risque + + étiage + + vol à basse altitude + + + + + procédure d'appel + technologie de base + lubrifiant + luminosité + écologie appliquée + lessive + système lymphatique + + lysimétrie + nutrition appliquée + industrie mécanique + + objectif macroéconomique + macro-économie + science appliquée + @@ -18619,46 +35643,59 @@ bande magnétique + magnétisme + liste de diffusion + maintenance de l'environnement + + accident majeur + paludisme + malformation + + malnutrition + technologie appropriée + + mammifère + @@ -18672,10 +35709,13 @@ homme + + gestion + @@ -18690,10 +35730,13 @@ contrat de gestion + gestion des ressources naturelles + + @@ -18701,26 +35744,33 @@ plan de gestion + mandat + mangrove + marais de mangrove + homologation d'installations + changement climatique induit par l'action humaine + + @@ -18729,6 +35779,8 @@ relations homme-nature + + @@ -18739,20 +35791,31 @@ main-d'oeuvre + + activité de production + + secteur des produits manufacturés + + + fumier + + + + @@ -18762,6 +35825,8 @@ production de purin + + @@ -18769,6 +35834,9 @@ aquaculture + + + @@ -18779,6 +35847,8 @@ carte + + @@ -18787,41 +35857,66 @@ cartographie (cartes) + + cartographie de lichens + + + + marbre + + + terres marginales + + + mariculture + + port de plaisance + + + + biologie marine + + + zone de protection marine + + animal aquatique + + @@ -18829,28 +35924,39 @@ écologie marine + + + écosystème marin + + génie marin + + milieu marin + faune marine + + pêche maritime + @@ -18860,42 +35966,60 @@ géologie marine + hydro-écologie + surveillance du milieu marin + + + + organisme marin + + pollution de la mer + + réserve marine + + + préservation des ressources marines + + sédiment marin + écosystème aquatique + + @@ -18906,29 +36030,44 @@ droit maritime + + navigation maritime + + transport maritime + + + marqueur + + + traceur + + + marché + + @@ -18938,27 +36077,34 @@ économie de marché + forme de marché + marketing + étude de marché + marsupiaux + mass media + + @@ -18967,15 +36113,19 @@ mammifère aquatique + loisir de masse + + séparation des masses (physique) + @@ -18988,10 +36138,15 @@ transport de masse + + + + matériau + @@ -18999,17 +36154,22 @@ bilan matière + + cycle de vie des matériaux + sciences des matériaux + + @@ -19017,42 +36177,65 @@ contrôle des matériaux + + analyse mathématique + méthode mathématique + pluie acide + + micro-organisme aquatique + concentration maximale admissible + + + + + + + concentration maximale d'immission + + + + + + + organisme aquatique + + @@ -19063,15 +36246,20 @@ pré + + + moyen de transport + mesure (méthode analytique) + @@ -19084,24 +36272,32 @@ méthode de mesure + programme de mesure + viande + + + génie mécanique + science médicale + + @@ -19122,20 +36318,27 @@ médicament éliminé + plante médicinale + + plante aquatique + + médecine + + @@ -19147,43 +36350,57 @@ zone méditerranéenne + bois méditerranéen + + + fusion + + membrane + + effet mental + mercure + contamination par le mercure + + infrastructure de loisirs aquatiques + métabolisme + @@ -19195,32 +36412,46 @@ métabolisme des pesticides + + métabolite + + méta-informations + traitement de surface + aqueduc + + mineral métallique + + + + industrie métallurgique + + @@ -19228,29 +36459,38 @@ oxyde métallique + revêtement métallique + aquifère + + produit métallique + industrie des produits métalliques + + métal + + @@ -19261,10 +36501,12 @@ fusion du métal + travail du métal + @@ -19272,6 +36514,9 @@ catastrophe météorologique + + + @@ -19279,15 +36524,19 @@ prévision météorologique + + paramètre météorologique + phénomène météorologique + @@ -19308,24 +36557,29 @@ météorologie + + méthane + acide + méthodologie + @@ -19339,54 +36593,77 @@ culture de champ + métropole + + + ressource microbienne + + analyse microbiologique + + microbiologie + + microclimat + effet de microclimat + microclimatologie + + micro-ordinateur + microécosystème + + microélectronique + + microfiltration + + + micro-organisme + @@ -19394,48 +36671,62 @@ micropolluant + microscopie + onde à hyperfréquences + + migration des travailleurs + + migration humaine + + migration animale + oiseau migrateur + espèce migratrice + aspect militaire + activité militaire + + @@ -19446,34 +36737,51 @@ trafic aérien militaire + + + zone militaire + lait + + moulin + + mine + + + remblayage de mines + + + + gisement + + @@ -19483,36 +36791,50 @@ extraction de mineraux + + + fibre minérale + industrie minérale + + minéralisation + + arboriculture + minéralogie + + ressource minérale + + + @@ -19520,6 +36842,10 @@ minéral + + + + @@ -19531,20 +36857,30 @@ eau minérale + + + stratégie de minimisation des coûts + minimisation des dommages + arrondissement minier + + + + + @@ -19554,60 +36890,82 @@ ingéniérie minière + géologie minière + industrie minière + + + site archéologique + + droit minier + + + règlement sur les mines + + + remise en état de sites miniers + + + déchets des industries minières + décret ministériel + ministère + archéologie + minorité + produits divers + @@ -19623,47 +36981,62 @@ miscibilité + + archipel + acarien + mesure d'atténuation + exploitation mixte + forêt mixte + + zone d'aménagement mixte + + mélanger + auto caravane + + + modèle + @@ -19671,30 +37044,40 @@ modélisation + humidité + + biologie moléculaire + + + mollusque + évaluation monétaire + surveillance + + @@ -19716,16 +37099,23 @@ critère de surveillance + + données de mesure de surveillance + + + appareil de surveillance + + @@ -19735,19 +37125,26 @@ réseau de mesure + station de surveillance + + + + système de surveillance + technique de surveillance + @@ -19764,35 +37161,50 @@ monopole + monument + + tourbière + persuasion morale + morphologie + + mortalité + + + mousse végétale + architecture + + + + @@ -19801,10 +37213,14 @@ vélomoteur + carburant + + + @@ -19817,6 +37233,9 @@ véhicule à moteur + + + @@ -19829,6 +37248,9 @@ émissions des véhicules à moteur + + + @@ -19836,25 +37258,38 @@ gaz d'échappement automobile + + + industrie de véhicules à moteur + + + autoroute + + + filtre acoustique + + montagne + + @@ -19862,14 +37297,19 @@ écosystème montagnard + + escalade + zone de montagne + + @@ -19879,48 +37319,67 @@ massif montagneux + + écosystème arctique + + fauchage + vasière + + vase + mulch + + + + accord multilatéral + océan arctique + firme multinationale + + zone d'aménagement concerté + nettoyage municipal + + @@ -19928,33 +37387,44 @@ service municipal de nettoyage + + + région arctique + politique municipale de l'environnement + + commune + règlement municipal + niveau municipal + déchet urbain + + @@ -19969,69 +37439,100 @@ système municipal de distribution de l'eau + + + zone + + gestion des eaux urbaines + + + + système musculaire + + musée + + champignon (comestible) + musique + + mytiliculture + + mustélidés + mutagénicité + + test de mutagénicité + substances mutagènes + + + mutant + dissémination de micro-organismes mutés + + + + mutation + @@ -20039,59 +37540,78 @@ mycologie + + mycorhize + zone de pollution potentielle + + + + programme national de protection de l'environnement + économie nationale + comptabilité environnementale nationale + bien culturel + nationalisation + + législation nationale + parc national + + planification nationale + réserve naturelle nationale + espace naturel + @@ -20100,6 +37620,8 @@ catastrophe naturelle + + @@ -20108,10 +37630,13 @@ système naturel de drainage + milieu naturel + + @@ -20121,11 +37646,16 @@ isolation acoustique + + composts et engrais naturels + + + @@ -20134,6 +37664,8 @@ fibre naturelle + + @@ -20141,10 +37673,16 @@ forêt naturelle + + gaz naturel + + + + @@ -20152,20 +37690,30 @@ exploration des ressources de gaz naturel + + + extraction de gaz naturel + + + risque naturel + + patrimoine naturel + + @@ -20173,14 +37721,18 @@ loi sur la nature + écosystème des terres arides + + matériaux naturels + @@ -20197,10 +37749,13 @@ monument naturel + parc naturel + + @@ -20208,20 +37763,27 @@ radioactivité naturelle + terre aride + conservation des ressources naturelles + + + + ressource naturelle + @@ -20235,10 +37797,12 @@ site naturel + sciences naturelles + @@ -20249,6 +37813,8 @@ pierre naturelle + + @@ -20258,28 +37824,41 @@ richesse naturelle + + + organisation de protection de la nature + préservation de la nature + + + législation en matière de préservation de la nature + programme de protection de la nature + + protection de la nature + + + @@ -20287,6 +37866,8 @@ réserve naturelle + + @@ -20295,65 +37876,92 @@ nausée + dangers de navigation + + + nécrose + besoin + + plan d'amélioration du voisinage + + + armement + nématodes + système nerveux + + conversion de l'armement + + appauvrissement direct des ressources + + règle de compensation àl'intérieur d'un groupe (permis d'émissions) + + + + neurotoxicité + + neutralisation + + forces armées + @@ -20361,49 +37969,69 @@ nouvelle communauté + nouvelle installation + + matériau nouveau + nouvelle technologie + + nickel + nitrate + + + + nitrification + + + + composé aromatique + nitrite + composé nitré + azote + + @@ -20412,23 +38040,34 @@ cycle de l'azote + dioxyde d'azote + + fixation de l'azote + + + + monoxyde d'azote + + oxydes d'azote + + @@ -20437,21 +38076,29 @@ nitrosamine + hydrocarbure aromatique + dose maximale admissible + + + + + bruit + @@ -20461,60 +38108,83 @@ diminution du bruit + + analyse de bruit + écran antibruit + + lutte contre le bruit + + nuisance sonore + + émission du bruit + + taxe sur le bruit + + technologie silencieuse + + substance aromatique + + impact du bruit + + + législation en matière de bruit + + niveau sonore + @@ -20522,22 +38192,28 @@ mesure du bruit + suveillance du bruit + polluant sonore + + pollution sonore de l'environnement + + @@ -20548,6 +38224,8 @@ protection contre le bruit + + @@ -20555,6 +38233,9 @@ réduction du bruit + + + @@ -20565,6 +38246,7 @@ type de bruit + @@ -20577,23 +38259,32 @@ mesure en faveur d'une consigne sur les emballages + + nomade + nomenclature + polluant non biodégradable + + zone peu construite + + + @@ -20604,6 +38295,7 @@ énergie non-conventionnelle + @@ -20616,24 +38308,30 @@ industrie des métaux non ferreux + + arsenic + métal non ferreux + organisation non gouvernementale + rayonnement non-ionisant + @@ -20642,40 +38340,58 @@ minéral non métallique + + + + métalloïde + source d'énergie non polluante + + carburant non polluant + + + + art + source d'énergie non renouvelable + + ressource non renouvelable + + bâtiment non résidentiel + + @@ -20684,41 +38400,53 @@ récipient à usage unique + + + + organisme non cible + norme + normalisation + Afrique du Nord + Amérique du Nord + océan atlantique nord + océan pacifique nord + niveau acoustique + @@ -20729,10 +38457,14 @@ aliment nouveau + + accident nucléaire + + @@ -20741,6 +38473,7 @@ arthropodes + @@ -20748,38 +38481,56 @@ énergie nucléaire + + législation en matière d'énergie nucléaire + + + usage de l'énergie nucléaire + + explosion nucléaire (accident) + + articulata + installation nucléaire + + + fission nucléaire + + combustible nucléaire + + + @@ -20787,32 +38538,55 @@ élément de combustible nucléaire + + + + fusion nucléaire + + physique nucléaire + + + débat sur le nucléaire + + + + centrale nucléaire + + + + démantèlement de centrale nucléaire + + + + réaction nucléaire + + @@ -20822,6 +38596,10 @@ réacteur nucléaire + + + + @@ -20830,62 +38608,91 @@ centre de recherche nucléaire + + + sécurité nucléaire + + + essai nucléaire + + + + arme nucléaire + + + acide nucléïque + + nuisance + pépinière + milieu de culture (microbiologie) + + bilan nutritif + teneur en nutriments + + + + cycle des substances nutritives + extraction des nutriments + + nutriment + nutrition + @@ -20895,87 +38702,125 @@ valeur nutritive + chêne + + objection + obligation d'information + + obligation d'étiquetage + + maladie professionnelle + + association professionnelle + hygiène du travail + + service de médecine du travail + + + médecine du travail + + + sécurité du travail + + + réglementation de sécurité au travail + + + océan + lac artificiel + + + circulation océanique + + courant océanique + rejet en mer + + + Océanie + océanographie + + @@ -20983,88 +38828,128 @@ température de l'océan + + odonates + odeur + + + puanteur + délits à l'encontre de l'environnement + bureau + devoir officiel + audience officielle + transport quotidien en heures creuses + + voyage en période creuse + + travail en heure creuse + + politique de compensation (commerce des permis d'émissions) + + + + extraction en mer + + + extraction pétrolière en mer + + hors site + + agglutinant du pétrole + + + + + énergie à base de pétrole + barrière de confinement + + + désastre pétrolier + + + @@ -21073,10 +38958,16 @@ exploration des ressources pétrolières + + + extraction de pétrole + + + @@ -21085,15 +38976,26 @@ industrie des huiles et graisses + + + oléoduc + + + + + marée noire + + + @@ -21102,73 +39004,122 @@ réduction de la pollution par le pétrole + + + + navire dépollueur + + + + + raffinerie de pétrole + + + + raffinage de pétrole + récupération des résidus de pétrole + + + + + + schiste bitumineux + + nappe de pétrole + + + déversement de pétrole + + + + pétrolier + + + dépôt ancien + + + + + site pollué + + + installation ancienne + + pollution olfactive + + olfactométrie + onchocercose + satellite + + + @@ -21176,22 +39127,32 @@ oncologie + + exploitation à ciel ouvert + + + pêche en haute mer + données d'exploitation + + opinion + + @@ -21201,23 +39162,32 @@ optimisation des installations + + + minerai + + organe + + carbone organique + + @@ -21225,20 +39195,26 @@ chimie organique + + agriculture biologique + propriété acoustique + polluant organique + + @@ -21246,15 +39222,23 @@ amiante + + + + + solvant organique + + substance organique + @@ -21272,6 +39256,7 @@ déchet organique + @@ -21279,6 +39264,7 @@ organisme + @@ -21297,11 +39283,13 @@ composé organochloré + composé organohalogèné + @@ -21309,6 +39297,7 @@ composé organométallique + @@ -21316,6 +39305,7 @@ composé organique azoté + @@ -21325,6 +39315,7 @@ composé organique oxygéné + @@ -21334,54 +39325,72 @@ composé organophosphoré + composé organosilicié + composé organosulfuré + composé organostannique + ciment amianté + + + ornithologie + orographie + + orthoptère + osmose + + ANASE + loisirs locaux + + surcharge + + @@ -21389,20 +39398,30 @@ entassement + surexploitation + + surfertilisation + + + + + cendre + + @@ -21410,33 +39429,48 @@ surpêche + + + surpâturage + + + + ligne électrique aérienne + + + surpopulation + brassage convectif + + hivernage + propriété + @@ -21444,20 +39478,24 @@ oxydation + oxydoréduction + oxyde + Asie + @@ -21467,32 +39505,46 @@ agent oxydant + + oxygène + + oxygénation + + teneur en oxygène + + + déficit en oxygène + + + ozone + + @@ -21501,28 +39553,42 @@ potentiel d'appauvrissement de l'ozone + + + + couche d'ozone + + appauvrissement de la couche d'ozone + + + ozonation + + + emballage + + @@ -21533,6 +39599,9 @@ acoustique + + + @@ -21540,38 +39609,51 @@ déchet d'emballage + + peinture + entreprise de peinture + + magasin de peinture + + paléontologie + papier + industrie papetière + + paramètre + + @@ -21627,164 +39709,239 @@ parasite + parasitologie + + + parc de stationnement + + + place de stationnement + + + + Parlement + assimilation + participation + particule + séparateur de particules + + transport de voyageurs + + pâturage + + + déchet pâteux + agent pathogène + + + organisme pathogène + + effet pathologique + + pathologie + + schéma d'urbanisation + + + association + tourbe + + + + extraction de tourbe + + + + + zone piétonnière + + pédosphère + sanctions pour atteinte à l'environnement + pénalité + pentachlorophénol + données par individu + + + perchloroéthylène + astronautique (science) + + eau d'infiltration + + périphyton + + écosystème du pergélisol + + astronomie + + perméabilité + + + limite acceptable d'exposition + + + + + + autorisation + @@ -21799,24 +39956,38 @@ nitrate de peroxyacétyle + + persistance + persistance des pesticides + + + + + + responsabilité personnelle + déprédateur + + + + @@ -21825,6 +39996,7 @@ lutte antiparasitaire + @@ -21833,44 +40005,74 @@ pesticide + + + + norme de contrôle des pesticides + + + cheminement des pesticides + + résidu de pesticide + + + + + infestation parasitaire + + + animal domestique (tenu en appartement) + + industrie pétrochimique + + + + essence + + + atlas + + pétrole + + @@ -21880,24 +40082,32 @@ consommation de pétrole + + géologie des ressources pétrolières + industrie pétrolière + + préservation des ressources pétrolières + + atmosphère + @@ -21905,81 +40115,120 @@ phanérogame + industrie pharmaceutique + + + déchet pharmaceutique + + + pharmacocinétique + + + pharmacologie + + phénol + phérormone + + philosophie + + phosphate + + + déphosphatation + + + substitut du phosphate + + + phosphore + réactif photochimique + + + effet photochimique + oxydant photochimique + + + produit photochimique + + + réaction photochimique + + @@ -21988,15 +40237,21 @@ smog photochimique + + photogrammétrie + + + photo + @@ -22004,10 +40259,14 @@ chimie de l'atmosphère + + photosynthèse + + @@ -22015,23 +40274,31 @@ circulation atmosphérique + + condition physique + géographie physique + + océanographie physique + planification de l'espace physique + + @@ -22040,6 +40307,7 @@ polluant physique + @@ -22047,6 +40315,7 @@ pollution physique + @@ -22054,6 +40323,7 @@ processus physique + @@ -22085,6 +40355,7 @@ propriété physique + @@ -22123,6 +40394,9 @@ composant atmosphérique + + + @@ -22132,6 +40406,8 @@ science physique + + @@ -22144,6 +40420,8 @@ processus physico-chimique + + @@ -22168,10 +40446,15 @@ épuration physicochimique + + + physique + + @@ -22179,11 +40462,15 @@ composition de l'atmosphère + + physiologie + + @@ -22192,24 +40479,35 @@ phytomasse + phytopathologie + + + + phytoplancton + + phytosociologie + + émission atmosphérique + + @@ -22221,40 +40519,58 @@ phytotoxicité + + + atelier de décapage + + image satellite + + humidité de l'air + pilotage + + + installation pilote + + projet pilote + + pinnipèdes + stratification atmosphérique + + @@ -22263,20 +40579,32 @@ pipeline + + + + tuyau + + + + + plaine + plan + + @@ -22296,19 +40624,27 @@ source plane (d'émissions) + + plancton + + plan de développement urbain + + + planification + @@ -22325,10 +40661,12 @@ modèle atmosphérique + législation sur la planification + @@ -22336,6 +40674,9 @@ mesure d'aménagement du territoire + + + @@ -22349,26 +40690,31 @@ permis d'aménagement + rationalisation des choix budgétaires + sélection des plantes + communauté végétale + partie de la plante + @@ -22379,6 +40725,8 @@ pathologie végétale + + @@ -22386,18 +40734,24 @@ équipement d'usine + génétique végétale + + phytosanitaire + surveillance de l'atmosphère + + @@ -22405,19 +40759,26 @@ produit phytosanitaire + + + plantigrades + plantation (d'arbres) + physiologie des plantes + + @@ -22426,14 +40787,22 @@ protection des plantes + + essai de produits phytosanitaires + + + ozone atmosphérique + + + @@ -22442,6 +40811,7 @@ plante + @@ -22460,65 +40830,91 @@ fibre textile végétale + commerce des plantes + + + + technologie du plasma + + plastique + particule atmosphérique + déchets plastiques + + platine + terrain de jeu + + physique atmosphérique + + plutonium + braconnage + + source (d'émissions) ponctuelle + + poison + + + + empoisonnement + @@ -22527,6 +40923,8 @@ pollution atmosphérique + + @@ -22535,37 +40933,50 @@ écosystème polaire + + région polaire + + + polder + + police + loi de police + précipitation atmosphérique + + + politique + @@ -22592,9 +41003,11 @@ + politique + @@ -22603,10 +41016,12 @@ règle politique + instrument politique + @@ -22626,12 +41041,15 @@ intégration stratégique + politique de conservation de la nature + + @@ -22639,42 +41057,53 @@ planification politique + activité de conseil dans le domaine politique + doctrine politique + écologie politique + géographie politique + organisation politique + parti politique + pouvoir politique + phénomène atmosphérique + + + @@ -22682,11 +41111,13 @@ pollen + polluant + @@ -22708,27 +41139,34 @@ absorption de polluant + accumulation de polluant + analyse de polluant + + science de l'atmosphère + + évaluation des polluants + @@ -22737,6 +41175,7 @@ comportement des polluants + @@ -22748,10 +41187,12 @@ concentration de polluant + dégradation des polluants + @@ -22759,22 +41200,27 @@ retombée des polluants + diffusion de polluant + distribution des polluants + structure atmosphérique + + @@ -22783,6 +41229,7 @@ élimination de polluant + @@ -22791,6 +41238,7 @@ émission de polluant + @@ -22804,36 +41252,51 @@ exposition aux polluants + + + formation des polluants + immission des polluants + + + immobilisation des polluants + niveau de présence d'un polluant + charge de polluant + mobilisation des polluants + surveillance des polluants + + + + @@ -22841,6 +41304,7 @@ cheminement des polluants + @@ -22852,26 +41316,35 @@ diminution de la quantité de polluants + remise en mouvement des polluants + identification de la source de pollution + + matière polluée + principe pollueur payeur + + + pollution + @@ -22884,6 +41357,9 @@ réduction de la pollution + + + @@ -22894,6 +41370,10 @@ moyens de réduction de la pollution + + + + @@ -22903,6 +41383,9 @@ lutte contre la pollution + + + @@ -22910,25 +41393,35 @@ équipement de lutte contre la pollution + + + réglementation de lutte contre la pollution + + technologie de lutte contre la pollution + + critère de pollution + + effet de pollution + @@ -22937,14 +41430,24 @@ indicateur de pollution + + + + responsabilité de la pollution + + charge polluante + + + + @@ -22956,30 +41459,47 @@ mesure de pollution + + surveillance de la pollution + + + + norme de pollution + + + + risque de pollution + + puits de pollution + + + source de pollution + + @@ -22989,77 +41509,98 @@ polybromobiphényle + polychlorobiphényle + dioxine-p de dibenzofuranne polychloré + polychlorodibenzofurane + polychloroterphényle + hydrocarbure aromatique polycyclique + hydrocarbure polycyclique + polyéthylène téréphtalate + polymérisation + polymère + + polychlorure de vinyle + + étang + + bassin de décantation des résidus + mare + + distribution démographique + dynamique de population + population (écologique) + @@ -23067,19 +41608,24 @@ écologie des populations + + accroissement de la population + mouvement de population + structure de la population + @@ -23090,52 +41636,75 @@ évolution démographique + post-traitement + + + attribution + potasse + + exploitation minière de potasse et de sel gemme + + volaille + + ferme avicole + + pauvreté + + compagnie d'électricité + + + ratio chaleur/ énergie fournie + + centrale électrique + + + @@ -23143,57 +41712,77 @@ précipitation (chimique) + + + intensification des précipitations + prédateur + bâtiment préfabriqué + audiovisuel + + procédure préliminaire + prime + + conservation de la preuve + agent conservateur + + conserve + presse écrite + + pressage + + pression + @@ -23201,6 +41790,7 @@ groupe de pression + @@ -23208,6 +41798,7 @@ actinide + @@ -23215,6 +41806,7 @@ mesure préventive en matière de santé + @@ -23222,6 +41814,9 @@ prix + + + @@ -23233,10 +41828,13 @@ politique de prix des ressources + + corps exécutif + @@ -23248,74 +41846,96 @@ enseignement primaire + consommation d'énergie primaire + + secteur primaire + autorisation + primates + forêt primaire + + principe de précaution + principe de durabilité + + secteur de l'imprimerie + imprimerie + consentement suite à information + autorisation préalable au transport de déchets dangereux + + véhicule personnel + + + ménage particulier + droit privé + autoécologie + @@ -23330,36 +41950,45 @@ secteur privé + transport privé + privatisation + + proboscidiens + procaryotes + droit procédural + détection automatique + traitement + @@ -23369,18 +41998,23 @@ technologie des processus + eau de traitement + + responsabilité du producteur + produit + @@ -23391,54 +42025,79 @@ comparaison de produits + + + évaluation de produits + + + identification de produits + + + information sur les produits + + productivité + + évolution de la productivité + garantie produits + norme de produit + bénéfice + industrie automobile + + + prognostique + + + + programme + @@ -23449,31 +42108,42 @@ courbe de progression + + interdiction + projet + processus de propagation + + + + gaz propulseur + + caractéristiques des matériaux + @@ -23494,22 +42164,30 @@ protection de la propriété + technique de propulsion + + poursuite + prospérité + + espace protégé + + @@ -23531,126 +42209,176 @@ site naturel protégé + + espèce protégée + + zone protégée de captage d'eau + + + protection contre les voisins + + protection des oiseaux + + protection des espèces + + système de protection + protéine + + protocole + + protozoaire + province + autorité régionale + effet psychique + effet psychologique + stress psychologique + psychologie + + effet psychosomatique + maladie psychosomatique + avalanche + + accès public aux terres + action publique + bains publics + + + + bâtiment public + + domaine public + + + + seuil de mesures d'urgence + + + + + finances publiques + financement public + santé publique + @@ -23660,21 +42388,27 @@ audition publique + actinium + prévention des avalanches + + information du public + + @@ -23687,6 +42421,7 @@ droit public + @@ -23694,46 +42429,65 @@ opinion publique + sondage d'opinion + + parcs et jardins publics + + + + participation publique + partenariat public / privé + secteur des marchés publics + + parquet + construction d'axes de circulation + + + + secteur public + service public + + @@ -23749,15 +42503,24 @@ transport en commun + + + véhicule de transport en commun + + entreprise de service public + + + + @@ -23765,6 +42528,9 @@ travaux publics + + + @@ -23772,31 +42538,44 @@ maladie pulmonaire + pâte à papier + industrie de la cellulose + pompe + + pompage + + achat + épuration + + + + + @@ -23810,6 +42589,11 @@ dispositif d'épuration + + + + + @@ -23821,38 +42605,57 @@ station d'épuration + + + + + + purine + loi fédérale de l'aviation + + pyrolyse + + + + assurance de qualité + + avifaune + contrôle qualité + + qualité de vie + @@ -23861,24 +42664,33 @@ carrière + + + exploitation de carrière + + relation interraciale + radar + + rayonnement + @@ -23900,6 +42712,10 @@ dommage dû au rayonnement + + + + @@ -23907,46 +42723,69 @@ dose de radiations + effet des radiations + + + + exposition aux rayonnements + + + surveillance des radiations + physique des rayonnements + + + radioprotection + + + loi relative à la protection contre le rayonnement + + maladie due aux radiations + + radio + + contamination radioactive + + @@ -23954,78 +42793,109 @@ décontamination radioactive + + + décharge de déchêts radioactifs + + + émission radioactive + + retombée radioactive + + polluant radioactif + + substance radioactive + + traceur radioactif + + technique du traceur radioactif + déchet radioactif + + + gestion des déchets radioactifs + + radioactivité + radionucléide + + pollution naturelle de fond + + radon + chiffon + + véhicule ferroviaire + @@ -24033,6 +42903,7 @@ trafic ferroviaire + @@ -24040,10 +42911,14 @@ transport ferroviaire + + voie ferrée + + @@ -24051,48 +42926,68 @@ pluie + + forêt pluviale + + + rayonnement ambiant + piégeage de particules par des gouttes + + eau pluviale + + surélever un site + test aléatoire + colza + + train interurbain rapide + + espèce rare + + matière première + + @@ -24102,36 +42997,52 @@ consommation de matières premières + + protection des matières premières + + cinétique des réactions + réacteur + + + + sûreté des réacteurs + + + reboisement + + + bactérie + @@ -24140,37 +43051,53 @@ acceptabilité (par le voisinage) + technologie de l'ADN recombinant + recommandation + lit bactérien + + répertorier les substances + + rétablissement du paysage + + + restauration de la vie sauvage + + site abandonné + + + + @@ -24178,14 +43105,20 @@ bactéricide + + stratégie de recyclage + récréation + + + @@ -24197,6 +43130,11 @@ espace de loisirs + + + + + @@ -24205,16 +43143,25 @@ recyclabilité + + + plastique recyclable + + + matière recyclée + + + @@ -24222,11 +43169,16 @@ papier recyclé + + + recyclage + + @@ -24235,137 +43187,200 @@ gestion du recyclage + + loi sur la gestion du recyclage et les déchets + + bactériologie + + potentiel de recyclage + + rapport de recyclage + + recours + marée rouge + + réduction (chimie) + + roseau + récif + + + raffinerie + + + + raffinage + réflexion + étude de la lumière réfléchie + + + réfrigérant + + + industrie du froid + + + réfrigération + + réfrigérateur + + + zone de refuge + réfugié + véhicule de collecte des ordures + + + + déchet combustible + + + compost de boues résiduaires + + + régénération + remise en état d'anciennes installations industrielles + + + région + convention régionale + développement régional + loi régionale + schéma régional + + + planification régionale + @@ -24373,73 +43388,97 @@ règlement régional + statistiques régionales + + structure régionale + enregistrement + procédure d'enregistrement + + matière première renouvelable + + + règlement sur les valeurs maximales admissibles + + ordonnance + loi normative + bilan + contrôle réglementaire + réhabilitation + relogement + + réintroduction + + relation de cause à effet + dissémination d'organismes + + @@ -24449,24 +43488,35 @@ religion + groupe d'action + équilibrage des intérêts + + télédétection + + + + + + élimination + @@ -24474,16 +43524,23 @@ rétablissement de l'état naturel + + + source d'énergie renouvelable + + ressource renouvelable + + @@ -24491,37 +43548,52 @@ logement locatif + entreprise de réparation + + + substitution + frais de remplacement + processus de suivi + + + + représentation + retraitement du combustible irradié + + + reproduction + @@ -24531,10 +43603,12 @@ manipulation génétique + reptile + @@ -24543,11 +43617,16 @@ service de secours + + + + recherche + @@ -24562,6 +43641,9 @@ centre de recherche + + + @@ -24569,16 +43651,22 @@ projet de recherche + réserve biologique + + + bassin de retenue + + @@ -24586,12 +43674,17 @@ zone résidentielle + + + bâtiment d'habitation + + @@ -24600,18 +43693,26 @@ mesures de réduction de vitesse en zone résidentielle + + + + + quantité résiduelle d'eau + risque résiduel + déchêt résiduel + @@ -24621,38 +43722,52 @@ analyse des résidus + + + + + + activité bancaire + recyclage des résidus + résine + résistance (biologique) + résolution + résorption + + ressources + @@ -24664,11 +43779,18 @@ évaluation des ressources + + + conservation des ressources + + + + @@ -24680,6 +43802,7 @@ exploitation des ressources + @@ -24689,12 +43812,20 @@ réserve de ressources + + + + gestion des ressources + + + + @@ -24707,32 +43838,43 @@ respiration + air respiratoire + maladie respiratoire + interdiction d'épandre les eaux usées + + + appareil de protection respiratoire + + + système respiratoire + + @@ -24740,15 +43882,20 @@ voie respiratoire + + responsabilité + inversion de l'impact + + @@ -24756,113 +43903,163 @@ état d'hibernation + restauration + mesure de restauration + + baryum + limitation de production + + restriction concernant l'utilisation + commerce de détail + + bassin de rétention des crues + + traitement 'end of pipe' + retour à la nature + conteneur réutilisable + + + + + charbon actif + + réemploi de matériaux + + végétalisation + + + osmose inverse + + + + riz + + + droit de pétition + droit de propriété + droit de compensation + droit à l'information + + + baguage + rinçage + + + zone riveraine + + montée (géologique) + élévation du niveau de la mer + + + risque + @@ -24877,11 +44074,14 @@ analyse du risque + + évaluation du risque + @@ -24904,23 +44104,32 @@ analyse risques avantages + + communication en matière de risques + perception du risque + + réduction des risques + + fleuve + + @@ -24930,29 +44139,40 @@ développement de bassin fluvial + + canalisation de fleuves ou de rivières + + station de référence de surveillance + pollution de cours d'eau + + eau fluviale + route + + + @@ -24965,29 +44185,39 @@ construction routière + + entretien routier + base (chimie) + sécurité routière + + sel d'épandage + + trafic routier + + @@ -25000,14 +44230,21 @@ génie de la circulation routière + + transport routier + + roche + + + @@ -25021,70 +44258,97 @@ boue activée + + + besoins alimentaires de base + laine de roche + + rongeur + basicité + racine + four tournant + + + itinéraire + + planification de l'itinéraire + + + + caoutchouc + traitement du caoutchouc + industrie du caoutchouc + + + déchet de caoutchouc + basidiomycète + ruissellement + + @@ -25093,6 +44357,8 @@ espace rural + + @@ -25104,33 +44370,49 @@ milieu rural + + population rurale + + établissement rural + + + + tourisme rural + + + + approvisionnement en eau des zones rurales + + procédé discontinu + sécurité + @@ -25142,11 +44424,14 @@ analyse de sécurité + + mesure de sécurité + @@ -25170,12 +44455,16 @@ règle de sécurité + + norme de sécurité + + @@ -25183,28 +44472,40 @@ norme de sécurité des bâtiments + + étude de sûreté + + salamandre + ensalement + salmonelle + + teneur en sels + + + + @@ -25212,19 +44513,28 @@ charge en sel + + + schorre + + pré salé + + eau de baignade + + @@ -25234,15 +44544,20 @@ dôme de sel + + sels + eau salée + + @@ -25250,20 +44565,27 @@ valorisation de terres + + + échantillonnage + + technique d'échantillonnage + sanction + @@ -25273,49 +44595,75 @@ sable + + fixation des dunes de sable + + + + + dune de sable + extraction de sable + + sablière + + + équipement sanitaire + + + décharge contrôlée + + santé publique et assainissement + plan d'assainissement + + index saprobie + + + batterie + + @@ -25324,41 +44672,55 @@ saprobie + + satellite + épargne + + + sciure + élimination des batteries + + schistosomiase + établissement scolaire + + enseignement scolaire + science + @@ -25376,24 +44738,33 @@ information scientifique et technique + coopération scientifique + + politique scientifique + procédure de définition + + matériau de rebut + + + @@ -25403,34 +44774,47 @@ marché des matériaux de rebut + + prix des matériaux de rebut + + ferraille + + + carcasse de véhicule + baie + + mise sous écran protecteur + + mer + @@ -25442,39 +44826,61 @@ fond marin + + + exploitation des fonds marins + + + extraction minière sur le fonds marin + + circulation maritime + + plage + + niveau de la mer + + elevation du niveau de la mer + + + étanchéification + + + + + @@ -25482,14 +44888,23 @@ appareil pour sceller + + + + + embouchure + + ressource marine + + @@ -25497,52 +44912,70 @@ littoral maritime + + saison + migration saisonnière + eau de mer + dessalement de l'eau de mer + + protection de l'eau de mer + + biotope secondaire + + enseignement secondaire + secteur secondaire + échouage + marchandise d'occasion + + + secteur économique + @@ -25550,24 +44983,34 @@ sécurité des installations + + bassin de sédimentation + + sédimentation (décantation) + + sédimentation + + sédiment + + @@ -25578,88 +45021,124 @@ transport de solides + + graine + désinfection des semences + + + percolation + + + percolat + + + activité sismique + surveillance des activités sismiques + + + raz de marée + + saisie (droit) + saisie des bénéfices + sélection de technologie + + élevage de races animalières sélectionnées + croisement génétique des plantes + sélénium + programme d'auto-aide + auto-surveillance + + + autoépuration + + + écosystème des terres semi-arides + + semi-conducteur + + @@ -25667,14 +45146,20 @@ produit semi-manufacturé + + protection des abeilles + + + semi-métal + @@ -25682,30 +45167,39 @@ zone sensible + + calcul de sensibilité + collecte sélective des déchets + bétail de boucherie + + tri à la source + séparateur + + @@ -25713,30 +45207,38 @@ fosse septique + + mise sous sequestre + serpent + zone de service + + abeille + secteur des services + @@ -25760,6 +45262,8 @@ concentration de peuplement + + @@ -25772,29 +45276,45 @@ expansion urbaine anarchique + + + décanteur + + eau usée + + déversement des eaux usées + + champ d'épandage + + + + + boue d'égout + + @@ -25806,15 +45326,22 @@ système d'épuration des eaux usées + + + coléoptère + réseau d'égouts + + + @@ -25823,10 +45350,12 @@ coquillage + comportement + @@ -25834,14 +45363,19 @@ appareil de protection + + + culture itinérante + bateau + @@ -25852,14 +45386,22 @@ construction navale + + + accident de navigation + + + + activité des substances + @@ -25868,27 +45410,41 @@ ordures des navires + + + élimination des déchets des navires + + + stand de tir + + + + magasin + + + modèle de comportement + @@ -25899,54 +45455,76 @@ centre commercial + + + spectacle + + organisme utile + + + broyeur + + détritus de déchiquetage + arbuste + gare de triage + + syndrome de l'immeuble insalubre + + + effet secondaire + + effet secondaire des médicaments + + tamisage + @@ -25954,30 +45532,43 @@ silencieux + + + silicium + + silo + + + + limon + + argent + participation active + @@ -25985,6 +45576,8 @@ simulation + + @@ -25993,51 +45586,76 @@ frittage + + choix du site + + + calibrage + + skier + peau + + dégradation du paysage + + domaine benthique + + + scorie + abattoir + + + + déchets d'abattoirs + + abattage des animaux + + + @@ -26045,43 +45663,63 @@ sommeil + + écosystème benthique + + trouble du sommeil + talus + boue + + + digestion des boues + + + + incinération des boues + + + bassin d'évacuation des boues de décantation + + traitement des boues + + @@ -26090,86 +45728,121 @@ écluse + + + petites et moyennes industries + + benthos + + petites îles + chambre de combustion à petite échelle + + + inducteur de petite taille + smog + benzène + alerte au brouillard de fumée + + + + + fumée + + prévention des émanations de fumée + + tabagisme + + + + colubridés + neige + + benzopyrène + avalanche + trempage + savon + comportement social + @@ -26193,6 +45866,7 @@ condition sociale + @@ -26204,19 +45878,24 @@ coût social + + internalisation des coûts externes + développement social + différenciation sociale + @@ -26224,6 +45903,7 @@ dynamique sociale + @@ -26234,11 +45914,14 @@ dispositif social + + groupe social + @@ -26254,12 +45937,17 @@ indicateur social + intervention sur les terres + + + + @@ -26281,39 +45969,49 @@ médecine sociale + + + conduite sociale + mouvement social + participation sociale + politique sociale + béryllium + problème social + processus sociaux + @@ -26322,21 +46020,25 @@ aide sociale + sécurité sociale + service social + structure sociale + @@ -26344,29 +46046,37 @@ enquête sociale + système social + rayonnement beta + valeur sociale + + bien-être social + + société (humaine) + @@ -26381,32 +46091,45 @@ aspects socio-économiques des établissements humains + + + facteur socio-économique + + impact socio-économique des biotechnologies + + + industrie des boissons + + étude sociologique + sociologie + + @@ -26414,6 +46137,7 @@ aspect socio-politique + @@ -26422,25 +46146,33 @@ adoucissement + + + boisson + adoucisseur + + logiciel + sol + @@ -26458,25 +46190,36 @@ acidification des sols + + + atmosphere du sol + analyse des sols + + + biologie du sol + + + capacité du sol + @@ -26484,37 +46227,52 @@ chimie des sols + + + compactage du sol + état pédologique + conservation du sol + + législation en matière de protection du sol + + + déterioration du sol + décontamination des sols + + + dégradation du sol + @@ -26522,20 +46280,27 @@ érosion du sol + + bibliographie + fertilité du sol + + fertilisation + + @@ -26543,36 +46308,51 @@ formation du sol + + amendement du sol + + couches de sol + capacité de charge du sol + + carte pédologique + + mécanique des sols + + minéralogie du sol + + + humidité du sol + @@ -26580,24 +46360,32 @@ régime d'humidité du sol + organisme du sol + + polluant des sols + + bicyclette + pollution du sol + + @@ -26605,6 +46393,7 @@ processus du sol + @@ -26618,6 +46407,7 @@ profil du sol + @@ -26625,19 +46415,27 @@ qualité du sol + + ressources du sol + + salinisation du sol + + sciences du sol + + @@ -26646,34 +46444,45 @@ tassement + stabilisation du sol + structure du sol + affaissement du sol + + + étanchéité de la surface du sol + + + texture du sol + type de sol + @@ -26681,31 +46490,40 @@ acte législatif + utilisation du sol + + eau du sol + cellule solaire + + capteur solaire + + énergie solaire + @@ -26713,21 +46531,30 @@ technologie de l'énergie solaire + + chauffage solaire + + centrale solaire + + + rayonnement solaire + + @@ -26735,10 +46562,12 @@ matière solide + état solide + @@ -26746,19 +46575,24 @@ convention bilaterale + déchet solide + mise en décharge de déchets solides + solubilité + + @@ -26766,28 +46600,47 @@ solvant + + récupération du solvant + + + + + passereaux (passeriformes) + bang supersonique + + + suie + + + sorption + + + + + @@ -26796,6 +46649,7 @@ son + @@ -26805,81 +46659,107 @@ émission acoustique + + nuisance sonore + + niveau sonore + mesure du niveau sonore + huile de fond de cale + + + insonorisation + propagation du son + transmission du son + Amérique du Sud + Océan atlantique Sud + Asie du Sud-Est + eau de fond de cale + + + Afrique du Sud + Asie du Sud + Océan pacifique Sud + espace (interplanétaire) + transport spatial + + astronautique (vols spatiaux) + + @@ -26887,39 +46767,52 @@ déchets de l'espace (issus de l'activité spatiale) + + croup spasmodique + mobilité spatiale + + autorisation spéciale + spécialisation (biologique) + loi spéciale + bioaccumulation + + + déchet spécial + + @@ -26928,6 +46821,7 @@ espèce + @@ -26941,70 +46835,104 @@ conservation des espèces + + programme de conservation des espèces + + appauvrissement des espèces + réintroduction des espèces + + spectroscopie + + + + vitesse + + + limitation de vitesse + araignée + véhicule abandonné + + polluant bioaccumulatif + + fuite et écoulement accidentels + + + rejets humides (industrie minière) + + + + éponge + sport + + + + infrastructure sportive + + @@ -27012,55 +46940,77 @@ bombe aérosol + biodisponibilité + poussière d'amiante + + + source + eau de source + arrosage par aspersion + + carré + + + occupation sauvage de logement + + + étang de stabilisation + + étable + + + cheminées, conduites et gaines d'évacuation + norme + @@ -27073,25 +47023,34 @@ normalisation + normes et règles de l'industrie du bâtiment + + aliments de base + + amidon + + + état + @@ -27100,26 +47059,36 @@ état de l'art + + données sur l'état de l'environnement + + rapport sur l'état de l'environnement + + méthode biochimique + + état de déchet + état de la matière + @@ -27128,17 +47097,22 @@ gare + + + analyse statistique + données statistiques + @@ -27148,6 +47122,7 @@ statistiques + @@ -27159,11 +47134,18 @@ statistiques portant sur les déchets + + + + niveau de développement + + + @@ -27171,82 +47153,116 @@ restriction statutaire des prescriptions + entreprise publique + bruit continu + + générateur de vapeur + + acier + + industrie de l'acier + stérilisation (processus) + + + + stéroïde + budget d'encouragement + + peuplement (biologique) + espèce capable de s'adapter + gestion des stocks + inventaire (du stock) + + pierre + + + barrage de retenue + + tempête + + + dégât des tempêtes + + + + processus biochimique + @@ -27257,24 +47273,37 @@ étuve + + + stratification + + + + stratosphère + + appauvrissement de l'ozone stratosphérique + + + substance biochimique + @@ -27290,64 +47319,91 @@ mesure du courant (dans un cours d'eau) + nettoyage des rues + + + + résistance des matériaux + stress + + + exploitation minière par couches à ciel ouvert + + strontium + programme d'ajustement structurel + relation structure activité + + + + bruit de structure + biochimie + + schéma directeur d'aménagement + + + morphologie sous-marine + sous-marin + biocide + + @@ -27358,147 +47414,209 @@ commande ultérieure + affaissement + + subvention + + sous-sol + drainage du sous-sol + + substituabilité + + + + substitution de composés halogénés + + + + substitution des phosphates + + culture sur substrat + écosystème subtropical + + bioclimatologie + + + banlieue + + + sucre + + industrie du sucre + + + biocénose + sulphate + sulfure + soufre + facteur de bioconcentration + + + concentration en soufre + + + dioxyde de soufre + + acide sulfurique + oxyde de soufre + biodégradabilité + + supervision de travaux de construction + + surveillance d'installations + + corps de tutelle + offre + + agent tensio-actif + + ruissellement de surface + + tension superficielle + traitement de surface + eau de surface + @@ -27513,23 +47631,31 @@ polluant biodégradable + + déchet anatomique + + surplus + surveillance + enquête + + @@ -27538,6 +47664,8 @@ développement durable + + @@ -27548,10 +47676,14 @@ indicateur de développement durable + utilisation durable + + + @@ -27559,22 +47691,28 @@ marais + édulcorant + + symbiose + biodégradation + + @@ -27583,6 +47721,8 @@ synécologie + + @@ -27598,25 +47738,35 @@ synergie + + + + effet synergique des produits toxiques + + détergent synthétique + industrie des fibres synthétiques + + diversité biologique + @@ -27627,90 +47777,123 @@ matière synthétique + industrie de transformation des matières synthétiques + + fibre textile synthétique + analyse de système + comparaison de systèmes + + théorie des systèmes + + instruction (droit) + camion citerne + navire-citerne + + parc de stockage + + tannin + + goudron + + + groupe-cible + + période d'adaptation + bioéthique + + + tarif + + + production de goudron + sable asphaltique + emploi du goudron + taxe + @@ -27719,6 +47902,7 @@ taxation + @@ -27728,18 +47912,23 @@ différenciation fiscale + loi fiscale + + taxonomie + enseignement + @@ -27747,19 +47936,29 @@ biogaz + + + + + méthode d'enseignement + TRGS + + cycle biogéochimique + + @@ -27768,6 +47967,8 @@ changement technologique + + @@ -27775,10 +47976,13 @@ développement technologique + + risque technologique + @@ -27787,11 +47991,13 @@ procédé technologique + technologie + @@ -27808,114 +48014,160 @@ biogéochimie + acceptation des technologies + + évaluation des technologies + + transfert de technologie + + + + tectonique + + télécommunication + + régions biogéographiques + télématique + télémétrie + + télévision + + biogéographie + + + écosystème des zones tempérées + + forêt des zones tempérées + + région à forêt tempérée + + température + + logement provisoire + abri provisoire + stockage temporaire + + + tératogenèse + dépistage de la tératogénèse + teratogénicité + + agent tératogène + + + terminologie + + termites + zone terrestre + @@ -27937,10 +48189,13 @@ ressources biologiques de la terre + écosystème terrestre + + @@ -27962,27 +48217,35 @@ activité biologique + politique territoriale + addition chimique + territoire + + secteur tertiaire + + test + @@ -27995,21 +48258,26 @@ animal de laboratoire + + analyse biologique + procédure de test recommandée + méthode de test + @@ -28024,59 +48292,84 @@ organisme de test + + attribut biologique + industrie textile + + textile + thallium + théorie monétaire + théorie de l'Etat providence + + + thérapie + isolation thermique + pollution thermique + + + + centrale thermique + + + énergie thalassothermique + + traitement thermique + + + @@ -28084,49 +48377,74 @@ eau thermale + + thermodynamique + + + procédé "Thermosélect" + + + + thésaurus + développement biologique + seuil (valeur) + + + + + énergie marémotrice + + + eau de marée + + marée + + industrie du bois + + @@ -28134,11 +48452,15 @@ temps (durée) + + + effet biologique + @@ -28149,11 +48471,14 @@ étain + tissu (corporel) + + @@ -28161,45 +48486,65 @@ titane + dioxyde de titane + crapaud + tabac + + fumée de tabac + génie biologique + + + tornade + + + tortue terrestre + paramètre total + + + + tourisme + + + @@ -28214,6 +48559,8 @@ équipement touristique + + @@ -28228,15 +48575,24 @@ zone touristique + + effet toxique + + + + toxicité + + + @@ -28251,34 +48607,50 @@ toxicité des pesticides + métal toxique + + évaluation toxicologique + + + + test toxicologique + + toxicologie + + produit toxique + + + substance toxique + + @@ -28286,36 +48658,48 @@ déchet toxique + + + + toxine + + élément trace + substances-traces et résidus + trachéophyte + indicateur biologique + programme de suivi + commerce + @@ -28337,54 +48721,75 @@ permis négociable + + + commerce et consommation + + + barrière commerciale + + commerce (économique) + + influence du commerce sur l'environnement + politique commerciale + commercial + + relation commerciale + + + restriction commerciale + + syndicat + culture traditionnelle + @@ -28393,10 +48798,12 @@ médecine traditionnelle + trafic + @@ -28417,21 +48824,31 @@ accident de la route + + contrôle de la circulation + + + mesure pour le contrôle de la circulation + + émission des véhicules à moteur + + + @@ -28439,11 +48856,16 @@ génie de l'infrastructure routière + + infrastructure routière + + + @@ -28464,25 +48886,37 @@ encombrements + surveillance du trafic + + bruit routier + + + lutte contre le bruit routier + + + + trafic fluvial + + @@ -28493,20 +48927,28 @@ itinéraire à grande circulation + + + emballage supplémentaire + + + train + formation + @@ -28514,11 +48956,19 @@ centre de formation + + + surveillance biologique + + + + + @@ -28527,30 +48977,39 @@ trajectoire + + fixation biologique de l'azote + pollution transfrontalière + + + arrangement transitoire + établissement transitoire + élément de transition + @@ -28569,28 +49028,42 @@ transpiration + entreprise de transports + + + transport par pipeline + + + + politique du transport + + + méthode biologique de lutte contre les nuisibles + transport + + @@ -28608,6 +49081,9 @@ planification des transports + + + @@ -28615,17 +49091,24 @@ polluant biologique + + transport (physique) + + + + système de transport + @@ -28633,32 +49116,45 @@ piégeage + + + voyage + + frais de voyage + + + pollution biologique + + traité + arbre + + @@ -28671,10 +49167,13 @@ pépinière + + processus biologique + @@ -28695,6 +49194,7 @@ tendance + @@ -28705,28 +49205,37 @@ triazine + irrigation goutte par goutte + trinité de principes + + production biologique + tritium + niveau trophique + + + @@ -28735,97 +49244,145 @@ écosystème des zones tropicales + + écosystème de la forêt tropicale + + forêt tropicale + + forêt tropicale humide + + + tropiques + + troposphère + + ozone troposphérique + + + polymère d'addition + route à grande circulation + + tumeur + toundra + + tunnel + + turbidité + + + turbine + + + pétrolier à réservoir d'entrepont + + catamaran + + + + moteur à deux temps + + + type d'affaires + + type de demande + type de management + + typhon + + ressource biologique + + @@ -28836,64 +49393,92 @@ pneu + ultrafiltration + + + + ultrason + rayonnement ultraviolet + + Conférence des Nations-Unies sur l'environnement et le développement + décharge sauvage + + + étanchéité de base de décharge + + + + stockage souterrain + + métro + + population sous-privilégiée + entreprise commerciale + + déversoir sous-marin + + chômage + + ongulé + @@ -28903,37 +49488,55 @@ Nations Unies + épuration biologique des effluents gazeux + + carburant sans plomb + + + + + zone d'air pur + + eau non traitée + + éducation (formation) + + + Sénat + traitement biologique des déchets + + @@ -28941,11 +49544,14 @@ uranium + programme d'action urbaine + + @@ -28953,6 +49559,7 @@ zone urbaine + @@ -28962,25 +49569,37 @@ additif + + arme biologique + + dégradation urbaine + + urbanisme + + + développement urbain + + + @@ -28997,14 +49616,21 @@ droit de l'urbanisme + + écosystème urbain + + + biologie + + @@ -29023,14 +49649,22 @@ installation urbaine + + flux urbains + + + + espaces verts + + @@ -29038,22 +49672,34 @@ bioluminescence + + urbanisation + + paysage urbain + + gestion urbaine + + planification urbaine + + + + @@ -29062,6 +49708,7 @@ biomasse + @@ -29076,6 +49723,8 @@ politique urbaine + + @@ -29084,23 +49733,36 @@ pollution de la ville + + population urbaine + + rénovation urbaine + + + assainissement urbain + + ensemble résidentiel urbain + + + + @@ -29114,10 +49776,16 @@ stress urbain + + + structure urbaine + + + @@ -29125,10 +49793,17 @@ étude urbaine + + trafic urbain + + + + + @@ -29136,6 +49811,9 @@ energie de la biomasse + + + @@ -29145,42 +49823,62 @@ eaux de ville + + alimentation en eau de la ville + Ursidae + pneu usagé + + utilisation du temps libre + + avantage de l'utilisateur + utlisation du pouvoir calorifique + utilisation des ressources locales + utilisation des pesticides + + + + + + utilisation des ressources + + + @@ -29196,96 +49894,135 @@ biophysique + + + notion juridique indéfinie + vallée + + bioréacteur + + + + composante valorisée d'un écosystème + + vanadium + vandalisme + espèce disparue + + tension de vapeur + + + vernis + biorythme + vecteurs de maladies humaines + + couverture végétale + + culture maraîchère + biosécurité + + écologie végétale + + amélioration des plantes + huile végétale + + + reproduction végétale + + ressource végétale + + biosphère + @@ -29295,12 +50032,16 @@ légume + + déchet végétal + + @@ -29308,6 +50049,7 @@ végétation + @@ -29316,11 +50058,13 @@ type de végétation + véhicule + @@ -29336,36 +50080,51 @@ gaz d'échappement + + + inspection des véhicules + + industrie de véhicules + + + réserve de biosphère + + + ventilation + + vermine + vertébré + @@ -29377,6 +50136,8 @@ biosynthèse + + @@ -29384,45 +50145,66 @@ médecine vétérinaire + + viaduc + + vibration + vidéo + village + + + vinasse + + + virologie + + + virus + + viscosité + + biotechnologie + + @@ -29434,64 +50216,89 @@ vitamine + + viticulture + facteur biotique + vocabulaire + formation professionnelle + composé organique volatil + + volatilité + + + région volcanique + + + + éruption volcanique + + adhésif + + volcanisme + volcan + + + revenu issu des déchets + + @@ -29500,6 +50307,8 @@ biotope + + @@ -29508,55 +50317,76 @@ bénévolat + vulcanisation + espèce vulnérable + + mer des Wadden + + + réseau de biotope + + + système de salaires + + mur + guerre + + protection de biotope + + + animal à sang chaud + plan d'alerte + système d'alerte + @@ -29564,21 +50394,29 @@ gaspillage + + déchets + + effluent gazeux + + traitement des effluents gazeux + + @@ -29586,26 +50424,36 @@ analyse des déchets + + capacité d'assimilation des déchets + + + bilan des déchets + + + poubelle + catégorie de déchets + @@ -29671,18 +50519,25 @@ + redevance sur les déchêts + + classification des déchets + + collecte des déchets + + @@ -29690,24 +50545,34 @@ collecte des déchets à la source + + composition des déchets + technique de conversion des déchets + + dégazage des déchets + + élimination des déchets + + + @@ -29725,35 +50590,56 @@ loi relative à l'élimination des déchets + + + coût de l'élimination des déchets + + enfouissement des déchets + frais d'élimination des déchets + + décharge + + + mise en décharge des déchets + + + bourse de déchets + + + exportation de déchets + + + + @@ -29762,6 +50648,10 @@ centrale fonctionnant en cogénération + + + + @@ -29769,14 +50659,24 @@ centrale de chauffage alimentée par des déchets + + + + centrale électrique alimentée par des déchets + + + + effluent gazeux + + @@ -29788,6 +50688,8 @@ émission d'effluents gazeux + + @@ -29805,25 +50707,39 @@ analyse des effluents gazeux + + + réduction des émissions d'effluents gazeux + + + verre usagé + + déchets de gypse + + chaleur résiduelle + + + + @@ -29831,26 +50747,44 @@ charge en chaleur résiduelle (qui pèse sur l'environnement) + + + + + utilisation de la chaleur résiduelle + + + permis d'importation des déchets + + + incinérateur de déchets + + + + + législation en matière de déchets + + @@ -29859,6 +50793,9 @@ gestion des déchets + + + @@ -29877,44 +50814,61 @@ minimisation des déchets + + potentiel de minimisation des déchets + + huile usagée + papier usagé + dose journalière admissible + + + industrie de traitement des déchets + + + valorisation des déchets + + récupération des déchets + + + @@ -29925,37 +50879,53 @@ recyclage des déchets + + réduction des déchets + + industrie d'enlèvement des déchets + + + + tri des déchets + stockage des déchets + + + transport de déchets + + + oiseau + @@ -29967,6 +50937,8 @@ traitement des déchets + + @@ -29988,11 +50960,17 @@ usine de traitement des déchets + + + + utilisation des déchets + + @@ -30001,10 +50979,13 @@ volume des déchets + eau usée + + @@ -30020,22 +51001,33 @@ + redevance sur les eaux usées + + + rejet d'eaux usées + + refuge des oiseaux + + + évacuation des eaux usées + + @@ -30045,39 +51037,54 @@ eaux usées résiduaires industrielles + législation en matière d'eaux usées + + charge en eaux usées + + épuration des eaux usées + + qualité des eaux usées + + + réduction des rejets (d'eau usée) + rapace + boues résiduaires de traitement des eaux + + + @@ -30085,10 +51092,17 @@ statistiques sur les eaux usées + + + + + traitement des eaux usées + + @@ -30113,6 +51127,9 @@ station d'épuration des eaux usées + + + @@ -30121,39 +51138,53 @@ analyse de l'eau + + bilan hydrologique + espèce d'avifaune + entité hydrologique + + fond de l'eau + + captage d'eau + conservation de l'eau + + consommation d'eau + + + @@ -30161,6 +51192,8 @@ cours d'eau + + @@ -30171,11 +51204,18 @@ besoin en eau + + + + réseau de distribution d'eau + + + @@ -30187,6 +51227,8 @@ risque sur la qualité de l'eau + + @@ -30194,69 +51236,97 @@ érosion par l'eau + extraction d'eau + + + régulation des naissances + cascade + + puce d'eau + régime hydrologique + + eau à usage agricole + + eau propre à la consommation + + + eau industrielle + + avifaune aquatique + dureté de l'eau + + jacinthe d'eau + niveau d'eau + + sol saturé (engorgé) d'eau + + + gestion de l'eau + + @@ -30270,6 +51340,10 @@ surveillance de l'eau + + + + @@ -30278,10 +51352,15 @@ polluant de l'eau + + + pollution de l'eau + + @@ -30295,10 +51374,15 @@ prévention de la pollution de l'eau + + + protection de l'eau + + @@ -30307,33 +51391,47 @@ directive relative à la protection de l'eau + + législation en matière de protection de l'eau + + pompe à eau + bitume + + épuration de l'eau + + usine de potabilisation de l'eau + + + qualité de l'eau + + @@ -30351,54 +51449,81 @@ directive relative à la qualité de l'eau + + gestion de la qualité de l'eau + + gestion de la quantité d'eau + + syndicat des eaux + + ressource en eau + + préservation des ressources hydrologiques + + + développement des ressources hydrologiques + + + réutilisation de l'eau + + + augmentation 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animali + + + spostamento di animali + + + cantiere di costruzione + + + + fregolatoio + + + habitat animale + + nidificazione + popolazione animale + preparazione di un terreno a scopo edilizio + riproduzione animale + + sopravvivenza + specie endemica + latifoglia + + prateria marina + + + macrofita + tecnologia edile + + rifiuto edile + + @@ -968,41 +11805,56 @@ vegetazione riparia + + castagno + sistema di drenaggio artificiale + + + graminacee + + posidonia + piano vegetazionale + + ambiente costruito + + popolazione vegetale + struttura edificata + @@ -1011,18 +11863,24 @@ arboreto + + + corologia + collezione di varietà + area edificata + @@ -1032,186 +11890,267 @@ riserva animale + + riserva botanica + + introduzione di animali + + introduzione di piante + + patrimonio animale + + patrimonio vegetale + + coltivazione di bulbi + protezione degli animali (politica ambientale) + + reintroduzione di animali + + + reintroduzione di specie vegetali + + + imboschimento + albero abbattuto dal vento + + potatura + sfruttamento forestale + foresta di montagna + + foresta demaniale + + + foresta mediterranea + + + foresta privata + + + fustaia + + macchia + giurisdizione amministrativa + prato secco + + vivaio + + + protezione della foresta + + + rigenerazione naturale + + pianta resinosa + + ceduo composto + + gioco + + selvaggina grossa + molluschicoltura + + burocratizzazione + ostricoltura + + pesca professionale + + riserva nazionale di pesca + + + azione socio-educativa + concorso (esame) + formazione continua + formazione iniziale + pedagogia + + diritto amministrativo + + mestiere ambientale + autobus + + + funzione pubblica + @@ -1228,12 +12167,14 @@ organizzazione del lavoro + impresa + @@ -1243,11 +12184,17 @@ centro ricreativo + + + attrezzatura collettiva + + + @@ -1262,50 +12209,76 @@ pista ciclabile + + + pista di sci + + + itinerario turistico + + + + ecomuseo + + folclore + frequentazione del pubblico + + frequentazione turistica + + + alloggio rurale + + + fornitura di alloggio + + pubblico (n.) + sentiero + + @@ -1316,70 +12289,104 @@ sentiero costiero + + + sentiero pedagogico + + + stazione balneare + + + farfalle diurne + stazione di montagna + + stazione di sport invernali + + + + + unità turistica + + veicolo fuoristrada + + + densità della popolazione + giovane + + pila a bottone + + popolazione attiva + sfruttamento razionale del tempo + bene durevole + bene non durevole + pesca accessoria + beni + + @@ -1390,42 +12397,60 @@ beni e servizi + + + bilancio preventivo a termine + ambiente di vita + + ciclo di vita di un prodotto + marchio di qualità ecologica + + + certificazione della qualità + + + livello di vita + sottoprodotto + + domanda e offerta + + @@ -1436,80 +12461,108 @@ diseguaglianza ecologica + + diseguaglianza sociale + mito + atteggiamento NIMBY + + psicosociologia + + rappresentazione sociale + sentimento per la natura + + socioeconomia + + + cavo + + accesso a documenti amministrativi + atto amministrativo + + amministrazione territoriale + aiuto alla decisione + competenza ministeriale + cittadino + ente locale + comunità territoriale + + dibattito parlamentare + fattore abiotico + @@ -1517,154 +12570,208 @@ cadmio + motivazione degli atti amministrativi + contaminazione da cadmio + piano economico + + principio di sussidiarietà + cesio + aiuto finanziario + aiuto internazionale + aiuto pubblico + + contabilità nazionale + conto complementare + spesa delle famiglie + + spesa pubblica + + fondo d'intervento + fondo finanziario + Fondo Monetario Europeo + Fondo Monetario Internazionale + incentivo economico + incentivo fiscale + + prodotto interno lordo + tassa una tantum + + analisi del ciclo produttivo + + + audit + + + valutazione del patrimonio naturale + + + costo dell'acqua + + ecomarketing + gestione patrimoniale + investimento antinquinamento + + mercato dell'ambiente + + + premio antinquinamento + + tariffazione dell'acqua + + teoria dell'ambiente + attività commerciale + sviluppo locale + studio di mercato + procedura amministrativa + @@ -1697,43 +12804,64 @@ libero scambio + + paese meno sviluppato + + rapporto nord-sud + + calcio + calcolo + + densità + + distribuzione spaziale + + + dati economici + + contenuto in calcio + + + indice + + @@ -1741,49 +12869,63 @@ censimento + serie statistica + sondaggio d'opinione + metodo di calcolo + + tasso + variazione stagionale + + comitato scientifico + + controversia scientifica + calibratura + ricerca applicata + ricerca scientifica + @@ -1799,35 +12941,46 @@ calibratura degli apparecchi di misura + agronomia + agrosistema + calamità agricola + + deprezzamento agricolo + + sviluppo rurale + + idraulica agricola + tecnica colturale + @@ -1848,65 +13001,89 @@ coltura foraggiera + orticoltura su larga scala + + semente + trattamento delle colture + trattamento fitosanitario + avicoltura + tecnica di allevamento + transumanza + + sanzione amministrativa + ammendante minerale + + + prosciugamento del suolo + + coltura su terreno debbiato + + gesso (minerale) + + + fertilizzante azotato + + + @@ -1914,10 +13091,15 @@ campeggio (attività) + + fertilizzante fosfatico + + + @@ -1926,6 +13108,9 @@ fertilizzante potassico + + + @@ -1933,49 +13118,73 @@ depurazione attraverso il suolo + + + lisciviazione del suolo + + + materia minerale + + + materia organica + + + + campeggio (area) + + + sistema di drenaggio + rete d'irrigazione + + salinità del suolo + + valore agronomico + sfruttamento razionale della montagna + + @@ -1983,62 +13192,89 @@ pianificazione rurale + sfruttamento razionale dell'attività turistica + unità forestale + + progetto di apparecchiatura + + accesso + canale + + + stazione ferroviaria + + stazione autolinee + + + materiale per costruzioni stradali + + + opera d'arte + rete ferroviaria + + + rete stradale + + + navigazione (in generale) + + @@ -2048,51 +13284,76 @@ traffico marittimo + + + trasporto combinato + cancro + comunità urbana + + documento urbanistico + + spazio periurbano + + abitazione individuale + + + piano di uso del suolo + + + + pianificazione strutturale urbana + regime fondiario + + + + rischio di cancro + + @@ -2100,47 +13361,66 @@ città nuova + + zona di prelazione + + + zona d'intervento fondiario + + canidi + architettura rurale + architettura tradizionale + distruzione di edificio + ingegneria urbana + + restauro di edificio + + + + dichiarazione regolamentare + standard di qualità + @@ -2148,14 +13428,17 @@ standard europeo + standard ISO + regolamentazione tecnica + @@ -2170,55 +13453,75 @@ codifica + dottrina + diritto dei trasporti + + diritto rurale + + diritti degli animali + + + + diritti delle generazioni future + + diritti dei cittadini + + automobile + notifica + + lettera circolare + decisione comunitaria + provvedimento + @@ -2227,16 +13530,21 @@ istruzione amministrativa + + istruzione tecnica + + diritto + @@ -2277,26 +13585,34 @@ licenza di caccia + + licenza edilizia + + licenza di pesca + + progetto di legge + regolamento + @@ -2318,62 +13634,82 @@ trasposizione di direttiva + concessione + dibattito pubblico + dichiarazione di pubblica utilità + + proprietà privata (condizione) + demanio fluviale + + + demanio marittimo + + + + diritto di passaggio + inchiesta di pubblica utilità + inchiesta pubblica + gestione delegata + controllo statale + servitù + crimine + @@ -2383,34 +13719,43 @@ potere di polizia + procedura penale + sentenza + conflitto + + contenzioso + corte amministrativa + Corte di giustizia delle Comunità Europee + giustizia + @@ -2419,22 +13764,27 @@ processo (legislazione) + carboidrati + + tribunale + carbonio + @@ -2444,117 +13794,161 @@ contratto di affitto + certificazione + + omologazione + carbonato + notifica (azione) + prelazione + + + prescrizione + repressione + devoluzione + flusso dell'inquinante + interfaccia aria-mare + + + + migrazione di inquinante + inquinamento accidentale + inquinamento batteriologico + + ciclo del carbonio + inquinamento diffuso + inquinamento domestico + + inquinamento minerale + + inquinamento organico + inquinamento fotochimico + + + inquinamento tellurico + + + inquinamento tossico + + emissione in corso d'acqua + + + smaltimento nel sottosuolo + + emissione urbana + + misura di prevenzione + @@ -2568,6 +13962,7 @@ misura di protezione + @@ -2578,21 +13973,27 @@ acidità forte + biomarcatore + contaminazione biologica + + contaminazione chimica + + @@ -2603,6 +14004,9 @@ effetto biologico dell'inquinamento + + + @@ -2610,6 +14014,8 @@ diossido di carbonio + + @@ -2618,38 +14024,62 @@ irreversibilità del fenomeno + + obiettivo di qualità + particella solida + + + + potere depuratore + + + + + tassa sulla CO2 + + + sonda + + strumentazione + + metrologia + satellite da osservazione + + + + @@ -2658,11 +14088,13 @@ atrazina + azoto organico + @@ -2670,86 +14102,115 @@ composto alogenato + monossido di carbonio + + monossido di zolfo + piralene + asbestosi + genotossicità + + intossicazione + + eliminazione di carogne + + test biologico + + carbonio organico totale + + + degradazione chimica + test di laboratorio + indice biotico + sostanza ossidabile + ossigeno disciolto + + fotodegradazione + sostanza insolubile + sostanza non volatile + + sostanza poco degradabile + + @@ -2757,47 +14218,60 @@ sostanza volatile + + aggressività chimica + analisi chimico-fisica + + cancerogenicità + studio sperimentale + granulometria + test sulla carcinogenità + + prelievo + prodotto chimico + + @@ -2833,80 +14307,106 @@ prodotto infiammabile + proprietà organolettiche + + carcinogeno + + + sistema uditivo + + sistema cardiovascolare + + cardiologia + + malattia cardiovascolare + enterovirus + + biologia animale + biologia vegetale + + patrimonio genetico + acuità uditiva + + decibel + qualità acustica + Area Caraibica + spettro del rumore + carnivori + @@ -2916,56 +14416,85 @@ vibrazione meccanica + + rumore aereo + + rumore di fondo + rumore di rotolamento + + rumore di vicinato + + comfort acustico + + piano di esposizione al rumore + + + + centrale mareomotrice + + + + energia idroelettrica + + microcentrale + + + mulino ad acqua + + + + capacità portante dell'ambiente + @@ -2975,24 +14504,39 @@ effetto rimbalzo + + declassamento di centrale + + + + adsorbimento + + + + + cartografia + + radioelemento + + @@ -3002,14 +14546,21 @@ reattore veloce + + + + zona contaminata + + aerosol atmosferico + @@ -3018,10 +14569,17 @@ pneumatico per automobile + + + + biocarburante + + + @@ -3033,139 +14591,195 @@ deperimento forestale + + + + etanolo + inquinamento da automobili + + + ricaduta atmosferica + + veicolo ecologico + + coltivazione commerciale + paleoclimatologia + + clima continentale + clima desertico + clima equatoriale + clima mediterraneo + clima montano + clima oceanico + clima temperato + clima tropicale + inversione atmosferica + temporale + + + catalisi + gelicidio + + sfruttamento della falda + + infiltrazione di acqua nel suolo + + adulto + + catalizzatore + + falda freatica + + protezione della captazione + + + protezione delle falde + + + marmitta catalitico + + + + deflusso della piena + interrimento di invaso + + idrometria + + catastrofe + @@ -3173,18 +14787,26 @@ previsione delle piene + + rete idrografica + sedimentologia + + bacino idrografico + + + @@ -3195,27 +14817,42 @@ area di raccolta delle acque + + + acqua dolce idonea a balneazione + + + acque demaniali + + acque non demaniali + + + torbiera acida + desalinazione dell'acqua + + + @@ -3223,56 +14860,83 @@ acqua marina idonea a balneazione + + + emissario in mare + sfruttamento degli oceani + + mareggio + + inquinamento di estuario + + + sfruttamento razionale dei corsi d'acqua + + + spurgo + conca (navigazione) + + + educazione degli adulti + resa del pescato + ripulitura della vegetazione rivierasca + + protezione degli argini + + categoria delle specie minacciate + + + @@ -3285,54 +14949,79 @@ bacino di contenimento + + svuotamento dell'invaso + + aggressività dell'acqua + + miglioramento della qualità dell'acqua + + gusto dell'acqua + + marea verde + + + materia in sospensione + + + + salinità dell'acqua + + captazione (struttura) + + catione + fontana + + riserva d'acqua + @@ -3341,16 +15030,23 @@ bestiame bovino + + demineralizzazione dell'acqua + + + smaltimento autonomo delle acque di rifiuto + + @@ -3358,49 +15054,78 @@ smaltimento collettivo delle acque di rifiuto + + + bacino di tempesta + + + + rete fognaria per acqua piovana + + + rete fognaria separata + + + rete fognaria unitaria + + aerazione dell'acqua + + smaltimento individuale delle acque di rifiuto + + + bacino di decantazione + + filtro a percolamento + + acqua usata + + acqua di rifiuto urbana + + + @@ -3408,133 +15133,194 @@ effluente di depurazione + + + trattamento biologico delle acque di rifiuto + + + lagunaggio + + principio del motivo di preoccupazione + rigenerazione dell'acqua + gestione delle risorse idriche + + + + caverna + + unità di cernita rifiuti + + deposito di ferraglia + + industria del ricupero + + + + valorizzazione energetica (dei rifiuti) + + valorizzazione di rifiuti come materiali + + pulitura delle spiagge + + rifiuto ingombrante + batteria alcalina + + pila elettrica + + rifiuto di disinquinamento + rifiuto sanitario + rifiuto industriale speciale + + + rifiuto metallico + rifiuto minerale + cellula + + relitto da naufragio + olio minerale + + + siero di latte + + affondamento dei rifiuti + + + pila + + residuo di triturazione + residuo di trattamento + + residuo d'incenerimento + + + @@ -3542,128 +15328,186 @@ fango di pulitura + + + fango disidratato + cellulosa + + fango residuo + + ispessimento + + stabilizzazione dei fanghi + + industria della cellulosa + + + attività industriale + + zona industriale abbandonata + + + + installazione classificata + cemento + + squartamento + porcilaia + + + industria del cemento + + + catena petrolifera + + deposito di idrocarburi + + + perforazione petrolifera + + + + produzione di cemento + + estrazione di granulato + + industria meccanica + + catena produttiva del legno + industria dell'imballaggio + + Africa centrale + America centrale + Asia centrale + biofiltrazione + + + declorurazione + + ingegneria + @@ -3682,35 +15526,58 @@ metanizzazione + + + governo centrale + trattamento aerobico + + + pubblicità + + trattamento anaerobico + + + trattamento biologico + + + + + + trattamento chimico-fisico + + + + + @@ -3727,6 +15594,10 @@ trattamento fisico + + + + @@ -3742,65 +15613,92 @@ trattamento primario + + trattamento secondario + + trattamento terziario + + centralizzazione + vetrificazione + + centrifugazione + cefalopodi + cava sotterranea + + + ceramica + geotecnica + meccanica delle rocce + industria della ceramica + + decespugliamento + + prevenzione degli incendi boschivi + + + protezione contro le piene + + + @@ -3810,32 +15708,46 @@ ripristino di terreni montani + + + + stabilità del suolo + vulcanologia + + disposizioni antisismiche + + cetacei + sicurezza civile + sicurezza industriale + + + @@ -3843,10 +15755,14 @@ esposizione ai rischi + area a rischio + + + @@ -3857,6 +15773,7 @@ incidente tecnologico + @@ -3864,14 +15781,18 @@ morbo di Chagas + catastrofe ecologica + pericolo nucleare + + @@ -3879,34 +15800,52 @@ gestione della catena produttiva + installazione a alto rischio + + installazione pericolosa + + + rischio biotecnologico + + rischio nucleare + + + + trasporto di materie pericolose + + + zona sinistrata + + + @@ -3914,23 +15853,33 @@ cambiamento di valore + + analisi del pericolo + informazione preventiva + + + piano di esposizione ai rischi + canalizzazione + + + @@ -3938,6 +15887,9 @@ assicurazione danni + + + @@ -3945,42 +15897,61 @@ assicurazione inquinamento + + + + danno provocato dalle acque + + valutazione dei danni + pubblicità dei prodotti + + carbone di legna + + perizia + risarcimento dei danni + + + costi negoziabili + + + istituzione pubblica + @@ -3988,117 +15959,156 @@ istituzione pubblica di natura amministrativa + istituzione pubblica di natura industriale e commerciale + mappa + società di consulenza + chelicerati + brevetto d'invenzione + analisi chimica + + comunicato stampa + discorso + + composizione chimica + studio ambientale (documento) + + assorbimento (esposizione) + + consulenza + + film (cinematografico) + + documentario + + flora (documento ) + + rapporto al ministro + rapporto parlamentare + + testo regolamentare + tesi + decontaminazione chimica + + + CD-ROM + centro d'informazione + ingegneria chimica + informazione tecnica + fallout chimico + + rete d'informazioni + @@ -4106,6 +16116,9 @@ fertilizzante chimico + + + @@ -4115,12 +16128,15 @@ saggio + metodo + + @@ -4133,12 +16149,16 @@ industria siderurgica + industria chimica + + + @@ -4148,16 +16168,24 @@ habitat urbano + + + fauna selvatica + sfruttamento razionale del territorio + + + + @@ -4167,78 +16195,112 @@ habitat rurale + + + + qualità delle acque sotterranee + + definizione degli obiettivi + + installazione chimica + + + ontogenesi + imposta fondiaria + + prato coltivato + ciclo biologico + oceanografia chimica + habitat umano + + concentrazione urbana + + giardino familiare + + + + fotografia (procedimento) + + tappo + + + ferraglia + + voto + struttura agricola + @@ -4246,10 +16308,12 @@ politica di bilancio + controllo chimico + @@ -4258,28 +16322,35 @@ politica di cooperazione + equilibrio internazionale + finanze comunitarie + + organizzazione della giustizia + diritti + + @@ -4289,22 +16360,27 @@ struttura economica + distribuzione commerciale + + relazione monetaria + economia monetaria + @@ -4313,23 +16389,29 @@ libera circolazione dei capitali + quadro sociale + protezione sociale + organizzazione scolastica + organizzazione aziendale + + @@ -4338,46 +16420,65 @@ impianto chimico + + + + classificazione delle imprese + + forma giuridica di società + coltivazione di terreni agricoli + mezzi di produzione agricola + prodotto agricolo trasformato + + industria agro-alimentare + + politica della chimica + + geografia economica + + + credito + @@ -4386,15 +16487,20 @@ libertà + struttura industriale + + inquinante chimico + + @@ -4403,22 +16509,32 @@ scorta + + sterilizzazione (biologia) + + + economia ambientale delle aziende + + rendimento (agricoltura) + soluzione di problemi ambientali + + @@ -4427,16 +16543,23 @@ pianta foraggera + + + pianta industriale + + inquinamento chimico + + @@ -4444,57 +16567,77 @@ pianta tessile + + pianta tropicale + proprietà fondiaria agricola + azienda agricola + regime di conduzione + + ambiente geofisico + petrolchimica + + prodotti chimici speciali + + prodotto proteico + + alimento trattato + + aerazione + + + processi chimici + @@ -4505,20 +16648,25 @@ prodotto alimentare complesso + prodotto minerario + + tuberi da raccolto + sistema di coltura + @@ -4526,6 +16674,7 @@ produzione di raccolti + @@ -4533,19 +16682,27 @@ struttura di pesca + luogo di pesca + industria del carbone + + + industria energetica + + + @@ -4555,33 +16712,48 @@ industria delle comunicazioni + + + + industria dell'informatica + + + industria del vuoto + + confezionamento + + meccanica di precisione + + tecnologia dei materiali + proprietà chimiche + @@ -4599,29 +16771,36 @@ equipaggiamento militare + materiale audiovisivo + macchinario + attrezzatura meccanica + apparecchiatura sotto pressione + attrezzatura termica + + @@ -4634,40 +16813,58 @@ fabbricazione industriale + + dimensioni della impresa + + vita aziendale + + tipo di attività dell'impresa + + professione amministrativa + + attrezzatura edile + + modo di trasporto + + ambito territoriale del trasporto + degrado dell'ambiente + + + @@ -4682,21 +16879,26 @@ bilancio comunitario + + sostegno economico + sistema di contabilità + reazioni chimiche + @@ -4717,14 +16919,19 @@ previsione economica + tariffa doganale + + transazione commerciale + + @@ -4733,121 +16940,162 @@ politica salariale + + Sistema monetario europeo + mercato monetario + politica dei cambi + politica creditizia + + debito pubblico + imposta di consumo + + imposta sul capitale + imposta sul reddito + + politica fiscale + + prezzo agricolo + + prezzo di mercato + prezzo di trasporto + + politica dei prezzi + + concentrazione economica + struttura dell'impresa + + rischio chimico + + gestione finanziaria + gestione contabile + politica dell'impresa + + restrizione alla concorrenza + + diritto privato internazionale + diritto pubblico internazionale + diritto internazionale economico + + responsabilità penale + contratto pubblico + sostanza chimica + + @@ -4877,75 +17125,99 @@ regolamentazione doganale + + diritto di famiglia + regolamentazione del traffico + + regolamentazione della produzione agricola + diritto penitenziario + locazione immobiliare + + + legislazione sull'informatica + + legislazione sulla concorrenza + patto di non concorrenza + + trattato CE + legge sui prodotti chimici + + regolamentazione dei trasporti + + ordinamento giuridico comunitario + atto comunitario + decisione (interpretazione amministrativa o giudiziaria) + procedura legale + @@ -4957,18 +17229,22 @@ accesso alla giustizia + società (legge) + professione giudiziaria + sistema giudiziario + @@ -4976,6 +17252,7 @@ organizzazione amministrativa + @@ -4989,6 +17266,8 @@ procedura legislativa + + @@ -4998,6 +17277,7 @@ tecnica di gestione + @@ -5006,6 +17286,7 @@ struttura istituzionale + @@ -5020,47 +17301,61 @@ vita istituzionale + politica commerciale comune + politica tariffaria comune + politica della ricerca + politica edilizia + politica della comunicazione + politica di produzione + + prodotti chimici nell'ambiente + + politica dello spazio + regione economica + + politica di aiuto + @@ -5071,23 +17366,30 @@ aiuto umanitario + conflitto internazionale + mantenimento della pace + lotta contro l'inquinamento + + + grado d'istruzione + @@ -5105,27 +17407,35 @@ istruzione generale + compito scolastico + vita scolastica + materiale didattico + + sistema documentario + mezzi di comunicazione + + @@ -5134,10 +17444,13 @@ sistema di comunicazioni + + sistema informatico + @@ -5145,29 +17458,40 @@ analisi sociale + + scienze del comportamento + + professione sanitaria + + prova di prodotti chimici + procreazione artificiale + sanità animale + + + @@ -5175,76 +17499,107 @@ vittima di guerra + + migrazione interna + distribuzione geografica della popolazione + + composizione della popolazione + diritti dell'individuo + + struttura chimica + diritti economici + + + movimento di opinione + ideologia politica + situazione familiare + gruppo socioculturale + struttura occupazionale + + statuto professionale + risoluzione di contratto + popolazione agricola attiva + + + congedo per motivi sociali + forza lavoro + + trattamento chimico + + + + + @@ -5254,24 +17609,35 @@ trattamento chimico di rifiuti + + rifiuto chimico + + + arma chimica + + + chemiadsorbimento + chimica + + @@ -5285,119 +17651,168 @@ fotografia aerea (immagine) + bambino + + camino + + accampamento + argine + + + esbosco + canone + carta (atto istituzionale) + + + deiezione animale + + + altezza dei camini + + + + indennità + manutenzione (tecnica) + officina di verniciatura + + salina + + sentiero escursionistico + + + sfioratore + + + talea + bilancio ecologico (politica ambientale) + + ossido d'azoto + + + forno + + chirotteri + bovini + cloruro + idrocarburi clorurati + approvazione + clorurazione + + pulitura + @@ -5405,136 +17820,190 @@ cloro + area urbana degradata + + cloroetilene + lente di paratoia piana + + + clorofluorocarburi + + + effetto del rumore + + + + messa al bando dei clorofluorocarburi e degli halons + + idrocarburi clorofluorurati parzialmente alogenati + + + clorofenoli + clorofilla + + bosco di caducifoglie + + bosco misto + + clorosi + + sanzione penale + conifera + + analisi cromatografica + + cromatografia + + cromo + crisofite + alloggio di emergenza + + + cernita alla fonte + chiesa + + + gestione delle zone costiere + ministero (edificio) + fotografia aerea (procedimento) + senso civico + palude (clima caldo) + processo legislativo + + + città (grandi dimensioni) + + @@ -5542,52 +18011,75 @@ centro città + + contenitore a rendere + dispersione degli inquinanti gassosi + + prodotto intermedio (prodotti) + + sostanza mutagena + + + scarico urbano + + condizione aerobica + + + traffico aereo civile + sostanza teratogena + + ingegneria civile + + protezione civile + + diritto civile + @@ -5595,72 +18087,98 @@ rete di riscaldamento urbano + richiesta di rimborso + azione legale di categoria + classificazione + argilla + imposta di fabbricazione + ditteri + bosco di conifere + + bonifica + + + + dipartimento di nettezza urbana + prodotto per la pulitura + linea metropolitana + contratto di appalto + processo aerobico + + + tecnologia pulita + + + + + organismo modificato geneticamente + @@ -5668,14 +18186,18 @@ navigazione da diporto + + composto tensioattivo + clima + @@ -5693,10 +18215,15 @@ valore del pH + effetto climatico + + + + @@ -5706,31 +18233,41 @@ industria dell'artigianato + resti di animali + + protezione del clima + + carta nautica + risorse climatiche + + politica di conservazione della natura + tipo di clima + @@ -5743,11 +18280,15 @@ alterazione del clima + + cambiamento del clima + + @@ -5762,16 +18303,20 @@ risanamento ambientale + esperimento sul clima + + fattore climatico + @@ -5779,6 +18324,9 @@ zona climatica + + + @@ -5786,6 +18334,8 @@ climatologia + + @@ -5793,28 +18343,37 @@ aerobiologia + + climax + + pianta rampicante + sintomi clinici + strumento fiscale verde + attività mineraria + + @@ -5831,95 +18390,123 @@ clonazione + Mar Nero + Mar Caspio + Mar Mediterraneo + conoscenza indigena + + società professionale + + soggetto + inquinante organico persistente + mobilizzazione dei sedimenti + + distruzione di habitat + + + attività a terra + alterazione fisica + + valutazione settoriale + infrastruttura per l'informazione + informazione geo-referenziata + + centro dati + provider di servizi internet + chiusura + rete elettronica di informazioni + rete su area geografica + internet + @@ -5932,90 +18519,113 @@ World Wide Web + homepage + ipertesto + bacheca elettronica + newsgroup + posta elettronica + tecnologia multimediale + chiusura di un'azienda + presentazione con audiovisivi + kit per l'informazione + esibizione + newsletter + programma radio + programma televisivo + relazioni pubbliche + sistema di informazioni bibliografiche + informazione bibliografica + sistema di informazioni di riferimento + informazione di riferimento + sistema di informazione statistica + informazione statistica + servizi di biblioteca + + @@ -6026,53 +18636,65 @@ servizio di consultazione + indicizzazione di documenti + prestito di documenti + prestito tra biblioteche + disseminazione selettiva delle informazioni + vestiario + servizio di ricerca su CD-ROM + servizio di ricerca su internet + centro di informazione + sistema di supporto alla decisione + sviluppo di software + scambio di informazioni + @@ -6081,38 +18703,49 @@ base di dati relazionale + scanner multispettrale + risoluzione (parametro) + industria dell'abbigliamento + + pixel + bande dello spettro + identificazione della scena + sistema digitale di elaborazione immagini + tecniche digitali di elaborazione delle immagini + + @@ -6121,88 +18754,113 @@ riconoscimento del modello + + mosaico (immagine) + filtrazione dell'immagine + rinforzo dell'immagine + correzione geometrica + nube + registrazione delle immagini + classificazione delle immagini + classificazione guidata delle immagini + classificazione non guidata delle immagini + composizione dei colori + correzione atmosferica + sistema digitale GIS + + formato digitale GIS + vettore + punto + + linea + + poligono + raster + attributo + tecnica digitale GIS + @@ -6217,36 +18875,46 @@ interpolazione + grigliatura + da raster a vettore + da vettore a raster + confine nazionale + confine sub-nazionale + confine amministrativo + + dati geo-referenziati + + @@ -6255,138 +18923,193 @@ proiezione geografica + sistema di coordinate + latitudine + longitudine + centro per il remote sensing + + laboratorio GIS + servizi online + discarica sotterranea + economia aziendale + + deterrenza + discarica dismessa + + + spazio esterno (piano d'assetto) + + attività mineraria in mare profondo + + + concime semiliquido + + + + industria di materiali elettrici + + + aziende per la fornitura di servizi + + ripristino dell'acqua + + fornitura locale di calore + + spedizioniere + + astensione dalla produzione di rifiuti + + + diritto sulla indipendenza della natura + reato ambientale + legislazione provinciale/regionale (D) + autorità provinciale/regionale (D) + transazione internazionale + definizione dei percorsi + + + monitoraggio della qualità dell'aria + + + + iniziativa da parte dei cittadini + area sotto stress + + deposito (processo) + + @@ -6398,22 +19121,29 @@ rifugio di montagna + ricerca spaziale + lista rossa + coagulazione + + carbone + + @@ -6422,38 +19152,54 @@ energia da carbone + materiale isolante + + decantazione + + + + + + centrale a carbone + + + + + + + @@ -6461,6 +19207,9 @@ + adattamento ai cambiamenti climatici + processo di preparazione inteso ad affrontare la vita in un clima che cambia + @@ -6468,23 +19217,33 @@ + + + + + + + + biomassa aerea + Tutta la biomassa vivente che si trova in superficie, compresi steli, ceppi, rami, cortecce, semi e fogliame + @@ -6495,12 +19254,14 @@ + + @@ -6508,6 +19269,8 @@ + + @@ -6515,6 +19278,8 @@ + + @@ -6522,17 +19287,27 @@ + + produzione di bioenergia da prodotti agricoli + colture oleaginose convertite in biocarburanti + + + additivo agronomico + qualsiasi sostanza aggiunta a un fertilizzante, ammendante o substrato colturale inteso a migliorare l'efficacia agronomica del prodotto finale o a modificare il destino ambientale dei nutrienti rilasciati dai fertilizzanti + + + @@ -6542,6 +19317,10 @@ + guida per gli inventari delle emissioni di inquinanti atmosferici + guida congiunta EMEP/AEA a sostegno della comunicazione dei dati sulle emissioni, nel quadro della convenzione UNECE sull’inquinamento atmosferico transfrontaliero a grande distanza e della direttiva UE relativa ai limiti nazionali di emissione, che ha lo scopo di fornire orientamenti di esperti sulla compilazione di un inventario delle emissioni atmosferiche + + @@ -6551,9 +19330,15 @@ gassificazione del carbone + + + + direttive relative alla qualità dell'aria + direttive che stabiliscono il quadro legislativo per la valutazione e la gestione della qualità dell'aria negli Stati membri + @@ -6565,12 +19350,19 @@ + + + + + + + @@ -6578,36 +19370,59 @@ + + + + + + + gestione dei rifiuti animali + operazioni corrette di manipolazione, immagazzinamento e utilizzo dei rifiuti generati dalle operazioni di confinamento degli animali, compresi i mezzi di raccolta, raschiamento o lavaggio di rifiuti da aree di confinamento in strutture adeguate per l'immagazzinamento dei rifiuti + + + + + + + + + + + liquefazione del carbone + + + + @@ -6615,28 +19430,43 @@ + superficie artificiale + totale delle aree edificate e delle aree artificiali non edificate + + + + + + + + mare di Barents + zona compresa tra Novaja Zemlja, a est, e la linea che unisce la Norvegia, l'Isola degli Orsi e la parte meridionale di Spitzbergen, a ovest + + direttiva sulle acque di balneazione + disposizioni stabilite dall'Unione Europea (UE) per il monitoraggio, la valutazione e la gestione della qualità delle acque di balneazione e per la fornitura di informazioni su tale qualità al fine di ridurre e prevenire l'inquinamento delle acque di balneazione e informare i cittadini europei del grado di inquinamento + @@ -6648,13 +19478,20 @@ + legislazione in materia di acque di balneazione + legislazione europea intesa a salvaguardare la salute pubblica e a proteggere dall'inquinamento l'ambiente acquatico delle zone costiere e delle acque interne + + + biomassa ipogea + biomassa costituita dalle radici vive + @@ -6669,22 +19506,34 @@ estrazione di carbone + + + + sviluppo della biomassa ipogea + crescita della biomassa ipogea che include anche grosse radici e colletto + + + + + + + @@ -6694,6 +19543,8 @@ + + @@ -6702,6 +19553,8 @@ + + @@ -6711,6 +19564,8 @@ + + @@ -6718,44 +19573,63 @@ + + + + + + + + + crescita blu + strategia a lungo termine per sostenere una crescita sostenibile nei settori marino e marittimo + + + + + + + + + @@ -6768,49 +19642,69 @@ + + raffinazione del carbone + + + + + + + stock di carbonio + quantità di carbonio accumulato in un "pool", ossia in un serbatoio o (agro)sistema che ha la capacità di accumulare o rilasciare carbonio + + + capacità portante + quantità massima di servizi e prodotti biologici che l'ambiente naturale può fornire affinché le risorse rinnovabili non si esauriscano più rapidamente di quanto possano rigenerarsi e affinché si garantisca la vitalità dei sistemi ecologici + + + rifiuti chimici da attività commerciali + rifiuti derivanti da qualsiasi attività professionale, aziendale, commerciale o industriale + + @@ -6820,6 +19714,10 @@ + impatto dei cambiamenti climatici + le conseguenze del cambiamento climatico sui sistemi naturali e umani + + @@ -6829,6 +19727,9 @@ + politica in materia di cambiamenti climatici + azioni governative o private volte a ridurre le emissioni di gas a effetto serra (GHG) di origine antropica oppure ad adattarsi ai cambiamenti climatici + @@ -6838,6 +19739,8 @@ + + @@ -6847,47 +19750,72 @@ + zona climatica + una delle otto zone principali, delimitate approssimativamente da linee di latitudine, in cui è possibile dividere la Terra sulla base del clima + rumore aerodinamico + + + + + + + consumo collaborativo + modalità che consentono ai consumatori di ottenere prodotti o servizi in maniera più efficace ed efficiente in termini di risorse, che prevedono un cambiamento radicale dei modi in cui le richieste dei consumatori sono soddisfatte, nonché il passaggio da decisioni individuali a una domanda organizzata o collettiva + + + + rifiuti da costruzione + materiali minerali risultanti dai lavori di demolizione, ristrutturazione e trasformazione di edifici e parti di edifici + + + + + + + gestione delle terre coltivate + qualsiasi attività risultante da un sistema di pratiche applicabili a un terreno adibito a colture agricole e a un terreno ritirato dalla produzione o temporaneamente non adibito alla produzione di colture + @@ -6895,32 +19823,48 @@ tecnologia del carbone + + + + + + + + + + + + + + politica di sviluppo + politica dell'Unione europea che ha come obiettivo primario l'eliminazione della povertà nel contesto dello sviluppo sostenibile, anche attraverso il perseguimento degli obiettivi di sviluppo del millennio, oltre alla promozione della democrazia, del buon governo e del rispetto dei diritti umani + @@ -6929,23 +19873,31 @@ + + rischio di disastri + combinazione della probabilità che si produca un evento e le sue conseguenze negative + + + costa + + @@ -6955,27 +19907,50 @@ + consumo interno di materiale + quantità totale di materiali impiegati direttamente nell'economia meno i materiali che vengono esportati + + + + + + + + + + + + osservazione della Terra + raccolta di informazioni sui sistemi fisici, chimici e biologici del pianeta Terra attraverso le tecnologie di telerilevamento, solitamente utilizzando satelliti dotati di dispositivi di acquisizione delle immagini + + + + + biocapacità + la capacità degli ecosistemi di produrre materia biologica utile e di assorbire rifiuti generati dall’uomo, usando le pratiche agricole dominanti e la tecnologia prevalente + + @@ -6989,15 +19964,24 @@ + civiltà ecologica + il giusto equilibrio fra sviluppo economico e tutela della natura + + + + + impronta ecologica + area totale di terreni produttivi ed ecosistemi acquatici richiesta per produrre le risorse che la popolazione umana consuma ed assimilare i rifiuti che la popolazione stessa produce, in ogni parte del pianeta terra + @@ -7006,6 +19990,11 @@ + resilienza ecologica + la capacità di un sistema ecologico o socio-ecologico e dei suoi componenti di anticipare, ridurre, accogliere o riprendersi dagli effetti di tendenze o eventi pericolosi in modo tempestivo ed efficiente + + + @@ -7021,6 +20010,8 @@ zona costiera + + @@ -7029,6 +20020,9 @@ + + + @@ -7039,6 +20033,7 @@ + @@ -7047,32 +20042,57 @@ + + + + confine di ecosistema + la delimitazione spaziale di un ecosistema, che si basa in genere sulla discontinuità nella distribuzione degli organismi, l'ambiente biofisico (tipi di suolo, bacini di drenaggio, profondità di un corpo idrico) e le interazioni spaziali (home range, modelli di migrazione, flussi di materia) + + + + + + + + + interazione ecosistemica + scambi di materiali, energia e informazioni all'interno di un ecosistema e tra ecosistemi + + + + + + + + + + @@ -7080,10 +20100,16 @@ + servizi ecosistemici + i vantaggi che gli ecosistemi forniscono alle persone contribuendo al loro benessere + + + + @@ -7091,41 +20117,61 @@ + vulnerabilità ecosistemica + esposizione a rischi e stress e la difficoltà nel farvi fronte + + + + + + + valutazione dell'efficacia + mettere a confronto gli effetti di una misura, i suoi risultati e/o impatti, con gli obiettivi dichiarati esplicitamente + + + + + quota di emissione + il diritto di emettere una tonnellata di biossido di carbonio, o una quantità di qualsiasi altro gas serra con un potenziale equivalente di riscaldamento globale, per un periodo determinato + + + + @@ -7138,6 +20184,9 @@ + livello di emissione + impegni quantificati di limitazione o riduzione delle emissioni, espressi in tonnellate di CO2 equivalente, allo scopo di stabilire i livelli di emissione rispettivamente assegnati all'Unione europea e ai suoi Stati membri in conformità dell'articolo 4 del protocollo di Kyoto + @@ -7148,6 +20197,9 @@ + sistema di scambio di quote di emissione + strumento politico chiave per garantire che l'Europa e altri paesi conseguano i loro obiettivi di riduzione dei gas a effetto serra, al minor costo e modificando i sistemi di fissazione dei prezzi, indispensabili per innescare il processo di trasformazione verso un'economia sostenibile ed efficiente in materia di gestione delle risorse, con i sistemi di scambio di quote di emissioni (EU ETS) come pilastro del futuro mercato globale del carbonio + @@ -7158,21 +20210,33 @@ sviluppo lungo la costa + + + + + programma di azione per l’ambiente + programma che istituisce un quadro per l’azione dell'UE in materia di ambiente + + + + + + @@ -7181,10 +20245,13 @@ + + + @@ -7196,6 +20263,11 @@ + impronta ambientale + impatto ambientale dei prodotti, dei servizi e/o delle aziende nel corso del loro ciclo di vita + + + @@ -7204,6 +20276,9 @@ + governance ambientale + norme, processi e comportamenti che influiscono sul modo in cui viene esercitato il potere a livello europeo nell'ambito delle politiche ambientali, in particolare per quanto riguarda apertura, partecipazione, responsabilità, efficacia e coerenza + @@ -7216,6 +20291,7 @@ + @@ -7227,6 +20303,8 @@ + + @@ -7236,14 +20314,21 @@ ecosistema litoraneo + + + + + normativa ambientale + leggi intese a ridurre i danni nei confronti degli ecosistemi, delle risorse o, più in generale, delle persone e derivanti dalle attività umane + @@ -7254,9 +20339,15 @@ + spazio ambientale + quantità di energia, acqua, suolo, legno e materie prime non rinnovabili utilizzati in maniera sostenibile + + + + @@ -7264,6 +20355,9 @@ + sistema di scambio di quote di emissione dell'UE + il più grande sistema al mondo per la limitazione e lo scambio di carbonio e lo strumento principale dell'UE per rispettare l'accordo di Kyoto; è stato avviato nel gennaio 2005 + @@ -7272,11 +20366,19 @@ + Rete europea di informazione e osservazione ambientale + rete di partenariato dell'Agenzia europea dell'ambiente (AEA) e dei suoi membri e paesi cooperanti intesa a fornire dati tempestivi e di qualità garantita, informazioni e competenze per la valutazione dello stato dell'ambiente in Europa e le pressioni che agiscono su di esso, consentendo ai responsabili politici di decidere le misure appropriate al fine di proteggere l'ambiente a livello nazionale ed europeo e monitorare l'efficacia delle politiche e delle misure attuate + + + conservazione ex situ + conservazione degli elementi della diversità biologica al di fuori dei loro habitat naturali + + @@ -7285,11 +20387,18 @@ + + + consumo di fertilizzanti + somma di azoto (AND), fosfato (P2O5) e ossido di potassio (K2O) utilizzati in agricoltura + + + @@ -7300,16 +20409,23 @@ + + ambiente costiero + + + + + @@ -7317,6 +20433,10 @@ + pericolosità da alluvione + combinazione della probabilità di alluvione e delle corrispondenti caratteristiche di esposizione come la profondità, la velocità, la durata dell'alluvione, la velocità di salita, il periodo e la qualità dell'acqua + + @@ -7326,6 +20446,10 @@ + prevenzione delle inondazioni + prevenire i danni causati da inondazioni, evitando la costruzione di case e industrie in aree che presentano attualmente un rischio d'inondazione o possono presentarlo in futuro, nonché adattando i futuri sviluppi al rischio di inondazioni e promuovendo pratiche agricole, forestali e di uso del suolo appropriate + + @@ -7334,6 +20458,9 @@ + gestione del rischio di alluvione + analisi continua e olistica della società, la valutazione e la riduzione del rischio di alluvione + @@ -7341,6 +20468,9 @@ + rifiuto alimentare + rifiuti composti da alimenti cotti o crudi, che comprendono materiali alimentari scartati prima, durante o dopo la preparazione dei cibi, durante il processo di produzione, distribuzione, vendita al dettaglio o servizi di ristorazione, e comprendenti materiali come bucce di vegetali, ritagli di carne, e ingredienti o alimenti preparati deteriorati o in eccesso + @@ -7353,6 +20483,9 @@ + biodiversità forestale + tutte le forme di vita presenti all'interno di aree boschive e il ruolo ecologico che le stesse svolgono + @@ -7361,6 +20494,9 @@ + terreno boschivo + terre insufficientemente coltivate o non coltivate con alberi, di dimensioni superiori a 0,5 ettari con una copertura arborea superiore al 10 percento e su cui gli alberi possono crescere fino a un'altezza di 5 metri o più una volta raggiunta la maturità + @@ -7372,6 +20508,11 @@ + consumo di combustibili fossili + consumo totale di petrolio, carbone e gas naturale + + + @@ -7379,6 +20520,9 @@ + + + @@ -7386,6 +20530,8 @@ + + @@ -7394,24 +20540,35 @@ + + + alimento funzionale + cibo consumato nell'ambito della dieta abituale e ha effetti benefici che vanno oltre i tradizionali effetti nutrizionali + + + + + + + @@ -7427,6 +20584,7 @@ + @@ -7442,6 +20600,7 @@ + @@ -7449,12 +20608,14 @@ + + @@ -7464,6 +20625,8 @@ + + @@ -7476,14 +20639,25 @@ erosione della costa + + + + + + + + + economia verde + economia in cui le politiche e le innovazioni permettono alla società di utilizzare le risorse in modo efficiente, migliorando il benessere umano in maniera inclusiva, pur mantenendo i sistemi naturali che ci sostengono + @@ -7493,6 +20667,18 @@ + emissione di gas a effetto serra + emissioni contemplate dal protocollo di Kyoto che includono biossido di carbonio (CO2), metano (CH4), protossido di azoto (N2O) e tre gas fluorurati, gli idrofluorocarburi (HFC), i perfluorocarburi (PFC) e l'esafluoruro di zolfo (SF6) + + + + + + + + + + @@ -7511,6 +20697,8 @@ + + @@ -7520,6 +20708,9 @@ + biomassa di superficie + tutta la biomassa vivente che si trova in superficie, compresi steli, ceppi, rami, cortecce, semi e foglie + @@ -7531,13 +20722,21 @@ + + + + + + direttiva Habitat + direttiva 92/43/CEE del Consiglio, del 21 maggio 1992, relativa alla conservazione degli habitat naturali e della flora e fauna selvatiche, che garantisce la conservazione di una vasta gamma di specie rare, minacciate o di specie endemiche animali e vegetali, nonché di tipi di habitat rari e caratteristici per la loro conservazione in quanto tali + @@ -7550,6 +20749,7 @@ + @@ -7560,15 +20760,23 @@ + stress da calore + condizione in cui il rendimento o la sopravvivenza delle colture è compromesso da periodi di esposizione ad alte temperature + pesca costiera + + olio combustibile pesante + qualsiasi combustibile liquido derivato dal petrolio, escluso il combustibile marino + + @@ -7578,19 +20786,34 @@ + + + + + + + calotta glaciale + ghiacciaio a forma di cupola con flusso radiale che, di solito, copre un'area montagnosa + + + perdita di ghiaccio + gamma di processi interdipendenti, compresi circolazione oceanica, temperatura, tempo atmosferico e albedo della Terra, che contribuiscono alla riduzione del ghiaccio marino o terrestre + + + @@ -7600,12 +20823,22 @@ + crosta ghiacciata + strato permanente di ghiaccio che ricopre un ampio tratto di terreno, in particolare una regione polare + + + + bilancio di massa della crosta ghiacciata + velocità della perdita di ghiaccio e indicatore più importante del cambiamento relativo alla crosta ghiacciata + + + @@ -7613,6 +20846,9 @@ + + + @@ -7623,12 +20859,25 @@ + + + + + + + + + + + + + @@ -7636,6 +20885,8 @@ + + @@ -7645,6 +20896,8 @@ + + @@ -7653,13 +20906,22 @@ + + + + + degrado del suolo + processo che riduce la capacità attuale e/o potenziale del suolo di produrre beni e servizi; tale processo può essere limitato, invertito ed evitato attraverso una gestione adeguata del terreno + + + @@ -7669,6 +20931,9 @@ + direttiva relativa alle discariche di rifiuti + direttiva che definisce le diverse categorie di rifiuti (rifiuti urbani, pericolosi, non pericolosi e inerti) e si applica a tutte le discariche il cui scopo è quello di prevenire o ridurre gli effetti negativi sull'ambiente, in particolare su acque superficiali, acque sotterranee, suolo, aria e sulla salute umana attraverso l'introduzione di rigidi requisiti tecnici per i rifiuti e le discariche + @@ -7681,6 +20946,7 @@ + @@ -7691,6 +20957,9 @@ + + + @@ -7702,6 +20971,8 @@ + + @@ -7715,15 +20986,20 @@ + + + + + @@ -7731,6 +21007,8 @@ + + @@ -7739,6 +21017,8 @@ + + @@ -7748,6 +21028,10 @@ + combustibile per uso marittimo + qualsiasi combustibile per uso marittimo + + @@ -7757,6 +21041,10 @@ + + + + @@ -7765,6 +21053,8 @@ + + @@ -7774,6 +21064,9 @@ + direttiva quadro sulla strategia per l'ambiente marino + direttiva UE intesa a contribuire alla coerenza tra le diverse politiche, i vari accordi e misure legislative che hanno un impatto sull'ambiente marino, nonché a garantire l'integrazione degli aspetti ambientali nell'ambito degli stessi + @@ -7786,6 +21079,7 @@ + @@ -7796,16 +21090,28 @@ inquinamento della costa + + + + + + + + + + + + @@ -7813,6 +21119,10 @@ + produzione di rifiuti urbani + rifiuti raccolti dai o per conto dei comuni e provenienti in prevalenza da abitazioni, sebbene siano anche inclusi i rifiuti commerciali e aziendali, di uffici, istituzioni e piccole imprese + + @@ -7820,34 +21130,51 @@ + acque reflue urbane + acque reflue raccolte dai o per conto dei comuni provenienti in prevalenza da abitazioni + + + + + + + + + + + + + direttiva sui nitrati + direttiva che prescrive le quantità massime di azoto che possono essere utilizzate sul terreno sotto forma di concime animale al fine di prevenire un ulteriore inquinamento da nitrati + @@ -7858,6 +21185,8 @@ + + @@ -7865,15 +21194,20 @@ + + + + + @@ -7895,25 +21229,38 @@ + + + + + + + + + + + + + @@ -7925,9 +21272,18 @@ + ammendante organico + sostanza contenente materiali carboniosi concepita per aumentare il contenuto di sostanza organica del suolo + + + + + + + @@ -7936,10 +21292,27 @@ + metodo relativo all’impronta ambientale delle organizzazioni + metodo generale per misurare e comunicare il potenziale impatto ambientale nel ciclo di vita di un'organizzazione + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + @@ -7951,29 +21324,45 @@ + + + + riduzione dello strato di ozono + riduzione continua della concentrazione di ozono nella stratosfera e diminuzione dell'ozono stratosferico nelle regioni polari + + + + + + + rifiuti di parchi + rifiuti verdi biodegradabili di parchi e giardini, che includono acqua e legno (lignocellulosa, residui d'erba, sfalci di cespugli e alberi, foglie e fiori) + + + @@ -7981,14 +21370,21 @@ acqua costiera + + biostimolante delle piante + prodotto che, indipendentemente dal suo tenore di nutrienti, contiene sostanze e/o microrganismi che, se applicati su piante o rizosfera, hanno la funzione di stimolarne i processi naturali al fine di migliorare l'assorbimento dei nutrienti, l’efficienza dei nutrienti, la tolleranza allo stress abiotico e/o la qualità delle colture + + + + @@ -7997,17 +21393,24 @@ + quadro politico + prove e obiettivi a lungo termine concordati e attuati in collaborazione con le parti interessate, definiti in un unico documento politico o in una serie di documenti politici correlati + + attuazione delle politiche + processo attraverso il quale vengono eseguiti i programmi e, di conseguenza, vengono attuati i piani + + @@ -8017,10 +21420,14 @@ + + energia primaria + l'energia contenuta nei combustibili fossili e in fonti d'energia rinnovabile, non soggetta ad alcun processo di conversione o trasformazione + @@ -8032,6 +21439,10 @@ + + + + @@ -8039,24 +21450,47 @@ + metodologia dell'impronta ambientale del prodotto + metodo generale per misurare e comunicare il potenziale impatto ambientale nel ciclo di vita di un prodotto + + + + + + + + + + + prosumerismo + tipo di consumo collaborativo che riduce la distinzione tra produttore e consumatore + + + + pianificazione delle zone costiere + + + + + @@ -8072,6 +21506,9 @@ + direttiva sulle energie rinnovabili + normativa che istituisce una politica globale per la produzione e la promozione di energia da fonti rinnovabili nell'UE, che impone agli Stati membri di presentare piani di azione nazionali in materia di energie rinnovabili con tabelle di marcia dettagliate al fine di indicare come ogni Stato membro prevede di raggiungere il proprio obiettivo vincolante per il 2020 in relazione alla quota di energia da fonti rinnovabili nel consumo finale di energia + @@ -8081,12 +21518,16 @@ + + + + @@ -8096,22 +21537,37 @@ + + + + + + produttività delle risorse + rapporto tra prodotto interno lordo (PIL) e consumo interno di materiale (CIM) + + + + + + + + @@ -8119,15 +21575,22 @@ + + + + guardia costiera + + + @@ -8139,6 +21602,11 @@ + bacino idrografico + territorio nel quale scorrono tutte le acque superficiali attraverso una serie di torrenti, fiumi ed eventualmente laghi per sfociare al mare in un’unica foce, a estuario o delta + + + @@ -8146,6 +21614,12 @@ + + + + + + @@ -8153,75 +21627,109 @@ + rumore del traffico stradale + rumore ambientale generato dai veicoli che percorrono strade e autostrade, causato da rotolamento e propulsione + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + @@ -8234,6 +21742,8 @@ + + @@ -8241,12 +21751,15 @@ + + + @@ -8256,53 +21769,84 @@ rivestimento + + + + + + + + + obiettivi di sviluppo sostenibile + obiettivi unici e indivisibili, definiti dall'agenda 2030 delle Nazioni Unite per lo sviluppo sostenibile; si tratta di obiettivi di natura globale e universalmente applicabili, che tengono conto di realtà, capacità e livelli di sviluppo nazionali diversi e nel rispetto delle politiche e priorità nazionali + + + + gestione forestale sostenibile + Gestione e utilizzazione dei boschi e delle superfici boschive in maniera e in misura tali da far sì che conservino la loro biodiversità, produttività, capacità di rigenerazione, vitalità e capacità di espletare, ora e in futuro, le loro specifiche funzioni ecologiche, economiche e sociali a livello locale, nazionale e globale, senza recare pregiudizio ad altri ecosistemi + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + @@ -8310,19 +21854,30 @@ + + + + + + + + acque di transizione + acque tra la terra e il mare, inclusi fiordi, estuari, lagune, delta e valli a mare + + @@ -8331,16 +21886,24 @@ + + + + + + + + @@ -8348,10 +21911,15 @@ + + + + + @@ -8361,10 +21929,12 @@ cobalto + + @@ -8378,6 +21948,9 @@ + + + @@ -8385,16 +21958,25 @@ + + + + + + + + + @@ -8402,6 +21984,9 @@ + + + @@ -8410,11 +21995,16 @@ + + + + + @@ -8424,6 +22014,10 @@ + + + + @@ -8432,6 +22026,8 @@ + + @@ -8442,9 +22038,13 @@ scarafaggi + + direttiva quadro sulle acque + Direttiva 2000/60/CE del Parlamento europeo e del Consiglio, del 23 ottobre 2000, che istituisce un quadro per l'azione comunitaria in materia di acque + @@ -8458,24 +22058,39 @@ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + @@ -8487,6 +22102,8 @@ + + @@ -8494,12 +22111,16 @@ + + + + @@ -8508,6 +22129,7 @@ + @@ -8517,12 +22139,14 @@ + + @@ -8530,29 +22154,93 @@ + + rifiuto domestico + rifiuti di alloggi utilizzati esclusivamente a scopi residenziali, che vengono smaltiti attraverso la normale raccolta dei rifiuti domestici indifferenziati + + + + + fumo in ambienti chiusi + inquinamento atmosferico che contiene una serie di inquinanti dannosi per la salute, come piccole particelle e monossido di carbonio (CO), e livelli di particolato inquinante che possono essere di molte volte superiori ai valori ammessi dalle linee guida per spazi interni + + + + + INSPIRE + Scopo della direttiva è di stabilire norme generali volte all’istituzione dell'Infrastruttura per l'informazione territoriale nella Comunità europea per gli scopi delle politiche ambientali comunitarie e delle politiche o delle attività che possono avere ripercussioni sull'ambiente. + + + + + rifiuti destinati alle discariche + rifiuti depositati sul terreno o nel terreno + + + + + + flussi di rifiuti da destinarsi a discarica + rifiuti depositati in discarica, caratterizzati secondo il catalogo europeo dei rifiuti e che si aggiungono all'inventario esistente della discarica; comprendono rifiuti di origine commerciale, industriale e domestica, mentre sono escluse le frazioni già recuperate per il riutilizzo, il riciclaggio o l'incenerimento + + + + + acque reflue organiche + acque reflue biodegradabili organiche contenenti inquinanti organici quali liquami, acque reflue industriali e simili + + + + + + efficacia delle politiche + impiego di particolari strumenti politici, in modo da aumentare la possibilità di raggiungere l'obiettivo politico stabilito + + + + + cambiamento della temperatura + cambiamento della temperatura media globale che può portare a cambiamenti climatici + + + + + desolforazione dei gas di scarico + tecnologie di abbattimento a valle del processo produttivo, di cui sono dotati i grandi impianti di combustione come le centrali elettriche + + + + richiesta chimica di ossigeno + + + codice tecnico + codice + celenterati + cogenerazione + @@ -8560,45 +22248,65 @@ co-incenerimento + + + coke + + freddo + + ecosistema delle zone fredde + + colibatteri + + colloide + + + + stato colloidale + colonizzazione + aerosol + + + @@ -8606,36 +22314,53 @@ colorimetria + + + colore + effetto combinato + + + + centrale a ciclo combinato + + + acqua mista di rifiuto + combustibilità + + motore a combustione + + + @@ -8644,12 +22369,16 @@ gas di combustione + residuo di combustione + + + @@ -8657,10 +22386,13 @@ commercializzazione + + diritto commerciale + @@ -8669,35 +22401,50 @@ rumore di origine commerciale + traffico commerciale + + + + + veicolo commerciale + rifiuto del commercio + + politica agricola comune + + + accordi comuni + comunicazione + + @@ -8707,11 +22454,13 @@ comunità (ecologia) + diritto comunitario + @@ -8719,66 +22468,92 @@ partecipazione della comunità + principio per cui la comunità paga + + traffico pendolare + + + pendolarismo + + compattamento + + + politica aziendale + + estetica + + diritto comparato + ricerca comparata (prova) + paragone + + compensazione + misura compensativa + tassa compensativa + + + competizione (biologica) + concorrenza economica + @@ -8786,28 +22561,38 @@ competitività + complessazione + agente complessante + + inquinamento combinato + compost + + + rifiuto degradabile + + @@ -8818,33 +22603,45 @@ compostaggio + + compostaggio da parte del produttore + + compressione + + compressore + + uso coercitivo + Comunità Europee + forestazione + + @@ -8852,6 +22649,7 @@ concentrazione + @@ -8864,50 +22662,73 @@ concentrazione (processo) + + + calcestruzzo + + industria dei manufatti di calcestruzzo + + + condensazione + + + conduttività + + conflitto d'uso + + conflitto di obiettivi + conflitto di interessi + congresso + conifere + + foresta di conifere + + Africa + @@ -8917,44 +22738,66 @@ conservazione + + conservazione dell'acqua dolce + + conservazione delle risorse genetiche + + + conservazione dei monumenti + + + postcombustione + + + diritto costituzionale + macchinario per l'edilizia + + rumore da costruzione + + costruzione di installazioni + + tecnologia delle costruzioni + + @@ -8963,15 +22806,23 @@ età + + + costruzione con materiale riciclato + + + lavori di costruzione + + @@ -8982,40 +22833,55 @@ consultazione + comportamento del consumatore + + bene di consumo + + gruppo di consumatori + + informazione al consumatore + + + tutela del consumatore + rifiuto da consumo + + consumo + + @@ -9023,6 +22889,8 @@ modello di consumo + + @@ -9038,6 +22906,8 @@ contenitore + + @@ -9047,14 +22917,18 @@ contenimento (industria nucleare) + suolo contaminato + + contaminazione + @@ -9064,19 +22938,23 @@ piattaforma continentale + carico continuo + coltura secondo curve di livello + contratto + @@ -9084,34 +22962,46 @@ impresa di pulizia + incendio controllato + zona di caccia controllata + + + + autorità di controllo + misura di controllo + + conurbazione + + convenzione + @@ -9121,6 +23011,7 @@ energia convenzionale + @@ -9130,116 +23021,155 @@ raffreddamento + olio per raffreddamento + torre di raffreddamento + + + + acqua di raffreddamento + + + cooperazione + principio di cooperazione + coordinazione + rame + bosco ceduo + + coralli + barriera corallina + + cordati + fusione del nocciolo (reattore nucleare) + + sughero + + corridoio + corrosione + inibitore della corrosione + + industria cosmetica + + + radiazione cosmica + + costi-benefici + analisi costi-benefici + accordo (legale) + aumento dei costi + rimborso spese + riduzione dei costi + costo + @@ -9253,49 +23183,65 @@ costi dell'inquinamento + + costi dell'economia nazionale + cotone + + accordo (contratto) + contea + Corte di appello + copertura + biotecnologie per l'agricoltura + + + artigianato + credito sulla fiducia + edificio agricolo + + @@ -9303,11 +23249,13 @@ criminalità + diritto penale + @@ -9316,19 +23264,27 @@ livello critico + + + carico critico + + + coccodrilli + protezione delle colture + @@ -9337,38 +23293,55 @@ rotazione delle colture + rifiuto dei raccolti + + attraversamento + + + attraversamento per animali + + + + petrolio greggio + + crociera (trasporti) + + + crostacei + crittogame + @@ -9379,19 +23352,25 @@ cristallizzazione + + cristallografia + pianta coltivata + + coltivazione + @@ -9408,20 +23387,27 @@ metodo di coltivazione + sviluppo culturale + ecologia agraria + + strutture culturali + + + @@ -9443,6 +23429,7 @@ patrimonio culturale + @@ -9456,14 +23443,17 @@ indicatore culturale + politica culturale + cultura + @@ -9473,18 +23463,25 @@ curriculum + norme consuetudinarie + + dogana + + economia agraria + + @@ -9492,53 +23489,75 @@ taglio (forestazione) + cianato + cianuro + effluente agricolo + + + ciclone + + citologia + citotossicità + ingegneria agraria + + azienda agricola per la produzione lattiera + + + industria lattiero-casearia + + prodotto lattiero-caseario + + diga + + + @@ -9546,71 +23565,97 @@ danno + + + danno da manovre militari + + prevenzione dei danni + esportazione di sostanze chimiche pericolose + + + + + prodotto pericoloso + + attrezzatura agricola + legge sulle merci pericolose + + disposizioni sui prodotti pericolosi + + acquisizione di dati + + analisi dei dati + + base di dati + supporto informatico + scambio di dati + elaborazione dati + @@ -9618,68 +23663,99 @@ protezione dei dati + + + tecnica di registrazione dati + sfruttamento agricolo + datazione + prodotto di decadimento + + + DDT + + + livello di rischio accettabile + + + debiti + restituzione del debito + + travaso + + decentramento + foresta di caducifoglie + + albero a foglie decidue + + + decisione (determinazione) + + processo decisionale + + + @@ -9688,10 +23764,15 @@ decomposizione + decontaminazione + + + + @@ -9700,46 +23781,62 @@ terreno agricolo + decreto + zona oceanica + giacimento in mare profondo + + affondamento di rifiuti in mare + + + pesca d'alto mare + cervi + + difesa + defoliazione + + deforestazione + + @@ -9747,6 +23844,7 @@ degradabilità + @@ -9755,11 +23853,15 @@ paesaggio coltivato + + degradazione + + @@ -9768,6 +23870,7 @@ degrado delle risorse naturali + @@ -9775,11 +23878,15 @@ prodotto di degradazione + + sgrassaggio + + @@ -9787,39 +23894,53 @@ disinchiostratura + + + delinquenza + + delta + + domanda + + democrazia + sviluppo demografico + evoluzione demografica + legislazione agricola + + @@ -9828,42 +23949,63 @@ demografia + + impresa di demolizioni + + + rifiuto di demolizione + + dimostrabilità + + dendrocronologia + macchinario agricolo + dendrometria + denitrificazione + + + + + + abbattimento dei composti di azoto dai gas + + + @@ -9871,6 +24013,7 @@ gestione agricola + @@ -9878,10 +24021,16 @@ materiale particolato depositato + deposizione + + + + + @@ -9889,28 +24038,39 @@ deregolamentazione + dermatteri + desalinazione + + + impianto di desalinazione + + + + accordo amministrativo + metodi agricoli + @@ -9936,10 +24096,14 @@ deserto + + desertificazione + + @@ -9947,35 +24111,48 @@ controllo della desertificazione + + locusta del deserto + disegno (progetto) + + studio compilativo + eluzione + + + infestante delle colture agricole + + desolforazione + + @@ -9984,6 +24161,11 @@ desolforazione dei combustibili + + + + + @@ -9995,14 +24177,18 @@ indagine + + rivelatore + pianificazione agricola + @@ -10010,89 +24196,121 @@ detergente + + metodo di determinazione + + deterrente + disintossicazione + paese sviluppato + + politica agricola + + debito dei paesi in via di sviluppo + paese in via di sviluppo + + aiuti per lo sviluppo + area in via di sviluppo + + cooperazione per lo sviluppo + modello di sviluppo (economia) + modello di sviluppo (società) + inquinamento agricolo + + pianificazione dello sviluppo + + piano di sviluppo + dialisi + + + + diatomee + dizionario + + didattica + @@ -10102,11 +24320,17 @@ motore diesel + + + + gasolio + + @@ -10116,27 +24340,41 @@ differenziamento + sorgente diffusa + + diffusione + + + + fango digerito + + + digestore + + + produzione agricola + @@ -10151,22 +24389,31 @@ digestione (rifiuti) + + modello digitale del territorio + + digitalizzazione + strada di accesso + + prodotto agricolo + + @@ -10174,10 +24421,13 @@ acido diluito + + diossine + @@ -10185,10 +24435,14 @@ introduttore diretto + + + direttiva + @@ -10202,10 +24456,13 @@ disabile + + disastro + @@ -10216,42 +24473,55 @@ opera di riassetto dopo una catastrofe + piano di protezione civile + protezione dalle catastrofi + preparazione in vista di disastri + prevenzione di disastri + soccorso in caso di disastro + + legislazione sugli scarichi + + + regime di efflusso + + malattia + @@ -10263,6 +24533,7 @@ causa di malattia + @@ -10279,95 +24550,144 @@ disinfettante + + disinfezione + + + + immagazzinamento di prodotti agricoli + + bolla di spedizione + dispersione + + calcolo della dispersione + + senza tetto + eliminazione dei cadaveri + + eliminazione di materiale bellico + + + + + dissoluzione + + + carbonio organico disciolto + + distillazione + + + + industria della distillazione + concorrenza distorta + distribuzione + + riscaldamento urbano + + impianto di riscaldamento urbano + + + + sito militare dismesso + + + fossato + + + DNA + + documento + @@ -10376,6 +24696,7 @@ documentazione + @@ -10386,11 +24707,15 @@ centro di documentazione + + + tipo di documento + @@ -10413,16 +24738,24 @@ cane + + rifiuto agricolo + + apparecchiatura domestica + + + + @@ -10430,26 +24763,35 @@ animale addomesticato + + combustibile domestico + + gasolio per riscaldamento + + rumore domestico + + accesso alla cultura + @@ -10457,10 +24799,14 @@ commercio interno + + rifiuto domestico + + @@ -10468,21 +24814,31 @@ discarica per rifiuti domestici + + + + acqua di rifiuto domestica + + + dosaggio + dose + + @@ -10491,18 +24847,25 @@ relazione dose-effetto + + + bozza di legge + libellule + drenaggio + + @@ -10510,6 +24873,7 @@ agricoltura + @@ -10530,23 +24894,35 @@ acqua di drenaggio + animale da traino + + materiale di dragaggio + dragaggio + + + + industria dell'agricoltura e dell'allevamento + + + + @@ -10554,23 +24930,33 @@ effluenti di frantoio + pesca di deriva + perforazione + + + installazione per trivellazione + + + acqua potabile + + @@ -10578,37 +24964,57 @@ area di protezione delle acque potabile + + + + + approvvigionamento di acqua potabile + + + trattamento dell'acqua potabile + + + siccità + + piano di inquadramento agricolo + + controllo della siccità + + abuso di farmaci + farmaco + + @@ -10617,28 +25023,40 @@ pulitura a secco + + + + deposizione secca + + + aridocoltura + essiccamento + disidratazione + + dualismo economico + @@ -10649,12 +25067,17 @@ gestione differenziata dei rifiuti + + + + scarico (attività) + @@ -10666,6 +25089,9 @@ prodotto chimico per l'agricoltura + + + @@ -10673,74 +25099,111 @@ discarica in terra + + + + duna + + durata dell'insolazione + + polvere + + immissione di polvere + + + depolverazione + obbligo di registrazione + + + abitazione + + + tintura + agroforestazione + + argine artificiale + + + rinforzo degli argini artificiali + + + sistema preventivo di allarme + accesso al mare + agroindustria + + + + crosta terrestre + + @@ -10749,10 +25212,12 @@ terremoto + scienze della terra + @@ -10764,6 +25229,7 @@ relazioni Terra-Sole + @@ -10771,44 +25237,56 @@ lombrichi + forbicine + agrometeorologia + + Africa orientale + Asia orientale + Europa orientale + relazioni est-ovest + commercio fra est e ovest + + Consiglio dei ministri della CE + direttiva della CE + @@ -10821,21 +25299,32 @@ + direttiva CE sui biocidi + + + direttiva CE sugli imballaggi + + + direttiva CE sullo smaltimento dei rifiuti + + direttiva CE sulla tutela delle acque + + @@ -10843,32 +25332,42 @@ marchio di qualità ecologica della CE + + + echinodermi + AIDS + ecosviluppo + + etichettatura ecologica + abbondanza ecologica + adattamento ecologico + @@ -10878,6 +25377,9 @@ valutazione ecologica + + + @@ -10887,21 +25389,25 @@ bilancio ecologico (biologia) + contabilità ecologica + aria + fattore ecologico + @@ -10913,10 +25419,15 @@ nicchia ecologica + + parametro ecologico + + + @@ -10946,10 +25457,13 @@ area sensibile dal punto di vista ecologico + inventario ecologico + + @@ -10957,10 +25471,13 @@ movimento ecologista + ecologia + + @@ -10970,20 +25487,26 @@ ecologia trofica + attività economica + efficienza economico-ecologica + + analisi economica + + @@ -10998,10 +25521,12 @@ sviluppo economico + crescita economica + @@ -11010,6 +25535,8 @@ strumento economico + + @@ -11017,15 +25544,22 @@ strumento di gestione economica + + + pianificazione economica + + politica economica + + @@ -11035,6 +25569,8 @@ incidente + + @@ -11046,10 +25582,14 @@ condizionamento dell'aria + + scienze economiche + + @@ -11062,11 +25602,14 @@ congiuntura + + sistema economico + @@ -11074,11 +25617,14 @@ teoria economica + + andamento economico + @@ -11086,14 +25632,19 @@ vitalità economica + zonizzazione economica + + + economia + @@ -11131,14 +25682,20 @@ ecopediatria + + ecofisiologia + + ecosistema + + @@ -11153,6 +25710,8 @@ analisi dell'ecosistema + + @@ -11160,6 +25719,9 @@ degrado degli ecosistemi + + + @@ -11170,12 +25732,15 @@ ricerca sugli ecosistemi + tipo di ecosistema + + @@ -11186,33 +25751,48 @@ ecoturismo + ecotossicità + + + valutazione ecotossicologica + + + + velivolo + + + ecotossicologia + ecotipo + + politica della UE + @@ -11222,6 +25802,7 @@ disposizioni della CE + @@ -11231,23 +25812,34 @@ disposizioni comunitarie sul controllo e la gestione ambientali + + + disposizioni comunitarie sui prodotti chimici esistenti + + edafologia + + + grasso alimentare + + educazione + @@ -11257,31 +25849,41 @@ emissioni dei motori aerei + + + istituzione educativa + pianificazione dell'educazione + politica dell'istruzione + sistema educativo + rumore di aerei + + effetti + @@ -11300,6 +25902,7 @@ effetti sulla salute + @@ -11312,11 +25915,13 @@ effetto sull'uomo + effetto sull'ambiente + @@ -11327,18 +25932,24 @@ ricerca degli effetti + criterio di efficienza + livello di efficacia + + effluente + + @@ -11346,41 +25957,56 @@ uovo + direttiva sulla VIA + legge sulla VIA + VIA (locale) + + elasticità + persona anziana + + ingegneria elettrotecnica + + + industria elettrica + + + dispositivo per l'immagazzinamento dell'energia elettrica + @@ -11388,32 +26014,43 @@ elettricità + ente per l'energia elettrica + + consumo di elettricità + produzione di elettricità + costi della produzione di energia elettrica + + industria per la fornitura di elettricità + linea elettrica + + + @@ -11421,11 +26058,15 @@ energia elettrica + impianto di produzione di energia elettrica + + + @@ -11440,51 +26081,76 @@ fornitura di energia elettrica + + veicolo elettrico + elettrocinetica + + + elettrolisi + + + + movimento dell'aria + + + materiale elettronico + + elettronica + scarto elettronico + + + disposizione sul materiale elettronico di scarto + + elettrosmog + + + inquinante atmosferico + @@ -11503,6 +26169,8 @@ apparecchiatura elettrotecnica + + @@ -11510,21 +26178,27 @@ industria elettrotecnica + + + elementi del gruppo 0 + elementi del gruppo I (alcalini) + elementi del gruppo II (alcalino-terrosi) + @@ -11533,6 +26207,7 @@ elementi del gruppo III + @@ -11541,6 +26216,7 @@ elementi del gruppo IV + @@ -11549,6 +26225,7 @@ elementi del gruppo V + @@ -11556,6 +26233,7 @@ elementi del gruppo VI + @@ -11563,6 +26241,7 @@ elementi del gruppo VII + @@ -11571,6 +26250,7 @@ elementi chimici + @@ -11583,6 +26263,8 @@ inquinamento dell'aria + + @@ -11592,16 +26274,19 @@ emancipazione + embrione + embriogenesi + @@ -11610,30 +26295,37 @@ legislazione di emergenza + piano di emergenza + soccorso di emergenza + misura di soccorso di emergenza + ricovero di emergenza + + emissioni + @@ -11673,6 +26365,12 @@ controllo delle emissioni + + + + + + @@ -11688,6 +26386,10 @@ dati sulle emissioni + + + + @@ -11695,6 +26397,7 @@ fattore di emissione + @@ -11703,6 +26406,11 @@ previsione delle emissioni + + + + + @@ -11712,11 +26420,19 @@ aeroporto + + riduzione delle emissioni + + + + + + @@ -11730,10 +26446,16 @@ accredito sulla riduzione di emissioni + + + registro delle emissioni + + + @@ -11742,14 +26464,21 @@ situazione delle emissioni + sorgente di emissioni + + + norme sulle emissioni + + + @@ -11759,11 +26488,15 @@ emissioni nell'acqua + + impiego + + @@ -11775,36 +26508,52 @@ occupazione e ambiente + + effetto del livello di occupazione + + emulsificazione + + emulsione + + incapsulamento + + enciclopedia + + specie animale in pericolo + + qualità dell'aria + + @@ -11814,33 +26563,48 @@ specie vegetale in pericolo + + specie in pericolo (IUCN) + + potenziale inquinamento della falda acquifera + + + sistema endocrino + + endocrinologia + + tecnologia a valle + + energia + + @@ -11852,61 +26616,85 @@ bilancio energetico + conservazione dell'energia + + consumo di energia + conversione di energia + + fabbisogno energetico + + + + controllo della qualità dell'aria + + dissipazione di energia + sistema di distribuzione di energia + + + + economia energetica + + rendimento energetico + + legislazione sull'energia + + gestione energetica + @@ -11916,21 +26704,29 @@ mercato dell'energia + + politica energetica + + processi energetici + + produzione di energia + + @@ -11947,16 +26743,21 @@ ricupero di energia + risorse energetiche + + gestione della qualità dell'aria + + @@ -11964,10 +26765,13 @@ risparmio di energia + fonte di energia + + @@ -11979,11 +26783,15 @@ sorgente di energia + + accumulo di energia + + @@ -11991,6 +26799,8 @@ fornitura di energia + + @@ -11998,12 +26808,15 @@ tecnologia energetica + + tipo di energia + @@ -12013,6 +26826,7 @@ uso di energia + @@ -12030,15 +26844,21 @@ modello di utilizzo dell'energia + + attuazione + motore + + + @@ -12046,60 +26866,85 @@ politica di espansione + programma di estensione + + uranio arricchito + + + arricchimento + + + disponibilità alimentare adeguata + incidente ambientale + + contabilità ambientale + + delibera sulla protezione dell'ambiente + sicurezza aerea + ansia ambientale + + architettura ecocompatibile + aspetti ambientali degli insediamenti umani + + + valutazione ambientale + + + @@ -12122,6 +26967,9 @@ criterio di valutazione ambientale + + + @@ -12134,12 +26982,16 @@ verifica ambientale + + consapevolezza ambientale + + @@ -12152,10 +27004,14 @@ bilancio ambientale + + cambiamento ambientale + + @@ -12170,27 +27026,41 @@ legislazione sui prodotti chimici ambientali + + + chimica ambientale + + compatibilità ambientale + + conseguenza ambientale + + pianificazione dello spazio aereo + + + conservazione ambientale + + @@ -12208,10 +27078,13 @@ pianificazione in vista di contingenze ambientali + + controllo ambientale + @@ -12221,6 +27094,8 @@ costi ambientali + + @@ -12229,14 +27104,19 @@ crimine ambientale + legislazione sui crimini ambientali + criterio ambientale + + + @@ -12248,15 +27128,23 @@ rilascio accidentale di organismi + + + + cultura ambientale + + + danno ambientale + @@ -12268,6 +27156,9 @@ dati sull'ambiente + + + @@ -12283,18 +27174,22 @@ sviluppo ambientale + temperatura dell'aria + + aspetti di economia ambientale + @@ -12316,25 +27211,34 @@ economia ambientale (scienza) + educazione ambientale + + imprese ambientali + + etica ambientale + + traffico aereo + + @@ -12345,37 +27249,50 @@ fondi per l'ambiente + pericolo ambientale + + + salute ambientale + pericoli per la salute di origine ambientale + valutazione sanitaria di impatto ambientale + protezione sanitaria ambientale + storia ambientale + + + impatto ambientale + + @@ -12393,6 +27310,9 @@ Valutazione di Impatto Ambientale + + + @@ -12401,65 +27321,92 @@ impatto ambientale dell'agricoltura + + impatto ambientale dell'acquacoltura + + + impatto ambientale dell'energia + + impatto ambientale della pesca + + + impatto ambientale delle attività forestali + + impatto ambientale delle attività domestiche + impatto ambientale dell'industria + + impatto ambientale delle attività ricreative + impatto ambientale del turismo + impatto ambientale dei trasporti + + + rapporto di impatto ambientale + + + studio di impatto ambientale + + + incentivo ambientale + @@ -12467,15 +27414,21 @@ indicatore ambientale + + indice ambientale + + industria ambientale + + @@ -12483,14 +27436,20 @@ legislazione inerente al traffico aereo + + + informatica ambientale + informazione ambientale + + @@ -12498,36 +27457,50 @@ reti di informazione ambientale + + sistema di informazione ambientale + + investimento per l'ambiente + ambientalismo + + diritto ambientale + regolamentazione del traffico aereo + + + applicazione delle leggi ambientali + + legislazione ambientale + @@ -12543,53 +27516,79 @@ legislazione ambientale agricola + + + processo legislativo ambientale + + responsabilità ambientale + licenza ambientale + + sostanza pericolosa per l'ambiente + + + fornitura rispettosa per l'ambiente + + + + prodotto sicuro per l'ambiente + + gestione aziendale ambientalmente corretta + + malattia legata all'ambiente + comportamento rispettoso dell'ambiente + azienda nociva per l'ambiente + + + gestione ambientale + + @@ -12616,19 +27615,26 @@ medicina ambientale + comportamento ambientale scorretto + monitoraggio ambientale + + + + rumore ambientale + @@ -12643,15 +27649,19 @@ percezione ambientale + + performance ambientale + pianificazione ambientale + @@ -12665,14 +27675,19 @@ trasporto aereo + + + piano ambientale + politica ambientale + @@ -12689,6 +27704,8 @@ strumenti di politica ambientale + + @@ -12696,6 +27713,7 @@ inquinamento dell'ambiente + @@ -12705,10 +27723,13 @@ priorità ambientale + + programma ambientale + @@ -12716,12 +27737,17 @@ interazione aria-acqua + + + + protezione dell'ambiente + @@ -12733,42 +27759,59 @@ agenzia per la protezione dell'ambiente + associazione di difesa dell'ambiente + + costi della protezione ambientale + protezione ambientale nell'industria + + provvedimento di protezione ambientale + organizzazione per la protezione ambientale + disposizioni sulla protezione ambientale + tecnologia per la protezione ambientale + + psicologia ambientale + + qualità dell'ambiente + + + + @@ -12776,10 +27819,15 @@ criterio di qualità ambientale + + + + obiettivo di qualità ambientale + @@ -12788,10 +27836,13 @@ standard di qualità ambientale + + rapporto sull'ambiente + @@ -12799,12 +27850,15 @@ ricerca ambientale + valutazione del rischio ambientale + + @@ -12812,55 +27866,76 @@ rischio ambientale + scienze ambientali + sicurezza ambientale + banca campioni ambientali + + + verifica ambientale (ecoaudit) + + + statistica ambientale + + + borsa valori ambientale + sovvenzione per l'ambiente + + bersaglio ambientale + allarme + insegnamento ambientale + + tecnologia ambientale + + @@ -12877,31 +27952,42 @@ terminologia ambientale + formazione ambientale + + valutazione ambientale (economica) + vandalismo ambientale + guerra ambientale + + + rispettoso per l'ambiente + + ambiente (in generale) + @@ -12912,26 +27998,33 @@ enzima + + epidemia + epidemiologia + + equidi + apparecchiature + @@ -12962,14 +28055,21 @@ dose equivalente + ergonomia + + + erosione + + + @@ -12978,109 +28078,146 @@ controllo dell'erosione + + + + biologia degli estuari + + aree di conservazione degli estuari + + ecosistema di estuari + + oceanografia degli estuari + estuario + + incisione con acido + + sostanza per incisione + + eteri + alcoli + etica + + etnologia + + + etologia + Consiglio dell'UE + Euratom + Europa + Commissione Europea + Corte di Giustizia Europea + Agenzia Europea per l'Ambiente + Consiglio Europeo dell'Ambiente + sorgente dell'incidente + riserva naturale europea + + Parlamento Europeo + Unione Europea + @@ -13102,18 +28239,24 @@ eutrofizzazione + + + alghe + valutazione + + @@ -13127,77 +28270,109 @@ criterio di valutazione + metodo di valutazione + valutazione della tecnologia + + + evaporazione + + + evapotraspirazione + evoluzione + scienze esatte + scavo (fossa) + + scavo (processo) + + + proliferazione algale + + + materiale di scavo + scavo + + + altezza eccessiva dei camini + + + + provvedimento esecutivo + dispositivo di scarico + + + gas di scarico + @@ -13207,16 +28382,21 @@ prodotti chimici già esistenti alla data del 18.09.1981 + + + specie esotica + spesa + @@ -13224,10 +28404,13 @@ algicida + + esperimento + @@ -13237,67 +28420,99 @@ sistema esperto + + esplorazione + + esplosione + esplosivo + + esportazione + + licenza di esportazione + + + esportazione di rifiuti pericolosi + + + + + + esposizione + esproprio + + allevamento estensivo di bestiame bovino + + costi ambientali esternalizzati (non computati) + + composto aliciclico + estinzione + specie estinta (IUCN) + + estrazione (attività) + + + @@ -13309,38 +28524,54 @@ idrocarburi aliciclici + industria estrattiva + + tessuto (prodotto) + fattore di mercato + agricoltura industriale + + batteri fecali + + + + composto alifatico + fallout + + + + @@ -13349,33 +28580,45 @@ area incolta + + maggese + + famiglia + pianificazione familiare + idrocarburi alifatici + carestia + + + animale di fattoria + + @@ -13384,25 +28627,32 @@ casa colonica + + terreni alcalini + tenuta agricola + + traffico veloce + fauna + @@ -13410,33 +28660,44 @@ autorità federale + governo federale + legislazione federale + retribuzione + alimentazione di animali + torbiera alcalina + + fermentazione + + + + @@ -13444,10 +28705,14 @@ felci + fertilizzante + + + @@ -13460,54 +28725,77 @@ legge sull'uso dei fertilizzanti + + + fibra + fibra di vetro + + campo + + danno al terreno + + + prova sul campo + ricerca sul campo + materiale di riempimento + distributore di carburante + + + + + film + + filtro + + @@ -13516,16 +28804,22 @@ residuo di filtrazione + + suoli alcalini + filtrazione (chimica) + + + @@ -13536,10 +28830,14 @@ immagazzinamento finale + + + finanza + @@ -13557,34 +28855,41 @@ assistenza finanziaria + risarcimento pecuniario + contributo finanziario + strumento finanziario + legge finanziaria + mercato finanziario + finanziamento + @@ -13594,51 +28899,65 @@ multa + polvere fine + incendio + misura antincendio + agente ignifugo + alcani + protezione contro gli incendi + requisiti per la prevenzione degli incendi + vigili del fuoco + + + cottura a fuoco + + + @@ -13646,6 +28965,8 @@ aziende + + @@ -13660,11 +28981,15 @@ malattia dei pesci + + + pesca (attività) + @@ -13683,6 +29008,7 @@ sfruttamento razionale della pesca industriale + @@ -13690,32 +29016,44 @@ risorse ittiche + + + economia della pesca + + politica della pesca industriale + + pesci + + piscicoltura + pesca (ricreazione) + + @@ -13725,91 +29063,137 @@ composto alchilico + industria della pesca + + + + legislazione sulla pesca + + riserva di pesca + + + + + peschereccio + + moria di pesci + + + patrimonio ittico + + tossicità del pesce + + + + accessori idraulici + spese di rimborso fisse + bandiere ombra + degassamento + + + + + test veloce + aroma (sostanza) + pulci + allergene + + flessibilità dell'approccio ambientale + + flocculante + + flocculazione + + + + piena + + @@ -13820,6 +29204,8 @@ controllo delle inondazioni + + @@ -13827,6 +29213,7 @@ allagamento + @@ -13836,27 +29223,37 @@ flora (biologia) + ricupero della flora + + + flottazione + + + corrente + fiore + piante con fiori + @@ -13871,82 +29268,118 @@ campo di moto + + + acque lotiche + gas dei fumi + allergia + fluidica + fluidizzazione + + + letto fluido + + + fluorizzazione + + + fluoro + risorse fluviali + + + trasporto fluviale + + + cenere volante + + + agente schiumogeno + + foraggio + + + nebbia + bruma + allocazione + fogliame + alimento + @@ -13959,39 +29392,60 @@ additivo alimentare + + catena alimentare + piano regolatore + + + colorante alimentare + + commercio di alimenti + + + + contaminazione degli alimenti + + + + igiene alimentare + + industria alimentare + + + @@ -14002,15 +29456,22 @@ irradiazione degli alimenti + + inquinante alimentare + + + + conservazione degli alimenti + @@ -14018,22 +29479,30 @@ industria della lavorazione degli alimenti + + + produzione alimentare (agricoltura) + + qualità degli alimenti + + fabbisogno alimentare + @@ -14041,15 +29510,21 @@ scienza dell'alimentazione + + immagazzinamento di derrate alimentari + + generi alimentari + + @@ -14072,29 +29547,45 @@ tecnologia alimentare + + trasporto di derrate alimentari + passaggio pedonale + + + contaminazione del foraggio + + + + legge sui foraggi + + + + lega + + @@ -14102,6 +29593,7 @@ previsione + @@ -14113,19 +29605,25 @@ preclusione + rapporti economici con l'estero + + politica estera + commercio con l'estero + + @@ -14133,6 +29631,8 @@ foresta + + @@ -14152,44 +29652,65 @@ alluvione + conservazione delle foreste + + distruzione della copertura forestale + + + + danno forestale + + ecosistema forestale + + + incendio di foresta + + + radiazione alfa + industria forestale + + + gestione delle foreste + + @@ -14197,19 +29718,27 @@ infestazione forestale + + + politica forestale + + produzione forestale + prodotto forestale + + @@ -14219,6 +29748,10 @@ riserve forestali + + + + @@ -14227,16 +29760,22 @@ valutazione delle risorse forestali + + risorse forestali + + + attività forestali + @@ -14256,15 +29795,21 @@ economia forestale + + diritto forestale + + legislazione forestale + + @@ -14272,12 +29817,14 @@ pratica forestale + forma di governo + @@ -14286,10 +29833,14 @@ fossile + combustibile fossile + + + @@ -14300,26 +29851,38 @@ incrostazione biologica + + + motore a quattro tempi + + + + legge quadro + libertà di informazione + + trasporto merci + + @@ -14329,10 +29892,14 @@ freon + + + acqua dolce + @@ -14346,10 +29913,13 @@ biologia delle acque dolci + + degrado delle acque dolci + @@ -14357,24 +29927,33 @@ ecosistema di acqua dolce + + materiale alternativo + monitoraggio delle acque dolci + + organismo di acqua dolce + + inquinamento delle acque dolci + + @@ -14382,25 +29961,34 @@ risorse di acqua dolce + + rane + gelata + + frutto + + + frutticoltura + @@ -14408,11 +29996,15 @@ albero da frutta + + combustibile + + @@ -14438,101 +30030,141 @@ additivo per carburanti + + + alcool combustibile + + + composizione dei combustibili + + + tecnologia alternativa + + consumo di combustibili + + olio combustibile + + deposito per combustibili + + + legna da ardere + + + fumo (particolato) + allumina + fumigazione + + sostanza funzionale + + funzione del suolo + miceti + funghi + alluminio + fungicida + + + pelliccia + + animale da pelliccia + + furani + fornace + @@ -14540,44 +30172,61 @@ mobile + contenitore di alluminio + industria dei mobili + + pellicceria + + gallinacei + contenuto in alluminio + + galvanizzazione + + selvaggina + + radiazione gamma + giardino + + + @@ -14587,37 +30236,53 @@ industria dell'alluminio + rifiuto di giardino + gariga + gas + + + gascromatografia + + azienda del gas + + + motore a gas + + + + inquinante atmosferico gassoso + @@ -14627,12 +30292,17 @@ stato gassoso + + trattamento dei gas + + + @@ -14641,20 +30311,31 @@ gassificazione + + + liquefazione del gas + + miscela gassosa + + rete di distribuzione del gas + + + + @@ -14662,36 +30343,59 @@ combustibile petrolio-alcool + + motore a benzina + + + + gasdotto + + + + centrale a gas + + + depurazione dei gas + + + riconduzione dei gas + + + serbatoio di gas + + fornitura di gas + + @@ -14701,40 +30405,56 @@ accumulo nei tessuti del corpo + + alveolo + + gasteropodi + impianto per la produzione di gas + + + relazioni tra i sessi + banca di geni + + regolamento di esecuzione + chimica generale + + gene + + @@ -14742,6 +30462,7 @@ diversità genetica + @@ -14749,12 +30470,15 @@ effetto genetico + ingegneria genetica + + @@ -14770,11 +30494,14 @@ legislazione sull'ingegneria genetica + + informazione genetica + @@ -14784,24 +30511,31 @@ amalgama + + + modificazione genetica + risorse genetiche + + genetica + @@ -14809,20 +30543,26 @@ variazione genetica + geodesia + + fattore geogenico + sistema informativo geografico + + @@ -14830,6 +30570,8 @@ geografia + + @@ -14843,11 +30585,15 @@ disastro geologico + + processi geologici + + @@ -14856,6 +30602,9 @@ geologia + + + @@ -14866,6 +30615,8 @@ processi geomorfici + + @@ -14874,36 +30625,47 @@ geomorfologia + + + geofisica + geotecnologia + energia geotermica + germe + + germinazione + germoplasma + Americhe + @@ -14912,6 +30674,8 @@ ghiacciaio + + @@ -14922,37 +30686,50 @@ glaciologia + + vetro + + industria del vetro + + aspetti globali + + convenzione globale + Fondo Globale per l'Ambiente + modello globale + + riscaldamento globale dell'atmosfera + @@ -14962,41 +30739,54 @@ glossario + colla + obiettivi economici di aziende individuali + + prova di Ames + + golf + amministrazione corretta + organo consultivo dello stato + edificio governativo + + + governo (istituzione) + @@ -15005,89 +30795,129 @@ spesa governativa per l'ambiente + garanzia governativa + politica di governo + ammine + cereale + + + erbe + amminoacidi + incendio di prateria + + cavallette + prateria erbosa + + + ecosistema di prateria + + ghiaia + + estrazione di ghiaia + + + cava di ghiaia + + + vegetazione per pascolo + + + ammoniaca + + + + cintura verde + + + edificio ecocompatibile + corridoio verde + + tassa ambientale + + @@ -15103,10 +30933,13 @@ coltivazione in serra + effetto serra + + @@ -15114,6 +30947,9 @@ gas a effetto serra + + + @@ -15126,14 +30962,25 @@ sovescio + + + + rivoluzione verde + + + spazio verde + + + + @@ -15143,38 +30990,58 @@ ortaggi verdi + + triturazione + + + prodotto nazionale lordo + ammonificazione + + + acqua sotterranea + + estrazione di acqua sotterranea + + + inquinamento della falda + + protezione delle acque sotterranee + + + comportamento di gruppo + @@ -15185,30 +31052,42 @@ ammonio + accumulatore + + golfo + + + gimnosperme + gesso (lavorato) + + + habitat + + @@ -15216,29 +31095,38 @@ ematologia + + grandine + tempo di dimezzamento + + + aloformio + bifenili alogenati + idrocarburi alogenati + @@ -15248,11 +31136,14 @@ fenoli alogenati + inquinante alogenato + + @@ -15260,47 +31151,63 @@ terfenili alogenati + impresa artigiana + + + artigianato manuale + porto + + + durezza + + rifiuto di difficile smaltimento + inquinamento da acque di rifiuto + + armonizzazione delle leggi + raccolto + pericoli + @@ -15313,12 +31220,17 @@ rischio derivato da inquinanti + + + sostanza pericolosa + + @@ -15326,15 +31238,22 @@ legislazione sulle sostanze pericolose + + discarica per rifiuti pericolosi + + rifiuto pericoloso + + + @@ -15343,18 +31262,24 @@ materiale da lavoro pericoloso + + foschia + margine di campo coltivato a fasce + + salute + @@ -15365,6 +31290,7 @@ cura della salute + @@ -15379,6 +31305,7 @@ relazioni ambiente-salute + @@ -15391,6 +31318,7 @@ anfibi + @@ -15398,12 +31326,16 @@ infrastruttura sanitaria + + + rischio per la salute + @@ -15420,6 +31352,8 @@ legislazione sanitaria + + @@ -15427,6 +31361,7 @@ protezione della salute + @@ -15436,65 +31371,97 @@ regolamento sanitario + + parco dei divertimenti + + + + biotecnologie collegate alla salute + + + servizio sanitario + + danno all'udito + + procedura delle udienze + protezione dell'udito + + + udito + + calore + + centrale combinata per la produzione di energia e il riscaldamento + + + + + apparecchiatura per riscaldamento + + brughiera + + riscaldamento (industria) + + @@ -15503,6 +31470,9 @@ impianto termico + + + @@ -15510,16 +31480,22 @@ pompa di calore + + accumulo di calore + + fornitura di calore + + @@ -15528,20 +31504,32 @@ condizione anaerobica + + + traffico merci pesante lento + + + carico da metalli pesanti + + + + + metallo pesante + @@ -15555,80 +31543,111 @@ siepe + + erbicida + + + erbivoro + composti eterociclici + processo anaerobico + + + istruzione superiore + ecosistema di altopiano + + alta montagna + + alimento altamente proteico + costruzione di grande altezza + + ferrovia ad alta velocità + + treno ad alta velocità + acqua di alta marea + + linea elettrica a alta tensione + + + superstrada + + collina + + analisi + @@ -15653,74 +31672,108 @@ evoluzione storica + monumento di valore storico + + ricerca storica + sito di valore storico + + programma di analisi + storia + + campo per vacanze + + + vacanza + + chimica analitica + + cavallo + + orticoltura + ospedale + + + + rifiuto di ospedale + + industria alberghiera + + + + acqua calda + + apparecchiatura per analisi + + nucleo familiare + @@ -15729,19 +31782,27 @@ prodotto chimico per uso domestico + + casalinghi + + metodo di analisi + + alloggio + + @@ -15757,40 +31818,53 @@ densità di abitazioni + + finanziamento per l'alloggio + miglioria degli alloggi + + legislazione sugli alloggi + fabbisogno di abitazioni + programma di assegnazione di alloggi + + standard di qualità degli alloggi + anatidi + restauro di immobili + + @@ -15800,10 +31874,12 @@ biologia umana + malattia umana + @@ -15832,15 +31908,21 @@ ecologia umana + + + esposizione dell'uomo agli inquinanti + + salute umana + @@ -15849,6 +31931,7 @@ disastro provocato dall'uomo + @@ -15858,14 +31941,19 @@ patologia umana + + fisiologia umana + + popolazione umana + @@ -15877,6 +31965,8 @@ anatomia + + @@ -15894,6 +31984,8 @@ diritti umani + + @@ -15901,6 +31993,9 @@ insediamento umano + + + @@ -15917,16 +32012,21 @@ gestione degli insediamenti umani + humus + + caccia + + @@ -15934,21 +32034,30 @@ riserva di caccia + + + uragano + + ibridizzazione + costruzione idraulica + + + @@ -15959,6 +32068,8 @@ ingegneria idraulica + + @@ -15968,61 +32079,85 @@ idraulica + + idrobiologia + + + idrocarburi + acido cloridrico + coltivazione idroponica + centrale idroelettrica + + + + idrogeno + idrogeno solforato + + idrogeologia + idrografia + + angiosperme + disastro idrologico + + + bilancio idrologico + + @@ -16031,6 +32166,8 @@ ciclo idrologico + + @@ -16046,27 +32183,37 @@ idrologia + + idrolisi + pesca sportiva + + idrometeorologia + + energia idrica + + idrosfera + @@ -16077,58 +32224,79 @@ igiene + imenotteri + ghiaccio + + + iceberg + + + banchisa + + + identificazione degli inquinanti + + ideologia + elaborazione di immagini + codice IMCO + + + imbastardimento della fauna spontanea + imbastardimento della flora spontanea + immissione + @@ -16138,40 +32306,66 @@ controllo delle immissioni + + + + + legge sul controllo delle immissioni + + + + + danno da immissioni + + + + comportamento animale + previsione delle immissioni + + + + limite delle immissioni + + + + carico di immissione + sistema immunitario + + @@ -16179,23 +32373,32 @@ immunità + saggio immunologico + + malattia immunologica + immunologia + + + valutazione degli impatti + + @@ -16205,20 +32408,27 @@ minimizzazione degli impatti + + conimetro ad urto + prevenzione degli impatti + + sorgente di impatto + + @@ -16229,20 +32439,27 @@ legge esecutiva + importazione + + licenza di importazione + malattia degli animali + + + @@ -16251,31 +32468,44 @@ impoverimento + impregnante + + impregnazione + miglioramento del grado di efficienza + carico improvviso di inquinanti + + rumore impulsivo + incenerimento + + + + + @@ -16286,6 +32516,10 @@ incenerimento di rifiuti + + + + @@ -16297,39 +32531,55 @@ inceneritore + + pendio + + reddito + + incorporazione + + sterco come combustibile + + + indennizzo + Oceano Indiano + indicatore + + + @@ -16340,87 +32590,131 @@ deposizione acida + + + ecologia animale + indicatore di gestione ambientale + + + + indicatore di qualità ambientale + foresta indigena + + + tecnologia indigena + + introduttore indiretto + inquinamento atmosferico in ambiente confinato + + + + sperimentazione animale + ambiente confinato + + + area industriale + + + associazione industriale + + + edificio industriale + + coltura industriale + sviluppo industriale + + scarico industriale + + economia industriale + + effluente industriale + + alimento per animali + + + + @@ -16428,6 +32722,8 @@ emissioni industriali + + @@ -16438,6 +32734,8 @@ politica ambientale aziendale + + @@ -16446,6 +32744,7 @@ apparecchiatura industriale + @@ -16467,10 +32766,14 @@ fumi industriali + + installazione industriale + + @@ -16482,41 +32785,59 @@ industrializzazione + + legislazione industriale + + + materiale per l'industria + + genetica animale + + medicina del lavoro + + + rumore di origine industriale + + pianificazione industriale + + impianto industriale + + @@ -16540,6 +32861,7 @@ politica industriale + @@ -16554,11 +32876,14 @@ inquinamento industriale + + processi industriali + @@ -16636,14 +32961,21 @@ produzione industriale + + statistica della produzione industriale + + + prodotti industriali + + @@ -16679,10 +33011,15 @@ diritto di protezione industriale + + sito industriale + + + @@ -16695,35 +33032,56 @@ fango industriale + + + società industriale + + + rifiuto industriale + + + gas di rifiuto industriale + + + acqua di rifiuto industriale + + + zonizzazione industriale + + + + industria + + @@ -16772,36 +33130,53 @@ alloggio per animali + + + inertizzazione + + rifiuto inerte + mortalità infantile + + infezione + + + malattia infettiva + infestazione di raccolti + + + allevamento di animali + + @@ -16815,28 +33190,41 @@ infestazione di alimenti + + + infiltrazione + + sostanza infiammabile + + + afflusso + + negoziato informale + informatica + + @@ -16849,6 +33237,8 @@ informazione + + @@ -16870,21 +33260,25 @@ trattamento dell'informazione + servizio informativo + fonte d'informazione + sistema informativo + @@ -16897,30 +33291,41 @@ tecnologia dell'informazione + + infrazione + radiazione infrarossa + concime animale + + + + infrasuono + infrastrutture + + @@ -16939,51 +33344,74 @@ abitante + + lesione + + inchiostro + pesca interna + navigazione interna + + acque interne + + trasporto su vie di navigazione interna + + + rumore di animali + + innovazione + + chimica inorganica + + fertilizzante inorganico + + + + @@ -16996,15 +33424,21 @@ inquinante inorganico + + nutrizione degli animali + + + sostanze inorganiche + @@ -17026,16 +33460,21 @@ insetticida + + + insettivori + insetti + @@ -17051,37 +33490,49 @@ in situ + + ispezione + esame dei documenti + + servizio di ispezione + + installazione soggetta ad approvazione + istituzionalizzazione + industria delle apparecchiature + fisiologia animale + + @@ -17089,10 +33540,16 @@ materiale insonorizzante + + + assicurazione + + + @@ -17101,104 +33558,146 @@ compagnia di assicurazioni + + + copertura assicurativa + + + riserva naturale integrale + + tecnologia integrata per la protezione ambientale + + controllo integrato delle infestazioni + controllo integrato dell'inquinamento + + + + allevamento intensivo di animali + coltura intensiva + interazione di pesticidi + + + + scambio di dati informatizzati + acidificazione + ricerca interdisciplinare + interessi + gruppo di interesse + decisione provvisoria + test ad anello + + produzione animale + + prodotto intermedio (economia) + + + rumore intermittente + mercato europeo interno + + internalizzazione di costi ambientali + accordo internazionale + concorrenza internazionale + prodotto animale + + @@ -17207,44 +33706,56 @@ convenzione internazionale + cooperazione internazionale + Corte di Giustizia Internazionale + distribuzione internazionale + divisione internazionale del lavoro + + relazioni ambientali internazionali + armonizzazione internazionale + protezione degli animali (movimento) + + + diritto internazionale + @@ -17252,10 +33763,14 @@ ecosistema di importanza internazionale + + + organizzazione internazionale + @@ -17267,11 +33782,13 @@ politica internazionale + relazioni internazionali + @@ -17286,6 +33803,8 @@ bacino fluviale internazionale + + @@ -17293,44 +33812,59 @@ sicurezza internazionale + + standardizzazione internazionale + commercio internazionale + + corso d'acqua internazionale + risorse animali + + metodo di interpretazione + zona intertidale + + intervento su natura e paesaggio + + inventario + + @@ -17338,22 +33872,28 @@ inventario dei danni forestali + + inversione + strato di inversione + + invertebrati + @@ -17365,42 +33905,65 @@ investimento + animale da macello + + + prova in vitro + + + prova in vivo + + + iodio + scambio ionico + + + + scambiatore di ioni + + + + riparo per animali + + + radiazione ionizzante + @@ -17411,21 +33974,26 @@ ionosfera + + ione + ferro + animali + @@ -17440,58 +34008,84 @@ industria del ferro + + industria dei prodotti in ferro + + irradiazione + + + irrigazione + + canale di irrigazione + + + coltura irrigua + + fibra tessile animale + isola + + ecosistema insulare + + isolamento (processo) + + + + isomero + commercio di animali + + @@ -17499,15 +34093,21 @@ isotopo + avorio + rifiuto animale + + + + @@ -17519,18 +34119,22 @@ debito totale + attuazione comune (Conferenza di Rio) + assistenza giudiziaria + organo giudiziario + @@ -17538,63 +34142,82 @@ norme giuridiche + anione + giurisdizione + giurisprudenza (scienza) + + carso + immagazzinamento + + cherosene + + anellidi + etichettatura + + laboratorio + + esperimento di laboratorio + ricerca di laboratorio + + tecnica di laboratorio + @@ -17609,11 +34232,15 @@ rifiuto di laboratorio + + lavoro + + @@ -17624,15 +34251,22 @@ antagonismo + + + diritto del lavoro + + mercato del lavoro + + @@ -17640,22 +34274,30 @@ rapporti di lavoro + + vernice alla cellulosa + laguna + + + bacino lacustre + + @@ -17663,20 +34305,28 @@ inquinamento di lago + + lago + + lampada + + territorio (geografia) + + @@ -17697,63 +34347,96 @@ effetto antagonistico di sostanze tossiche + + accesso al territorio + parcellizzazione fondiaria + + + + + catasto dei terreni e delle proprietà + + capacità del terreno + dissodamento + + + Antartide + conservazione del territorio + + accorpamento parcellare + + + copertura del suolo + + + sviluppo del territorio + + + + ecologia terrestre + + + + discarica + + @@ -17768,27 +34451,44 @@ interramento di discarica + + degassificazione di discarica + + + + gas di discarica + + + lisciviato di discarica + + + + prosciugamento di terreno + + forme del rilievo terrestre + + @@ -17806,19 +34506,27 @@ ecosistema antartico + + mammifero terrestre + occupazione del suolo + + + pianificazione territoriale + + @@ -17830,28 +34538,43 @@ inquinamento del territorio + + + Oceano Antartico + conquista di territorio + + catasto dei terreni + + + + bonifica del territorio + + + + paesaggio + @@ -17863,69 +34586,107 @@ paesaggio delle zone minerarie + + regione antartica + alterazione del paesaggio + architettura del paesaggio + elemento del paesaggio + conservazione del paesaggio + + politica di conservazione del paesaggio + + ecologia del paesaggio + + + gestione del paesaggio + + pianificazione del paesaggio + + protezione del paesaggio + + area di protezione del paesaggio + + consumo del paesaggio + + + + + + + uso del paesaggio + + + + + + assetto del territorio + + + + @@ -17944,16 +34705,28 @@ frana + + + trasporto via terra + + uso del territorio + + + + + + + @@ -17962,6 +34735,9 @@ azione antropica + + + @@ -17971,143 +34747,207 @@ classificazione dell'uso del territorio + + + + + pianificazione dell'utilizzazione del territorio + + + + regime del suolo + + + + valore fondiario + + grande impianto di combustione + + + laser (radiazione) + acidità + fattori antropogeni + lavanderia + + + legge + emendamento legislativo + riserva antropologica + + applicazione della legge + legislazione sul vicinato + diritto (scienza) + + dilavamento (chimica) + + + + + piombo + composto del piombo + contaminazione da piombo + legislazione sul contenuto in piombo dei carburanti + + + livello ematico del piombo + + + antibiotico + + + + foglia + perdita + cuoio + + industria del cuoio + + base legale + anticorpo + + diritto legittimo + disposizioni legali + ricorso legale + testo legislativo + legislazione + @@ -18120,10 +34960,13 @@ previsione del pericolo + legislazione sull'inquinamento + + @@ -18132,26 +34975,38 @@ legislazione sulle risorse idriche + + + autorità legislativa + + competenza legislativa + + informazione legislativa + legislatura + + attività ricreative + + @@ -18166,34 +35021,45 @@ tempo libero + + + lepidotteri + agente antiincrostante + + leucemia + imposta + lessico + + responsabilità civile + @@ -18204,41 +35070,56 @@ responsabilità per incidenti marittimi + + responsabilità per danni nucleari + + legislazione sulla garanzia + biblioteca + + + + + concessione di licenza + procedura di concessione di licenza + obbligo di licenza + licheni + grado di acidità + @@ -18246,11 +35127,14 @@ ciclo vitale + scienze della vita + + @@ -18263,78 +35147,114 @@ stile di vita + luce + illuminazione + + + separatore per liquidi leggeri + + lignite + + + estrazione di lignite + + + calce + + + + calcare + + valore limite (pianificazione) + + incentivo antiinquinamento + + limnologia + + sorgente lineare di suono + materiale impermeabilizzante + + + sorgente lineare + + lipidi + + sostanza lipofila + gas liquefatto + + @@ -18342,40 +35262,53 @@ concime liquido + + + stato liquido + rifiuto liquido + letteratura + + banca dati di letteratura + critica letteraria + + ricerca bibliografica + + litosfera + @@ -18383,19 +35316,27 @@ immondizia sparsa + litorale + + valore AOX + + + bestiame + + @@ -18403,211 +35344,289 @@ allevamento controllato di bestiame + allevamento di bestiame + condizioni di vita + risorse biologiche marine + + spazio vitale + + lucertole + capacità portante + + autorità locale + condominio + + finanza locale + politica locale + riscaldamento domestico fornito da impianti industriali situati nelle vicin + + materiale locale da costruzione + servizio di trasporto locale + + + + traffico locale + + + localizzazione di industrie + + + locomotiva + apicoltura + + traffico interurbano + + + trasporto su lunga distanza + + effetto a lungo termine + + + effetto a lungo termine degli inquinanti + + esperimento a lungo termine + previsione a lungo termine + tendenze a lungo termine + camion + perdita (economica) + perdita di biotopi + + livello di percezione sonora + alloggio a basso costo + + + appello + Camera dei deputati + specie a basso rischio (IUCN) + + magra + + volo a bassa quota + + + + + procedura di appello + tecnologia di basso livello + lubrificante + luminosità + ecologia applicata + liscivia + sistema linfatico + + lisimetria + nutrizione applicata + industria dei macchinari + + obiettivi di macroeconomia + macroeconomia + scienze applicate + @@ -18619,46 +35638,59 @@ nastro magnetico + magnetismo + indirizzario + manutenzione dell'ambiente + + incidente grave + malaria + malformazione + + malnutrizione + tecnologia appropriata + + mammiferi + @@ -18672,10 +35704,13 @@ uomo (società) + + gestione + @@ -18690,10 +35725,13 @@ accordo gestionale + gestione delle risorse naturali + + @@ -18701,26 +35739,33 @@ piano di gestione + mandato + mangrovia + palude a mangrovie + autorizzazione alle installazioni + cambiamento del clima ad opera dell'uomo + + @@ -18729,6 +35774,8 @@ rapporto uomo-ambiente + + @@ -18739,20 +35786,31 @@ manodopera + + attività manufatturiere + + commercio di manufatti + + + letame + + + + @@ -18762,6 +35820,8 @@ produzione di letame + + @@ -18769,6 +35829,9 @@ acquacoltura + + + @@ -18779,6 +35842,8 @@ carta (geografia) + + @@ -18787,41 +35852,66 @@ mappatura + + mappatura dei licheni + + + + marmo + + + terre marginali + + + maricoltura + + marina (porto turistico) + + + + biologia marina + + + riserve marine + + animale acquatico + + @@ -18829,28 +35919,39 @@ ecologia marina + + + ecosistema marino + + ingegneria navale + + ambiente marino + fauna marina + + pesca in mare + @@ -18860,42 +35961,60 @@ geologia marina + ecologia acquatica + monitoraggio del mare + + + + organismo marino + + inquinamento del mare + + riserva marina + + + conservazione delle risorse del mare + + sedimento marino + ecosistema acquatico + + @@ -18906,29 +36025,44 @@ diritto marittimo + + navigazione marittima + + trasporto marittimo + + + marcatore + + + tracciante + + + mercato + + @@ -18938,27 +36072,34 @@ economia di mercato + forma di mercato + marketing + ricerca di mercato + marsupiali + mass media + + @@ -18967,15 +36108,19 @@ mammifero acquatico + ricreazione di massa + + separazione di sostanze + @@ -18988,10 +36133,15 @@ trasporto di massa (fisica) + + + + materiali + @@ -18999,17 +36149,22 @@ bilancio di materia + + ciclo di vita dei materiali + scienza dei materiali + + @@ -19017,42 +36172,65 @@ prova dei materiali + + analisi matematica + metodo matematico + pioggia acida + + microorganismo acquatico + concentrazione massima ammissibile + + + + + + + massima concentrazione di immissione + + + + + + + organismo acquatico + + @@ -19063,15 +36241,20 @@ prato + + + mezzi di trasporto + misurazione (in generale) + @@ -19084,24 +36267,32 @@ metodo di misura + programma di misura + carne + + + ingegneria meccanica + scienze mediche + + @@ -19122,20 +36313,27 @@ rifiuto medico + pianta medicinale + + pianta acquatica + + medicina + + @@ -19147,43 +36345,57 @@ Area mediterranea + bosco mediterraneo + + + fusione (processo) + + membrana + + effetto mentale + mercurio + contaminazione da mercurio + + struttura ricreativa acquatica + metabolismo + @@ -19195,32 +36407,46 @@ metabolismo dei pesticidi + + metabolita + + metainformazione + rifinitura dei metalli + acquedotto + + minerale metallico + + + + industria metallurgica + + @@ -19228,29 +36454,38 @@ ossido metallico + placcatura di metalli + acquifero + + prodotto metallico + industria dei prodotti metallici + + metallo + + @@ -19261,10 +36496,12 @@ fusione dei metalli + lavorazione dei metalli + @@ -19272,6 +36509,9 @@ disastro meteorologico + + + @@ -19279,15 +36519,19 @@ previsione meteorologica + + parametro meteorologico + fenomeno meteorologico + @@ -19308,24 +36552,29 @@ meteorologia + + metano + acido + metodologia + @@ -19339,54 +36588,77 @@ coltura dei campi + metropoli + + + risorse microbiche + + analisi microbiologica + + microbiologia + + microclima + effetto microclimatico + microclimatologia + + microcomputer + microecosistema + + microelettronica + + microfiltrazione + + + microorganismo + @@ -19394,48 +36666,62 @@ microinquinante + microscopia + microonde + + manodopera migrante + + migrazione umana + + migrazione animale + uccello migratore + specie migratrice + aspetti militari + attività militari + + @@ -19446,34 +36732,51 @@ traffico aereo militare + + + zona militare + latte + + mulino + + miniera + + + riempimento di miniera + + + + giacimento minerario + + @@ -19483,36 +36786,50 @@ estrazione di minerali + + + fibra minerale + industria della lavorazione dei minerali + + mineralizzazione + + arboricoltura + mineralogia + + risorse minerali + + + @@ -19520,6 +36837,10 @@ minerale + + + + @@ -19531,20 +36852,30 @@ acqua minerale + + + pianificazione del costo minimo + minimizzazione del danno + distretto minerario + + + + + @@ -19554,60 +36885,82 @@ ingegneria mineraria + geologia mineraria + industria mineraria + + + zona archeologica + + legislazione mineraria + + + regolamentazione dell'attività mineraria + + + bonifica di zone minerarie + + + rifiuto da attività mineraria + decreto ministeriale + ministero + archeologia + minoranza + prodotti vari + @@ -19623,47 +36976,62 @@ miscibilità + + arcipelago + acari + misura attenuativa + coltura mista + foresta mista + + area a destinazioni multiple + + miscelazione + casa mobile + + + modello + @@ -19671,30 +37039,40 @@ modellistica + umidità + + biologia molecolare + + + molluschi + valutazione monetaria + monitoraggio + + @@ -19716,16 +37094,23 @@ criteri di monitoraggio + + dati del monitoraggio + + + apparecchiatura per monitoraggio + + @@ -19735,19 +37120,26 @@ rete di monitoraggio + stazione di monitoraggio + + + + sistema di monitoraggio + tecnica di monitoraggio + @@ -19764,35 +37156,50 @@ monopolio + monumento + + torbiera (area) + convinzione morale + morfologia (biologica) + + mortalità + + + muschi + architettura + + + + @@ -19801,10 +37208,14 @@ motocicletta + carburante + + + @@ -19817,6 +37228,9 @@ veicolo a motore + + + @@ -19829,6 +37243,9 @@ emissioni di veicoli a motore + + + @@ -19836,25 +37253,38 @@ gas di scarico dei veicoli a motore + + + industria dei veicoli a motore + + + autostrada + + + filtro acustico + + montagna + + @@ -19862,14 +37292,19 @@ ecosistema montano + + alpinismo + area montuosa + + @@ -19879,48 +37314,67 @@ catena montuosa + + ecosistema artico + + mietitura + terreno inondabile dall'alta marea + + sedimento fangoso + pacciame + + + + accordo multilaterale + Oceano Artico + impresa multinazionale + + area gestita per uso multiplo + nettezza urbana + + @@ -19928,33 +37382,44 @@ servizio di nettezza urbana + + + regione artica + politica ambientale comunale + + comune + legislazione municipale + livello comunale + rifiuto urbano + + @@ -19969,69 +37434,100 @@ sistema di distribuzione urbana dell'acqua + + + areale di distribuzione + + gestione dell'acqua municipale + + + + sistema muscolare + + museo + + fungo + musica + + mitilicoltura + + mustelidi + mutagenicità + + test di mutagenicità + agente mutageno + + + mutante + rilascio di microorganismi mutati + + + + mutazione + @@ -20039,59 +37535,78 @@ micologia + + micorriza + area di potenziale inquinamento + + + + programma nazionale di conservazione + economia nazionale + contabilità ambientale nazionale + beni culturali + nazionalizzazione + + legislazione nazionale + parco nazionale + + pianificazione nazionale + riserve nazionali + area naturale + @@ -20100,6 +37615,8 @@ disastro naturale + + @@ -20108,10 +37625,13 @@ sistema di drenaggio naturale + ambiente naturale + + @@ -20121,11 +37641,16 @@ isolamento acustico + + fertilizzante naturale + + + @@ -20134,6 +37659,8 @@ fibra naturale + + @@ -20141,10 +37668,16 @@ foresta naturale + + gas naturale + + + + @@ -20152,20 +37685,30 @@ prospezione di gas naturale + + + estrazione di gas naturale + + + pericoli naturali + + patrimonio naturale + + @@ -20173,14 +37716,18 @@ diritti della natura + ecosistema dei territori aridi + + materiale naturale + @@ -20197,10 +37744,13 @@ monumento naturale + parco naturale + + @@ -20208,20 +37758,27 @@ radioattività naturale + territorio arido + conservazione delle risorse naturali + + + + risorse naturali + @@ -20235,10 +37792,12 @@ paesaggio naturale + scienze naturali + @@ -20249,6 +37808,8 @@ pietra naturale + + @@ -20258,28 +37819,41 @@ valore naturalistico + + + organizzazione per la conservazione della natura + conservazione della natura + + + legislazione sulla conservazione della natura + programma di conservazione della natura + + protezione della natura + + + @@ -20287,6 +37861,8 @@ riserva naturale + + @@ -20295,65 +37871,92 @@ nausea + pericolo per la navigazione + + + necrosi + necessità + + programma di miglioramento di quartiere + + + armamento + nematodi + sistema nervoso + + conversione degli armamenti + + riduzione netta delle risorse + + politica di rete (commercio delle emissioni industriali) + + + + neurotossicità + + neutralizzazione + + forze armate + @@ -20361,49 +37964,69 @@ nuova comunità + nuova installazione + + materiale innovativo + nuove tecnologie + + nichel + nitrato + + + + nitrificazione + + + + composto aromatico + nitrito + nitrocomposti + azoto + + @@ -20412,23 +38035,34 @@ ciclo dell'azoto + diossido di azoto + + fissazione dell'azoto + + + + monossido di azoto + + ossidi di azoto + + @@ -20437,21 +38071,29 @@ nitrosammine + idrocarburi aromatici + NOEL + + + + + rumore + @@ -20461,60 +38103,83 @@ abbattimento del rumore + + analisi del rumore + barriera antirumore + + controllo del rumore + + disturbo da rumore + + emissione di rumore + + imposta sulle emissioni di rumore + + tecnologia silenziosa + + sostanza aromatica + + immissione di rumore + + + legislazione sul rumore + + livello del rumore + @@ -20522,22 +38187,28 @@ misura del rumore + monitoraggio del rumore + inquinante acustico + + inquinamento acustico + + @@ -20548,6 +38219,8 @@ protezione dal rumore + + @@ -20555,6 +38228,9 @@ riduzione del rumore + + + @@ -20565,6 +38241,7 @@ tipi di rumore + @@ -20577,23 +38254,32 @@ accordo sulla cauzione + + nomade + nomenclatura + inquinante non biodegradabile + + zona non edificata + + + @@ -20604,6 +38290,7 @@ energia non convenzionale + @@ -20616,24 +38303,30 @@ industria dei metalli non ferrosi + + arsenico + metallo non ferroso + organizzazione non governativa + radiazione non ionizzante + @@ -20642,40 +38335,58 @@ minerale non metallico + + + + non metallo + fonte di energia non inquinante + + combustibile non inquinante + + + + arte + risorse energetiche non rinnovabili + + risorse non rinnovabili + + edilizia non residenziale + + @@ -20684,41 +38395,53 @@ contenitore monouso + + + + organismo non-bersaglio + norma + normazione + Africa del Nord + America del Nord + Oceano nord Atlantico + Oceano nord Pacifico + livello acustico + @@ -20729,10 +38452,14 @@ alimento modificato geneticamente + + incidente nucleare + + @@ -20741,6 +38468,7 @@ artropodi + @@ -20748,38 +38476,56 @@ energia nucleare + + legislazione sull'energia nucleare + + + uso dell'energia nucleare + + esplosione nucleare (incidente) + + articolati + struttura nucleare + + + fissione nucleare + + combustibile nucleare + + + @@ -20787,32 +38533,55 @@ barre di combustibile nucleare + + + + fusione nucleare + + fisica nucleare + + + dibattito sul nucleare + + + + centrale nucleare + + + + smantellamento di una centrale nucleare + + + + reazione nucleare + + @@ -20822,6 +38591,10 @@ reattore nucleare + + + + @@ -20830,62 +38603,91 @@ centro di ricerca nucleare + + + sicurezza nucleare + + + test nucleare + + + + arma nucleare + + + acidi nucleici + + disturbo + coltura in vivaio + mezzo nutritivo + + bilancio dei nutrienti + contenuto in nutrienti + + + + ciclo dei nutrienti + rimozione dei nutrienti + + nutriente + nutrizione (alimentazione) + @@ -20895,87 +38697,125 @@ valore nutritivo degli alimenti + quercia + + obiezione + obbligo di informazione + + obbligo di etichettatura + + malattia professionale + + categoria professionale + igiene del lavoro + + cura della salute occupazionale + + + medicina occupazionale + + + sicurezza sul lavoro + + + disposizioni sulla sicurezza del lavoro + + + oceano + lago artificiale + + + circolazione oceanica + + corrente oceanica + scarico nell'oceano + + + Oceania + oceanografia + + @@ -20983,88 +38823,128 @@ temperatura dell'oceano + + odonati + odore + + + disturbo provocato da odori + criminalità ambientale + ufficio + obbligo ufficiale + udienza ufficiale + pendolarismo al di fuori delle ore di punta + + spostamenti al di fuori delle ore di punta + + lavoro al di fuori delle ore di punta + + politica di compensazione (commercio delle emissioni industriali) + + + + attività mineraria in alto mare + + + perforazioni petrolifere al largo + + off-site + + agente olio-assorbente + + + + + energia da olio combustibile + barriera di contenimento galleggiante + + + disastro petrolifero + + + @@ -21073,10 +38953,16 @@ prospezione di petrolio + + + estrazione di petrolio + + + @@ -21085,15 +38971,26 @@ industria degli olii e dei grassi + + + oleodotto + + + + + inquinamento da petrolio + + + @@ -21102,73 +38999,122 @@ abbattimento dell'inquinamento da petrolio + + + + nave per il ricupero del petrolio sversato + + + + + raffineria di petrolio + + + + raffinazione del petrolio + recupero dei residui del petrolio + + + + + + argillite petrolifera + + chiazza di petrolio + + + spandimento di idrocarburi + + + + petroliera + + + vecchia discarica + + + + + sito inquinato + + + vecchio impianto + + inquinamento olfattivo + + olfattometria + oncocercosi + satellite artificiale + + + @@ -21176,22 +39122,32 @@ oncologia + + attività mineraria a cielo aperto + + + pesca d'altura + dati operativi + + opinione + + @@ -21201,23 +39157,32 @@ ottimizzazione delle installazioni + + + minerale metallifero + + organo + + carbonio organico + + @@ -21225,20 +39190,26 @@ chimica organica + + coltura biologica + proprietà acustiche + inquinante organico + + @@ -21246,15 +39217,23 @@ amianto + + + + + solvente organico + + sostanze organiche + @@ -21272,6 +39251,7 @@ rifiuto organico + @@ -21279,6 +39259,7 @@ organismi (tassonomia) + @@ -21297,11 +39278,13 @@ composto organoclorurato + composti alogenati organici + @@ -21309,6 +39292,7 @@ composti metallorganici + @@ -21316,6 +39300,7 @@ composti organici azotati + @@ -21325,6 +39310,7 @@ composti organici ossigenati + @@ -21334,54 +39320,72 @@ composti fosforo-organici + composti organosiliconici + composti organici solforati + composti organici dello stagno + cemento-amianto + + + ornitologia + orografia + + ortotteri + osmosi + + ASEAN + turismo locale + + cappellaccio + + @@ -21389,20 +39393,30 @@ sovraffollamento + sfruttamento eccessivo + + uso eccessivo di fertilizzanti + + + + + cenere + + @@ -21410,33 +39424,48 @@ pesca eccessiva + + + pascolo eccessivo + + + + cavo di tensione sospeso + + + sovrappopolazione + circolazione (limnologia) + + svernamento + proprietà + @@ -21444,20 +39473,24 @@ ossidazione + ossidoriduzione + ossido + Asia + @@ -21467,32 +39500,46 @@ agente ossidante + + ossigeno + + ossigenazione + + contenuto in ossigeno + + + povero di ossigeno + + + ozono + + @@ -21501,28 +39548,42 @@ potenziale di riduzione dell'ozono + + + + strato di ozono + + distruzione dello strato di ozono + + + ozonizzazione + + + imballaggio + + @@ -21533,6 +39594,9 @@ acustica + + + @@ -21540,38 +39604,51 @@ rifiuto da imballaggio + + vernice + impresa di tinteggiatura e verniciatura + + negozio di vernici + + paleontologia + carta + industria della carta + + parametro + + @@ -21627,164 +39704,239 @@ parassita + parassitologia + + + parcheggio per automobili + + + area di parcheggio + + + + Parlamento + assimilazione + partecipazione + particella + separatore di particelle + + trasporto passeggeri + + prateria da pascolo + + + rifiuto pastoso + patogeno + + + organismo patogeno + + effetto patologico + + patologia + + modello di crescita urbana + + + associazione + torba + + + + estrazione di torba + + + + + zona pedonale + + pedosfera + sanzione per danni ambientali + sanzione (misura coercitiva) + pentaclorofenolo + dati pro capite + + + percloroetilene + astronautica + + acqua di percolazione + + periphyton + + ecosistema del permafrost + + astronomia + + permeabilità + + + limite ammissibile di esposizione + + + + + + permesso + @@ -21799,24 +39951,38 @@ perossiacetil nitrato + + persistenza + persistenza dei pesticidi + + + + + + responsabilità personale + organismo infestante + + + + @@ -21825,6 +39991,7 @@ controllo delle infestazioni + @@ -21833,44 +40000,74 @@ pesticida + + + + norme di controllo dei pesticidi + + + percorso dei pesticidi + + residuo di pesticida + + + + + infestazione + + + animale domestico + + industria petrolchimica + + + + benzina + + + atlante + + petrolio + + @@ -21880,24 +40077,32 @@ consumo di petrolio + + geologia petrolifera + industria del petrolio + + conservazione delle risorse petrolifere + + atmosfera + @@ -21905,81 +40110,120 @@ fanerogame + industria farmaceutica + + + rifiuto farmaceutico + + + cinetica farmacologica + + + farmacologia + + fenoli + feromoni + + filosofia + + fosfato + + + eliminazione dei fosfati + + + sostituto dei fosfati + + + fosforo + agente fotochimico + + + effetto fotochimico + ossidante fotochimico + + + prodotto fotochimico + + + reazione fotochimica + + @@ -21988,15 +40232,21 @@ smog fotochimico + + fotogrammetria + + + fotografia (immagine) + @@ -22004,10 +40254,14 @@ chimica dell'atmosfera + + fotosintesi + + @@ -22015,23 +40269,31 @@ circolazione atmosferica + + condizione fisica + geografia fisica + + oceanografia fisica + pianificazione dello spazio fisico + + @@ -22040,6 +40302,7 @@ inquinante fisico + @@ -22047,6 +40310,7 @@ inquinamento fisico + @@ -22054,6 +40318,7 @@ processi fisici + @@ -22085,6 +40350,7 @@ proprietà fisiche + @@ -22123,6 +40389,9 @@ componenti dell'atmosfera + + + @@ -22132,6 +40401,8 @@ scienze fisiche + + @@ -22144,6 +40415,8 @@ processi chimico-fisici + + @@ -22168,10 +40441,15 @@ depurazione fisico-chimica + + + fisica + + @@ -22179,11 +40457,15 @@ composizione dell'atmosfera + + fisiologia + + @@ -22192,24 +40474,35 @@ fitomassa + fitopatologia + + + + fitoplancton + + fitosociologia + + emissioni atmosferiche + + @@ -22221,40 +40514,58 @@ fitotossicità + + + impianto di decapaggio + + immagine da satellite + + umidità atmosferica + pilotaggio + + + impianto pilota + + progetto pilota + + pinnipedi + stratificazione atmosferica + + @@ -22263,20 +40574,32 @@ condotta + + + + conduttura + + + + + pianura + piano + + @@ -22296,19 +40619,27 @@ sorgente piana + + plancton + + sviluppo urbano pianificato + + + pianificazione + @@ -22325,10 +40656,12 @@ modello atmosferico + legislazione sulla pianificazione + @@ -22336,6 +40669,9 @@ misura pianificatoria + + + @@ -22349,26 +40685,31 @@ permesso di pianificazione + sistema di bilancio per la pianificazione e la programmazione + coltivazione di piante + comunità vegetale + parti della pianta + @@ -22379,6 +40720,8 @@ malattia delle piante + + @@ -22386,18 +40729,24 @@ attrezzatura per impianti + genetica vegetale + + cura delle piante + monitoraggio dell'atmosfera + + @@ -22405,19 +40754,26 @@ prodotto fitosanitario + + + plantigradi + piantumazione + fisiologia vegetale + + @@ -22426,14 +40782,22 @@ protezione delle piante + + test di prodotti per la protezione delle piante + + + ozono atmosferico + + + @@ -22442,6 +40806,7 @@ piante + @@ -22460,65 +40825,91 @@ fibra tessile vegetale + commercio di piante + + + + tecnologia del plasma + + plastica + materiale particolato atmosferico + rifiuto di plastica + + platino + parco giochi + + fisica dell'atmosfera + + plutonio + bracconaggio + + sorgente puntiforme + + veleno + + + + avvelenamento + @@ -22527,6 +40918,8 @@ inquinamento atmosferico + + @@ -22535,37 +40928,50 @@ ecosistemi polari + + regione polare + + + polder + + polizia + diritto di polizia + precipitazione atmosferica + + + politica gestionale + @@ -22592,9 +40998,11 @@ + politica + @@ -22603,10 +41011,12 @@ regolamento di politica gestionale + strumento politico + @@ -22626,12 +41036,15 @@ integrazione delle politiche gestionali + politica di conservazione + + @@ -22639,42 +41052,53 @@ pianificazione delle politiche + consultazione politica + dottrina politica + ecologia politica + geografia politica + organizzazione politica + partito politico + potere politico + processi atmosferici + + + @@ -22682,11 +41106,13 @@ polline + inquinanti + @@ -22708,27 +41134,34 @@ assorbimento di inquinanti + accumulo di inquinanti + analisi degli inquinanti + + scienze dell'atmosfera + + valutazione degli inquinanti + @@ -22737,6 +41170,7 @@ comportamento degli inquinanti + @@ -22748,10 +41182,12 @@ concentrazione di inquinanti + degradazione degli inquinanti + @@ -22759,22 +41195,27 @@ deposizione di inquinanti + dispersione degli inquinanti + distribuzione degli inquinanti + struttura dell'atmosfera + + @@ -22783,6 +41224,7 @@ eliminazione degli inquinanti + @@ -22791,6 +41233,7 @@ emissione di inquinanti + @@ -22804,36 +41247,51 @@ esposizione agli inquinanti + + + formazione di inquinanti + immissione di inquinanti + + + immobilizzazione degli inquinanti + livello degli inquinanti + carico inquinante + mobilizzazione degli inquinanti + monitoraggio degli inquinanti + + + + @@ -22841,6 +41299,7 @@ percorso degli inquinanti + @@ -22852,26 +41311,35 @@ riduzione degli inquinanti + ri-mobilizzazione degli inquinanti + identificazione delle fonti inquinanti + + materiale inquinato + principio inquinatore-pagatore + + + inquinamento + @@ -22884,6 +41352,9 @@ abbattimento dell'inquinamento + + + @@ -22894,6 +41365,10 @@ apparecchiatura per il disinquinamento + + + + @@ -22903,6 +41378,9 @@ controllo dell'inquinamento + + + @@ -22910,25 +41388,35 @@ dispositivo per il controllo dell'inquinamento + + + disposizioni sul controllo dell'inquinamento + + tecnologia per la gestione dell'inquinamento + + criteri di inquinamento + + effetto dell'inquinamento + @@ -22937,14 +41425,24 @@ indicatore d'inquinamento + + + + responsabilità per l'inquinamento + + carico di inquinamento + + + + @@ -22956,30 +41454,47 @@ misura dell'inquinamento + + monitoraggio dell'inquinamento + + + + norme sull'inquinamento + + + + rischio di inquinamento + + bacino di inquinamento + + + fonte di inquinamento + + @@ -22989,77 +41504,98 @@ bifenili polibromurati + bifenili policlorurati + policlorodibenzo-p-diossina + dibenzofurani policlorurati + terfenili policlorurati + idrocarburi aromatici policiclici + idrocarburi policiclici + polietilentereftalato + polimerizzazione + polimeri + + cloruro di polivinile + + stagno + + bacino di decantazione degli sterili di miniera + pozza + + distribuzione della popolazione + dinamica della popolazione + popolazione (ecologia) + @@ -23067,19 +41603,24 @@ ecologia delle popolazioni + + crescita della popolazione + movimento di popolazioni + struttura della popolazione + @@ -23090,52 +41631,75 @@ tendenza della popolazione + post-trattamento + + + attribuzione + potassa + + estrazione di salgemma + + pollame + + allevamento di pollame + + povertà + + ente per l'energia + + + relazione calore-lavoro + + centrale elettrica + + + @@ -23143,57 +41707,77 @@ precipitazione chimica + + + aumento delle precipitazioni + predatore + edificio prefabbricato + mezzi audiovisivi + + procedimento preliminare + premio (assicurativo) + + conservazione delle prove + conservante + + conserva + stampa + + spremitura + + pressione + @@ -23201,6 +41785,7 @@ gruppo di pressione + @@ -23208,6 +41793,7 @@ attinidi + @@ -23215,6 +41801,7 @@ misura sanitaria preventiva + @@ -23222,6 +41809,9 @@ prezzo + + + @@ -23233,10 +41823,13 @@ politica dei prezzi delle risorse + + autorità + @@ -23248,74 +41841,96 @@ istruzione elementare + consumo di energia primaria + + settore primario + autorizzazione + primati + foresta primaria + + principio precauzionale + principio dello sviluppo sostenibile + + industria grafica + tipografia + consenso previa informazione + notifica preliminare per il trasporto di rifiuti pericolosi + + veicolo privato + + + abitazione privata + diritto privato + autoecologia + @@ -23330,36 +41945,45 @@ settore privato + trasporto privato + privatizzazione + + proboscidati + procarioti + diritto processuale + rilevamento automatico + lavorazione + @@ -23369,18 +41993,23 @@ tecnologia dei processi + acqua per processi industriali + + garanzia del produttore + prodotti + @@ -23391,54 +42020,79 @@ confronto di prodotti + + + valutazione del prodotto + + + identificazione del prodotto + + + informazione sui prodotti + + produttività + + andamento della produttività + garanzia dei prodotti + norma sui prodotti + profitto netto + industria automobilistica + + + dati prognostici + + + + programma + @@ -23449,31 +42103,42 @@ idrogramma + + divieto + progetto + processo di propagazione + + + + propellente + + proprietà dei materiali + @@ -23494,22 +42159,30 @@ protezione della proprietà + tecnica di propulsione + + incriminazione + prosperità + + area protetta + + @@ -23531,126 +42204,176 @@ paesaggio protetto + + specie protetta + + area di protezione delle acque + + + protezione dai confinanti + + protezione degli uccelli + + protezione delle specie + + sistema di protezione + proteine + + protocollo + + protozoi + provincia + autorità regionale + effetto psichico + effetto psicologico + stress psicologico + psicologia + + effetto psicosomatico + disturbi psicosomatici + valanga + + accesso pubblico al territorio + provvedimento pubblico + bagno pubblico + + + + edificio pubblico + + pubblico dominio + + + + limite di emergenza pubblica (a breve termine) + + + + + finanza pubblica + finanziamento pubblico + igiene pubblica + @@ -23660,21 +42383,27 @@ audizione pubblica + attinio + protezione dalle valanghe + + informazione pubblica + + @@ -23687,6 +42416,7 @@ diritto pubblico + @@ -23694,46 +42424,65 @@ opinione pubblica + indagine demoscopica + + parco pubblico + + + + partecipazione popolare + compartecipazione pubblica-privata + fornitura pubblica + + ufficio del pubblico ministero + costruzione di vie di comunicazione + + + + settore pubblico + servizio pubblico + + @@ -23749,15 +42498,24 @@ trasporto pubblico + + + mezzo di trasporto comunale + + servizi di pubblica utilità + + + + @@ -23765,6 +42523,9 @@ opere pubbliche + + + @@ -23772,31 +42533,44 @@ malattia polmonare + pasta di cellulosa + industria della pasta di cellulosa + pompa + + pompaggio + + acquisto + depurazione + + + + + @@ -23810,6 +42584,11 @@ attrezzature per la depurazione + + + + + @@ -23821,38 +42600,57 @@ impianto di depurazione + + + + + + purina + legislazione inerente all'aviazione + + pirolisi + + + + garanzia di qualità + + avifauna + controllo di qualità + + qualità della vita + @@ -23861,24 +42659,33 @@ cava + + + estrazione in cava + + relazioni razziali + radar + + radiazione + @@ -23900,6 +42707,10 @@ danno da radiazioni + + + + @@ -23907,46 +42718,69 @@ dose delle radiazioni + effetto delle radiazioni + + + + esposizione alle radiazioni + + + monitoraggio delle radiazioni + fisica delle radiazioni + + + protezione da radiazioni + + + legislazione sulla protezione dalle radiazioni + + malattia da radiazioni + + radio + + contaminazione radioattiva + + @@ -23954,78 +42788,109 @@ decontaminazione radioattiva + + + scarico radioattivo + + + emissione radioattiva + + fallout radioattivo + + inquinante radioattivo + + sostanze radioattive + + tracciante radioattivo + + tecnica del tracciante radioattivo + rifiuto radioattivo + + + gestione dei rifiuti radioattivi + + radioattività + radionuclide + + livello di base + + radon + straccio + + veicolo su rotaia + @@ -24033,6 +42898,7 @@ traffico ferroviario + @@ -24040,10 +42906,14 @@ trasporto ferroviario + + ferrovia + + @@ -24051,48 +42921,68 @@ pioggia + + foresta pluviale + + + radiazione di fondo + incorporazione nelle nuvole seguita da precipitazione + + acqua piovana + + rialzamento del terreno + random test + rapa + + treno metropolitano + + specie rara + + materia prima + + @@ -24102,36 +42992,52 @@ consumo di materia prima + + assicurazione delle materie prime (azione) + + cinetica di reazione + reattore + + + + sicurezza del reattore + + + riforestazione + + + batteri + @@ -24140,37 +43046,53 @@ ragionevolezza + tecnologia del DNA ricombinante + raccomandazione + letto batterico + + registrazione di sostanze + + ricupero del paesaggio + + + ricupero della fauna + + sito abbandonato + + + + @@ -24178,14 +43100,20 @@ battericida + + piano di ricupero + ricreazione + + + @@ -24197,6 +43125,11 @@ zona per la ricreazione + + + + + @@ -24205,16 +43138,25 @@ riciclabilità + + + plastica riciclabile + + + materiale riciclato + + + @@ -24222,11 +43164,16 @@ carta riciclata + + + riciclaggio + + @@ -24235,137 +43182,200 @@ gestione del riciclaggio + + legge sul riciclaggio e sui rifiuti + + batteriologia + + potenziale del riciclaggio + + percentuale di riciclaggio + + ricorso (amministrazione) + marea rossa + + riduzione chimica + + canne + scogliera + + + raffineria + + + + raffinazione + riflessione + misura del riflesso + + + refrigerante + + + industria della refrigerazione + + + refrigerazione + + frigorifero + + + rifugio + profugo (rifugiato) + veicolo per la raccolta di rifiuti + + + + combustibile derivato da rifiuti + + + compost fanghi-rifiuti + + + rigenerazione + ammodernamento di vecchi impianti + + + regione + convenzione regionale + sviluppo regionale + legislazione regionale + piano regionale + + + pianificazione regionale + @@ -24373,73 +43383,97 @@ normativa regionale + statistica regionale + + struttura locale + registrazione + procedimento di registrazione + + materia prima rinnovabile + + + disposizioni sui limiti massimi ammissibili + + ordinanza + legislazione regolativa + bilancio (economia) + regolamento legislativo + risanamento + rialloggiamento + + reintroduzione + + relazione causa-effetto + rilascio di organismi + + @@ -24449,24 +43483,35 @@ religione + gruppo di azione + bilanciamento degli interessi + + telerilevamento + + + + + + rimozione + @@ -24474,16 +43519,23 @@ rinaturazione + + + fonte di energia rinnovabile + + risorse rinnovabili + + @@ -24491,37 +43543,52 @@ alloggi in affitto + assistenza tecnica + + + sostituzione + costi di compensazione + processo di notifica + + + + rappresentanza + rigenerazione (combustibile nucleare) + + + riproduzione (biologica) + @@ -24531,10 +43598,12 @@ manipolazione riproduttiva + rettili + @@ -24543,11 +43612,16 @@ servizio di salvataggio + + + + ricerca + @@ -24562,6 +43636,9 @@ centro di ricerca + + + @@ -24569,16 +43646,22 @@ progetto di ricerca + riserve biologiche + + + riserva di acqua + + @@ -24586,12 +43669,17 @@ area residenziale + + + edificio abitativo + + @@ -24600,18 +43688,26 @@ zona residenziale con dossi di rallentamento + + + + + acqua residua + rischio residuo + rifiuto residuo + @@ -24621,38 +43717,52 @@ analisi dei residui + + + + + + attività bancaria + riciclaggio dei residui + resina + resistenza (biologica) + risoluzione (atto) + riassorbimento + + risorse + @@ -24664,11 +43774,18 @@ valutazione di risorse + + + conservazione delle risorse + + + + @@ -24680,6 +43797,7 @@ sfruttamento di risorse + @@ -24689,12 +43807,20 @@ riserva per le risorse + + + + gestione delle risorse + + + + @@ -24707,32 +43833,43 @@ respirazione + aria respiratoria + malattia respiratoria + divieto di scarico + + + dispositivo per la protezione della respirazione + + + sistema respiratorio + + @@ -24740,15 +43877,20 @@ vie respiratorie + + responsabilità + ricupero degli impatti + + @@ -24756,113 +43898,163 @@ forma quiescente + restauro + misura di risanamento + + bario + restrizione alla produzione + + limitazioni sull'uso + commercio al dettaglio + + bacino di trattenuta + + ammodernamento + ritorno alla natura + contenitore riutilizzabile + + + + + carbone attivo + + riutilizzazione di materiali + + restauro del manto vegetale + + + osmosi inversa + + + + riso + + + diritto di petizione + diritto di proprietà + diritto di compensazione + diritto all'informazione + + + inanellamento + dilavamento (idrologia) + + + zona ripariale + + innalzamento + innalzamento del livello del mare (idrologia) + + + rischio + @@ -24877,11 +44069,14 @@ analisi dei rischi + + valutazione del rischio + @@ -24904,23 +44099,32 @@ analisi rischi-benefici + + comunicazione dei rischi + percezione del rischio + + riduzione del rischio + + fiume + + @@ -24930,29 +44134,40 @@ sviluppo di bacino fluviale + + canalizzazione dei fiumi + + monitoraggio del livello di base + inquinamento dei fiumi + + acqua fluviale + strada + + + @@ -24965,29 +44180,39 @@ costruzione di strade + + manutenzione stradale + base (chimica) + sicurezza stradale + + sale da spargere + + traffico su strada + + @@ -25000,14 +44225,21 @@ ingegneria del traffico stradale + + trasporto su strada + + roccia + + + @@ -25021,70 +44253,97 @@ fango attivo + + + esigenza alimentare di base + lana di roccia + + roditori + basicità + radice + forno a suola rotante + + + percorso + + pianificazione dei percorsi + + + + gomma + trattamento della gomma + industria dei lavorati della gomma + + + rifiuto di gomma + basidiomiceti + ruscellamento + + @@ -25093,6 +44352,8 @@ area rurale + + @@ -25104,33 +44365,49 @@ ambiente rurale + + popolazione rurale + + insediamenti rurali + + + + agriturismo + + + + fabbisogno agricolo di acqua + + processo discontinuo + sicurezza + @@ -25142,11 +44419,14 @@ analisi della sicurezza + + misura di sicurezza + @@ -25170,12 +44450,16 @@ norma sulla sicurezza + + norma di sicurezza + + @@ -25183,28 +44467,40 @@ norme di sicurezza per edifici + + studio sulla sicurezza + + salamandre + salinizzazione + salmonella + + contenuto di sale + + + + @@ -25212,19 +44508,28 @@ carico salino + + + palude salmastra + + prato salmastro + + acque per balneazione + + @@ -25234,15 +44539,20 @@ duomo salino + + sale + acqua salata + + @@ -25250,20 +44560,27 @@ ricupero in mare + + + campionamento + + tecnica di campionatura + sanzione + @@ -25273,49 +44590,75 @@ sabbia + + stabilizzazione delle dune di sabbia + + + + + dune di sabbia + estrazione di sabbia + + cava di sabbia + + + sanitari + + + discarica controllata + + misure sanitarie + piano di risanamento + + indice saprobico + + + batteria + + @@ -25324,41 +44667,55 @@ saprobio + + satellite + risparmio + + + segatura + smaltimento di batterie + + schistosomiasi + scuola + + insegnamento scolastico + scienze + @@ -25376,24 +44733,33 @@ informazione scientifica e tecnica + cooperazione scientifica + + politica scientifica + procedimento di valutazione + + materiale di scarto (rifiuti) + + + @@ -25403,34 +44769,47 @@ mercato dell'usato + + prezzo dell'usato + + rottame metallico + + + carcassa di veicolo + baia + + schermatura + + mare + @@ -25442,39 +44821,61 @@ fondo del mare + + + sfruttamento del fondo marino + + + attività mineraria sul fondo marino + + circolazione del mare + + spiaggia + + livello del mare + + innalzamento del livello del mare (effetto) + + + sigillatura + + + + + @@ -25482,14 +44883,23 @@ guarnizione + + + + + scarico in mare + + risorse marine + + @@ -25497,52 +44907,70 @@ riva del mare + + stagione + migrazione stagionle + acqua di mare + desalinazione dell'acqua di mare + + protezione delle acque marine + + biotopo secondario + + istruzione secondaria + settore secondario + spiaggiamento + merce di seconda mano + + + settore dell'economia + @@ -25550,24 +44978,34 @@ sicurezza delle installazioni + + bacino sedimentario + + sedimentazione (processo industriale) + + sedimentazione (geologia) + + sedimento + + @@ -25578,88 +45016,124 @@ trasporto di sedimenti + + seme + disinfettante delle sementi + + + filtrazione d'acqua + + + acqua di infiltrazione + + + attività sismica + monitoraggio sismico + + + onda marina di origine sismica + + sequestro + sequestro dei profitti + selezione di tecnologia + + incrocio selettivo di animali + incrocio selettivo di piante + selenio + programma di autogestione + automonitoraggio + + + autodepurazione + + + ecosistema dei territori semiaridi + + semiconduttore + + @@ -25667,14 +45141,20 @@ semilavorato + + protezione delle api + + + semi-metallo + @@ -25682,30 +45162,39 @@ area sensibile + + analisi della sensibilità + raccolta differenziata + vacche da carne + + separazione alla fonte + separatore + + @@ -25713,30 +45202,38 @@ fossa settica + + sequestro dei beni + serpenti + area attrezzata + + api + servizi + @@ -25760,6 +45257,8 @@ concentrazione di insediamenti + + @@ -25772,29 +45271,45 @@ espansione urbana incontrollata + + + vasca di decantazione + + acque luride + + smaltimento delle acque di fogna + + campo di spandimento + + + + + fango di fogna + + @@ -25806,15 +45321,22 @@ sistema di trattamento delle acque di fogna + + + coleotteri + rete fognaria + + + @@ -25823,10 +45345,12 @@ molluschi e crostacei + comportamento + @@ -25834,14 +45358,19 @@ dispositivo di schermatura + + + coltivazione itinerante + nave + @@ -25852,14 +45381,22 @@ cantieristica navale + + + incidente di navigazione + + + + comportamento delle sostanze + @@ -25868,27 +45405,41 @@ rifiuto di navigazione + + + smaltimento di rifiuti in navigazione + + + stand di tiro + + + + negozio + + + modello di comportamento + @@ -25899,54 +45450,76 @@ centro commerciale + + + spettacolo + + organismo utile + + + frantumatore + + sminuzzatore di rifiuti + arbusto + area di smistamento + + sick building syndrome + + + effetto secondario + + effetti secondari dei prodotti farmaceutici + + setacciamento + @@ -25954,30 +45527,43 @@ silenziatore + + + silicio + + silo + + + + limo + + argento + voce in capitolo + @@ -25985,6 +45571,8 @@ simulazione + + @@ -25993,51 +45581,76 @@ sinterizzazione + + scelta del sito + + + dimensionamento + + sci + pelle + + deturpazione del panorama + + zona bentonica + + + scoria + mattatoio + + + + rifiuto di mattatoio + + macellazione + + + @@ -26045,43 +45658,63 @@ sonno + + ecosistema bentico + + disturbo del sonno + scarpata + fango + + + digestione dei fanghi + + + + incenerimento dei fanghi + + + bacino di decantazione dei fanghi + + trattamento dei fanghi + + @@ -26090,86 +45723,121 @@ paratoia piana + + + piccola e media industria + + benthos + + Piccoli Stati Insulari + fornace in scala ridotta + + + induttore a scala ridotta + smog + benzene + emergenza smog + + + + + fumo (in generale) + + prevenzione del fumo + + fumo (azione) + + + + colubridi + neve + + benzopirene + slavina + imbibizione + sapone + comportamento sociale + @@ -26193,6 +45861,7 @@ condizione sociale + @@ -26204,19 +45873,24 @@ costo sociale + + internalizzazione dei costi + sviluppo sociale + differenziazione sociale + @@ -26224,6 +45898,7 @@ dinamica sociale + @@ -26234,11 +45909,14 @@ strutture sociali + + gruppo sociale + @@ -26254,12 +45932,17 @@ indicatore sociale + interventi sul territorio + + + + @@ -26281,39 +45964,49 @@ medicina sociale + + + comportamento orientato al sociale + movimento sociale + partecipazione sociale + politica sociale + berillio + problema sociale + processi sociali + @@ -26322,21 +46015,25 @@ assistenza sociale + sicurezza sociale + servizi sociali + struttura sociale + @@ -26344,29 +46041,37 @@ indagine sociale + sistema sociale + radiazione beta + valori sociali + + benessere sociale + + società + @@ -26381,32 +46086,45 @@ aspetti socioeconomici degli insediamenti umani + + + fattore socioeconomico + + impatto socioeconomico delle biotecnologie + + + industria delle bevande + + ricerca sociologica + sociologia + + @@ -26414,6 +46132,7 @@ aspetti socio-politici + @@ -26422,25 +46141,33 @@ addolcimento + + + bevanda + agente ammorbidente + + software + suolo + @@ -26458,25 +46185,36 @@ acidificazione del suolo + + + atmosfera del suolo + analisi del suolo + + + biologia del suolo + + + potenzialità del suolo + @@ -26484,37 +46222,52 @@ chimica del suolo + + + compattazione del suolo + condizioni del suolo + conservazione del suolo + + legislazione sulla conservazione del suolo + + + danno al suolo + decontaminazione del suolo + + + degrado del suolo + @@ -26522,20 +46275,27 @@ erosione del suolo + + bibliografia + fertilità del suolo + + fertilizzazione del suolo + + @@ -26543,36 +46303,51 @@ formazione del suolo + + miglioramento del suolo + + orizzonti del suolo + carico del suolo + + carta del suolo + + meccanica del suolo + + mineralogia del suolo + + + umidità del suolo + @@ -26580,24 +46355,32 @@ regime di umidità del suolo + organismo del suolo + + inquinante del suolo + + bicicletta + inquinamento del suolo + + @@ -26605,6 +46388,7 @@ processi del suolo + @@ -26618,6 +46402,7 @@ profilo del suolo + @@ -26625,19 +46410,27 @@ qualità del suolo + + risorse del suolo + + salinizzazione del suolo + + scienze del suolo + + @@ -26646,34 +46439,45 @@ assestamento del suolo + stabilizzazione del suolo + struttura del suolo + affossamento del terreno + + + sigillatura della superficie del suolo + + + tessitura del suolo + tipo di suolo + @@ -26681,31 +46485,40 @@ atti + uso del suolo + + acqua del suolo + cellula solare + + collettore solare + + energia solare + @@ -26713,21 +46526,30 @@ tecnologia solare + + riscaldamento solare + + centrale solare + + + radiazione solare + + @@ -26735,10 +46557,12 @@ solido + stato solido + @@ -26746,19 +46570,24 @@ convenzione bilaterale + rifiuto solido + smaltimento di rifiuti solidi + solubilità + + @@ -26766,28 +46595,47 @@ solvente + + ricupero del solvente + + + + + uccello canoro + bang sonico + + + fuliggine + + + assorbimento + + + + + @@ -26796,6 +46644,7 @@ suono + @@ -26805,81 +46654,107 @@ emissione sonora + + immissione sonora + + livello del suono + misura del suono + olio di sentina + + + insonorizzazione + propagazione del suono + trasmissione del suono + America del Sud + Oceano sud Atlantico + Asia del Sud-Est + acqua di sentina + + + Africa meridionale + Asia medidionale + Oceano sud Pacifico + spazio (interplanetario) + trasporto spaziale + + viaggio spaziale + + @@ -26887,39 +46762,52 @@ rifiuto spaziale + + pseudo-croup + mobilità spaziale + + autorizzazione speciale + specializzazione (biologia) + legislazione speciale + bioaccumulo + + + rifiuto speciale + + @@ -26928,6 +46816,7 @@ specie + @@ -26941,70 +46830,104 @@ conservazione delle specie + + programma di conservazione delle specie + + impoverimento di specie + reintroduzione di specie + + spettroscopia + + + + velocità + + + limite di velocità + ragni + veicolo abbandonato + + inquinante bioaccumulativo + + spandimento + + + cumulo di sterili + + + + poriferi + sport + + + + attrezzatura sportiva + + @@ -27012,55 +46935,77 @@ bombola spray + disponibilità biologica + amianto spruzzato + + + sorgente (idrologia, territorio) + acqua di fonte + irrorazione + + piazza + + + insediamento abusivo + + + vasca di stabilizzazione + + stalla + + + ciminiera + standard + @@ -27073,25 +47018,34 @@ standardizzazione + norme per l'industria delle costruzioni + + alimento di base + + amido + + + stato + @@ -27100,26 +47054,36 @@ stato dell'arte + + dati sullo stato dell'ambiente + + relazione sullo stato dell'ambiente + + metodo biochimico + + stato dei rifiuti + stati della materia + @@ -27128,17 +47092,22 @@ stazione + + + analisi statistica + dati statistici + @@ -27148,6 +47117,7 @@ statistica + @@ -27159,11 +47129,18 @@ statistica dei rifiuti + + + + livello di sviluppo + + + @@ -27171,82 +47148,116 @@ prescrizione acquisitiva + organo di diritto pubblico + rumore continuo + + generatore di vapore + + acciaio + + industria dell'acciaio + sterilizzazione (processo) + + + + steroidi + fondo di incentivazione + + popolamento (biologico) + specie adattabile + controllo del materiale in stoccaggio + inventario della merce + + pietra (edilizia) + + + diga di contenimento + + tempesta + + + danno prodotto dalla tempesta + + + + processi biochimici + @@ -27257,24 +47268,37 @@ stufa + + + stratificazione + + + + stratosfera + + riduzione dell'ozono stratosferico + + + sostanza biochimica + @@ -27290,64 +47314,91 @@ misurazione delle correnti + pulizia delle strade + + + + robustezza dei materiali + stress + + + attività mineraria a cielo aperto previo sbancamento + + stronzio + programma di aggiustamento strutturale + relazione struttura-attività + + + + rumore indotto dalla struttura + biochimica + + piano regolatore generale + + + morfologia sottomarina + sottomarino + biocida + + @@ -27358,147 +47409,209 @@ provvedimento susseguente + subsidenza + + sussidio + + sottosuolo + drenaggio sotterraneo + + sostituibilità (chimica) + + + + sostituzione dei composti alogenati + + + + sostituzione dei fosfati + + coltivazione su substrato + ecosistema subtropicali + + bioclimatologia + + + sobborgo + + + zucchero (prodotto) + + industria zuccheriera + + + biocenosi + solfato + solfuro + zolfo + fattore di bioconcentrazione + + + concentrazione dello zolfo + + + diossido di zolfo + + acido solforico + ossidi di zolfo + biodegradabilità + + controllo edilizio + + supervisione delle installazioni + + organo di sorveglianza + offerta + + agente tensioattivo + + deflusso superficiale + + tensione superficiale + trattamento di superficie + acqua superficiale + @@ -27513,23 +47626,31 @@ inquinante biodegradabile + + rifiuto chirurgico + + surplus + sorveglianza + inchiesta (ricerca) + + @@ -27538,6 +47659,8 @@ sviluppo sostenibile + + @@ -27548,10 +47671,14 @@ indicatore di sviluppo sostenibile + uso sostenibile + + + @@ -27559,22 +47686,28 @@ palude + dolcificante + + simbiosi + degradazione biologica + + @@ -27583,6 +47716,8 @@ sinecologia + + @@ -27598,25 +47733,35 @@ sinergismo + + + + effetto sinergico di sostanze tossiche + + detergente sintetico + industria delle fibre sintetiche + + biodiversità + @@ -27627,90 +47772,123 @@ materiale sintetico + industria dei lavorati plastici + + fibra tessile artificiale + analisi dei sistemi + confronto di sistemi + + teoria dei sistemi + + acquisizione di prove + autocisterna + nave cisterna + + area di stoccaggio + + tannino + + catrame + + + gruppo bersaglio + + periodo di adattamento + bioetica + + + tariffa + + + produzione di catrame + sabbia bituminosa + uso di catrame + tassa + @@ -27719,6 +47897,7 @@ tassazione + @@ -27728,18 +47907,23 @@ differenziazione delle tasse + leislazione fiscale + + tassonomia + istruzione + @@ -27747,19 +47931,29 @@ biogas + + + + + metodo di insegnamento + norme tecniche per le sostanze pericolose + + ciclo biogeochimico + + @@ -27768,6 +47962,8 @@ cambiamento tecnologico + + @@ -27775,10 +47971,13 @@ sviluppo tecnologico + + rischio tecnologico + @@ -27787,11 +47986,13 @@ processo tecnologico + tecnologia + @@ -27808,114 +48009,160 @@ biogeochimica + accettazione di tecnologia + + valutazione delle tecnologie + + trasferimento di tecnologia + + + + tettonica + + telecomunicazione + + regioni biogeografiche + telematica + telemetria + + televisione + + biogeografia + + + ecosistema temperato + + foresta delle zone temperate + + bosco delle zone temperate + + temperatura + + alloggio temporaneo (sistemazione) + rifugio temporaneo + deposito temporaneo + + + teratogenesi + screening teratogeno + teratogenicità + + teratogeno + + + terminologia + + termiti + area terrestre + @@ -27937,10 +48184,13 @@ risorse biologiche terrestri + ecosistema terrestre + + @@ -27962,27 +48212,35 @@ attività biologica + politica territoriale + addizione chimica + territorio (ecologia) + + settore terziario + + test + @@ -27995,21 +48253,26 @@ animale da esperimento + + analisi biologica + istruzioni per il test + metodo di prova + @@ -28024,59 +48287,84 @@ organismo da esperimento + + attributi biologici + industria tessile + + prodotto tessile + tallio + teoria monetaria + teoria sullo stato sociale + + + terapia + isolamento termico + inquinamento termico + + + + centrale termoelettrica + + + energia termica marina + + trattamento termico + + + @@ -28084,49 +48372,74 @@ acqua termale + + termodinamica + + + processo thermoselect + + + + thesaurus + sviluppo biologico + valore limite (ricerca) + + + + + energia da maree + + + acqua di marea + + marea + + industria del legno + + @@ -28134,11 +48447,15 @@ tempo + + + effetto biologico + @@ -28149,11 +48466,14 @@ stagno (elemento) + tessuto (biologia) + + @@ -28161,45 +48481,65 @@ titanio + diossido di titanio + rospi + tabacco + + fumo di tabacco + ingegneria naturalistica + + + tornado + + + tartarughe + parametri totali + + + + turismo + + + @@ -28214,6 +48554,8 @@ installazione turistica + + @@ -28228,15 +48570,24 @@ zona turistica + + effetti tossici + + + + tossicità + + + @@ -28251,34 +48602,50 @@ tossicità dei pesticidi + metalli tossici + + valutazione tossicologica + + + + prova tossicologica + + tossicologia + + prodotto tossico + + + sostanza tossica + + @@ -28286,36 +48653,48 @@ rifiuto tossico + + + + tossina + + elemento in tracce + materiale in tracce + tracheofite + indicatore biologico + piano di localizzazione + commercio + @@ -28337,54 +48716,75 @@ permesso commerciabile + + + commercio e consumo + + + barriera commerciale + + scambio (economico) + + impatto del commercio sull'ambiente + politica commerciale + commercio (professione) + + relazioni commerciali + + + restrizione commerciale + + sindacato + cultura tradizionale + @@ -28393,10 +48793,12 @@ medicina tradizionale + traffico + @@ -28417,21 +48819,31 @@ incidente dovuto al traffico + + controllo del traffico + + + misura di controllo del traffico + + emissioni da traffico + + + @@ -28439,11 +48851,16 @@ ingeneria del traffico + + infrastrutture per il traffico + + + @@ -28464,25 +48881,37 @@ ingorgo stradale + monitoraggio del traffico + + rumore del traffico + + + controllo del rumore da traffico + + + + traffico su acqua + + @@ -28493,20 +48922,28 @@ strada di comunicazione + + + imballo eccessivo + + + treno + formazione + @@ -28514,11 +48951,19 @@ centro di addestramento + + + monitoraggio biologico + + + + + @@ -28527,30 +48972,39 @@ traiettoria + + fissazione biologica dell'azoto + inquinamento transfrontaliero + + + accordo transitorio + insediamento provvisorio + elementi di transizione + @@ -28569,28 +49023,42 @@ traspirazione + compagnia di trasporti + + + trasporto mediante condotte + + + + politica dei trasporti + + + controllo biologico delle infestazioni + trasporto + + @@ -28608,6 +49076,9 @@ pianificazione dei trasporti + + + @@ -28615,17 +49086,24 @@ inquinante biologico + + trasporto (fisica) + + + + sistema di trasporto + @@ -28633,32 +49111,45 @@ caccia con trappole + + + viaggio (trasporti) + + spese di viaggio + + + inquinamento biologico + + trattato + albero + + @@ -28671,10 +49162,13 @@ vivaio forestale + + processi biologici + @@ -28695,6 +49189,7 @@ tendenza + @@ -28705,28 +49200,37 @@ triazine + irrigazione a goccia + trinità di principi + + produzione biologica + tritio + livello trofico + + + @@ -28735,97 +49239,145 @@ ecosistema tropicale + + ecosistema della foresta tropicale + + foresta tropicale + + foresta pluviale tropicale + + + zona torrida + + troposfera + + ozono troposferico + + + polimeri di addizione + strada di grande comunicazione + + tumore + tundra + + tunnel + + torbidità + + + turbina + + + nave cisterna a interponte + + imbarcazione a due scafi + + + + motore a due tempi + + + tipo di impresa + + tipo di rivendicazione + forma di gestione + + tifone + + risorse biologiche + + @@ -28836,64 +49388,92 @@ pneumatico + ultrafiltrazione + + + + ultrasuono + radiazione ultravioletta + + UNCED + discarica non controllata + + + impermeabilizzazione del fondo delle discariche + + + + deposito sotterraneo + + metropolitana + + persona svantaggiata + attività funerarie + + scarico sottomarino + + disoccupazione + + ungulati + @@ -28903,37 +49483,55 @@ Nazioni Unite + depurazione dei gas di scarico (biologica) + + carburante senza piombo + + + + + zona di aria non inquinata + + acqua non depurata + + educazione familiare + + + Senato + trattamento biologico dei rifiuti + + @@ -28941,11 +49539,14 @@ uranio + programma di attuazione urbanistica + + @@ -28953,6 +49554,7 @@ area urbana + @@ -28962,25 +49564,37 @@ additivo + + arma biologica + + degrado urbano + + progetto urbano + + + sviluppo urbano + + + @@ -28997,14 +49611,21 @@ diritto urbanistico + + ecosistema urbano + + + biologia + + @@ -29023,14 +49644,22 @@ servizi urbani + + flussi urbani (di risorse) + + + + verde urbano + + @@ -29038,22 +49667,34 @@ bioluminescenza + + urbanizzazione + + paesaggio urbano + + gestione urbana + + pianificazione urbana + + + + @@ -29062,6 +49703,7 @@ biomassa + @@ -29076,6 +49718,8 @@ politica urbana + + @@ -29084,23 +49728,36 @@ inquinamento urbano + + popolazione urbana + + rinnovamento urbano + + + risanamento urbano + + insediamento urbano + + + + @@ -29114,10 +49771,16 @@ stress urbano + + + struttura urbana + + + @@ -29125,10 +49788,17 @@ urbanistica + + traffico urbano + + + + + @@ -29136,6 +49806,9 @@ energia da biomasse + + + @@ -29145,42 +49818,62 @@ acqua urbana + + approvvigionamento idrico urbano + ursidi + pneumatico di scarto + + uso del tempo libero + + vantaggio dell'utente + utilizzazione del potere calorifico + utilizzazione di risorse locali + utilizzazione dei pesticidi + + + + + + utilizzazione di risorse + + + @@ -29196,96 +49889,135 @@ biofisica + + + concetto legale indefinito + valle + + bioreattore + + + + valutazione delle componenti dell'ecosistema + + vanadio + vandalismo + specie localmente estinta + + tensione di vapore + + + vernice trasparente + bioritmo + vettore di malattie umane + + manto vegetale + + coltivazione di verdure + biosicurezza + + ecologia vegetale + + miglioramento delle piante + olio vegetale + + + riproduzione vegetale + + risorse vegetali + + biosfera + @@ -29295,12 +50027,16 @@ verdura + + rifiuto vegetale + + @@ -29308,6 +50044,7 @@ vegetazione + @@ -29316,11 +50053,13 @@ tipo di vegetazione + veicolo + @@ -29336,36 +50075,51 @@ gas di scarico dei veicoli + + + revisione dei veicoli + + industria dei mezzi di trasporto + + + riserva della biosfera + + + ventilazione + + animali molesti + vertebrati + @@ -29377,6 +50131,8 @@ biosintesi + + @@ -29384,45 +50140,66 @@ medicina veterinaria + + viadotto + + vibrazioni + video + villaggio + + + vinaccia + + + virologia + + + virus + + viscosità + + biotecnologia + + @@ -29434,64 +50211,89 @@ vitamine + + viticoltura + fattore biotico + vocabolario + formazione professionale + composto organico volatile + + volatilità + + + area vulcanica + + + + eruzione vulcanica + + adesivo + + vulcanismo + vulcano + + + quantità totale dei rifiuti + + @@ -29500,6 +50302,8 @@ biotopo + + @@ -29508,55 +50312,76 @@ volontariato + vulcanizzazione + specie vulnerabile (IUCN) + + mare di Wadden + + + rete di biotopi + + + sistema salariale + + muro + guerra + + protezione dei biotopi + + + animale a sangue caldo + piano di allarme + sistema di allarme + @@ -29564,21 +50389,29 @@ sperpero + + rifiuti + + aria di scarico + + depurazione dell'aria di scarico + + @@ -29586,26 +50419,36 @@ analisi dei rifiuti + + capacità di assimilazione di rifiuti + + + bilancio dei rifiuti + + + contenitore per rifiuti + tipologia dei rifiuti + @@ -29671,18 +50514,25 @@ + tassa sui rifiuti + + classificazione dei rifiuti + + raccolta di rifiuti + + @@ -29690,24 +50540,34 @@ raccolta di rifiuti alla fonte + + composizione dei rifiuti + tecniche di conversione dei rifiuti + + degassificazione dei rifiuti + + smaltimento dei rifiuti + + + @@ -29725,35 +50585,56 @@ legge sullo smaltimento dei rifiuti + + + costi dello smaltimento dei rifiuti + + eliminazione dei rifiuti nel terreno + tassa sullo smaltimento dei rifiuti + + discarica pubblica + + + scarico dei rifiuti + + + borsa di scambio dei rifiuti + + + esportazione di rifiuti + + + + @@ -29762,6 +50643,10 @@ impianto di riscaldamento e di produzione di energia alimentato dai rifiuti + + + + @@ -29769,14 +50654,24 @@ impianto di riscaldamento da rifiuti + + + + centrale elettrica alimentata da rifiuti + + + + rifiuto gassoso + + @@ -29788,6 +50683,8 @@ emissioni di inquinanti gassosi + + @@ -29805,25 +50702,39 @@ esame dei gas di scarico + + + riduzione dei gas di scarico + + + rifiuto di vetro + + gesso di rifiuto + + calore di rifiuto + + + + @@ -29831,26 +50742,44 @@ rilascio di calore residuo + + + + + utilizzazione del calore residuo + + + permesso di importazione dei rifiuti + + + impianto per incenerimento di rifiuti + + + + + legislazione sui rifiuti + + @@ -29859,6 +50788,9 @@ gestione dei rifiuti + + + @@ -29877,44 +50809,61 @@ minimizzazione dei rifiuti + + potenziale di minimizzazione dei rifiuti + + olio di rifiuto + cartastraccia + dose accettabile giornaliera + + + industria per la lavorazione dei rifiuti + + + valorizzazione dei rifiuti + + ricupero di rifiuti + + + @@ -29925,37 +50874,53 @@ riciclaggio di rifiuti + + riduzione dei rifiuti + + industria per la rimozione dei rifiuti + + + + cernita dei rifiuti + deposito di rifiuti + + + trasporto di rifiuti + + + uccelli + @@ -29967,6 +50932,8 @@ trattamento dei rifiuti + + @@ -29988,11 +50955,17 @@ impianto di trattamento dei rifiuti + + + + uso dei rifiuti + + @@ -30001,10 +50974,13 @@ volume dei rifiuti + acqua di rifiuto + + @@ -30020,22 +50996,33 @@ + tassa sulle acque di rifiuto + + + scarico delle acque di rifiuto + + santuario per uccelli + + + smaltimento delle acque di rifiuto + + @@ -30045,39 +51032,54 @@ acqua di rifiuto da attività commerciali + legislazione sull'acqua di rifiuto + + carico dell'acqua di rifiuto + + purificazione delle acque di rifiuto + + qualità delle acque di rifiuto + + + riduzione dell'acqua di rifiuto + uccello da preda + fanghi delle acque di rifiuto + + + @@ -30085,10 +51087,17 @@ statistica delle acque di rifiuto + + + + + trattamento delle acque di rifiuto + + @@ -30113,6 +51122,9 @@ impianto di trattamento dell'acqua di rifiuto + + + @@ -30121,39 +51133,53 @@ analisi dell'acqua + + bilancio idrico biologico + specie ornitiche + corpo idrico + + fondo di corpo idrico + + captazione di acqua + conservazione delle acque + + consumo di acqua + + + @@ -30161,6 +51187,8 @@ corso d'acqua + + @@ -30171,11 +51199,18 @@ fabbisogno di acqua + + + + sistema di distribuzione dell'acqua + + + @@ -30187,6 +51222,8 @@ potenziale inquinamento dell'acqua + + @@ -30194,69 +51231,97 @@ erosione idrica + estrazione di acqua + + + controllo delle nascite + cascata + + pulci d'acqua + flusso idrologico + + acqua per uso agricolo + + acqua per consumo (non recuperabile) + + + acqua per uso industriale + + avifauna acquatica + durezza dell'acqua + + giacinto d'acqua + livello dell'acqua + + terreno saturo d'acqua + + + gestione dell'acqua + + @@ -30270,6 +51335,10 @@ monitoraggio dell'acqua + + + + @@ -30278,10 +51347,15 @@ inquinante dell'acqua + + + inquinamento dell'acqua + + @@ -30295,10 +51369,15 @@ protezione delle acque + + + protezione dell'acqua + + @@ -30307,33 +51386,47 @@ direttiva sulla tutela delle acque + + legislazione sulla protezione dell'acqua + + pompa dell'acqua + bitume + + depurazione dell'acqua + + impianto di depurazione delle acque + + + qualità dell'acqua + + @@ -30351,54 +51444,81 @@ direttiva sulla qualità dell'acqua + + gestione della qualità dell'acqua + + gestione della quantità di acqua + + autorità per le acque + + risorse idriche + + conservazione delle risorse idriche + + + sviluppo delle risorse idriche + + + riutilizzazione dell'acqua + + + salinizzazione dell'acqua + + risparmio di acqua + + + + scienze dell'acqua + + @@ -30406,6 +51526,8 @@ acque (geografia) + + @@ -30421,14 +51543,21 @@ sfruttamento razionale degli spartiacque + + + spartiacque + + sviluppo lungo le rive + + @@ -30438,10 +51567,16 @@ statistica delle acque + + + + acqua (sostanza) + + @@ -30456,6 +51591,8 @@ approvvigionamento idrico + + @@ -30467,6 +51604,8 @@ trasporti via acqua + + @@ -30475,6 +51614,8 @@ trattamento delle acque + + @@ -30488,10 +51629,15 @@ utilizzazione dell'acqua + + + via di navigazione + + @@ -30501,15 +51647,23 @@ pozzo (acqua) + + impianto per il trattamento dell'acqua + + + + energia dalle onde + + @@ -30517,15 +51671,19 @@ antracite (prodotto) + + onde marine + arma + @@ -30534,6 +51692,7 @@ tempo + @@ -30541,62 +51700,81 @@ condizioni del tempo + modificazione del tempo + + monitoraggio meteorologico + + previsioni del tempo + + erba infestante + + controllo delle erbe infestanti + peso + + saldatura + pozzo + + Africa occidentale + Asia occidentale + Europa occidentale + zona umida + @@ -30609,44 +51787,60 @@ ecosistema delle zone umide + + processo a umido + + + altoforno + abbattitore a umido + + rifiuto umido + balene + + caccia alla balena + commercio all'ingrosso + + animale selvatico + flora e fauna selvatiche + @@ -30656,93 +51850,132 @@ conservazione di flora e fauna selvatiche + + habitat di flora e fauna selvatiche + statistica delle popolazioni naturali + + agente sbiancante + + santuario naturale + + + inselvatichimento + pianta selvatica + disponibilità a sostenere i costi + analisi della disponibilità a sostenere i costi + vento + + + argilla sbiancante + erosione eolica + mulino a vento + + + energia eolica + generatore eolico + + + processo sbiancante + + + + donna + + status della donna + legname + + + bosco + + + @@ -30753,22 +51986,30 @@ sangue (tessuto) + + disboscamento + ecosistema di bosco + + conservazione del legno + + prodotto di legno + @@ -30777,15 +52018,22 @@ rifiuto di legno + + lana + incidente sul lavoro + + + + @@ -30793,10 +52041,14 @@ miniera esaurita + + condizioni di lavoro + + @@ -30807,22 +52059,29 @@ orario di lavoro + + lavorazione del suolo + + posto di lavoro + + mondo + @@ -30841,60 +52100,81 @@ patrimonio mondiale + + deprezzamento + alghe verdi-azzurre + attività illegale + attività governativa illegale + sostanza xenobiotica + + + raggi X + lievito (saccaromicete) + profitto lordo + bambino piccolo + + giovinezza + + lavoro giovanile + + zinco + zonizzazione + + @@ -30902,15 +52182,22 @@ giardino zoologico + + + + zoologia + + zoonosi + @@ -30919,16 +52206,23 @@ navigazione (ricreazione) + + + richiesta biochimica di ossigeno + + + amministrazione + @@ -30938,18 +52232,24 @@ caldaia + punto di ebollizione + + libro + + contabilità + @@ -30960,6 +52260,7 @@ frontiera + @@ -30971,16 +52272,21 @@ boro + orto botanico + + + botanica + @@ -30990,33 +52296,43 @@ attraversamento di frontiera + strato limite + + bovidi + acqua salmastra + bradisismo + latte materno + + allevamento + + @@ -31029,14 +52345,18 @@ uccello nidificante + industria della birra + mattone + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/thesauri/gemet-nl.rdf b/thesauri/gemet-nl.rdf index a1e4d78..22dd988 100644 --- a/thesauri/gemet-nl.rdf +++ b/thesauri/gemet-nl.rdf @@ -8,136 +8,10691 @@ xmlns:dcterms="http://purl.org/dc/terms/"> GEMET - GEMET thesaurus for GeoNetwork opensource. - + GEMET version 4.1.2 thesaurus for GeoNetwork opensource. 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+ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + natuurlijke processen + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + economie + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + bestuurslichaam + boekhouding + @@ -146,35 +10701,47 @@ dierenleven + verbruiksproduct + + brug + + instelling voor milieubeheer + gevolgen van lawaai op de gezondheid + + menselijk lichaam + + menswetenschappen + + @@ -186,10 +10753,12 @@ informatie-overdracht + gerechtelijke handeling + @@ -197,10 +10766,14 @@ weerkundig onderzoek + + bescherming van natuurgebieden + + @@ -213,20 +10786,28 @@ voorkoming van natuurlijke risico's + + fysische chemie + + fysische meting van milieuvervuiling + + + plantenleven + @@ -234,6 +10815,7 @@ plantenopbrengst + @@ -242,6 +10824,7 @@ soort milieuverontreiniging + @@ -265,18 +10848,23 @@ voorkomen van milieuverontreiniging + + + risicobeheer + beveiligingsstelsel + @@ -284,10 +10872,15 @@ beveiliging van gebouwen tegen seismische activiteit + + + sociale wetenschappen + + @@ -296,11 +10889,15 @@ oppervlaktewaterbeheer + + bescherming van in het wild levende planten en dieren + + @@ -311,27 +10908,37 @@ geschiedkundige kern + + bevordering van het zakenleven + + metselwerk + + broom + zandplaat + + diersoorten + @@ -339,21 +10946,25 @@ plantensoorten + beroep + volkstraditie + rechtsgebied + @@ -370,6 +10981,7 @@ rechtsstelsel + @@ -398,47 +11010,68 @@ het chemisch meten van vervuiling + + + meetinstrument + + verval van verontreinigende stoffen + stadslawaai + + + + zindelijkheid [hygiëne] + + industriële omgeving (in het algemeen) + + natuurlijk risico + analyse van de natuurlijke risico's + + + grote risico + reddingsstelsel + + @@ -446,24 +11079,33 @@ crisisbeheer + belastingstelsel + milieubeeld + + bosecologie + + + wetenschappelijke ecologie + + @@ -483,116 +11125,168 @@ stadsecologie + + + ecologische zone + + + milieutechniek + paleo-ecologie + + biologisch erfgoed + + broeden + hoogte + + + + inham + kloof + + landtong + rond plein [geografie] + continent + strandwal + + beek + + kreek + + breuk + + klif + + open zee + koraalriflagune + + rivierbedding + + + fysisch milieu + alluviale vlakte + + + barrièrerif + + reliëf + biotooporde + + + + gevoelig natuurgebied + + milieuanalyse + @@ -601,37 +11295,52 @@ abiotische omgeving + waterig milieu + + gevoelige omgeving + + landomgeving + + marien park + + ruigte + + gewestelijk natuurpark + + reservaat + + @@ -642,22 +11351,33 @@ natuurreservaat van de staat + + + biologisch bosreservaat + + + vrijwillig natuurreservaat + + afgesloten natuurgebied + beschermd marien gebied + + @@ -665,107 +11385,153 @@ groene zoom + (rooi)lijn + + + coulisselandschap + Franse tuin + + + Engelse tuin + + + terrastuin + + + mossen + terraslandschap + + bergbescherming + + plaatsbescherming + + kustbescherming + + + koepelbeleid (verhandelbare emissierechten) + + + plaatsherstel + + geclassificeerde plaats + + geregistreerde plaats + + begroting + handvest van de stadsecologie + + + milieubewust gedrag + geïntegreerd bedrijfsbeheer + + sponsorschap + gemeentelijk milieuplan + + bewustmakingscampagne + wantsen + gebouw + @@ -781,6 +11547,7 @@ bestuursbevoegdheid + @@ -793,15 +11560,22 @@ trekkende vissen + + bouwterrein + + + + (ge)bouwonderdeel + @@ -811,15 +11585,23 @@ katachtigen + bouw + + + bouwgrond + + + + @@ -827,6 +11609,8 @@ bouwmateriaal + + @@ -847,22 +11631,31 @@ marien zoogdier + + bouwmaterialenindustrie + + + schaapachtigen + bouwplanning + + + @@ -870,96 +11663,140 @@ bouwvoorschrift + + schuilplaats + + + nestgebied + + bestuurlijke goedkeuring + dieren(door)gang + + + + schade aan dieren + + + verdringing van dieren + + + bouwplaats + + + + paaiplaats + + + dierenhabitat + + nesten bouwen + dierenpopulatie + het bouwrijp maken van een terrein + dierlijke voortplanting + + overleving + endemische soorten + loofboom + + zeegrasbed + + + macrofyt + bouwtechnologie + + bouwafval + + @@ -968,41 +11805,56 @@ (rivier)oevervegetatie + + kastanje + aangelegd afvoerwateringssysteem + + + grasachtigen + + posidonia (soort schaaldier) + peil plantegroei + + bebouwde omgeving + + plantenstand + bouwstructuur + @@ -1011,18 +11863,24 @@ arboretum + + + chorologie + verzameling van soorten + bebouwde kom + @@ -1032,186 +11890,267 @@ dierenreservaat + + botanische kas + + het invoeren van diersoorten + + het invoeren van plantensoorten + + dierlijk erfgoed + + erfgoed aan planten + + bloembollenteelt + dierenbescherming + + herinvoering van diersoorten + + + herintroductie van een plantensoort + + + plaatselijke bosaanplanting + omgewaaide bomen + + snoei(-) + bosexploitatie + bergbos + + staatsbos + + + Middellandse-zeebos + + + privaat bos + + + hoogstammig bos + + ondoordringbaar struikgewas + administratief rechtsgebied + droog gazon + + plantentuin + + + bosbescherming + + + natuurlijke regeneratie + + harshoudende plant + + middenbos + + spel + + groot wild + schaal- en schelpdierencultuur + + verambtelijking + oestercultuur + + beroepsvisserij + + nationaal visreservaat + + + sociaal-opvoedkundige activiteit + vergelijkend examen + doorlopende scholing + aanvangstraining + pedagogie + + administratief recht + + milieuberoep + autobus + + + nutsfunctie + @@ -1228,12 +12167,14 @@ werkorganisatie + zakenwereld + @@ -1243,11 +12184,17 @@ vrijetijdscentrum + + + gemeenschappelijke voorziening + + + @@ -1262,50 +12209,76 @@ fietspad + + + skihelling + + + toeristische route + + + + milieumuseum + + folklore + publieke opkomst + + toeristenopvang + + + jachthuis + + + onderdak + + openbaar + (voet)pad + + @@ -1316,70 +12289,104 @@ voetpad langs de kust + + + gevolgd onderwijs + + + badplaats (aan zee) + + + vlinders + vakantieoord in de bergen + + wintersportoord + + + + + toeristische eenheid + + terreinwagen + + + bevolkingsdichtheid + jong + + mini-batterij + + actieve populatie + tijdstoewijzing + duurzame goederen + verbruiksgoederen + bijvangst + goederen + + @@ -1390,42 +12397,60 @@ goederen en diensten + + + tijdsbudget + leefomgeving + + levenscyclus van een product + milieukeur(merk) + + + kwaliteitscertificatie + + + leefnorm + nevenproduct + + vraag en aanbod + + @@ -1436,80 +12461,108 @@ ecologische ongelijkheid + + sociale ongelijkheid + mythe + niet in mijn achtertuin-houding + + sociale psychologie + + sociale vertegenwoordiging + natuurgevoel + + socio-economie + + + kabel + + toegankelijkheid van administratieve stukken + administratieve akte + + regering van een grondgebied + besluitvormingsondersteuning + ministeriële bevoegdheid + burger + plaatselijke overheid + gemeenschap levend op een grondgebied + + parlementair debat + abiotische factor + @@ -1517,154 +12570,208 @@ cadmium + rechtvaardiging van administratieve handelingen + cadmiumvervuiling + economisch plan + + basisbeginsel + cesium + financiële hulp + internationale hulp + overheidssteun + + nationale boekhouding + satellietrekening + huishoudelijke uitgaven + + overheidsuitgaven + + interventiefonds + financieel fonds + Europese Monetair Fonds + Internationaal Monetair Fonds + economische stimuleringsmaatregel + stimuleringsbelasting + + bruto binnenlands product + bijzondere heffing + + procesanalyse + + + doorlichting + + + bepaling van natuurlijk erfgoed + + + waterprijs + + milieumarketing + patrimoniaal beheer + investering voor de beheersing van milieuverontreiniging + + milieumarkt + + + anti-vervuilingsvergoeding + + vaststellen van de waterprijs + + milieutheorie + handelsactiviteit + plaatselijke ontwikkeling + marktstudie + administratieve procedure + @@ -1697,43 +12804,64 @@ vrijhandel + + minder ontwikkelde landen + + Noord-Zuidbetrekkingen + + calcium + berekening + + dichtheid + + ruimtelijke verdeling + + + economische gegevens + + kalkgehalte + + + inhoudsregister + + @@ -1741,49 +12869,63 @@ volkstelling + statistische reeks + opiniepeiling + berekeningsmethode + + graad + seizoensverschil + + wetenschappelijk comité + + wetenschappelijke discussie + ijking + toegepast onderzoek + wetenschappelijk onderzoek + @@ -1799,35 +12941,46 @@ het ijken van meettoestellen + landbouwkunde + landbouwsysteem + landbouwramp + + landbouwkundige onderwaardering + + plattelandsontwikkeling + + landbouwhydraulica + landbouwtechniek + @@ -1848,65 +13001,89 @@ voedergewas + beroepsgroenteteelt + + zaaizaad + gewasbehandeling + fytosanitaire behandeling + avicultuur + foktechniek + het verweiden van de kudde + + administratieve sanctie + anorganische conditioneerder + + + afwateren + + zwerflandbouw + + krijt + + + stikstofmest(stof) + + + @@ -1914,10 +13091,15 @@ kamperen + + fosforzuurhoudende meststof + + + @@ -1926,6 +13108,9 @@ messtof met kalium + + + @@ -1933,49 +13118,73 @@ zuivering door de grond + + + bodemuitloging + + + anorganische stof + + + organische stof + + + + kampeerterrein + + + afwateringssyteem + bevloeiingssysteem + + zoutgehalte van de bodem + + landbouwwaarde + bergbeheer + + @@ -1983,62 +13192,89 @@ plattelandsbeheer en planning + beheer van toeristische activiteiten + bosbouweenheid + + uitrustingsplan + + benadering + kanaal + + + treinstation + + busstation + + + materiaal voor de wegenbouw + + + machinefabriek + spoorwegnet + + + wegennet + + + stuurmanskunst + + @@ -2048,51 +13284,76 @@ koopvaardij + + + gecombineerd vervoer + kanker + stadsgemeenschap + + stedelijke ontwikkelingsdocument + + voorstedelijk gebied + + eengezinswoning + + + grondgebruiksplan + + + + stadsplanning en -ontwikkeling + grondgebruiksregime + + + + risico op kanker + + @@ -2100,47 +13361,66 @@ nieuwe gemeente + + zone die valt onder een recht van voorkoop + + + landbeheerinterventiegebied + + hondachtige + plattelandsarchitectuur + traditionele bouwstijl + afbraak van gebouwen + gemeentewerken + + restauratie van gebouwen + + + + plechtige verklaring (eed) + kwaliteitsnorm + @@ -2148,14 +13428,17 @@ Europese norm + ISO-standaard + technische richtlijn + @@ -2170,55 +13453,75 @@ codificatie + leer [wet] + vervoerswet + + plattelandsrecht + + dierenrechten + + + + rechten van toekomstige generaties + + burgerrechten + + wagen + bekendmaking + + rondschrijven + gemeenschapswetgeving + orde + @@ -2227,16 +13530,21 @@ administratieve instructie + + technisch onderrichting + + wet + @@ -2277,26 +13585,34 @@ jachtvergunning + + bouwvergunning + + visvergunning + + wetsvoorstel + verordening + @@ -2318,62 +13634,82 @@ omzetting richtlijn + vergunning + openbare discussie + bekendmaking van algemeen nut + + privaat domein + openbare waterwegen + + + openbaar zeegebied + + + + openbaarheid + onderzoek naar het algemene nut (van ...) + openbaar onderzoek + afgevaardigd beheer + staatscontrole + erfdienstbaarheid + misdaad + @@ -2383,34 +13719,43 @@ politiemacht + strafrechtelijke procedure + vonnis + strijd + + procesvoering + administratieve rechter + Europees Hof van Justitie + gerechtigheid + @@ -2419,22 +13764,27 @@ rechtszaak + koolhydraat + + hof + koolstof + @@ -2444,117 +13794,161 @@ huur + bevoegdheidsverklaring + + bekrachtiging + carbonaat + aangifte + voorkoop + + + voorschrift + onderdrukking + degeneratie (biologisch) + stroom van verontreinigende stoffen + grensvlak tussen het oceaanwater en de lucht + + + + migratie van verontreinigende stoffen + toevallige vervuiling + bacteriologische verontreiniging + + koolstofcyclus + diffuse verontreiniging + huishoudelijke vervuiling + + anorganische vervuiling + + organische vervuiling + fotochemische vervuiling + + + van het land afkomstige vervuiling van de zee + + + vervuiling met giftige stoffen + + rivierlozing + + + ondergrondse lozing + + stadsvervuiler + + voorkomingsmaatregel + @@ -2568,6 +13962,7 @@ beschermingsmaatregel + @@ -2578,21 +13973,27 @@ hoge zuurtegraad + biomarker + biologische vervuiling + + chemische vervuiling + + @@ -2603,6 +14004,9 @@ biologisch effect van vervuiling + + + @@ -2610,6 +14014,8 @@ kooldioxide + + @@ -2618,38 +14024,62 @@ onomkeerbaarheid van het verschijnsel + + kwaliteitsdoel(stelling) + vast deeltje + + + + zuiverend vermogen + + + + + koolzuurheffing + + + sensor + + instrumentatie + + metrologie + observatiesatelliet + + + + @@ -2658,11 +14088,13 @@ atrazine + organisch gebonden stikstof + @@ -2670,86 +14102,115 @@ halogeenverbinding + koolmonoxide + + zwavelmonoxide + pyraleen + asbestose + genotoxiciteit + + vergiftiging + + karkasverwerking + + biologische proef + + totaal aan organische koolstof + + + chemische ontbinding + laboratoriumproef + biotische index + oxydeerbare stof + opgeloste zuurstof + + afbraak onder invloed van licht + onoplosbare stof + niet-vluchtige stof + + gemakkelijk afbreekbare stof + + @@ -2757,47 +14218,60 @@ vluchtige stof + + chemische corrosiekracht + fysico-chemische analyse + + het kankerverwekkend zijn + experimentele studie + granulometrie + test van het kankerverwekkend zijn + + tekening + chemisch product + + @@ -2833,80 +14307,106 @@ brandbare stof + organoleptische eigenschappen + + kankerverwekkende stof + + + gehoor(systeem) + + hart en bloedvaten + + kennis hart-en vaatziekten + + hart- en vaatziekten + enterovirus + + dierenbiologie + plantenkunde + + de gezamenlijke genen (van een soort) + scherpte van het gehoor + + decibel + geluidskwaliteit + Caraïbische Zee + geluidsspectrum + vleeseters + @@ -2916,56 +14416,85 @@ machinetrilling + + via lucht overgedragen geluid + + achtergrondgeluid + rolgeluid + + omgevingsgeluid + + geluidscomfort + + plan met betrekking tot blootstelling aan lawaai + + + + getijcentrale + + + + waterkracht + + kleine electriciteitscentrale + + + watermolen + + + + ecologische draagvermogen + @@ -2975,24 +14504,39 @@ (vertraagde) doorwerking(seffect) + + onderbelasting van een elektriciteitscentrale + + + + adsorptie + + + + + kartografie + + radioactief element + + @@ -3002,14 +14546,21 @@ snelle reactor + + + + vervuild gebied + + atmosferische aërosol + @@ -3018,10 +14569,17 @@ autoband + + + + biologische brandstof + + + @@ -3033,139 +14591,195 @@ achteruitgang van het bos + + + + ethanol + vervuiling door motorvoertuigen + + + atmosferische radioactieve neerslag + + milieuvriendelijke wagen + + marktgewas + paleoklimatologie + + vastelandsklimaat + woestijnklimaat + equatoriaal klimaat + Middellandse-zeeklimaat + bergklimaat + oceaanklimaat + gematigd klimaat + tropisch klimaat + atmosferische inversie + onweersbui + + + katalyse + beglazen + + aftappen van ondergronds water + + doorsijpeling van water in de bodem + + volwassene + + katalysator (stof) + + freatisch water + + bescherming van een stroomgebied + + + handhaving van de waterstanden + + + katalysator (toestel) + + + + afvoer van overgestroomd water + het vol laten lopen van een spaarbekken + + hydrometrie + + ramp + @@ -3173,18 +14787,26 @@ overstromingsvoorspelling + + hydrografisch netwerk + sedimentologie + + hydrografisch bekken + + + @@ -3195,27 +14817,42 @@ stroomgebied + + + zwemwater (zoet) + + + waterbezit + + water dat niet onder de territoriale eigendomsrechten valt + + + (veen)moeras + ontzilting van water + + + @@ -3223,56 +14860,83 @@ zwemwater (zout) + + + oceaanmonding + exploitatie van de oceaan + + golvenstroming op zee + + estuariumvervuiling + + + rivierbeheer + + + uitspoeling + kanaalsluis + + + volwassenenonderwijs + vangst + afsnijden van waterplantengroei + + bankbescherming + + bedreigde soorten + + + @@ -3285,54 +14949,79 @@ stuwmeer + + het leeg laten lopen van een(water)bekken + + corrosiegraad van water + + verbetering van de waterkwaliteit + + smaak van water + + overmatige planktongroei (zee) + + + zwevende stof + + + + zoutgehalte van het water + + stroomgebied + + kation + fontein + + spaarbekken + @@ -3341,16 +15030,23 @@ runderen + + demineralisatie van water + + + afvalwaterzuivering ter plekke + + @@ -3358,49 +15054,78 @@ gezamenlijke afvalwaterverwerking + + + spaarbekken voor overtollig regenwater + + + + afvoerstelsel voor regenwater + + + gescheiden rioolstelsel + + + gecombineerd rioolsysteem + + waterbeluchting + + individuele afvalwaterverwerking + + + afzettingsbekken + + biofilter + + gebruikt water + + stedelijk afvalwater + + + @@ -3408,133 +15133,194 @@ afvalverwerkingseffluent + + + biologische afvalwaterverwerking + + + bezinking van afvalwater in een bekken + + reden tot (be)zorg(dheid) + waterregeneratie + beheer van de waterbronnen + + + + hol + + afvalsorteringseenheid + + schroothoop + + kringloopnijverheid + + + + gebruik van afval voor energie-doeleinden + + gebruik van afval als materiaal + + strandreiniging + + moeilijk te behandelen afval + alkalische batterij + + elektrische batterij + + afvalsanering + afval afkomstig van de gezondheidssector + bijzonder industrieel afval + + + metaalafval + anorganisch afval + cel [biologie] + + wrak + minerale olie + + + wei + + storten van afval op de zeebodem + + + cel [energie] + + maalrest + zuiveringsrest + + verbrandingsrest + + + @@ -3542,128 +15328,186 @@ het wegruimen van slib + + + ontwaterd slib + cellulose + + restslib + + verdikking + + slibstabilisatie + + cellulose-industrie + + + industriële activiteit + + industriële woestenij + + + + geclassificeerde inrichting + cement + + vierendelen + varkenshouderij + + + cementindustrie + + + olieproductie + + koolwaterstoftank + + + naar olie boren + + + + cementvervaardiging + + aggregaatonttrekking + + werktuigbouw + + houtproductieketen + verpakkingsindustrie + + Centraal-Afrika + Centraal-Amerika + Centraal-Azië + biofiltratie + + + ontchloring + + techniek + @@ -3682,35 +15526,58 @@ methanisering + + + centrale regering + aërobe behandeling + + + aankondiging + + anaërobe behandeling + + + biologische verwerking + + + + + + fysico-chemische behandeling + + + + + @@ -3727,6 +15594,10 @@ lichamelijke behandeling + + + + @@ -3742,65 +15613,92 @@ primaire behandeling + + secundaire behandeling + + tertiaire behandeling + + centralisatie + verglazing + + centrifugering + koppotigen + ondergrondse groeve + + + aardewerk + geotechniek + gesteentemechanica + aardewerkindustrie + + het kappen van kreupelhout + + voorkoming van bosbranden + + + bescherming tegen overstroming + + + @@ -3810,32 +15708,46 @@ landherstel in bergstreken + + + + bodemstabiliteit + vulkanologie + + antiseismische regelgeving + + walvisachtigen + burgerveiligheid + industriële veiligheid + + + @@ -3843,10 +15755,14 @@ blootstelling aan een risico + gevarenzone + + + @@ -3857,6 +15773,7 @@ technologisch ongeluk + @@ -3864,14 +15781,18 @@ ziekte van Chagas + milieuramp + risico op kernongevallen + + @@ -3879,34 +15800,52 @@ ketenbeheer + hoogrisico-installatie + + gevaarlijke installatie + + + biotechnologisch gevaar + + nucleair gevaar + + + + vervoer van gevaarlijke stoffen + + + rampgebied + + + @@ -3914,23 +15853,33 @@ waardeverandering + + risicoanalyse + preventieve informatie + + + rampenplan + kanaliseren + + + @@ -3938,6 +15887,9 @@ schadeverzekering + + + @@ -3945,42 +15897,61 @@ verzekering tegen milieuverontreiniging + + + + waterschade + + raming van de schade + productreklame + + houtskool + + inschatting + schadevergoeding + + + onderhandelbare heffingen + + + openbare instelling + @@ -3988,117 +15959,156 @@ openbare administratieve instelling + openbare instelling op commercieel en industrieel gebied + (wand)kaart + advies + Chelicerata + octrooi + chemische analyse + + persmededeling + spraak + + chemische samenstelling + milieustudie + + absorptie (blootstelling) + + raad + + cinematografische film + + documentaire + + plantenencyclopedie + + verslag uitbrengen aan de Minister + parlementair verslag + + wettelijk voorschrift + proefschrift + chemische ontsmetting + + + Cd-rom + informatie-centrum + chemische technologie + technische informatie + chemische fall-out + + informatienetwerk + @@ -4106,6 +16116,9 @@ chemische meststof + + + @@ -4115,12 +16128,15 @@ analyseren + methode + + @@ -4133,12 +16149,16 @@ ijzer- en staalindustrie + chemische industrie + + + @@ -4148,16 +16168,24 @@ stedelijke habitat + + + natuurlijke fauna + landbeheer en -inrichting + + + + @@ -4167,78 +16195,112 @@ woongebied in het platteland + + + + grondwaterkwaliteit + + het stellen van doelen + + chemische installatie + + + ontogenese + grondbelasting + + tra + biologische cyclus + chemische oceanografie + menselijk habitat + + stedelijke concentratie + + moestuin + + + + fotografie + + flessedop + + + ijzerschroot + + stemming + landbouwstructuur + @@ -4246,10 +16308,12 @@ begrotingsbeleid + chemische bestrijding + @@ -4258,28 +16322,35 @@ samenwerkingsbeleid + internationaal evenwicht + gemeentelijke financiën + + organisatie van het rechtsstelsel + rechten + + @@ -4289,22 +16360,27 @@ economische structuur + commerciële verspreiding + + monetaire betrekkingen + monetaire economie + @@ -4313,23 +16389,29 @@ vrij verkeer van kapitaal + sociale omstandigheden + sociale bescherming + organisatie van het onderwijs + bedrijfsorganisatie + + @@ -4338,46 +16420,65 @@ chemische fabriek + + + + bedrijfsclassificatie + + wettelijke ondernemingsvorm + ontginning van de landbouwgrond + landbouwproductiemiddelen + verwerkt landbouwproduct + + agrovoeding + + chemisch beleid + + economische geografie + + + krediet + @@ -4386,15 +16487,20 @@ vrijheid + industriële structuur + + chemische verontreinigende stof + + @@ -4403,22 +16509,32 @@ voorraad + + sterilisatie + + + milieueconomie van ondernemingen + + oogst + het oplossen van milieuproblemen + + @@ -4427,16 +16543,23 @@ voedergewas + + + industriegewas + + chemische vervuiling + + @@ -4444,57 +16567,77 @@ textielplant + + tropisch gewas + landbouwgrondbezit + landbouwonderneming + soort aanstelling + + geofysisch milieu + petrochemisch + + op maat gemaakt chemisch product + + eiwithoudend product + + verwerkt voedingsmiddel + + beluchting + + + chemische processen + @@ -4505,20 +16648,25 @@ samengestelde voeding + mijnbouwproduct + + wortel- en knolgewas + verbouwingswijze + @@ -4526,6 +16674,7 @@ gewassenteelt + @@ -4533,19 +16682,27 @@ visserijstructuur + visplaats + steenkoolindustrie + + + energie-industrie + + + @@ -4555,33 +16712,48 @@ communicatie-industrie + + + + informatietechnologiesector + + + vacuümindustrie + + marktpreparaat + + fijnmechanica + + materiaaltechnologie + chemische eigenschappen + @@ -4599,29 +16771,36 @@ militaire uitrusting + audiovisueel materiaal + machines + mechanisch materiaal + hogedrukapparatuur + warmte-apparatuur + + @@ -4634,40 +16813,58 @@ industriële fabricage + + bedrijfsgrootte + + zakelijke activiteit + + bedrijfstak + + administratief beroep + + technische voorzieningen van gebouwen + + vervoerswijze + + vervoersbestemming + verval van het milieu + + + @@ -4682,21 +16879,26 @@ gemeentebegroting + + economische steun + boekhoudsysteem + chemische reacties + @@ -4717,14 +16919,19 @@ het opstellen van economische prognoses + douanetarief + + handelsverrichting + + @@ -4733,121 +16940,162 @@ loonbeleid + + Europees Monetair Stelsel + monetaire markt + deviezenbeleid + kredietbeleid + + overheidsschuld + verbruiksbelasting + + kapitaalbelasting + inkomstenbelasting + + belastingbeleid + + landbouwprijs + + marktprijs + vervoerskosten + + prijsbeleid + + economische concentratie + ondernemingsstructuur + + chemisch risico + + financieel beheer + bestuurlijke administratie + ondernemingsbeleid + + concurrentiebeperking + + internationaal privaatrecht + internationaal publiekrecht + internationaal economisch recht + + strafrechtelijke aansprakelijkheid + overheidsopracht + chemicalie + + @@ -4877,75 +17125,99 @@ douaneregelingen + + familierecht + verkeersvoorschrift + + voorschriften voor de landbouwproductie + penitentiair recht + verhuur van onroerend goed + + + informaticarecht + + concurrentierecht + mededingingsregeling + + EG-Verdrag + wet op chemicaliën + + vervoersvoorschrift + + juridisch systeem van de Europese Gemeenschap + gemeentewet + vonnis + rechtsgang + @@ -4957,18 +17229,22 @@ toegankelijkheid van de rechtspleging + organisatie + juridische stand + rechtsstelsel + @@ -4976,6 +17252,7 @@ administratieve organisatie + @@ -4989,6 +17266,8 @@ wetgevingsprocedure + + @@ -4998,6 +17277,7 @@ beheerstechniek + @@ -5006,6 +17286,7 @@ institutionele structuur + @@ -5020,47 +17301,61 @@ institutionele activiteit + gemeenschappelijk handelsbeleid + gemeenschappelijk tariefbeleid + onderzoeksbeleid + bouwbeleid + communicatiebeleid + productiebeleid + + chemicaliën in het milieu + + ruimtevaartbeleid + economisch gebied + + hulpbeleid + @@ -5071,23 +17366,30 @@ humanitaire hulp + internationaal conflict + handhaving van de vrede + maatregel ter bestrijding van milieuverontreiniging + + + opleidingsniveau + @@ -5105,27 +17407,35 @@ algemeen onderwijs + schoolwerk + schoolleven + onderwijsmateriaal + + documentatiesysteem + communicatiemiddelen + + @@ -5134,10 +17444,13 @@ communicatiesysteem + + informatieverwerkend systeem + @@ -5145,29 +17458,40 @@ sociale analyse + + gedragswetenschappen + + beroep in de gezondheidszorg + + testen van scheikundige stoffen + kunstmatige voortplanting + gezondheid van dieren + + + @@ -5175,76 +17499,107 @@ oorlogsslachtoffer + + binnenlandse migratie + geografische verspreiding van de bevolking + + samenstelling van de bevolking + rechten van het individu + + chemische structuur + economische rechten + + + opinietrend + politieke ideologie + gezinstoestand + socio-culturele groep + werkgelegenheidsstructuur + + beroepsstatus + beëindiging van een dienstverband + agrarische beroepsbevolking + + + verlof om sociale redenen + beroepsbevolking + + chemische behandeling + + + + + @@ -5254,24 +17609,35 @@ chemische behandeling van afval + + chemisch afval + + + chemisch wapen + + + chemische adsorptie + chemie + + @@ -5285,119 +17651,168 @@ luchtfoto + kind + + schoorsteen + + kamp + bank + + + lossen van hout + aandeel in de opbrengst + handvest + + + dierlijke uitwerpselen + + + schoorsteenhoogte + + + + toelage + onderhoud (technisch) + verfkamer + + zoutmeer + + wandelpad + + + overloop + + + stek [planten] + ecologisch evenwicht + + stikstofoxide + + + bakoven + + orde van de Chiroptera [vliegende zoogdieren] + runderachtigen + chloride + chloorkoolwaterstoffen + goedkeuring + chlor(er)en + + reiniging + @@ -5405,136 +17820,190 @@ chloor + binnenstad + + chloorethenen + sluisdeur + + + chloorfluorkoolstof + + + geluidseffect + + + + verbod op CFKs en halons + + HCFK + + + chloorfenol + chlorofyl + + loofverliezend bos + + gemengd bos + + bleekzucht + + straf + naaldboom + + chromatografische analyse + + chromatografie + + chroom + goudwieren + schuilplaats + + + gescheiden ophaling aan de bron + kerk + + + kustbeheer + overheidsgebouw + luchtfotografie + het bewustzijn van de burger + moeras + wetgevend proces + + + stad + + @@ -5542,52 +18011,75 @@ binnenstad + + terugneembare verpakking + afvalgassenverspreiding + + tussenproduct + + mutagene stof + + + gemeentelijk (vuil)stortplaats + + aërobe voorwaarden + + + burgerluchtvaart + teratogene stoffen + + weg- en waterbouwkunde + + burgerbescherming + + burgerlijk recht + @@ -5595,72 +18087,98 @@ gemeentelijk verwarmingsnetwerk + schadeloosstellingseis + wet inzake het instellen van (principeel) processen tegen of uit naam van e + classificatie + klei + verbruiksbelasting + tweevleugeligen [insecten] + naaldbos + + saneren + + + + reinigingsdienst + reinigingsproduct + metro + overheidscontract + aëroob proces + + + schone technologie + + + + + genetisch gewijzigd organisme + @@ -5668,14 +18186,18 @@ pleziervaart + + element dat inwerkt op de oppervlakte + klimaat + @@ -5693,10 +18215,15 @@ zuurtegraad + de invloed van veranderingen in het klimaat + + + + @@ -5706,31 +18233,41 @@ bedrijfstak + dierlijke resten + + klimaatbescherming + + zeekaart + van het klimaat afhankelijke natuurlijke hulpbronnen + + beleid inzake natuurbehoud + klimaattype + @@ -5743,11 +18280,15 @@ klimaatschommeling + + klimaatverandering + + @@ -5762,16 +18303,20 @@ gezondmaking van het milieu + klimaatexperiment + + klimaatfactor + @@ -5779,6 +18324,9 @@ klimaatzone + + + @@ -5786,6 +18334,8 @@ klimatologie + + @@ -5793,28 +18343,37 @@ aërobiologie + + climax + + klimplant [muur] + ziektesymptoom + milieuheffingen + mijnbouw + + @@ -5831,95 +18390,123 @@ het klonen + Zwarte Zee + Kaspische Zee + Middellandse Zee + inheemse kennis + + beroepsleven + + onderwerp + niet goed afbreekbare organisch verontreinigende stoffen + sedimentbeweging + + vernietiging van het natuurlijk woongebied + + + vanaf het land gestuurde activiteit + lichamelijke verandering + + beoordeling per sector + informatieinfrastructuur + informatie met geografische componenten + + gegevenscentrum + Internetprovider + sluiting + elektronische informatienetwerk + uitgebreid netwerk + Internet + @@ -5932,90 +18519,113 @@ wereldwijde web + homepage + hypertext + prikbordsysteem + nieuwsgroep + elektronische post + multimedia technologie + een onderneming sluiten + audiovisuele voordracht + informatieset + tentoonstellen + nieuwsbrief + radioprogramma + televisieprogramma + public relations + bibliografische informatiesysteem + bibliografische informatie + verwijzingsinformatiesysteem + verwijzingsinformatie + statistische informatiesysteem + statistische informatie + bibliotheekdienst + + @@ -6026,53 +18636,65 @@ referentiedienst + het indexeren van informatie + het uitlenen van documenten + interbibliothecair leenverkeer + selectieve verspreiding van informatie + kleding + Cd-rom zoekdienst + Internetzoekoptie + informatiedistributiecentrum + beslissingsondersteunend systeem + softwareontwikkeling + informatie-uitwisseling + @@ -6081,38 +18703,49 @@ relationele database + multispectrale scanner + resolutie + kledingindustrie + + beeldpunt + spectraalband + landschapsherkenning + digitaal beeldverwerkingssysteem + digitale beeldverwerkingstechniek + + @@ -6121,88 +18754,113 @@ patroonherkenning + + mozaïek + filteren van een beeld + beeldversterking + geometrische correctie + wolk + beeldopslag + beeldclassificatie + beeldclassificatie onder toezicht + beeldclassificatie zonder toezicht + kleursamenstelling + atmosferische correctie + GIS digitaal systeem + + GIS digitaal formaat + vector + punt + + lijn + + veelhoek + raster + eigenschap + GIS digitale techniek + @@ -6217,36 +18875,46 @@ interpolatie + raster + van raster- naar vectorformaat + van vector- naar rasterformaat + landsgrens + binnengrens + bestuurlijke grens + + gegevens met geografische componenten + + @@ -6255,138 +18923,193 @@ geografische projectie + coordinatenstelsel + breedtegraad (geografisch) + lengtegraad (geografisch) + remote-sensingcentrum + + GIS laboratorium + on-linedienst(verlening) + ondergrondse opslag + bedrijfseconomie + + afschrikking + oud stort voor gevaarlijk afval + + + ruimte (uitrustingsprogramma) + + diepzeemijnbouw + + + mengmest + + + + elektrotechnische industrie + + + dienstverlenende bedrijvigheid + + herstel van de waterkwaliteit + + plaatselijke warmtevoorziening + + expediteur + + afvalvoorkoming + + + wet van de natuurlijke onafhankelijkheid + milieu-overtreding + provinciale wetgeving + provinciaal gezag + internationale vergelijking + weginrichting + + + toezicht op de kwaliteit van de lucht + + + + burgerinitiatief + onder druk staand gebied + + opslag + + @@ -6398,22 +19121,29 @@ berghut + ruimte-onderzoek + rode lijst + stolling + + steenkool + + @@ -6422,38 +19152,54 @@ steenkoolenergie + isolerend materiaal + + klaring van een vloeistof + + + + + + steenkoolcentrale + + + + + + + @@ -6461,6 +19207,9 @@ + aanpassing aan klimaatverandering + het proces waarbij men zich voorbereidt op het leven in veranderende klimaatomstandigheden + @@ -6468,23 +19217,33 @@ + + + + + + + + bovengrondse biomassa + de totale hoeveelheid bovengronds organisch materiaal, met inbegrip van stammen, stronken, takken, schors, zaden, naalden en bladeren + @@ -6495,12 +19254,14 @@ + + @@ -6508,6 +19269,8 @@ + + @@ -6515,6 +19278,8 @@ + + @@ -6522,17 +19287,27 @@ + + productie van bio-energie uit landbouwgewassen + oliehoudende gewassen die worden omgezet in biobrandstoffen + + + landbouwmeststofadditief + elke stof die wordt toegevoegd aan een meststof, bodemverbeteraar of groeimiddel om de landbouwefficiëntie van het eindproduct te verbeteren of om het lot in het milieu van de door de meststof afgegeven voedingsstoffen te wijzigen + + + @@ -6542,6 +19317,10 @@ + inventarisatiegids emissie van luchtverontreinigende stoffen + gemeenschappelijke gids van EMEP en EMA, op grond van het VN-ECE-verdrag betreffende grensoverschrijdende luchtverontreiniging over lange afstand (CLRTAP) en de EU-Richtlijn Nationale Emissieplafonds, met deskundig advies voor het samenstellen van een inventaris van emissies naar de lucht + + @@ -6551,9 +19330,15 @@ steenkoolvergassing + + + + richtlijnen luchtkwaliteit + richtlijnen die de wettelijke grondslag vormen voor de analyse en het beheer van de luchtkwaliteit in de lidstaten + @@ -6565,12 +19350,19 @@ + + + + + + + @@ -6578,36 +19370,59 @@ + + + + + + + beheer van dierlijk afval + correcte hantering, opslag en benuting van afval dat afkomstig is van dieren in gevangenschap, waaronder middelen om het afval te verzamelen, af te schrapen of weg te wassen van de huisvestingsruimten naar geschikte afvalopslagstructuren + + + + + + + + + + + steenkooliquefactie + + + + @@ -6615,28 +19430,43 @@ + artificiële oppervlakte + totaal van bebouwde oppervlakten en niet-bebouwde kunstmatige oppervlakten + + + + + + + + Barentszzee + gebied gelegen tussen Nova Zembla in het oosten en de lijn Noorwegen–Bereneiland–Zuid-Spitsbergen in het westen + + zwemwaterrichtlijn + regels die zijn vastgelegd door de Europese Unie (EU) voor het monitoren, analyseren en beheren van de kwaliteit van het zwemwater alsmede voor het verstrekken van informatie over deze kwaliteit, teneinde de verontreiniging van zwemwater te beperken en te voorkomen en de Europese burgers te informeren over de mate van verontreiniging + @@ -6648,13 +19478,20 @@ + zwemwaterwetgeving + Europese wetgeving die tot doel heeft de volksgezondheid en het aquatisch milieu zowel aan de kust als in het binnenland te beschermen tegen verontreiniging + + + ondergrondse biomassa + alle levende biomassa bestaande uit levende wortels + @@ -6669,22 +19506,34 @@ steenkoolmijnbouw + + + + ondergrondse biomassa-aangroei + aangroei van ondergrondse biomassa, met inbegrip van grove wortels en wortelhals + + + + + + + @@ -6694,6 +19543,8 @@ + + @@ -6702,6 +19553,8 @@ + + @@ -6711,6 +19564,8 @@ + + @@ -6718,44 +19573,63 @@ + + + + + + + + + blauwe groei + langetermijnstrategie van de EU ter ondersteuning van groei in de gehele maritieme sector + + + + + + + + + @@ -6768,49 +19642,69 @@ + + het raffineren van kolen + + + + + + + koolstofvoorraad + de hoeveelheid koolstof in een "pool", zijnde een compartiment of een systeem dat koolstof kan verzamelen of vrijgeven + + + draagkracht + maximale hoeveelheid biologische producten en diensten die de natuurlijke omgeving kan leveren, zonder dat hernieuwbare hulpbronnen sneller worden opgebruikt dan ze regenereren, zodat de ecosystemen levensvatbaar blijven + + + chemisch bedrijfsafval + alle afval dat afkomstig is van een handel of bedrijf, van industriële of commerciële activiteiten + + @@ -6820,6 +19714,10 @@ + gevolgen van klimaatverandering + gevolgen van de klimaatverandering voor natuurlijke en menselijke systemen + + @@ -6829,6 +19727,9 @@ + klimaatbeleid + overheids- of particuliere maatregelen ter verlaging van door de mens veroorzaakte broeikasgasemissies of ter aanpassing aan de klimaatverandering + @@ -6838,6 +19739,8 @@ + + @@ -6847,47 +19750,72 @@ + klimaatzone + een van de acht grote zones, ruwweg afgebakend door breedtecirkels, waarin de aarde kan worden verdeeld op basis van het klimaat + aërodynamisch geluid + + + + + + + samenwerkingsconsumptie + manieren die consumenten in staat stellen om doeltreffender en hulpbronefficiënter producten of diensten te verkrijgen, waarbij op een fundamenteel andere manier in de behoeften van de consument wordt voorzien, onder andere door een verschuiving van individuele beslissingen naar een georganiseerde of collectieve vraag + + + + bouwafval + minerale materialen die als afval ontstaan bij het slopen, renoveren en verbouwen van gebouwen en delen daarvan + + + + + + + akkerlandbeheer + elke activiteit die resulteert uit een systeem van praktijken die worden toegepast op grond waarop landbouwgewassen worden geteeld en grond die braak ligt of tijdelijk niet wordt gebruikt voor gewasteelt + @@ -6895,32 +19823,48 @@ kolentechnologie + + + + + + + + + + + + + + ontwikkelingsbeleid + beleid van de Europese Unie met als voornaamste doel de uitroeiing van armoede tegen de achtergrond van duurzame ontwikkeling, met inbegrip van verwezenlijking van de millenniumdoelstellingen (MDG's) en de bevordering van democratie, goed bestuur en eerbiediging van de mensenrechten + @@ -6929,23 +19873,31 @@ + + rampenrisico + convergentie van gevaren en kwetsbaarheid van degenen die eraan zijn blootgesteld + + + kust + + @@ -6955,27 +19907,50 @@ + binnenlands materiaalverbruik + totale hoeveelheid materiaal die direct wordt gebruikt in de economie minus het materiaal dat wordt uitgevoerd + + + + + + + + + + + + aardobservatie + het verzamelen van informatie over de fysieke, chemische en biologische systemen van de planeet Aarde via teledetectietechnologie, meestal met behulp van satellieten die voorzien zijn van beeldvormingsapparatuur + + + + + biocapaciteit + het vermogen van een ecosysteem om biologische materialen te produceren die worden gebruikt door mensen en om het door mensen geproduceerde afval op te nemen, volgens de actuele beheersystemen en extractietechnieken + + @@ -6989,15 +19964,24 @@ + ecologische beschaving + evenwicht tussen economische ontwikkeling en de bescherming van de natuur + + + + + ecologische voetafdruk + oppervlakte aan productieve land- en waterecosystemen die nodig is om de hulpbronnen te produceren die de bevolking gebruikt en het afval dat die bevolking produceert, te kunnen verwerken, waar op aarde de grond en het water zich ook bevinden + @@ -7006,6 +19990,11 @@ + ecologische veerkracht + vermogen van een ecologisch of sociaalecologisch systeem en de componenten ervan om tijdig en efficiënt de gevolgen van een gevaarlijke gebeurtenis of tendens te voorzien, te beperken, ermee om te gaan of ervan te herstellen + + + @@ -7021,6 +20010,8 @@ kustgebied + + @@ -7029,6 +20020,9 @@ + + + @@ -7039,6 +20033,7 @@ + @@ -7047,32 +20042,57 @@ + + + + ecosysteemgrenzen + ruimtelijke afbakening van een ecosysteem, doorgaans gebaseerd op onderbrekingen in de verspreiding van organismen, de biofysische omgeving (bodemtypes, stroomgebieden, diepte in een waterlichaam) en ruimtelijke interacties (activiteitsgebieden, migratiepatronen, materiestromen) + + + + + + + + + ecosysteeminteractie + uitwisselingen van materialen, energie en informatie in en tussen ecosystemen + + + + + + + + + + @@ -7080,10 +20100,16 @@ + ecosysteemdiensten + voordelen die mensen genieten van ecosystemen die bijdragen aan het menselijk welzijn + + + + @@ -7091,41 +20117,61 @@ + ecosysteemkwetsbaarheid + blootstelling aan risico's en stress en de moeilijkheid daarmee om te gaan + + + + + + + effectiviteitsbeoordeling + het vergelijken van de effecten van een maatregel, de resultaten en/of gevolgen, met de uitdrukkelijk gestelde doelstellingen ervan + + + + + emissierecht + recht om gedurende een bepaalde periode één ton kooldioxide, of een hoeveelheid van een ander broeikasgas met een gelijkwaardig aardopwarmingspotentieel, uit te stoten + + + + @@ -7138,6 +20184,9 @@ + emissieniveau + gekwantificeerde verplichtingen inzake emissiebeperking of -reductie, uitgedrukt in ton kooldioxide-equivalent, voor de vaststelling van de respectieve emissieniveaus die met inachtneming van artikel 4 van het Protocol van Kyoto aan de Europese Gemeenschap en haar lidstaten zijn toegewezen + @@ -7148,6 +20197,9 @@ + regeling voor de emissiehandel + belangrijk beleidsinstrument om ervoor te zorgen dat Europa en andere landen tegen zo laag mogelijke kosten hun nagestreefde broeikasgasemissiereductie halen door de beprijzingsstelsels aan te passen, wat van essentieel belang is om het hulpbronnenefficiënt transformatieproces van de groene economie met de EU-regeling voor de emissiehandel (EU ETS) als de pijler van de toekomstige mondiale koolstofmarkt in gang te zetten + @@ -7158,21 +20210,33 @@ kustontwikkeling + + + + + milieuactieprogramma + programma dat het kader verschaft voor het milieuoptreden van de Europese Unie + + + + + + @@ -7181,10 +20245,13 @@ + + + @@ -7196,6 +20263,11 @@ + milieuvoetafdruk + de milieueffecten van een product, dienst en/of onderneming gedurende zijn/haar levenscyclus + + + @@ -7204,6 +20276,9 @@ + ecologisch bestuur + regels, processen en gedragingen die van invloed zijn op de manier waarop bevoegdheden op Europees niveau worden uitgeoefend op het vlak van milieubeleid, met name wat betreft openheid, betrokkenheid, verantwoordingsplicht, doeltreffendheid en samenhang + @@ -7216,6 +20291,7 @@ + @@ -7227,6 +20303,8 @@ + + @@ -7236,14 +20314,21 @@ kustecosysteem + + + + + milieuvoorschriften + wetten om de schade aan ecosystemen, hulpbronnen of mensen in het algemeen, die het gevolg is van menselijke activiteit, te beperken + @@ -7254,9 +20339,15 @@ + milieugebruiksruimte + hoeveelheid energie, water, grond, niet-hernieuwbare grondstoffen en hout die op een duurzame manier wordt gebruikt + + + + @@ -7264,6 +20355,9 @@ + EU-regeling voor de emissiehandel + s werelds omvangrijkste regeling inzake uitstootbeperking en emissiehandel, het kerninstrument om de naleving van het Protocol van Kyoto in de EU te waarborgen, van start gegaan in januari 2005 + @@ -7272,11 +20366,19 @@ + Europees milieuobservatie- en informatienetwerk + samenwerkingsverband tussen het Europees Milieuagentschap (EMA) en de aangesloten en samenwerkende landen, met het doel actuele en correcte gegevens, informatie en deskundigheid te leveren om de toestand van het milieu in Europa en de bedreigingen waaraan het onderhevig is, te evalueren door beleidsmakers in staat te stellen passende maatregelen te nemen om het milieu op nationaal en Europees niveau te beschermen en de effectiviteit van maatregelen en beleid te bewaken + + + behoud ex situ + behoud van bestanddelen van de biologische diversiteit buiten hun natuurlijke habitats + + @@ -7285,11 +20387,18 @@ + + + messtofgebruik + totale hoeveelheid stikstof (N), fosfaat (P2O5) en kaliumcarbonaat (K2O) die wordt gebruikt in de landbouw + + + @@ -7300,16 +20409,23 @@ + + kustmilieu + + + + + @@ -7317,6 +20433,10 @@ + overstromingsgevaar + combinatie van de waarschijnlijkheid van een overstroming en de daarmee verbonden blootstellingskenmerken, zoals overstromingsdiepte, snelheid, duur, stijgsnelheid, periode en waterkwaliteit + + @@ -7326,6 +20446,10 @@ + overstromingspreventie + het voorkomen van schade ten gevolge van overstromingen door geen huizen en bedrijfsgebouwen in actuele en toekomstige overstromingsgevoelige gebieden te bouwen en toekomstige ontwikkelingen aan te passen aan het overstromingsrisico en door gepaste praktijken inzake bodemgebruik, land- en bosbouw te bevorderen + + @@ -7334,6 +20458,9 @@ + overstromingsrisicobeheer + voortdurende en allesomvattende maatschappelijke analyse, beoordeling en vermindering van het overstromingsrisico + @@ -7341,6 +20468,9 @@ + voedselafval + afval bestaande uit rauwe of bereide voedingsmaterialen, waaronder levensmiddelen die worden weggegooid voor, tijdens of na de voedselbereiding bij productie-, distributie-, retail- of voedingsdienstactiviteiten, waaronder substanties als groenteschillen, vleesafsnijdsels en bedorven of overtollige ingrediënten of bereid voedsel + @@ -7353,6 +20483,9 @@ + bosbiodiversiteit + alle levensvormen in bosgebieden en de ecologische functies die ze vervullen + @@ -7361,6 +20494,9 @@ + bebost gebied + ondergecultiveerd gebied of niet-gecultiveerde bomengroep met een oppervlakte van meer dan 0,5 hectare en met een kroonbedekking van meer dan 10 %, waarop bomen staan die in volwassen staat een hoogte van minimaal vijf meter kunnen bereiken + @@ -7372,6 +20508,11 @@ + verbruik van fossiele brandstoffen + totale verbruik van aardolie, steenkool en aardgas + + + @@ -7379,6 +20520,9 @@ + + + @@ -7386,6 +20530,8 @@ + + @@ -7394,24 +20540,35 @@ + + + functionele voeding + voedsel dat genuttigd wordt als onderdeel van het normale dieet en heilzame effecten heeft die de traditionele voedingseffecten overstijgen + + + + + + + @@ -7427,6 +20584,7 @@ + @@ -7442,6 +20600,7 @@ + @@ -7449,12 +20608,14 @@ + + @@ -7464,6 +20625,8 @@ + + @@ -7476,14 +20639,25 @@ kusterosie + + + + + + + + + groene economie + economie waarin beleid en innovaties het doeltreffend gebruik van hulpbronnen in de samenleving mogelijk maken, het menselijke welzijn op inclusieve wijze verbeteren en tegelijk de natuurlijke systemen die ons ondersteunen, in stand houden + @@ -7493,6 +20667,18 @@ + broeikasgasemissie + emissies waarop het Protocol van Kyoto betrekking heeft, waaronder van kooldioxide (CO2), methaan (CH4), stikstofoxide (N2O) en drie gefluoreerde gassen, fluorkoolwaterstoffen (HFK's), perfluorkoolstoffen (PFK's) en zwavelhexafluoride (SF6) + + + + + + + + + + @@ -7511,6 +20697,8 @@ + + @@ -7520,6 +20708,9 @@ + bovengrondse biomassa + de totale hoeveelheid bovengronds organisch materiaal, met inbegrip van stammen, stronken, takken, schors, zaden, naalden en bladeren + @@ -7531,13 +20722,21 @@ + + + + + + habitatrichtlijn + Richtlijn 92/43/EEG van de Raad van 21 mei 1992 inzake de instandhouding van de natuurlijke habitats en de wilde flora en fauna, die de instandhouding verzekert van een brede waaier zeldzame, bedreigde of endemische dier- en plantsoorten, alsmede zeldzame en karakteristieke typen habitats wegens hun intrinsieke waarde + @@ -7550,6 +20749,7 @@ + @@ -7560,15 +20760,23 @@ + warmtestress + omstandigheid waarin de prestatie of het overleven van een gewas in gevaar gebracht wordt door perioden van blootstelling aan hoge temperaturen + kustvisserij + + zware stookolie + elke van aardolie afgeleide vloeibare brandstof, met uitzondering van scheepsbrandstof + + @@ -7578,19 +20786,34 @@ + + + + + + + ijskap + koepelvormige gletsjer met radiale stroom, meestal in hoogland + + + ijsverlies + reeks onderling verbonden processen, waaronder oceaancirculatie, temperatuur, weer en albedo van de aarde, die bijdragen tot de afname van de ijsmassa in zee en aan land + + + @@ -7600,12 +20823,22 @@ + ijslaag + permanente laag ijs die een grote landoppervlakte bedekt, met name in een poolgebied + + + + massabalans van de ijslaag + snelheid van ijsverlies en belangrijkste indicator voor een verandering van de ijslaag + + + @@ -7613,6 +20846,9 @@ + + + @@ -7623,12 +20859,25 @@ + + + + + + + + + + + + + @@ -7636,6 +20885,8 @@ + + @@ -7645,6 +20896,8 @@ + + @@ -7653,13 +20906,22 @@ + + + + + bodemdegradatie + proces waarbij het actuele en/of potentiële vermogen van de bodem om goederen en diensten te produceren afneemt en dat kan worden beperkt, omgekeerd en voorkomen door een gepast bodembeheer + + + @@ -7669,6 +20931,9 @@ + richtlijn betreffende het storten van afvalstoffen + Richtlijn waarin de verschillende categorieën afval worden gedefinieerd (gemeentelijk afval, gevaarlijke afvalstoffen, ongevaarlijke afvalstoffen en inerte afvalstoffen) die geldt voor alle stortplaatsen en die bedoeld zijn negatieve gevolgen voor het milieu, met name voor het oppervlaktewater, het grondwater, de bodem, de lucht en de menselijke gezondheid te beperken of te voorkomen, door strenge technische eisen in te voeren voor afvalstoffen en stortplaatsen + @@ -7681,6 +20946,7 @@ + @@ -7691,6 +20957,9 @@ + + + @@ -7702,6 +20971,8 @@ + + @@ -7715,15 +20986,20 @@ + + + + + @@ -7731,6 +21007,8 @@ + + @@ -7739,6 +21017,8 @@ + + @@ -7748,6 +21028,10 @@ + scheepsbrandstof + alle brandstof die is bestemd voor de scheepvaart + + @@ -7757,6 +21041,10 @@ + + + + @@ -7765,6 +21053,8 @@ + + @@ -7774,6 +21064,9 @@ + kaderrichtlijn mariene strategie + EU-richtlijn die bijdraagt tot de samenhang van de verschillende beleidsmaatregelen, overeenkomsten en wetgevende maatregelen die van invloed zijn op het mariene milieu, en ernaar streeft de integratie van de milieudimensie daarin te waarborgen + @@ -7786,6 +21079,7 @@ + @@ -7796,16 +21090,28 @@ kustvervuiling + + + + + + + + + + + + @@ -7813,6 +21119,10 @@ + gemeentelijke afvalproductie + afval dat wordt verzameld door of namens gemeenten en grotendeels afkomstig is van huishoudens, maar ook afval afkomstig van handelszaken, kantoorgebouwen, instellingen en kleine ondernemingen kan bevatten + + @@ -7820,34 +21130,51 @@ + gemeentelijk afvalwater + afvalwater dat wordt verzameld door of namens gemeenten, grotendeels afkomstig van huishoudens + + + + + + + + + + + + + nitraatrichtlijn + richtlijn die voorschrijft hoeveel stikstof er maximaal mag worden uitgereden op de bodem in de vorm van dierlijke mest, om verdere nitraatverontreiniging te voorkomen + @@ -7858,6 +21185,8 @@ + + @@ -7865,15 +21194,20 @@ + + + + + @@ -7895,25 +21229,38 @@ + + + + + + + + + + + + + @@ -7925,9 +21272,18 @@ + organische bodemverbeteraar + stof die koolstofhoudende materialen bevat en bedoeld is om het gehalte aan organische stoffen in de bodem te verhogen + + + + + + + @@ -7936,10 +21292,27 @@ + milieuvoetafdrukmethode voor organisaties + algemene methode voor het meten en bekendmaken van het potentiële milieueffect van een organisatie gedurende haar levenscyclus + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + @@ -7951,29 +21324,45 @@ + + + + aantasting van de ozonlaag + geleidelijke afname van het ozongehalte in de stratosfeer en daling van het stratosferisch ozon in de poolgebieden + + + + + + + plantsoenafval + biologisch afbreekbaar groenafval van plantsoenen en tuinen, met inbegrip van water en hout (lignocellulose, gemaaid gras, snoeisel van bomen en struiken, bladeren, bloemen) + + + @@ -7981,14 +21370,21 @@ kustwater + + biostimulant + middel dat stoffen en/of micro-organismen bevat die, wanneer toegepast op planten of de wortelzone, natuurlijke processen stimuleren ter verbetering van de nutriëntenopname, nutriëntefficiëntie, weerstand tegen abiotische stress en/of de gewaskwaliteit, ongeacht het gehalte aan voedingsstoffen + + + + @@ -7997,17 +21393,24 @@ + beleidskader + bewijsmiddelen en doelstellingen op langere termijn die worden overeengekomen en geïmplementeerd in samenwerking met belanghebbenden, als vastgelegd in één enkel beleidsdocument of een reeks met elkaar samenhangende beleidsdocumenten + + tenuitvoerlegging van het beleid + proces waarbij programma's worden uitgevoerd en derhalve plannen in de praktijk worden gebracht + + @@ -8017,10 +21420,14 @@ + + primaire energie + energie in fossiele brandstoffen en hernieuwbare energiebronnen die geen conversie- of transformatieproces heeft ondergaan + @@ -8032,6 +21439,10 @@ + + + + @@ -8039,24 +21450,47 @@ + milieuvoetafdrukmethode voor producten + algemene methode voor het meten en bekendmaken van het potentiële milieueffect van een product gedurende zijn levenscyclus + + + + + + + + + + + prosumerisme + soort van collaboratieve consumptie waarbij het onderscheid tussen producent en consument vervaagt + + + + planning van de kustzone + + + + + @@ -8072,6 +21506,9 @@ + richtlijn hernieuwbare energie + richtlijn waarin een algemeen beleid wordt vastgesteld voor het produceren en het bevorderen van energie uit hernieuwbare bronnen in de EU, waarbij de lidstaten worden opgeroepen om nationale actieplannen voor hernieuwbare energie in te dienen met daarin een gedetailleerd stappenplan om het wettelijk bindend streefcijfer voor het aandeel van energie uit hernieuwbare bronnen in het eindverbruik tegen uiterlijk 2020 te halen + @@ -8081,12 +21518,16 @@ + + + + @@ -8096,22 +21537,37 @@ + + + + + + hulpbronnenproductiviteit + verhouding tussen het bruto binnenlands product (bbp) en het binnenlands materiaalverbruik (bmv) + + + + + + + + @@ -8119,15 +21575,22 @@ + + + + kustwacht + + + @@ -8139,6 +21602,11 @@ + stroomgebied + een gebied waarvan al het overtollige water afvloeit via stromen, rivieren of meren in de zee via één riviermond, estuarium of delta + + + @@ -8146,6 +21614,12 @@ + + + + + + @@ -8153,75 +21627,109 @@ + wegverkeersgeluid + omgevingsgeluid dat wordt gegenereerd door voertuigen op wegen en snelwegen en toe te schrijven is aan rol- en aandrijfgeluid + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + @@ -8234,6 +21742,8 @@ + + @@ -8241,12 +21751,15 @@ + + + @@ -8256,53 +21769,84 @@ deklaag + + + + + + + + + doelstelling inzake duurzame ontwikkeling + geïntegreerde en ondeelbare doelstellingen, vastgelegd in de Agenda 2030 voor duurzame ontwikkeling van de Verenigde Naties; ze zijn mondiaal van aard en universeel toepasbaar, houden rekening met de verschillende nationale realiteiten, capaciteiten en ontwikkelingsniveaus en respecteren tegelijk de nationale beleidslijnen en prioriteiten + + + + duurzaam bosbeheer + zodanig beheer en gebruik van bossen en bosgronden dat hun biodiversiteit, productiviteit, regeneratievermogen, vitaliteit en vermogen om nu en in de toekomst relevante ecologische, economische en sociale functies te vervullen op lokaal, nationaal en mondiaal niveau, in stand gehouden wordt en dat er geen schade wordt berokkend aan andere ecosystemen + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + @@ -8310,19 +21854,30 @@ + + + + + + + + overgangswater + water tussen het land en de zee, waaronder fjorden, riviermondingen, lagunes, delta's en ria's + + @@ -8331,16 +21886,24 @@ + + + + + + + + @@ -8348,10 +21911,15 @@ + + + + + @@ -8361,10 +21929,12 @@ kobalt + + @@ -8378,6 +21948,9 @@ + + + @@ -8385,16 +21958,25 @@ + + + + + + + + + @@ -8402,6 +21984,9 @@ + + + @@ -8410,11 +21995,16 @@ + + + + + @@ -8424,6 +22014,10 @@ + + + + @@ -8432,6 +22026,8 @@ + + @@ -8442,9 +22038,13 @@ kakkerlakken + + kaderrichtlijn water + Richtlijn 2000/60/EG tot vaststelling van een kader voor communautaire maatregelen betreffende het waterbeleid + @@ -8458,24 +22058,39 @@ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + @@ -8487,6 +22102,8 @@ + + @@ -8494,12 +22111,16 @@ + + + + @@ -8508,6 +22129,7 @@ + @@ -8517,12 +22139,14 @@ + + @@ -8530,29 +22154,93 @@ + + huishoudelijk afval + afval dat afkomstig is van een verblijf dat uitsluitend voor bewoning wordt gebruikt, en dat wordt verwijderd via de normale gemengde huisvuilinzameling + + + + + rook in binnenruimte + luchtverontreiniging die een reeks gezondheidschadelijke verontreinigende stoffen bevat, zoals kleine deeltjes en koolstofmonoxide (CO), en ook niveaus van specifieke verontreinigende stoffen die vele keren hoger kunnen zijn dan de aanvaardbare richtwaarden voor binnenruimten + + + + + Inspire + Richtlijn tot oprichting van een infrastructuur voor ruimtelijke informatie in Europa, ter ondersteuning van het milieubeleid van de Gemeenschap en van beleidsgebieden of activiteiten die het milieu kunnen beïnvloeden + + + + + stortplaatsafval + afval dat op of in de grond geplaatst is + + + + + + stortplaatsafvalstromen + afval dat afkomstig is van commerciële, industriële en huishoudelijke bronnen en wordt gestort op een stortplaats, gekenmerkt overeenkomstig de Europese Afvalcatalogus, en dat de hoeveelheid aanwezig stortplaatsafval verhoogt, zonder de fracties die al gerecupereerd zijn voor hergebruik, recycling of verbranding + + + + + organisch afvalwater + organisch biologisch afbreekbaar afvalwater dat organische verontreinigende stoffen bevat, zoals rioolwater, industrieel afvalwater en dergelijke + + + + + + beleidseffectiviteit + inzet van bepaalde beleidsinstrumenten om de kans te vergroten dat het vastgelegde beleidsdoel behaald wordt + + + + + temperatuurverandering + verandering in de mondiale gemiddelde temperatuur die kan leiden tot klimaatverandering + + + + + rookgasontzwaveling + nabehandelingsapparatuur die aan het einde van de pijpleiding wordt geïnstalleerd in grote verbrandingsinstallaties zoals elektriciteitscentrales + + + + chemische zuurstofverbruik + + + standaardprocedurenorm + code + holtedieren + warmtekrachtkoppeling + @@ -8560,45 +22248,65 @@ gezamenlijke verbranding + + + cokes + + koude + + ecosysteem van/in koude gebieden + + colibacteriën + + colloïde + + + + colloïdale toestand + kolonisatie + aërosol + + + @@ -8606,36 +22314,53 @@ colorimetrie + + + kleur + wisselwerking + + + + centrale voor gecombineerde electriciteits-en warmteproductie + + + gecombineerd afvalwater + brandbaarheid + + verbrandingsmotor + + + @@ -8644,12 +22369,16 @@ verbrandingsgas + verbrandingsrest + + + @@ -8657,10 +22386,13 @@ commercialisatie + + handelsrecht + @@ -8669,35 +22401,50 @@ bedrijfslawaai + zakelijk verkeer + + + + + bedrijfsvoertuig + industrie-afval + + gemeenschappelijk landbouwbeleid + + + gemeenschappelijke regeling + communicatie + + @@ -8707,11 +22454,13 @@ ecologische (levens)gemeenschap + wet van de Europese Gemeenschap + @@ -8719,66 +22468,92 @@ inspraak + het vervuiler-betaalt-principe + + woon-werkverkeer + + + pendelen + + samendrukking + + + ondernemingsbeleid + + esthetica + + vergelijkend recht + vergelijkend onderzoek + vergelijking + + (schade)vergoeding + compenserende maatregel + compenserende belasting + + + concurrentie [biologisch] + concurrentie (economisch) + @@ -8786,28 +22561,38 @@ concurrentievermogen + complexering + complexvormer + + samengestelde verontreiniging + compost + + + composteerbaar afval + + @@ -8818,33 +22603,45 @@ composteren + + compostering door de producent + + samendrukking + + luchtverdichter + + verplicht gebruik + Europese Gemeenschappen + bosaanplanting + + @@ -8852,6 +22649,7 @@ concentratie [waarde] + @@ -8864,50 +22662,73 @@ concentratie [proces] + + + beton + + betonnijverheid + + + condensatie + + + geleidend vermogen + + tegenstrijdig gebruik + + tegenstrijdigheid van (streef)doelen + belangenconflict + congres + naaldbomen + + naaldbos + + Afrika + @@ -8917,44 +22738,66 @@ behoud + + zoetwaterbescherming + + bescherming genetisch materiaal + + + monumentenzorg + + + naverbranding + + + staatsrecht + bouwuitrusting + + lawaaihinder door bouwactiviteiten + + installatie- of apparatenbouw + + bouwtechnologie + + @@ -8963,15 +22806,23 @@ leeftijd + + + bouw met hergebruik-materiaal + + + het bouwen + + @@ -8982,40 +22833,55 @@ overleg + gedrag verbruiker + + verbruiksgoederen + + verbruikersgroep + + verbruikersinformatie + + + verbruikersbescherming + verbruikersafval + + verbruik + + @@ -9023,6 +22889,8 @@ vebruikspatroon + + @@ -9038,6 +22906,8 @@ container + + @@ -9047,14 +22917,18 @@ bedwinging (kernindustrie) + verontreinigde grond + + vervuiling + @@ -9064,19 +22938,23 @@ continentaal plat + continue belasting + contourbouw + overeenkomst + @@ -9084,34 +22962,46 @@ schoonmaakbedrijf + beheerste verbranding + onder toezicht staande jachtzone + + + + controlerende instantie + beheersingsmaatregel + + verstedelijkt gebied + + overeenkomst + @@ -9121,6 +23011,7 @@ conventionele [niet-nucleaire] energie + @@ -9130,116 +23021,155 @@ koelen + koelolie + koeltoren + + + + koelwater + + + samenwerking + samenwerkingsprincipe + coördinatie + koper + hakhoutbosje + + koralen + koraalrif + + Chordata + afsmelting van een reactorkern + + kurk + + (brede) (door)gang + corrosie + anticorrosiemiddel + + cosmetica-industrie + + + kosmische straling + + kosten-baten + kosten-baten analyse + overeenkomst (wettige/wettelijke) + kostentoename + volledige kostendekking + kostenvermindering + kosten + @@ -9253,49 +23183,65 @@ kosten van milieuverontreiniging + + kosten van de binnenlandse economie + katoen + + overeenkomst (contract) + provincie + gerechtshof + afdekking [actie] + biotechnologie in de landbouw + + + ambacht + kredietbijstand + landbouwgebouw + + @@ -9303,11 +23249,13 @@ criminaliteit + strafrecht + @@ -9316,19 +23264,27 @@ kritisch niveau + + + kritische belasting + + + krokodillen + gewasbescherming + @@ -9337,38 +23293,55 @@ vruchtwisseling + afval van gewassen + + oversteekplaats + + + dierenoversteekplaats + + + + ruwe aardolie + + recreatievaart + + + kreeftachtigen + bedektbloemige planten + @@ -9379,19 +23352,25 @@ het kristalliseren + + kristallografie + cultuurplant + + teelt + @@ -9408,20 +23387,27 @@ teeltmethode + culturele ontwikkeling + landbouw en milieu + + culturele voorziening + + + @@ -9443,6 +23429,7 @@ cultureel erfgoed + @@ -9456,14 +23443,17 @@ cultuurindicator + cultuurbeleid + beschaving + @@ -9473,18 +23463,25 @@ leerplan + gewoonte en gebruik + + douane + + landbouweconomie + + @@ -9492,53 +23489,75 @@ kappen [bosbouw] + cyanaat + cyanide + landbouwafval + + + wervelstorm + + cytologie + cytotoxiciteit + landbouwtechniek + + melkveehouderij + + + zuivelindustrie + + zuivelproduct + + dam + + + @@ -9546,71 +23565,97 @@ schade + + + schade ten gevolg van militaire oefeningen + + voorkoming van schade + uitvoer van gevaarlijke chemicaliën + + + + + gevaarlijke goederen + + landbouwuitrusting + wet inzake gevaarlijke goederen + + verordening inzake gevaarlijke goederen + + gegevensverwerving + + gegevensanalyse + + gegevensbank + gegevensdrager + uitwisseling van gegevens + gegevensverwerking + @@ -9618,68 +23663,99 @@ gegevensbescherming + + + wijze waarop gegevens worden vastgelegd + landbouwexploitatie + het dateren + verrottingsproduct + + + DDT + + + toelaatbaar risico + + + schuld + rentebetaling + + klaring + + decentralisatie + loofbos + + loofboom + + + beslissing + + besluitvormingsproces + + + @@ -9688,10 +23764,15 @@ afbraak + ontsmetting + + + + @@ -9700,46 +23781,62 @@ landbouwgrond + beschikking + diepzee + diepzee-afzetting + + diepzeestorting + + + (diep)zeevisserij + hert + + afweermiddel + bladverlies + + ontbossing + + @@ -9747,6 +23844,7 @@ afbreekbaarheid + @@ -9755,11 +23853,15 @@ landbouwlandschap + + afbraak + + @@ -9768,6 +23870,7 @@ verval van natuurlijke rijkdommen + @@ -9775,11 +23878,15 @@ afbraakproduct + + ontvetten + + @@ -9787,39 +23894,53 @@ inktverwijdering + + + misdadig gedrag + + delta + + vraag + + democratie + demografische ontwikkeling + demografische evolutie + landbouwwetgeving + + @@ -9828,42 +23949,63 @@ demografie + + sloperij + + + sloopafval + + aantoonbaarheid + + dendrochronologie + landbouwmachine + dendrometrie + denitrificatie + + + + + + denitrificatie van afvalgas + + + @@ -9871,6 +24013,7 @@ landbouwbeheer + @@ -9878,10 +24021,16 @@ neergeslagen deeltje + afzetting + + + + + @@ -9889,28 +24038,39 @@ deregulering + dermapterans + ontzilting + + + ontziltingsinstallatie + + + + overeenkomst (administratieve) + landbouwmethode + @@ -9936,10 +24096,14 @@ woestijn + + woestijnvorming + + @@ -9947,35 +24111,48 @@ beheersing van de woestijnvorming + + woestijnsprinkhaan + ontwerp + + kantoorstudie + desorptie + + + landbouwongedierte + + ontzwaveling + + @@ -9984,6 +24161,11 @@ het ontzwaveling van brandstof + + + + + @@ -9995,14 +24177,18 @@ opsporing + + verklikker + landbouwplanning + @@ -10010,89 +24196,121 @@ wasmiddel + + bepalingsmethode + + afschrikmiddel + ontgifting + ontwikkelde landen + + landbouwbeleid + + schuld van de ontwikkelingslanden + ontwikkelingslanden + + ontwikkelingshulp + ontwikkelingsgebied + + ontwikkelingssamenwerking + ontwikkelingsmodel + ontwikkelingspatroon + landbouwvervuiling + + ontwikkelingsplanning + + ontwikkelingsplan + dialyse + + + + diatomeeën + woordenboek + + didactiek + @@ -10102,11 +24320,17 @@ dieselmotor + + + + dieselolie + + @@ -10116,27 +24340,41 @@ differentiatie + diffuse bron + + diffusie + + + + uitgegist slib + + + autoclaaf + + + landbouwproductie + @@ -10151,22 +24389,31 @@ verwerking [afval] + + digitaal terreinmodel + + digitaliseren + toegangsweg + + landbouwproduct + + @@ -10174,10 +24421,13 @@ verdund zuur + + dioxine + @@ -10185,10 +24435,14 @@ agens met directe inducerende werking + + + richtlijn + @@ -10202,10 +24456,13 @@ lichamelijk gehandicapte + + rampen + @@ -10216,42 +24473,55 @@ opruimingsoperatie bij rampen + rampenplan + rampen(bestrijdings)dienst + rampenparaatheid + rampenpreventie + hulp(verlening) bij rampen + + lozingswetgeving + + + lozingsregime + + ziekten + @@ -10263,6 +24533,7 @@ ziekteoorzaak + @@ -10279,95 +24550,144 @@ ontsmettingsmiddel + + ontsmetting + + + + landbouwopslag + + verzendbericht + dispersie [chem. en fys.] + + dispersieberekening + + ontheemde + lijkbezorging + + het opruimen van oorlogsmaterieel + + + + + oplossing + + + opgeloste organische koolstof + + distillatie + + + + distilleerderijen + concurrentievervalsing + verspreiding + + stadsverwarming + + stadsverwarmingsinstallatie + + + + verlaten militair terrein + + + sloot + + + DNA + + document + @@ -10376,6 +24696,7 @@ documentatie + @@ -10386,11 +24707,15 @@ documentatie centrum + + + soort document + @@ -10413,16 +24738,24 @@ hond + + landbouwafval + + huishoudelijk apparaat + + + + @@ -10430,26 +24763,35 @@ huisdier + + huisbrandstof + + huisbrandolie + + huishoudelijk lawaai + + toegankelijkheid van de cultuur + @@ -10457,10 +24799,14 @@ binnenlandse handel + + huishoudelijk afval + + @@ -10468,21 +24814,31 @@ huisvuilstortplaats + + + + huishoudelijk afvalwater + + + dosering + dosis + + @@ -10491,18 +24847,25 @@ dosis-effectrelatie + + + ontwerpwetgeving + libellen + afwatering + + @@ -10510,6 +24873,7 @@ landbouw + @@ -10530,23 +24894,35 @@ afwatering + trekdier + + baggermateriaal + baggeren + + + + landbouw en veehouderij + + + + @@ -10554,23 +24930,33 @@ oliebezinksel + drijfnetvisserij + boren + + + boorinstallatie + + + drinkwater + + @@ -10578,37 +24964,57 @@ drinkwaterbeschermingsgebied + + + + + drinkwatervoorziening + + + het behandelen van drinkwater + + + droogte + + landbouwkundig kaderplan + + droogtebeheer + + misbruik van geneesmiddelen + geneesmiddel + + @@ -10617,28 +25023,40 @@ chemisch reinigen + + + + droge depositie + + + dry farming + drogen + verdroging + + tweeledige economie + @@ -10649,12 +25067,17 @@ gescheiden afvalverwerking + + + + storten + @@ -10666,6 +25089,9 @@ agrochemisch + + + @@ -10673,74 +25099,111 @@ opberging te land + + + + duin + + aantal uren zonneschijn + + stof + + stofuitstoot + + + stofverwijdering + registratieplicht + + + woning + + + kleurstof + combinatie land- en bosbouw + + dijk + + + dijkverzwaring + + + vroegtijdig waarschuwingssysteem + toegang tot de zee + agro-industrie + + + + aardkorst + + @@ -10749,10 +25212,12 @@ aardbeving + aardwetenschappen + @@ -10764,6 +25229,7 @@ relaties tussen de Aarde en de Zon + @@ -10771,44 +25237,56 @@ regenwormen + oorwurmen + meteorologie voor de landbouw + + Oost-Afrika + Oost-Azië + Oost-Europa + Oost-West verhoudingen + Oost-West handel + + EG Raad van Ministers + EG-richtlijn + @@ -10821,21 +25299,32 @@ + EG-richtlijn betreffende biociden + + + EG-richtlijn betreffende verpakkingen + + + EG-richtlijn betreffende afvalverwerking + + EG-richtlijn betreffende de bescherming van water + + @@ -10843,32 +25332,42 @@ EG-milieukeur(merk) + + + stekelhuidigen + AIDS + ecologische ontwikkeling + + het toekennen van een milieukeur(merk) + ecologische abondantie + ecologische aanpassing + @@ -10878,6 +25377,9 @@ ecologische beoordeling + + + @@ -10887,21 +25389,25 @@ ecologisch evenwicht + ecologische boekhouding + lucht + ecologische factor + @@ -10913,10 +25419,15 @@ ecologische niche + + ecologische parameter + + + @@ -10946,10 +25457,13 @@ ecologisch gevoelig gebied + ecologische inventarisatie + + @@ -10957,10 +25471,13 @@ milieubeweging + milieu + + @@ -10970,20 +25487,26 @@ trofische ecologie + economische activiteit + economisch-ecologische efficiëntie + + economische analyse + + @@ -10998,10 +25521,12 @@ economische ontwikkeling + economische groei + @@ -11010,6 +25535,8 @@ economische instrumenten + + @@ -11017,15 +25544,22 @@ economisch managementsinstrumenten + + + economische planning + + economisch beleid + + @@ -11035,6 +25569,8 @@ ongevallen + + @@ -11046,10 +25582,14 @@ luchtverversing + + economie + + @@ -11062,11 +25602,14 @@ economische toestand + + economisch systeem + @@ -11074,11 +25617,14 @@ economische theorie + + economische trend + @@ -11086,14 +25632,19 @@ economische levensvatbaarheid + industriezone + + + economie + @@ -11131,14 +25682,20 @@ eco-pediatrie + + eco-fysiologie + + ecosysteem + + @@ -11153,6 +25710,8 @@ ecosysteem-analyse + + @@ -11160,6 +25719,9 @@ achteruitgang van het ecosysteem + + + @@ -11170,12 +25732,15 @@ onderzoek aan het ecosysteem + soort ecosysteem + + @@ -11186,33 +25751,48 @@ ecotoerisme + milieugiftige eigenschappen + + + ecotoxicologische evaluatie + + + + vliegtuig + + + ecotoxicologie + ecotype + + EG-beleid + @@ -11222,6 +25802,7 @@ EG-verordening + @@ -11231,23 +25812,34 @@ EG-verordening betreffende milieubeheer en + + + EG-verordening inzake bestaande chemicaliën + + bodemkunde + + + eetbare vetten + + onderwijs + @@ -11257,31 +25849,41 @@ emissie door vliegtuigmotoren + + + onderwijsinstelling + onderwijsplanning + onderwijsbeleid + onderwijssysteem + geluid van vliegtuigen + + effecten + @@ -11300,6 +25902,7 @@ het effect op de gezondheid + @@ -11312,11 +25915,13 @@ het effect op de mens + het effect op het milieu + @@ -11327,18 +25932,24 @@ onderzoek naar de effecten + efficiëntiecriterium + efficiëntieniveau + + effluent + + @@ -11346,41 +25957,56 @@ ei + MER-richtlijn + MER-wet + MER (lokaal) + + elasticiteit + bejaarde + + elektrotechniek + + + elektrotechnische industrie + + + elektrische batterij + @@ -11388,32 +26014,43 @@ elektriciteit + elektriciteitsbedrijf + + elektriciteitsverbruik + elektriciteitsopwekking + de kosten van het opwekken van elektriciteit + + elektriciteitsbeheer + elektrische leiding + + + @@ -11421,11 +26058,15 @@ elektrische stroom + elektriciteitscentrale + + + @@ -11440,51 +26081,76 @@ elektriciteitsvoorziening + + elektrovoertuig + elektrokinetica + + + elektrolyse + + + + luchtbeweging + + + elektronisch materiaal + + elektronica + elektronisch afval + + + verordening met betrekking tot elektronisch afval + + elektrosmog + + + luchtverontreiniger + @@ -11503,6 +26169,8 @@ elektrotechnische apparatuur + + @@ -11510,21 +26178,27 @@ elektrotechnische industrie + + + elementen uit groep 0 + elementen uit groep I (alkalimetalen) + elementen uit groep II (aardalkalimetalen) + @@ -11533,6 +26207,7 @@ elementen uit groep III + @@ -11541,6 +26216,7 @@ elementen uit groep IV + @@ -11549,6 +26225,7 @@ elementen uit groep V + @@ -11556,6 +26233,7 @@ elementen uit groep VI + @@ -11563,6 +26241,7 @@ elementen uit groep VII + @@ -11571,6 +26250,7 @@ chemische elementen (en hun verbindingen) + @@ -11583,6 +26263,8 @@ luchtverontreiniging + + @@ -11592,16 +26274,19 @@ emancipatie + embryo + embryogenese + @@ -11610,30 +26295,37 @@ noodwet + noodplan + noodhulp + noodhulpmaatregel + noodonderkomen + + emissies + @@ -11673,6 +26365,12 @@ emissiebeheer + + + + + + @@ -11688,6 +26386,10 @@ emissiegegevens + + + + @@ -11695,6 +26397,7 @@ emissiefactor + @@ -11703,6 +26406,11 @@ emissievoorspelling + + + + + @@ -11712,11 +26420,19 @@ vliegveld + + emissiereductie + + + + + + @@ -11730,10 +26446,16 @@ verhandeling van emissiereducties + + + emissieregister + + + @@ -11742,14 +26464,21 @@ emissietoestand + emissiebron + + + emissienorm + + + @@ -11759,11 +26488,15 @@ afscheiding in water + + werkgelegenheid + + @@ -11775,36 +26508,52 @@ werkgelegenheid en milieu + + werkgelegenheidseffect + + emulgatie + + emulsie + + inkapseling + + encyclopedie + + bedreigde diersoorten + + luchtkwaliteit + + @@ -11814,33 +26563,48 @@ bedreigde plantensoorten + + bedreigde soorten + + het in gevaar brengen van het grondwater + + + endocrien systeem + + hormonenleer + + end-of-pipe technologie + + energie + + @@ -11852,61 +26616,85 @@ energiebalans + energiebehoud + + energieverbruik + energieomzetting + + energiebehoefte + + + + luchtkwaliteitscontrole + + energieverspilling + systeem voor de verdeling van energie + + + + spaarzaam energieverbruik + + energierendement + + energiewetgeving + + energiebeheer + @@ -11916,21 +26704,29 @@ energiemarkt + + energiebeleid + + energieprocessen + + energie-opwekking + + @@ -11947,16 +26743,21 @@ energie-herwinning + energiebronnen + + luchtkwaliteitsbeheer + + @@ -11964,10 +26765,13 @@ energiebesparing + energiebron + + @@ -11979,11 +26783,15 @@ energiebronmateriaal + + energie-opslag + + @@ -11991,6 +26799,8 @@ energievoorziening + + @@ -11998,12 +26808,15 @@ energietechnologie + + soort energie + @@ -12013,6 +26826,7 @@ energiegebruik + @@ -12030,15 +26844,21 @@ energiegebruikspatroon + + handhaving + motor + + + @@ -12046,60 +26866,85 @@ uitbreidingsbeleid + uitbreidingsprogramma + + verrijkt uranium + + + verrijken + + + toereikende voedselvoorziening + milieuongeluk + + milieuboekhouding + + milieubeschermingsadvies + luchtveiligheid + milieuangst + + milieuvriendelijke architectuur + milieuaspecten van menselijke nederzettingen + + + milieuevaluatie + + + @@ -12122,6 +26967,9 @@ milieuevaluatiecriterium + + + @@ -12134,12 +26982,16 @@ milieudoorlichting + + milieubesef + + @@ -12152,10 +27004,14 @@ milieu-evenwicht + + milieuverandering + + @@ -12170,27 +27026,41 @@ wetgeving inzake chemische stoffen die een invloed hebben op het milieu + + + milieuchemie + + milieuverenigbaarheid + + milieugevolgen + + luchtruimtelijke planning + + + milieubehoud + + @@ -12208,10 +27078,13 @@ milieurampen(bestrijdings)plan + + milieubeheer + @@ -12221,6 +27094,8 @@ milieukosten + + @@ -12229,14 +27104,19 @@ milieumisdrijf + milieustrafrecht + milieucriterium + + + @@ -12248,15 +27128,23 @@ het per ongeluk vrijkomen van organismen + + + + ecologische cultuur + + + milieuschade + @@ -12268,6 +27156,9 @@ milieugegevens + + + @@ -12283,18 +27174,22 @@ milieu-ontwikkeling + luchttemperatuur + + milieueconomische vraagstukken + @@ -12316,25 +27211,34 @@ milieueconomie + milieuonderwijs + + milieuonderneming + + milieuethiek + + luchtverkeer + + @@ -12345,37 +27249,50 @@ milieufonds + gevaar voor het milieu + + + milieuhygiëne + gevaar voor de milieuhygiëne + onderzoek effect op miliehygiëne + bescherming van de milieuhygiëne + milieuachtergrond + + + invloed op het milieu + + @@ -12393,6 +27310,9 @@ inschatting van de invloed op het milieu + + + @@ -12401,65 +27321,92 @@ invloed van landbouw op het milieu + + invloed van aquacultuur op het milieu + + + invloed van energie op het milieu + + invloed van visserij op het milieu + + + invloed van bosbouw op het milieu + + invloed van huishoudens op het milieu + invloed van industrie op het milieu + + invloed van recreatie op het milieu + invloed van toerisme op het milieu + invloed van vervoer op het milieu + + + milieueffectbepaling + + + milieueffectenrapportage + + + milieustimuleringsmaatregel + @@ -12467,15 +27414,21 @@ milieu-indicator + + milieu-index + + milieu-industrie + + @@ -12483,14 +27436,20 @@ luchtverkeerswetgeving + + + milieu-informatica + milieu-informatie + + @@ -12498,36 +27457,50 @@ milieu-informatienetwerk + + milieu-informatiesysteem + + milieu-investering + milieutheorie + + milieurecht + luchtverkeersregelgeving + + + handhaving van het milieurecht + + milieuwetgeving + @@ -12543,53 +27516,79 @@ milieuwetgeving met betrekking tot de landbouw + + + milieuwetgevingsprocedure + + milieuaansprakelijkheid + milieuvergunning + + gevaarlijke stoffen voor het milieu + + + milieuvriendelijke aankopen + + + + milieuvriendelijk product + + milieuvriendelijk beheer + + aandoening die met het milieu te maken heeft + milieubewust gedrag + milieuonvriendelijk bedrijf + + + milieubeheer + + @@ -12616,19 +27615,26 @@ milieugeneeskunde + wangedrag ten opzichte van het milieu + milieubewaking + + + + omgevingsgeluid + @@ -12643,15 +27649,19 @@ milieubeeld + + milieuprestatie + milieuplanning + @@ -12665,14 +27675,19 @@ luchtvervoer + + + milieuplan + milieubeleid (overheid) + @@ -12689,6 +27704,8 @@ milieubeleidsinstrument + + @@ -12696,6 +27713,7 @@ milieuvervuiling + @@ -12705,10 +27723,13 @@ prioriteit op milieugebied + + milieuprogramma + @@ -12716,12 +27737,17 @@ lucht-water wisselwerking + + + + milieubescherming + @@ -12733,42 +27759,59 @@ milieubeschermingsagentschap + milieubeschermingsvereniging + + milieubeschermingskosten + milieubescherming binnen het bedrijf + + milieubeschermingsbevel + milieubeschermingsinstantie + milieubeschermingsverordening + milieubeschermingstechnologie + + milieupsychologie + + milieukwaliteit + + + + @@ -12776,10 +27819,15 @@ milieukwaliteitscriterium + + + + milieukwaliteitsdoelstelling + @@ -12788,10 +27836,13 @@ milieukwaliteitsnorm + + milieurapport + @@ -12799,12 +27850,15 @@ milieuonderzoek + milieurisicobeoordeling + + @@ -12812,55 +27866,76 @@ milieurisico + milieukunde + milieuveiligheid + milieumonsterdepot + + + milieuverklaring (eco-controle) + + + milieustatistieken + + + milieubeurs + milieusubsidie + + milieudoelstelling + alarm + milieuonderwijs + + milieutechnologie + + @@ -12877,31 +27952,42 @@ milieuterminologie + milieutraining + + milieu-economische waardering + milieuvandalisme + milieuoorlogsvoering + + + milieuvriendelijk + + milieu + @@ -12912,26 +27998,33 @@ enzym + + epidemieën + epidemiologie + + paardachtigen + uitrusting + @@ -12962,14 +28055,21 @@ equivalente dosis + ergonomie + + + erosie + + + @@ -12978,109 +28078,146 @@ erosiebeheersing + + + + biologie in riviermonding + + beschermd estuarium + + ecosysteem riviermonding + + oceanografie riviermonding + estuarium + + etsen + + etsende stoffen + + ether + alcohol + ethiek + + volkenkunde + + + ethologie + EG-Raad + Euratom + Europa + Europese Commissie + Europees Hof van Justitie + Europees Milieuagentschap + Europese Milieuraad + oorzaak van een ongeluk + EuroPees natuurreservaat + + Europees Parlement + Europese Unie + @@ -13102,18 +28239,24 @@ eutrofiëring + + + wieren + evaluatie + + @@ -13127,77 +28270,109 @@ evaluatiecriterium + evaluatiemethode + evaluatie van technologie + + + verdamping + + + verdamping(stranspiratie) + evolutie + exacte wetenschap(pen) + afgraving + + afgraven + + + algengroei + + + afgegraven grond + afgravingplaats + + + overmatige hoogte van schoorstenen + + + + uitvoeringsbevel + uitlaat + + + uitlaatgas + @@ -13207,16 +28382,21 @@ bestaande chemicalieën + + + uitheemse soorten + besteding + @@ -13224,10 +28404,13 @@ algendodende stof + + experiment + @@ -13237,67 +28420,99 @@ expertensysteem + + verkenning + + ontploffing + springstof + + uitvoer + + uitvoervergunning + + + uitvoer van gevaarlijke afvalstoffen + + + + + + blootstelling + onteigening + + extensieve veehouderij + + uiterlijke kenmerken + + alicyclische samenstelling + het uitsterven + uitgestorven soorten (IUCN) + + winning + + + @@ -13309,38 +28524,54 @@ cycloalifatische koolwaterstof + extractieve bedrijfstakken + + geweven stof + markt van productiefactoren + intensieve veehouderij + + faecesbacterieën + + + + alifatische verbinding + radioactieve neerslag + + + + @@ -13349,33 +28580,45 @@ braakliggend gebied + + braakliggend terrein + + familie + gezinsplanning + alifatische koolwaterstof + hongersnood + + + landbouw(huis)dier + + @@ -13384,25 +28627,32 @@ boerderij + + alkalische bodem + landbouwbedrijf + + snelverkeer + fauna + @@ -13410,33 +28660,44 @@ federale overheid + federale regering + federaal recht (D) + honorarium + het voeren van dieren + ven + + gisting + + + + @@ -13444,10 +28705,14 @@ varens + meststof + + + @@ -13460,54 +28725,77 @@ meststoffenwet + + + vezel + glasvezel + + akker + + schade aan akkers + + + veldproef + veldonderzoek + vulmiddel + tankstation + + + + + film + + filter + + @@ -13516,16 +28804,22 @@ filterkoek + + alkalische bodem + filtratie + + + @@ -13536,10 +28830,14 @@ eindopslag + + + financiën + @@ -13557,34 +28855,41 @@ financiële ondersteuning + financiële vergoeding + financiële bijdrage + financieel instrumenten + financiële wet + financiële markt + financiering + @@ -13594,51 +28899,65 @@ boete + fijne stof + brand + voorzorgsmaatregel tegen brand + brandwerend middel + alkeen + brandbescherming + brandveiligheidsvoorschrift + brandweer + + + het vuren + + + @@ -13646,6 +28965,8 @@ ondernemingen + + @@ -13660,11 +28981,15 @@ visziekte + + + visserij + @@ -13683,6 +29008,7 @@ visserijbeheer + @@ -13690,32 +29016,44 @@ visbestanden + + + visserijeconomie + + visserijbeleid + + vis + + viskwekerij + het vissen + + @@ -13725,91 +29063,137 @@ alkyl-verbinding + visserijsector + + + + visserijwet + + visreservaat + + + + + vissersboot + + vissterfte + + + vis(be)stand + + toxiciteit van vissen + + + + hulpstukken + vaste belastingsschaal + goedkope vlag + affakkelen + + + + + snelle proef + smaakstof + vlooien + allergeen + + soepele benadering van milieubescherming + + vlokmiddel + + vlokvorming + + + + overstroming + + @@ -13820,6 +29204,8 @@ overstromingsbeheersing + + @@ -13827,6 +29213,7 @@ overstroming + @@ -13836,27 +29223,37 @@ flora (gezamenlijke vegetatie) + floraherstel + + + flotatie + + + stroom + bloem + zaadplanten + @@ -13871,82 +29268,118 @@ doorstromingsveld + + + stromend water + rookgas + allergie + fluïdica + het vloeibaar maken + + + wervelbed + + + fluoridering + + + fluor + rivier hulpbronnen + + + vervoer over rivieren + + + vliegas + + + schuimmiddel + + voeder + + + mist + mist + bestemming + gebladerte + voedsel + @@ -13959,39 +29392,60 @@ voedseladditief + + voedselketen + bestemmingsplan + + + voedselkleurstof + + voedselhandel + + + + voedselbesmetting + + + + voedselhygiëne + + voedingsmiddelenindustrie + + + @@ -14002,15 +29456,22 @@ voedselbestraling + + verontreinigende stof in voedsel + + + + voedselbewaring + @@ -14018,22 +29479,30 @@ voedingsmiddelenindustrie + + + voedselproductie (landbouw) + + voedselkwaliteit + + voedselbehoefte + @@ -14041,15 +29510,21 @@ voedselwetenschap + + voedselopslag + + voedsel + + @@ -14072,29 +29547,45 @@ voedseltechnologie + + voedselvervoer + voetpad + + + verontreiniging van (ruw)voer + + + + voederwet + + + + legering + + @@ -14102,6 +29593,7 @@ voorspelling + @@ -14113,19 +29605,25 @@ executie (hypotheek) + buitenlandse economische betrekkingen + + buitenlands beleid + buitenlandse handel + + @@ -14133,6 +29631,8 @@ bos + + @@ -14152,44 +29652,65 @@ alluvium + bosbescherming + + ontbossing + + + + schade aan het bos + + bosecosysteem + + + bosbrand + + + alfastraling + bosbouw + + + bosbeheer + + @@ -14197,19 +29718,27 @@ voor het bos schadelijke dieren of planten + + + bosbeleid + + bosproductie + bosproduct + + @@ -14219,6 +29748,10 @@ bosreservaat + + + + @@ -14227,16 +29760,22 @@ bosbestandsonderzoek + + bosbestand + + + bosbouw + @@ -14256,15 +29795,21 @@ bosbouweconomie + + bosbouwwet + + bosbouwwetgeving + + @@ -14272,12 +29817,14 @@ bosbouwkundige praktijk + regeringsvorm + @@ -14286,10 +29833,14 @@ fossiel + fossiele brandstof + + + @@ -14300,26 +29851,38 @@ aangroei + + + viertaktmotor + + + + kaderwetgeving + toegankelijkheid van de informatie + + vrachtvervoer + + @@ -14329,10 +29892,14 @@ freon + + + zoetwater + @@ -14346,10 +29913,13 @@ zoetwaterbiologie + + zoetwaterdegradatie + @@ -14357,24 +29927,33 @@ zoetwaterecosysteem + + alternatief materiaal + zoetwatermeting + + zoetwaterorganisme + + zoetwatervervuiling + + @@ -14382,25 +29961,34 @@ zoetwatervoorraden + + kikkers + vorst + + fruit + + + fruitteelt + @@ -14408,11 +29996,15 @@ vruchtenboom + + brandstof + + @@ -14438,101 +30030,141 @@ brandstofadditief + + + alcoholbrandstof + + + brandstofsamenstelling + + + alternatieve technologie + + brandstofverbruik + + stookolie + + brandstoftank + + + hout als brandstof + + + damp + aluminiumtrioxide + ontsmetting + + werkend bestanddeel + + bodemfunctie + myceten + paddestoel + aluminium + schimmeldodend middel + + + bont + + pelsdier + + furan + oven + @@ -14540,44 +30172,61 @@ meubels + uit aluminium bestaande container of houder + meubelindustrie + + bonthandel + + hoenderachtigen + aluminiumgehalte + + galvanisatie + + wild + + gammastraling + tuin + + + @@ -14587,37 +30236,53 @@ aluminiumnijverheid + tuinafval + garrigue + gas + + + gaschromatografie + + gasbedrijf + + + gasmotor + + + + gasvormige luchtverontreiniger + @@ -14627,12 +30292,17 @@ gasvorm + + behandeling van gassen + + + @@ -14641,20 +30311,31 @@ vergassing + + + vloeibaar maken van gas + + gasmengsel + + gasnetwerk + + + + @@ -14662,36 +30343,59 @@ alcoholbenzine + + benzinemotor + + + + gaspijpleiding + + + + gascentrale + + + gaszuivering + + + hercirculatie van gas + + + gasreservoir + + gasvoorziening + + @@ -14701,40 +30405,56 @@ weefselophoping + + alveole [longblaasje] + + buikvoetigen + gasfabriek + + + man-vrouw vraagstukken + genenbank + + algemene administratieve opdracht + algemene scheikunde + + gen + + @@ -14742,6 +30462,7 @@ genetische diversiteit + @@ -14749,12 +30470,15 @@ genetisch effect + genetische manipulatie + + @@ -14770,11 +30494,14 @@ wetgeving over genetische manipulatie + + genetische informatie + @@ -14784,24 +30511,31 @@ amalgaam + + + genetische wijziging + genetische hulpbronnen + + genetica + @@ -14809,20 +30543,26 @@ genetische variatie + geodesie + + geogene factor + geografisch informatiesysteem + + @@ -14830,6 +30570,8 @@ geografie + + @@ -14843,11 +30585,15 @@ geologische ramp + + geologische processen + + @@ -14856,6 +30602,9 @@ geologie + + + @@ -14866,6 +30615,8 @@ geomorfologische processen + + @@ -14874,36 +30625,47 @@ geomorfologie + + + geofysica + geotechnologie + geothermische energie + ziektekiem + + kieming + kiemplasma + Noord- en Zuid-Amerika + @@ -14912,6 +30674,8 @@ gletsjer + + @@ -14922,37 +30686,50 @@ glaciologie + + glas + + glasindustrie + + wereldwijd aspect + + wereldconventie + Wereldmilieufonds + wereldwijd model + + wereldwijde opwarming + @@ -14962,41 +30739,54 @@ verklarende woordenlijst + lijm + doelstellingen van individuele economische ondernemingen + + Ames-test + + golf + behoorlijk bestuur + overheidsadviesorgaan + overheidsgebouw + + + regering (kabinet) + @@ -15005,89 +30795,129 @@ milieu-uitgaven van de overheid + overheidsaansprakelijkheid + overheidsbeleid + amine + graan + + + grassen + aminozuur + grasbrand + + sprinkhanen + grasland + + + ecosysteem van grasland + + grind + + grindwinning + + + grindgroeve + + + begrazing + + + ammoniak + + + + groengordel + + + ecologisch bouwen + groene (door)gang + + milieuheffing + + @@ -15103,10 +30933,13 @@ glastuinbouw + broeikaseffect + + @@ -15114,6 +30947,9 @@ broeikasgas + + + @@ -15126,14 +30962,25 @@ groenbemester + + + + groene revolutie + + + groenvoorziening + + + + @@ -15143,38 +30990,58 @@ groene groente + + (ver)malen + + + bruto nationaal product + ammonificatie + + + grondwater + + grondwaterwinning + + + grondwaterverontreiniging + + grondwaterbescherming + + + groepsgedrag + @@ -15185,30 +31052,42 @@ ammonium + accu + + baai + + + naaktzadigen + gips + + + habitat + + @@ -15216,29 +31095,38 @@ leer van het bloed + + hagel + halveringstijd + + + haloform + halogeenbifenyl + halogeenkoolwaterstof + @@ -15248,11 +31136,14 @@ halogeenfenol + halogeenbevattende verontreinigende stof + + @@ -15260,47 +31151,63 @@ halogeenterphenyl + ambachtelijke nijverheid + + + handenarbeid + haven + + + hardheid + + moeilijk verwerkbaar afval + afvalwatervervuiling + + harmonisatie van wetten + oogst + gevaren + @@ -15313,12 +31220,17 @@ gevaar van vervuilende stoffen + + + gevaarlijke stof + + @@ -15326,15 +31238,22 @@ gevaarlijkestoffenwetgeving + + stortplaats voor gevaarlijk afval + + gevaarlijk afval + + + @@ -15343,18 +31262,24 @@ gevaarlijk bouwmateriaal + + nevel + wendakker + + gezondheid + @@ -15365,6 +31290,7 @@ gezondheidszorg + @@ -15379,6 +31305,7 @@ verbanden tussen de gezondheid en de (natuurlijke en/of woon-)omgeving + @@ -15391,6 +31318,7 @@ amfibieën + @@ -15398,12 +31326,16 @@ (gezondheids)zorginstelling + + + gevaar voor de gezondheid + @@ -15420,6 +31352,8 @@ gezondheidswetgeving + + @@ -15427,6 +31361,7 @@ gezondheidsbescherming + @@ -15436,65 +31371,97 @@ gezondheidsvoorschrift + + pretpark + + + + biotechnologie met betrekking tot de gezondheid + + + gezondheidsdienst + + gehoorschade + + hoorzitting + gehoorbescherming + + + gehoor (zintuig) + + warmte (fysica) + + warmtekrachtcentrale + + + + + verwarmingstoestel + + heide + + verwarming + + @@ -15503,6 +31470,9 @@ verwarmingsinstallatie + + + @@ -15510,16 +31480,22 @@ warmtepomp + + opslag van warmte + + warmtevoorziening + + @@ -15528,20 +31504,32 @@ anaërobe voorwaarden + + + vervoer van zware goederen + + + gehalte aan zware metalen + + + + + zware metalen + @@ -15555,80 +31543,111 @@ haag + + herbicide + + + planteneter + heterocyclische verbinding + anaërobe proces + + + hoger onderwijs + ecosysteem van hooglanden + + hoge berg + + proteïnerijk voedsel + hoogbouw + + hogesnelheids(spoor)lijn + + hogesnelheidstrein + hoogwater + + hoogspanningsleiding + + + snelweg + + heuvel + + analyse + @@ -15653,74 +31672,108 @@ geschiedkundige evolutie + geschiedkundig monument + + geschiedkundig onderzoek + geschiedkundige plaats + + analyseprogramma + geschiedenis + + vakantiekamp + + + vakantie + + analytische scheikunde + + paard + + tuinbouw + ziekenhuis + + + + ziekenhuisafval + + hotelsector + + + + warm water + + analytische apparatuur + + huishouden + @@ -15729,19 +31782,27 @@ huishoudchemicaliën + + huishoudelijke artikelen + + analysemethode + + huisvesting + + @@ -15757,40 +31818,53 @@ woningdichtheid + + huisvestingsfinanciering + woningverbetering + + woningwetgeving + woningnood + huisvestingsprogramma + + kwaliteitsnorm voor woningen + Anatidae + herstelling van een installatie + + @@ -15800,10 +31874,12 @@ menselijke biologie + menselijke ziekte + @@ -15832,15 +31908,21 @@ ecologie (als onderdeel van de sociologie) + + + menselijke blootstelling aan vervuilende stoffen + + menselijke gezondheid + @@ -15849,6 +31931,7 @@ door de mens veroorzaakte ramp + @@ -15858,14 +31941,19 @@ menselijke ziektenleer + + menselijke verrichtingsleer + + bevolking + @@ -15877,6 +31965,8 @@ anatomie + + @@ -15894,6 +31984,8 @@ mensenrechten + + @@ -15901,6 +31993,9 @@ nederzetting + + + @@ -15917,16 +32012,21 @@ beheer van (menselijke) vestigingen + humus + + jacht + + @@ -15934,21 +32034,30 @@ jachtgebied + + + orkaan + + kruising + waterbouwkundig bouwwerk + + + @@ -15959,6 +32068,8 @@ waterbouw + + @@ -15968,61 +32079,85 @@ hydraulica + + hydrobiologie + + + koolwaterstof + zoutzuur + hydrocultuur + waterkrachtcentrale + + + + waterstof + zwavelwaterstof + + hydrogeologie + hydrografie + + bedektzadigen + hydrologische ramp + + + waterbalans + + @@ -16031,6 +32166,8 @@ waterkringloop + + @@ -16046,27 +32183,37 @@ hydrologie + + hydrolyse + hengelsport + + hydrometeorologie + + waterkracht + + hydrosfeer + @@ -16077,58 +32224,79 @@ hygiëne + vliesvleugeligen + ijs + + + ijsberg + + + pakijs + + + bepaling van vervuilende stoffen + + ideologie + beeldverwerking + IMCO-code + + + faunavervalsing + floravervalsing + immissies + @@ -16138,40 +32306,66 @@ immissiebeheersing + + + + + immissiebeheersingswet + + + + + immissieschade + + + + dierengedrag + voorspelde immissie + + + + immissiegrens + + + + immissielast + immuniteitsysteem + + @@ -16179,23 +32373,32 @@ immuniteit + immuniteitsonderzoek + + immunologische ziekte + immunologie + + + het inschatten van het effect van iets + + @@ -16205,20 +32408,27 @@ het minimaliseren van de effecten van iets + + proefhoofd + het voorkomen van de effecten van iets + + impactbronnen + + @@ -16229,20 +32439,27 @@ uitvoeringswet + invoer + + invoervergunning + dierenziekte + + + @@ -16251,31 +32468,44 @@ verarming + impregneermiddel + + doordrenking (materialen) + de verhoging van de efficiëntie + impulslading + + impulsgeluid + verbranding + + + + + @@ -16286,6 +32516,10 @@ afvalverbranding + + + + @@ -16297,39 +32531,55 @@ verbrandingsinstallatie + + helling + + inkomen + + opname + + dierlijke uitwerpselen als brandstof + + + schadevergoeding + Indische Oceaan + indicator + + + @@ -16340,87 +32590,131 @@ zure neerslag + + + dierenecologie + milieubeheerindicator + + + + milieukwaliteitsindicator + inheems bos + + + inheemse technologie + + indirecte inductor + luchtvervuiling binnenshuis + + + + dierenproef + binnenmilieu + + + industriegebied + + + industriebond + + + industrieel bedrijfsgebouw + + industriële gewassen + industriële ontwikkeling + + industriële stortplaats + + industriële economie + + industrieel afvalwater + + dierenvoeder + + + + @@ -16428,6 +32722,8 @@ industrie-uitstoot + + @@ -16438,6 +32734,8 @@ industriële milieuzorg + + @@ -16446,6 +32744,7 @@ industriële uitrusting + @@ -16467,10 +32766,14 @@ industriële rook + + industriële installatie + + @@ -16482,41 +32785,59 @@ industrialisatie + + industriële wetgeving + + + industrieel materiaal + + dierlijke erfelijkheidsleer + + industriële geneeskunde + + + industrieel lawaai + + industriële planning + + fabriek + + @@ -16540,6 +32861,7 @@ industrieel beleid + @@ -16554,11 +32876,14 @@ industriële vervuiling + + industriële processen + @@ -16636,14 +32961,21 @@ industriële productie + + industriële productiestatistieken + + + industrieel product + + @@ -16679,10 +33011,15 @@ industrieel eigendomsrecht + + industriële locatie + + + @@ -16695,35 +33032,56 @@ industrieel slib + + + industriële samenleving + + + industrieel afval + + + industrieel afvoergas + + + industrieel afvalwater + + + industrieel gebied + + + + industrie + + @@ -16772,36 +33130,53 @@ dierenhuisvesting + + + inert makend + + inert afval + kindersterfte + + ontsteking + + + besmettelijke ziekte + besmetting van gewassen + + + veehouderij + + @@ -16815,28 +33190,41 @@ voedselbesmetting + + + indringing + + brandgevaarlijke stof + + + instroom + + informeel overleg + informatica + + @@ -16849,6 +33237,8 @@ informatie + + @@ -16870,21 +33260,25 @@ informatieverwerking + informatiedienst + informatiebron + informatiesysteem + @@ -16897,30 +33291,41 @@ informatietechnologie + + overtreding + infraroodstraling + dierlijke mest + + + + infrageluid + infrastructuur + + @@ -16939,51 +33344,74 @@ bewoner + + letsel + + inkt + binnenvisserij + binnenvaart + + binnenwater + + binnenwatervervoer + + + dierengeluid + + vernieuwing + + anorganische chemie + + anorganische meststof + + + + @@ -16996,15 +33424,21 @@ anorganische vervuiler + + dierenvoeding + + + anorganische stoffen + @@ -17026,16 +33460,21 @@ insecticide + + + insecteneters + insecten + @@ -17051,37 +33490,49 @@ ter plaatse + + inspectie + inspectie van de boeken + + keuringsdienst + + installatie die goedgekeurd vereist + institutionalisering + instrumentenvervaardiging + dierenfysiologie + + @@ -17089,10 +33540,16 @@ isolatiemateriaal + + + verzekering + + + @@ -17101,104 +33558,146 @@ verzekeringsmaatschappij + + + dekking (door een verzekering) + + + integraal natuurreservaat + + geïntegreerde milieubeschermingstechnologie + + geïntegreerde ongediertebestrijding + geïntegreerde vervuilingsbeheersing + + + + intensieve veehouderij + intensieve landbouw + wisselwerking van bestrijdingsmiddelen + + + + uitwisseling van elektronische gegevens + verzuring + interdisciplinair onderzoek + belang + belangengroep + tussentijds besluit + vergelijking tussen laboratoria + + dierlijke productie + + tussenproducten + + + afwisselend geluid + Europese binnenmarkt + + interne aanrekening van milieukosten + internationale overeenkomst + internationale concurrentie + dierlijk product + + @@ -17207,44 +33706,56 @@ internationale conventie + internationale samenwerking + Internationaal Gerechtshof + internationale verdeling + internationale verdeling van werk + + internationale milieuverhoudingen + internationale harmonisatie + dierenbescherming + + + internationaal recht + @@ -17252,10 +33763,14 @@ internationaal belangrijk ecosysteem + + + internationale organisatie + @@ -17267,11 +33782,13 @@ internationale politiek + internationale betrekkingen + @@ -17286,6 +33803,8 @@ internationaal rivierbekken + + @@ -17293,44 +33812,59 @@ internationale veiligheid + + internationale standaardisatie + internationale handel + + internationale waterweg + dierenstand + + interpretatiemethode + gebied tussen de hoog- en de laagwaterlijn + + tussenkomst in natuur en landschap + + inventaris + + @@ -17338,22 +33872,28 @@ inventarisatie van bosschade + + inversie + omkeringslaag + + ongewervelde dieren + @@ -17365,42 +33905,65 @@ investering + slachtdier + + + in vitro proef + + + in vivo proef + + + jodium + ionen(uit)wisseling + + + + ionen(uit)wisselaar + + + + dierenasiel + + + ioniserende straling + @@ -17411,21 +33974,26 @@ ionosfeer + + ionen + ijzer + dieren [algemeen, niet systematisch] + @@ -17440,58 +34008,84 @@ ijzerindustrie + + ijzergieterij(sector) + + bestraling + + + bevloeiing + + bevloeiingskanaal + + + bevloeiingslandbouw + + textielvezels van dierlijke oorsprong + eiland + + eilandecosysteem + + isolatie + + + + isomeer + dierenhandel + + @@ -17499,15 +34093,21 @@ isotoop + ivoor + dierlijk afval + + + + @@ -17519,18 +34119,22 @@ medeschuldenaar + gezamenlijke tenuitvoerlegging (Conferentie van Rio de Janeiro) + rechtsbijstand + rechterlijk orgaan + @@ -17538,63 +34142,82 @@ rechtsregel + anion + rechtsgebied + jurisprudentie + + karst + iets in voorraad houden + + kerosine + + ringwormen + etikettering + + laboratorium + + laboratoriumexperiment + laboratoriumonderzoek + + laboratoriumprocedure + @@ -17609,11 +34232,15 @@ laboratoriumafval + + arbeid + + @@ -17624,15 +34251,22 @@ antagonisme + + + arbeidsrecht + + arbeidsmarkt + + @@ -17640,22 +34274,30 @@ arbeidsverhouding + + lak + lagune + + + meerbekken + + @@ -17663,20 +34305,28 @@ meervervuiling + + meer + + lamp + + land + + @@ -17697,63 +34347,96 @@ antagonistisch effect van giftige stoffen + + toegang tot land + toekenning van land + + + + + eigendomsregister + + hoeveelheid vervuiling dat een land kan verdragen + leegruimen van land + + + Antarctica + landbehoud + + ruilverkaveling + + + landbedekking + + + landinrichting + + + + landecologie + + + + afvalstortplaats + + @@ -17768,27 +34451,44 @@ afdekking van een afvalstortplaats + + ontgassing van een afvalstortplaats + + + + stortgas + + + afvalstortplaatspercolaat + + + + landvorming + + vorm van der aardkorst + + @@ -17806,19 +34506,27 @@ Antarctisch ecosysteem + + landzoogdier + landgebruik + + + landinrichting + + @@ -17830,28 +34538,43 @@ landvervuiling + + + Antarctische Oceaan + terreinsanering + + legger van het kadaster + + + + landherstel + + + + landschap + @@ -17863,69 +34586,107 @@ landschap na mijnbouw + + Antarctisch gebied + landschapsverandering + landschapsarchitectuur + landschapselement + landschapsbehoud + + landschapsbehoudbeleid + + landschapsecologie + + + landschapsbeheer + + landschapsplanning + + landschapsbescherming + + beschermd landschap + + landschapsverbruik + + + + + + + landschapsgebruik + + + + + + landinrichting + + + + @@ -17944,16 +34705,28 @@ aardverschuiving + + + vervoer over land + + grondgebruik + + + + + + + @@ -17962,6 +34735,9 @@ antropische activiteit + + + @@ -17971,143 +34747,207 @@ classificatie op basis van het grondgebruik + + + + + grondgebruiksplanning + + + + grondgebruiksstelsel + + + + grondwaarde + + grote verbrandingsinstallatie + + + laser + zuurtegraad + antropogene factor + wassen en strijken + + + wetten + wetswijziging + anthropologisch reservaat + + wetshandhaving + buurtwet + recht + + uitloging + + + + + lood + loodverbinding + loodverontreiniging + wet op loodgehalte in benzine + + + loodgehalte in het bloed + + + antibiotica + + + + blad + lek + leder + + lederindustrie + + rechtsgrond(slag) + antilichaam + + door de wet beschermd recht + rechtsregel + rechtsmiddel + wettekst + wetgeving + @@ -18120,10 +34960,13 @@ het voorkomen van gevaar + wetgeving inzake vervuiling + + @@ -18132,26 +34975,38 @@ wetgeving inzake water(voorraden) + + + wetgevende macht + + wetgevende bevoegdheid + + informatie over wetgeving + wetgevende macht + + vrijetijdsbesteding + + @@ -18166,34 +35021,45 @@ vrije tijd + + + schubvleugeligen + anti-blokkeringsmiddel + + leukemie + heffing + woordenboek + + aansprakelijkheid + @@ -18204,41 +35070,56 @@ aansprakelijkheid voor zee-ongevallen + + aansprakelijkheid voor nucleaire schade + + aansprakelijkheidswetgeving + bibliotheek + + + + + vergunningen toekennen + procedure bij het verstrekken van vergunningen + vergunningseis + korstmossen + zuurtegraa + @@ -18246,11 +35127,14 @@ levenscyclus + levenswetenschappen + + @@ -18263,78 +35147,114 @@ leefwijze + licht + verlichting + + + scheider voor lichte vloeistoffen + + bruinkool + + + bruinkoolwinning + + + kalk + + + + kalksteen + + grenswaarde + + anti-vervuilingsaanmoediging + + limnologie + + lineaire geluidsbron + bekledingsmateriaal + + + lijnbron + + lipide + + lipofiele stof + vloeibaar (gemaakt) gas + + @@ -18342,40 +35262,53 @@ vloeibare mest + + + vloeibare toestand + vloeibaar afval + letterkunde + + letterkundig gegevensbestand + letterkundige evaluatie + + letterkundig onderzoek + + lithosfeer + @@ -18383,19 +35316,27 @@ afdekstro + litoraal + + gehalte aan adsorbeerbare organohalogenen (AOX) + + + vee + + @@ -18403,211 +35344,289 @@ veefokkerij + veehouderij + levende toestand + natuurlijke rijkdommen van de zee + + leefruimte + + hagedissen + draagvermogen + + gemeente + flatgebouw + + plaatselijke financiën + beleid van de plaatselijke overheid + afstandsverwarming + + plaatselijke bouwmaterialen + plaatselijk openbaar vervoer + + + + plaatselijk verkeer + + + vestiging van industrieën + + + locomotief + bijenteelt + + langeafstandsverkeer + + + langeafstandsvervoer + + langetermijneffect + + + langetermijneffect van vervuilende stoffen + + langetermijnexperiment + voorspelling op lange termijn + langetermijntrend + vrachtwagen + verlies + het verloren gaan van biotopen + + geluidssterkte + betaalbare huisvesting + + + beroep + Tweede Kamer (NL) + minder bedreigde soorten (IUCN) + + laag debiet + + laagvliegerij + + + + + beroepsprocedure + lagere technologie + smeermiddel + helderheid + toegepaste ecologie + reinigingsmiddel + lymfatisch systeem + + lysimetrie + toegepaste voeding + machine-industrie + + macro-economische doelstelling + macro-economie + toegepaste wetenschap + @@ -18619,46 +35638,59 @@ magneetband + magnetisme + verzendingslijst + milieuonderhoud + + zwaar ongeluk + malaria + misvorming + + ondervoeding + geschikte technologie + + zoogdieren + @@ -18672,10 +35704,13 @@ mens + + beheer + @@ -18690,10 +35725,13 @@ bestuursovereenkomst + natuurbeheer + + @@ -18701,26 +35739,33 @@ beheersplan + mandaat + wortelboom + wortelboommoeras + goedkeuring van installaties + door de mens veroorzaakte klimaatsverandering + + @@ -18729,6 +35774,8 @@ verhouding tussen de mens en de natuur + + @@ -18739,20 +35786,31 @@ mankracht + + industriële activiteit + + fabriekswezen + + + mest + + + + @@ -18762,6 +35820,8 @@ mestproductie + + @@ -18769,6 +35829,9 @@ watercultuur + + + @@ -18779,6 +35842,8 @@ kaart + + @@ -18787,41 +35852,66 @@ kartering + + het in kaart brengen van korstmossen + + + + marmer + + + grensgebied + + + zeewatercultuur + + jachthaven + + + + mariene biologie + + + beschermd zeegebied + + waterdier + + @@ -18829,28 +35919,39 @@ mariene ecologie + + + mariene ecosysteem + + scheepswerktuigkunde + + mariene milieu + mariene fauna + + zeevisserij + @@ -18860,42 +35961,60 @@ mariene geologie + ecologie van het water + controle van de zee + + + + marien organisme + + zeevervuiling + + marien reservaat + + + bescherming van de zeerijkdommen + + afzetting in zee + ecosysteem in water + + @@ -18906,29 +36025,44 @@ zeerecht + + zeenavigatie + + zeevervoer + + + merkstof + + + merkstof + + + markt + + @@ -18938,27 +36072,34 @@ markteconomie + marktvorm + marketing + marktonderzoek + buideldieren + massamedia + + @@ -18967,15 +36108,19 @@ waterzoogdier + massavrijetijdsbesteding + + scheiding van stoffen + @@ -18988,10 +36133,15 @@ bulkvervoer + + + + materialen + @@ -18999,17 +36149,22 @@ stofbalans + + levenscyclus van materialen + materiaalkennis + + @@ -19017,42 +36172,65 @@ testen van materialen + + wiskundige analyse + wiskundige methode + zure regen + + micro-organisme in water + toelaatbare maximumconcentratie + + + + + + + toelaatbare maximumimmissie + + + + + + + organisme in water + + @@ -19063,15 +36241,20 @@ weide + + + vervoersmiddel + meting + @@ -19084,24 +36267,32 @@ meetmethode + meetprogramma + vlees + + + procestechnologie + medische wetenschappen + + @@ -19122,20 +36313,27 @@ afgedankt geneeskrachtig medicijn + geneeskrachtige plant(ensoort) + + waterplant + + geneeskunde + + @@ -19147,43 +36345,57 @@ Middellands zeegebied + Middellandse-zeehout + + + het (ver)smelten + + vlies + + psychologisch effect + kwik + kwikverontreiniging + + aantrekkelijke kant van waterrecreatie + stofwisseling + @@ -19195,32 +36407,46 @@ stofwisseling van bestrijdingsmiddelen + + stofwisselingsproduct + + meta-informatie + metaalafwerking + aquaduct + + metaalerts + + + + metaalverwerkende industrie + + @@ -19228,29 +36454,38 @@ metaaloxide + metaal walsen + watervoerende laag + + metaalproduct + metaalproductenindustrie + + metalen + + @@ -19261,10 +36496,12 @@ metaal smelten + metaalbewerking + @@ -19272,6 +36509,9 @@ weerkundige ramp + + + @@ -19279,15 +36519,19 @@ weersvoorspelling + + weerkundige parameter + weerkundig verschijnsel + @@ -19308,24 +36552,29 @@ weerkunde + + moerasgas + zuren + methodiek + @@ -19339,54 +36588,77 @@ akkerbouw + wereldstad + + + microbiële bronnen + + microbiologische analyse + + microbiologie + + microklimaat + effect op het microklimaat + microklimatologie + + microcomputer + micro-ecosysteem + + micro-elektronica + + microfiltratie + + + micro-organisme + @@ -19394,48 +36666,62 @@ microverontreiniging + microscopie + microgolf + + gastarbeid + + volksverhuizing + + trek + trekvogel + trekkende soorten + militaire aspecten + militaire activiteiten + + @@ -19446,34 +36732,51 @@ militair luchtverkeer + + + militair terrein + melk + + molen + + mijn + + + volstorten van mijnen + + + + delfstofafzetting + + @@ -19483,36 +36786,50 @@ delfstoffenwinning + + + mineraalvezel + delfstoffenindustrie + + mineralisatie + + boomkwekerij + mineralogie + + delfstoffen + + + @@ -19520,6 +36837,10 @@ delfstof + + + + @@ -19531,20 +36852,30 @@ mineraalwater + + + minimale kostenplanning + schademinimalisering + mijnstreek + + + + + @@ -19554,60 +36885,82 @@ mijnbouw - technologie + mijnbouw - geologie + mijnbouw + + + archeologische vindplaats + + mijnbouwwet + + + mijnbouwvoorschrift + + + landschapsherstel van voormalige mijnbouwgebieden + + + mijnbouwafval + ministerieel besluit + ministerie + archeologie + minderheid + divers product + @@ -19623,47 +36976,62 @@ mengbaarheid + + eilandengroep + mijten + verzachtende maatregel + gemengd (landbouw)bedrijf + gemengd bos + + gebied dat voor meerdere doeleinden wordt gebruikt + + (ver)mengen + stacaravan + + + model + @@ -19671,30 +37039,40 @@ modellering + vocht + + moleculaire biologie + + + weekdieren + monetaire waardebepaling + meting + + @@ -19716,16 +37094,23 @@ metingscriterium + + het controleren van gegevens + + + controle-apparatuur + + @@ -19735,19 +37120,26 @@ meetnet(werk) + meetstation + + + + meetsysteem + meettechniek + @@ -19764,35 +37156,50 @@ monopolie + monument + + heide + morele overreding + morfologie + + sterfte + + + mos + architectuur + + + + @@ -19801,10 +37208,14 @@ motorfiets + motorbrandstof + + + @@ -19817,6 +37228,9 @@ motorvoertuig + + + @@ -19829,6 +37243,9 @@ motorvoertuigemissies + + + @@ -19836,25 +37253,38 @@ motorvoertuiguitlaatgassen + + + motorvoertuigenindustrie + + + autoweg + + + geluidsfilter + + berg + + @@ -19862,14 +37292,19 @@ gebergte-ecosysteem + + bergsport + berggebied + + @@ -19879,48 +37314,67 @@ bergketen + + Arctisch ecosysteem + + maaien + (slik)wad + + modder + strooisellaag + + + + multilaterale overeenkomst + Arctische Oceaan + multinational + + multifunctioneel beheergebied + gemeentelijke reiniging + + @@ -19928,33 +37382,44 @@ gemeentereinigingsdienst + + + Arctisch gebied + milieubeleid van de gemeente + + gemeente + staatsrecht + gemeenteniveau + gemeentelijk afval + + @@ -19969,69 +37434,100 @@ gemeentelijke watervoorziening + + + gebied + + gemeentelijk waterbeheer + + + + spierstelsel + + museum + + paddestoel + muziek + + mosselteelt + + marterachtigen + mutageniteit + + testen op mutageniteit + mutagene stof + + + mutant + afgifte gemuteerde micro-organismen + + + + mutatie + @@ -20039,59 +37535,78 @@ mycologie + + mycorrhiza + mogelijk vervuild gebied + + + + binnenlands beheersprogramma + nationaleeconomie + nationale milieuboekhouding + culturelel goederen + nationalisering + + nationale wetgeving + nationaal park + + nationale planning + nationaal reservaat + natuurgebied + @@ -20100,6 +37615,8 @@ natuurramp + + @@ -20108,10 +37625,13 @@ natuurlijk afwateringssysteem + natuurlijke omgeving + + @@ -20121,11 +37641,16 @@ geluidsisolatie + + natuurlijke meststof + + + @@ -20134,6 +37659,8 @@ natuurvezel + + @@ -20141,10 +37668,16 @@ natuurlijk bos + + aardgas + + + + @@ -20152,20 +37685,30 @@ aardgasexploratie + + + aardgaswinning + + + natuurlijk gevaar + + natuurlijk erfgoed + + @@ -20173,14 +37716,18 @@ wetgeving met betrekking tot de natuur + ecosysteem van een onvruchtbaar gebied + + natuurlijke materiaal + @@ -20197,10 +37744,13 @@ natuurmonument + natuurpark + + @@ -20208,20 +37758,27 @@ natuurlijke radioactiviteit + onvruchtbaar gebied + behoud van natuurlijke hulpbronnen + + + + natuurlijke hulpbronnen + @@ -20235,10 +37792,12 @@ natuurlijk landschap + natuurwetenschappen + @@ -20249,6 +37808,8 @@ natuursteen + + @@ -20258,28 +37819,41 @@ natuurwaarde + + + organisatie voor natuurbehoud + natuurbehoud + + + natuurbehoudswetgeving + natuurbehoudsprogramma + + natuurbescherming + + + @@ -20287,6 +37861,8 @@ natuurreservaat + + @@ -20295,65 +37871,92 @@ misselijkheid + navigatiegevaar + + + afsterving + behoefte + + buurtverbeteringsplan + + + wapens + aaltjes + zenuwstelsel + + wapenomschakeling + + netto grondstofvermindering + + netting-beleid + + + + neurotoxiciteit + + neutraliseren + + strijdkrachten + @@ -20361,49 +37964,69 @@ nieuwe gemeenschap + nieuwe installatie + + nieuw materiaal + nieuwe technologie + + nikkel + nitraat + + + + nitrificatie + + + + aromatische verbindingen + nitrieten + stikstofverbinding + stikstof + + @@ -20412,23 +38035,34 @@ stikstofkringloop + stikstofdioxide + + stikstofbinding + + + + stikstofmonoxide + + stikstofoxiden + + @@ -20437,21 +38071,29 @@ nitrosamine + aromatische koolwaterstoffen + NOEL + + + + + geluid + @@ -20461,60 +38103,83 @@ vermindering van geluidshinder + + geluidsanalyse + geluidsafscherming + + geluidsbeperking + + geluidshinder + + geluidsemissie + + heffing op geluidsemissie + + stille technologie + + geurstof + + geluidsimmissie + + + geluidswetgeving + + geluidsniveau + @@ -20522,22 +38187,28 @@ geluidsmeting + geluidsmeting + storend geluid + + geluidshinder + + @@ -20548,6 +38219,8 @@ bescherming tegen lawaaihinder + + @@ -20555,6 +38228,9 @@ lawaaibeperking + + + @@ -20565,6 +38241,7 @@ soort geluid + @@ -20577,23 +38254,32 @@ statiegeldregeling voor verpakking + + nomade + nomenclatuur + niet biologisch afbreekbare verontreinigende stof + + onbebouwd gebied + + + @@ -20604,6 +38290,7 @@ niet-conventionele energie + @@ -20616,24 +38303,30 @@ non-ferro metaalnijverheid + + arseen + non-ferro metalen + niet-gouvernementele organisatie + niet-ioniserende straling + @@ -20642,40 +38335,58 @@ niet-metallisch mineraal + + + + niet-metalen + niet-vervuilende energiebron + + niet-vervuilende brandstof + + + + kunst + niet-hernieuwbare energiebronnen + + niet-hernieuwbare hulpbronnen + + utiliteitsbouw + + @@ -20684,41 +38395,53 @@ houder zonder statiegeld + + + + organisme waarvoor bestrijdingsmiddelen niet bedoeld zijn + norm + normalisatie + Noord-Afrika + Noord-Amerika + Noordatlantische Oceaan + Noordelijke Stille Oceaan + geluidsniveau + @@ -20729,10 +38452,14 @@ nieuw voedingsmiddel + + kernongeval + + @@ -20741,6 +38468,7 @@ geleedpotigen + @@ -20748,38 +38476,56 @@ kernenergie + + wetgeving inzake kernenergie + + + kernenergiegebruik + + kernontploffing (ongeval) + + Articulata + nucleaire installatie + + + kernsplitsing + + kernbrandstof + + + @@ -20787,32 +38533,55 @@ splijtstofelement + + + + kernfusie + + kernfysica + + + overleg over kernenergie + + + + kerncentrale + + + + opbergen kernafval + + + + kernreactie + + @@ -20822,6 +38591,10 @@ kernreactor + + + + @@ -20830,62 +38603,91 @@ nucleair onderzoekscentrum + + + nucleaire veiligheid + + + kernproef + + + + kernwapen + + + nucleïnezuur + + hinder + (planten)kwekerij + voedingsbodem + + voedingsbalans + voedingswaarde + + + + nutriëntenkringloop + onttrekking van voedingsstoffen + + nutriënt + voeding + @@ -20895,87 +38697,125 @@ voedingswaarde van voedsel + eiken(bomen) + + bezwaar + inlichtingsplicht + + etiketteringsplicht + + beroepsziekte + + beroepsgroep + bedrijfsgezondheid + + bedrijfsgezondheidszorg + + + bedrijfsgeneeskunde + + + bedrijfsveiligheid + + + bedrijfsveiligheidsvoorschrift + + + oceaan + stuwmeer + + + oceaancirculatie + + oceaanstroming + storten in de oceaan + + + Oceanië + oceanografie + + @@ -20983,88 +38823,128 @@ oceaantemperatuur + + libellen + reuk + + + geurhinder + milieucriminaliteit + kantoor + ambtsbezigheid + officiële hoorzitting + pendelen buiten de spits + + reizen in de minder drukke periode + + werken buiten de spits + + beleid waarbij men wordt verplicht overschrijdingen van uitstootmaxima elde + + + + mijnbouw,gas- en oliewinning op zee + + + olieboringen op zee + + elders + + oliebindende stof + + + + + op olie gebaseerde energie + periode van hoogconjunctuur in de olie-industrie + + + aardolieramp + + + @@ -21073,10 +38953,16 @@ aardolie-exploratie + + + aardoliewinning + + + @@ -21085,15 +38971,26 @@ olie- en vettenindustrie + + + oliepijpleiding + + + + + olievervuiling + + + @@ -21102,73 +38999,122 @@ vermindering van olievervuiling + + + + (olie)opruimingsschip + + + + + olieraffinaderij + + + + olieraffinage + terugwinning van olieresten + + + + + + olie in kleilagen + + drijvende olielaag + + + olielozing + + + + olietanker + + + oude afzetting + + + + + verontreinigde plaats + + + oude installatie + + geurvervuiling + + olfactometrie + onchocerciasis + kunstmaan + + + @@ -21176,22 +39122,32 @@ oncologie + + dagbouw + + + zeevisserij + besturingsgegevens + + mening + + @@ -21201,23 +39157,32 @@ optimalisering van installaties + + + erts + + orgaan + + organisch gebonden koolstof + + @@ -21225,20 +39190,26 @@ organische scheikunde + + biologische landbouw + geluidseigenschap + organische vervuilende stof + + @@ -21246,15 +39217,23 @@ asbest + + + + + organisch oplosmiddel + + organische stoffen + @@ -21272,6 +39251,7 @@ organisch afval + @@ -21279,6 +39259,7 @@ organismen (taxonomie) + @@ -21297,11 +39278,13 @@ organische chloorverbinding + organische halogeenverbinding + @@ -21309,6 +39292,7 @@ organische metaalverbinding + @@ -21316,6 +39300,7 @@ organische stikstofverbinding + @@ -21325,6 +39310,7 @@ organische zuurstofverbinding + @@ -21334,54 +39320,72 @@ organische fosforverbinding + organische silicoonverbinding + organische zwavelverbinding + organische tinverbinding + asbestcement + + + vogelkunde + gebergtebeschrijving + + rechtvleugeligen + osmose + + ASEAN + plaatselijke vrijetijdsbesteding + + overbelasting + + @@ -21389,20 +39393,30 @@ overbevolking + overexploitatie + + vermesting + + + + + as + + @@ -21410,33 +39424,48 @@ overbevissing + + + overbeweiding + + + + bovengrondse elektriciteitsleiding + + + overbevolking + stratificatie-omkering (limnologie) + + (laten) overwinteren + eigendom + @@ -21444,20 +39473,24 @@ oxidatie + oxidatie-reductie + oxiden + Azië + @@ -21467,32 +39500,46 @@ oxyderende stof + + zuurstof + + zuurstoftoevoer + + zuurstofgehalte + + + zuurstoftekort + + + ozon + + @@ -21501,28 +39548,42 @@ vermogen om de ozonlaag aan te tasten + + + + ozonlaag + + aantasting van de ozonlaag + + + ozonisatie + + + verpakking + + @@ -21533,6 +39594,9 @@ geluidsleer + + + @@ -21540,38 +39604,51 @@ verpakkingsafval + + verf + schildersbedrijf + + verfwinkel + + paleontologie + papier + papierindustrie + + parameters + + @@ -21627,164 +39704,239 @@ parasiet + parasitologie + + + (auto)parkeerplaats + + + parkeervoorziening + + + + parlement + assimilatie + deelname + deeltje + deeltjesscheider + + personenvervoer + + (graas)weide + + + pasta-achtig afval + pathogeen + + + pathogeen organisme + + pathologisch effect + + pathologie + + stedelijk groeipatroon + + + associatie + turf + + + + turfwinning + + + + + voetgangerszone + + pedosfeer + boete voor schade aan het milieu + dwangmaatregel + pentachloorfenol + gegevens per hoofd (van de bevolking) + + + perchooretheen + ruimtevaartkunde + + percolatiewater + + periphyton + + permanente ijslaag + + astronomie + + doorlatendheid + + + toegestane blootstellingsgrens + + + + + + vergunning + @@ -21799,24 +39951,38 @@ peroxyacetylnitraat + + werkingsduur + werkingsduur van bestrijdingsmiddelen + + + + + + persoonlijke verantwoordelijkheid + pest + + + + @@ -21825,6 +39991,7 @@ bestrijding (van plagen) + @@ -21833,44 +40000,74 @@ bestrijdingsmiddel + + + + controlenorm voor bestrijdingsmiddelen + + + door bestrijdingsmiddelen gevolgde weg + + resten van bestrijdingsmiddellen + + + + + plaag + + + huisdier + + petrochemische industrie + + + + benzine + + + atlas + + (ruwe) aardolie + + @@ -21880,24 +40077,32 @@ aardolieverbruik + + aardolie-geologie + aardolie-industrie + + bescherming van de aardoliebronnen + + atmosfeer + @@ -21905,81 +40110,120 @@ zichtbaar bloeiende planten + farmaceutische industrie + + + apotheekafval + + + farmacokinetica + + + farmacologie + + fenol + feromoon + + filosofie + + fosfaat + + + fosfaatverwijdering + + + fosfaatvervangingsmiddel + + + fosfor + fotochemisch middel + + + fotochemisch effect + fotochemische oxidant + + + fotochemische product + + + fotochemische reactie + + @@ -21988,15 +40232,21 @@ fotochemische smog + + fotogrammetrie + + + foto + @@ -22004,10 +40254,14 @@ atmosferische scheikunde + + fotosynthese + + @@ -22015,23 +40269,31 @@ luchtstromingen + + lichamelijke toestand + fysische geografie + + fysische oceanografie + ruimtelijke ordening + + @@ -22040,6 +40302,7 @@ fysische vervuiler + @@ -22047,6 +40310,7 @@ fysische verontreiniging + @@ -22054,6 +40318,7 @@ fysische processen + @@ -22085,6 +40350,7 @@ fysische eigenschappen + @@ -22123,6 +40389,9 @@ onderdeel van de atmosfeer + + + @@ -22132,6 +40401,8 @@ natuurwetenschappen + + @@ -22144,6 +40415,8 @@ fysico-chemische processen + + @@ -22168,10 +40441,15 @@ fysico-chemische zuivering + + + natuurkunde + + @@ -22179,11 +40457,15 @@ samenstelling van de atmosfeer + + fysiologie + + @@ -22192,24 +40474,35 @@ fytomassa + plantenziektekunde + + + + fytoplankton + + plantensociologie + + atmosferische uitstoot + + @@ -22221,40 +40514,58 @@ fytotoxiciteit + + + inleggerij + + satellietbeeld + + atmosferische vochtigheid + loodsdienst + + + proefinstallatie + + proefproject + + zeeroofdieren + gelaagdheid van de dampkring + + @@ -22263,20 +40574,32 @@ (pijp)leiding + + + + pijp + + + + + (laag)vlakte + plan + + @@ -22296,19 +40619,27 @@ fossiele bron + + plankton + + geplande stedelijke ontwikkeling + + + planning + @@ -22325,10 +40656,12 @@ atmosferisch model + wetgeving inzake de ruimtelijke planning + @@ -22336,6 +40669,9 @@ planologische maatregel + + + @@ -22349,26 +40685,31 @@ bouwvergunning + plannings- en begrotings systeem + plantenveredeling + plantengemeenschap + plantendeel + @@ -22379,6 +40720,8 @@ planteziekte + + @@ -22386,18 +40729,24 @@ fabrieksuitrusting + plantengenetica + + arbeidsveiligheid + atmosferische metingen + + @@ -22405,19 +40754,26 @@ gewasbeschermingsmiddel + + + zoolgangers + planten + plantenfysiologie + + @@ -22426,14 +40782,22 @@ gewasbescherming + + testen van plantenbeschermende producten + + + atmosferische ozon + + + @@ -22442,6 +40806,7 @@ planten + @@ -22460,65 +40825,91 @@ plantaardige textielvezels + handel in planten + + + + plasma technologie + + plastic + atmosferische deeltje + plasticafval + + platina + speelplaats + + atmosferische natuurkunde + + plutonium + stropen + + puntbron + + vergif + + + + vergiftiging + @@ -22527,6 +40918,8 @@ luchtvervuiling + + @@ -22535,37 +40928,50 @@ polaire ecosystemen + + poolgebied + + + polder + + politie + politieverordening + neerslag + + + beleid + @@ -22592,9 +40998,11 @@ + politiek + @@ -22603,10 +41011,12 @@ beleidsregel + beleidsinstrumenten + @@ -22626,12 +41036,15 @@ beleidsintegratie + (milieu)beschermingsbeleid + + @@ -22639,42 +41052,53 @@ beleidsplanning + politieke raadgeving + politieke doctrine + politieke ecologie + politieke geografie + politieke organisatie + politieke partij + politieke macht + meteorologisch processen + + + @@ -22682,11 +41106,13 @@ stuifmeel + verontreinigende stoffen + @@ -22708,27 +41134,34 @@ opname van verontreinigende stoffen + opstapeling van verontreinigende stoffen + analyse verontreinigende stoffen + + atmosferische wetenschappen + + inschatting van een verontreinigende stof + @@ -22737,6 +41170,7 @@ gedraging van verontreinigende stoffen + @@ -22748,10 +41182,12 @@ gehalte aan verontreinigende stoffen + afbraak van verontreinigende stoffen + @@ -22759,22 +41195,27 @@ afzetting van verontreinigende stoffen + verstooiing van verontreinigende stoffen + verdeling van verontreinigende stoffen + structuur van de dampkring + + @@ -22783,6 +41224,7 @@ verwijdering van verontreinigende stoffen + @@ -22791,6 +41233,7 @@ uitstoot van verontreinigende stoffen + @@ -22804,36 +41247,51 @@ blootstelling aan verontreinigende stoffen + + + vorming van verontreinigende stoffen + immissies van verontreinigende stoffen + + + binding van verontreinigende stoffen + verontreinigingsgraad + verontreinigingsbelasting (druk) + het vrijkomen van verontreinigende stoffen + meting van verontreinigende stoffen + + + + @@ -22841,6 +41299,7 @@ pad gevolgd door verontreinigende stoffen + @@ -22852,26 +41311,35 @@ terugdringen van milieuverontreiniging + het opnieuw vrijkomen van verontreinigende stoffen + vaststelling verontreinigingsbronnen + + verontreinigd materiaal + het vervuiler betaalt-principe + + + verontreiniging + @@ -22884,6 +41352,9 @@ bestrijding van (milieu)verontreiniging + + + @@ -22894,6 +41365,10 @@ uitrusting voor de bestrijding van milieuverontreiniging + + + + @@ -22903,6 +41378,9 @@ beheersing van milieuverontreiniging + + + @@ -22910,25 +41388,35 @@ uitrusting voor de beheersing van milieuverontreiniging + + + regelgeving milieuverontreiniging + + technologie voor de bestrijding van milieuverontreiniging + + verontreinigingscriteria + + gevolgen van milieuverontreiniging + @@ -22937,14 +41425,24 @@ indicator van milieuverontreiniging + + + + aansprakelijkheid voor milieuverontreiniging + + verontreinigingswaarde + + + + @@ -22956,30 +41454,47 @@ meting milieuverontreiniging + + bemonstering milieuverontreiniging + + + + milieuverontreinigingsnorm + + + + milieuverontreinigingsrisico + + plaats waar milieuverontreiniging in de bodem doordringt + + + bron van (milieu)verontreiniging + + @@ -22989,77 +41504,98 @@ polybroombifenyl + polychloorbifenyl + polychloordibenzo-p-dioxine + polychloordibenzofuraan + polychloorterfenyl + polycyclische aromatische koolwaterstof + polycyclische koolwaterstof + polyethyleentereftalaat + polymerisatie + polymeer + + polyvinylchloride + + vijver + + afvalvijver + vijver + + bevolkingsspreiding + bevolkingsdemografie + populatie (ecologisch) + @@ -23067,19 +41603,24 @@ populatie-ecologie + + bevolkingsgroei + bevolkingsontwikkeling + bevolkingsstructuur + @@ -23090,52 +41631,75 @@ bevolkingstrend + nabehandeling + + + toekenning + potas + + kali- en steenzoutmijnbouw + + pluimvee + + pluimveefokkerij + + armoede + + energiebedrijf + + + warmte-krachtkoppeling + + elektriciteitscentrale + + + @@ -23143,57 +41707,77 @@ neerslag + + + neerslagbevordering + roofdier + geprefabriceerd gebouw + audiovisuele media + + inleidende procedure + toeslag + + het bewaren van bewijsmateriaal + bederfwerend middel + + handhaven + pers + + persen + + druk + @@ -23201,6 +41785,7 @@ belangengroep + @@ -23208,6 +41793,7 @@ actinide + @@ -23215,6 +41801,7 @@ preventieve maatregel op het gebied van de gezondheid + @@ -23222,6 +41809,9 @@ prijs + + + @@ -23233,10 +41823,13 @@ prijzenbeleid inzake grondstoffen + + gezagsdragende instelling + @@ -23248,74 +41841,96 @@ primair onderwijs + primair energieverbruik + + primaire sector + machtiging + primaten + oerbos + + voorzorgsbeginsel + duurzaamheidsbeginsel + + drukkerij-industrie + drukkerij + voorafgaandelijke overeenstemming + voorafgaandelijke melding voor giftig afval + + personenwagen + + + gezinshuishouden + privaatrecht + auto-ecologie + @@ -23330,36 +41945,45 @@ private sector + personenvervoer + privatisering + + slurfdieren + Procaryota + procesrecht + automatische herkenning + verwerking + @@ -23369,18 +41993,23 @@ procestechnologie + proceswater + + aansprakelijkheid van de producent + producten + @@ -23391,54 +42020,79 @@ productvergelijking + + + productevaluatie + + + productidentificatie + + + productvoorlichting + + productiviteit + + productiviteitstrend + productaansprakelijkheid + productstandaard + winst + auto-industrie + + + voorspellingsgegevens + + + + programma + @@ -23449,31 +42103,42 @@ grafieklijn + + verbod + ontwerp + wijze van voortplanting + + + + drijfgas + + materiaaleigenschappen + @@ -23494,22 +42159,30 @@ eigendomsbescherming + voortstuwingswijze + + (gerechtelijke) vervolging + welvaart + + beschermd gebied + + @@ -23531,126 +42204,176 @@ beschermd landschap + + beschermde soorten + + beschermd stroomgebied + + + bescherming tegen buren + + vogelbescherming + + soortbescherming + + beschermingssysteem + eiwit + + protocol + + protozoa + provincie + gewestelijke gezag + psychisch effect + psychologisch effect + psychologische stress + psychologie + + pyschosomatisch effect + psychosomatische klachten + lawine + + publiek toegang tot terreinen + publieke actie + openbaar bad + + + + openbaar gebouw + + staatsdomein + + + + grens van de algemene noodtoestand + + + + + overheidsfinanciën + overheidsfinanciering + volksgezondheid + @@ -23660,21 +42383,27 @@ openbare hoorzitting + actinium + bescherming tegen lawines + + vrij toegankelijke informatie + + @@ -23687,6 +42416,7 @@ publiekrecht + @@ -23694,46 +42424,65 @@ publieke opinie + opiniepeiling + + openbaar park + + + + deelname van het publiek + publiek-private samenwerking + overheidsopdracht + + openbaar ministerie + aanleg van verkeersroutes + + + + openbare sector + nutsbedrijf + + @@ -23749,15 +42498,24 @@ openbaar vervoer + + + openbaar vervoersmiddel + + nutsbedrijf + + + + @@ -23765,6 +42523,9 @@ openbare werken + + + @@ -23772,31 +42533,44 @@ longziekte + pulp + pulpindustrie + pomp + + pompen + + koop + zuivering + + + + + @@ -23810,6 +42584,11 @@ zuiveringsinstallatie + + + + + @@ -23821,38 +42600,57 @@ zuiveringsinstallatie + + + + + + purine + luchtvaartwetgeving + + pyrolyse + + + + kwaliteitswaarborg + + avifauna + kwaliteitsbewaking + + leefbaarheid + @@ -23861,24 +42659,33 @@ (steen)groeve + + + een steengroeve ontginnen + + verhoudingen tussen rassen + radar + + straling + @@ -23900,6 +42707,10 @@ stralingsschade + + + + @@ -23907,46 +42718,69 @@ stralingsdosis + stralingseffect + + + + blootstelling aan straling + + + stralingsmeting + stralingsfysica + + + stralingsbescherming + + + stralingbeschermingswet + + stralingsziekte + + radio + + radioactieve besmetting + + @@ -23954,78 +42788,109 @@ radioactieve ontsmetting + + + radioactieve afvalstortplaats + + + radioactieve uitstoot + + radioactieve neerslag + + radioactieve vervuiler + + radioactieve stof + + radioactieve merkstof + + opsporingstechniek voor radioactieve straling + radioactief afval + + + beleid voor radio-actief afval + + radioactiviteit + radionucleïde + + achtergrondniveau + + radon + lomp + + spoorvoertuig + @@ -24033,6 +42898,7 @@ spoorverkeer + @@ -24040,10 +42906,14 @@ spoorvervoer + + spoorweg + + @@ -24051,48 +42921,68 @@ regen + + regenwoud + + + achtergrondstraling + fixatie + + regenwater + + een plaats ophogen + steekproef + raap(zaad) + + stadstrein + + zeldzame soorten + + grondstof + + @@ -24102,36 +42992,52 @@ grondstofverbruik + + zich verzekeren van grondstoffen + + reactiekinetiek + reactor + + + + reactorveiligheid + + + herbebossing + + + bacteriën + @@ -24140,37 +43046,53 @@ redelijkheid + recombinante DNA technologie + aanbeveling + oxydatiebed + + registratie van stoffen + + landschapsherstel + + + herstel van in het wild levende planten en dieren + + verlaten terrein + + + + @@ -24178,14 +43100,20 @@ bactericide + + herstelplan + ontspanning + + + @@ -24197,6 +43125,11 @@ ontspanningsterrein + + + + + @@ -24205,16 +43138,25 @@ herbruikbaarheid + + + kringloopplastic + + + hergebruikt materiaal + + + @@ -24222,11 +43164,16 @@ kringlooppapier + + + hergebruik + + @@ -24235,137 +43182,200 @@ het regelen van hergebruik + + wet over hergebruik van afval + + bacteriologie + + mate waarin iets hergebruikt kan worden + + hergebruikverhouding + + herstellen + gevaarlijk getij + + chemische reductie + + riet + rif + + + raffinaderij + + + + raffineren + weerkaatsing + reflectometrie + + + koelmiddel + + + koelindustrie + + + (kunstmatige) koeling + + koelkast + + + toevluchtsgebied + vluchteling + vuilniswagen + + + + tot brandstof verwerkt afval + + + compost uit afval en (riool)slib + + + herstel + herstel van oude installaties + + + gewest + gewestelijke overeenkomst + gewestelijke ontwikkeling + gewestelijk voorschrift + gewestplan + + + gewestelijke planning + @@ -24373,73 +43383,97 @@ gewestelijke verordening + geweststatistieken + + geweststructuur + registratie + registratieprocedure + + hernieuwbare grondstof + + + verordening rond toegestane maxima + + verordening + regulerende wet + balans [economisch] + regulerend toezicht + herstel + herhuisvesting + + herinvoering + + oorzaak-gevolg relatie + organismen vrijlaten + + @@ -24449,24 +43483,35 @@ godsdienst + actiegroep + belangenafweging + + remote sensing + + + + + + verwijdering + @@ -24474,16 +43519,23 @@ renaturatie + + + hernieuwbare energiebron + + hernieuwbare natuurlijke hulpbronnen + + @@ -24491,37 +43543,52 @@ verhuur van huizen + herstellingsbedrijf + + + vervanging + vervangingskosten + rapporteringsproces + + + + vertegenwoordiging + herwerking + + + voortplanting + @@ -24531,10 +43598,12 @@ voortplantingsmanipulatie + reptielen + @@ -24543,11 +43612,16 @@ reddingsdienst + + + + onderzoek + @@ -24562,6 +43636,9 @@ onderzoekscentrum + + + @@ -24569,16 +43646,22 @@ onderzoeksproject + biologisch reserve + + + spaarbekken + + @@ -24586,12 +43669,17 @@ woonwijk + + + woningbouw + + @@ -24600,18 +43688,26 @@ woonerf + + + + + overgebleven hoeveelheid water + restrisico + restafval + @@ -24621,38 +43717,52 @@ restanalyse + + + + + + bankwezen [geld] + hergebruik van resten + hars + weerstand(svermogen) + besluit + resorptie + + (natuurlijke) hulpbronnen + @@ -24664,11 +43774,18 @@ inschatting van (natuurlijke) hulpbronnen + + + behoud van (natuurlijke) hulpbronnen + + + + @@ -24680,6 +43797,7 @@ exploitatie van (natuurlijke) hulpbronnen + @@ -24689,12 +43807,20 @@ voorraad aan (natuurlijke) hulpbronnen + + + + beheer van (natuurlijke) hulpbronnen + + + + @@ -24707,32 +43833,43 @@ ademhaling + ingeademde lucht + ademhalingsziekte + verbod op de verspreiding van afvalwater + + + toestel om de luchtwegen te beschermen + + + ademhalingsstelsel + + @@ -24740,15 +43877,20 @@ ademhalingskanaal + + verantwoordelijkheid + het ongedaan maken van de effecten van iets + + @@ -24756,113 +43898,163 @@ rustvorm + herstel + herstelmaatregel + + barium + productiebeperking + + gebruiksbeperking + detailhandel + + remmingsbekken + + het aanbrengen van nieuwe onderdelen [in oudere modellen] + terug naar de natuur + hergebruikbare verpakking + + + + + actieve kool + + hergebruik van materialen + + herbegroeiing + + + omgekeerde osmose + + + + rijst + + + klachtrecht + eigendomsrecht + recht op schadevergoeding + recht op informatie + + + ringen + afspoelen + + + (rivier)oeverstrook + + opheffing (geologisch) + stijgende zeespiegel + + + risico's + @@ -24877,11 +44069,14 @@ risicoanalyse + + inschatting van het risico + @@ -24904,23 +44099,32 @@ risico-batenanalyse + + mededeling van risicogegevens + voorstelling dat men van een risico heeft + + risicobeperking + + rivier + + @@ -24930,29 +44134,40 @@ rivierbekkenontwikkeling + + stroomgeulvorming + + referentiemeting + rivierverontreiniging + + rivierwater + weg + + + @@ -24965,29 +44180,39 @@ wegenbouw + + wegenonderhoud + base [chemische stof] + verkeersveiligheid + + weg(en)zout + + wegverkeer + + @@ -25000,14 +44225,21 @@ wegverkeerstechnologie + + wegvervoer + + gesteente + + + @@ -25021,70 +44253,97 @@ actief slib + + + basisbehoefte aan voedsel + steenwol + + knaagdieren + basiciteit + wortel + draaioven + + + weg + + weguitstippeling + + + + rubber + rubberverwerking + rubberverwerkende industrie + + + rubberafval + basidiomycete + afwatering + + @@ -25093,6 +44352,8 @@ platteland + + @@ -25104,33 +44365,49 @@ plattelandsomgeving + + plattelandsbevolking + + nederzetting in het platteland + + + + landbouwtoerisme + + + + plattelandswatervoorziening + + ladingsgewijs proces + veiligheid + @@ -25142,11 +44419,14 @@ veiligheidsanalyse + + veiligheidsmaatregel + @@ -25170,12 +44450,16 @@ veiligheidsvoorschrift + + veiligheidsnorm + + @@ -25183,28 +44467,40 @@ veiligheidsnorm voor de bouw + + veiligheidsonderzoek + + salamanders + zoutwinning + salmonella + + zoutgehalte + + + + @@ -25212,19 +44508,28 @@ zoutlading + + + zoutmoeras + + met kweldergras begroeide kwelder + + zwemwater (algemeen) + + @@ -25234,15 +44539,20 @@ zoutkoepel + + zouten + zout water + + @@ -25250,20 +44560,27 @@ berging + + + monstername + + monsternametechniek + straf + @@ -25273,49 +44590,75 @@ zand + + vastleggen van de duinen + + + + + (zand)duin + zandwinning + + zandgroeve + + + sanitair + + + hygiënisch afgedekte vuilstortplaats + + bevordering van de (volks)gezondheid + afvalverwerkingsplan + + gehalte aan rottend organisch materiaal + + + batterij + + @@ -25324,41 +44667,55 @@ water rijk aan rottend organisch materiaal + + satelliet + besparing + + + zaagsel + batterijverwerking + + infectie met parasitaire zuigwormen + school + + schoolonderwijs + wetenschappen + @@ -25376,24 +44733,33 @@ wetenschappelijke en technische informatie + wetenschappelijke samenwerking + + wetenschappelijk beleid + afbakeningsprocedure + + schroot + + + @@ -25403,34 +44769,47 @@ schrootmarkt + + schrootprijs + + schroot + + + autowrak + baai + + afschermen + + zee + @@ -25442,39 +44821,61 @@ zeebodem + + + exploitatie van de zeebodem + + + zandbankontginning + + zeestroming + + strand + + zeespiegel + + zeespiegelstijging + + + robbevangst + + + + + @@ -25482,14 +44883,23 @@ dichting + + + + + afvoerbuis in zee + + zeeschatten + + @@ -25497,52 +44907,70 @@ kust(strook) + + jaargetijde + seizoensmigratie + zeewater + ontzouting van zeewater + + bescherming van zeewater + + secundaire biotoop + + midelbaar onderwijs + secundaire sector + stranden + tweedehandsgoederen + + + economische sector + @@ -25550,24 +44978,34 @@ veiligheid van installaties + + afzettingsbekken + + bezinking + + afzetting + + afzetting + + @@ -25578,88 +45016,124 @@ sedimentvervoer + + zaad + droogontsmetting van zaad + + + kwel + + + kwelwater + + + seismiciteit + controle op seismische activiteit + + + door aardbeving veroorzaakte zeegolven + + inbeslagneming + beslaglegging op de winst + keuze van technologie + + selectief fokken van dieren + selectieve plantenteelt + seleen + zelfhulpprogramma + zelfcontrole + + + zelfreiniging + + + ecosystemen van halfdroog land + + halfgeleider + + @@ -25667,14 +45141,20 @@ halffabricaat + + bijenbescherming + + + halfmetaal + @@ -25682,30 +45162,39 @@ gevoelig gebied + + gevoeligheidsanalyse + gescheiden inzameling + slachtvee + + scheiding bij de bron + (af)scheider + + @@ -25713,30 +45202,38 @@ septische put + + beslaglegging + slangen + dienstverleningsgebied + + bijen + nutsbedrijven + @@ -25760,6 +45257,8 @@ concentratie van nederzettingen + + @@ -25772,29 +45271,45 @@ stadsuitbreiding + + + bezinkingstank + + afvalwater + + rioolwaterverwerking + + vloeivelden met afvalwater als mest + + + + + rioolslib + + @@ -25806,15 +45321,22 @@ afvalwaterverwerkingssysteem + + + kevers + rioolstelsel + + + @@ -25823,10 +45345,12 @@ schaal-en schelpdieren + gedrag + @@ -25834,14 +45358,19 @@ scherm + + + zwerflandbouw + schip + @@ -25852,14 +45381,22 @@ scheepsbouw + + + scheepvaartongeluk + + + + stofgedrag + @@ -25868,27 +45405,41 @@ scheepsafval + + + lozing van scheepsafval + + + schietbaan + + + + winkel + + + gedragspatroon + @@ -25899,54 +45450,76 @@ winkelcentrum + + + voorstelling + + nuttig organisme + + + strooiapparaat (v. stalmest of tuinafval) + + afval van strooiapparaat + heester(gewas) + rangeerterrein + + ziekteverschijnselen + + + bijwerking + + bijwerkingen van geneesmiddelen + + zeven + @@ -25954,30 +45527,43 @@ knalpot + + + silicium + + silo + + + + slib + + zilver + inspraak + @@ -25985,6 +45571,8 @@ simulatie + + @@ -25993,51 +45581,76 @@ sinteren + + plaatskeuze + + + naar grootte sorteren + + skieën + huid + + horizonvervuiling + + onderverdeling van de zeebodem + + + (metaal)slak(ken) + (openbaar)slachthuis + + + + slachtafval + + het slachten van dieren + + + @@ -26045,43 +45658,63 @@ slaap + + ecosysteem van de zeebodem + + slaapstoornis + afgravingskant + slib + + + slibgisting + + + + slibverbranding + + + slikbezinkingsvijver + + slibverwerking + + @@ -26090,86 +45723,121 @@ sluis + + + kleine en middelgrote industrieën + + zeebodem + + Kleine Eilanden + kleinschalige oven + + + kleinschalige stroomopwekker + smog + benzeen + smogwaarschuwing + + + + + rook + + rookpreventie + + roken + + + + Colubriden + sneeuw + + benzopyreen + sneeuwlawine + (door)weken + zeep + sociaal gedrag + @@ -26193,6 +45861,7 @@ sociale omstandigheden + @@ -26204,19 +45873,24 @@ sociale kosten + + interne aanrekening van externe kosten + sociale ontwikkeling + sociale differentiatie + @@ -26224,6 +45898,7 @@ sociale dynamiek + @@ -26234,11 +45909,14 @@ sociale voorziening + + sociale groep + @@ -26254,12 +45932,17 @@ sociale indicator + tussenkomst op het land + + + + @@ -26281,39 +45964,49 @@ sociale geneeskunde + + + sociaal gedrag + sociale beweging + sociale participatie + sociaal beleid + beryllium + sociaal probleem + sociale proces + @@ -26322,21 +46015,25 @@ sociale hulpverlening + sociale verzekering + sociale dienst(verlening) + sociale structuur + @@ -26344,29 +46041,37 @@ sociologisch onderzoek + sociaal systeem + bèta-straling + sociale waarde + + welzijn + + gemeenschap + @@ -26381,32 +46086,45 @@ socio-economische kant van menselijke nederzettingen + + + socio-economische factor + + socio-economisch effect van biotechnologie + + + drankenindustrie + + sociologisch onderzoek + sociologie + + @@ -26414,6 +46132,7 @@ sociopolitiek aspect + @@ -26422,25 +46141,33 @@ ontharden + + + drank + weekmaker + + software + bodem + @@ -26458,25 +46185,36 @@ bodemverzuring + + + bodemlucht + bodemanalyse + + + bodembiologie + + + bodemcapaciteit + @@ -26484,37 +46222,52 @@ bodemchemie + + + bodemverdichting + bodemgesteldheid + bodembehoud + + bodembehoudswetgeving + + + schade aan de bodem + bodemsanering + + + bodemdegradatie + @@ -26522,20 +46275,27 @@ bodemerosie + + bibliografie + bodemvruchtbaarheid + + bodembemesting + + @@ -26543,36 +46303,51 @@ bodemvorming + + grondverbetering + + bodemlaag + gronddruk + + bodemkaart + + bodemmechanica + + bodemmineralogie + + + bodemvocht + @@ -26580,24 +46355,32 @@ bodemvochthuishouding + bodemorganisme + + bodemvervuiler + + fiets + bodemverontreiniging + + @@ -26605,6 +46388,7 @@ bodemproces + @@ -26618,6 +46402,7 @@ bodemprofiel + @@ -26625,19 +46410,27 @@ bodemkwaliteit + + bodemschatten + + bodemverzilting + + bodemkunde + + @@ -26646,34 +46439,45 @@ inklinking + grondverharding + bodemstructuur + bodemdaling + + + bovenafdichting + + + bodemtextuur + grondsoort + @@ -26681,31 +46485,40 @@ akten + bodemgebruik + + (diep) grondwater + zonnecel + + zonnecollector + + zonne-energie + @@ -26713,21 +46526,30 @@ zonne-energietechnologie + + zon(ne)verwarming + + zonnekrachtcentrale + + + zonnestraling + + @@ -26735,10 +46557,12 @@ vaste stof + vaste vorm + @@ -26746,19 +46570,24 @@ bilaterale overeenkomst + vaste afval + vaste afvalstort + oplosbaarheid + + @@ -26766,28 +46595,47 @@ oplosmiddel + + terugwinning van oplosmiddelen + + + + + zangvogel + supersone knal + + + roet + + + sorptie + + + + + @@ -26796,6 +46644,7 @@ geluid + @@ -26805,81 +46654,107 @@ geluidsemissie + + geluidsimmissie + + geluidssterkte + geluidsmeting + ruimolie + + + geluiddicht maken + geluidsvoortplanting + geluidsoverdracht + Zuid-Amerika + Zuidelijke Atlantische Oceaan + Zuid-Oost Azië + ruimwater + + + Zuidelijk Afrika + Zuidelijk Azië + Zuidelijke Stille Oceaan + (interplanetaire) ruimte + vervoer door de (interplanetaire) ruimte + + ruimtevaart + + @@ -26887,39 +46762,52 @@ ruimte-afval + + spasmodische kroep + beweeglijkheid door de ruimte + + speciale vergunning + specialisatie (biologisch) + bijzondere wet + bio-accumulatie + + + bijzonder afval + + @@ -26928,6 +46816,7 @@ soort + @@ -26941,70 +46830,104 @@ bescherming soorten + + programma voor het behoud van soorten + + soortverarming + herinvoering van soorten + + spectroscopie + + + + snelheid + + + snelheidsgrens + spinnen + verlaten voertuig + + bio-accumulatieve verontreinigende stof + + gemorste hoeveelheid + + + stortplaats van uitgegraven grond + + + + sponzen + sport + + + + sportvoorziening + + @@ -27012,55 +46935,77 @@ spuitbus + biobeschikbaarheid + spuitasbest + + + bron + bronwater + spuiten + + plein + + + onwettelijke vestiging + + + bezinkingsvijver + + stal + + + buis + norm + @@ -27073,25 +47018,34 @@ standaardisering + bouwnorm + + basisvoeding + + zetmeel + + + staat + @@ -27100,26 +47054,36 @@ allernieuwst + + gegevens over de toestand van het milieu + + milieurapport + + biochemische methode + + toestand waarin afval verkeert + toestand waarin stof verkeert + @@ -27128,17 +47092,22 @@ station + + + statistische analyse + statistische gegevens + @@ -27148,6 +47117,7 @@ statistiek + @@ -27159,11 +47129,18 @@ afvalstatistieken + + + + ontwikkelingsgraad + + + @@ -27171,82 +47148,116 @@ voorgeschreven verjaring(stermijn) + publiekrechtelijk bedrijfsorgaan + aanhoudend geluid + + stoomgenerator + + staal + + staalnijverheid + steriliseren + + + + steroïde + stimuleringsfonds + + stam + soorten met aanpassingsvermogen + beheer van aandelenkapitaal + inventarisatie + + steen + + + stuwdam + + storm + + + stormschade + + + + biochemische processen + @@ -27257,24 +47268,37 @@ kachel + + + gelaagdheid + + + + stratosfeer + + afbraak van stratosferische ozon + + + biochemische stoffen + @@ -27290,64 +47314,91 @@ meting van de stroming + straatreiniging + + + + materiaalsterkte + spanning + + + dagbouw + + strontium + structureel herstelprogramma + structuur-activiteitsrelatie + + + + contactgeluid + biochemie + + structuurplan + + + morfologie van de zeebodem + onderzees + biocide + + @@ -27358,147 +47409,209 @@ volgende rangorde + (grond)verzakking + + subsidie + + ondergrond + afwatering van de ondergrond + + vervangbaarheid + + + + vervanging van halogeenverbindingen + + + + fosfaatvervanging + + substraatteelt + subtropisch ecosysteem + + bioclimatologie + + + buitenwijk + + + suiker + + suikerindustrie + + + bioc(o)enose + sulfaten + sulfide + zwavel + bioconcentratie factor + + + zwavelgehalte + + + zwaveldioxide + + zwavelzuur + zwaveloxide + natuurlijke afbreekbaarheid + + bouwtoezicht + + toezicht houden op installaties + + toezichthoudend orgaan + aanbod + + agens dat inwerkt op de oppervlakte + + afwatering van de oppervlakte + + grensvlakspanning + oppervlaktebehandeling + oppervlaktewater + @@ -27513,23 +47626,31 @@ natuurlijk afbreekbare verontreinigende stof + + chirurgisch (operatie-)afval + + overschot + toezicht + enquête + + @@ -27538,6 +47659,8 @@ duurzame ontwikkeling + + @@ -27548,10 +47671,14 @@ duurzame ontwikkelingsindicator + duurzaam gebruik + + + @@ -27559,22 +47686,28 @@ moeras + zoetstof + + symbiose + natuurlijke afbraak + + @@ -27583,6 +47716,8 @@ synecologie + + @@ -27598,25 +47733,35 @@ synergisme + + + + synergetisch effect van giftige stoffen + + synthetisch detergent + kunstvezelindustrie + + biodiversiteit + @@ -27627,90 +47772,123 @@ kunststof + kunststofverwerkende industrie + + kunstvezel + systeemanalyse + systeemvergelijking + + systeemtheorie + + het verzamelen van bewijzen + tankauto + tankschip + + olie-opslagterrein + + looistof + + teer + + + doelgroep + + aanpassingsperiode + bio-ethiek + + + tarief + + + teerproductie + teer zand + teergebruik + belasting + @@ -27719,6 +47897,7 @@ belasting (heffen op) + @@ -27728,18 +47907,23 @@ heffingsonderscheid + belastingwet + + taxonomie + onderwijs + @@ -27747,19 +47931,29 @@ biogas + + + + + onderwijsmethode + TRGS + + biogeochemische cyclus + + @@ -27768,6 +47962,8 @@ technologische verandering + + @@ -27775,10 +47971,13 @@ technologische ontwikkeling + + technologisch gevaar + @@ -27787,11 +47986,13 @@ technologisch proces + technologie + @@ -27808,114 +48009,160 @@ biogeochemie + technologie-aanvaarding + + technologiebeoordeling + + technologie-overdracht + + + + tektoniek + + telecommunicatie + + biogeografische gebieden + telematica + telemetrie + + televisie + + biogeografie + + + gematigd ecosysteem + + bos in de gematigde klimaatzone + + woudgebied in de gematigde klimaatzone + + temperatuur + + tijdelijke bewoning + tijdelijke schuilplaats + tijdelijke opslag + + + teratogenese + controle op teratogenese + teratogeniteit + + teratogeen + + + terminologie + + termieten + terrestrisch gebied + @@ -27937,10 +48184,13 @@ biologische bodem(hulp)bronnen + ecosysteem van de bodem + + @@ -27962,27 +48212,35 @@ biologische activiteit + politiek van een grondgebied + chemische toevoeging + grondgebied + + tertiaire sector + + test + @@ -27995,21 +48253,26 @@ proefdier + + biologische analyse + richtlijn voor proeven + testmethode + @@ -28024,59 +48287,84 @@ testorganisme + + biologische eigenschap + textielindustrie + + textiel + thallium + geldtheorie + theorie van de verzorgingsstaat + + + therapie + warmte-isolatie + warmteverontreiniging + + + + warmtecentrale + + + warmte-energie uit de zee + + warmtebehandeling + + + @@ -28084,49 +48372,74 @@ warm water + + thermodynamica + + + thermoselect proces + + + + thesaurus + biologische ontwikkeling + grenswaarde + + + + + getijde-energie + + + getijwater + + tij + + houtindustrie + + @@ -28134,11 +48447,15 @@ tijd + + + biologisch effect + @@ -28149,11 +48466,14 @@ tin + weefsel + + @@ -28161,45 +48481,65 @@ titaan + titaandioxide + padden + tabak + + tabaksrook + biotechnologie + + + tornado + + + schildpad + totale parameter + + + + toerisme + + + @@ -28214,6 +48554,8 @@ toeristenvoorziening + + @@ -28228,15 +48570,24 @@ toeristisch gebied + + giftig effect + + + + giftigheid + + + @@ -28251,34 +48602,50 @@ giftigheid van bestrijdingsmiddelen + giftig metaal + + giftigheidsboordeling + + + + giftigheidsonderzoek + + vergiftenleer + + giftig product + + + giftige stof + + @@ -28286,36 +48653,48 @@ giftig afval + + + + giftige stof + + sporenelementen + sporenmateriaal + Tracheophyta + bio-indicator + volgplan + handel + @@ -28337,54 +48716,75 @@ verhandelbare (emissie) rechten + + + handel en verbruik + + + handelsbarrière + + handel (economisch) + + effect van handel op het milieu + handelsbeleid + vak + + handelsrelaties + + + handelsbeperking + + vakbond + traditionele cultuur + @@ -28393,10 +48793,12 @@ traditionele gezondheidszorg + verkeer + @@ -28417,21 +48819,31 @@ verkeersongeval + + verkeerscontrole + + + verkeersvoorziening + + uitstoot door het verkeer + + + @@ -28439,11 +48851,16 @@ verkeerstechniek + + verkeersinfrastructuur + + + @@ -28464,25 +48881,37 @@ verkeersopstopping + verkeersmeting + + verkeerslawaai + + + beheersing van het verkeerslawaai + + + + waterverkeer + + @@ -28493,20 +48922,28 @@ verkeersroute + + + aanvullende verpakking + + + trein + opleiding + @@ -28514,11 +48951,19 @@ opleidingscentrum + + + bio-monitoring + + + + + @@ -28527,30 +48972,39 @@ te volgen (of gevolgde) weg + + biologische stikstoffixatie + grensoverschrijdende vervuiling + + + overgangsregeling + tijdelijke vestiging + overgangselementen + @@ -28569,28 +49023,42 @@ het zweten + vervoersbedrijf + + + vervoer per pijpleiding + + + + vervoersbeleid + + + biologische bestrijding + vervoer + + @@ -28608,6 +49076,9 @@ vervoersplanning + + + @@ -28615,17 +49086,24 @@ biologische verontreiniger + + overbrenging + + + + vervoerssysteem + @@ -28633,32 +49111,45 @@ het in klemmen vangen + + + reizen + + reiskosten + + + biologische verontreiniging + + verdrag + boom + + @@ -28671,10 +49162,13 @@ boomkwekerij + + biologische processen + @@ -28695,6 +49189,7 @@ trend + @@ -28705,28 +49200,37 @@ triazine + druppelsgewijze bevloeiing + de drie principes van milieubeleid + + biologische productie + tritium + trofisch peil + + + @@ -28735,97 +49239,145 @@ tropisch ecosysteem + + ecosyteem van het tropisch woud + + tropisch bos + + tropisch regenwoud + + + tropen + + troposfeer + + troposferisch ozon + + + toevoeging van een polymeer + hoofdweg + + tumor + toendra + + tunnel + + troebelheid + + + turbine + + + tussendektanker + + schip met dubbele romp + + + + tweetaktmotor + + + soort bedrijf + + soort aanspraak + soort bedrijfsvoering + + tyfoon + + biologische (hulp)bronnen + + @@ -28836,64 +49388,92 @@ band + ultrafiltratie + + + + ultrageluid + ultraviolette straling + + VN-Conferentie over Milieu en Ontwikkeling + ongecontroleerde storting + + + afsluiting van de onderlaag van een afvalstortplaats + + + + ondergrondse opslag + + metro + + kansarmen + onderneming + + onderwater uitlaat + + werkloosheid + + hoefdieren + @@ -28903,37 +49483,55 @@ Verenigde Naties + biologische zuivering van overtollig gas + + loodvrije benzine + + + + + niet verontreinigde deel van de atmosfeer + + onbehandeld water + + opvoeding + + + Eerste Kamer + biologische afvalverwerking + + @@ -28941,11 +49539,14 @@ uranium + stedelijk actieplan + + @@ -28953,6 +49554,7 @@ stedelijk gebied + @@ -28962,25 +49564,37 @@ additief + + biologische wapen + + stadsverval + + stedelijke vormgeving + + + stadsontwikkeling + + + @@ -28997,14 +49611,21 @@ stedelijke ontwikkelingswet + + stedelijk ecosysteem + + + biologie + + @@ -29023,14 +49644,22 @@ stadsvoorziening + + stedelijke stromen (hulpbronnen) + + + + stedelijk groen + + @@ -29038,22 +49667,34 @@ bioluminiscentie + + verstedelijking + + stadslandschap + + stedelijk beheer + + stedelijke planning + + + + @@ -29062,6 +49703,7 @@ biomassa + @@ -29076,6 +49718,8 @@ stedelijk beleid + + @@ -29084,23 +49728,36 @@ stadsvervuiling + + stedelijke bevolking + + stadsvernieuwing + + + stadsreiniging + + stadsvestiging + + + + @@ -29114,10 +49771,16 @@ stadsdruk + + + stadsstructuur + + + @@ -29125,10 +49788,17 @@ stadsonderzoek + + stadsverkeer + + + + + @@ -29136,6 +49806,9 @@ biomassa-energie + + + @@ -29145,42 +49818,62 @@ stadswater + + stedelijke watervoorziening + Ursidae + oude banden + + vrijetijdsbesteding + + gebruikersvoordeel + gebruik van het warmtegevend vermogen + gebruik vanplaatselijke grondstoffen + gebruik van insektenbestrijdingsmiddelen + + + + + + gebruik van (natuurlijke) hulpbronnen + + + @@ -29196,96 +49889,135 @@ biofysica + + + onbepaald rechtsbegrip + dal + + bioreactor + + + + belangrijk bestanddeel van het ecosysteem + + vanadium + vandalisme + verdwenen soort + + dampspanning + + + lak + bioritme + (mensen)ziekteoverbrengers + + plantendek + + groenteteelt + bioveiligheid + + plantenecologie + + plantenselectie + plantaardige olie + + + voortplanting van planten + + plantaardige hulpbronnen + + biosfeer + @@ -29295,12 +50027,16 @@ groente + + plantaardig afval + + @@ -29308,6 +50044,7 @@ plantegroei + @@ -29316,11 +50053,13 @@ soort plantegroei + voertuig + @@ -29336,36 +50075,51 @@ uitlaatgas voertuig + + + voertuiginspectie + + autoindustrie + + + reserve van de biosfeer + + + luchtverversing + + ongedierte + gewervelde dieren + @@ -29377,6 +50131,8 @@ biosynthese + + @@ -29384,45 +50140,66 @@ diergeneeskunde + + viaduct + + trillingen + video + dorp + + + vinasse + + + virologie + + + virussen + + viscositeit + + biotechnologie + + @@ -29434,64 +50211,89 @@ vitaminen + + wijnbouw + biotische factor + woordenlijst + beroepsopleiding + vluchtige organische verbinding + + vluchtigheid + + + vulkanisch gebied + + + + vulkaanuitbarsting + + kleefstof + + vulkanisme + vulkaan + + + inkomsten uit afval(herwerking) + + @@ -29500,6 +50302,8 @@ biotoop + + @@ -29508,55 +50312,76 @@ vrijwilligerswerk + vulcaniseren + kwetsbare soort + + Waddenzee + + + biotoopnetwerk + + + loonstelsel + + muur + oorlog + + biotoopbescherming + + + warmbloedig dier + waarschuwingsplan + alarmsysteem + @@ -29564,21 +50389,29 @@ verspilling + + soorten afval + + afvoerlucht + + zuivering van rookgassen + + @@ -29586,26 +50419,36 @@ afvalanalyse + + vermogen om afval te op te nemen + + + afvalbalans + + + afvalbak + afvalcategorie + @@ -29671,18 +50514,25 @@ + afvalheffing + + afvalclassificatie + + afvalinzameling + + @@ -29690,24 +50540,34 @@ afvalinzameling bij de bron + + samenstelling van afval + afvalomzettingstechniek + + afvalontgassing + + afvalverwerking + + + @@ -29725,35 +50585,56 @@ afvalverwerkingswet + + + afvalverwerkingkost + + storten van afval in de bodem + afvalverwerkingsheffing + + afvalstortplaats + + + storten van afval + + + uitwisseling van afval + + + uitvoer van afval + + + + @@ -29762,6 +50643,10 @@ warmte- en krachtcentrale op basis van afval + + + + @@ -29769,14 +50654,24 @@ warmtecentrale op basis van afval + + + + krachtcentrale op basis van afval + + + + uitlaatgas + + @@ -29788,6 +50683,8 @@ uitstoot van (uitlaat)gassen + + @@ -29805,25 +50702,39 @@ onderzoek aan uitgestoten gassen + + + vermindering van de gasuitstoot + + + glasafval + + gipsafval + + afvalwarmte + + + + @@ -29831,26 +50742,44 @@ afvalwarmteheffing + + + + + gebruik van afvalwarmte + + + afvalinvoervergunning + + + afvalverbrandingsinstallatie + + + + + afvalwetgeving + + @@ -29859,6 +50788,9 @@ afvalbeheer + + + @@ -29877,44 +50809,61 @@ afvalbeperking + + mogelijkheid tot afvalvermindering + + afvalolie + oud papier + toelaatbare dagelijkse opname + + + afvalverwerkingsindustrie + + + hergebruik van afval + + hergebruik van afval + + + @@ -29925,37 +50874,53 @@ afvalrecycling + + afvalbeperking + + afvalverwijderingsindustrie + + + + afvalsortering + afvalopslag + + + afvaltranvervoer + + + vogels + @@ -29967,6 +50932,8 @@ afvalverwerking + + @@ -29988,11 +50955,17 @@ afvalverwerkingsfabriek + + + + afvalgebruik + + @@ -30001,10 +50974,13 @@ hoeveelheid afval + afvalwater + + @@ -30020,22 +50996,33 @@ + afvalwaterheffing + + + uitstoot van afvalwater + + vogelreservaat + + + afvalwaterverwerking + + @@ -30045,39 +51032,54 @@ industrieel afvalwater + afvalwaterwetgeving + + afvalwaterbelasting + + afvalwaterzuivering + + afvalwaterkwaliteit + + + afvalwatervermindering + roofvogel + afvalwaterslib + + + @@ -30085,10 +51087,17 @@ afvalwaterstatistieken + + + + + afvalwaterverwerking + + @@ -30113,6 +51122,9 @@ afvalwaterverwerkingsfabriek + + + @@ -30121,39 +51133,53 @@ wateranalyse + + biologische waterbalans + vogelsoorten + waterlichaam + + waterbodem + + waterwinning + waterbehoud + + waterverbruik + + + @@ -30161,6 +51187,8 @@ waterloop + + @@ -30171,11 +51199,18 @@ vraag naar water + + + + waterdistributiesysteem + + + @@ -30187,6 +51222,8 @@ bedreiging van water + + @@ -30194,69 +51231,97 @@ watererosie + wateronttrekking + + + geboortebeperking + waterval + + watervlooien + hydrologische stroming + + landbouwwater + + water voor (menselijk) gebruik + + + water voor industrieel gebruik + + watervogels + waterhardheid + + waterhyacint + waterstand + + water + + + waterbeheer + + @@ -30270,6 +51335,10 @@ watertoezicht + + + + @@ -30278,10 +51347,15 @@ watervervuiler + + + waterverontreiniging + + @@ -30295,10 +51369,15 @@ voorkomen van waterverontreiniging + + + waterbescherming + + @@ -30307,33 +51386,47 @@ richtlijn voor de waterbescherming + + waterbeschermingswetgeving + + waterpomp + bitumen + + waterzuivering + + waterzuiveringsinstallatie + + + waterkwaliteit + + @@ -30351,54 +51444,81 @@ richtlijn inzake de waterkwaliteit + + waterkwaliteitsbeheer + + beheer van de waterhoeveelheid + + waterschap + + waterbronnen + + waterbronnenbescherming + + + ontwikkeling waterbronnen + + + hergebruik van water + + + verzilting van water + + waterbesparing + + + + waterwetenschappen + + @@ -30406,6 +51526,8 @@ wateren + + @@ -30421,14 +51543,21 @@ beheer van een afwateringsgebied + + + afwateringsgebied + + ontwikkeling van de waterkant + + @@ -30438,10 +51567,16 @@ watergegevens + + + + water + + @@ -30456,6 +51591,8 @@ watervoorziening + + @@ -30467,6 +51604,8 @@ watervervoer + + @@ -30475,6 +51614,8 @@ waterzuivering + + @@ -30488,10 +51629,15 @@ watergebruik + + + waterweg + + @@ -30501,15 +51647,23 @@ waterbron + + waterleidingbedrijf + + + + golfenergie + + @@ -30517,15 +51671,19 @@ steenkool + + zeegolven + wapen + @@ -30534,6 +51692,7 @@ weer + @@ -30541,62 +51700,81 @@ weerstoestand + weersverandering + + weerswaarneming + + weersvoorspelling + + onkruid + + onkruidbestrijding + gewicht + + lassen + bron + + West-Afrika + Westelijk Aziê + Westelijk Europa + waterrijk gebied + @@ -30609,44 +51787,60 @@ ecosysteem van waterrijke gebied + + nat proces + + + blaasoven + nat-ontstoffer + + nat afval + walvissen + + walvisvangst + groothandel + + wild dier + in het wild levende planten en dieren + @@ -30656,93 +51850,132 @@ behoud van in het wild levende planten en dieren + + leefomgeving van in het wild levende planten en dieren + populatiestatistieken over in het wild levende planten en dieren + + bleekmiddel + + reservaat voor in het wild levende planten en dieren + + + verwildering + in het wild groeiende plant + bereidheid tot betalen + onderzoek naar de bereidheid tot betalen + wind + + + bleekaarde + winderosie + windmolen + + + windenergie + windkrachtcentrale + + + bleekproces + + + + vrouw + + status van de vrouw + (ruw /timmer-)hout + + + bos + + + @@ -30753,22 +51986,30 @@ bloed + + kappen van een bos + ecosysteem van bosgebeid + + houtbescherming + + houtproduct + @@ -30777,15 +52018,22 @@ houtafval + + wol + bedrijfsongeluk + + + + @@ -30793,10 +52041,14 @@ volledig ontgonnen open mijn + + arbeidsomstandigheden + + @@ -30807,22 +52059,29 @@ werktijd + + bodembewerking + + werkplek + + wereld + @@ -30841,60 +52100,81 @@ locatie dat behoort tot het wereldnatuurbezit + + afschrijven + blauwwieren + onrechtmatige daad + onrechtmatige overheidsdaad + xenobiotische stof + + + röntgenstraling + gist + opbrengst + zuigeling + + jongere + + jeugdwerk + + zink + zonering + + @@ -30902,15 +52182,22 @@ dierentuin + + + + zoölogie + + zoonosis + @@ -30919,16 +52206,23 @@ (bootje)varen + + + biochemische zuurstofverbruik + + + bestuur + @@ -30938,18 +52232,24 @@ warmwaterketel + kookpunt + + boek + + boekhouding + @@ -30960,6 +52260,7 @@ grens + @@ -30971,16 +52272,21 @@ borium + botanische tuin + + + plantkunde + @@ -30990,33 +52296,43 @@ grensoverschrijding + grenslaag + + runderachtigen + brakwater + (trage) bodemschommelingen + moedermelk + + fokken + + @@ -31029,14 +52345,18 @@ broedvogel + brouwerijnijverheid + baksteen + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/thesauri/gemet.rdf b/thesauri/gemet.rdf index adf0016..dc63261 100644 --- a/thesauri/gemet.rdf +++ b/thesauri/gemet.rdf @@ -8,136 +8,10854 @@ xmlns:dcterms="http://purl.org/dc/terms/"> GEMET - GEMET thesaurus for GeoNetwork opensource. - + GEMET version 4.1.2 thesaurus for GeoNetwork opensource. 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satisfies human wants or desires. produit de consommation - Konsumprodukt - verbruiksproduct prodotto di consumo + verbruiksproduct + Konsumprodukt + + bridge A structure that spans and provides a passage over a road, railway, river, or some other obstacle. pont - Brücke - brug ponte + brug + Brücke + + environmental administration institution A central government organization that has authority or oversight over government activity relating to the preservation and safeguarding of ecological or natural resources. organisme administratif a compétence environnementale - Umweltverwaltungsbehörde - instelling voor milieubeheer organismo amministrativo competente in materia di ambiente + instelling voor milieubeheer + Umweltverwaltungsbehörde + @@ -197,9 +10922,11 @@ health effect of noise Noise consequences on human health consist in loss of hearing and psychological effects. bruit et santé - Gesundheitliche Auswirkung des Lärms - gevolgen van lawaai op de gezondheid rumore e salute + gevolgen van lawaai op de gezondheid + Gesundheitliche Auswirkung des Lärms + + @@ -207,18 +10934,22 @@ human body The entire physical structure of an human being. corps humain - Menschlicher Körper - menselijk lichaam corpo umano + menselijk lichaam + Menschlicher Körper + + human science Group of sciences including sociology, anthropology, psychology, pedagogy, etc. as opposed to the humanistic group. sciences humaines - Humanwissenschaften - menswetenschappen scienze umane + menswetenschappen + Humanwissenschaften + + @@ -232,18 +10963,20 @@ information transfer The communication or conveyance of data or materials for the purpose of enhancing knowledge from one person, place or position to another. transfert de l'information - Informationstransfer - informatie-overdracht trasferimento dell'informazione + informatie-overdracht + Informationstransfer + juridical act Acts relating to the administration of justice. acte juridique - Rechtsakt - gerechtelijke handeling atto giuridico + gerechtelijke handeling + Rechtsakt + @@ -253,18 +10986,22 @@ meteorological research Study of meteorological elements such as wind speed and direction, air temperature and humidity, atmospheric pressure, precipitation, evaporation, solar radiation, visibility and cloud cover in order to collect data for weather forecast or for specific research purposes. recherche météorologique - Meteorologische Forschung - weerkundig onderzoek ricerche meteorologiche + weerkundig onderzoek + Meteorologische Forschung + + natural areas protection Active management of nature areas in order to ensure that wildlife is protected and the quality of its environment is maintained. protection des espaces naturels - Naturgebietschutz - bescherming van natuurgebieden protezione delle aree naturali + bescherming van natuurgebieden + Naturgebietschutz + + @@ -279,9 +11016,11 @@ natural risks prevention Precautionary measures, actions or installations implemented to avert the probability of harm to humans, property or natural resources posed by conditions or events in the environment neither initiated nor formed by human activity. prévention des risques naturels - Naturrisikoverhütung - voorkoming van natuurlijke risico's prevenzione dei rischi naturali + voorkoming van natuurlijke risico's + Naturrisikoverhütung + + @@ -289,27 +11028,33 @@ physical chemistry A science dealing with the effects of physical phenomena on chemical properties. physicochimie - Physikalische Chemie - fysische chemie chimica fisica + fysische chemie + Physikalische Chemie + + physical measurement of pollution The quantitative determination of the presence, extent or type of pollutant substances in the environment using mechanical means, including optical, electrical, acoustical and thermodynamic techniques. mesure physique de la pollution - Physikalische Messung von Verunreinigungen - fysische meting van milieuvervuiling misura fisica dell'inquinamento + fysische meting van milieuvervuiling + Physikalische Messung von Verunreinigungen + + + plant life vie végétale - Pflanzenleben - plantenleven vita vegetale + plantenleven + Pflanzenleben + @@ -318,9 +11063,10 @@ plant production production végétale - Pflanzenproduktion - plantenopbrengst produzione di piante + plantenopbrengst + Pflanzenproduktion + @@ -330,9 +11076,10 @@ pollution type type de pollution - Schadstofftyp - soort milieuverontreiniging tipo di inquinamento + soort milieuverontreiniging + Schadstofftyp + @@ -358,9 +11105,12 @@ pollution prevention Eliminating the production of hazardous wastes and greenhouse gases at their source, within the production process. This can often be achieved through a variety of relatively simple strategies, including minor changes in manufacturing processes, substitution of non-polluting products for polluting products, and simplification of packaging. Companies practicing waste reduction have saved hundreds of millions of dollars, and used it to catalyze employee involvement and eliminate the need for expensive end-of-the-pipe filtering. prévention des pollutions - Verhütung von Umweltverschmutzung - voorkomen van milieuverontreiniging prevenzione dell'inquinamento + voorkomen van milieuverontreiniging + Verhütung von Umweltverschmutzung + + + @@ -369,9 +11119,10 @@ risk management The process of evaluating and selecting alternative regulatory and non-regulatory responses to prepare for the probability of an accidental occurrence and its expected magnitude of damage, including the consideration of legal, economic and behavioral factors. gestion du risque - Risikomanagement - risicobeheer gestione del rischio + risicobeheer + Risikomanagement + @@ -380,9 +11131,10 @@ safety system A unified, coordinated assemblage or plan of procedures and devices intended to lower the occurrence or risk of injury, loss and danger to persons, property or the environment. système de sécurité - Sicherheitssystem - beveiligingsstelsel sistema di sicurezza + beveiligingsstelsel + Sicherheitssystem + @@ -392,18 +11144,23 @@ seismic engineering The study of the behavior of foundations and structures relative to seismic ground motion, and the attempt to mitigate the effect of earthquakes on structures. génie parasismique - Seismisches Ingenieurwesen - beveiliging van gebouwen tegen seismische activiteit ingegneria sismica + beveiliging van gebouwen tegen seismische activiteit + Seismisches Ingenieurwesen + + + social science The study of society and of the relationship of individual members within society, including economics, history, political science, psychology, anthropology, and sociology. sciences sociales - Sozialwissenschaften - sociale wetenschappen scienze sociali + sociale wetenschappen + Sozialwissenschaften + + @@ -414,9 +11171,11 @@ surface water management The administration or handling of water naturally open to the atmosphere (rivers, lakes, reservoirs, ponds, streams, seas, etc.). gestion des eaux superficielles - Oberflächenwasserbewirtschaftung - oppervlaktewaterbeheer sfruttamento razionale delle acque superficiali + oppervlaktewaterbeheer + Oberflächenwasserbewirtschaftung + + @@ -424,9 +11183,11 @@ wildlife protection Precautionary actions, procedures or installations undertaken to prevent or reduce harm to animals, plants and other organisms living in their natural state. protection de la faune et de la flore - Schutz der natürlichen Pflanzen- und Tierwelt - bescherming van in het wild levende planten en dieren protezione della flora e della fauna + bescherming van in het wild levende planten en dieren + Schutz der natürlichen Pflanzen- und Tierwelt + + @@ -439,9 +11200,11 @@ historic centre That part of a town or city in which the principal public and historic buildings are located. centre historique - Altstadt - geschiedkundige kern centro storico + geschiedkundige kern + Altstadt + + @@ -449,45 +11212,53 @@ promotion of trade and industry Any activity that encourages or supports the buying, selling or exchanging of goods or services with other countries, which could include marketing, diplomatic pressure or the provision of export incentives such as credits and guarantees, government subsidies, training and consultation or advice. promotion du commerce et de l'industrie - Wirtschaftsförderung - bevordering van het zakenleven promozione del commercio e dell'industria + bevordering van het zakenleven + Wirtschaftsförderung + + masonry A construction of stone or similar materials such as concrete or brick. maçonnerie - Mauerwerk - metselwerk muratura (opera muraria) + metselwerk + Mauerwerk + + bromine A pungent dark red volatile liquid element of the halogen series that occurs in brine and is used in the production of chemicals. brome - Brom - broom bromo + broom + Brom + sand flat A sandy tidal flat barren of vegetation. A tidal flat is an extensive, nearly horizontal, marshy or barren tract of land that is alternately covered and uncovered by the tide, and consisting of unconsolidated sediment (mostly mud and sand). It may form the top surface of a deltaic deposit. replat sableux - Sandwatt - zandplaat piana di sabbia + zandplaat + Sandwatt + + animal species Species belonging to the animal kingdom. espèce animale - Tierart - diersoorten specie animale + diersoorten + Tierart + @@ -497,18 +11268,20 @@ plant species Species belonging to the plant kingdom. espèce végétale - Pflanzenart - plantensoorten specie vegetale + plantensoorten + Pflanzenart + occupation profession - Beruf - beroep occupazione + beroep + Beruf + @@ -517,18 +11290,20 @@ folk tradition The common beliefs, practices, customs and other cultural elements of an ethnic or social group that are rooted in the past, but are persisting into the present due to means such as arts and crafts, songs and music, dance, foods, drama, storytelling and certain forms of oral communication. tradition populaire - Volkstradition - volkstraditie tradizioni popolari + volkstraditie + Volkstradition + law branch A subdivision of the body of principles and regulations established by a government or other authority, generally defined by its scope or application. branches du droit - Rechtsgebiet - rechtsgebied rami del diritto + rechtsgebied + Rechtsgebiet + @@ -547,9 +11322,10 @@ judicial system Entire network of courts in a particular jurisdiction. organisation judiciaire - Rechtssystem - rechtsstelsel organizzazione giudiziaria + rechtsstelsel + Rechtssystem + @@ -580,17 +11356,22 @@ chemical measurement of pollution The quantitative determination of the presence, extent or type of pollutant substances in the environment by studying the actions or reactions of known chemicals to those pollutants. méthode chimique de mesure de la pollution - Chemische Verunreinigungsmessung - het chemisch meten van vervuiling misura chimica dell'inquinamento + het chemisch meten van vervuiling + Chemische Verunreinigungsmessung + + + measuring instrument instrument de mesure - Meßinstrument - meetinstrument strumento di misura + meetinstrument + Meßinstrument + + @@ -599,36 +11380,45 @@ pollutant evolution The process of cumulative reactive change following the introduction of a pollutant into the environment. évolution des polluants - Schadstoffentwicklung - verval van verontreinigende stoffen destino dell'inquinante + verval van verontreinigende stoffen + Schadstoffentwicklung + urban noise Noise emitted from various sources in an urban environment. bruit urbain - Städtischer Lärm - stadslawaai rumore urbano + stadslawaai + Städtischer Lärm + + + + cleanliness (hygiene) The state of being clean and keeping healthy conditions. propreté - Sauberkeit - zindelijkheid [hygiëne] pulizia (igiene) + zindelijkheid [hygiëne] + Sauberkeit + + industrial environment (in general) Environment where the manifold activities connected with the production of goods and services take place. environnement industriel (généralités) - Industrieumwelt - industriële omgeving (in het algemeen) ambiente industriale (generalità) + industriële omgeving (in het algemeen) + Industrieumwelt + + @@ -637,27 +11427,32 @@ natural risk Probability of harm to human health, property or the environment posed by any aspect of the physical world other than human activity. risque naturel - Naturrisiko - natuurlijk risico rischio naturale + natuurlijk risico + Naturrisiko + natural risk analysis Analysis of the probability of occurrence, within a specific period of time in a given area, of a potentially damaging phenomenon of nature. étude des risques naturels - Naturrisikoanalyse - analyse van de natuurlijke risico's studio dei rischi naturali + analyse van de natuurlijke risico's + Naturrisikoanalyse + + + major risk The high probability that a given hazard or situation will yield a significant amount of lives lost, persons injured, damage to property , disruption of economic activity or harm to the environment; or any product of the probability of occurrence and the expected magnitude of damage beyond a maximum acceptable level. risque majeur - Hauptrisiko - grote risico grande rischio + grote risico + Hauptrisiko + @@ -665,9 +11460,11 @@ rescue system Any series of procedures and devices used by trained personnel to provide immediate assistance to persons who are in danger or injured. système de secours - Rettungssystem - reddingsstelsel sistema di soccorso + reddingsstelsel + Rettungssystem + + @@ -677,36 +11474,43 @@ crisis management The technique, practice or science of handling or controlling situations of acute difficulty, danger or instability; or the total of measures taken to provide a solution for political, economic, environmental or other similar dangers and conflicts. gestion de crise - Krisenmanagement - crisisbeheer gestione delle crisi + crisisbeheer + Krisenmanagement + tax system A co-ordinated body of methods or plan of procedures for levying compulsory charges for the purpose of raising revenue. fiscalité - Steuersystem - belastingstelsel regime fiscale + belastingstelsel + Steuersystem + concept of environment The development at any level of a general notion of the surrounding ecosystem, its foundational relationship to human life and the need to preserve its integrity. concept d'environnement - Umweltkonzept - milieubeeld concetto di ambiente + milieubeeld + Umweltkonzept + + forest ecology The science that deals with the relationship of forest trees to their environment, to one another, and to other plants and to animals in the forest. écologie forestière - Waldökologie - bosecologie ecologia forestale + bosecologie + Waldökologie + + + @@ -715,9 +11519,11 @@ scientific ecology The study of the interrelationship among living organisms and between organisms and their environment, utilizing the methods or theories of science. écologie scientifique - Wissenschaftliche Ökologie - wetenschappelijke ecologie ecologia scientifica + wetenschappelijke ecologie + Wissenschaftliche Ökologie + + @@ -739,18 +11545,24 @@ urban ecology Concept derived from biology: the city is viewed as a total environment, as a life-supporting system for the large number of people concentrated there, and within this people organize themselves and adapt to a constantly changing environment. Regarded as the same as human ecology. écologie urbaine - Stadtökologie - stadsecologie ecologia urbana + stadsecologie + Stadtökologie + + + ecozone A broad geographic area in which there are distinctive climate patterns, ocean conditions, types of landscapes and species of plants and animals. écozone - Ökozone - ecologische zone ecozona + ecologische zone + Ökozone + + + @@ -758,36 +11570,42 @@ environmental engineering Branch of engineering concerned with the environment and its proper management. The major environmental engineering disciplines regard water supply, wastewater, stormwater, solid waste, hazardous waste, noise radiology, industrial hygiene, oceanography and the like. ingéniérie de l'environnement - Umwelttechnik - milieutechniek ingegneria ambientale + milieutechniek + Umwelttechnik + palaeoecology The application of ecological concepts to fossil and sedimentary evidence to study the interactions of Earth surface, atmosphere, and biosphere in former times. paléoécologie - Paläökologie - paleo-ecologie paleoecologia + paleo-ecologie + Paläökologie + + biological heritage The inheritance and preservation of the earth's or a particular region's balanced, integrated functionality as a natural habitat, with special concern for the water resources necessary to maintain the ecosystem. patrimoine biologique - Biologisches Erbe - biologisch erfgoed patrimonio biologico + biologisch erfgoed + Biologisches Erbe + + brooding To incubate eggs or cover the young for warmth. couvaison - Brüten - broeden cova + broeden + Brüten + @@ -796,9 +11614,13 @@ 2) A specific altitude or height above a given level. 3) In surveying, the term refers to the angle between the horizontal and a point at a higher level. altitude - Höhe - hoogte altitudine + hoogte + Höhe + + + + @@ -806,63 +11628,73 @@ 1) A deep recess hollow, or nook in a cliff or steep mountainside, or a small, straight valley extending into a mountain or down a mountainside. 2) A valley or portion of lowland that penetrates into a plateau or mountain front. calanque - Einbuchtung - inham calanco + inham + Einbuchtung + canyon A long deep, relatively narrow steep-sided valley confined between lofty and precipitous walls in a plateau or mountainous area, often with a stream at the bottom; similar to, but largest than, a gorge. It is characteristic of an arid or semiarid area (such as western U.S.) where stream downcutting greatly exceeds weathering. gorge - Schlucht - kloof canyon + kloof + Schlucht + + headland (geography) A cape or promontory jutting seawards from a coastline, usually with a significant sea cliff. cap - Landspitze - landtong capo (geografia) + landtong + Landspitze + geographic circque A deep steep-walled half-bowl-like recess or hollow, variously described as horseshoe- or crescent-shaped or semi-circular in plan, situated high on the side of a mountain and commonly at the head of a glacial valley and produced by the erosive activity of a mountain glacier. It often contains a small round lake, and it may or may not be occupied by ice or snow. cirque géographique - geographisches Kar - rond plein [geografie] circo geografico + rond plein [geografie] + geographisches Kar + continent A protuberance of the earth's crustal shell, with an area of several million square miles and sufficient elevation so that much of it above sea level. continent - Kontinent - continent continente + continent + Kontinent + barrier beach An elongated sand or shingle bank which lies parallel to the coastline and is not submerged by the tide. If it is high enough to permit dune growth it is termed a barrier island. cordon littoral - Strandwall - strandwal cordone litorale + strandwal + Strandwall + + brook A small stream or rivulet, commonly swiftly flowing in rugged terrain, of lesser length and volume than a creek; especially a stream that issues directly from the ground, as from a spring or seep, or that is produced by heavy rainfall or melting snow. ruisseau - Bach - beek ruscello + beek + Bach + + @@ -870,9 +11702,11 @@ creek A narrow inlet or bay, especially of the sea. crique - Bach - kreek insenatura + kreek + Bach + + @@ -880,45 +11714,55 @@ fault A fracture or a zone of fractures along which there has been displacement of the sides relative to one another parallel to the fracture. faille - Verwerfung - breuk faglia + breuk + Verwerfung + + cliff A steep coastal declivity which may or may not be precipitous, the slope angle being dependent partly on the jointing, bedding and hardness of the materials from which the cliff has been formed, and partly on the erosional processes at work. Where wave attack is dominant the cliff-foot will be rapidly eroded and cliff retreat will take place, especially in unconsolidated materials such as clays, sands, etc., frequently leaving behind an abrasion platform at the foot of the cliff. falaise - Klippe - klif falesia + klif + Klippe + + open sea The high seas lying outside the exclusive economic zones of states. All states have equal rights to navigate, to overfly, to lay submarine cables, to construct artificial islands, to fish, and to conduct scientific research within the high seas. haute mer - Hochsee - open zee alto mare + open zee + Hochsee + coral reef lagoon A coastal stretch of shallow saltwater virtually cut off from the open sea by a coral reef. lagon - Lagune innerhalb von Korallenriffen - koraalriflagune laguna di barriera corallina + koraalriflagune + Lagune innerhalb von Korallenriffen + + river bed The channel containing or formerly containing the water of a river. lit de cours d'eau - Flußbett - rivierbedding alveo fluviale + rivierbedding + Flußbett + + + @@ -926,9 +11770,10 @@ physical environment The material surroundings of a system, process or organism. environnement physique - Physische Umwelt - fysisch milieu ambiente fisico + fysisch milieu + Physische Umwelt + @@ -936,36 +11781,46 @@ alluvial plain A level or gently sloping tract or a slightly undulating land surface produced by extensive deposition of alluvium, usually adjacent to a river that periodically overflows its banks; it may be situated on a flood plain, a delta, or an alluvial fan. plaine alluviale - Flußmarsch - alluviale vlakte pianura alluvionale + alluviale vlakte + Flußmarsch + + + barrier reef An elongated accumulation of coral lying at low-tide level parallel to the coast but separated from it by a wide and deep lagoon or strait. The coral is thought to have formed initially on a flat surface: then as the sea-level rose in post-glacial times, thereby submerging the irregular wave-cut platform, the coral growth kept pace with the rising ocean level, so creating the great thickness witnessed today in such places as the Great Barrier Reef off the East coast of Queensland, Australia. This stretches for more than 1900 km and varies in width from about 30 km to 150 km. récif barrière - Barriereriff - barrièrerif barriera di scogli + barrièrerif + Barriereriff + + relief (land) The physical shape, configuration or general unevenness of a part of the Earth's surface, considered with reference to variation of height and slope or to irregularities of the land surface; the elevation or difference in elevation, considered collectively, of a land surface. relief - Relief - reliëf rilievo + reliëf + Relief + biotope order An ordinance or decree regarding an area of ecological habitat that is characterized by a high degree of uniformity in its environmental conditions and in its distribution of plants and animals. ordonnance des biotopes - Biotopordnung - biotooporde ordinanza relativa a un biotopo + biotooporde + Biotopordnung + + + + @@ -973,17 +11828,20 @@ sensitive natural area Terrestrial or aquatic area or other fragile natural setting with unique or highly-valued environmental features. espace naturel sensible - Empfindliche Naturlandschaft - gevoelig natuurgebied area naturale sensibile + gevoelig natuurgebied + Empfindliche Naturlandschaft + + environmental analysis étude de milieu - Umweltanalyse - milieuanalyse studio dell'ambiente + milieuanalyse + Umweltanalyse + @@ -994,36 +11852,43 @@ abiotic environment The non-living components of the environment (rocks, minerals, soil, water and climate). milieu abiotique - Abiotische Umwelt - abiotische omgeving ambiente abiotico + abiotische omgeving + Abiotische Umwelt + aquatic environment Waters, including wetlands, that serve as habitat for interrelated and interacting communities and populations of plants and animals. milieu aquatique - Aquatische Umwelt - waterig milieu ambiente acquatico + waterig milieu + Aquatische Umwelt + + sensitive environment Any parcel of land, large or small, under public or private control, that already has, or with remedial action could achieve, desirable environmental attributes. These attributes contribute to the retention and/or creation of wildlife habitat, soils stability, water retention or recharge, vegetative cover, and similar vital ecological functions. Environmentally sensitive areas range in size from small patches to extensive landscape features. They can include rare or common habitats, plants and animals. milieu sensible - Empfindliche Umwelt - gevoelige omgeving ambiente sensibile + gevoelige omgeving + Empfindliche Umwelt + + terrestrial environment The continental as distinct from the marine and atmospheric environments. It is the environment in which terrestrial organisms live. milieu terrestre - Terrestrische Umwelt - landomgeving ambiente terrestre + landomgeving + Terrestrische Umwelt + + @@ -1031,18 +11896,22 @@ marine park A permanent reservation on the seabed for the conservation of species. parc marin - Meerespark - marien park parco marino + marien park + Meerespark + + brushwood Woody vegetation including shrubs and scrub trees of non-commercial height and form, often seen in the initial stages of succession following a disturbance. Brush often grows in very dense thickets that are impenetrable to wild animals and serve to suppress the growth of more desirable crop trees. However, brush can also serve an important function as desirable habitat for a range or bird, animal, and invertebrate species, and often provides a good source of browse and cover for larger wildlife. It adds structural diversity within the forest and is important in riparian zones. It is also termed scrub. broussaille - Unterholz - ruigte sottobosco + ruigte + Unterholz + + @@ -1051,18 +11920,22 @@ regional natural park A park operated and managed by a region. parc naturel régional - Regionaler Naturpark - gewestelijk natuurpark parco naturale regionale + gewestelijk natuurpark + Regionaler Naturpark + + reserve Any area of land or water that has been set aside for a special purpose, often to prevent or reduce harm to its wildlife and ecosystems. réserve - Reservat - reservaat riserva + reservaat + Reservat + + @@ -1075,45 +11948,56 @@ state biological reserve An area of land and/or of water designated as having protected status for purposes of preserving certain biological features. Reserves are managed primarily to safeguard these features and provide opportunities for research into the problems underlying the management of natural sites and of vegetation and animal populations. Regulations are normally imposed controlling public access and disturbance. réserve biologique gouvernementale - Staatliches biologisches Schutzgebiet - natuurreservaat van de staat riserva biologica demaniale + natuurreservaat van de staat + Staatliches biologisches Schutzgebiet + + + forest biological reserve Forest areas which are protected and guarded from deforestation because of the fragility of its ecosystems, and because they provide habitats for hundreds of species of plants and animals. réserve biologique forestière - Biologisches Forstreservat - biologisch bosreservaat riserva biologica forestale + biologisch bosreservaat + Biologisches Forstreservat + + + voluntary natural reserve Area of national interest which is protected under the responsibility of its owner in order to safeguard wildlife, archeological and geological sites. réserve naturelle volontaire - Freiwilliges Naturreservat - vrijwillig natuurreservaat riserva naturale volontaria + vrijwillig natuurreservaat + Freiwilliges Naturreservat + + central park area The core area of a park or of a reserve where there can be no interference with the natural ecosystem. zone centrale de parc - Zentraler Parkbereich - afgesloten natuurgebied zona centrale del parco + afgesloten natuurgebied + Zentraler Parkbereich + protected marine zone Sea area where marine wildlife is protected. zone marine protégée - Meeresschutzgebiet - beschermd marien gebied zona marina protetta + beschermd marien gebied + Meeresschutzgebiet + + @@ -1123,61 +12007,76 @@ peripheral park area A zone of the park where scientific research is allowed. Beyond this there is a buffer zone which protects the whole reserve from agricultural, industrial and urban development. zone périphérique de parc - Parkrandgebiet - groene zoom zona periferica del parco + groene zoom + Parkrandgebiet + alignment The selection and detailed layout of public transport routes in the light of construction, operation, service, technology, and economic criteria. alignement - Trassierung - (rooi)lijn tracciamento + (rooi)lijn + Trassierung + + + bocage The wooded countryside characteristic of northern France, with small irregular-shaped fields and many hedges and copses. In the French language the word bocage refers both to the hedge itself and to a landscape consisting of hedges. Bocage landscapes usually have a slightly rolling landform, and are found mainly in maritime climates. Being a small-scale, enclosed landscape, the bocage offers much variations in biotopes, with habitats for birds, small mammals, amphibians, reptiles and butterflies. bocage - Boskett - coulisselandschap bocage + coulisselandschap + Boskett + French formal garden jardin à la française - Französischer Garten - Franse tuin giardino alla francese + Franse tuin + Französischer Garten + + + English garden A plot of ground consisting of an orderly and balanced arrangement of masses of flowers, shrubs and trees, following British traditions or style. jardin à l'anglaise - Englischer Garten - Engelse tuin giardino all'inglese + Engelse tuin + Englischer Garten + + + terraced garden jardin en terrasses - Terassenförmiger Garten - terrastuin giardino a terrazza + terrastuin + Terassenförmiger Garten + + + bryophyte Any plant of the division Bryophyta, having stems and leaves but lacking true vascular tissue and roots and reproducing by spores: includes the mosses and liverworts. bryophites - Bryophyten - mossen briofite + mossen + Bryophyten + @@ -1185,17 +12084,21 @@ terraced landscape Landscape resulting from the method of cultivating land by cutting terraces or benches into slopes to create areas of flat land. The practice is common in mountainous areas where land is scarce and rainfall uncertain. paysage en terrasses - Terassenförmige Landschaft - terraslandschap paesaggio a terrazze + terraslandschap + Terassenförmige Landschaft + + mountain protection protection de la montagne - Bergschutz - bergbescherming protezione della montagna + bergbescherming + Bergschutz + + @@ -1204,18 +12107,23 @@ site protection Precautionary actions, procedures or installations undertaken to prevent or reduce harm to the environmental integrity of a physical area or location. protection des sites - Flächenschutz - plaatsbescherming protezione dei siti + plaatsbescherming + Flächenschutz + + coast protection A form of environmental management designed to allay the progressive degradation of the land by coastal erosion processes. Sea defence works can be undertaken to protect the land from erosion and encroachment by the sea and against flooding. These involve engineering solutions such as groynes, sea walls, bulkheads, revetments and breakwaters. protection du littoral - Küstenschutz - kustbescherming protezione delle coste + kustbescherming + Küstenschutz + + + @@ -1224,36 +12132,45 @@ bubble policy (emissions trading) EPA policy that allows a plant complex with several facilities to decrease pollution from some facilities while increasing it from others, so long as total results are equal to or better than previous limits. Facilities where this is done are treated as if they exist in a bubble in which total emissions are averaged out. politique de la "bulle" (permis d'émissions négociables) - Glockenpolitik - koepelbeleid (verhandelbare emissierechten) politica della bolla (commercio delle emissioni industriali) + koepelbeleid (verhandelbare emissierechten) + Glockenpolitik + + + site rehabilitation The restoration of the ecological quality of an area or location. restauration de site - Flächensanierung - plaatsherstel ripristino di sito d'interesse + plaatsherstel + Flächensanierung + + classified site Site which is declared protected because of its natural, landscape, artistic or archeological features in order to guarantee its conservation, maintenance and restoration. site classé - Nichtöffentlicher Bereich - geclassificeerde plaats sito d'interesse classificato + geclassificeerde plaats + Nichtöffentlicher Bereich + + registered site Area which is officially registered because of its unique features; a description is provided concerning its location, size, latitude, longitude, orientation, elevation, boundaries, wildlife, hydrological and soil characteristics, etc. site inscrit - Genehmigter Standort - geregistreerde plaats sito d'interesse registrato + geregistreerde plaats + Genehmigter Standort + + @@ -1261,9 +12178,10 @@ budget A balance sheet or statement of estimated receipts and expenditures. A plan for the coordination of resource and expenditures. The amount of money that is available for, required for, or assigned to a particular purpose. budget - Budget - begroting bilancio preventivo + begroting + Budget + @@ -1271,27 +12189,33 @@ urban ecology charter A graphic representation of a city area or other densely populated region, portraying the location of groups or select types of people in their environment through various geographic techniques. charte d'écologie urbaine - Stadtökologieprogramm - handvest van de stadsecologie carta di ecologia urbana + handvest van de stadsecologie + Stadtökologieprogramm + + + environmental citizenship The state, character or behavior of a person viewed as a member of the ecosystem with attendant rights and responsibilities, especially the responsibility to maintain ecological integrity and the right to exist in a healthy environment. écocitoyenneté - Umweltbürgerschaft - milieubewust gedrag ecocittadinanza + milieubewust gedrag + Umweltbürgerschaft + integrated management Unified, combined and coordinated management of environmental problems which correlates relevant organisations, groups, individuals and disciplines by bringing the parts together for a complete approach. gestion intégrée - Integriertes Management - geïntegreerd bedrijfsbeheer gestione integrata + geïntegreerd bedrijfsbeheer + Integriertes Management + + @@ -1299,27 +12223,31 @@ sponsorship A person, firm, organization, etc. that provides or pledges money for an undertaking or event. mécénat - Sponsoring - sponsorschap sponsorizzazione + sponsorschap + Sponsoring + municipal environment plan A formulated or systematic method for the management of a city or town's natural or ecological resources. plan municipal d'environnement - Städtischer Umweltplan - gemeentelijk milieuplan piano municipale per l'ambiente + gemeentelijk milieuplan + Städtischer Umweltplan + + public awareness campaign An organized, systematic effort through various communications media to alert the general population of a given area to anything of significant interest or concern. sensibilisation du public - Öffentlichkeitskampagne - bewustmakingscampagne sensibilizzazione del pubblico + bewustmakingscampagne + Öffentlichkeitskampagne + @@ -1327,18 +12255,20 @@ bug Any of the suborder Heteroctera, having piercing and sucking mouthparts, specialized as a beak. punaise - Wanze - wantsen cimici + wantsen + Wanze + building Something built with a roof and walls, such as a house or factory. bâtiment - Gebäude - gebouw edificio + gebouw + Gebäude + @@ -1356,9 +12286,10 @@ administrative competence The skill, knowledge, qualification, capacity or authority to manage or direct the affairs of a public or private office, business or organization. compétence administrative - Verwaltungskompetenz - bestuursbevoegdheid competenza amministrativa + bestuursbevoegdheid + Verwaltungskompetenz + @@ -1373,9 +12304,11 @@ migratory fish Fishes that migrate in a body, often between breeding places and winter feeding grounds. poisson migrateur - Wanderfisch - trekkende vissen pesce migratore + trekkende vissen + Wanderfisch + + @@ -1383,18 +12316,23 @@ building area Land and other places on, under, in or through which the temporary and permanent works are to be executed and any other lands or places needed for the purposes of construction. zone construite - Baugebiet - bouwterrein area edificabile + bouwterrein + Baugebiet + + + + building component A building element which uses industrial products that are manufactured as independent until capable of being joined with other elements. composant préfabriqué (bâtiment) - Bauelemente - (ge)bouwonderdeel parti di un edificio + (ge)bouwonderdeel + Bauelemente + @@ -1406,18 +12344,22 @@ felid Predatory mammal, including cats, lions, leopards, tigers, jaguars, and cheetahs, typically having a round head and retractile claws. félidé - Katzentiere - katachtigen felidi + katachtigen + Katzentiere + building industry The art and technique of building houses. industrie du bâtiment - Bauwirtschaft - bouw industria delle costruzioni + bouw + Bauwirtschaft + + + @@ -1425,9 +12367,13 @@ building land Area of land suitable for building on. zone constructible - Bauland - bouwgrond terreno fabbricabile + bouwgrond + Bauland + + + + @@ -1437,9 +12383,11 @@ building material Any material used in construction, such as steel, concrete, brick, masonry, glass, wood, etc. matériau de construction - Baustoff - bouwmateriaal materiale da costruzione + bouwmateriaal + Baustoff + + @@ -1462,9 +12410,11 @@ marine mammal Mammals which have adapted to live in the sea, such as whales, dolphins, porpoises, etc. mammifère marin - Meeressäugetier - marien zoogdier mammifero marino + marien zoogdier + Meeressäugetier + + @@ -1472,9 +12422,12 @@ building materials industry industrie des matériaux de construction - Baustoffindustrie - bouwmaterialenindustrie industria dei materiali edili + bouwmaterialenindustrie + Baustoffindustrie + + + @@ -1483,18 +12436,22 @@ ovine Horned ruminant mammals raised in many breeds for wool, edible flesh, or skin. ovidé - Ovine - schaapachtigen ovini + schaapachtigen + Ovine + building planning The activity of designing, organizing or preparing for future construction or reconstruction of edifices and facilities. planification de la construction - Bauleitplanung - bouwplanning pianificazione edilizia + bouwplanning + Bauleitplanung + + + @@ -1503,9 +12460,11 @@ building regulation réglementation du bâtiment - Bauvorschrift - bouwvoorschrift disposizioni in materia di l'edilizia + bouwvoorschrift + Bauvorschrift + + @@ -1513,45 +12472,58 @@ shelter Cover or protection, as from weather or danger; place of refuge. abri - Unterschlupf - schuilplaats riparo + schuilplaats + Unterschlupf + + + nesting area A place where birds gather to lay eggs. aire de nidification - Nistgebiet - nestgebied area di nidificazione + nestgebied + Nistgebiet + + administrative fiat An authoritative decree, sanction or order issued from an office with executive or managerial authority, without necessarily having the force of law or its equivalent. autorisation administrative - Verwaltungszwang - bestuurlijke goedkeuring autorizzazione amministrativa + bestuurlijke goedkeuring + Verwaltungszwang + animal corridor Line corridors (roads, paths, and hedgerows) which lack interior habitat but may serve as movement groups for organisms. Corridors may also provide an efficient migratory pathway for animals. The presence or absence of breaks in a corridor may be a very important factor in determining the effectiveness of its conduit and barrier functions. couloir d'animaux - Tierkorridor - dieren(door)gang corridoio faunistico + dieren(door)gang + Tierkorridor + + + + animal damage Harm caused to the environment by animals as, for instance, in the case of overgrazing, trampling, etc. Overgrazing damage is reduced by properly located watering facilities to decrease daily travel by livestock. Rotation of grazing areas allows time for recovery of grass. Some land can be easily restored if grazing is allowed only during one season. Animals may cause damage to crops when agriculture land borders on virgin territory or game reserves. In addition wild animals may bring disease in valuable domestic herds. Cattle overstocking has caused serious degradation of habitat, and cattle raising is thus, to some extent, counterproductive. dégât animal - Schaden durch Tiere - schade aan dieren danno da animali + schade aan dieren + Schaden durch Tiere + + + @@ -1560,18 +12532,25 @@ animal displacement The habit of many animal species of moving inside their habitats or of travelling, during migrations, to different biotopes, often considerable distances apart; in aquatic environments displacements can occur horizontally or vertically while in terrestrial environments animal populations that breed in the alpine or subalpine zones in summer, move to lower levels in winter; animal displacements usually follow circadian rhythms and are related to the necessity of finding breeding, resting and feeding areas. déplacement d'animaux - Tierartenvertreibung - verdringing van dieren spostamento di animali + verdringing van dieren + Tierartenvertreibung + + + building site A piece of land on which a house or other building is being built. chantier - Baustelle - bouwplaats cantiere di costruzione + bouwplaats + Baustelle + + + + @@ -1579,18 +12558,23 @@ spawning ground Area of water where fish come each year to produce their eggs. frayère - Laichplatz - paaiplaats fregolatoio + paaiplaats + Laichplatz + + + animal habitat The locality in which an animal naturally grows or lives. It can be either the geographical area over which it extends, or the particular station in which an animal is found. habitat animal - Tierhabitat - dierenhabitat habitat animale + dierenhabitat + Tierhabitat + + @@ -1598,26 +12582,29 @@ nesting The building of nests for egg laying and rearing of offspring. nidification - Nisten - nesten bouwen nidificazione + nesten bouwen + Nisten + animal population A group of animals inhabiting a given area. population animale - Tierbestand - dierenpopulatie popolazione animale + dierenpopulatie + Tierbestand + building site preparation viabilisation - Erschliessung (Bauland) - het bouwrijp maken van een terrein preparazione di un terreno a scopo edilizio + het bouwrijp maken van een terrein + Erschliessung (Bauland) + @@ -1625,9 +12612,11 @@ animal reproduction Any of various processes, either sexual or asexual, by which an animal produces one or more individuals similar to itself. reproduction animale - Tierfortpflanzung - dierlijke voortplanting riproduzione animale + dierlijke voortplanting + Tierfortpflanzung + + @@ -1635,9 +12624,10 @@ survival The act or fact of surviving or condition of having survived. survie - Überleben - overleving sopravvivenza + overleving + Überleben + @@ -1645,44 +12635,53 @@ endemic species Species native to, and restricted to, a particular geographical region. espèce endémique - Endemische Arten - endemische soorten specie endemica + endemische soorten + Endemische Arten + broad-leaved tree Deciduous tree which has wide leaves, as opposed to the needles on conifers. feuillu - Laubbaum - loofboom latifoglia + loofboom + Laubbaum + + sea grass bed Seaweeds communities formed by green, brown and red macroscopic algae and by sea phanerogams such as Posidonia oceanica and Zostera noltii, etc. pré sous-marin - Seegrasbett - zeegrasbed prateria marina + zeegrasbed + Seegrasbett + + + macrophyte A large macroscopic plant, used especially of aquatic forms such as kelp (variety of large brown seaweed which is a source of iodine and potash). macrophyte - Markrophyt - macrofyt macrofita + macrofyt + Markrophyt + building technology technologie du bâtiment - Bautechnik - bouwtechnologie tecnologia edile + bouwtechnologie + Bautechnik + + @@ -1691,9 +12690,11 @@ building waste Masonry and rubble wastes arising from the demolition or reconstruction of buildings or other civil engineering structures. déchet de construction - Bauschutt - bouwafval rifiuto edile + bouwafval + Bauschutt + + @@ -1704,27 +12705,33 @@ riverside vegetation Plants growing in areas adjacent to rivers and streams. ripisylve - Ufervegetation - (rivier)oevervegetatie vegetazione riparia + (rivier)oevervegetatie + Ufervegetation + + chestnut Any north temperate fagaceous tree of the genus Castanea, such as Castanea sativa, which produce flowers in long catkins and nuts in a prickly bur. châtaignier - Kastanie - kastanje castagno + kastanje + Kastanie + built drainage system Collection of open and/or closed drains, together with structures and pumps used to collect and dispose of excess surface or subsurface water. système de drainage bâti - Künstliches Entwässerungssystem - aangelegd afvoerwateringssysteem sistema di drenaggio artificiale + aangelegd afvoerwateringssysteem + Künstliches Entwässerungssystem + + + @@ -1732,36 +12739,43 @@ graminaceous plant A very large family of plants including cereals such as wheat, maize, etc. graminée - Graspflanzen - grasachtigen graminacee + grasachtigen + Graspflanzen + + posidonia Plant with elongated, planar, green leaves which measure up to 1,5 m. The flowers come out in the autumn but not every year. The fruits are dark balls, which one often finds washed up on beaches after storms. The same happens with the leaves which wilt and separate from the plant at the end of summer. It grows on sandy substrates, and has a rhizome from which several plants grow. The compact form of its growths retains the sediments pulled by the currents along the sea bed. Neptunegrass forms extensive prairies, always on the continental shelf. The plant's presence, apart from constituting an excellent refuge and food reserve for many species, gives an indication of the maturity and good condition of the whole marine ecosystem. posidonie - Posidonia - posidonia (soort schaaldier) posidonia + posidonia (soort schaaldier) + Posidonia + vegetation level A subdivision of vegetation characteristic of a certain altitude above sea level at a given latitude. étage de végétation - Vegetationsniveau - peil plantegroei piano vegetazionale + peil plantegroei + Vegetationsniveau + + built environment That part of the physical surroundings which are people-made or people-organized, such as buildings and other major structures, roads, bridges and the like, down to lesser objects such as traffic lights, telephone and pillar boxes. environnement bâti - Gebaute Umwelt - bebouwde omgeving ambiente costruito + bebouwde omgeving + Gebaute Umwelt + + @@ -1770,18 +12784,20 @@ plant population The number of plants in an area. population végétale - Pflanzenbestand - plantenstand popolazione vegetale + plantenstand + Pflanzenbestand + built structure Any structure made of stone, bricks, wood, concrete, or steel, built with a roof and walls, such as a house or factory. structure bâtie - Bauwerk - bouwstructuur struttura edificata + bouwstructuur + Bauwerk + @@ -1792,36 +12808,42 @@ arboretum Collection of trees from different parts of the world, grown for scientific study. arboretum - Arboretum - arboretum arboreto + arboretum + Arboretum + + + chorology The study of the causal relations between geographical phenomena occurring within a particular region. chorologie - Chorologie - chorologie corologia + chorologie + Chorologie + variety collection Assemblage of cultivated plants that are distinguished by any characteristics (morphology, physiology, etc.) significant for purposes of horticulture, agriculture or forestry. collection de documents divers - Varietätensammlung - verzameling van soorten collezione di varietà + verzameling van soorten + Varietätensammlung + built-up area Area which is full of houses, shops, offices and other buildings, with very little open space. agglomération - Bebaute Fläche - bebouwde kom area edificata + bebouwde kom + Bebaute Fläche + @@ -1833,27 +12855,33 @@ animal conservatory Areas for the conservation of rare or endangered animal species. réserve pour animaux - Tierreservat - dierenreservaat riserva animale + dierenreservaat + Tierreservat + + botanical conservatory Gardens for the conservation of rare species of plants. jardin botanique - Botanisches Glashaus - botanische kas riserva botanica + botanische kas + Botanisches Glashaus + + introduction of animal species Animals which have been translocated by human agency into lands or waters where they have not lived previously, at least during historic times. Such translocation of species always involves an element of risk if not of serious danger. Newly arrived species, depending on their interspecific relationships and characteristics, may act as or carry parasites or diseases, prey upon native organisms, display toxic reactions, or be highly competitive with or otherwise adversely affect native species and communities. introduction d'espèces animales - Einführung von Tierarten - het invoeren van diersoorten introduzione di animali + het invoeren van diersoorten + Einführung von Tierarten + + @@ -1862,9 +12890,11 @@ introduction of plant species Plants which have been translocated by human agency into lands or waters where they have not lived previously, at least during historic times. Such translocation of species always involves an element of risk if not of serious danger. Newly arrived species may be highly competitive with or otherwise adversely affect native species and communities. Some may become a nuisance through sheer overabundance. They may become liable to rapid genetic changes in their new environment. Many harmful introductions have been made by persons unqualified to anticipate the often complex ecological interaction which may ensue. On the other hand many plants introduced into modified or degraded environments may be more useful than native species in controlling erosion or in performing other positive functions. introduction d'espèces végétales - Einführung von Pflanzenarten - het invoeren van plantensoorten introduzione di piante + het invoeren van plantensoorten + Einführung von Pflanzenarten + + @@ -1872,35 +12902,42 @@ animal heritage The sum of the earth's or a particular region's non-human, non-vegetable, multicellular organisms viewed as the inheritance of the present generation, especially animal species deemed worthy of preservation and protection from extinction. patrimoine animal - Tiererbgut - dierlijk erfgoed patrimonio animale + dierlijk erfgoed + Tiererbgut + + plant heritage The sum of the earth's or a particular region's herb, vegetable, shrub and tree life viewed as the inheritance of the present generation, especially plant species deemed worthy of preservation and protection from extinction. patrimoine végétal - Pflanzenerbgut - erfgoed aan planten patrimonio vegetale + erfgoed aan planten + Pflanzenerbgut + + bulb cultivation The cultivation of flower bulb is divided into two sectors: for forcing (flower bulbs used by professional growers for the production of cut flowers and potted plants) and for dry sales (flower bulbs for garden planting, flower pots, landscaping and parks). culture des bulbes - Blumenzwiebelkultur - bloembollenteelt coltivazione di bulbi + bloembollenteelt + Blumenzwiebelkultur + protection of animals protection des animaux - Tierschutz - dierenbescherming protezione degli animali (politica ambientale) + dierenbescherming + Tierschutz + + @@ -1908,27 +12945,34 @@ animal species reintroduction Attempts made to prevent the extinction of threatened species and populations by reintroducing them in their natural habitat. The reintroduction of species in a region requires a preliminary study to establish the reasons of their disappearance and the modifications that might have occurred in the biotopes. réintroduction d'espèces animales - Wiedereinbürgerung von Tierarten - herinvoering van diersoorten reintroduzione di animali + herinvoering van diersoorten + Wiedereinbürgerung von Tierarten + + + plant species reintroduction Reintroducing wild plant species to their natural habitat. The reintroduction of species in a region requires a preliminary study to establish the reasons of their disappearance and the modifications that might have occurred in the biotopes. réintroduction d'espèces végétales - Wiedereinbürgergung von Pflanzenarten - herintroductie van een plantensoort reintroduzione di specie vegetali + herintroductie van een plantensoort + Wiedereinbürgergung von Pflanzenarten + + + local afforestation The planting of trees in an area, or the management of an area to allow trees to regenerate or colonize naturally, in order to produce a forest. reboisement - Regionale Aufforstung - plaatselijke bosaanplanting imboschimento + plaatselijke bosaanplanting + Regionale Aufforstung + @@ -1937,27 +12981,31 @@ 1) Falling of old trees in a forest caused by a storm or strong wind. It plays an important role in the spontaneous regeneration of forest ecosystems. 2) A plot of land covered with trees blown down by the wind. chablis - Windbruch - omgewaaide bomen albero abbattuto dal vento + omgewaaide bomen + Windbruch + + pruning The cutting off or removal of dead or living parts or branches of a plant to improve shape or growth. élagage - Beschneiden - snoei(-) potatura + snoei(-) + Beschneiden + forest exploitation Forests have been exploited over the centuries as a source of wood and for obtaining land for agricultural use. The mismanagement of forest lands and forest resources has led to a situation where the forest is now in rapid retreat. The main aspects of the situation are: serious shortages in the supply of industrial wood; the catastrophic erosion and floods accompanying the stripping of forests from mountainous land; the acute shortages of fuel wood in much of the developing world; the spread of desert conditions at an alarming rate in the arid and semi-arid regions of the world; and the many environmental effects of the destruction of tropical rainforests. exploitation forestière - Forstnutzung - bosexploitatie sfruttamento forestale + bosexploitatie + Forstnutzung + @@ -1966,9 +13014,11 @@ mountain forest An extensive area of woodland that is found at natural elevations usually higher than 2000 feet. forêt de montagne - Bergwald - bergbos foresta di montagna + bergbos + Bergwald + + @@ -1976,69 +13026,87 @@ state forest Forest owned and managed by the State. forêt domaniale - Staatsforst - staatsbos foresta demaniale + staatsbos + Staatsforst + + + Mediterranean forest Type of forest found in the Mediterranean area comprising mainly xerophilous evergreen trees. forêt méditérranéenne - Mediterraner Forst - Middellandse-zeebos foresta mediterranea + Middellandse-zeebos + Mediterraner Forst + + + private forest forêt privée - Privatwald - privaat bos foresta privata + privaat bos + Privatwald + + + timber forest Forest whose trees are all in the adult stage and have reached the reproductive period. futaie - Nutzwald - hoogstammig bos fustaia + hoogstammig bos + Nutzwald + + maquis A low evergreen shrub formation, usually found on siliceous soils in the Mediterranean lands where winter rainfall and summer drought are the characteristic climate features. It consists of a profusion of aromatic species, such as lavender, myrtle, oleander and rosemary and often includes abundant spiny shrubs. It has been suggested that the maquis is a secondary vegetation, occupying the lands cleared of their natural evergreen oak forests by human activity. maquis - Maquis - ondoordringbaar struikgewas macchia + ondoordringbaar struikgewas + Maquis + administrative jurisdiction The extent, power or territory in which an office with executive or managerial authority administers justice or declares judgments. juridiction administrative - Verwaltungsgerichtsbarkeit - administratief rechtsgebied giurisdizione amministrativa + administratief rechtsgebied + Verwaltungsgerichtsbarkeit + dry lawn pelouse sèche - Trockenrasen - droog gazon prato secco + droog gazon + Trockenrasen + + nursery garden pépinière - Pflanzgarten - plantentuin vivaio + plantentuin + Pflanzgarten + + + @@ -2046,9 +13114,12 @@ forest protection Branch of forestry concerned with the prevention and control of damage to forests arising from the action of people or livestock, of pests and abiotic agents. protection de la forêt - Waldschutz - bosbescherming protezione della foresta + bosbescherming + Waldschutz + + + @@ -2056,90 +13127,109 @@ natural regeneration The replacement by an organism of tissues or organs which have been lost or severely injured. régénération naturelle - Natürliche Regeneration - natuurlijke regeneratie rigenerazione naturale + natuurlijke regeneratie + Natürliche Regeneration + + resinous plant Plants yielding or producing resin. résineux - Harzhaltige Pflanze - harshoudende plant pianta resinosa + harshoudende plant + Harzhaltige Pflanze + + coppice with standards A traditional system of woodland management whereby timber trees are grown above a coppiced woodland. It is used in particular as a method of exploiting oakwoods, in which all the trees except a rather open network of tall, well-formed oaks - the standards at about fifty per hectare - are felled, leaving plenty of space for hazels and other underwood to grow and be coppiced at intervals of ten to fifteen years. taillis sous futaie - Mittelwald - middenbos ceduo composto + middenbos + Mittelwald + + game (play) An amusement or pastime; diversion. jeu - Spiel - spel gioco + spel + Spiel + + big game Large wild animals that weigh typically more than 30 lb when fully grown, hunted for food, sport or profit. grand gibier - Großwild - groot wild selvaggina grossa + groot wild + Großwild + shellfish farming Raising of shellfish in inland waters, estuaries or coastal waters, for commercial purposes. All commercial shellfish beds producing bivalve molluscs must be monitored for microbial contamination. Samples of water and shellfish flesh must be tested for the presence of algal toxins. Periodic monitoring of fish and shellfish must be carried out to check for the presence of contaminants. conchyliculture - Muschelkultur - schaal- en schelpdierencultuur molluschicoltura + schaal- en schelpdierencultuur + Muschelkultur + + bureaucratisation The multiplication of or concentration of power in administrators and administrative offices in an organization, usually resulting in an extension into and regimentation of certain areas of social life. bureaucratisation - Bürokratisierung - verambtelijking burocratizzazione + verambtelijking + Bürokratisierung + oyster farming There are two types of oyster farming: suspension culture, in which oysters are grown off bottom, in floating trays, is a labor-intensive form of cultivation that requires continuous tending and cleaning of both gear and shellfish, and bottom culture, which is similar to conventional crop farming on land; it involves selecting areas of the sea floor that provide a natural food supply, necessary currents, minimum exposure to predators, and proper temperature and then "seeding" the bottom with shellfish stock that are left to grow to market size. Then they are harvested with a bottom drag from a boat. Both suspension culture and bottom culture depend on natural food supplies for growing the shellfish being raised. ostréiculture - Austernzucht - oestercultuur ostricoltura + oestercultuur + Austernzucht + + commercial fishery Such fisheries belong to one of two groups: one catching demersal (bottom-living) fish, e.g. cod, haddock, plaice, sole; the other catching pelagic (surface-living) fish, e.g. anchovy, tuna, herring. pêche professionnelle - Handelsfischerei - beroepsvisserij pesca professionale + beroepsvisserij + Handelsfischerei + + national fishing reserve Limited portion of a water body belonging to the State where angling is allowed. réserve nationale de pêche - Nationales Fischereigebiet - nationaal visreservaat riserva nazionale di pesca + nationaal visreservaat + Nationales Fischereigebiet + + + @@ -2147,54 +13237,62 @@ socioeducational activity Instruction or events designed to offer learning or cultural experiences to populations without access to traditional educational institutions due to social or economic barriers. action socio-éducative - Sozialpädagogische Tätigkeit - sociaal-opvoedkundige activiteit azione socio-educativa + sociaal-opvoedkundige activiteit + Sozialpädagogische Tätigkeit + competitive examination A test given to a candidate for a certificate or a position and concerned typically with problems to be solved, skills to be demonstrated, or tasks to be performed. concours - Leistungsprüfung - vergelijkend examen concorso (esame) + vergelijkend examen + Leistungsprüfung + continuing education Various forms, methods, and processes of formal and informal education for the continued learning of all ages and categories of the general public. Oriented toward the continued learning/developmental processes of the individual throughout life. formation continue - Weiterbildung - doorlopende scholing formazione continua + doorlopende scholing + Weiterbildung + initial training Any education, instruction or discipline occurring at the beginning of an activity, task, occupation or life span. formation initiale - Erstausbildung - aanvangstraining formazione iniziale + aanvangstraining + Erstausbildung + pedagogy The principles, practice, or profession of teaching. pédagogie - Pädagogik - pedagogie pedagogia + pedagogie + Pädagogik + + administrative law Body of law created by administrative agencies in the form of rules, regulations, orders and decisions to carry out regulatory powers and duties of such agencies. droit administratif - Verwaltungsrecht - administratief recht diritto amministrativo + administratief recht + Verwaltungsrecht + + @@ -2202,27 +13300,32 @@ environmental occupation Gainful employment or job-related activity pertaining to ecological concerns, including the preservation of natural resources and the integrity of the ecosystem. métier de l'environnement - Umweltberuf - milieuberoep mestiere ambientale + milieuberoep + Umweltberuf + bus A large, long-bodied motor vehicle equipped with seating for passengers, usually operating as part of a scheduled service. autobus - Omnibus - autobus autobus + autobus + Omnibus + + + public function Activity carried out for the benefit of the community. fonction publique - Öffentliches Ereignis - nutsfunctie funzione pubblica + nutsfunctie + Öffentliches Ereignis + @@ -2241,9 +13344,10 @@ organisation of work The coordination or structuring of work practices and production processes in order to influence the way jobs are designed and performed in the workplace. organisation du travail - Arbeitsorganisation - werkorganisatie organizzazione del lavoro + werkorganisatie + Arbeitsorganisation + @@ -2252,9 +13356,10 @@ business The activity, position or site associated with commerce or the earning of a livelihood. entreprise - Kommerzielle Aktivität - zakenwereld impresa + zakenwereld + Kommerzielle Aktivität + @@ -2266,9 +13371,12 @@ leisure centre A building containing a swimming pool and a large room or other places where you can play sports. base de loisirs - Erholungsanlage - vrijetijdscentrum centro ricreativo + vrijetijdscentrum + Erholungsanlage + + + @@ -2276,9 +13384,12 @@ community facility Buildings, equipment and services provided for a community. équipement collectif - Gemeinschaftseinrichtung - gemeenschappelijke voorziening attrezzatura collettiva + gemeenschappelijke voorziening + Gemeinschaftseinrichtung + + + @@ -2295,18 +13406,24 @@ cycle path Part of the road or a special path for the use of people riding bicycles. piste cyclable - Radweg - fietspad pista ciclabile + fietspad + Radweg + + + ski run A trail, slope, or course for skiing. piste de ski - Skipiste - skihelling pista di sci + skihelling + Skipiste + + + @@ -2314,43 +13431,55 @@ touristic route An established or selected course for travel consisting, typically, of secondary roads with significant scenic, cultural, historic, geological or natural features and including vistas, rest areas, and interpretive sites matching the scenic characteristics of the course. circuit touristique - Touristenstrecke - toeristische route itinerario turistico + toeristische route + Touristenstrecke + + + + ecomuseum A private, non-profit facility where plants and animals can be viewed in a natural outdoor setting. écomusée - Umweltmuseum - milieumuseum ecomuseo + milieumuseum + Umweltmuseum + + folklore The traditional and common beliefs, practices and customs of a people, which are passed on as a shared way of life, often through oral traditions such as folktales, legends, anecdotes, proverbs, jokes and other forms of communication. folklore - Folklore - folklore folclore + folklore + Folklore + public attendance fréquentation du public - Anwesenheit der Öffentlichkeit - publieke opkomst frequentazione del pubblico + publieke opkomst + Anwesenheit der Öffentlichkeit + + tourist attendance fréquentation touristique - Touristenbesuch - toeristenopvang frequentazione turistica + toeristenopvang + Touristenbesuch + + + @@ -2358,18 +13487,23 @@ country lodge A small house or a hut located in the countryside. gîte rural - Landhaus - jachthuis alloggio rurale + jachthuis + Landhaus + + + lodging Provision of accommodation for rest or for residence in a room or rooms or in a dwelling place. hébergement - Quartier - onderdak fornitura di alloggio + onderdak + Quartier + + @@ -2378,18 +13512,21 @@ public The community or people in general or a part or section of the community grouped because of a common interest or activity. public - Öffentlichkeit - openbaar pubblico (n.) + openbaar + Öffentlichkeit + path A route or track between one place to another. sentier - Pfad - (voet)pad sentiero + (voet)pad + Pfad + + @@ -2402,151 +13539,185 @@ seaside footpath A route or track running along the coast. sentier littoral - Küstenwanderung - voetpad langs de kust sentiero costiero + voetpad langs de kust + Küstenwanderung + + + educational path A guided trail, designed to explain to children a piece of countryside, the type of soil, flora, fauna, etc. Such trails may be self-guiding, using either explanatory notices set up at intervals or numbered boards referring to a printed leaflet: in other cases parties may be led by a demonstrator or warden. sentier pédagogique - Bildungsweg - gevolgd onderwijs sentiero pedagogico + gevolgd onderwijs + Bildungsweg + + + seaside resort A place near the sea where people spend their holidays and enjoy themselves. station balnéaire - Badeort - badplaats (aan zee) stazione balneare + badplaats (aan zee) + Badeort + + + butterfly Any diurnal insect of the order Lepidoptera that has a slender body with clubbed antennae and typically rests with the wings (which are often brightly coloured) closed over the back. papillon - Schmetterling - vlinders farfalle diurne + vlinders + Schmetterling + mountain resort A place in the mountains where people spend their holidays and enjoy themselves. station de montagne - Gebirgsort - vakantieoord in de bergen stazione di montagna + vakantieoord in de bergen + Gebirgsort + + winter sports resort Resort where sports held in the open air on snow or ice, especially skiing are practiced. station de sports d'hiver - Wintersportort - wintersportoord stazione di sport invernali + wintersportoord + Wintersportort + + + + + touristic unit unité touristique - Touristeneinheit - toeristische eenheid unità turistica + toeristische eenheid + Touristeneinheit + + all-terrain vehicle A land carriage so constructed that it can be used on any kind of road or rough terrain and can be operated for many purposes, such as carrying goods, transporting the injured, conveying passengers, etc. véhicule tout terrain - Geländefahrzeug - terreinwagen veicolo fuoristrada + terreinwagen + Geländefahrzeug + + + population density The number of people relative to the space occupied by them. densité de population - Bevölkerungsdichte - bevolkingsdichtheid densità della popolazione + bevolkingsdichtheid + Bevölkerungsdichte + young jeune - Junge(s) - jong giovane + jong + Junge(s) + + button-cell battery A tiny, circular battery made for a watch or for other microelectric applications. pile bouton - Knopfzelle - mini-batterij pila a bottone + mini-batterij + Knopfzelle + + active population The number of people available and eligible for employment within a given enterprise, region or nation. population active - Erwerbstätige Bevölkerung - actieve populatie popolazione attiva + actieve populatie + Erwerbstätige Bevölkerung + time allocation The act of assigning various hours of one's day, week or year to particular activities, especially those falling within the categories of work and leisure. aménagement du temps - Zeitaufteilung - tijdstoewijzing sfruttamento razionale del tempo + tijdstoewijzing + Zeitaufteilung + durable goods Goods which have a reasonably long life and which are not generally consumed in use: e.g. refrigerator. biens durables - Langlebiges Gebrauchtsgut - duurzame goederen bene durevole + duurzame goederen + Langlebiges Gebrauchtsgut + non-durable goods A good bought by consumers that tends to last for less than a year. Common examples are food and clothing. The notable thing about nondurable goods is that consumers tend to continue buying them regardless of the ups and downs of the business cycle. bien non durable - Kurzlebige Güter - verbruiksgoederen bene non durevole + verbruiksgoederen + Kurzlebige Güter + by-catch Incidental taking of non-commercial species in drift nets, trawling operations and long line fishing; it is responsible for the death of large marine animals and one factor in the threatened extinction of some species. capture accessoire - Beifang - bijvangst pesca accessoria + bijvangst + Beifang + goods A term of variable content and meaning. It may include every species of personal chattels or property. Items of merchandise, supplies, raw materials, or finished goods. Land is excluded. biens - Güter - goederen beni + goederen + Güter + + @@ -2559,9 +13730,12 @@ goods and services The total of economic assets, including both physical or storable objects and intangible acts of human assistance. biens et services - Güter und Dienstleistungen - goederen en diensten beni e servizi + goederen en diensten + Güter und Dienstleistungen + + + @@ -2569,36 +13743,43 @@ time budget Determining or planning for allotment of time in hours, days, weeks, etc. budget temps - Zeitbudget - tijdsbudget bilancio preventivo a termine + tijdsbudget + Zeitbudget + living environment External conditions or surroundings in which people live or work. cadre de vie - Belebte Umwelt - leefomgeving ambiente di vita + leefomgeving + Belebte Umwelt + + product life cycle A product life cycle includes the following phases: acquisition of raw materials, production, packaging, distribution, use, recyling, and disposal. cycle de vie d'un produit - Produktlebenszyklus - levenscyclus van een product ciclo di vita di un prodotto + levenscyclus van een product + Produktlebenszyklus + ecolabel A mark, seal or written identification attached or affixed to products that provides specific ecological information allowing consumers to make comparisons with other similar products, or instructions on how to safely use or properly recycle or dispose of both products and packaging. écolabel - Umweltzeichen - milieukeur(merk) marchio di qualità ecologica + milieukeur(merk) + Umweltzeichen + + + @@ -2607,9 +13788,12 @@ quality certification The formal assertion in writing that a commodity, service or other product has attained a recognized and relatively high grade or level of excellence. certification qualité - Qualitätszertifizierung - kwaliteitscertificatie certificazione della qualità + kwaliteitscertificatie + Qualitätszertifizierung + + + @@ -2617,27 +13801,32 @@ living standard A measurement of the development level in a country or community, gauged by factors such as personal income, education, life expectancy, food consumption, health care, technology and the use of natural resources. niveau de vie - Lebensstandard - leefnorm livello di vita + leefnorm + Lebensstandard + by-product A product from a manufacturing process that is not considered the principal material. sous-produit - Nebenprodukt - nevenproduct sottoprodotto + nevenproduct + Nebenprodukt + + supply and demand The relationship between the amount or quantity of a commodity that is available for purchase and the desire or ability of consumers to buy or purchase the commodity, which, in theory, determines the commodity's price in a free market. offre et demande - Angebot und Nachfrage - vraag en aanbod domanda e offerta + vraag en aanbod + Angebot und Nachfrage + + @@ -2650,45 +13839,53 @@ ecological inequality Any imbalance or disparity among inhabitants of the same living environment deemed inappropriate, unjust or detrimental to that environment's integrity. inégalité écologique - Ökologische Ungleichheit - ecologische ongelijkheid diseguaglianza ecologica + ecologische ongelijkheid + Ökologische Ungleichheit + + social inequality Unequal rewards or opportunities for different individuals within a group or groups within a society. If equality is judged in terms of legal equality, equality of opportunity, or equality of outcome, then inequality is a constant feature of the human condition. inégalité sociale - Soziale Ungleichheit - sociale ongelijkheid diseguaglianza sociale + sociale ongelijkheid + Soziale Ungleichheit + myth A traditional or legendary story, usually dealing with supernatural beings, ancestors, heroes or events, that is with or without determinable basis of fact or a natural explanation, but is used to explain some practice, rite or phenomenon of nature, or to justify the existence of a social institution. mythe - Mythos - mythe mito + mythe + Mythos + NIMBY aptitude Not In My BackYard: phrase used to describe people who encourage the development of agriculture land for building houses or factories, provided it is not near where they themselves are living. attitude NIMBY - Floriansprinzip - niet in mijn achtertuin-houding atteggiamento NIMBY + niet in mijn achtertuin-houding + Floriansprinzip + + social psychology Study of the effects of social structure on cognition and behavior, of processes of face-to-face interaction, and of the negotiation of social order. psychosociologie - Sozialpsychologie - sociale psychologie psicosociologia + sociale psychologie + Sozialpsychologie + + @@ -2696,36 +13893,44 @@ social representation A system of values, ideas and practices established to orient individuals in their community and culture and to provide them with naming, classification and communication codes. représentation sociale - Soziale Vertretbarkeit - sociale vertegenwoordiging rappresentazione sociale + sociale vertegenwoordiging + Soziale Vertretbarkeit + feeling for nature A consciousness, sensibility or sympathetic perception of the physical world and its scenery in their uncultivated state. sentiment de la nature - Naturgefühl - natuurgevoel sentimento per la natura + natuurgevoel + Naturgefühl + + socioeconomics Economic and social structure of communities, tax rates, characteristic types of development. socio-économie - Sozioökonomie - socio-economie socioeconomia + socio-economie + Sozioökonomie + + + cable Strands of insulated electrical conductors laid together, usually around a central core, and wrapped in a heavy insulation. câble - Kabel - kabel cavo + kabel + Kabel + + @@ -2733,89 +13938,101 @@ access to administrative documents The legal right of access to administrative documents or the opportunity to avail oneself of the same. accès aux documents administratifs - Zugang zu Verwaltungsdokumenten - toegankelijkheid van administratieve stukken accesso a documenti amministrativi + toegankelijkheid van administratieve stukken + Zugang zu Verwaltungsdokumenten + administrative deed Any formal and legitimate step taken or decision made on matters of policy by a chief or other top-level officer within an organization. acte administratif - Verwaltungsakt - administratieve akte atto amministrativo + administratieve akte + Verwaltungsakt + + territorial government An administrative body or system in which political direction or control is exercised over a designated area or an administrative division of a city, county or larger geographical area. administration territoriale - Gebietsregierung - regering van een grondgebied amministrazione territoriale + regering van een grondgebied + Gebietsregierung + decision making support aide à la décision - Entscheidungshilfe - besluitvormingsondersteuning aiuto alla decisione + besluitvormingsondersteuning + Entscheidungshilfe + minister competence The skill, knowledge, qualification, capacity or authority associated with the chief of an administrative department or other high ranking official selected by the head of state. attribution ministérielle - Ministerkompetenz - ministeriële bevoegdheid competenza ministeriale + ministeriële bevoegdheid + Ministerkompetenz + citizen A native or naturalized member of a state or nation who owes allegiance, bears responsibilities and obtains rights, including protection, from the government. citoyen - Bürger - burger cittadino + burger + Bürger + local government An administrative body or system in which political direction and control is exercised over the community of a city, town or small district. collectivité locale - Kommunalverwaltung - plaatselijke overheid ente locale + plaatselijke overheid + Kommunalverwaltung + territorial community An infrastructure, body of people or homogenous constituency that is physically situated in a localized exurban area. collectivité territoriale - Territoriale Gemeinschaft - gemeenschap levend op een grondgebied comunità territoriale + gemeenschap levend op een grondgebied + Territoriale Gemeinschaft + + parliamentary debate Formal discussion or dispute on a particular matter among the members of the parliament. débat parlementaire - Parlamentarische Debatte - parlementair debat dibattito parlamentare + parlementair debat + Parlamentarische Debatte + abiotic factor Physical, chemical and other non-living environmental factors. They are essential for living plants and animals of an ecosystem, providing the essential elements and nutrients that are necessary for growth. The abiotic elements also include the climatic and pedologic components of the ecosystem. facteur abiotique - Abiotischer Faktor - abiotische factor fattore abiotico + abiotische factor + Abiotischer Faktor + @@ -2825,9 +14042,10 @@ cadmium One of the toxic heavy metal which has caused deaths and permanent illnesses in a series of major pollution incidents around the world. Cadmium has no useful biological purpose. However, it has wide industrial applications. It has been used for decades in metal plating to prevent corrosion, in rechargeable batteries and as a pigment in certain plastics and paints. Special care is taken in the industrial smelting of ores and subsequent handling of cadmium, because occupational exposure is known to have caused heart, chest and kidney disorders. Environmental health problems have come from exposure to various sources of pollution. cadmium - Cadmium - cadmium cadmio + cadmium + Cadmium + @@ -2835,18 +14053,20 @@ motivation of administrative acts The underlying reason or cause, a psychological or social factor, that incites or stimulates managers, executives or supervisors to complete tasks that achieve organizational or company goals. motivation des actes administratifs - Ursache von Verwaltungsakten - rechtvaardiging van administratieve handelingen motivazione degli atti amministrativi + rechtvaardiging van administratieve handelingen + Ursache von Verwaltungsakten + cadmium contamination The release and presence in the air, water and soil of cadmium, a toxic, metallic element, from sources such as the burning of coal and tobacco and improper disposal of cadmium-containing waste. contamination par le cadmium - Cadmiumverseuchung - cadmiumvervuiling contaminazione da cadmio + cadmiumvervuiling + Cadmiumverseuchung + @@ -2854,45 +14074,51 @@ economic plan A design, scheme or project pertaining to the production, distribution and use of income, wealth and commodities. plan économique - Wirtschaftsplan - economisch plan piano economico + economisch plan + Wirtschaftsplan + + subsidiary principle The fundamental doctrine or tenet that policy making decisions should be made at the most decentralized level, in which a centralized governing body would not take action unless it it is more effective than action taken at a lower government level. principe de subsidiarité - Subsidiaritätsprinzip - basisbeginsel principio di sussidiarietà + basisbeginsel + Subsidiaritätsprinzip + caesium A soft silvery-white and highly reactive metal belonging to the alkali group of metals. It is a radiation hazard, because it can occur in two radioactive forms. Caesium-134 is produced in nuclear reactors, not directly by fission, but by the reaction. It emits beta- and gamma-radiation and has a half-life of 2.06 years. Caesium-137 is a fission product of uranium and occurs in the fallout from nuclear weapons. It emits beta- and gamma-rays and has a half-life of 30 years. Caesium-137 was the principal product released into the atmosphere, and hence the food chain, from atmospheric testing of nuclear weapons and from the Windscale fire and Chernobyl nuclear accidents. After the Chernobyl accident, which spread a radiation cloud across Europe, the European Commission proposed new and more restrictive limits on levels of caesium in food and drinking water. césium - Cäsium - cesium cesio + cesium + Cäsium + financial aid The transfer of funds from developed to underdeveloped countries. aide financière - Finanzhilfe - financiële hulp aiuto finanziario + financiële hulp + Finanzhilfe + international assistance Economic, military, technical or financial aid or support given to nations or countries in need, often from other governments or international or intergovernmental organizations. aide internationale - Internationale Hilfe - internationale hulp aiuto internazionale + internationale hulp + Internationale Hilfe + @@ -2900,18 +14126,21 @@ public aid Government aid in the form of monies or food stamps to the poor, disabled, aged or to dependent children. aide publique - Öffentliche Hilfe - overheidssteun aiuto pubblico + overheidssteun + Öffentliche Hilfe + + national accounting Organised method of recording all business transactions in the national economy. comptabilité nationale - Volkswirtschaftliche Gesamtrechnung - nationale boekhouding contabilità nazionale + nationale boekhouding + Volkswirtschaftliche Gesamtrechnung + @@ -2920,45 +14149,52 @@ satellite account A separate financial record or statement that discloses financial activity in a particular area and supplements existing financial records. compte satellite - Nebenkonto - satellietrekening conto complementare + satellietrekening + Nebenkonto + household expenditure Any spending done by a person living alone or by a group of people living together in shared accommodation and with common domestic expenses. dépense des ménages - Haushaltsausgaben - huishoudelijke uitgaven spesa delle famiglie + huishoudelijke uitgaven + Haushaltsausgaben + + public expenditure Spending by national or local government, government-owned firms or quasi-autonomous non-government organizations. dépense publique - Öffentliche Ausgaben - overheidsuitgaven spesa pubblica + overheidsuitgaven + Öffentliche Ausgaben + + intervention fund Money or financial resources set aside to interpose or interfere in any business affair in order to affect an outcome. fonds d'intervention - Interventionsfonds - interventiefonds fondo d'intervento + interventiefonds + Interventionsfonds + financial fund Monetary resources set aside for some purpose. fonds financier - Geldmittel - financieel fonds fondo finanziario + financieel fonds + Geldmittel + @@ -2967,185 +14203,220 @@ European Monetary Fund Fund organized by the European Monetary System in which members of the European Community deposit reserves to provide a pool of resources to stabilize exchange rates and to finance balance of payments in support of the pending full European Monetary Union. Fonds monétaire européen - Europäischer Währungsfond - Europese Monetair Fonds Fondo Monetario Europeo + Europese Monetair Fonds + Europäischer Währungsfond + International Monetary Fund An international organization established in 1944, affiliated with the United Nations that acts as an international bank facilitating the exchange of national currencies and providing loans to member nations. It also evaluates the performance of the economies of the world's countries. Fonds monétaire international - Internationaler Währungsfonds - Internationaal Monetair Fonds Fondo Monetario Internazionale + Internationaal Monetair Fonds + Internationaler Währungsfonds + economic incentive Rewards or penalties offered by government or management to induce an economic sector, company or group of workers to act in such a way as to produce results that plan objectives or policy goals. incitation économique - Ökonomischer Anreiz - economische stimuleringsmaatregel incentivo economico + economische stimuleringsmaatregel + Ökonomischer Anreiz + incentive tax incitation fiscale - Steueranreiz - stimuleringsbelasting incentivo fiscale + stimuleringsbelasting + Steueranreiz + + gross domestic product The total output of goods and services produced by a national economy in a given period, usually a year, valued at market prices. It is gross, since no allowance is made, for the value of replacement capital goods. produit intérieur brut - Bruttoinlandsprodukt - bruto binnenlands product prodotto interno lordo + bruto binnenlands product + Bruttoinlandsprodukt + exceptional tax Compulsory charges levied by a government unit in special or unique instances for the purpose of raising revenue to pay for services or improvements for the general public benefit. taxe parafiscale - Sondersteuer - bijzondere heffing tassa una tantum + bijzondere heffing + Sondersteuer + + process analysis analyse de filière - Verfahrensanalyse - procesanalyse analisi del ciclo produttivo + procesanalyse + Verfahrensanalyse + + + audit The periodic or continuous verification of the accounts, assets and liabilities of a company or other organization, often to confirm compliance with legal and professional standards. audit - Audit - doorlichting audit + doorlichting + Audit + + + natural heritage assessment Evaluation of the natural structures, resources and landscapes to ensure their careful management and preservation. évaluation du patrimoine naturel - Bewertung von Naturerben - bepaling van natuurlijk erfgoed valutazione del patrimonio naturale + bepaling van natuurlijk erfgoed + Bewertung von Naturerben + + + water cost The value or the amount of money exchanged for the production and sustained supply of water. coût de l'eau - Wasserkosten - waterprijs costo dell'acqua + waterprijs + Wasserkosten + + ecomarketing The buying, selling, advertising, shipping, and storing of goods in compliance with ecological principles. écomarketing - Ökomarketing - milieumarketing ecomarketing + milieumarketing + Ökomarketing + patrimonial management A type of leadership and management style attempting to gain the loyalty and support of subordinates by excessively providing for their needs and interests. gestion patrimoniale - Erbherrliches Management - patrimoniaal beheer gestione patrimoniale + patrimoniaal beheer + Erbherrliches Management + pollution control investment Securities held for the production of income in the form of interest and dividends with the aim of controlling or reducing pollution or substances in the environment deemed harmful to human health and natural resources. investissement antipollution - Umweltschutzinvestition - investering voor de beheersing van milieuverontreiniging investimento antinquinamento + investering voor de beheersing van milieuverontreiniging + Umweltschutzinvestition + + environment market marché de l'environnement - Umweltmarkt - milieumarkt mercato dell'ambiente + milieumarkt + Umweltmarkt + + + antipollution premium A prize or bonus given as an inducement or reward for efforts to reduce the presence of pollution or substances in the environment deemed harmful to human health or natural resources. prime antipollution - Umweltschutzprämie - anti-vervuilingsvergoeding premio antinquinamento + anti-vervuilingsvergoeding + Umweltschutzprämie + + water pricing Applying a monetary rate or value at which water can be bought or sold. tarification de l'eau - Wasserpreisfestlegung - vaststellen van de waterprijs tariffazione dell'acqua + vaststellen van de waterprijs + Wasserpreisfestlegung + + theory of the environment A structured simulation or explanation based on observation, experimentation and reasoning that seeks to demonstrate, characterize or explain the actions and interactions of the total surrounding conditions of a given system. théorie de l'environnement - Umwelttheorie - milieutheorie teoria dell'ambiente + milieutheorie + Umwelttheorie + trade activity activité commerciale - Handelsaktivität - handelsactiviteit attività commerciale + handelsactiviteit + Handelsaktivität + local development A stage of growth or advancement in any aspect of a community that is defined by or restricted to a particular and usually small district or area. développement local - Kommunalentwicklung - plaatselijke ontwikkeling sviluppo locale + plaatselijke ontwikkeling + Kommunalentwicklung + market study The gathering and studying of data to determine the projection of demand for an item or service. étude de marché - Marktstudie - marktstudie studio di mercato + marktstudie + Marktstudie + administrative procedure procédure administrative - Verwaltungsvorgang - administratieve procedure procedura amministrativa + administratieve procedure + Verwaltungsvorgang + @@ -3180,71 +14451,87 @@ free trade Trade which is unimpeded by tariffs, import and export quotas and other measures which obstruct the free movement of goods and services between states. libre échange - Handelsfreiheit - vrijhandel libero scambio + vrijhandel + Handelsfreiheit + + less developed country One of the world's poorest nations, typically small in area and population, with low per capita incomes, literacy levels and medical standards, subsistence agriculture and a lack of exploitable minerals and competitive industries. pays moins avancé - Entwicklungsländer - minder ontwikkelde landen paese meno sviluppato + minder ontwikkelde landen + Entwicklungsländer + + North-South relationship The connections, associations or involvement of developed nations, found predominantly in the Northern Hemisphere, with developing nations, found predominantly in the Southern Hemisphere. relation Nord-Sud - Nord-Süd-Beziehung - Noord-Zuidbetrekkingen rapporto nord-sud + Noord-Zuidbetrekkingen + Nord-Süd-Beziehung + + calcium A malleable silvery-white metallic element of the alkaline hearth group; the fifth most abundant element in the earth crust, occurring especially as forms of calcium carbonate. It is an essential constituent of bones and teeth and is used as a deoxidizer in steel. calcium - Calcium - calcium calcio + calcium + Calcium + calculation The act, process or result of calculating. calcul - Berechnung - berekening calcolo + berekening + Berechnung + + density The mass of unit volume of a substance. densité - Dichte - dichtheid densità + dichtheid + Dichte + + spatial distribution A distribution or set of geographic observations representing the values of behaviour of a particular phenomenon or characteristic across many locations on the surface of the Earth. distribution spatiale - Räumliche Verteilung - ruimtelijke verdeling distribuzione spaziale + ruimtelijke verdeling + Räumliche Verteilung + + + economic data donnée économique - Ökonomische Daten - economische gegevens dati economici + economische gegevens + Ökonomische Daten + + @@ -3252,18 +14539,23 @@ calcium content Amount of calcium contained in a solution. teneur en calcium - Calciumgehalt - kalkgehalte contenuto in calcio + kalkgehalte + Calciumgehalt + + + index A list of record surrogates arranged in order of some attribute expressible in machine-orderable form. index - Index - inhoudsregister indice + inhoudsregister + Index + + @@ -3273,35 +14565,40 @@ census survey An official periodic count of a population including such information as sex, age, occupation, etc. recensement - Volkszählung - volkstelling censimento + volkstelling + Volkszählung + statistical series An ordered sequence of data samples in numerical form used to predict or demonstrate trends through time and space. série statistique - Statistische Reihe - statistische reeks serie statistica + statistische reeks + Statistische Reihe + opinion survey The canvassing of a representative sample of a large group of people on some question in order to determine the general opinion of a group. sondage d'opinion - Meinungsumfrage - opiniepeiling sondaggio d'opinione + opiniepeiling + Meinungsumfrage + calculation method méthode de calcul - Berechnungsverfahren - berekeningsmethode metodo di calcolo + berekeningsmethode + Berechnungsverfahren + + @@ -3309,18 +14606,21 @@ rate The amount of change in some quantity during a time interval divided by the length of the time interval. taux - Rate - graad tasso + graad + Rate + seasonal variation In time series, that part of the movement which is assigned to the effect of the seasons on the year. variation saisonnière - Jahreszeitliche Schwankung - seizoensverschil variazione stagionale + seizoensverschil + Jahreszeitliche Schwankung + + @@ -3328,26 +14628,30 @@ scientific committee An organized group of persons elected or appointed to discuss scientific matters. comité scientifique - Wissenschaftlicher Beirat - wetenschappelijk comité comitato scientifico + wetenschappelijk comité + Wissenschaftlicher Beirat + + scientific dispute controverse scientifique - Wissenschaftlicher Disput - wetenschappelijke discussie controversia scientifica + wetenschappelijke discussie + Wissenschaftlicher Disput + calibration To mark the scale of a measuring instrument so that readings can be made in appropriate units. étalonnage - Kalibrierung - ijking calibratura + ijking + Kalibrierung + @@ -3355,18 +14659,20 @@ applied research Research directed toward using knowledge gained by basic research to make things or to create situations that will serve a practical or utilitarian purpose. recherche appliquée - Anwendungsforschung - toegepast onderzoek ricerca applicata + toegepast onderzoek + Anwendungsforschung + scientific research Systematic investigation to establish facts or principles concerning a specific scientific subject. recherche scientifique - Wissenschaftliche Forschung - wetenschappelijk onderzoek ricerca scientifica + wetenschappelijk onderzoek + Wissenschaftliche Forschung + @@ -3384,54 +14690,63 @@ calibration of measuring equipment The determination or rectification of, according to an accepted standard, the graduation of any instrument giving quantitative measurements. étalonnage des instruments de mesure - Kalibrieren von Meßinstrumenten - het ijken van meettoestellen calibratura degli apparecchi di misura + het ijken van meettoestellen + Kalibrieren von Meßinstrumenten + agronomy The principles and procedures of soil management and of field crop and special-purpose plant improvement, management, and production. agronomie - Agrarwissenschaft - landbouwkunde agronomia + landbouwkunde + Agrarwissenschaft + agrosystem Ecosystem dominated by the continuous agricultural intervention of man. agrosystème - Agrarsystem - landbouwsysteem agrosistema + landbouwsysteem + Agrarsystem + agricultural disaster Violent, sudden and destructive change in the environment either affecting or caused by land cultivation or the raising of crops or livestock. calamité agricole - Agrarkatastrophe - landbouwramp calamità agricola + landbouwramp + Agrarkatastrophe + + agricultural undervaluation The underrating or diminishing in value of agricultural or farming goods and services. sous-estimation agricole - Landwirtschaftliche Unterbewertung - landbouwkundige onderwaardering deprezzamento agricolo + landbouwkundige onderwaardering + Landwirtschaftliche Unterbewertung + + rural development Any course destined to promote economic growth, modernization, increase in agricultural production and the creation of a framework in which to fulfill primary needs, such as education, health and supply of water in the rural areas. The attainment of such objectives depends in general on the type of administrative systems proposed for the various programmes and on the national political situation as regards, for instance land tenure, agrarian reform, the disbursement of assistance and food policy. développement rural - Ländliche Entwicklung - plattelandsontwikkeling sviluppo rurale + plattelandsontwikkeling + Ländliche Entwicklung + + @@ -3439,18 +14754,20 @@ agricultural hydraulics Science and technology involved in the management of water resources, in the control of erosion and in the removal of unwanted water. hydraulique agricole - Landwirtschaftlicher Wasserbau - landbouwhydraulica idraulica agricola + landbouwhydraulica + Landwirtschaftlicher Wasserbau + farming technique The business, art, or skill of agriculture. technique culturale - Agrartechnik - landbouwtechniek tecnica colturale + landbouwtechniek + Agrartechnik + @@ -3473,9 +14790,10 @@ forage crop Cultivation of crops for consumption by livestock. culture fourragère - Futterpflanze - voedergewas coltura foraggiera + voedergewas + Futterpflanze + @@ -3483,36 +14801,41 @@ market gardening The business of growing fruit and vegetables on a commercial scale. culture maraîchère - Hndelsgärtnerei - beroepsgroenteteelt orticoltura su larga scala + beroepsgroenteteelt + Hndelsgärtnerei + + seed (product) A fertilized ovule containing an embryo which forms a new plant upon germination. semence - Saatgut - zaaizaad semente + zaaizaad + Saatgut + crop treatment Use of chemicals in order to avoid damage of crops by insects or weeds. traitement des cultures - Pflanzenbehandlung - gewasbehandeling trattamento delle colture + gewasbehandeling + Pflanzenbehandlung + phytosanitary treatment Removal of heavy metals from water by the employment of plants or treatment by which plant organisms act to degrade hazardous organic contaminants or transform hazardous inorganic contaminants to environmentally safe levels in soils, subsurface materials, water, sludges, and residues. traitement phytosanitaire - Pflanzenschutzbehandlung - fytosanitaire behandeling trattamento fitosanitario + fytosanitaire behandeling + Pflanzenschutzbehandlung + @@ -3520,9 +14843,10 @@ aviculture The raising, keeping, and care of birds. aviculture - Vogelzucht - avicultuur avicoltura + avicultuur + Vogelzucht + @@ -3530,9 +14854,10 @@ breeding technique Term referring to the systems employed in animal rearing (extensive and intensive). technique d'élevage - Zuchttechnik - foktechniek tecnica di allevamento + foktechniek + Zuchttechnik + @@ -3540,27 +14865,33 @@ transhumance The seasonal migration of livestock to suitable grazing grounds. transhumance - Herdenwanderung - het verweiden van de kudde transumanza + het verweiden van de kudde + Herdenwanderung + + administrative sanction Generally, any formal official imposition of penalty or fine; destruction, taking, seizure, or withholding of property; assessment of damages, reimbursement, restitution, compensation, costs, charges or fees; requirement, revocation or suspension of license; and taking other compulsory or restrictive action by organization, agency or its representative. sanction administrative - Verwaltungsgenehmigung - administratieve sanctie sanzione amministrativa + administratieve sanctie + Verwaltungsgenehmigung + mineral conditioner Any naturally occurring inorganic substances with a definite chemical composition and usually of crystalline structure, such as rocks, which are used to stabilize soil, improving its resistance to erosion, texture and permeability. amendement minéral - Mineralischer Bodenverbesserer - anorganische conditioneerder ammendante minerale + anorganische conditioneerder + Mineralischer Bodenverbesserer + + + @@ -3568,18 +14899,22 @@ draining The removal of water from a marshy area by artificial means, e.g. the introduction of drains. assèchement - Entwässern - afwateren prosciugamento del suolo + afwateren + Entwässern + + slash and burn culture A traditional farming system that has been used by generations of farmers in tropical forests and the savannah of north and east Africa. It is known to be an ecologically sound form of cultivation, and because the soil is poor in tropical rain forests it is a sustainable method of farming. It is still practised today, primarily in the developing countries. Small areas of bush or forests are cleared and the smaller trees burned. This unlocks the nutrients in the vegetation and gives the soil fertilizer that is easily taken up by plants. A few years later the soil is degraded and the farmer moves on to do the same at another site. The original ground is left fallow for anything up to 20 years so that the forest can regenerate. With the growth in population and in the subsequent need for more farming land to produce food, the method is increasingly being used today to clear large areas of tropical forests for cattle ranching, and in most cases the ground is not left fallow for long enough and, with modern mechanized farming systems, not enough tree stumps or suitable habitats for plant life are left to start the regeneration process. culture sur brûlis - Roden und Verbrennen - zwerflandbouw coltura su terreno debbiato + zwerflandbouw + Roden und Verbrennen + + @@ -3587,9 +14922,12 @@ chalk A soft, pure, earthy, fine-textured, usually white to light gray or buff limestone of marine origin, consisting almost wholly (90-99%) of calcite, formed mainly by shallow-water accumulation of calcareous tests of floating microorganisms (chiefly foraminifers) and of comminuted remains of calcareous algae (such as cocoliths and rhabdoliths), set in a structureless matrix of very finely crystalline calcite. The rock is porous, somewhat friable, and only slightly coherent. It may include the remains of bottom-dwelling forms (e.g. ammonites, echinoderms, and pelecypods), and nodules of chert and pyrite. The best known and most widespread chalks are of Cretaceous age, such as those exposed in cliffs on both sides of the English Channel. craie - Kreide - krijt gesso (minerale) + krijt + Kreide + + + @@ -3597,9 +14935,12 @@ nitrogenous fertiliser Fertilizer materials, natural or synthesized, containing nitrogen available for fixation by vegetation, such as potassium nitrate or ammonium nitrate. engrais azote - Stickstoffdünger - stikstofmest(stof) fertilizzante azotato + stikstofmest(stof) + Stickstoffdünger + + + @@ -3609,18 +14950,23 @@ camping Guarded area equipped with sanitary facilities where holiday-makers may pitch a tent and camp by paying a daily rate. camping - Camping - kamperen campeggio (attività) + kamperen + Camping + + phosphatic fertiliser Fertilizer compound or mixture containing available (soluble) phosphate; examples are phosphate rock (phosphorite), superphosphates or triple superphosphates, nitrophosphate, potassium phosphate, or N-P-K mixtures. engrais phosphate - Phosphatdünger - fosforzuurhoudende meststof fertilizzante fosfatico + fosforzuurhoudende meststof + Phosphatdünger + + + @@ -3631,9 +14977,12 @@ potassium fertiliser A chemical fertilizer containing potassium. Potassium (K) is required by all plant and animal life. Plants require potassium for photosynthesis, osmotic regulation and the activation of enzyme systems. engrais potassique - Kalidünger - messtof met kalium fertilizzante potassico + messtof met kalium + Kalidünger + + + @@ -3643,9 +14992,12 @@ purification through the soil The act or process in which a section of the ground is freed from pollution or any type of contamination, often through natural processes. épuration par le sol - Reinigung durch den Boden - zuivering door de grond depurazione attraverso il suolo + zuivering door de grond + Reinigung durch den Boden + + + @@ -3653,18 +15005,24 @@ soil leaching The removal of water or any soluble constituents from the soil. Leaching often occurs with soil constituents such as nitrate fertilizers with the result that nitrates end up in potable waters. lessivage du sol - Bodenauslaugung - bodemuitloging lisciviazione del suolo + bodemuitloging + Bodenauslaugung + + + mineral matter Inorganic materials having a distinct chemical composition, characteristic crystalline structure, colour, and hardness. matière minérale - Mineralstoff - anorganische stof materia minerale + anorganische stof + Mineralstoff + + + @@ -3672,9 +15030,13 @@ organic matter Plant and animal residue that decomposes and becomes a part of the soil. matière organique - Organische Substanz - organische stof materia organica + organische stof + Organische Substanz + + + + @@ -3682,18 +15044,22 @@ camping site A piece of land where people on holiday can stay in tents, usually with toilets and places for washing. camping - Campingplatz - kampeerterrein campeggio (area) + kampeerterrein + Campingplatz + + + drainage system A surface stream, or a body of impounded surface water, together with all other such streams and water bodies that are tributary to it and by which a region is drained. An artificial drainage system includes also surface and subsurface conduits. réseau de drainage - Entwässerungsanlage - afwateringssyteem sistema di drenaggio + afwateringssyteem + Entwässerungsanlage + @@ -3701,9 +15067,11 @@ irrigation system A system of man-made channels for supplying water to land to allow plants to grow. réseau d'irrigation - Bewässerungsanlage - bevloeiingssysteem rete d'irrigazione + bevloeiingssysteem + Bewässerungsanlage + + @@ -3711,9 +15079,11 @@ soil salinity Measurement of the quantity of mineral salts found in a soil. Many semi-arid and arid areas are naturally salty. By definition they are areas of substantial water deficit where evapotranspiration exceeds precipitation. Thus, whereas in humid areas there is sufficient water to percolate through the soil and to leach soluble materials from the soil and the rocks into the rivers and hence into the sea, in deserts this is not the case. Salts therefore tend to accumulate. salinité du sol - Salzgehalt des Bodens - zoutgehalte van de bodem salinità del suolo + zoutgehalte van de bodem + Salzgehalt des Bodens + + @@ -3721,18 +15091,21 @@ agronomic value The monetary or material worth at which buyers and sellers agree to do business for agricultural goods and services. valeur agronomique - Agronomischer Wert - landbouwwaarde valore agronomico + landbouwwaarde + Agronomischer Wert + mountain management aménagement de la montagne - Bergwirtschaft - bergbeheer sfruttamento razionale della montagna + bergbeheer + Bergwirtschaft + + @@ -3742,18 +15115,20 @@ rural management and planning The activity or process of overseeing and preparing for the future physical arrangement and condition of any agricultural or pastoral area, which may involve protecting and developing natural and human resources that affect an area's economic vitality. gestion et planification rurale - Ländliche Raumplanung - plattelandsbeheer en planning pianificazione rurale + plattelandsbeheer en planning + Ländliche Raumplanung + touristic activity management The administration, promotion, organization and planning for the business or industry of providing information, transportation, entertainment, accommodations and other services to travelers or visitors. aménagement touristique - Management von Touristenaktivitäten - beheer van toeristische activiteiten sfruttamento razionale dell'attività turistica + beheer van toeristische activiteiten + Management von Touristenaktivitäten + @@ -3761,36 +15136,44 @@ forestry unit Any entity or group of individuals involved with the creation, management and conservation of an extensive area of woodland, often to produce products and benefits such as timber, clean water, biodiversity and recreation. groupement forestier - Forstbetriebsgemeinschaft - bosbouweenheid unità forestale + bosbouweenheid + Forstbetriebsgemeinschaft + + equipment plan A formulated or systematic method for the supply of material necessities such as tools, gear, provisions or furnishings. projet d'équipement - Ausrüstungsplan - uitrustingsplan progetto di apparecchiatura + uitrustingsplan + Ausrüstungsplan + + approach The way or means of entry or access. abords (agglomération) - Annäherung - benadering accesso + benadering + Annäherung + canal An artificial open waterway used for transportation, waterpower, or irrigation. canal - Kanal (Wasserstraße) - kanaal canale + kanaal + Kanal (Wasserstraße) + + + @@ -3799,9 +15182,11 @@ railway station A place along a route or line at which a train stops to pick up or let off passengers or goods, especially with ancillary buildings and services. gare ferroviaire - Bahnhof (Eisenbahn) - treinstation stazione ferroviaria + treinstation + Bahnhof (Eisenbahn) + + @@ -3809,35 +15194,45 @@ bus station A place along a route or line at which a bus stops for fuel or to pick up or let off passengers or goods, especially with ancillary buildings and services. gare routière - Busbahnhof - busstation stazione autolinee + busstation + Busbahnhof + + + road construction material The aggregation of components used for building streets, highways and other routes, such as asphalt, concrete, brick, sand and gravel. matériau routier - Straßenbaustoffe - materiaal voor de wegenbouw materiale per costruzioni stradali + materiaal voor de wegenbouw + Straßenbaustoffe + + + engineering work ouvrage d'art - Ingenieurbau - machinefabriek opera d'arte + machinefabriek + Ingenieurbau + railway network The whole system of railway distribution in a country. réseau ferroviaire - Eisenbahnnetz - spoorwegnet rete ferroviaria + spoorwegnet + Eisenbahnnetz + + + @@ -3846,9 +15241,12 @@ road network The system of roads through a country. réseau routier - Straßennetz - wegennet rete stradale + wegennet + Straßennetz + + + @@ -3857,9 +15255,11 @@ navigation The science or art of conducting ships or aircraft from one place to another, esp. the method of determining position, course, and distance travelled over the surface of the earth by the principles of geometry and astronomy and by reference to devices (as radar beacons or instruments) designed as aids. navigation - Schiffahrt - stuurmanskunst navigazione (in generale) + stuurmanskunst + Schiffahrt + + @@ -3871,9 +15271,12 @@ merchant shipping Transportation of persons and goods by means of ships travelling along fixed navigation routes. marine marchande - Handelsschiffahrt - koopvaardij traffico marittimo + koopvaardij + Handelsschiffahrt + + + @@ -3882,18 +15285,20 @@ combined transport Transport in which more than one carrier is used, e.g. road, rail and sea. transport combiné - Kombiverkehr - gecombineerd vervoer trasporto combinato + gecombineerd vervoer + Kombiverkehr + cancer Any malignant cellular tumour including carcinoma and sarcoma. It encompasses a group of neoplastic diseases in which there is a transformation of normal body cells into malignant ones, probably involving some change in the genetic material of the cells, possibly as a result of faulty repair of damage to the cell caused by carcinogenic agents or ionizing radiation. cancer - Krebskrankheit - kanker cancro + kanker + Krebskrankheit + @@ -3901,27 +15306,33 @@ urban community Body of people living in a town or city. communauté urbaine - Städtisches Gemeinwesen - stadsgemeenschap comunità urbana + stadsgemeenschap + Städtisches Gemeinwesen + + urban development document A written or printed text furnishing proposals or procedures for the improvement of living conditions, especially housing, for the inhabitants of a city or densely populated area. document d'urbanisme - Stadtentwicklungsdokument - stedelijke ontwikkelingsdocument documento urbanistico + stedelijke ontwikkelingsdocument + Stadtentwicklungsdokument + + periurban space Any expanse of land or region located on the outskirts of a city or town. espace périurbain - Stadtrandgebiet - voorstedelijk gebied spazio periurbano + voorstedelijk gebied + Stadtrandgebiet + + @@ -3929,18 +15340,25 @@ single family dwelling An unattached dwelling unit inhabited by an adult person plus one or more related persons. maison individuelle - Einfamilienhaus - eengezinswoning abitazione individuale + eengezinswoning + Einfamilienhaus + + + land use plan The key element of a comprehensive plan; describes the recommended location and intensity of development for public and private land uses, such as residential, commercial, industrial, recreational and agricultural. plan d'occupation des sols - Flächennutzungsplan - grondgebruiksplan piano di uso del suolo + grondgebruiksplan + Flächennutzungsplan + + + + @@ -3948,27 +15366,34 @@ urban planning and development The activity or process of preparing for the future arrangement and condition of an urban center, particularly the development of its physical lay-out, which would include the construction, reconstruction, conversion, alteration or enlargement of buildings and other structures, and the extension or use of undeveloped land. planification et développement urbain - Stadtplanung und -entwicklung - stadsplanning en -ontwikkeling pianificazione strutturale urbana + stadsplanning en -ontwikkeling + Stadtplanung und -entwicklung + land use regime Relation existing between the landowner and the tenant farmer who cultivates the land. régime foncier - Flächennutzungsverwaltung - grondgebruiksregime regime fondiario + grondgebruiksregime + Flächennutzungsverwaltung + + + + cancer risk The probability that exposure to some agent or substance will adversely transform cells to replicate and form a malignant tumor. risque de cancer - Krebsrisiko - risico op kanker rischio di cancro + risico op kanker + Krebsrisiko + + @@ -3978,97 +15403,116 @@ new town Any of several recent urban developments that constitute small and essentially self-sufficient cities with a planned ordering of residential, industrial, and commercial development. ville nouvelle - Neustadt - nieuwe gemeente città nuova + nieuwe gemeente + Neustadt + + pre-emption zone Areas that are subject to the pre-emption right which is a privilege accorded by the government to the actual settler upon a certain limited portion of the public domain, to purchase such tract at a fixed price to the exclusion of all other applicants. zone de préemption - Gebiet mit Vorkaufsrecht - zone die valt onder een recht van voorkoop zona di prelazione + zone die valt onder een recht van voorkoop + Gebiet mit Vorkaufsrecht + + + land-management intervention area Any expanse of land which requires a person or agency with authority to interpose or interfere in how it is used or administrated. zone d'intervention foncière - Eingriff in die Raumordnung - landbeheerinterventiegebied zona d'intervento fondiario + landbeheerinterventiegebied + Eingriff in die Raumordnung + + canid Carnivorous mammal in the superfamily Canoidea, including dogs and their allies. canidé - Canidae - hondachtige canidi + hondachtige + Canidae + rural architecture architecture rurale - Ländliche Architektur - plattelandsarchitectuur architettura rurale + plattelandsarchitectuur + Ländliche Architektur + traditional architecture architecture traditionnelle - Traditionelle Architektur - traditionele bouwstijl architettura tradizionale + traditionele bouwstijl + Traditionelle Architektur + building destruction The tearing down of buildings by mechanical means. destruction de bâtiment - Gebäudezerstörung - afbraak van gebouwen distruzione di edificio + afbraak van gebouwen + Gebäudezerstörung + municipal engineering Branch of engineering dealing with the form and functions of urban areas. génie urbain - Städtisches Ingenieurwesen - gemeentewerken ingegneria urbana + gemeentewerken + Städtisches Ingenieurwesen + + building restoration The accurate reestablishment of the form and details of a building, its artifacts, and the site on which it is located, usually as it appeared at a particular time. restauration de bâtiment - Gebäuderestaurierung - restauratie van gebouwen restauro di edificio + restauratie van gebouwen + Gebäuderestaurierung + + + + statutory declaration A declaration made in a prescribed form before a justice of the peace, notary public, or other person authorized to administer an oath. déclaration réglementaire - Eidesstattliche Erklärung - plechtige verklaring (eed) dichiarazione regolamentare + plechtige verklaring (eed) + Eidesstattliche Erklärung + quality standard norme de qualité - Qualitätsnorm - kwaliteitsnorm standard di qualità + kwaliteitsnorm + Qualitätsnorm + @@ -4078,27 +15522,30 @@ European standard A standard which has been approved pursuant to the statutes of the standards bodies with which the Community has concluded agreements. norme européenne - Europäische Norm - Europese norm standard europeo + Europese norm + Europäische Norm + ISO standard Documented agreements containing technical specifications or other precise criteria to be used consistently as rules, guidelines, or definitions of characteristics, to ensure that materials, products, processes and services are fit for their purpose. norme ISO - ISO-Norm - ISO-standaard standard ISO + ISO-standaard + ISO-Norm + technical regulation A government or management prescribed rule that provides detailed or stringent requirements, either directly or by referring to or incorporating the content of a standard, technical specification or code of practice. réglementation technique - Technische Vorschriften - technische richtlijn regolamentazione tecnica + technische richtlijn + Technische Vorschriften + @@ -4115,27 +15562,31 @@ codification The process of collecting and arranging systematically, usually by subject, the laws of a state or country, or the rules and regulations covering a particular area or subject of law or practice. codification - Kodifizierung - codificatie codifica + codificatie + Kodifizierung + doctrine (law) A rule, principle, theory, or tenet of the law, as the doctrine of merger, the doctrine of relation, etc. doctrine (droit) - Lehrmeinung - leer [wet] dottrina + leer [wet] + Lehrmeinung + transport law Rules concerning the movement of goods or persons by sea, railway or road. droit des transports - Transportrecht - vervoerswet diritto dei trasporti + vervoerswet + Transportrecht + + @@ -4144,18 +15595,24 @@ rural law A binding rule or body of rules prescribed by a government pertaining to matters of importance to residents of sparsely populated regions, especially agricultural and other economic issues. droit rural - Ländliches Recht - plattelandsrecht diritto rurale + plattelandsrecht + Ländliches Recht + + animal rights Just claims, legal guarantees or moral principles accorded to sentient, non-human species, including freedom from abuse, consumption, experimentation, use as clothing or performing for human entertainment. droits des animaux - Tierrechte - dierenrechten diritti degli animali + dierenrechten + Tierrechte + + + + @@ -4163,27 +15620,32 @@ rights of future generations The moral, legal or ethical claims of posterity on present people, based on the recognition that the young and unborn are vulnerable to contemporary decision-making, especially decisions having long-term effect on the societies and environment they inherit. droits des générations futures - Rechte der zukünftigen Generationen - rechten van toekomstige generaties diritti delle generazioni future + rechten van toekomstige generaties + Rechte der zukünftigen Generationen + + citizen rights Rights recognized and protected by law, pertaining to the members of a state. droits du citoyen - Bürgerrechte - burgerrechten diritti dei cittadini + burgerrechten + Bürgerrechte + + car A four-wheeled motor vehicle used for land transport, usually propelled by a gasoline or diesel internal combustion engine. automobile - Automobil - wagen automobile + wagen + Automobil + @@ -4192,26 +15654,30 @@ notice Factual information, advice or a written warning communicated to a person by an authorized source, often conveyed because of a legal or administrative rule requiring transmission of such information to all concerned parties. avis - Vermerk - bekendmaking notifica + bekendmaking + Vermerk + + circular mail A memorandum, letter or notice in either paper or electronic format distributed widely throughout an organization or to a general list of interested parties. circulaire - Rundschreiben - rondschrijven lettera circolare + rondschrijven + Rundschreiben + Community ruling décision communautaire - Gemeinschaftsregelung - gemeenschapswetgeving decisione comunitaria + gemeenschapswetgeving + Gemeinschaftsregelung + @@ -4219,9 +15685,10 @@ 1) A direction or command of a court. In this sense it is often used synonymously with judgment. 2) The document bearing the seal of the court recording its judgment in a case. ordre - Ordnung - orde provvedimento + orde + Ordnung + @@ -4232,9 +15699,11 @@ administrative instructions Education in the theories and practices of managing an office, business or organization. instruction administrative - Verwaltungsvorschrift - administratieve instructie istruzione amministrativa + administratieve instructie + Verwaltungsvorschrift + + @@ -4242,9 +15711,11 @@ technical instruction The education, instruction, or discipline pertaining to or connected with the mechanical or industrial arts and the applied sciences. instruction technique - Technische Anleitung - technisch onderrichting istruzione tecnica + technisch onderrichting + Technische Anleitung + + @@ -4252,9 +15723,10 @@ law (corpus of rules) A body of rules of action or conduct prescribed by controlling authority, and having binding legal force. droit (corpus de lois) - Gesetz - wet diritto + wet + Gesetz + @@ -4297,9 +15769,11 @@ hunting licence Official permission granted to individuals or commercial enterprises allowing and regulating by time, location, species, size or amount the wild animals or game that can be killed and taken from lands within a particular jurisdiction. permis de chasse - Jagdschein - jachtvergunning licenza di caccia + jachtvergunning + Jagdschein + + @@ -4307,9 +15781,11 @@ building permit Authorization required by local governmental bodies for the erection of an enclosed structure or for the major alteration or expansion of an existing edifice. permis de construire - Baugenehmigung - bouwvergunning licenza edilizia + bouwvergunning + Baugenehmigung + + @@ -4317,9 +15793,11 @@ fishing licence Official permission granted to individuals or commercial enterprises allowing and regulating by time, location, species, size or amount the fish that can be caught from rivers, lakes or ocean waters within a particular jurisdiction. permis de pêche - Fischereilizenz - visvergunning licenza di pesca + visvergunning + Fischereilizenz + + @@ -4328,18 +15806,20 @@ law draft The form in which proposed statutes, resolutions or special acts are introduced into a legislative body, before they are enacted or passed. projet de loi - Gesetzentwurf - wetsvoorstel progetto di legge + wetsvoorstel + Gesetzentwurf + regulation The act of regulating; a rule or order prescribed for management or government; a regulating principle; a precept. Rule of order prescribed by superior or competent authority relating to action on those under its control. règlement - Regulierung - verordening regolamento + verordening + Regulierung + @@ -4362,71 +15842,85 @@ transposition of directive transposition de directive - Umsetzung von Richtlinien - omzetting richtlijn trasposizione di direttiva + omzetting richtlijn + Umsetzung von Richtlinien + concession Any rebate, abatement, voluntary grant of or a yielding to a demand or claim, typically made by a government or controlling authority to an individual or organization. concession - Konzession - vergunning concessione + vergunning + Konzession + public discussion Consideration, commentary by argument or informal debate on some issue that is open and of concern to the general populace. débat public - Öffentliche Diskussion - openbare discussie dibattito pubblico + openbare discussie + Öffentliche Diskussion + declaration of public utility Administrative Act giving the right to take private property for public use. déclaration d'utilité publique - Gemeinnützigkeitserklärung - bekendmaking van algemeen nut dichiarazione di pubblica utilità + bekendmaking van algemeen nut + Gemeinnützigkeitserklärung + + private domain Generally, land and water owned by individuals or corporations as opposed to the state; in French civil law, any government property capable of being owned by non-public entities, which cannot be seized and which is restricted to the stipulated ownership and use. domaine privé - Privater Bereich - privaat domein proprietà privata (condizione) + privaat domein + Privater Bereich + public waterways domain Rivers, canals and lakes owned by the state as opposed to individuals or corporations. domaine public fluvial - Öffentlicher Wasserweg - openbare waterwegen demanio fluviale + openbare waterwegen + Öffentlicher Wasserweg + + + public maritime domain eas or ocean areas owned by the state as opposed to individuals or corporations. domaine public maritime - Öffentliche Meeresgebietsnutzung - openbaar zeegebied demanio marittimo + openbaar zeegebied + Öffentliche Meeresgebietsnutzung + + + + right of access droit d'accès - Zugangsberechtigung - openbaarheid diritto di passaggio + openbaarheid + Zugangsberechtigung + @@ -4435,18 +15929,20 @@ public benefit inquiry An investigation, especially a formal one conducted into a matter of public utility by a body constituted for that purpose by a government, local authority, or other organization. enquête d'utilité publique - Volksfürsorgeanhörung - onderzoek naar het algemene nut (van ...) inchiesta di pubblica utilità + onderzoek naar het algemene nut (van ...) + Volksfürsorgeanhörung + public inquiry An investigation, especially a formal one conducted into a matter of public utility by a body constituted for that purpose by a government, local authority, or other organization. enquête publique - Öffentliche Anhörung - openbaar onderzoek inchiesta pubblica + openbaar onderzoek + Öffentliche Anhörung + @@ -4455,36 +15951,40 @@ delegated management The process of assigning or transferring authority, decision making or a specific administrative function from one entity to another. gestion déléguée - Delegiertes Management - afgevaardigd beheer gestione delegata + afgevaardigd beheer + Delegiertes Management + state control The power or authority of a government to regulate or command industry, organizations, programs, initiatives and individuals. contrôle d'état - Staatliche Kontrolle - staatscontrole controllo statale + staatscontrole + Staatliche Kontrolle + easement The rights of use over the property of another; a burden on a piece of land causing the owner to suffer access by another. servitude - Erleichterung - erfdienstbaarheid servitù + erfdienstbaarheid + Erleichterung + crime Any act done in violation of those duties which an individual owes to the community, and for the breach of which the law has provided that the offender shall make satisfaction to the public. crime - Verbrechen - misdaad crimine + misdaad + Verbrechen + @@ -4495,72 +15995,81 @@ police power pouvoir de police - Polizeimacht - politiemacht potere di polizia + politiemacht + Polizeimacht + criminal law procedure The rules of law governing the procedure by which crimes are investigated, prosecuted, adjudicated, and punish. procédure pénale - Strafprozess - strafrechtelijke procedure procedura penale + strafrechtelijke procedure + Strafprozess + judgement (sentence) The official and authentic decision of a court of justice upon the respective rights and claims of the parties to an action or suit therein litigated and submitted to its determination. The final decision of the court resolving the dispute and determining the rights and obligations of the parties. The law's last word in a judicial controversy, it being the final determination by a court of the rights of the parties upon matters submitted to it in an action or proceeding. arrêt (droit) - Gerichtsurteil - vonnis sentenza + vonnis + Gerichtsurteil + conflict A state of opposition or disagreement between ideas, interests, etc. conflit - Konflikt - strijd conflitto + strijd + Konflikt + + litigation A judicial contest, a judicial controversy, a suit at law. contentieux - Rechtsstreit - procesvoering contenzioso + procesvoering + Rechtsstreit + administrative court (administration) An independent, specialized judicial tribunal in which judges or officials are authorized by a government agency to conduct hearings and render decisions in proceedings between the government agency and the persons, businesses or other organizations that it regulates. cour administrative - Verwaltungsgericht - administratieve rechter corte amministrativa + administratieve rechter + Verwaltungsgericht + Court of Justice of the European Communities Institution set up under Treaty of Rome to ensure that in interpretation and application of the Treaty the law is observed. It consists of judges from each member state, appointed for 6-year periods, assisted by three Advocates General. It sits in Luxembourg, expressing itself in judgements when called upon to do so in proceedings initiated by member states, institutions of the EC and natural or legal persons. Procedures are generally inquisitorial. Cour de justice des communautés européennes - Gerichtshof der Europäischen Gemeinschaften - Europees Hof van Justitie Corte di giustizia delle Comunità Europee + Europees Hof van Justitie + Gerichtshof der Europäischen Gemeinschaften + justice The correct application of law as opposed to arbitrariness. justice - Recht - gerechtigheid giustizia + gerechtigheid + Recht + @@ -4571,18 +16080,21 @@ trial A judicial examination and determination of issues between parties to action; whether they need issues of law or of fact. A judicial examination, in accordance with law of the land, of a cause, either civil or criminal, of the issues between the parties, whether of law or fact, before a court that has proper jurisdiction. procès - Prozeß - rechtszaak processo (legislazione) + rechtszaak + Prozeß + carbohydrate Any of the group of organic compounds composed of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen, including sugars, starches and celluloses. hydrate de carbone - Kohlenhydrat - koolhydraat carboidrati + koolhydraat + Kohlenhydrat + + @@ -4591,9 +16103,10 @@ court An organ of the government, belonging to the judicial department, whose function is the application of the laws to controversies brought before it and the public administration of justice. The presence of a sufficient number of the members of such a body regularly convened in an authorized place at an appointed time, engaged in the full and regular performance of its functions. A body in the government to which the administration of justice is delegated. A body organized to administer justice, and including both judge and jury. An incorporeal, political being, composed of one or more judges, who sit at fixed times and places, attended by proper officers, pursuant to lawful authority, for the administration of justice. An organized body with defined powers, meeting at certain times and places for the hearing and decision of causes and other matters brought before it, and aided in this, its proper business, by its proper officers, attorneys and counsel to present and manage the business, clerks to record and attest its acts and decisions, and ministerial officers to execute its commands, and secure due order in its proceedings. tribunal - Gericht - hof tribunale + hof + Gericht + @@ -4602,9 +16115,10 @@ carbon A nonmetallic element existing in the three crystalline forms: graphite, diamond and buckminsterfullerene: occurring in carbon dioxide, coal, oil and all organic compounds. carbone - Kohlenstoff - koolstof carbonio + koolstof + Kohlenstoff + @@ -4616,18 +16130,21 @@ lease Any agreement which gives rise to relationship of landlord and tenant (real property) or lessor and lessee (real or personal property). Contract for exclusive possession of lands or tenements for determinate period. Contract for possession and profits of lands and tenements either for life, or for certain period of time, or during the pleasure of the parties. bail - Mietvertrag - huur contratto di affitto + huur + Mietvertrag + certification The formal assertion in writing of some fact. certification - Zertifizierung - bevoegdheidsverklaring certificazione + bevoegdheidsverklaring + Zertifizierung + + @@ -4636,18 +16153,20 @@ homologation The approval given by the judge of certain acts and agreements for the purpose of rendering them more binding and executory. homologation - Billigung - bekrachtiging omologazione + bekrachtiging + Billigung + carbonate A salt or ester of carbonic acid. carbonate - Carbonat - carbonaat carbonato + carbonaat + Carbonat + @@ -4655,9 +16174,10 @@ notification Information concerning a fact, actually communicated to a person by an authorized person. notification - Meldung - aangifte notifica (azione) + aangifte + Meldung + @@ -4665,18 +16185,22 @@ pre-emption The right of first refusal to purchase land in the event that the grantor of the right should decide to sell. préemption - Vorkaufsrecht - voorkoop prelazione + voorkoop + Vorkaufsrecht + + + prescription Acquisition of a personal right to use a way, water, light and air by reason of continuous usage. Prescription is a peremptory and perpetual bar to every species of action, real or personal, when creditor has been silent for a certain time without urging his claim. prescription - Vorschrift - voorschrift prescrizione + voorschrift + Vorschrift + @@ -4684,63 +16208,74 @@ repression The act, as by power or authority, of arresting or inhibiting the communication of ideas or facts as expressed in a practice, movement, publication or piece of evidence in a court proceeding. répression - Unterdrückung - onderdrukking repressione + onderdrukking + Unterdrückung + devolution The act of assigning or entrusting authority, powers or functions to another as deputy or agent, typically to a subordinate in the administrative structure of an organization or institution. délégation de pouvoir - Devolution - degeneratie (biologisch) devoluzione + degeneratie (biologisch) + Devolution + pollutant flow The forward continuous motion or diffusion of polluting substances, or the rate or quantity in which polluting substances move from one place to another. flux de polluant - Schadstofffluß - stroom van verontreinigende stoffen flusso dell'inquinante + stroom van verontreinigende stoffen + Schadstofffluß + ocean-air interface The sea and the atmosphere are fluids in contact with one another, but in different energy states - the liquid and the gaseous. The free surface boundary between them inhibits, but by no means totally prevents, exchange of mass and energy between the two. Almost all interchanges across this boundary occur most effectively when turbulent conditions prevail. A roughened sea surface, large differences in properties between the water and the air, or an unstable air column that facilitates the transport of air volumes from sea surface to high in the atmosphere. Both heat and water (vapor) tend to migrate across the boundary in the direction from sea to air. Heat is exchanged by three processes: radiation, conduction, and evaporation. The largest net exchange is through evaporation, the process of transferring water from sea to air by vaporization of the water. interface air mer - Ozean-Luft Schnitstelle - grensvlak tussen het oceaanwater en de lucht interfaccia aria-mare + grensvlak tussen het oceaanwater en de lucht + Ozean-Luft Schnitstelle + + + + pollutant migration Uncontrolled movement, caused by percolation or other processes, of liquid or gaseous polluting materials from an original source area into other parts of an ecosystem. migration de polluant - Schadstoffwanderung - migratie van verontreinigende stoffen migrazione di inquinante + migratie van verontreinigende stoffen + Schadstoffwanderung + incidental pollution Pollution caused by oil spills, by the accidental release of radioactive substances, by the immission in water bodies or in the atmosphere of chemical substances deriving from industrial activities. pollution accidentelle - Zufällige Verunreinigung - toevallige vervuiling inquinamento accidentale + toevallige vervuiling + Zufällige Verunreinigung + bacteriological pollution Contamination of water, soil and air with pathogen bacteria. pollution bactériologique - Bakteriologische Verunreinigung - bacteriologische verontreiniging inquinamento batteriologico + bacteriologische verontreiniging + Bakteriologische Verunreinigung + + @@ -4748,27 +16283,31 @@ carbon cycle The cycle of carbon in the biosphere, in which plants convert carbon dioxide to organic compounds that are consumed by plants and animals, and the carbon is returned to the biosphere in inorganic form by processes of respiration and decay. cycle du carbone - Kohlenstoffkreislauf - koolstofcyclus ciclo del carbonio + koolstofcyclus + Kohlenstoffkreislauf + diffuse pollution Pollution from widespread activities with no one discrete source, e.g. acid rain, pesticides, urban run-off etc. pollution diffuse - Diffuse Verschmutzung - diffuse verontreiniging inquinamento diffuso + diffuse verontreiniging + Diffuse Verschmutzung + domestic pollution pollution domestique - Hausschmutz - huishoudelijke vervuiling inquinamento domestico + huishoudelijke vervuiling + Hausschmutz + + @@ -4776,18 +16315,21 @@ mineral pollution Pollution deriving from all classes of mining operations and having an adverse effect on aquatic life, water supplies and the recreational use of waters. pollution minérale - Mineralische Verunreinigung - anorganische vervuiling inquinamento minerale + anorganische vervuiling + Mineralische Verunreinigung + + organic pollution Pollution caused by animal or plant material derived from living and dead organisms that may contain pathogenic bacteria and negatively influences the environment. pollution organique - Organische Verunreinigung - organische vervuiling inquinamento organico + organische vervuiling + Organische Verunreinigung + @@ -4795,26 +16337,34 @@ photochemical pollution Air pollution containing ozone and other reactive chemical compounds formed by the action of sunlight on nitrogen oxides and hydrocarbons, especially those in automobile exhaust. pollution photochimique - Photochemische Verunreinigung - fotochemische vervuiling inquinamento fotochimico + fotochemische vervuiling + Photochemische Verunreinigung + + + land-based marine pollution pollution tellurique - Terrestrische Meeresverunreinigung - van het land afkomstige vervuiling van de zee inquinamento tellurico + van het land afkomstige vervuiling van de zee + Terrestrische Meeresverunreinigung + + + toxic pollution Pollution by toxic substances that produce a harmful effect on living organisms by physical contact, ingestion, or inhalation. pollution toxique - Toxische Verunreinigung - vervuiling met giftige stoffen inquinamento tossico + vervuiling met giftige stoffen + Toxische Verunreinigung + + @@ -4822,9 +16372,12 @@ river disposal Discharge of solid, liquid or gaseous waste into a river. rejet en cours d'eau - Entsorgung in Flüsse - rivierlozing emissione in corso d'acqua + rivierlozing + Entsorgung in Flüsse + + + @@ -4832,26 +16385,31 @@ underground disposal The discharge, dumping or emission of wastes below the surface of the soil. rejet en sous sol - Unterirdische Entsorgung - ondergrondse lozing smaltimento nel sottosuolo + ondergrondse lozing + Unterirdische Entsorgung + + urban pollutant polluant urbain - Stadtbedingter Schadstoff - stadsvervuiler emissione urbana + stadsvervuiler + Stadtbedingter Schadstoff + + prevention measure Measures taken in advance to prevent the occurrence of disasters or similar emergencies. mesure de prévention - Vorbeugungsmaßnahme - voorkomingsmaatregel misura di prevenzione + voorkomingsmaatregel + Vorbeugungsmaßnahme + @@ -4867,9 +16425,10 @@ protective measure Any precautionary action, procedure or installation conceived or undertaken to guard or defend from harm persons, property or the environment. mesure de protection - Schutzmaßnahme - beschermingsmaatregel misura di protezione + beschermingsmaatregel + Schutzmaßnahme + @@ -4882,18 +16441,20 @@ strong acidity High degree of ionization of an acid in water solution. acidité forte - Starke Acidität - hoge zuurtegraad acidità forte + hoge zuurtegraad + Starke Acidität + biomarker A normal metabolite that, when present in abnormal concentrations in certain body fluids, can indicate the presence of a particular disease or toxicological condition. biomarqueur - Biomarker - biomarker biomarcatore + biomarker + Biomarker + @@ -4901,9 +16462,11 @@ biological contamination The presence in the environment of living organisms or agents derived by viruses, bacteria, fungi, and mammal and bird antigens that can cause many health effects. contamination biologique - Biologische Verunreinigung - biologische vervuiling contaminazione biologica + biologische vervuiling + Biologische Verunreinigung + + @@ -4912,9 +16475,11 @@ chemical contamination The addition or presence of chemicals to, or in, another substance to such a degree as to render it unfit for its intended purpose. Also refers to the result(s) of such an addition or presence. contamination chimique - Chemische Verunreinigung - chemische vervuiling contaminazione chimica + chemische vervuiling + Chemische Verunreinigung + + @@ -4927,9 +16492,12 @@ biological effect of pollution Effects of pollution on living systems. effet biologique de la pollution - Biologische Schadstoffwirkung - biologisch effect van vervuiling effetto biologico dell'inquinamento + biologisch effect van vervuiling + Biologische Schadstoffwirkung + + + @@ -4939,9 +16507,11 @@ carbon dioxide A colourless gas with a faint tingling smell and taste. Atmospheric carbon dioxide is the source of carbon for plants. As carbon dioxide is heavier than air and does not support combustion, it is used in fire extinguishers. It is a normal constituent of the atmosphere, relatively innocuous in itself but playing an important role in the greenhouse effect. It is produced during the combustion of fossil fuels when the carbon content of the fuels reacts with the oxygen during combustion. It is also produced when living organisms respire. It is essential for plant nutrition and in the ocean phytoplankton is capable of absorbing and releasing large quantities of the gas. dioxyde de carbone - Kohlendioxid - kooldioxide diossido di carbonio + kooldioxide + Kohlendioxid + + @@ -4952,81 +16522,105 @@ irreversibility of the phenomenon That quality of a process that precludes a prior state from being attained again. irréversibilité du phénomène - Irreversibilität eines Phänomens - onomkeerbaarheid van het verschijnsel irreversibilità del fenomeno + onomkeerbaarheid van het verschijnsel + Irreversibilität eines Phänomens + + quality objective Any goal or target established for a product, service or endeavor that aspires to attain a relatively high grade or level of excellence. objectif de qualité - Qualitätsziel - kwaliteitsdoel(stelling) obiettivo di qualità + kwaliteitsdoel(stelling) + Qualitätsziel + solid particle Any tiny or very small mass of material that has a definite volume and shape and resists forces that would alter its volume or shape. particule solide - Feststoffteilchen - vast deeltje particella solida + vast deeltje + Feststoffteilchen + + + + purifying power Regenerative capacity of a system, of soils, water, etc. pouvoir épurateur - Reinigungskraft - zuiverend vermogen potere depuratore + zuiverend vermogen + Reinigungskraft + + + + + carbon dioxide tax Compulsory charges levied on fuels to reduce the output of carbon dioxide (CO2), which is a colourless and odourless gas substance that is incombustible. taxe sur le dioxyde de carbone - CO2-Abgabe - koolzuurheffing tassa sulla CO2 + koolzuurheffing + CO2-Abgabe + + + sensor The generic name for a device that senses either the absolute value or a change in a physical quantity such as temperature, pressure, flow rate, or pH, or the intensity of light, sound, or ratio waves and converts that change into a useful input signal for an information-gathering system. capteur - Sensor - sensor sonda + sensor + Sensor + + instrumentation Designing, manufacturing, and utilizing physical instruments or instrument systems for detection, observation, measurement, automatic control, automatic computation, communication, or data processing. instrumentation - Instrumentierung - instrumentatie strumentazione + instrumentatie + Instrumentierung + + metrology The science of measurement. métrologie - Metrologie - metrologie metrologia + metrologie + Metrologie + observation satellite Man-made device that orbits the earth, receiving, processing and transmitting signals and generating images such as weather pictures. satellite d'observation - Beobachtungssatellit - observatiesatelliet satellite da osservazione + observatiesatelliet + Beobachtungssatellit + + + + @@ -5037,9 +16631,10 @@ atrazine Herbicide belonging to the triazine group, widely employed and particularly in maize crops. It is highly toxic for phytoplancton and freshwater algae and, being highly soluble in water, it easily contaminates aquifers. atrazine - Atrazine - atrazine atrazina + atrazine + Atrazine + @@ -5047,9 +16642,10 @@ organic nitrogen nitrogen chemically bound in organic molecules such as proteins, amines, and amino acids azote organique - Organischer Stickstoff - organisch gebonden stikstof azoto organico + organisch gebonden stikstof + Organischer Stickstoff + @@ -5059,9 +16655,10 @@ halogenated compound A substance containing halogen atoms. composé halogéné - Halogenverbindung - halogeenverbinding composto alogenato + halogeenverbinding + Halogenverbindung + @@ -5070,44 +16667,51 @@ carbon monoxide Colorless, odourless, tasteless, non-corrosive, highly poisonous gas of about the same density as that of air. Very flammable, burning in air with bright blue flame. Although each molecule of CO has one carbon atom and one oxygen atom, it has a shape similar to that of an oxygen molecule (two atoms of oxygen), which is important with regard to it's lethality. monoxyde de carbone - Kohlenmonoxid - koolmonoxide monossido di carbonio + koolmonoxide + Kohlenmonoxid + + sulphur monoxide A gas at ordinary temperatures; produces an orange-red deposit when cooled to temperatures of liquid air; prepared by passing an electric discharge through a mixture of sulfur vapor and sulfur dioxide at low temperature. monoxyde de soufre - Schwefelmonoxid - zwavelmonoxide monossido di zolfo + zwavelmonoxide + Schwefelmonoxid + pyralene Chemical compound belonging to the polychlorinated biphenyls family, used in the production of electrical equipment which requires dielectric fluid such as power transformers and capacitors, as well as in hydraulic machinery, vacuum pumps, compressors and heat-exchanger fluids. pyralène - Pyralene - pyraleen piralene + pyraleen + Pyralene + asbestosis A non-malignant progressive, irreversible, lung disease, characterized by diffuse fibrosis, resulting from the inhalation of asbestos fibers. asbestose - Asbestose - asbestose asbestosi + asbestose + Asbestose + genotoxicity génotoxicité - Gentoxizität - genotoxiciteit genotossicità + genotoxiciteit + Gentoxizität + + @@ -5116,18 +16720,22 @@ intoxication The state of being poisoned; the condition produced by a poison which may be swallowed, inhaled, injected, or absorbed through the skin. intoxication - Intoxikation - vergiftiging intossicazione + vergiftiging + Intoxikation + + carcass disposal The disposal of slaughtered animals, other dead animal bodies and animal body parts after removal of the offal products. équarrissage - Tierkörperbeseitigung - karkasverwerking eliminazione di carogne + karkasverwerking + Tierkörperbeseitigung + + @@ -5135,27 +16743,33 @@ biological test The laboratory determination of the effects of substances upon specific living organisms. test biologique - Biotest - biologische proef test biologico + biologische proef + Biotest + + total organic carbon The amount of carbon covalently bound in organic compounds in a water sample. carbone organique total - Gesamtorganischer Kohlenstoff - totaal aan organische koolstof carbonio organico totale + totaal aan organische koolstof + Gesamtorganischer Kohlenstoff + + + chemical degradation The act or process of simplifying or breaking down a molecule into smaller parts, either naturally or artificially. décomposition chimique - Chemische Zersetzung - chemische ontbinding degradazione chimica + chemische ontbinding + Chemische Zersetzung + @@ -5163,54 +16777,61 @@ laboratory test Tests, examinations or evaluations performed in a laboratory. test de laboratoire - Laborversuch - laboratoriumproef test di laboratorio + laboratoriumproef + Laborversuch + biotic index Scale for showing the quality of an environment by indicating the types of organisms present in it (e.g. how clean a river is). indice biotique - Biotischer Index - biotische index indice biotico + biotische index + Biotischer Index + oxidisable material Substance that can undergo a chemical reaction with oxygen. matière oxydable - Oxidierbarer Stoff - oxydeerbare stof sostanza ossidabile + oxydeerbare stof + Oxidierbarer Stoff + dissolved oxygen The amount of oxygen dissolved in a stream, river or lake is an indication of the degree of health of the stream and its ability to support a balanced aquatic ecosystem. The oxygen comes from the atmosphere by solution and from photosynthesis of water plants. The maximum amount of oxygen that can be held in solution in a stream is termed the saturation concentration and, as it is a function of temperature, the greater the temperature, the less the saturation amount. The discharge of an organic waste to a stream imposes an oxygen demand on the stream. If there is an excessive amount of organic matter, the oxidation of waste by microorganisms will consume oxygen more rapidly than it can be replenished. When this happens, the dissolved oxygen is depleted and results in the death of the higher forms of life. oxygène dissous - Gelöster Sauerstoff - opgeloste zuurstof ossigeno disciolto + opgeloste zuurstof + Gelöster Sauerstoff + + photodegradation The capability of being decomposed by prolonged exposure to light. photodécomposition - Photodegradation - afbraak onder invloed van licht fotodegradazione + afbraak onder invloed van licht + Photodegradation + insoluble substance Substance incapable of forming a solution, especially in water. substance insoluble - Unlöslicher Stoff - onoplosbare stof sostanza insolubile + onoplosbare stof + Unlöslicher Stoff + @@ -5218,9 +16839,11 @@ non-volatile substance Substance that is not capable of changing from a solid or liquid form to a vapour. substance non volatile - Nicht flüchtiger Stoff - niet-vluchtige stof sostanza non volatile + niet-vluchtige stof + Nicht flüchtiger Stoff + + @@ -5228,9 +16851,11 @@ weakly degradable substance A substance that is not easily converted to another, usually less complex compound. substance peu dégradable - Schwach abbaubarer Stoff - gemakkelijk afbreekbare stof sostanza poco degradabile + gemakkelijk afbreekbare stof + Schwach abbaubarer Stoff + + @@ -5240,9 +16865,11 @@ volatile substance A substance capable of readily changing from a solid or liquid form to a vapour; having a high vapour pressure and a low boiling point. substance volatile - Flüchtiger Stoff - vluchtige stof sostanza volatile + vluchtige stof + Flüchtiger Stoff + + @@ -5251,9 +16878,10 @@ chemical corrosivity The tendency of a metal to wear away another by chemical attack. corrosivité chimique - Chemische Korrosivität - chemische corrosiekracht aggressività chimica + chemische corrosiekracht + Chemische Korrosivität + @@ -5261,9 +16889,11 @@ physicochemical analysis Analysis based on the physical changes associated with chemical reactions. analyse physico-chimique - Physikalisch-chemische Analyse - fysico-chemische analyse analisi chimico-fisica + fysico-chemische analyse + Physikalisch-chemische Analyse + + @@ -5271,9 +16901,10 @@ carcinogenicity The ability or tendency of a substance or physical agent to cause or produce cancer. cancérigènicité - Kanzerogenität - het kankerverwekkend zijn cancerogenicità + het kankerverwekkend zijn + Kanzerogenität + @@ -5282,9 +16913,10 @@ experimental study Study based on experimentation. étude expérimentale - Experimentalstudie - experimentele studie studio sperimentale + experimentele studie + Experimentalstudie + @@ -5292,9 +16924,10 @@ 1) The determination of the different grain size in a granular material. 2) The proportion by weight of particles of different sizes in granular material. granulométrie - Körnung - granulometrie granulometria + granulometrie + Körnung + @@ -5303,9 +16936,11 @@ carcinogenicity test Test for assessing if a chemical or physical agent increases the risk of cancer. The three major ways of testing for carcinogens are animals tests, epidemiological studies and bacterial tests. test de cancérigénicité - Kanzerogenitätsprüfung - test van het kankerverwekkend zijn test sulla carcinogenità + test van het kankerverwekkend zijn + Kanzerogenitätsprüfung + + @@ -5313,18 +16948,21 @@ drawing To cause to discharge from an abscess or wound or to obtain a sample of tissue or organic liquid for examination. prélèvement - Probenahme (English = sampling) - tekening prelievo + tekening + Probenahme (English = sampling) + chemical product A substance characterized by definite molecular composition. produit chimique - Chemisches Produkt - chemisch product prodotto chimico + chemisch product + Chemisches Produkt + + @@ -5362,18 +17000,21 @@ flammable product Material having the ability to generate a sufficient concentration of combustible vapors to produce a flame, if ignited. produit inflammable - Brennbares Produkt - brandbare stof prodotto infiammabile + brandbare stof + Brennbares Produkt + organoleptic property Properties that can be perceived by sense organs. propriété organoleptique - Organoleptische Eigenschaft - organoleptische eigenschappen proprietà organolettiche + organoleptische eigenschappen + Organoleptische Eigenschaft + + @@ -5381,9 +17022,12 @@ carcinogen A substance that causes cancer in humans and animals. cancérigène - Kanzerogener Stoff - kankerverwekkende stof carcinogeno + kankerverwekkende stof + Kanzerogener Stoff + + + @@ -5391,9 +17035,11 @@ hearing system The system that is concerned with the perception of sound, is mediated through the organ of Corti of the ear in mammals or through corresponding sensory receptors of the lagena in lower vertebrates, is normally sensitive in man to sound vibrations between 16 and 27.000 cycles per second but most receptive to those between 2.000 and 5.000 cycles per second, is conducted centrally by the cochlear branch of the auditory nerve, and is coordinated especially in the medial geniculate body. système auditif - Gehörorgan - gehoor(systeem) sistema uditivo + gehoor(systeem) + Gehörorgan + + @@ -5401,35 +17047,42 @@ cardiovascular system Those structures, including the heart and blood vessels, which provide channels for the flow of blood. système cardiovasculaire - Herzkreislaufsystem - hart en bloedvaten sistema cardiovascolare + hart en bloedvaten + Herzkreislaufsystem + + cardiology The study of the heart. cardiologie - Kardiologie - kennis hart-en vaatziekten cardiologia + kennis hart-en vaatziekten + Kardiologie + + cardiovascular disease maladie cardiovasculaire - Kreislauferkrankung - hart- en vaatziekten malattia cardiovascolare + hart- en vaatziekten + Kreislauferkrankung + enterovirus Any of a subgroup of the picornaviruses infecting the gastrointestinal tract and discharged in feces, including coxsackieviruses, echoviruses, and polioviruses; may be involved in respiratory disease, meningitis, and neurological disease. entérovirus - Enterovirus - enterovirus enterovirus + enterovirus + Enterovirus + + @@ -5437,18 +17090,21 @@ animal biology The scientific study of the natural processes of animals. biologie animale - Tierbiologie - dierenbiologie biologia animale + dierenbiologie + Tierbiologie + plant biology The scientific study of the natural processes of plants. biologie végétale - Pflanzenbiologie - plantenkunde biologia vegetale + plantenkunde + Pflanzenbiologie + + @@ -5456,9 +17112,10 @@ genetic pool The total number of genes or the amount of genetic information possessed by all the reproductive members of a population of sexually reproducing organisms. patrimoine génétique - Genpool - de gezamenlijke genen (van een soort) patrimonio genetico + de gezamenlijke genen (van een soort) + Genpool + @@ -5467,27 +17124,31 @@ hearing acuity Effectiveness of hearing. acuité auditive - Hörschärfe - scherpte van het gehoor acuità uditiva + scherpte van het gehoor + Hörschärfe + + decibel A unit used to express relative difference on power, usually between acoustic or electric signals, equal to ten times the common logarithm of the ratio of the two level. décibel - Dezibel - decibel decibel + decibel + Dezibel + acoustical quality The characteristics of a confined space that determines its ability to enable music and speech to be heard clearly within it. qualité acoustique - Akustische Qualität - geluidskwaliteit qualità acustica + geluidskwaliteit + Akustische Qualität + @@ -5495,18 +17156,20 @@ Caribbean Area A geographical region bordered on the south by South America and Panama, and on the west by Central America, and consisting of the West Indian, and nearby, islands and the Caribbean Sea, a part of the western Atlantic Ocean. Caraïbes (les) - Karibik - Caraïbische Zee Area Caraibica + Caraïbische Zee + Karibik + noise spectrum The range of frequencies occurring in the noise emitted by a source. spectre de bruit - Geräuschspektrum - geluidsspectrum spettro del rumore + geluidsspectrum + Geräuschspektrum + @@ -5515,9 +17178,10 @@ carnivore An animal that eats meat. carnivores - Tierfresser - vleeseters carnivori + vleeseters + Tierfresser + @@ -5529,18 +17193,22 @@ mechanical vibration A motion, usually unintentional and often undesirable, of parts of machines and structures. vibration mécanique - Mechanische Schwingung - machinetrilling vibrazione meccanica + machinetrilling + Mechanische Schwingung + + airborne noise Noise caused by the movement of large volumes of air and the use of high-pressure air. bruit aérien - Luftschall - via lucht overgedragen geluid rumore aereo + via lucht overgedragen geluid + Luftschall + + @@ -5548,18 +17216,21 @@ background noise Noise coming from source other than the noise source being monitored. bruit de fond - Hintergrundgeräusch - achtergrondgeluid rumore di fondo + achtergrondgeluid + Hintergrundgeräusch + rolling noise Deeply resounding, reverberating noise caused by the friction between car tyres and road surfaces. bruit de roulement - Rollgeräusch - rolgeluid rumore di rotolamento + rolgeluid + Rollgeräusch + + @@ -5567,17 +17238,21 @@ neighbourhood noise General noise from a local source (such as the noise of a factory) which is disturbing to people living in the area. bruit de voisinage - Nachbarschaftslärm - omgevingsgeluid rumore di vicinato + omgevingsgeluid + Nachbarschaftslärm + + acoustic comfort confort acoustique - Akustisches Wohlbefinden - geluidscomfort comfort acustico + geluidscomfort + Akustisches Wohlbefinden + + @@ -5585,9 +17260,13 @@ noise exposure plan A formulated or systematic method to prevent the effects of being subjected to loud or harsh sounds. plan d'exposition au bruit - Lärmexpositionsplan - plan met betrekking tot blootstelling aan lawaai piano di esposizione al rumore + plan met betrekking tot blootstelling aan lawaai + Lärmexpositionsplan + + + + @@ -5595,18 +17274,24 @@ tidal power station Power station where the generation of power is provided by the ebb and flow of the tides. The principle is that water collected at high tide behind a barrage is released at low tide to turn a turbine that, in turn, drives a generator. centrale marémotrice - Gezeitenkraftwerk - getijcentrale centrale mareomotrice + getijcentrale + Gezeitenkraftwerk + + + + hydroelectric energy The free renewable source of energy provided by falling water that drives the turbines. Hydropower is the most important of the regenerable energy sources because of its highest efficiency at the energy conversion. There are two types of hydroelectric power plants: a) run-of-river power plants for the use of affluent water; b) storage power plants (power stations with reservoir) where the influx can be regulated with the help of a reservoir. Mostly greater differences in altitudes are being used, like mountain creeks. Power stations with reservoirs are generally marked by barrages with earth fill dam or concrete dams. Though hydropower generally can be called environmentally acceptable, there exist also some problems: a) change of groundwater level and fill up of the river bed with rubble. b) Risk of dam breaks. c) Great demand for land space for the reservoir. d) Diminution, but partly also increase of value of recreation areas. As the hydropowers of the world are limited, the world energy demand however is rising, finally the share of hydropower will decrease. énergie hydroélectrique - Hydroelektrische Energie - waterkracht energia idroelettrica + waterkracht + Hydroelektrische Energie + + @@ -5615,27 +17300,35 @@ small power station Power station of small size for the generation of energy at local level. microcentrale - Kleinkraftwerk - kleine electriciteitscentrale microcentrale + kleine electriciteitscentrale + Kleinkraftwerk + + + water mill A mill whose power is provided by a large wheel which is turned by moving water, especially a river. moulin à eau - Wassermühle - watermolen mulino ad acqua + watermolen + Wassermühle + + + + ecological carrying capacity 1) The maximum number of species an area can support during the harshest part of the year, or the maximum biomass it can support indefinitely. 2) The maximum number of grazing animals an area can support without deterioration. capacité de charge écologique - Ökologische Belastbarkeit - ecologische draagvermogen capacità portante dell'ambiente + ecologische draagvermogen + Ökologische Belastbarkeit + @@ -5647,9 +17340,11 @@ carry-over effect Effect caused by the successive passages of polluting substances through the different organisms of a food chain. effet de report - Carry-over - (vertraagde) doorwerking(seffect) effetto rimbalzo + (vertraagde) doorwerking(seffect) + Carry-over + + @@ -5657,9 +17352,13 @@ power station derating The process by which a power plant is finally taken out of operation. déclassement de centrale - Steuerbefreiung von Kraftwerken - onderbelasting van een elektriciteitscentrale declassamento di centrale + onderbelasting van een elektriciteitscentrale + Steuerbefreiung von Kraftwerken + + + + @@ -5667,27 +17366,36 @@ adsorption The physical or chemical bonding of molecules of gas, liquid or a dissolved substance to the external surface of a solid or the internal surface, if the material is porous, in a very thin layer. adsorption - Adsorption - adsorptie adsorbimento + adsorptie + Adsorption + + + + + cartography The making of maps and charts for the purpose of visualizing spatial distributions over various areas of the earth. cartographie - Kartographie - kartografie cartografia + kartografie + Kartographie + + radioelement An element that is naturally radioactive. radioélément - Radioaktives Element - radioactief element radioelemento + radioactief element + Radioaktives Element + + @@ -5699,27 +17407,34 @@ fast reactor Nuclear reactor which produces more fissile material than it consumes, using fast-moving neutrons and making plutonium-239 from uranium-238, thereby increasing the reactor's efficiency. surgénérateur - Schneller Reaktor - snelle reactor reattore veloce + snelle reactor + Schneller Reaktor + + + + contaminated area Any site or region that is damaged, harmed or made unfit for use by the introduction of unwanted substances, particularly microorganisms, chemicals, toxic and radioactive materials and wastes. zone contaminée - Kontaminierte Böden - vervuild gebied zona contaminata + vervuild gebied + Kontaminierte Böden + + atmospheric aerosol Particulate matter suspended in the air. The particulate matter may be in the form of dusts, fumes, or mist. Aerosols in the atmosphere are the form in which pollutants such as smoke are dispersed. aérosol atmosphérique - Atmosphärischer Aerosol - atmosferische aërosol aerosol atmosferico + atmosferische aërosol + Atmosphärischer Aerosol + @@ -5730,18 +17445,25 @@ car tyre A rubber ring placed over the rim of a wheel of a road vehicle to provide traction and reduce road shocks, especially a hollow inflated ring consisting of a reinforced outer casing enclosing an inner tube. pneu d'automobile - Autoreifen - autoband pneumatico per automobile + autoband + Autoreifen + + + + biofuel A gaseous, liquid, or solid fuel that contains an energy content derived from a biological source. The organic matter that makes up living organisms provides a potential source of trapped energy that is beginning to be exploited to supply the ever-increasing energy demand around the world. An example of a biofuel is rapeseed oil, which can be used in place of diesel fuel in modified engines. The methyl ester of this oil, rapeseed methyl ester (RME), can be used in unmodified diesel engines and is sometimes known as biodiesel. Other biofuels include biogas and gasohol. biocarburant - Biokraftstoff - biologische brandstof biocarburante + biologische brandstof + Biokraftstoff + + + @@ -5755,9 +17477,13 @@ forest deterioration Reduction of tree population in forests caused by acidic precipitation, forest fires, air pollution, deforestation, pests and diseases of trees, wildlife, etc. dépérissement forestier - Waldsterben - achteruitgang van het bos deperimento forestale + achteruitgang van het bos + Waldsterben + + + + @@ -5766,18 +17492,22 @@ ethanol A colorless liquid, miscible with water, used as a reagent and solvent. Also known as alcohol; ethyl alcohol; grain alcohol. éthanol - Ethanol - ethanol etanolo + ethanol + Ethanol + motor vehicle pollution Pollution caused by gases vented to the atmosphere by internal-combustion-engine driven vehicles. pollution automobile - Verunreinigung durch Kraftfahrzeuge - vervuiling door motorvoertuigen inquinamento da automobili + vervuiling door motorvoertuigen + Verunreinigung durch Kraftfahrzeuge + + + @@ -5786,18 +17516,22 @@ atmospheric fallout The sedimentation of dust or fine particles from the atmosphere. retombée atmosphérique - Atmosphärischer Fallout - atmosferische radioactieve neerslag ricaduta atmosferica + atmosferische radioactieve neerslag + Atmosphärischer Fallout + + clean air car Vehicles that function without emitting pollutants in the atmosphere. voiture propre - Umweltfreundliches Auto - milieuvriendelijke wagen veicolo ecologico + milieuvriendelijke wagen + Umweltfreundliches Auto + + @@ -5805,27 +17539,31 @@ cash crop Crops that are grown for sale in the town markets or for export. They include coffee, cocoa, sugar, vegetables, peanuts and non-foods, like tobacco and cotton. Huge areas of countries in the developing world have been turned over to cash crops. Those countries with no mineral or oil resources depend on cash crops for foreign money, so that they can import materials do develop roads, for construction, or to buy Western consumer goods and, indeed, food. However, critics argue that cash crops are planted on land that would otherwise be used to grow food for the local community and say this is a cause of world famine. Cash crops, such as peanuts, can ruin the land if it is not left fallow after six years of harvests. Moreover, if the best agricultural land is used for cash crops, local farmers are forced to use marginal land to grow food for local consumption, and this has a further dramatic effect on the environment. culture industrielle - Nutzpflanze - marktgewas coltivazione commerciale + marktgewas + Nutzpflanze + palaeoclimatology The study of paleoclimates throughout geologic time, and of the causes of their variations, on either a local or a worldwide basis. It involves the interpretation of glacial deposits, fossils and sedimentologic and other types of data. paléoclimatologie - Paläoklimatologie - paleoklimatologie paleoclimatologia + paleoklimatologie + Paläoklimatologie + + continental climate A climate characterized by hot summers, cold winters, and little rainfall, typical of the interior of a continent. climat continental - Kontinentalklima - vastelandsklimaat clima continentale + vastelandsklimaat + Kontinentalklima + @@ -5833,54 +17571,60 @@ desert climate A climate type which is characterized by insufficient moisture to support appreciable plant life; that is, a climate of extreme aridity. climat désertique - Wüstenklima - woestijnklimaat clima desertico + woestijnklimaat + Wüstenklima + equatorial climate Climate characterized by constant temperatures, abundant rainfall and a very short dry season. climat équatorial - Äquatoriales Klima - equatoriaal klimaat clima equatoriale + equatoriaal klimaat + Äquatoriales Klima + Mediterranean climate A type of climate characterized by hot, dry, sunny summers and a winter rainy season; basically, this is the opposite of a monsoon climate. Also known as etesian climate. climat méditerranéen - Mittelmeerklima - Middellandse-zeeklimaat clima mediterraneo + Middellandse-zeeklimaat + Mittelmeerklima + mountain climate Very generally, the climate of relatively high elevations; mountain climates are distinguished by the departure of their characteristics from those of surrounding lowlands, and the one common basis for this distinction is that of atmospheric rarefaction; aside from this, great variety is introduced by differences in latitude, elevation, and exposure to the sun; thus, there exists no single, clearly defined, mountain climate. Also known as highland climate. climat montagnard - Bergklima - bergklimaat clima montano + bergklimaat + Bergklima + oceanic climate A regional climate which is under the predominant influence of the sea, that is, a climate characterized by oceanity; the antithesis of a continental climate. climat océanique - Meeresklima - oceaanklimaat clima oceanico + oceaanklimaat + Meeresklima + temperate climate The climate of the middle latitudes; the climate between the extremes of tropical climate and polar climate. climat tempéré - Gemäßigtes Klima - gematigd klimaat clima temperato + gematigd klimaat + Gemäßigtes Klima + @@ -5888,36 +17632,42 @@ tropical climate A climate which is typical of equatorial and tropical regions, that is, one with continually high temperatures and with considerable precipitation, at least during part of the year. climat tropical - Trophisches Klima - tropisch klimaat clima tropicale + tropisch klimaat + Trophisches Klima + atmospheric inversion A temperature inversion in the atmosphere in which the temperature, instead of falling, increases with height above the ground. With the colder and heavier air below, there is no tendency to form upward currents and turbulence is suppressed. Inversions are often formed in the late afternoon when the radiation emitted from the ground exceeds that received from the sinking sun. Inversions are also caused by katabatic winds, that is cold winds flowing down the hillside into a valley, and by anticyclones. In inversion layers, both vertical and horizontal diffusion is inhibited and pollutants become trapped, sometimes for long periods. Low-level discharges of pollutants are more readily trapped by inversions than high level dischargers, hence the case for high stacks. Furthermore, high level discharges into an inversion tend to remain at a high level because of the absence of vertical mixing. inversion thermique - atmosphärische Inversion - atmosferische inversie inversione atmosferica + atmosferische inversie + atmosphärische Inversion + thunderstorm A storm caused by strong rising air currents and characterized by thunder and lightning and usually heavy rain or hail. orage - Gewitter - onweersbui temporale + onweersbui + Gewitter + + + catalysis A phenomenon in which a relatively small amount of substance augments the rate of a chemical reaction without itself being consumed. catalyse - Katalyse - katalyse catalisi + katalyse + Katalyse + @@ -5925,45 +17675,55 @@ glaze A coating of ice, generally clear and smooth but usually containing some air pockets, formed on exposed objects by the freezing of a film of supercooled water deposited by rain, drizzle, or fog, or possibly condensed from supercooled water vapour. verglas - Glatteis - beglazen gelicidio + beglazen + Glatteis + + exploitation of underground water The process of extracting underground water from a source. exploitation de nappe souterraine - Untergrundwassergewinnung - aftappen van ondergronds water sfruttamento della falda + aftappen van ondergronds water + Untergrundwassergewinnung + + water infiltration into the ground The movement of surface water into soil or rock through cracks and pores. infiltration d'eau dans le sol - Wasserinfiltration in den Boden - doorsijpeling van water in de bodem infiltrazione di acqua nel suolo + doorsijpeling van water in de bodem + Wasserinfiltration in den Boden + + adult A person who is fully grown, developed or of a specified age. adulte - Erwachsene - volwassene adulto + volwassene + Erwachsene + + catalyst A substance whose presence alters the rate at which a chemical reaction proceeds, but whose own composition remains unchanged by the reaction. Catalysts are usually employed to accelerate reactions(positive catalyst), but retarding (negative) catalysts are also used. catalyseur - Katalysator - katalysator (stof) catalizzatore + katalysator (stof) + Katalysator + + @@ -5972,18 +17732,23 @@ water table Water that occupies pores, cavities, cracks and other spaces in the crustal rocks. It includes water precipitated from the atmosphere which has percolated through the soil, water that has risen from deep magmatic sources liberated during igneous activity and fossil water retained in sedimentary rocks since their formation. The presence of groundwater is necessary for virtually all weathering processes to operate. Phreatic water is synonymous with groundwater and is the most important source of any water supply. nappe phréatique - Freies Grundwasser - freatisch water falda freatica + freatisch water + Freies Grundwasser + + water catchment protection Precautionary actions, procedures or installations undertaken to prevent or reduce harm to the environmental integrity of drainage areas used to catch water, such as reservoirs or basins. protection de zone de captage de l'eau - Schutz des Wassereinzugsbereichs - bescherming van een stroomgebied protezione della captazione + bescherming van een stroomgebied + Schutz des Wassereinzugsbereichs + + + @@ -5991,18 +17756,25 @@ water table protection Water table is inherently susceptible to contamination from landuse activities. Remediation is very expensive and often impractical. Prevention of contamination is therefore critical in effective groundwater management. protection des niveaux d'eau - Wasserstandschutz - handhaving van de waterstanden protezione delle falde + handhaving van de waterstanden + Wasserstandschutz + + + catalytic converter Catalytic converters are designed to clean up the exhaust fumes from petrol-driven vehicles, which are otherwise the major threat to air quality standards in congested urban streets and on motorways. Converters remove carbon monoxide, the unburned hydrocarbons and the oxides of nitrogen. These compounds are damaging to human health and the environment in a variety of ways. The converter is attached to the vehicle' s exhaust near the engine. Exhaust gases pass through the cellular ceramic substrate, a honeycomb-like filter. While compact, the intricate honeycomb structure provides a surface area of 23.000 square metres. This is coated with a thin layer of platinum, palladium and rhodium metals, which act as catalysts that simulate a reaction to changes in the chemical composition of the gases. Platinum and palladium convert hydrocarbons and carbon monoxide into carbon dioxide and water vapour. Rhodium changes nitrogen oxides and hydrocarbons into nitrogen and water, which are harmless. pot catalytique - Abgaskatalysator - katalysator (toestel) marmitta catalitico + katalysator (toestel) + Abgaskatalysator + + + + @@ -6011,36 +17783,42 @@ flood runoff The total quantity of water flowing from the catchment during the period of the flood. écoulement des crues - Hochwasserabfluß - afvoer van overgestroomd water deflusso della piena + afvoer van overgestroomd water + Hochwasserabfluß + silting up The filling or partial filling with silt of a reservoir that receives fine-grained sediment brought in by streams and surface runoff. remplissage de réservoir (barrage) - Stauseefüllung - het vol laten lopen van een spaarbekken interrimento di invaso + het vol laten lopen van een spaarbekken + Stauseefüllung + + hydrometry The science and technology of measuring specific gravities, particularly of liquids. hydrométrie - Hydrometrie - hydrometrie idrometria + hydrometrie + Hydrometrie + + catastrophe A sudden, widespread disaster or calamity that greatly exceeds the resources of an area or region. catastrophe - Katastrophe - ramp catastrofe + ramp + Katastrophe + @@ -6050,27 +17828,32 @@ flood forecast The hydrological processes generating river floods have been studied extensively and several modelling concepts have been proposed. The standard procedure for flood forecasting consists of calibrating the parameters of the model of a particular river basin on a representative set of historical hydrometric data and subsequently applying this calibrated model in a real-time environment. prévision des crues - Hochwasserprognose - overstromingsvoorspelling previsione delle piene + overstromingsvoorspelling + Hochwasserprognose + + hydrographic network The configuration or arrangement in plan view of the natural stream courses in an area. It is related to local geologic and geomorphologic features and history. Synonym: drainage pattern. réseau hydrographique - Hydrographisches Netz - hydrografisch netwerk rete idrografica + hydrografisch netwerk + Hydrographisches Netz + sedimentology The scientific study of sedimentary rocks and of the processes by which they were formed; the description, classification, origin, and interpretation of sediments. sédimentologie - Sedimentologie - sedimentologie sedimentologia + sedimentologie + Sedimentologie + + @@ -6078,9 +17861,12 @@ 1) The drainage basin of a stream. 2) An area occupied by a lake and its drainage basin. bassin hydrographique - Hydrographisches Becken - hydrografisch bekken bacino idrografico + hydrografisch bekken + Hydrographisches Becken + + + @@ -6094,18 +17880,24 @@ 1) An area from which surface runoff is carried away by a single drainage system. 2) The area of land bounded by watersheds draining into a river, basin or reservoir. bassin versant - Gewässereinzugsgebiet - stroomgebied area di raccolta delle acque + stroomgebied + Gewässereinzugsgebiet + + + bathing freshwater Freshwater in which bathing is explicitly authorised or in which bathing is not prohibited and is traditionally practised by a large number of bathers. Water in such areas must meet specified quality standards relating to chemical, microbiological and physical parameters. eau de baignade douce - Badegewässer (Süßwasser) - zwemwater (zoet) acqua dolce idonea a balneazione + zwemwater (zoet) + Badegewässer (Süßwasser) + + + @@ -6113,36 +17905,45 @@ demesnial water A body of water that is owned and maintained by a national governmental body or agency. eau domaniale - Privatgewässer - waterbezit acque demaniali + waterbezit + Privatgewässer + + non-demesnial water A body of water that is owned and maintained by an individual or entity other than the national government. eau non domaniale - Öffentliches Gewässer - water dat niet onder de territoriale eigendomsrechten valt acque non demaniali + water dat niet onder de territoriale eigendomsrechten valt + Öffentliches Gewässer + + + bog A commonly used term in Scotland and Ireland for a stretch waterlogged, spongy ground, chiefly composed of decaying vegetable matter, especially of rushes, cotton grass, and sphagnum moss. tourbière - Moor - (veen)moeras torbiera acida + (veen)moeras + Moor + water desalination Any mechanical procedure or process where some or all of the salt is removed from water. dessalement de l'eau - Wasserentsalzung - ontzilting van water desalinazione dell'acqua + ontzilting van water + Wasserentsalzung + + + @@ -6152,27 +17953,33 @@ bathing seawater Sea waters in which bathing is explicitly authorised or in which bathing is not prohibited and is traditionally practised by a large number of bathers. Water in such areas must meet specified quality standards relating to chemical, microbiological and physical parameters. eau de baignade marine - Badegewässer (Meerwasser) - zwemwater (zout) acqua marina idonea a balneazione + zwemwater (zout) + Badegewässer (Meerwasser) + + + ocean outfall The mouth or outlet of a river, drain, sewer or any other place at which drainage or wastewater is discharged into a body of oceanic water. émissaire marin - Meeresauslaß - oceaanmonding emissario in mare + oceaanmonding + Meeresauslaß + ocean exploitation The utilization of the ocean for its food resources, mineral resources, and energy and water sources. exploitation des océans - Ausbeutung des Ozeans - exploitatie van de oceaan sfruttamento degli oceani + exploitatie van de oceaan + Ausbeutung des Ozeans + + @@ -6180,81 +17987,99 @@ swell A regular movement of marine waves created by wind stress in the open ocean which travels considerable distances away from the generating field and into another wind field. The waves are characterized by relatively smooth, generally unbroken, crests and a fairly regular wavelength, but swell increases in wavelength and decreases in wave height as it moves away from the generating area. Local wind waves may be superimposed upon swell waves as they approach a coastline, thereby creating sharper crests and a choppy sea. houle - Anschwellen - golvenstroming op zee mareggio + golvenstroming op zee + Anschwellen + + estuary pollution Contamination of the generally broad portion of a stream near its outlet which is influenced by the tide of the water body into which it flows. Many estuaries have become badly contaminated by wastes that have been generated from heavily populated areas. pollution d'estuaire - Ästuarverschmutzung - estuariumvervuiling inquinamento di estuario + estuariumvervuiling + Ästuarverschmutzung + + + river management The administration or handling of a waterway or a stream of flowing water. gestion de cours d'eau - Fließgewässerwirtschaft - rivierbeheer sfruttamento razionale dei corsi d'acqua + rivierbeheer + Fließgewässerwirtschaft + + + flushing Removing lodged deposits of rock fragments and other debris by water flow at high velocity; used to clean water conduits and drilled boreholes. rinçage - Spülen - uitspoeling spurgo + uitspoeling + Spülen + canal lock A chamber with gates on both ends connecting two sections of a canal or other waterway, to raise or lower the water level in each section. écluse - Kanalschleuse - kanaalsluis conca (navigazione) + kanaalsluis + Kanalschleuse + + + adult education Any instruction or training, informal or formal, which is geared to persons of mature age, regardless of previous education, and typically offered by university extension programs, employers, correspondence courses or community groups. formation pour adultes - Erwachsenenbildung - volwassenenonderwijs educazione degli adulti + volwassenenonderwijs + Erwachsenenbildung + catch yield The yield obtained from a given fishery; fishery catches should be strictly controlled so that the fish population can have a sufficient breeding mass and thus give a sustained yield for future generations. rendement de pêche - Fangertrag - vangst resa del pescato + vangst + Fangertrag + water weed cutting Cutting down by scythe or machine at intervals the vegetation growth and grasses on banks and berms of irrigation and drainage channels or cropped areas. faucardage - Schneiden von Wasserpflanzen - afsnijden van waterplantengroei ripulitura della vegetazione rivierasca + afsnijden van waterplantengroei + Schneiden von Wasserpflanzen + + bank protection Engineering work which aims at the protection of banks of a river, or slopes of embankments along it, from erosion by the current of flow, from floods, etc. protection des berges - Uferschutz - bankbescherming protezione degli argini + bankbescherming + Uferschutz + + @@ -6262,9 +18087,12 @@ category of endangered species Those of the planet's flora and fauna which are threatened with extinction. Hunting and poaching to fuel the trade in ivory, horn, skins, fur and feathers have long been a threat to already endangered species. Pollution, agricultural expansion, loss of wetlands, deforestation and other erosion of habitats have been added to the hazards. Human activity was responsible for most of the animals and plants known to have been lost in the past two centuries. catégorie d'espèce menacée d'extinction - Kategorie der bedrohten Arten - bedreigde soorten categoria delle specie minacciate + bedreigde soorten + Kategorie der bedrohten Arten + + + @@ -6279,27 +18107,33 @@ retaining reservoir Basin used to hold water in storage. retenue d'eau - Staubecken - stuwmeer bacino di contenimento + stuwmeer + Staubecken + + dam draining The drawing of water from a reservoir by means of draining pipes located at the bottom of the basin and controlled by a system of sluices which ensure, if necessary, the emptying of the basin in a given period of time in respect of downstream conditions. vidange de barrage - Dammdrainage - het leeg laten lopen van een(water)bekken svuotamento dell'invaso + het leeg laten lopen van een(water)bekken + Dammdrainage + + water corrosivity Complex series of reactions between the water and metal surfaces and materials in which the water is stored or transported. The corrosion process is an oxidation/reduction reaction that returns refined or processed metal to their more stable ore state. With respect to the corrosion potential of drinking water, the primary concerns include the potential presence of toxic metals , such as lead and copper. agressivité de l'eau - Korrodierende Wirkung von Wasser - corrosiegraad van water aggressività dell'acqua + corrosiegraad van water + Korrodierende Wirkung von Wasser + + @@ -6307,45 +18141,58 @@ water quality improvement Progress in, or betterment of, the environmental condition and integrity of water. amélioration de la qualité de l'eau - Wassergüteverbesserung - verbetering van de waterkwaliteit miglioramento della qualità dell'acqua + verbetering van de waterkwaliteit + Wassergüteverbesserung + + water taste Taste in water can be caused by foreign matter, such as organic compounds, inorganic salts or dissolved gases. These materials may come from domestic, agricultural or natural sources. Some substances found naturally in groundwater, while not necessarily harmful, may impart a disagreeable taste or undesirable property to the water. Magnesium sulphate, sodium sulphate, and sodium chloride are but a few of these. Acceptable waters should be free from any objectionable taste at point of use. goût de l'eau - Wassergeschmack - smaak van water gusto dell'acqua + smaak van water + Wassergeschmack + + green tide A proliferation of a marine green plankton toxic and often fatal to fish, perhaps stimulated by the addition of nutrients. marée verte - Grünschlick - overmatige planktongroei (zee) marea verde + overmatige planktongroei (zee) + Grünschlick + + + suspended matter Matter suspended in a fluid by the upward components of turbulent currents or by colloidal suspension. matières en suspension - Schwebstoffe - zwevende stof materia in sospensione + zwevende stof + Schwebstoffe + + + + water salinity The degree of dissolved salts in water measured by weight in parts per thousand. salinité de l'eau - Wassersalzgehalt - zoutgehalte van het water salinità dell'acqua + zoutgehalte van het water + Wassersalzgehalt + + @@ -6353,9 +18200,11 @@ catchment A structure in which water is collected. captage - Auffangbecken - stroomgebied captazione (struttura) + stroomgebied + Auffangbecken + + @@ -6363,18 +18212,21 @@ cation A positively charged atom or group of atoms, or a radical which moves to the negative pole (cathode) during electrolysis. cation - Kationen - kation catione + kation + Kationen + fountain A stream of water that is forced up into the air through a small hole, especially for decorative effect or the structure in a lake or pool from which this flows. fontaine - Springbrunnen - fontein fontana + fontein + Springbrunnen + + @@ -6382,9 +18234,10 @@ water reservoir Artificial or natural area of water, used for storing water for domestic or industrial use. réservoir d'eau - Wasserbehälter - spaarbekken riserva d'acqua + spaarbekken + Wasserbehälter + @@ -6395,9 +18248,11 @@ cattle Domesticated bovine animals, including cows, steers and bulls, raised and bred on a ranch or farm. bétail (bovins) - Rinder - runderen bestiame bovino + runderen + Rinder + + @@ -6406,38 +18261,50 @@ water demineralisation The removal of minerals from water by chemical, ion-exchange, or distillation procedures. déminéralisation de l'eau - Wasserentmineralisierung - demineralisatie van water demineralizzazione dell'acqua + demineralisatie van water + Wasserentmineralisierung + + + - on-site wastewater treatment + on-site waste water treatment A process in which used or spent water is treated at the point of origin or where it was produced, by using a septic tank or some other system to remove or reduce the impact of constituent wastes on human health and the environment. traitement des eaux usées sur site - Abwasserbehandlung vor Ort - afvalwaterzuivering ter plekke smaltimento autonomo delle acque di rifiuto + afvalwaterzuivering ter plekke + Abwasserbehandlung vor Ort + + - collective wastewater treatment + collective waste water treatment assainissement collectif - Sammelabwasserbehandlung - gezamenlijke afvalwaterverwerking smaltimento collettivo delle acque di rifiuto + gezamenlijke afvalwaterverwerking + Sammelabwasserbehandlung + + + storm water basin Basin used to hold water which falls as rain during a storm. bassin d'orage - Regenwasserbecken - spaarbekken voor overtollig regenwater bacino di tempesta + spaarbekken voor overtollig regenwater + Regenwasserbecken + + + + @@ -6445,83 +18312,105 @@ rain water sewer system Channels for clearing away rain water. système de canalisation des eaux de pluie - Regenwasserkanalisation - afvoerstelsel voor regenwater rete fognaria per acqua piovana + afvoerstelsel voor regenwater + Regenwasserkanalisation + + + separate sewer system Sewer system having distinct pipes for collecting superficial water and sewage water. réseau de canalisation indépendant - Trennkanalisation - gescheiden rioolstelsel rete fognaria separata + gescheiden rioolstelsel + Trennkanalisation + + + combined sewer system A sewer intended to serve as a sanitary sewer and a storm sewer, or as an industrial sewer and a storm sewer. réseau de canalisation combiné - Mischkanalisation - gecombineerd rioolsysteem rete fognaria unitaria + gecombineerd rioolsysteem + Mischkanalisation + + water aeration Addition of air to sewage or water so as to raise its dissolved oxygen level. aération de l'eau - Wasserbelüftung - waterbeluchting aerazione dell'acqua + waterbeluchting + Wasserbelüftung + + - individual wastewater treatment + individual waste water treatment The process of using a natural system or mechanical device to collect, treat and discharge or reclaim wastewater from an individual dwelling without the use of community-wide sewers or a centralised treatment facility. assainissement autonome - Einzelabwasserbehandlung - individuele afvalwaterverwerking smaltimento individuale delle acque di rifiuto + individuele afvalwaterverwerking + Einzelabwasserbehandlung + + + sedimentation basin A basin in which suspended matter is removed either by quiescent settlement or by continuous flow at high velocity and extended retention time to allow deposition. bassin de décantation - Sedimentationsbecken - afzettingsbekken bacino di decantazione + afzettingsbekken + Sedimentationsbecken + + trickling filter A system of secondary sewage treatment which is similar to self-purification action of streams; it is more accurately a biological oxidizing bed; the effluent is placed on the stones in the bed and microorganisms present consume the solids as a food supply. biofiltre - Biofilter - biofilter filtro a percolamento + biofilter + Biofilter + + used water Wastewater or utilized water from a home, community, farm or industry, which is often discharged after utilization. eau usée - Benutztes Wasser - gebruikt water acqua usata + gebruikt water + Benutztes Wasser + + - urban wastewater + urban waste water The liquid wastes deriving from domestic, commercial and industrial activities of an urban settlement. eau usée urbaine - Städtisches Abwasser - stedelijk afvalwater acqua di rifiuto urbana + stedelijk afvalwater + Städtisches Abwasser + + + @@ -6531,18 +18420,24 @@ waste treatment effluent Partially or completely treated water or waste water flowing out of a waste treatment plant. effluent issu du traitement de déchets - Abfallbehandlungsabwasser - afvalverwerkingseffluent effluente di depurazione + afvalverwerkingseffluent + Abfallbehandlungsabwasser + + + - biological wastewater treatment + biological waste water treatment Types of wastewater treatment in which biochemical or bacterial action is intensified to oxidize and stabilize the unstable organic matter present. Examples of this type of treatment use intermittent sand filters, trickling filters, and activated sludge processes and sludge digestion. épuration biologique - Biologische Abwasserbehandlung - biologische afvalwaterverwerking trattamento biologico delle acque di rifiuto + biologische afvalwaterverwerking + Biologische Abwasserbehandlung + + + @@ -6550,27 +18445,31 @@ lagooning The process in which sunlight, bacterial action and oxygen cause self-purification in waste water, Usually taking place in a shallow pond, or system of such ponds. lagunage - Schlammteichverfahren - bezinking van afvalwater in een bekken lagunaggio + bezinking van afvalwater in een bekken + Schlammteichverfahren + + cause for concern principle Principle connected with the precautionary principle: it means that, if there are strong reasons for expecting serious or irreversible damage to the environment following a given project, lack of full scientific certainty should not be used as a reason for postponing cost-effective measures to prevent environmental degradation. Critics of this approach are concerned about large commitments of resources to deal with vaguely defined problems. principe de précaution - Vorsorgeprinzip - reden tot (be)zorg(dheid) principio del motivo di preoccupazione + reden tot (be)zorg(dheid) + Vorsorgeprinzip + water regeneration A process in which naturally occurring microorganisms, plants, trees or geophysical processes break down, degrade or filter out hazardous substances or pollutants from a body of water, cleansing and treating contaminated water without human intervention. régénération d'eau - Wasserregenerierung - waterregeneratie rigenerazione dell'acqua + waterregeneratie + Wasserregenerierung + @@ -6578,9 +18477,13 @@ water resources management Measures and activities concerning the supply of water, the improvement of efficiency in its use, the reduction of losses and waste, water-saving practices to reduce costs and to slow the depletion of the water supply to ensure future water availability. gestion des ressources en eau - Wasserbewirtschaftung - beheer van de waterbronnen gestione delle risorse idriche + beheer van de waterbronnen + Wasserbewirtschaftung + + + + @@ -6589,18 +18492,22 @@ 2) A natural cavity, chamber or recess which leads beneath the surface of the earth, generally in a horizontal or obliquely inclined direction. It may be in the form of a passage or a gallery, its shape depending in part on the joint pattern or structure of the rock and partly on the type of process involved in its excavation. Thus, caves worn by subterranean rivers may be different in character from, and of considerably greater extent than, a sea-cave eroded by marine waves. 3) A natural underground open space, generally with a connection to the surface and large enough for a person to enter. The most common type of cave is formed in a limestone by dissolution. grotte - Höhle - hol caverna + hol + Höhle + + waste sorting unit Centralized recycling centres to which waste materials are brought and where they are separated. centre de tri (déchets) - Abfallsortierungsanlage - afvalsorteringseenheid unità di cernita rifiuti + afvalsorteringseenheid + Abfallsortierungsanlage + + @@ -6608,52 +18515,65 @@ scrap dump Area where waste material, especially metal, is dumped. dépôt de ferraille - Schrotthaufen - schroothoop deposito di ferraglia + schroothoop + Schrotthaufen + + reclamation industry Industry for the transformation of solid waste into useful products. industrie de la récupération - Rückgewinnungsindustrie - kringloopnijverheid industria del ricupero + kringloopnijverheid + Rückgewinnungsindustrie + + + + use of waste as energy source valorisation énergétique des déchets - Energetische Abfallverwertung - gebruik van afval voor energie-doeleinden valorizzazione energetica (dei rifiuti) + gebruik van afval voor energie-doeleinden + Energetische Abfallverwertung + + use of waste as material valorisation des matières de déchets - Stoffliche Abfallverwertung - gebruik van afval als materiaal valorizzazione di rifiuti come materiali + gebruik van afval als materiaal + Stoffliche Abfallverwertung + + beach cleansing The process of removing dirt, litter or other unsightly materials from shore line property or surrounding areas. nettoiement des plages - Strandreinigung - strandreiniging pulitura delle spiagge + strandreiniging + Strandreinigung + + bulky waste Large items of waste material, such as appliances, furniture, large auto parts, trees, branches, stumps, etc. déchet encombrant - Sperrmüll - moeilijk te behandelen afval rifiuto ingombrante + moeilijk te behandelen afval + Sperrmüll + @@ -6661,36 +18581,42 @@ alkaline battery A primary cell that uses an alkaline electrolyte, usually potassium hydroxide, and delivers about 1.5 volts at much higher current rates than the common carbon-zinc cell. Also known as alkaline-manganese cell. pile alcaline - Alkalische Batterie - alkalische batterij batteria alcalina + alkalische batterij + Alkalische Batterie + + electric battery A direct-current voltage source made up of one or more units that convert chemical, thermal, nuclear, or solar energy into electrical energy. pile électrique - Elektrische Batterie - elektrische batterij pila elettrica + elektrische batterij + Elektrische Batterie + + pollution abatement waste Wastes resulting from the operations of pollutant removal from industries, cleaning processes, etc. déchet d'action de dépollution - Abfallsanierung - afvalsanering rifiuto di disinquinamento + afvalsanering + Abfallsanierung + health-care activities waste déchets sanitaires - Abfälle aus dem Gesundheitswesen - afval afkomstig van de gezondheidssector rifiuto sanitario + afval afkomstig van de gezondheidssector + Abfälle aus dem Gesundheitswesen + @@ -6699,18 +18625,22 @@ special industrial waste Discarded material produced in any industrial process for which there is no specified mode of disposal. déchet industriel spécial - Sonderindustrieabfall - bijzonder industrieel afval rifiuto industriale speciale + bijzonder industrieel afval + Sonderindustrieabfall + + + metal waste Metal material discarded during manufacturing or processing operations which cannot be directly fed back into the operation; Worn or discarded metal materials removed from service at the end of its useful life. déchet métallique - Altmetall - metaalafval rifiuto metallico + metaalafval + Altmetall + @@ -6718,36 +18648,43 @@ mineral waste Waste material resulting from ore extraction that is usually left on the soil surface. déchet minéral - Mineralstoffabfall - anorganisch afval rifiuto minerale + anorganisch afval + Mineralstoffabfall + cell (biology) The microscopic functional and structural unit of all living organisms, consisting of a nucleus, cytoplasm, and a limiting membrane. cellule (biologie) - Zelle - cel [biologie] cellula + cel [biologie] + Zelle + + wreck The hulk of a wrecked or stranded ship; a ship dashed against rocks or land and broken or otherwise rendered useless. épave de bateau - Wrack - wrak relitto da naufragio + wrak + Wrack + mineral oil Oil which derives from petroleum and is made up of hydrocarbons. huile minérale - Mineralöl - minerale olie olio minerale + minerale olie + Mineralöl + + + @@ -6755,18 +18692,23 @@ whey The watery liquid that separates from the curd when the milk is clotted, as in making cheese. lactosérum - Molke - wei siero di latte + wei + Molke + + sinking of waste A manner of waste disposal in which refuse or unwanted material is dumped or submerged beneath the surface of a body of water. immersion des déchets - Abfallversenkung - storten van afval op de zeebodem affondamento dei rifiuti + storten van afval op de zeebodem + Abfallversenkung + + + @@ -6775,36 +18717,44 @@ cell (energy) The basic building block of a battery. It is an electrochemical device consisting of an anode and a cathode in a common electrolyte kept apart with a separator. This assembly may be used in its own container as a single cell battery or be combined and interconnected with other cells in a container to form a multicelled battery. cellule (énergie) - Zelle (galvanisch) - cel [energie] pila + cel [energie] + Zelle (galvanisch) + + residue of grinding Dust or other residue left after reducing a material to very small particles. résidu de broyage - Zerkleinerungsrückstände - maalrest residuo di triturazione + maalrest + Zerkleinerungsrückstände + treatment residue Material left over from the treatment of any type of waste. résidu d'épuration - Reinigungsrückstände - zuiveringsrest residuo di trattamento + zuiveringsrest + Reinigungsrückstände + + incineration residue Any material, solid or semisolid, left after processing in a device designed to reduce waste volume by combustion. résidu d'incinération - Verbrennungsrückstand - verbrandingsrest residuo d'incenerimento + verbrandingsrest + Verbrennungsrückstand + + + @@ -6813,27 +18763,33 @@ clearing sludge boue de curage - Schlammbeseitigung - het wegruimen van slib fango di pulitura + het wegruimen van slib + Schlammbeseitigung + + + dehydrated sludge Sludge whose water content has been reduced by physical means. boue deshydratée - Entwässerter Schlamm - ontwaterd slib fango disidratato + ontwaterd slib + Entwässerter Schlamm + cellulose The main polysaccharide in living plants, forming the skeletal structure of the plant cell wall; a polymer of beta-D-glucose linked together with the elimination of water to form chains of 2000-4000 units. cellulose - Cellulose - cellulose cellulosa + cellulose + Cellulose + + @@ -6841,18 +18797,22 @@ residual waste sludge The excess, unusable semi-solids or sediment resulting from a wastewater treatment or industrial process. boue résiduaire - Restklärschlamm - restslib fango residuo + restslib + Restklärschlamm + + thickening Any process beyond gravity sedimentation that increases the concentration of solids in sludge with or without the use of chemical flocculants. épaississement - Verdickung - verdikking ispessimento + verdikking + Verdickung + + @@ -6860,35 +18820,46 @@ sludge stabilisation Usually anaerobic sludge digestion, a treatment that stabilizes raw sludge. Fully digested sludge has little readily biodegradable organic matter. It is not smelly and about 50% of the solids are inorganic. Sludge can also be digested aerobically. stabilisation des boues - Schlammstabilisierung - slibstabilisatie stabilizzazione dei fanghi + slibstabilisatie + Schlammstabilisierung + + cellulose industry industrie de la cellulose - Zellstoffindustrie - cellulose-industrie industria della cellulosa + cellulose-industrie + Zellstoffindustrie + + + industrial activity Operations, functions and processes involved in industrial production. activité industrielle - Industrietätigkeit - industriële activiteit attività industriale + industriële activiteit + Industrietätigkeit + + industrial wasteland Area of land which is no longer usable for cultivation or for any other purpose after having been the site of an industrial plant. friche industrielle - Industriebrachland - industriële woestenij zona industriale abbandonata + industriële woestenij + Industriebrachland + + + + @@ -6896,18 +18867,21 @@ classified facility Facility that is forbidden to be disclosed outside a specified ring of secrecy for reasons of national security. installation classée - Nichtöffentliche Anlage - geclassificeerde inrichting installazione classificata + geclassificeerde inrichting + Nichtöffentliche Anlage + cement A dry powder made from silica, alumina, lime, iron oxide, and magnesia which hardens when mixed with water; used as an ingredient in concrete. ciment - Zement - cement cemento + cement + Zement + + @@ -6915,18 +18889,22 @@ quartering The act of dismembering the carcass of an animal with the production of organic waste which if improperly disposed cause problems of pollution and fawl smells. équarrissage - Vierteilen - vierendelen squartamento + vierendelen + Vierteilen + piggery A place where pigs are kept and reared. porcherie - Schweinestall - varkenshouderij porcilaia + varkenshouderij + Schweinestall + + + @@ -6934,9 +18912,12 @@ cement industry Industry for the production of cement. The emissions of most relevance from this sector are atmospheric: dust, carbon dioxide and nitrogen oxides are the most important. Cement is essential for the construction sector, either directly or mixed with sand or gravel to form concrete. industrie du ciment - Zementindustrie - cementindustrie industria del cemento + cementindustrie + Zementindustrie + + + @@ -6944,9 +18925,11 @@ oil production (chain) The petroleum industry is a complex industry utilizing complex combination of interdependent operations engaged in the storage and transportation, separation of crude molecular constituents, molecular cracking, molecular rebuilding and solvent finishing to produce petrochemical products. Treatment may involve oil separation, precipitation, adsorption, and biological treatment. The refining operations can be divided into four major steps: separation, conversion, treating, and blending. The crude oil is first separated into selected fractions (gasoline, kerosine, fuel oil, etc.). Some of the less valuable products such as heavy naphtha, are converted to products with a greater sale value such as gasoline. The final step is the blending of the refined base stocks with each other and various additive to meet final product specifications. The major pollutants emitted are sulphur oxides, nitrogen oxides, hydrocarbons, carbon monoxide, and malodorous materials. chaîne pétrolière - Ölförderung - olieproductie catena petrolifera + olieproductie + Ölförderung + + @@ -6955,18 +18938,25 @@ hydrocarbon storage tank A container or a reservoir for the storage of hydrocarbons. dépôt d'hydrocarbure - Kohlenwasserstofftank - koolwaterstoftank deposito di idrocarburi + koolwaterstoftank + Kohlenwasserstofftank + + + drilling for oil Boring a hole for extracting oil. forage pétrolier - Ölbohrung - naar olie boren perforazione petrolifera + naar olie boren + Ölbohrung + + + + @@ -6975,27 +18965,33 @@ cement manufacture Cement is produced by heating a mixture of clay or shale plus chalk or lime in a rotary kiln up to 250 m long per 8 m diameter rotating at 1 rpm. The process can be wet, semi-dry or dry and the fuel can be pulverized coal, oil or gas. As the coal ash is similar in composition to the clay or shale, it can stay in the cement clinker. As one of the kiln operator's major costs is fuel and even a modest sized kiln can consume 8-10 tons of coal per hour, the cement kiln could, therefore, solve a disposal problem and also benefit the cement manufacturer by reducing fuel costs. cimenterie - Zementherstellung - cementvervaardiging produzione di cemento + cementvervaardiging + Zementherstellung + + aggregate extraction Extraction of crushed rock or gravel screened to sizes for use in road surfaces, concretes, or bituminous mixes. extraction de granulat - Gesamtentnahme - aggregaatonttrekking estrazione di granulato + aggregaatonttrekking + Gesamtentnahme + + mechanical industry A sector of the economy in which an aggregate of enterprises is engaged in the design, manufacture and marketing of mechanical apparatuses for commercial or industrial usage. industrie mécanique - Maschinenbauindustrie - werktuigbouw industria meccanica + werktuigbouw + Maschinenbauindustrie + + @@ -7003,54 +18999,63 @@ timber producing chain All interrelated steps of the lumber manufacturing process including tree felling, the removal of tops, branches and bark, the piling and sawing of logs, and the transportation and loading of finished boards or other products. filière bois - Holzerzeugungskette - houtproductieketen catena produttiva del legno + houtproductieketen + Holzerzeugungskette + packing industry industrie de l'emballage - Verpackungsindustrie - verpakkingsindustrie industria dell'imballaggio + verpakkingsindustrie + Verpackungsindustrie + + Central Africa A geographic region of the African continent close to the equator that includes Cameroon, Chad, Equatorial Guinea, Gabon, the Central African Republic and the Democratic Republic of Congo. Afrique Centrale - Zentralafrika - Centraal-Afrika Africa centrale + Centraal-Afrika + Zentralafrika + Central America A narrow continental region of the Western hemisphere, existing as a bridge between North and South America, often considered to be the southern portion of North America, and including countries such as Guatemala, Belize, El Salvador, Honduras, Nicaragua, Costa Rica and Panama. Amérique Centrale - Zentralamerika - Centraal-Amerika America centrale + Centraal-Amerika + Zentralamerika + Central Asia A geographic region of the Asian continent between the Caspian Sea on the west and China on the east, extending northward into the central region of Russia and southward to the northern borders of Iran and Afghanistan, and comprised of independent former republics of the Soviet Union, including Kazakstan, Uzbekistan, Turkmenistan, Kyrgyzstan and Tajikistan. Asie Centrale - Zentralasien - Centraal-Azië Asia centrale + Centraal-Azië + Zentralasien + biofiltration The distribution of settled sewage on a bed of inert granular material through which it is allowed to percolate. In doing so, the effluent is aerated thus allowing aerobic bacteria and fungi to reduce its biochemical oxygen demand. biofiltration - Tropfkörperbehandlung - biofiltratie biofiltrazione + biofiltratie + Tropfkörperbehandlung + + + @@ -7059,18 +19064,21 @@ dechlorination Removal of chlorine from a substance. déchloruration - Dechlorierung - ontchloring declorurazione + ontchloring + Dechlorierung + + engineering The science by which the properties of matter and the sources of power in nature are made useful to humans in structures, machines, and products. ingéniérie - Ingenieurwesen - techniek ingegneria + techniek + Ingenieurwesen + @@ -7091,27 +19099,34 @@ methanisation The process of deriving methane from any source, including livestock manure, landfills, coal mines, etc. méthanisation - Methanisierung - methanisering metanizzazione + methanisering + Methanisierung + + + central government A system in which a governing or administrative body has a certain degree of power or authority to prevail in the management of local, national and international matters. administration centrale - Zentralregierung - centrale regering governo centrale + centrale regering + Zentralregierung + aerobic treatment The introduction of air into sewage so as to provide aerobic biochemical stabilization during a detention period. traitement aérobie - Aerobe Behandlung - aërobe behandeling trattamento aerobico + aërobe behandeling + Aerobe Behandlung + + + @@ -7119,9 +19134,11 @@ advertisement The action of drawing public attention to goods, services or events, often through paid announcements in newspapers, magazines, television or radio. publicité - Werbung - aankondiging pubblicità + aankondiging + Werbung + + @@ -7129,9 +19146,12 @@ anaerobic treatment Breakdown of organic material without the presence of oxygen, a treatment which permanently removes the unpleasant odour of many organic wastes so that they can be used on agricultural land. traitement anaérobie - Anaerobe Behandlung - anaërobe behandeling trattamento anaerobico + anaërobe behandeling + Anaerobe Behandlung + + + @@ -7139,9 +19159,15 @@ biological treatment Process that uses microorganisms to decompose organic wastes either into water, carbon dioxide, and simple inorganic substances, or into simpler organic substances, such as aldehydes and acids. The purpose of a biological treatment system is to control the environment for microorganisms so that their growth and activity are enhanced, and provide a means for maintaining high concentration of the microorganisms in contact with the wastes. traitement biologique - Biologische Behandlung - biologische verwerking trattamento biologico + biologische verwerking + Biologische Behandlung + + + + + + @@ -7150,9 +19176,14 @@ physicochemical treatment Any processing of wastewater, toxic substances or other materials involving a combination of physical and chemical methods, such as physical processes including air-stripping or filtration and chemical processes including coagulation, chlorination or ozonation. traitement physicochimique - Physikalisch-chemische Behandlung - fysico-chemische behandeling trattamento chimico-fisico + fysico-chemische behandeling + Physikalisch-chemische Behandlung + + + + + @@ -7171,9 +19202,13 @@ physical treatment Processes that separate components of a waste stream or change the physical form of the waste without altering the chemical structure of the constituent materials. Physical treatment techniques are often used to separate the materials within the waste stream so that they can be reused or detoxified by chemical or biological treatment or destroyed by high-temperature incineration. traitement physique - Physikalische Behandlung - lichamelijke behandeling trattamento fisico + lichamelijke behandeling + Physikalische Behandlung + + + + @@ -7191,44 +19226,53 @@ primary treatment Removal of floating solids and suspended solids, both fine and coarse, from raw sewage. traitement primaire - Mechanische Abwasserreinigung - primaire behandeling trattamento primario + primaire behandeling + Mechanische Abwasserreinigung + + secondary treatment Stage of the process of waste water treatment: following primary treatment by sedimentation, the second step in most wastewater systems in which biological organisms decompose most of the organic matter into a innocuous, stable form. traitement secondaire - Sekundärbehandlung - secundaire behandeling trattamento secondario + secundaire behandeling + Sekundärbehandlung + + tertiary treatment The process which remove pollutants not adequately removed by secondary treatment, particularly nitrogen and phosphorus; accomplished by means of sand filters, microstraining, or other methods (referring to wastewater treatment). traitement tertiaire - Weitergehende Abwasserbehandlung - tertiaire behandeling trattamento terziario + tertiaire behandeling + Weitergehende Abwasserbehandlung + + centralisation centralisation - Zentralisierung - centralisatie centralizzazione + centralisatie + Zentralisierung + vitrification Formation of a glassy or noncrystalline material. vitrification - Verglasung - verglazing vetrificazione + verglazing + Verglasung + + @@ -7236,9 +19280,10 @@ centrifugation Separation of particles from a suspension in a centrifuge: balanced tubes containing the suspension are attached to the opposite ends of arms rotating rapidly about a central point; the suspended particles are forced outwards, and collect at the bottoms of the tubes. centrifugation - Zentrifugation - centrifugering centrifugazione + centrifugering + Zentrifugation + @@ -7246,45 +19291,52 @@ cephalopod Exclusively marine animals constituting the most advanced class of the Mollusca, including squid, octopuses, and Nautilus. céphalopode - Kopffüßer - koppotigen cefalopodi + koppotigen + Kopffüßer + underground quarry Quarry located below the surface of the earth. carrière souterraine - Unterirdischer Steinbruch - ondergrondse groeve cava sotterranea + ondergrondse groeve + Unterirdischer Steinbruch + + + ceramics The art and techniques of producing articles of clay, porcelain, etc. céramique - Keramik - aardewerk ceramica + aardewerk + Keramik + geotechnics The application of scientific methods and engineering principles to civil engineering problems through acquiring, interpreting, and using knowledge of materials of the crust of the earth. géotechnique - Geotechnik - geotechniek geotecnica + geotechniek + Geotechnik + rock mechanics The theoretical and applied science of the physical behavior of rocks, representing a "branch of mechanics concerned with the response of rock to the force fields of its physical environment". mécanique des roches - Gebirgsmechanik - gesteentemechanica meccanica delle rocce + gesteentemechanica + Gebirgsmechanik + @@ -7292,36 +19344,46 @@ ceramics industry Manufacturing plant producing ceramic items. industrie de la céramique - Keramikindustrie - aardewerkindustrie industria della ceramica + aardewerkindustrie + Keramikindustrie + + bush clearing The removal of brush using mechanical means, either by cutting manually or by using machinery for crushing, rolling, flailing, or chipping it, or by chemical means or a combination of these. débroussaillement - Buschlichtung - het kappen van kreupelhout decespugliamento + het kappen van kreupelhout + Buschlichtung + + prevention of forest fires Precautionary actions, measures or installations implemented to avert the possibility of an unexpected conflagration of any large wooded area having a thick growth of trees and plants. prévention des incendies de forêt - Waldbrandverhütung - voorkoming van bosbranden prevenzione degli incendi boschivi + voorkoming van bosbranden + Waldbrandverhütung + + + flood protection Precautionary measures, equipment or structures implemented to guard or defend people, property and lands from an unusual accumulation of water above the ground. protection contre les crues - Hochwasserschutz - bescherming tegen overstroming protezione contro le piene + bescherming tegen overstroming + Hochwasserschutz + + + @@ -7333,18 +19395,23 @@ land restoration in mountain areas Measures adopted to control erosion and degradation phenomena in the mountain regions caused by the loss of forest cover due to acid rain, uncontrolled forest cutting, winter skiing resorts construction, etc. restauration de terrain en montagne - Bodensanierung in Bergregionen - landherstel in bergstreken ripristino di terreni montani + landherstel in bergstreken + Bodensanierung in Bergregionen + + + + soil stability Soil stability depends on its shear strength, its compressibility and its tendency to absorb water. Stabilization methods include physical compaction and treatment with cement, lime, and bitumen. stabilité du sol - Bodenstabilität - bodemstabiliteit stabilità del suolo + bodemstabiliteit + Bodenstabilität + @@ -7352,27 +19419,32 @@ volcanology The branch of geology that deals with volcanism. volcanologie - Vulkanologie - vulkanologie vulcanologia + vulkanologie + Vulkanologie + + antiseismic regulation Rules for minimizing or containing the risks deriving from earthquakes. réglementation parasismique - Antiseismische Regelung - antiseismische regelgeving disposizioni antisismiche + antiseismische regelgeving + Antiseismische Regelung + + cetacean Aquatic mammals, including the whales, dolphins, and porpoises. cétacé - Cetacea - walvisachtigen cetacei + walvisachtigen + Cetacea + @@ -7380,18 +19452,22 @@ civil safety Actions and measures undertaken, often at a local level, to ensure that citizens of a community are secure from harm, injury, danger or risk. sécurité civile - Öffentliche Sicherheit - burgerveiligheid sicurezza civile + burgerveiligheid + Öffentliche Sicherheit + industrial safety Measures or techniques implemented to reduce the risk of injury, loss and danger to persons, property or the environment in any facility or place involving the manufacturing, producing and processing of goods or merchandise. sécurité industrielle - Arbeitsschutz - industriële veiligheid sicurezza industriale + industriële veiligheid + Arbeitsschutz + + + @@ -7401,18 +19477,22 @@ risk exposure The situation or set of circumstances where the probability of harm to an area or its population increases beyond a normal level. exposition aux risques - Risikoexposition - blootstelling aan een risico esposizione ai rischi + blootstelling aan een risico + Risikoexposition + hazard area Any site or region in which there is a physical or chemical agent capable of causing harm to property, persons, animals, plants or other natural resources. zone à risque - Gefahrenzone - gevarenzone area a rischio + gevarenzone + Gefahrenzone + + + @@ -7425,9 +19505,10 @@ technological accident An unexpected incident, failure or loss occurring through the application of practical or mechanical sciences to industry or commerce that poses potential harm to persons, property or the environment. accident technologique - Technischer Unfall - technologisch ongeluk incidente tecnologico + technologisch ongeluk + Technischer Unfall + @@ -7437,27 +19518,31 @@ Chagas' disease A form of trypanosomiasis found in South America, caused by the protozoan Trypanosoma cruzi, characterized by fever and often inflammation of the hearth muscle. maladie de Chagas - Morbus Chagas - ziekte van Chagas morbo di Chagas + ziekte van Chagas + Morbus Chagas + ecocatastrophe A sudden, widespread disaster or calamity causing extensive damage to the environment that threatens the quality of life for people living in the affected area or region, potentially leading to many deaths. catastrophe écologique - Umweltkatastrophe - milieuramp catastrofe ecologica + milieuramp + Umweltkatastrophe + nuclear hazard Risk or danger to human health or the environment posed by radiation emanating from the atomic nuclei of a given substance, or the possibility of an uncontrolled explosion originating from a fusion or fission reaction of atomic nuclei. danger nucléaire - Nukleare Gefahr - risico op kernongevallen pericolo nucleare + risico op kernongevallen + Nukleare Gefahr + + @@ -7467,9 +19552,10 @@ chain management The administration, organization and planning for the flow of materials or merchandise through various stages of production and distribution, involving a network of vendors, suppliers, manufacturers, distributors, retailers and other trading partners. gestion intégrée - Konzernverwaltung - ketenbeheer gestione della catena produttiva + ketenbeheer + Konzernverwaltung + @@ -7477,9 +19563,11 @@ major risk installation Installations whose functioning involves the possibility of major hazards such as chemical plants, nuclear, coal and oil power production plants, etc. installation à haut risque - Risikoanlage - hoogrisico-installatie installazione a alto rischio + hoogrisico-installatie + Risikoanlage + + @@ -7487,18 +19575,23 @@ dangerous installation Installations whose functioning involves the possibility of major hazards such as chemical plants, nuclear, coal and oil power production plants, etc. installation dangereuse - Gefährliche Anlage - gevaarlijke installatie installazione pericolosa + gevaarlijke installatie + Gefährliche Anlage + + + biotechnological hazard A danger to humans, animals or the environment posed by the application of advanced biological techniques in the manufacture of industrial products, such as the risk or harm that results from exposure to infectious bacteria, viruses or fungi. danger biotechnologique - Biotechnologische Gefahr - biotechnologisch gevaar rischio biotecnologico + biotechnologisch gevaar + Biotechnologische Gefahr + + @@ -7506,9 +19599,13 @@ nuclear risk A risk connected to the functioning of nuclear power plants, by the storage or transportation of radioactive materials and involving the release of potentially dangerous levels of radioactive materials into the environment. risque nucléaire - Atomrisiko - nucleair gevaar rischio nucleare + nucleair gevaar + Atomrisiko + + + + @@ -7516,18 +19613,24 @@ dangerous materials transport Type of transport regulated by special safety rules. transport de matières dangereuses - Gefahrguttransport - vervoer van gevaarlijke stoffen trasporto di materie pericolose + vervoer van gevaarlijke stoffen + Gefahrguttransport + + + disaster zone Zone that has been stricken by a disaster and where measures must be taken to reduce the severity of the human and material damage caused by it. zone sinistrée - Katastrophengebiet - rampgebied zona sinistrata + rampgebied + Katastrophengebiet + + + @@ -7536,18 +19639,21 @@ change in value changement de valeur - Wertewandel - waardeverandering cambiamento di valore + waardeverandering + Wertewandel + + danger analysis The process of evaluating the scale and probability of harm caused by any hazard to persons, property or the environment. étude de danger - Gefahrenanalyse - risicoanalyse analisi del pericolo + risicoanalyse + Gefahrenanalyse + @@ -7555,27 +19661,34 @@ preventive information Data communicated or received concerning the recommended means of averting risk of an accident, disaster or other undesirable and avoidable incident. information préventive - Vorbeugende Information - preventieve informatie informazione preventiva + preventieve informatie + Vorbeugende Information + + + risk exposure plan A scheme or method of acting that takes effect if the probability of harm to an area or its population increases beyond a normal level. plan d'exposition aux risques - Risikoexpositionsplan - rampenplan piano di esposizione ai rischi + rampenplan + Risikoexpositionsplan + channelling Any system of distribution canals or conduits for water, gas, electricity, or steam. canalisation - Kanalisierung - kanaliseren canalizzazione + kanaliseren + Kanalisierung + + + @@ -7585,9 +19698,12 @@ damage insurance A commercial product which provides a guarantee against damage to property in return for premiums paid. assurance dommages - Schadensversicherung - schadeverzekering assicurazione danni + schadeverzekering + Schadensversicherung + + + @@ -7597,18 +19713,24 @@ pollution insurance A commercial agreement which provides protection against the risks, or a particular risk, associated with pollution, toxic waste disposal or related concerns. assurance pollution - Umweltschutzversicherung - verzekering tegen milieuverontreiniging assicurazione inquinamento + verzekering tegen milieuverontreiniging + Umweltschutzversicherung + + + + water damage Water damage can be caused by flooding, severe storms, tidal waves, seismic seawaves, storm surges, etc. dégât des eaux - Wasserschaden - waterschade danno provocato dalle acque + waterschade + Wasserschaden + + @@ -7617,9 +19739,10 @@ damage assessment The evaluation or determination of losses, harm and injuries to persons, property or the environment. évaluation des dommages - Schadensbewertung - raming van de schade valutazione dei danni + raming van de schade + Schadensbewertung + @@ -7628,53 +19751,65 @@ product advertising The creation and dissemination of paid announcements or public notices to draw attention to goods, services or events offered by some entity, usually for purchase. publicité pour un produit - Produktwerbung - productreklame pubblicità dei prodotti + productreklame + Produktwerbung + + charcoal A porous solid product containing 85-98% carbon and produced by heating carbonaceous materials such as cellulose, wood or peat at 500-600 C° in the absence of air. charbon de bois - Holzkohle - houtskool carbone di legna + houtskool + Holzkohle + + appraisal An expert or official valuation. expertise - Bewerbung - inschatting perizia + inschatting + Bewerbung + compensation for damage Equivalent in money or other form for a loss sustained for an injury, for property taken, etc. réparation des dommages - Schadensausgleich - schadevergoeding risarcimento dei danni + schadevergoeding + Schadensausgleich + + + negotiable charge charge négociable - verhandelbare Gebühr - onderhandelbare heffingen costi negoziabili + onderhandelbare heffingen + verhandelbare Gebühr + + + public institution Institution for the management of public issues. établissement public - Öffentliche Institution - openbare instelling istituzione pubblica + openbare instelling + Öffentliche Institution + @@ -7684,9 +19819,10 @@ public institution of administrative nature Public institution for the management of administrative issues. établissement public à caractère administratif - Öffentliche Verwaltungseinrichtung - openbare administratieve instelling istituzione pubblica di natura amministrativa + openbare administratieve instelling + Öffentliche Verwaltungseinrichtung + @@ -7694,36 +19830,40 @@ public institution of industrial and commercial nature Public institution for the management of industrial and commercial issues. établissement public à caractère industriel et commercial - Öffentliche Industrie- und Handelseinrichtung - openbare instelling op commercieel en industrieel gebied istituzione pubblica di natura industriale e commerciale + openbare instelling op commercieel en industrieel gebied + Öffentliche Industrie- und Handelseinrichtung + map chart A map, generally designed for navigation or other particular purposes, in which essential map information is combined with various other data critical to the intended use. cartogramme - Karte - (wand)kaart mappa + (wand)kaart + Karte + consultancy The position or practice of a qualified person paid for advice or services. société de conseil - Beratungsdienst - advies società di consulenza + advies + Beratungsdienst + chelicerate A subphylum of the phylum Artrophoda; chelicerae are characteristically modified as pincers. chélicère - Kieferfühler - Chelicerata chelicerati + Chelicerata + Kieferfühler + @@ -7732,18 +19872,21 @@ patent A grant of right to exclude others from making, using or selling one's invention and includes right to license others to make, use or sell it. brevet d'invention - Patent - octrooi brevetto d'invenzione + octrooi + Patent + chemical analysis The complex of operations aiming to determine the kinds of constituents of a given substance. analyse chimique - Chemische Analyse - chemische analyse analisi chimica + chemische analyse + Chemische Analyse + + @@ -7751,27 +19894,31 @@ press release An official statement or announcement distributed to members of the media by a public relations firm, government agency or some other organization, often to supplement or replace an oral presentation. communiqué de presse - Pressemitteilung - persmededeling comunicato stampa + persmededeling + Pressemitteilung + speech An address or form of oral communication in which a speaker makes his thoughts and emotions known before an audience, often for a given purpose. discours - Sprache - spraak discorso + spraak + Sprache + + chemical composition The nature and proportions of the elements comprising a chemical compound. composition chimique - Chemische Zusammensetzung - chemische samenstelling composizione chimica + chemische samenstelling + Chemische Zusammensetzung + @@ -7779,27 +19926,33 @@ environmental study A document submitted by an applicant in support of an undertaking which identifies the environmental impacts of the proposed undertaking and its alternatives. étude d'environnement - Umweltstudie - milieustudie studio ambientale (documento) + milieustudie + Umweltstudie + + absorption (exposure) The taking in of fluids or other substances by cells or tissues. absorption (exposition) - Absorption (biologisch) - absorptie (blootstelling) assorbimento (esposizione) + absorptie (blootstelling) + Absorption (biologisch) + + advice An official notice, opinion, counsel or recommendation that is optional or at the receiver's discretion. conseil - Gutachten - raad consulenza + raad + Gutachten + + @@ -7807,72 +19960,86 @@ cinematographic film Any motion picture of a story, drama, episode or event, often considered as an art form or used as a medium for entertainment. film cinématographique - Kinofilm - cinematografische film film (cinematografico) + cinematografische film + Kinofilm + + documentary film Any motion picture or movie in which an actual event, era or life story is presented factually, with little or no fiction. film documentaire - Dokumentarfilm - documentaire documentario + documentaire + Dokumentarfilm + + flora (document) A work systematically describing the flora of a particular region, listed by species and considered as a whole. herbier - Pflanzenliste - plantenencyclopedie flora (documento ) + plantenencyclopedie + Pflanzenliste + + report to the minister A written account or statement describing in detail observations or the results of an inquiry into an event or situation and presented to any person appointed or elected to a high-level position within some political entity. rapport au ministre - Bericht an den Minister - verslag uitbrengen aan de Minister rapporto al ministro + verslag uitbrengen aan de Minister + Bericht an den Minister + parliamentary report A written account describing in detail observations or the results of an inquiry into an event or situation and presented to an official, deliberative body with legislative powers. rapport parlementaire - Parlamentarischer Bericht - parlementair verslag rapporto parlamentare + parlementair verslag + Parlamentarischer Bericht + + statutory text A document or a portion thereof expressing an official enactment of a legislative body, with emphasis on the document's precise wording or language. texte réglementaire - Gesetzestext - wettelijk voorschrift testo regolamentare + wettelijk voorschrift + Gesetzestext + thesis A dissertation on a particular subject, in which original research has been done, usually by a candidate for a diploma or degree, or a proposition put forward for consideration, to be discussed and proved or maintained against objections. thèse - Dissertation - proefschrift tesi + proefschrift + Dissertation + chemical decontamination Removal of chemical substances from a building, a watercourse, a person's clothes, etc. décontamination chimique - Chemische Dekontamination - chemische ontsmetting decontaminazione chimica + chemische ontsmetting + Chemische Dekontamination + + + @@ -7880,54 +20047,61 @@ CD-ROM A compact disc on which a large amount of digitalised read-only data can be stored. CD ROM - CD-ROM - Cd-rom CD-ROM + Cd-rom + CD-ROM + information centre Any facility devoted to the collection, maintenance and distribution of materials or data compiled to convey knowledge on some subject, often with trained staff persons available to answer questions. centre d'information - Informationszentrum - informatie-centrum centro d'informazione + informatie-centrum + Informationszentrum + chemical engineering The branch of engineering concerned with industrial manufacture of chemical products. It is a discipline in which the principles of mathematical, physical and natural sciences are used to solve problems in applied chemistry. Chemical engineers design, develop, and optimise processes and plants, operate them, manage personnel and capital, and conduct research necessary for new developments. Through their efforts, new petroleum products, plastics, agricultural chemicals, house-hold products, pharmaceuticals, electronic and advanced materials, photographic materials, chemical and biological compounds, various food and other products evolve. génie chimique - Chemotechnik - chemische technologie ingegneria chimica + chemische technologie + Chemotechnik + technical information Factual data, knowledge or instructions relating to scientific research or the development, testing, evaluation, production, use or maintenance of equipment. information technique - Technische Information - technische informatie informazione tecnica + technische informatie + Technische Information + chemical fallout The sedimentation of chemical substances accumulated in the atmosphere as a result of industrial emissions. retombée (substances chimiques) - Fallout (Chemikalien) - chemische fall-out fallout chimico + chemische fall-out + Fallout (Chemikalien) + + information network A system of interrelated persons and/or devices linked to permit the exchange of data or knowledge. réseau d'information - Informationsnetz - informatienetwerk rete d'informazioni + informatienetwerk + Informationsnetz + @@ -7937,9 +20111,12 @@ chemical fertiliser Fertilizer manufactured from chemicals; excessive use of them can cause pollution, when all the chemicals are not taken up by the plants and the excess is leached out of the soil into rivers and may cause algal bloom. engrais chimique - Chemischer Dünger - chemische meststof fertilizzante chimico + chemische meststof + Chemischer Dünger + + + @@ -7951,9 +20128,10 @@ assay Qualitative or quantitative determination of the components of a material, such as an ore or a drug. analyse - Untersuchung - analyseren saggio + analyseren + Untersuchung + @@ -7962,9 +20140,11 @@ method A way of proceeding or doing something, especially a systematic or regular one. méthode - Methode - methode metodo + methode + Methode + + @@ -7979,9 +20159,10 @@ iron and steel industry Sector of the metallurgical industry dealing with the production of cast iron, steel and iron alloys. Emissions from these industries tend to settle quickly from the atmosphere and can lead to rising concentrations in the soil. The main raw material input to the production process is iron ore. Also recycled scrap is used. industrie sidérurgique - Eisen- und Stahlindustrie - ijzer- en staalindustrie industria siderurgica + ijzer- en staalindustrie + Eisen- und Stahlindustrie + @@ -7990,9 +20171,12 @@ chemical industry Industry related with the production of chemical compounds. The chemical processing industry has a variety of special pollution problems due to the vast number of products manufactured. The treatment processes combine processing, concentration, separation, extraction, by-product recovery, destruction, and reduction in concentration. The wastes may originate from solvent extraction, acid and caustic wastes, overflows, spills, mechanical loss, etc. industrie chimique - Chemische Industrie - chemische industrie industria chimica + chemische industrie + Chemische Industrie + + + @@ -8004,9 +20188,12 @@ urban habitat The resulting effects and interrelationships of human population concentrations, the built environment, and the biophysical environment. habitat urbain - Städtischer Lebensraum - stedelijke habitat habitat urbano + stedelijke habitat + Städtischer Lebensraum + + + @@ -8015,18 +20202,23 @@ wild fauna Not domesticated animals living independently of man. faune sauvage - Wildfauna - natuurlijke fauna fauna selvatica + natuurlijke fauna + Wildfauna + land management and planning Operations for preparing and controlling the implementation of plans for organizing human activities on land. aménagement du territoire - Raumordnung und -planung - landbeheer en -inrichting sfruttamento razionale del territorio + landbeheer en -inrichting + Raumordnung und -planung + + + + @@ -8038,9 +20230,13 @@ rural habitat The biotopes located in areas where agriculture is practiced. habitat rural - Ländlicher Lebensraum - woongebied in het platteland habitat rurale + woongebied in het platteland + Ländlicher Lebensraum + + + + @@ -8048,27 +20244,34 @@ groundwater quality Groundwater accounts for over 95% of the earth's useable fresh-water resources; over half the world's population depends on groundwater for drinking-water supplies. This invisible resource is vulnerable to pollution and over-exploitation. Effective conservation of groundwater supplies requires the integration of land-use and water management. qualité des eaux souterraines - Grundwasserqualität - grondwaterkwaliteit qualità delle acque sotterranee + grondwaterkwaliteit + Grundwasserqualität + + target setting Establishing or determining environmental goals or objectives. définition des cibles - Zielsetzung - het stellen van doelen definizione degli obiettivi + het stellen van doelen + Zielsetzung + + chemical installation Building where chemicals are manufactured. installation chimique - Chemieanlage - chemische installatie installazione chimica + chemische installatie + Chemieanlage + + + @@ -8076,9 +20279,10 @@ ontogenesis The entire sequence of events involved in the development of an individual organism. ontogenèse - Ontogenese - ontogenese ontogenesi + ontogenese + Ontogenese + @@ -8086,18 +20290,21 @@ land tax Property tax. A tax laid upon the legal or beneficial owner of real property, and apportioned upon the assessed value of his land. taxe foncière - Grundstückssteuer - grondbelasting imposta fondiaria + grondbelasting + Grundstückssteuer + + open lawn Any relatively unobstructed field of cultivated and mown grass, especially near a house or in a park. pelouse - Offene Rasenfläche - tra prato coltivato + tra + Offene Rasenfläche + @@ -8105,26 +20312,30 @@ biological cycle A series of transformations or biological events which follow one after the other one, reaching at the end of the cycle the initial conditions, as in the life cycle of many animal and plant organisms. cycle biologique - Biologischer Kreislauf - biologische cyclus ciclo biologico + biologische cyclus + Biologischer Kreislauf + chemical oceanography océanographie chimique - Chemische Ozeanographie - chemische oceanografie oceanografia chimica + chemische oceanografie + Chemische Ozeanographie + human habitat Any of the conditions in which people live. Also all human settlements in villages, towns or major cities, which require environmental management to provide water, public spaces, remove public wastes, etc. habitat humain - Menschlicher Lebensraum - menselijk habitat habitat umano + menselijk habitat + Menschlicher Lebensraum + + @@ -8133,27 +20344,35 @@ urban concentration A process in which an increasing proportion of a country's population is concentrated in urban areas. concentration urbaine - Ballung - stedelijke concentratie concentrazione urbana + stedelijke concentratie + Ballung + + home garden A plot of cultivated ground adjacent to a dwelling and usually devoted in whole or in part to the growing of herbs, fruits, flowers, or vegetables for household use. jardin familial - Hausgarten - moestuin giardino familiare + moestuin + Hausgarten + + + + photography The process of forming visible images directly or indirectly by the action of light or other forms of radiation on sensitive surfaces. photographie - Photographie - fotografie fotografia (procedimento) + fotografie + Photographie + + @@ -8161,36 +20380,43 @@ bottle cap bouchon - Flaschenverschluß - flessedop tappo + flessedop + Flaschenverschluß + + + iron scrap Waste pieces or disused articles of wrought iron (wrought-iron scrap) suitable for reworking for rolling or forging. ferraille - Eisenschrott - ijzerschroot ferraglia + ijzerschroot + Eisenschrott + + voting The act of formally expressing an opinion or choice in some matter or for some candidate, usually by voice or ballot. vote - Wahlverfahren - stemming voto + stemming + Wahlverfahren + agricultural structure The buildings, machinery, facilities, related to agricultural production. structure agricole - Agrarstruktur - landbouwstructuur struttura agricola + landbouwstructuur + Agrarstruktur + @@ -8200,18 +20426,20 @@ budget policy The programmatic use of a government's spending and revenue-generating activities to influence the economy and achieve specific objectives. politique budgétaire - Haushaltspolitik - begrotingsbeleid politica di bilancio + begrotingsbeleid + Haushaltspolitik + chemical pest control Control of plants and animals classified as pests by means of chemical compounds. procédé chimique de lutte contre les nuisibles - Chemische Schädlingsbekämpfung - chemische bestrijding controllo chimico + chemische bestrijding + Chemische Schädlingsbekämpfung + @@ -8222,18 +20450,20 @@ co-operation policy Political course of action aiming at establishing trade agreements among the states. politique de coopération - Kooperationspolitik - samenwerkingsbeleid politica di cooperazione + samenwerkingsbeleid + Kooperationspolitik + international balance A system in which nations or blocs of nations strive to maintain an equilibrium of power to prevent dominance by any single nation or to reduce conflict or the possibility of war. équilibre international - Internationales Gleichgewicht - internationaal evenwicht equilibrio internazionale + internationaal evenwicht + Internationales Gleichgewicht + @@ -8242,9 +20472,11 @@ Community finance The financial resources or income of the European Community, a body of people organized into a political unity. finances communautaires - Finanzen der Gemeinschaft - gemeentelijke financiën finanze comunitarie + gemeentelijke financiën + Finanzen der Gemeinschaft + + @@ -8253,9 +20485,10 @@ organisation of the legal system The specific manner, form and institutions by which a government's ability to make, enforce and interpret laws are brought together into a coordinated whole. organisation de la justice - Organisation des Rechtssystems - organisatie van het rechtsstelsel organizzazione della giustizia + organisatie van het rechtsstelsel + Organisation des Rechtssystems + @@ -8265,9 +20498,11 @@ 1) Title to or an interest in any property. 2) Any interest or privilege recognized and protected by law. droits - Rechte - rechten diritti + rechten + Rechte + + @@ -8279,9 +20514,10 @@ economic structure The underlying framework, including transportation and communications systems, industrial facilities, education and technology, that enables a country or region to produce goods, services and other resources with exchange value. structure économique - Wirtschaftsstruktur - economische structuur struttura economica + economische structuur + Wirtschaftsstruktur + @@ -8290,9 +20526,11 @@ distributive trade Distribution of material goods to consumers, through retailing and wholesaling. distribution commerciale - Vertrieb - commerciële verspreiding distribuzione commerciale + commerciële verspreiding + Vertrieb + + @@ -8300,9 +20538,10 @@ monetary relations The different modes in which countries, nations, etc., are brought together by financial, currency, or pecuniary interests. relation monétaire - Währungsbeziehungen - monetaire betrekkingen relazione monetaria + monetaire betrekkingen + Währungsbeziehungen + @@ -8310,9 +20549,10 @@ monetary economics The study, policies or system of institutions and procedures by which a country or region's commerce is supplied with notes, coins, bank deposits or other equivalent mediums of exchange. économie monétaire - Geldwirtschaft - monetaire economie economia monetaria + monetaire economie + Geldwirtschaft + @@ -8323,27 +20563,30 @@ free movement of capital The unrestrained flow of cash, funds, and other means of wealth between countries with different currencies. libre circulation des capitaux - Freier Kapitalverkehr - vrij verkeer van kapitaal libera circolazione dei capitali + vrij verkeer van kapitaal + Freier Kapitalverkehr + social framework The underlying structure that connects and supports the various members and parts of a community or human organization. cadre social - Sozialer Rahmen - sociale omstandigheden quadro sociale + sociale omstandigheden + Sozialer Rahmen + social protection The monies and programs a society enacts through either public or private entities to provide economic security and general welfare for its members, often on account of old age, unemployment, health, disability or death of a spouse, parent or other benefactor. protection sociale - Sozialer Schutz - sociale bescherming protezione sociale + sociale bescherming + Sozialer Schutz + @@ -8351,18 +20594,21 @@ organisation of teaching A group or association of persons united to address the concerns, methods and professional status of instructors or educators. organisation de l'enseignement - Organisation des Unterrichtswesens - organisatie van het onderwijs organizzazione scolastica + organisatie van het onderwijs + Organisation des Unterrichtswesens + business organisation A particular legal arrangement for owning a firm, the principal forms are sale trades, partnerships and companies/corporations; collective term for the system, function, process of planning, providing, coordinating, directing all efforts and resources in a business in order to achieve its goals. organisation de l'entreprise - Unternehmensorganisation - bedrijfsorganisatie organizzazione aziendale + bedrijfsorganisatie + Unternehmensorganisation + + @@ -8373,9 +20619,13 @@ chemical plant Plants where basic raw materials are chemically converted into a variety of products. usine chimique - Chemiewerk - chemische fabriek impianto chimico + chemische fabriek + Chemiewerk + + + + @@ -8383,9 +20633,11 @@ business classification The categorization of enterprises or organizations involved in an economy. type d'entreprise - Unternehmensarten - bedrijfsclassificatie classificazione delle imprese + bedrijfsclassificatie + Unternehmensarten + + @@ -8393,18 +20645,20 @@ legal form of organisations The type, structure or purpose of an institution as arranged, required and defined by local or national laws to determine the appropriate governmental regulations, privileges and tax status applicable to that institution. forme juridique de l'entreprise - Rechtsform einer Gesellschaft - wettelijke ondernemingsvorm forma giuridica di società + wettelijke ondernemingsvorm + Rechtsform einer Gesellschaft + cultivation of agricultural land Cultivation of land for the production of plant crops. Agricultural land may be employed in an unimproved state with few, if any, management inputs (extensive rangeland), or in an intensively managed state with annual inputs of fertilizer, pest, control treatments, and tillage. exploitation de la terre agricole - Nutzung der landwirtschaftlichen Fläche - ontginning van de landbouwgrond coltivazione di terreni agricoli + ontginning van de landbouwgrond + Nutzung der landwirtschaftlichen Fläche + @@ -8412,52 +20666,63 @@ means of agricultural production moyen de production agricole - Landwirtschaftliches Betriebsmittel - landbouwproductiemiddelen mezzi di produzione agricola + landbouwproductiemiddelen + Landwirtschaftliches Betriebsmittel + processed agricultural produce produit agricole transformé - Landwirtschaftliches Verarbeitungserzeugnis - verwerkt landbouwproduct prodotto agricolo trasformato + verwerkt landbouwproduct + Landwirtschaftliches Verarbeitungserzeugnis + + agri-foodstuff Industry dealing with the production, processing, and supply of agricultural food products. agro-alimentaire - Landwirtschafts- und Ernährungssektor - agrovoeding industria agro-alimentare + agrovoeding + Landwirtschafts- und Ernährungssektor + + chemical policy politique en matière de produits chimiques - Chemiepolitik - chemisch beleid politica della chimica + chemisch beleid + Chemiepolitik + + economic geography The geography of people making a living, dealing with the spatial patterns of production, distribution and consumption of goods and services. The development of economic geography over the past three decades has witnessed the substitution of analysis for description, leading to an identification of the factors and an understanding of the processes affecting the spatial differentiation of economic activities over the earth's surface. géographie économique - Wirtschaftsgeographie - economische geografie geografia economica + economische geografie + Wirtschaftsgeographie + + + credit The financial facility or system by which goods and services are provided in return for deferred, instead of immediate, payment. crédit - Kredit - krediet credito + krediet + Kredit + @@ -8468,26 +20733,31 @@ freedom The quality or state of being free, especially to enjoy political and civil liberties. liberté - Freiheit - vrijheid libertà + vrijheid + Freiheit + industrial structure structure industrielle - Industriestruktur - industriële structuur struttura industriale + industriële structuur + Industriestruktur + + chemical pollutant polluant chimique - Chemischer Schadstoff - chemische verontreinigende stof inquinante chimico + chemische verontreinigende stof + Chemischer Schadstoff + + @@ -8498,45 +20768,55 @@ stock (trade) Stored products ready for sale. stock (commercial) - Vorrat - voorraad scorta + voorraad + Vorrat + + sterilisation (biological) Procedure by which a human or other animal is made incapable of reproduction. stérilisation (biologique) - Sterilisation (biologisch) - sterilisatie sterilizzazione (biologia) + sterilisatie + Sterilisation (biologisch) + + + environmental economics of firms The use of financial resources for the purpose of incorporating ecological principles in the operations of businesses and companies. économie environnementale des entreprises - Umweltökonomie (betrieblich) - milieueconomie van ondernemingen economia ambientale delle aziende + milieueconomie van ondernemingen + Umweltökonomie (betrieblich) + + yield (agricultural) The accumulated volume or biomass remaining from gross production after accounting for losses due to respiration during production, herbivory, litterfall, and other factors that decrease the remaining available biomass. rendement (agriculture) - Ertrag (landwirtschaftlich) - oogst rendimento (agricoltura) + oogst + Ertrag (landwirtschaftlich) + environmental problem solving The activity of finding solutions for troublesome or perplexing situations involving ecological or natural resources. apport de solution à un problème environnemental - Lösung von Umweltproblemen - het oplossen van milieuproblemen soluzione di problemi ambientali + het oplossen van milieuproblemen + Lösung von Umweltproblemen + + @@ -8547,9 +20827,12 @@ fodder plant Plants used to feed livestock. plante fourragère - Futterpflanze - voedergewas pianta foraggera + voedergewas + Futterpflanze + + + @@ -8557,9 +20840,11 @@ industrial plant (organism) Plants employed in industry, e.g. cotton, flax, hemp, peanuts, etc. matière première végétale - Industriepflanze - industriegewas pianta industriale + industriegewas + Industriepflanze + + @@ -8567,9 +20852,11 @@ chemical pollution Pollution caused by substances of chemical nature, including chlorinated hydrocarbon pesticides, polychlorinated biphenyls, metals as mercury, lead, cadmium, arsenic, etc. pollution chimique - Verunreinigung durch Chemikalien - chemische vervuiling inquinamento chimico + chemische vervuiling + Verunreinigung durch Chemikalien + + @@ -8579,9 +20866,11 @@ textile plant Plant producing material suitable to be made into cloths. plante textile - Textilpflanze - textielplant pianta tessile + textielplant + Textilpflanze + + @@ -8589,9 +20878,10 @@ tropical plant Plants growing in tropical areas in conditions of constant rain and high temperature. plante tropicale - Tropische Pflanze - tropisch gewas pianta tropicale + tropisch gewas + Tropische Pflanze + @@ -8599,18 +20889,20 @@ agricultural real estate Property of agricultural land and anything permanently affixed to the land, such as buildings, fences, etc. propriété foncière agricole - Landwirtschaftliches Grundeigentum - landbouwgrondbezit proprietà fondiaria agricola + landbouwgrondbezit + Landwirtschaftliches Grundeigentum + agricultural holding As defined by the United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization, an agricultural holding is simply a basic unit for agricultural production. exploitation agricole - Landwirtschaftliches Unternehmen - landbouwonderneming azienda agricola + landbouwonderneming + Landwirtschaftliches Unternehmen + @@ -8619,53 +20911,64 @@ type of tenure The manner in which land is owned and possessed, i.e. of title to its use. mode de faire-valoir - Besitzart - soort aanstelling regime di conduzione + soort aanstelling + Besitzart + + geophysical environment The physical earth and its surroundings, consisting of the oceans and inland waters, lower and upper atmosphere, space, land masses and land forms. milieu géophysique - Geophysikalische Umwelt - geofysisch milieu ambiente geofisico + geofysisch milieu + Geophysikalische Umwelt + petrochemical Chemicals manufactured from the products of oil refineries, based largely on ethylene, propylene and butylene produced in the cracking of petrol fractions. produit pétrochimique - Petrochemie - petrochemisch petrolchimica + petrochemisch + Petrochemie + + speciality chemical Various fine chemical products like glue, adhesives, resins, rubber, plastic compounds, selective herbicide, etc. parachimie - Parachemie - op maat gemaakt chemisch product prodotti chimici speciali + op maat gemaakt chemisch product + Parachemie + + protein product produit protéique - Eiweißerzeugnis - eiwithoudend product prodotto proteico + eiwithoudend product + Eiweißerzeugnis + + processed foodstuff Food which has been treated to improve its appearance or to prevent it going bad. aliment transformé - Behandeltes Lebensmittel - verwerkt voedingsmiddel alimento trattato + verwerkt voedingsmiddel + Behandeltes Lebensmittel + + @@ -8673,9 +20976,12 @@ aeration Exposition to the action of air. aération - Belüftung - beluchting aerazione + beluchting + Belüftung + + + @@ -8684,9 +20990,10 @@ chemical process The particular method of manufacturing or making a chemical usually involving a number of steps or operations. procédé chimique - Chemischer Vorgang - chemische processen processi chimici + chemische processen + Chemischer Vorgang + @@ -8699,27 +21006,31 @@ convenience food Food so prepared and presented as to be easily and quickly ready for consumption. produit alimentaire complexe - zubereitetes Lebensmittel - samengestelde voeding prodotto alimentare complesso + samengestelde voeding + zubereitetes Lebensmittel + mining product produit minier - Bergbauliches Erzeugnis - mijnbouwproduct prodotto minerario + mijnbouwproduct + Bergbauliches Erzeugnis + + root crop Plants which store edible material in a root, corm or tuber; root crops used as food vegetables or fodder include carrots, parsnips, swedes and turnips; starchy root crops include potatoes, cassavas and yams. plante sarclée - Wurzelgemüse - wortel- en knolgewas tuberi da raccolto + wortel- en knolgewas + Wurzelgemüse + @@ -8727,9 +21038,10 @@ cultivation system Any overall structure or set-up used to organize the activity of preparing land or soil for the growth of new crops, or the activity of promoting or improving the growth of existing crops. système de culture - Anbausystem - verbouwingswijze sistema di coltura + verbouwingswijze + Anbausystem + @@ -8739,9 +21051,10 @@ crop production The act or process of yielding produce from farmland, for livestock or human consumption. production végétale - Nutzpflanzenproduktion - gewassenteelt produzione di raccolti + gewassenteelt + Nutzpflanzenproduktion + @@ -8751,9 +21064,10 @@ fisheries structure Refers to all the structures (fishing vessels, trawling nets, factory ships, catcher boats, etc.) used in fishing industry. équipement de pêche - Fischereistruktur - visserijstructuur struttura di pesca + visserijstructuur + Fischereistruktur + @@ -8761,27 +21075,34 @@ fishing ground Area of sea or freshwater where fish are caught. zone de pêche - Fanggrund - visplaats luogo di pesca + visplaats + Fanggrund + coal industry Industry related with the technical and mechanical activity of removing coal from the earth and preparing it for market. industrie charbonnière - Kohlenindustrie - steenkoolindustrie industria del carbone + steenkoolindustrie + Kohlenindustrie + + + energy industry Industry which converts various types of fuels as well as solar, water, tidal, and geothermal energy into other energy forms for a variety of household, commercial, transportation, and industrial application. industrie énergétique - Energiewirtschaft - energie-industrie industria energetica + energie-industrie + Energiewirtschaft + + + @@ -8790,11 +21111,15 @@ - communications industry + communication industry industrie de la communication - Kommunikationsindustrie - communicatie-industrie industria delle comunicazioni + communicatie-industrie + Kommunikationsindustrie + + + + @@ -8802,26 +21127,33 @@ information technology industry A sector of the economy in which an aggregate of commercial enterprises is engaged in the design, manufacture and marketing of electronic machines designed to accept information or data that is easily manipulated for some result based on a program or some set of instructions, and the technology or materials used with these machines, such as storage devices, terminals and peripheral equipment. industrie informatique - Datenverarbeitungsindustrie - informatietechnologiesector industria dell'informatica + informatietechnologiesector + Datenverarbeitungsindustrie + + + vacuum industry industrie du vide - Vakuumindustrie - vacuümindustrie industria del vuoto + vacuümindustrie + Vakuumindustrie + + preparation for market The containment, protection, handling and presentation of goods for the market. conditionnement - Produktverpackung und-aufmachung - marktpreparaat confezionamento + marktpreparaat + Produktverpackung und-aufmachung + + @@ -8829,9 +21161,11 @@ precision engineering Research and development, design, manufacture and measurement of high accuracy components and systems. It is related to mechanical, electronic, optical and production engineering, physics, chemistry, and computer and materials science. mécanique de précision - Feinmechanik - fijnmechanica meccanica di precisione + fijnmechanica + Feinmechanik + + @@ -8839,18 +21173,20 @@ materials technology Any technical means or equipment used for the production and optimization of material goods that consist of any of a diverse range of properties, either alone or in combination, such as glass, metal, plastics and ceramics. technologie des matériaux - Materialtechnologie - materiaaltechnologie tecnologia dei materiali + materiaaltechnologie + Materialtechnologie + chemical property Properties of a substance depending on the arrangement of the atoms in the molecule, e.g. bio-availability, degradability, persistence, etc. propriété chimique - Chemische Kenngröße - chemische eigenschappen proprietà chimiche + chemische eigenschappen + Chemische Kenngröße + @@ -8870,9 +21206,10 @@ military equipment Equipment necessary to the performance of military activities, either combat or noncombat. matériel militaire - Militärische Ausrüstung - militaire uitrusting equipaggiamento militare + militaire uitrusting + Militärische Ausrüstung + @@ -8880,18 +21217,20 @@ audiovisual equipment Equipment designed to aid in learning and teaching by making use of both hearing and sight. matériel audiovisuel - Audiovisuelle Ausrüstung - audiovisueel materiaal materiale audiovisivo + audiovisueel materiaal + Audiovisuelle Ausrüstung + machinery A group of parts or machines arranged to perform a useful function. machine - Maschine - machines macchinario + machines + Maschine + @@ -8899,18 +21238,20 @@ mechanical equipment Machines and tools employed in manual and mechanical labour. matériel mécanique - Mechanische Geräte und Anlagen - mechanisch materiaal attrezzatura meccanica + mechanisch materiaal + Mechanische Geräte und Anlagen + pressure equipment Equipment operating with an internal pressure greater than atmospheric. équipement sous pression - Überdruckausrüstung - hogedrukapparatuur apparecchiatura sotto pressione + hogedrukapparatuur + Überdruckausrüstung + @@ -8918,9 +21259,11 @@ thermal equipment Equipment related to the production of heat. équipement thermique - Heiztechnische Ausrüstung - warmte-apparatuur attrezzatura termica + warmte-apparatuur + Heiztechnische Ausrüstung + + @@ -8935,61 +21278,75 @@ industrial manufacturing To make or process (a raw material) into a finished product, especially by means of a large-scale industrial operation. fabrication industrielle - Industrielle Fertigung - industriële fabricage fabbricazione industriale + industriële fabricage + Industrielle Fertigung + + size of business taille d'entreprise - Unternehmensgröße - bedrijfsgrootte dimensioni della impresa + bedrijfsgrootte + Unternehmensgröße + + business activity Any profit-seeking undertaking or venture that involves the production, sale and purchase of goods or services. activité de l'entreprise - Geschäftsgebaren - zakelijke activiteit vita aziendale + zakelijke activiteit + Geschäftsgebaren + + branch of activity A specialized division of a business or other organization. secteur d'activité - Tätigkeitsbereich des Unternehmens - bedrijfstak tipo di attività dell'impresa + bedrijfstak + Tätigkeitsbereich des Unternehmens + + administrative occupation profession administrative - Verwaltungsberuf - administratief beroep professione amministrativa + administratief beroep + Verwaltungsberuf + + building service The aggregation of services, including construction, development, maintenance and leasing, performed for human-occupied properties, such as office buildings and apartment houses. équipment du bâtiment - Gebäudeausrüstung - technische voorzieningen van gebouwen attrezzatura edile + technische voorzieningen van gebouwen + Gebäudeausrüstung + + mode of transportation Type of vehicle used for moving from one place to the other. mode de transport - Beförderungsart - vervoerswijze modo di trasporto + vervoerswijze + Beförderungsart + + @@ -8998,18 +21355,22 @@ destination of transport The targeted place to which persons, materials or commodities are conveyed over land, water or through the air. localisation du transport - Verkehrsziel - vervoersbestemming ambito territoriale del trasporto + vervoersbestemming + Verkehrsziel + degradation of the environment The process by which the environment is progressively contaminated, overexploited and destroyed. dégradation de l'environnement - Umweltzerstörung - verval van het milieu degrado dell'ambiente + verval van het milieu + Umweltzerstörung + + + @@ -9026,9 +21387,11 @@ Community budget A schedule of revenues and expenditures for a specific time period that is devised by the European Community, a body of people organized into a political unity. budget communautaire - Haushaltsplan der Gemeinschaft - gemeentebegroting bilancio comunitario + gemeentebegroting + Haushaltsplan der Gemeinschaft + + @@ -9036,9 +21399,10 @@ economic support Any form of financial assistance or inducement for persons or institutions. soutien économique - wirtschaftliche Stützung - economische steun sostegno economico + economische steun + wirtschaftliche Stützung + @@ -9047,18 +21411,20 @@ accounting system The system of setting up, maintaining, and auditing the books of a firm and of analyzing its financial status and operating results. système de comptabilité - Rechnungswesen - boekhoudsysteem sistema di contabilità + boekhoudsysteem + Rechnungswesen + chemical reaction A change in which a substance is transformed into one or more new substances. réaction chimique - Chemische Reaktion - chemische reacties reazioni chimiche + chemische reacties + Chemische Reaktion + @@ -9081,27 +21447,32 @@ economic forecasting The production of estimates of future financial and commercial trends, based on econometric models or surveys. prévision économique - Wirtschaftsprognose - het opstellen van economische prognoses previsione economica + het opstellen van economische prognoses + Wirtschaftsprognose + customs tariff An official list or schedule setting forth the duties imposed by a government on imported or exported goods. tarif douanier - Zolltarif - douanetarief tariffa doganale + douanetarief + Zolltarif + + commercial transaction The conduct or carrying on of trade, business or a financial matter to a conclusion or settlement. acte de commerce - Handelsgeschäft - handelsverrichting transazione commerciale + handelsverrichting + Handelsgeschäft + + @@ -9112,90 +21483,105 @@ pay policy A course of action or procedure regarding compensation or recompensation for work done or services rendered. politique des salaires - Lohnpolitik - loonbeleid politica salariale + loonbeleid + Lohnpolitik + + European Monetary System An organization established in Europe in 1979 to coordinate financial policy and exchange rates for the continent by running the Exchange Rate Mechanism (ERM) and assisting movement toward a common European currency and a central European bank. système monétaire européen - Europäisches Währungssystem - Europees Monetair Stelsel Sistema monetario europeo + Europees Monetair Stelsel + Europäisches Währungssystem + money market A financial market that trades Treasury bills, commercial paper and other short-term financial instruments. This market is often used by businesses when they need short-term funds to bridge the gap between paying operating costs and collecting revenue from product sales. As such, the term "money" in money market indicates that businesses are using highly liquid instruments to raise the money need for operating expenses. marché monétaire - Geldmarkt - monetaire markt mercato monetario + monetaire markt + Geldmarkt + exchange policy Course of action or procedure by government, business, or an individual concerning trade activities. politique des changes - Devisenpolitik - deviezenbeleid politica dei cambi + deviezenbeleid + Devisenpolitik + credit policy An official course of action adopted by a business, financial institution or state to regulate, restrict or increase deferred payment arrangements for goods, services or money. politique de crédit - Kreditpolitik - kredietbeleid politica creditizia + kredietbeleid + Kreditpolitik + + public debt The total amount of all government securities outstanding. This is also frequently termed government debt. dette publique - Öffentliche Schuld - overheidsschuld debito pubblico + overheidsschuld + Öffentliche Schuld + tax on consumption A sum of money demanded from businesses by a government, usually based on a percentage of total sales of select goods and services, and generally passed on to consumers with each individual purchase. impôt sur la consommation - Verbrauchssteuer - verbruiksbelasting imposta di consumo + verbruiksbelasting + Verbrauchssteuer + + tax on capital A government imposed levy on the wealth or assets gained by an individual, firm, or corporation for the purpose of raising revenue to pay for services or improvements for the general public benefit. impôt sur le capital - Vermögenssteuer - kapitaalbelasting imposta sul capitale + kapitaalbelasting + Vermögenssteuer + income tax A tax on the annual profits arising from property, business pursuits, professions, trades or offices. impôt sur le revenu - Einkommenssteuer - inkomstenbelasting imposta sul reddito + inkomstenbelasting + Einkommenssteuer + + taxation policy The use of government tax and spending policies to achieve desired macroeconomic goals. Accordingly, they involve discretionary efforts to adjust governmental tax and spending to induce changes in economic incentives and, hence, to stabilize fluctuations in aggregate demand. politique fiscale - Steuerpolitik - belastingbeleid politica fiscale + belastingbeleid + Steuerpolitik + + @@ -9203,36 +21589,43 @@ farm price The amount of money or monetary rate at which agricultural goods and services can be bought or sold. prix agricole - Agrarpreis - landbouwprijs prezzo agricolo + landbouwprijs + Agrarpreis + + market price The price actually given in current market dealings; the actual price at which given stock or commodity is currently sold in the usual and ordinary course of trade and competition between sellers and buyers. prix de marché - Marktpreis - marktprijs prezzo di mercato + marktprijs + Marktpreis + transport cost The outlay or expenditure involved in moving goods from one place to another. prix de transport - Beförderungsentgelt - vervoerskosten prezzo di trasporto + vervoerskosten + Beförderungsentgelt + + prices policy The guiding procedure, philosophy, or course of action for decisions regarding the monetary rate or value for goods and services. politique des prix - Preispolitik - prijsbeleid politica dei prezzi + prijsbeleid + Preispolitik + + @@ -9240,27 +21633,32 @@ economic concentration The extent to which a market is taken up by producers within a given industry. concentration économique - Konzentration wirtschaftlicher Macht - economische concentratie concentrazione economica + economische concentratie + Konzentration wirtschaftlicher Macht + company structure The type of organization of a company. Three kinds of structure are usually recognized: centralized, formal or hierarchical. structure de l'entreprise - Unternehmensstruktur - ondernemingsstructuur struttura dell'impresa + ondernemingsstructuur + Unternehmensstruktur + + chemical risk Probability of harm to human health, property or the environment posed by contact with any substance of a defined molecular composition. risque chimique - Chemierisiko - chemisch risico rischio chimico + chemisch risico + Chemierisiko + + @@ -9268,9 +21666,10 @@ financial management The management of acquisitions and the use of long- and short-term capital by a business. gestion financière - Finanzgebaren - financieel beheer gestione finanziaria + financieel beheer + Finanzgebaren + @@ -9279,9 +21678,10 @@ management accounting The collection and processing of financial information to assist with the handling, direction, or control of an organization. gestion comptable - Betriebliches Rechnungswesen - bestuurlijke administratie gestione contabile + bestuurlijke administratie + Betriebliches Rechnungswesen + @@ -9290,9 +21690,11 @@ business policy The guiding procedure, philosophy or course of action for an enterprise or company organized for commercial purposes. politique de l'entreprise - Unternehmenspolitik - ondernemingsbeleid politica dell'impresa + ondernemingsbeleid + Unternehmenspolitik + + @@ -9301,9 +21703,11 @@ restriction on competition Article 85(1) of the EEC Treaty prohibits all agreements between undertakings, decisions by associations of undertakings and concerted practices which may affect trade between member states and which have as their object or effect the prevention, restriction or distortion of competition within the common market. All such arrangements are automatically null and void under Article 85(2), unless exempted by the Commission pursuant to Article 85(3). The text of Article 85 is as follows: "1. The following shall be prohibited as incompatible with the common market: all agreements between undertakings, decisions by associations of undertakings and concerted practices which may affect trade between member states and which have as their object or effect the prevention, restriction or distortion of competition within the common market, and in particular those which: (a) directly or indirectly fix purchase or selling prices or any other trading conditions; (b) limit or control production, markets, technical development, or investment; (c) share markets or sources of supply; (d) apply dissimilar conditions to equivalent transactions with other trading parties, thereby placing them at a competitive disadvantage; (e) make the conclusion of contracts subject to acceptance by the other parties of supplementary obligations which, by their nature or according to commercial usage, have no connection with the subject of such contracts. restriction à la concurrence - Wettbewerbsbeschänkung - concurrentiebeperking restrizione alla concorrenza + concurrentiebeperking + Wettbewerbsbeschänkung + + @@ -9311,44 +21715,50 @@ private international law The part of the national law of a country that establishes rules for dealing with cases involving a foreign element. droit privé international - Internationales Zivilrecht - internationaal privaatrecht diritto privato internazionale + internationaal privaatrecht + Internationales Zivilrecht + public international law The general rules and principles pertaining to the conduct of nations and of international organizations and with the relations among them. droit international public - Völkerrecht - internationaal publiekrecht diritto pubblico internazionale + internationaal publiekrecht + Völkerrecht + international economic law The recognized rules guiding the commercial relations of at least two sovereign states or private parties involved in cross-border transactions, including regulations for trade, finance and intellectual property. droit international économique - internationales Wirtschaftsrecht - internationaal economisch recht diritto internazionale economico + internationaal economisch recht + internationales Wirtschaftsrecht + + criminal liability responsabilité pénale - Strafrechtliche Verantwortlichkeit - strafrechtelijke aansprakelijkheid responsabilità penale + strafrechtelijke aansprakelijkheid + Strafrechtliche Verantwortlichkeit + public contract Any contract in which there are public funds provided though private persons may perform the contract and the subject of the contract may ultimately benefit private persons. marché public - Öffentlichkeit Auftrag - overheidsopracht contratto pubblico + overheidsopracht + Öffentlichkeit Auftrag + @@ -9356,9 +21766,11 @@ chemical Any substance used in or resulting from a reaction involving changes to atoms or molecules. substance chimique - Chemikalien - chemicalie sostanza chimica + chemicalie + Chemikalien + + @@ -9390,27 +21802,32 @@ customs regulation A body of rules or orders generally issued by the executive authority of a government to establish and direct the taxes, duties or tariffs payable upon merchandise exported or imported. réglementation douanière - Zollvorschrift - douaneregelingen regolamentazione doganale + douaneregelingen + Zollvorschrift + + family law Branch of specialty of law, also denominated "domestic relations" law, concerned with such subjects as adoption, annulment, divorce, separation, paternity, custody, support and child care. droit de la famille - Familienrecht - familierecht diritto di famiglia + familierecht + Familienrecht + traffic regulation A body of rules or orders prescribed by government or management for the safe and orderly movement of vehicles on land, sea or in the air. réglementation de la circulation - Verkehrsvorschriften - verkeersvoorschrift regolamentazione del traffico + verkeersvoorschrift + Verkehrsvorschriften + + @@ -9419,36 +21836,43 @@ regulation of agricultural production A body of rules or orders prescribed by government, management or an international organization or treaty pertaining to the cultivation of land, raising crops, or feeding, breeding and raising livestock. réglementation de la production agricole - Lenkung der Agrarproduktion - voorschriften voor de landbouwproductie regolamentazione della produzione agricola + voorschriften voor de landbouwproductie + Lenkung der Agrarproduktion + law relating to prisons Binding rules and regulations pertaining to the construction, use and operation of jails, penitentiaries and other places of legal confinement and punishment. droit pénitentiaire - Strafvollzugsrecht - penitentiair recht diritto penitenziario + penitentiair recht + Strafvollzugsrecht + estate rental The service provided by an owner agreeing to grant the temporary possession of specific housing in return for the payment of rent from the tenant. location immobilière - Immobilienvermietung - verhuur van onroerend goed locazione immobiliare + verhuur van onroerend goed + Immobilienvermietung + + + data processing law droit de l'informatique - Datenverarbeitungsrecht - informaticarecht legislazione sull'informatica + informaticarecht + Datenverarbeitungsrecht + + @@ -9456,9 +21880,10 @@ competition law That part of the law dealing with matters such as those arising from monopolies and mergers, restrictive trading agreements, resale price maintenance and agreements involving distortion of competition affected by EU rules. droit de la concurrence - Wettbewerbsrecht - concurrentierecht legislazione sulla concorrenza + concurrentierecht + Wettbewerbsrecht + @@ -9466,35 +21891,42 @@ restrictive trade practice Business operation or action that confines or limits the free exchange of goods and services within a country or between countries, which may include discrimination, exclusive dealings, collusion agreements or price fixing. pratique commerciale restrictive - Kartellabsprache - mededingingsregeling patto di non concorrenza + mededingingsregeling + Kartellabsprache + + EC Treaty traité CE - EG-Vertrag - EG-Verdrag trattato CE + EG-Verdrag + EG-Vertrag + chemicals act loi sur les produits chimiques - Chemikaliengesetz - wet op chemicaliën legge sui prodotti chimici + wet op chemicaliën + Chemikaliengesetz + + transport regulation A rule or order prescribed by government or management for the safe and orderly conveyance of persons, materials or commodities over land, water or through the air. réglementation du transport - Verkehrpolitische Regelung - vervoersvoorschrift regolamentazione dei trasporti + vervoersvoorschrift + Verkehrpolitische Regelung + + @@ -9502,27 +21934,30 @@ Community legal system The directly applicable legislation of the European Community regulating the relations of member states. ordre juridique communautaire - Rechtsordnung der Gemeinschaft - juridisch systeem van de Europese Gemeenschap ordinamento giuridico comunitario + juridisch systeem van de Europese Gemeenschap + Rechtsordnung der Gemeinschaft + Community act acte communautaire - Rechtsakt der Gemeinschaft - gemeentewet atto comunitario + gemeentewet + Rechtsakt der Gemeinschaft + ruling A judicial or administrative interpretation of a provision of a statute, order, regulation, or ordinance. May also refer to judicial determination of admissibility of evidence, allowance of motion, etc. décision juridique - Regelung - vonnis decisione (interpretazione amministrativa o giudiziaria) + vonnis + Regelung + @@ -9530,9 +21965,10 @@ legal procedure Term includes all proceedings authorised or sanctioned by law, and brought or instituted in a court of legal tribunal, for the acquiring of a right or the enforcement of a remedy. procédure judiciaire - Gerichtsverfahren - rechtsgang procedura legale + rechtsgang + Gerichtsverfahren + @@ -9546,36 +21982,40 @@ access to the courts The right of citizens to access to the organs of the governments where justice is administered. accès à la justice - Zugang zur Rechtspflege - toegankelijkheid van de rechtspleging accesso alla giustizia + toegankelijkheid van de rechtspleging + Zugang zur Rechtspflege + organisation (law) Term used in commercial law, including a corporation, government or governmental subdivision or agency, business trust, estate, trust, partnership or association, two or more persons having a joint or common interest, or any other legal or commercial entity. société (organisme) - Organisation - organisatie società (legge) + organisatie + Organisation + legal profession A body of persons whose occupation is concerned with advising clients in matters of law, representing them in court or assisting them through the judicial process, including, in the first instance, lawyers and, by extension, judges, legal assistants and court employees. profession judiciaire - Organ der Rechtspflege - juridische stand professione giudiziaria + juridische stand + Organ der Rechtspflege + legal system The organization and network of courts and other institutions, procedures and customs, officers and other personnel concerned with interpretation and enforcement of a country's law or with advice and assistance in matters pertaining to those laws. système judiciaire - Rechtssystem - rechtsstelsel sistema giudiziario + rechtsstelsel + Rechtssystem + @@ -9584,9 +22024,10 @@ administrative organisation organisation administrative - Verwaltungsorganisation - administratieve organisatie organizzazione amministrativa + administratieve organisatie + Verwaltungsorganisation + @@ -9602,9 +22043,11 @@ legislative procedure Any prescribed step or manner of proceeding that a law making body takes in proposing laws, resolutions or special acts before they can be enacted or passed. procédure législative - Gesetzesinitiative - wetgevingsprocedure procedura legislativa + wetgevingsprocedure + Gesetzesinitiative + + @@ -9616,9 +22059,10 @@ management technique systematic approach or method of performance for the accomplishment of administrative goals or tasks. technique de gestion - Managementtechnik - beheerstechniek tecnica di gestione + beheerstechniek + Managementtechnik + @@ -9629,9 +22073,10 @@ institutional structure An organization's complex system of mutually connected and dependent elements or parts, which make up a definite manner of arrangement. structure institutionnelle - Institutionelle Struktur - institutionele structuur struttura istituzionale + institutionele structuur + Institutionelle Struktur + @@ -9648,9 +22093,10 @@ institutional activity The specific tasks, undertakings or functions that governments, businesses and other organizations perform. vie institutionnelle - Institutionelle Aktivität - institutionele activiteit vita istituzionale + institutionele activiteit + Institutionelle Aktivität + @@ -9658,89 +22104,102 @@ common commercial policy The set of uniform trade principles or practices established by an European Community customs union, which implements common tariff rates, tariff and trade agreements with non-member countries, import and export policies, and export promotion. politique commerciale commune - Gemeinsame Handelspolitik - gemeenschappelijk handelsbeleid politica commerciale comune + gemeenschappelijk handelsbeleid + Gemeinsame Handelspolitik + common tariff policy A course of action adopted and pursued by member countries, in which it is agreed to impose a system of duties or tax charges on imports from non-member countries. politique tarifaire commune - Gemeinsamer Zolltarifpolitik - gemeenschappelijk tariefbeleid politica tariffaria comune + gemeenschappelijk tariefbeleid + Gemeinsamer Zolltarifpolitik + research policy politique de la recherche - Forschungspolitik - onderzoeksbeleid politica della ricerca + onderzoeksbeleid + Forschungspolitik + construction policy A course of action adopted and pursued by government, business or some other organization, which plans or organizes for the maintenance, development and erection of houses, offices, bridges or other building structures. politique de la construction - Baupolitik - bouwbeleid politica edilizia + bouwbeleid + Baupolitik + - communications policy + communication policy Measures and practices adopted by governments relating to the management of communication media. politique de la communication - Kommunikationspolitik - communicatiebeleid politica della comunicazione + communicatiebeleid + Kommunikationspolitik + production policy Measures and activities promoted by governments aiming at the structural definition of the productive apparatus. politique de production - Produktionspolitik - productiebeleid politica di produzione + productiebeleid + Produktionspolitik + + chemical in the environment The presence in the environment of any solid, liquid or gaseous material discharged from a process and that may pose substantial hazard to human health and the environment. produits chimiques dans l'environnement - Umweltchemikalien - chemicaliën in het milieu prodotti chimici nell'ambiente + chemicaliën in het milieu + Umweltchemikalien + + space policy A course of action adopted and pursued by government or some other organization, which seeks to support research and the exploration of planets, asteroids and other elements in the region beyond earth's atmosphere or beyond the solar system. politique de l'espace - Weltraumforschung - ruimtevaartbeleid politica dello spazio + ruimtevaartbeleid + Weltraumforschung + economic region A district or an administrative division of a city or territory that is designed according to some material, distributive or productive criteria. région économique - Wirtschaftsraum - economisch gebied regione economica + economisch gebied + Wirtschaftsraum + + aid policy A course of action adopted and pursued by government or some other organization that promotes or determines the allocation of assistance, support or relief, often from one country to another. politique d'aide - Beihilfepolitik - hulpbeleid politica di aiuto + hulpbeleid + Beihilfepolitik + @@ -9753,36 +22212,42 @@ humanitarian aid The support or relief given to save human lives or to alleviate suffering, including public health efforts and the provision of financial resources and food, often when governmental authorities are unable or unwilling to provide for such assistance. aide humanitaire - Humanitäre Hilfe - humanitaire hulp aiuto umanitario + humanitaire hulp + Humanitäre Hilfe + international conflict A controversy, disagreement, quarrel or warfare between or among two or more nations or countries, often requiring involvement or monitoring by other members of the global community. conflit international - internationaler Konflikt - internationaal conflict conflitto internazionale + internationaal conflict + internationaler Konflikt + peacekeeping The activities to prevent, contain, moderate and/or terminate the hostilities between or within States, through the medium of an impartial third party intervention, organised and directed internationally. This intervention is conducted using military forces, police and civilians with the consent of the main belligerents, to complement the diplomatic conflict resolution process and, to restore and maintain peace. maintien de la paix - Erhaltung des Friedens - handhaving van de vrede mantenimento della pace + handhaving van de vrede + Erhaltung des Friedens + pollution control measure Procedure or course of action taken to curb or reduce human-made or human-alteration of the physical, biological, chemical and radiological integrity of air, water and other media. mesure de lutte contre la pollution - Umweltschutzmaßnahme - maatregel ter bestrijding van milieuverontreiniging lotta contro l'inquinamento + maatregel ter bestrijding van milieuverontreiniging + Umweltschutzmaßnahme + + + @@ -9790,9 +22255,10 @@ level of education A position along a scale of increasingly advanced training marking the degree or grade of instruction either obtained by an individual, offered by a some entity or necessary for a particular job or task. niveau d'études - Bildungsstand - opleidingsniveau grado d'istruzione + opleidingsniveau + Bildungsstand + @@ -9812,36 +22278,41 @@ general education Informal learning or formal instruction with broad application to human existence beyond the domain of any particular subject or discipline, often equated with liberal arts in the university setting and contrasted to courses required for a specific major or program. enseignement général - Allgemeinbildung - algemeen onderwijs istruzione generale + algemeen onderwijs + Allgemeinbildung + schoolwork The material studied in or for an educational institution, comprising homework and work done in the classroom. travail scolaire - Schularbeiten - schoolwerk compito scolastico + schoolwerk + Schularbeiten + school life Any part or the sum of experiences had while attending an instructional institution, or the amount of time spent in such a program. vie scolaire - Schulisches Leben - schoolleven vita scolastica + schoolleven + Schulisches Leben + teaching material An article or device used to facilitate the learning process in an instructional setting. matériel d'enseignement - Unterrichtsmaterial - onderwijsmateriaal materiale didattico + onderwijsmateriaal + Unterrichtsmaterial + + @@ -9849,18 +22320,21 @@ documentary system A coordinated assemblage of people, devices or other resources providing written, printed or digitized items that furnish or substantiate information or evidence. système documentaire - Dokumentationssystem - documentatiesysteem sistema documentario + documentatiesysteem + Dokumentationssystem + means of communication The agents, instruments, methods or resources used to impart or interchange thoughts, opinions or information. moyen de communication - Kommunikationsmittel - communicatiemiddelen mezzi di comunicazione + communicatiemiddelen + Kommunikationsmittel + + @@ -9868,21 +22342,24 @@ - communications system + communication system A coordinated assemblage of people, devices or other resources designed to exchange information and data by means of mutually understood symbols. système de communication - Kommunikationssystem - communicatiesysteem sistema di comunicazioni + communicatiesysteem + Kommunikationssystem + + data processing system An assembly of computer hardware, firmware and software configured for the purpose of performing various operations on digital information elements with a minimum of human intervention. système informatique - Datenverarbeitungssystem - informatieverwerkend systeem sistema informatico + informatieverwerkend systeem + Datenverarbeitungssystem + @@ -9891,9 +22368,11 @@ social analysis analyse sociale - Gesellschaftliche Analyse - sociale analyse analisi sociale + sociale analyse + Gesellschaftliche Analyse + + @@ -9901,44 +22380,53 @@ behavioural science The study of the behaviour of organisms. sciences du comportement - Verhaltenswissenschaften - gedragswetenschappen scienze del comportamento + gedragswetenschappen + Verhaltenswissenschaften + + health care profession profession de la santé - Medizinischer Beruf - beroep in de gezondheidszorg professione sanitaria + beroep in de gezondheidszorg + Medizinischer Beruf + + testing of chemicals The determination of the efficacy and the toxicity of chemical products. essai de produits chimiques - Chemikalienprüfung - testen van scheikundige stoffen prova di prodotti chimici + testen van scheikundige stoffen + Chemikalienprüfung + artificial reproductive technique procréacion artificielle - Künstliche Fortpflanzung - kunstmatige voortplanting procreazione artificiale + kunstmatige voortplanting + Künstliche Fortpflanzung + animal health santé animale - Gesundheit der Tiere - gezondheid van dieren sanità animale + gezondheid van dieren + Gesundheit der Tiere + + + @@ -9948,150 +22436,176 @@ war victim A person that suffers from the destructive action undertaken as a result of an armed conflict between two or more parties, particularly death, injury, hardship, loss of property or dislocation. victime de guerre - Kriegsopfer - oorlogsslachtoffer vittima di guerra + oorlogsslachtoffer + Kriegsopfer + + internal migration A population shift occurring within national or territorial boundaries, often characterized by persons seeking labor opportunities in more advantageous areas. migration intérieure - Binnenwanderung - binnenlandse migratie migrazione interna + binnenlandse migratie + Binnenwanderung + geographical distribution of population The number of inhabitants in or spread across designated subdivisions of an area, region, city or country. répartition géographique de la population - geographische Verteilung der Bevölkerung - geografische verspreiding van de bevolking distribuzione geografica della popolazione + geografische verspreiding van de bevolking + geographische Verteilung der Bevölkerung + + composition of population The constituent groupings and proportions of the total inhabitants of a given nation, area, region or city, as seen from various perspectives. composition de la population - Bevölkerungsaufbau - samenstelling van de bevolking composizione della popolazione + samenstelling van de bevolking + Bevölkerungsaufbau + rights of the individual Just claims, legal guarantees or moral principles accorded to each and every member of a group or state, including the freedom to do certain things and the freedom from certain intrusions imposed by the collective body. droits de l'individu - Recht des Einzelnen - rechten van het individu diritti dell'individuo + rechten van het individu + Recht des Einzelnen + + chemical structure The arrangement of atoms in a molecule of a chemical compound. structure chimique - Chemische Struktur - chemische structuur struttura chimica + chemische structuur + Chemische Struktur + economic rights The just claims and legal guarantees to access, participate in and profit from the production, distribution and use of property, intellectual property, income and wealth. droits économiques - wirtschaftliche Rechte - economische rechten diritti economici + economische rechten + wirtschaftliche Rechte + + + trend of opinion The general movement, drift or direction of change in a viewpoint collectively and purportedly held by a significant number of people. tendance d'opinion - Politische Bewegung - opinietrend movimento di opinione + opinietrend + Politische Bewegung + political ideology A belief system that explains and justifies a preferred economic and governmental order for society, offers strategies for its maintenance or attainment and helps give meaning to public events, personalities and policies. idéologie politique - Politische Ideologie - politieke ideologie ideologia politica + politieke ideologie + Politische Ideologie + marital status The standing of an individual with regard to a legally recognized conjugal relationship, either in the present or past. situation de famille - Familienstand - gezinstoestand situazione familiare + gezinstoestand + Familienstand + socio-cultural group A collection of people who interact and share a sense of unity on account of a common ethnic, ancestral, generational or regional identity. groupe socio-culturel - Sozio-kulturelle Gruppe - socio-culturele groep gruppo socioculturale + socio-culturele groep + Sozio-kulturelle Gruppe + employment structure The organization and proportions of the various job types and skill levels in an enterprise or economy. structure de l'emploi - Beschäftigungsstruktur - werkgelegenheidsstructuur struttura occupazionale + werkgelegenheidsstructuur + Beschäftigungsstruktur + + occupational status statut professionnel - Beruflicher Status - beroepsstatus statuto professionale + beroepsstatus + Beruflicher Status + termination of employment The act or instrument by which the binding force of a contract is terminated, irrespective of whether the contract is carried out to the full extent contemplated or is broken off before complete execution. résiliation de contrat de travail - Beendigung des Arbeitsverhältnisses - beëindiging van een dienstverband risoluzione di contratto + beëindiging van een dienstverband + Beendigung des Arbeitsverhältnisses + working population engaged in agriculture The number of a particular region or nation's working population gainfully employed or otherwise occupied with the production of crops, livestock or poultry. population active agricole - Landwirtschaftliche Erwerbsbevölkerung - agrarische beroepsbevolking popolazione agricola attiva + agrarische beroepsbevolking + Landwirtschaftliche Erwerbsbevölkerung + + + leave on social grounds congé social - Urlaub aus sozialen Gründen - verlof om sociale redenen congedo per motivi sociali + verlof om sociale redenen + Urlaub aus sozialen Gründen + labour force main-d'oeuvre - Arbeitskräfte - beroepsbevolking forza lavoro + beroepsbevolking + Arbeitskräfte + + @@ -10100,9 +22614,14 @@ chemical treatment Processes that alter the chemical structure of the constituents of the waste to produce either an innocuous or a less hazardous material. Chemical processes are attractive because they produce minimal air emissions, they can often be carried out on the site of the waste generator, and some processes can be designed and constructed as mobile units. traitement chimique - Chemische Aufbereitung - chemische behandeling trattamento chimico + chemische behandeling + Chemische Aufbereitung + + + + + @@ -10113,18 +22632,23 @@ chemical treatment of waste traitement chimique des déchets - Chemische Abfallbehandlung - chemische behandeling van afval trattamento chimico di rifiuti + chemische behandeling van afval + Chemische Abfallbehandlung + + chemical waste Any by-product of a chemical process, including manufacturing processes. Often this by-product is considered a toxic or polluting substance. déchet chimique - Chemikalienabfall - chemisch afval rifiuto chimico + chemisch afval + Chemikalienabfall + + + @@ -10133,27 +22657,33 @@ chemical weapon Chemical agents of warfare include all gaseous, liquid or solid chemical substances which might be employed because of their direct toxic effects on man and animals. Chemical weapons also include the chemical's precursors, the munitions and devices designed to deliver them, and any equipment specifically designed for their use in warfare. Nerve agents (chemicals of the same family as organophosphorous insecticides) are the most lethal of the classical chemical warfare agents, killing by poisoning the nervous system and disrupting bodily functions. Other chemical weapons include blister agents, vesicants, choking agents, etc. arme chimique - Chemische Waffen - chemisch wapen arma chimica + chemisch wapen + Chemische Waffen + + + chemisorption The process of chemical adsorption. chimisorption - Chemisorption - chemische adsorptie chemiadsorbimento + chemische adsorptie + Chemisorption + chemistry The scientific study of the properties, composition, and structure of matter, the changes in structure and composition of matter, and accompanying energy changes. chimie - Chemie - chemie chimica + chemie + Chemie + + @@ -10169,18 +22699,21 @@ aerial photograph An image of the ground surface made on a light-sensitive material and taken at a high altitude from an aircraft, spacecraft or rocket. photographie aérienne - Luftbild - luchtfoto fotografia aerea (immagine) + luchtfoto + Luftbild + child A person below the age of puberty. enfant - Kind - kind bambino + kind + Kind + + @@ -10188,9 +22721,11 @@ chimney A vertical structure of brick, masonry, or steel that carries smoke or steam away from a fire, engine, etc. cheminée - Schornstein - schoorsteen camino + schoorsteen + Schornstein + + @@ -10198,9 +22733,10 @@ 1) A place where tents, cabins, or other temporary structures are erected for the use of military troops, for training soldiers, etc. 2) Tents, cabins, etc., used as temporary lodgings by a group of travellers, holiday-makers, Scouts, Gypsies, etc. campement - Lager - kamp accampamento + kamp + Lager + @@ -10208,45 +22744,56 @@ bank (land) The sloping side of any hollow in the ground, especially when bordering a river. berge - Ufer - bank argine + bank + Ufer + + + wood hauling The process of removing forest produce, particularly timber, fuelwood and bamboos, from its place of growth to some permanent or major delivery point, either for further transport or further manufacture, i.e. secondary conversion, or both. débardage - Holzabladen - lossen van hout esbosco + lossen van hout + Holzabladen + royalty Compensation for the use of a person's property, based on an agreed percentage of the income arising from its use. redevance - Lizenzgebühr - aandeel in de opbrengst canone + aandeel in de opbrengst + Lizenzgebühr + chart (act) A formal written record of transactions, proceedings, etc., as of a society, committee, or legislative body. charte - Charta - handvest carta (atto istituzionale) + handvest + Charta + + + animal excrement Waste matter discharged from the body of an animal. déjection animale - Tierfäkalien - dierlijke uitwerpselen deiezione animale + dierlijke uitwerpselen + Tierfäkalien + + + @@ -10254,18 +22801,23 @@ chimney height The appropriate height for chimneys serving industrial combustion plants in order to avoid unacceptable pollution. hauteur de cheminée - Schornsteinhöhe - schoorsteenhoogte altezza dei camini + schoorsteenhoogte + Schornsteinhöhe + + + + allowance allocation - Finanzielle Zuwendung - toelage indennità + toelage + Finanzielle Zuwendung + @@ -10274,98 +22826,119 @@ maintenance (technical) The upkeep of industrial facilities and equipment. maintenance - Instandhaltung - onderhoud (technisch) manutenzione (tecnica) + onderhoud (technisch) + Instandhaltung + paint room A portion of space within a commercial establishment that is used for applying coloring substances to certain products or materials, providing a decorative or protective coating. atelier de peinture - Malerwerkstatt - verfkamer officina di verniciatura + verfkamer + Malerwerkstatt + + salina A place where crystalline salt deposits are formed or found, such as a salt flat or pan, a salada, or a salt lick. marais salant - Saline - zoutmeer salina + zoutmeer + Saline + + hiking trail A trail in the country along which one can walk, usually for pleasure or exercise. sentier de randonnée - Wanderweg - wandelpad sentiero escursionistico + wandelpad + Wanderweg + + + overflow (outlet) Any device or structure that conducts excess water or sewage from a conduit or container. déversoir - Überlauf - overloop sfioratore + overloop + Überlauf + + + cutting (vegetative propagation) In plant propagation, young shoots or stems removed for the purpose of growing new plants by vegetatively rooting the cuttings. bouture - Steckling - stek [planten] talea + stek [planten] + Steckling + eco-balance An eco-balance refers to the consumption of energy and resources and the pollution caused by the production cycle of a given product. The product is followed throughout its entire life cycle, from the extraction of the raw materials, manufacturing and use, right through to recycling and final handling of waste. écobilan - Ökobilanz - ecologisch evenwicht bilancio ecologico (politica ambientale) + ecologisch evenwicht + Ökobilanz + + nitrogen oxide A colorless gas that, at room temperature, reacts with oxygen to form nitrogen dioxide; may be used to form other compounds. oxyde d'azote - Stickstoffoxid - stikstofoxide ossido d'azoto + stikstofoxide + Stickstoffoxid + + + oven An enclosed heated compartment usually lined with a refractory material used for drying substances, firing ceramics, heat-treating, etc. four de cuisine - Ofen - bakoven forno + bakoven + Ofen + + chiropteran Order of placental mammals comprising the bats having the front limbs modified as wings. chiroptère - Flattertiere - orde van de Chiroptera [vliegende zoogdieren] chirotteri + orde van de Chiroptera [vliegende zoogdieren] + Flattertiere + bovine bovins - Rind - runderachtigen bovini + runderachtigen + Rind + @@ -10373,9 +22946,10 @@ chloride A compound which is derived from hydrochloric acid and contains the chlorine atom in the -1 oxidation state. chlorure - Chlorid - chloride cloruro + chloride + Chlorid + @@ -10383,36 +22957,41 @@ chlorinated hydrocarbon A class of persistent, broad-spectrum insecticides that linger in the environment and accumulate in the food chain. Among them are DDT, aldrin, dieldrin, heptachlor, chlordane, lindane, endrin, mirex, hexachloride, and toxaphene. In insects and other animals these compounds act primarily on the central nervous system. They also become concentrated in the fats of organisms and thus tend to produce fatty infiltration of the heart and fatty degeneration of the liver in vertebrates. In fishes they have the effect of preventing oxygen uptake, causing suffocation. They are also known to slow the rate of photosynthesis in plants. Their danger to the ecosystem resides in their rate stability and the fact that they are broad-spectrum poisons which are very mobile because of their propensity to stick to dust particles and evaporate with water into the atmosphere. hydrocarbure chloré - Chlorkohlenwasserstoff - chloorkoolwaterstoffen idrocarburi clorurati + chloorkoolwaterstoffen + Chlorkohlenwasserstoff + approval approbation - Genehmigung - goedkeuring approvazione + goedkeuring + Genehmigung + chlorination The application of chlorine to water, sewage or industrial wastes for disinfection or other biological or chemical purposes. chloration - Chlorung - chlor(er)en clorurazione + chlor(er)en + Chlorung + + cleansing The act or process of washing, laundering or removing dirt and other unwanted substances from the surface of an object, thing or place. nettoyage - Reinigung - reiniging pulitura + reiniging + Reinigung + @@ -10422,9 +23001,10 @@ chlorine A very reactive and highly toxic green, gaseous element, belonging to the halogen family of substances. It is one of the most widespread elements, as it occurs naturally in sea-water, salt lakes and underground deposits, but usually occurs in a safe form as common salt (NaCl). Commercially it is used in large quantities by the chemical industry both as an element to produce chlorinated organic solvents, like polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), and for the manufacture of polyvinyl chloride plastics, thermoplastic and hypochlorite bleaches. Chlorine was the basis for the organochlorine pesticides, like DDT and other agricultural chemicals that have killed wildlife. The reactivity of chlorine has proved disastrous for the ozone layer and has been the cause of the creation of the ozone hole, which was first detected in the Southern Hemisphere over Antarctica and then over the Northern Hemisphere. chlore - Chlor - chloor cloro + chloor + Chlor + @@ -10432,18 +23012,21 @@ 1) Part of a city at or near the centre, especially a slum area where poor people live in bad housing. 2) City centres of many industrialized countries which exhibit environmental degradation. The numerous and highly competitive activities entailing land use overwhelm the limited space and create a situation of overcrowding, functional incompatibility and cultural degradation. Inner city areas have a high level of commercial specialization, a large number of offices and a sizeable daytime population. At the same time, city centres generally remain a sort of ghetto for a permanent, low-income population living in run-down housing and enjoying little in the way of public services and civic amenities. The concentration of service industries inevitably entails the replacement of traditional housing and shops by office blocks, the provision of basic utilities at the expense of civic amenities and the provision of major access roads which eat up urban space. Structures of historic origin are often unable to meet modern requirements and, notwithstanding their value, frequently face demolition. centre ville - Innenstadt - binnenstad area urbana degradata + binnenstad + Innenstadt + + chloroethylene A flammable, explosive gas with an ethereal aroma; soluble in alcohol and ether, slightly soluble in water; boils at -14° C; an important monomer for polyvinyl chloride and its copolymers; used in organic synthesis and in adhesives. chloroéthylène - Chlorethylen - chloorethenen cloroetilene + chloorethenen + Chlorethylen + @@ -10452,18 +23035,24 @@ sluice-gate A valve or gate fitted to a sluice to control the rate of flow of water. porte d'écluse - Schleusentor - sluisdeur lente di paratoia piana + sluisdeur + Schleusentor + + + chlorofluorocarbon Gases formed of chlorine, fluorine, and carbon whose molecules normally do not react with other substances; they are therefore used as spray can propellants because they do not alter the material being sprayed. chlorofluorocarbure - Fluorchlorkohlenwasserstoff - chloorfluorkoolstof clorofluorocarburi + chloorfluorkoolstof + Fluorchlorkohlenwasserstoff + + + @@ -10471,9 +23060,13 @@ noise effect effet du bruit - Lärmwirkung - geluidseffect effetto del rumore + geluidseffect + Lärmwirkung + + + + @@ -10482,9 +23075,11 @@ CFC and halons prohibition An interdiction on the manufacture or use of products that discharge chlorofluorocarbons and bromine-containing compounds into the atmosphere, thereby contributing to the depletion of the ozone layer. interdiction des C.F.C. et haloalcalines - FCKW-Halon-Verbot - verbod op CFKs en halons messa al bando dei clorofluorocarburi e degli halons + verbod op CFKs en halons + FCKW-Halon-Verbot + + @@ -10493,18 +23088,22 @@ partially halogenated chlorofluorohydrocarbon Hydrocarbons whose hydrogen atoms have been partially substituted with chlorine and fluorine. They are used in refrigeration, air conditioning, packaging, insulation, or as solvents and aerosol propellants. Because they are not destroyed in the lower atmosphere they drift into the upper atmosphere where their chlorine components destroy ozone. hydrocarbures chlorofluorés - H-FCKW - HCFK idrocarburi clorofluorurati parzialmente alogenati + HCFK + H-FCKW + + + chlorophenol Major group of chlorinated hydrocarbons, pesticides and biocides which account for a very high percentage of the non-agricultural pesticide use, such as anti-rotting agents in non-woollen textiles and wood preservatives. The chlorophenols act as biocides by inhibiting the respiration and energy-conversion processes of the microorganisms. They are toxic to man above 40 parts per million, to fish above 1 ppm, whilst concentrations as low as one part per thousand million can taint water. chlorophénol - Chlorphenol - chloorfenol clorofenoli + chloorfenol + Chlorphenol + @@ -10512,61 +23111,74 @@ chlorophyll A green pigment, present in algae and higher plants, that absorbs light energy and thus plays a vital role in photosynthesis. Except in Cyanophyta (blue-green algae), chlorophyll is confined to chloroplasts. There are several types of chlorophyll, but all contain magnesium and iron. Some plants (e.g., brown algae, red algae, copper beech trees) contain additional pigments that masks the green of their chlorophyll. chlorophylle - Chlorophyll - chlorofyl clorofilla + chlorofyl + Chlorophyll + + deciduous wood arbre à feuilles caduques - Laubholz - loofverliezend bos bosco di caducifoglie + loofverliezend bos + Laubholz + + mixed woodland forêt mixte - Mischwald - gemengd bos bosco misto + gemengd bos + Mischwald + + chlorosis A disease condition of green plants seen as yellowing of green parts of the plants. chlorose - Chlorose - bleekzucht clorosi + bleekzucht + Chlorose + + penal sanction Punishment for the commission of a specific crime, such as fines, restitution, probation and imprisonment. sanction pénale - Strafsanktion - straf sanzione penale + straf + Strafsanktion + coniferous tree conifère - Nadelbaum - naaldboom conifera + naaldboom + Nadelbaum + + chromatographic analysis The analysis of chemical substances that are poured into a vertical glass tube containing an adsorbent where the various components of the substance move through the adsorbent at different rates of speed according to their degree of attraction to it, thereby producing bands of color at different levels of the adsorption column. analyse chromatographique - Chromatographische Analyse - chromatografische analyse analisi cromatografica + chromatografische analyse + Chromatographische Analyse + + @@ -10574,9 +23186,11 @@ chromatography A method of separating and analyzing mixtures of chemical substances by selective adsorption in a column of powder or on a strip of paper. chromatographie - Chromatografie - chromatografie cromatografia + chromatografie + Chromatografie + + @@ -10585,9 +23199,10 @@ chromium A hard grey metallic element that takes a high polish, occurring principally in chromite: used in steel alloys and electroplating to increase hardness and corrosion-resistance. chrome - Chrom - chroom cromo + chroom + Chrom + @@ -10595,9 +23210,10 @@ chrysophyta The golden-brown and orange-yellow algae; a diverse group of microscopically small algae which inhabit fresh and salt water, many being planktonic. They contain carotenoid pigments and may be unicellular, colonial, filamentous or amoeboid. chrysophycées - Chrysophyten - goudwieren crisofite + goudwieren + Chrysophyten + @@ -10605,62 +23221,73 @@ emergency lodging Housing or dwelling space provided for victims of a sudden, urgent and usually unexpected occurrence, especially when harm has been done to human life, property or the environment. hébergement d'urgence - Notunterkunft - schuilplaats alloggio di emergenza + schuilplaats + Notunterkunft + + + sorting at source The classification and separation of solid waste, according to type, at the location where it is generated. tri sélectif à la source - Abfalltrennung durch den Verursacher - gescheiden ophaling aan de bron cernita alla fonte + gescheiden ophaling aan de bron + Abfalltrennung durch den Verursacher + church A building for religious activities. église - Kirche - kerk chiesa + kerk + Kirche + + + coastal management Measures by way of planning, prior approval of works, prohibition of some activities, physical structures, and restoration efforts to protect the coastline against the ravages of nature and haphazard and unplanned developments. gestion du littoral - Küstenzonenmanagement - kustbeheer gestione delle zone costiere + kustbeheer + Küstenzonenmanagement + ministry building Any structure or edifice occupied by a body of top government administrators or other high ranking public officials selected or appointed by a head of state to manage certain aspects of a state's affairs. immeuble ministériel - Ministeriumsgebäude - overheidsgebouw ministero (edificio) + overheidsgebouw + Ministeriumsgebäude + aerial photography photographie aérienne - Luftbildfotographie - luchtfotografie fotografia aerea (procedimento) + luchtfotografie + Luftbildfotographie + citizen awareness State of citizens of being aware of their civic obligations. conscience civique - Bürgerbewußtstein - het bewustzijn van de burger senso civico + het bewustzijn van de burger + Bürgerbewußtstein + @@ -10668,9 +23295,10 @@ swamp A permanently waterlogged area in which there is often associated tree growth, e.g. mangroves in hot climates. marais - Sumpf - moeras palude (clima caldo) + moeras + Sumpf + @@ -10678,9 +23306,12 @@ legislative process The entire course of action necessary to bring a law, resolution or special act to an authoritative, legally binding status. processus législatif - Gesetzgebung - wetgevend proces processo legislativo + wetgevend proces + Gesetzgebung + + + @@ -10688,9 +23319,11 @@ city Term used generically today to denote any urban form but applied particularly to large urban settlements. There are, however, no agreed definitions to separate a city from the large metropolis or the smaller town. ville - Großstadt - stad città (grandi dimensioni) + stad + Großstadt + + @@ -10700,9 +23333,11 @@ city centre The central part of a city. centre ville - Innenstadt - binnenstad centro città + binnenstad + Innenstadt + + @@ -10710,18 +23345,21 @@ returnable container Container whose return from the consumer or final user is assured by specific means (separate collection, deposits, etc.), independently on its final destination, in order to be reused, recovered or subjected to specific waste management operations. emballage consigné - Mehrwegpackung - terugneembare verpakking contenitore a rendere + terugneembare verpakking + Mehrwegpackung + waste gas dispersion The process of breaking up and producing a diffuse distribution of the unusable aeriform fluid or suspension of fine particles in air resulting from a manufacturing process or the burning of a substance in an enclosed area. dispersion des effluents gazeux - Abgasausbreitung - afvalgassenverspreiding dispersione degli inquinanti gassosi + afvalgassenverspreiding + Abgasausbreitung + + @@ -10729,81 +23367,99 @@ intermediate product Product that has undergone a partial processing and is used as raw material in a successive productive step. produit intermédiaire - Zwischenprodukt - tussenproduct prodotto intermedio (prodotti) + tussenproduct + Zwischenprodukt + + mutagenic substance Agents that induce a permanent change in the genetic material. substance mutagène - Mutagener Stoff - mutagene stof sostanza mutagena + mutagene stof + Mutagener Stoff + + + municipal dumping Place where a town's refuse is disposed of after it has been collected. décharge municipale - Städtische Müllkippe - gemeentelijk (vuil)stortplaats scarico urbano + gemeentelijk (vuil)stortplaats + Städtische Müllkippe + + aerobic condition Life common to the majority of animal and plants species requiring the presence of oxygen. aérobiose - Aerobe Bedingung - aërobe voorwaarden condizione aerobica + aërobe voorwaarden + Aerobe Bedingung + + + civil air traffic Air traffic pertaining to or serving the general public, as distinguished from military air traffic. navigation aérienne civile - Zivilluftverkehr - burgerluchtvaart traffico aereo civile + burgerluchtvaart + Zivilluftverkehr + teratogenic substance Substances capable of causing abnormal development of the embryo and congenital malformations. substance teratogène - Teratogener Stoff - teratogene stoffen sostanza teratogena + teratogene stoffen + Teratogener Stoff + + civil engineering The planning, design, construction, and maintenance of fixed structures and ground facilities for industry, transportation, use and control of water or occupancy. génie civil - Bautechnik - weg- en waterbouwkunde ingegneria civile + weg- en waterbouwkunde + Bautechnik + + civilian protection The organization and measures, usually under governmental or other authority depending on the country, aimed at preventing, abating or fighting major emergencies for the protection of the civilian population and property, particularly in wartime. protection civile - Zivilschutz - burgerbescherming protezione civile + burgerbescherming + Zivilschutz + + civil law Law inspired by old Roman Law, the primary feature of which was that laws were written into a collection; codified, and not determined, as is common law, by judges. The principle of civil law is to provide all citizens with an accessible and written collection of the laws which apply to them and which judges must follow. droit civil - Zivilrecht - burgerlijk recht diritto civile + burgerlijk recht + Zivilrecht + @@ -10813,36 +23469,40 @@ municipal heating network System of heating all houses in a urban district from a central source (as from hot springs in Iceland or by cooling water from a power station). réseau de chauffage urbain - Stadtwerke (Wärmeversorgung) - gemeentelijk verwarmingsnetwerk rete di riscaldamento urbano + gemeentelijk verwarmingsnetwerk + Stadtwerke (Wärmeversorgung) + claim for restitution A legal remedy in which a person or party may demand or assert the right to be restored to a former or original position prior to loss, damage or injury. demande de remboursement - Erstattungsanspruch - schadeloosstellingseis richiesta di rimborso + schadeloosstellingseis + Erstattungsanspruch + class action suits law Legal action initiated by a single person or a few people on behalf of a group with similar claim or claims. loi sur les recours collectifs - Verbandsklagerecht - wet inzake het instellen van (principeel) processen tegen of uit naam van e azione legale di categoria + wet inzake het instellen van (principeel) processen tegen of uit naam van e + Verbandsklagerecht + classification An arrangement or organization of persons, items or data elements into groups by reason of common attributes, characteristics, qualities or traits. classification - Klassifikation - classificatie classificazione + classificatie + Klassifikation + @@ -10851,42 +23511,51 @@ clay A loose, earthy, extremely fine-grained, natural sediment or soft rock composed primarily of clay-size or colloidal particles and characterized by high plasticity and by a considerable content of clay mineral and subordinate amounts of finely divided quartz, decomposed feldspar, carbonates, ferruginous matter, and other impurities; it forms a plastic, moldable mass when finely ground and mixed with water, retains its shape on drying, and becomes firm, rocklike and permanently hard on heating or firing. argile - Lehm - klei argilla + klei + Lehm + excise accise - Verbrauchsteuer - verbruiksbelasting imposta di fabbricazione + verbruiksbelasting + Verbrauchsteuer + dipteran diptères - Zweiflügler - tweevleugeligen [insecten] ditteri + tweevleugeligen [insecten] + Zweiflügler + coniferous wood bois de conifères - Nadelholz - naaldbos bosco di conifere + naaldbos + Nadelholz + + cleaning up The process of bringing desert, marsh, sea coast or other waste or unproductive land into use or cultivation. nettoyage - Sanierung - saneren bonifica + saneren + Sanierung + + + + @@ -10894,17 +23563,19 @@ cleansing department A division, usually within municipal government, responsible for providing services that remove dirt, litter or other unsightly materials from city or town property. service de nettoiement - Stadtreinigung - reinigingsdienst dipartimento di nettezza urbana + reinigingsdienst + Stadtreinigung + cleansing product produit de nettoyage - Reinigungsmittel - reinigingsproduct prodotto per la pulitura + reinigingsproduct + Reinigungsmittel + @@ -10913,35 +23584,45 @@ underground railway An electric passenger railway operated in underground tunnels. métro - Untergrundbahn - metro linea metropolitana + metro + Untergrundbahn + government contracting marché public - Öffentliche Auftragsvergabe - overheidscontract contratto di appalto + overheidscontract + Öffentliche Auftragsvergabe + aerobic process A process requiring the presence of oxygen. processus aérobie - Aerober Prozess - aëroob proces processo aerobico + aëroob proces + Aerober Prozess + + + clean technology Industrial process which causes little or no pollution. technologie propre - Saubere Technologie - schone technologie tecnologia pulita + schone technologie + Saubere Technologie + + + + + @@ -10949,9 +23630,10 @@ genetically modified organism An organism that has undergone external processes by which its basic set of genes has been altered. organisme génétiquement modifié - Gentechnisch Veränderte Organismen - genetisch gewijzigd organisme organismo modificato geneticamente + genetisch gewijzigd organisme + Gentechnisch Veränderte Organismen + @@ -10961,27 +23643,31 @@ pleasure cruising The activity of rowing, sailing or using a boat over a particular region of water, for amusement or enjoyment. croisière de plaisance - Kreuzfahrt - pleziervaart navigazione da diporto + pleziervaart + Kreuzfahrt + + surface active compound Any soluble substance composed of two or more unlike atoms held together by chemical bonds that reduces interfacial tension between liquids or a liquid and a solid, often used as detergents, wetting agents and emulsifiers. composé tensio-actif - Oberflächenaktive Verbindung - element dat inwerkt op de oppervlakte composto tensioattivo + element dat inwerkt op de oppervlakte + Oberflächenaktive Verbindung + climate The average weather condition in a region of the world. Many aspects of the Earth's geography affect the climate. Equatorial, or low, latitudes are hotter than the polar latitudes because of the angle at which the rays of sunlight arrive at the Earth's surface. The difference in temperature at the equator and at the poles has an influence on the global circulation of huge masses of air. Cool air at the poles sinks and spreads along the surface of the Earth towards the equator. Cool air forces its way under the lower density warmer air in the lower regions, pushing the lighter air up and toward the poles, where it will cool and descend. climat - Klima - klimaat clima + klimaat + Klima + @@ -11000,18 +23686,23 @@ pH-value valeur pH - pH-Wert - zuurtegraad valore del pH + zuurtegraad + pH-Wert + climatic effect Climate has a central influence on many human needs and activities, such as agriculture, housing, human health, water resources, and energy use. The influence of climate on vegetation and soil type is so strong that the earliest climate classification schemes where often based more on these factors than on the meteorological variables. While technology can be used to mitigate the effects of unfavorable climatic conditions, climate fluctuations that result in significant departures from normal cause serious problems for modern industrialized societies as much as for primitive ones. The goals of climatology are to provide a comprehensive description of the Earth's climate, to understand its features in terms of fundamental physical principles, and to develop models of the Earth's climate that will allow the prediction of future changes that may result from natural and human causes. effet climatique - Klimawirkung - de invloed van veranderingen in het klimaat effetto climatico + de invloed van veranderingen in het klimaat + Klimawirkung + + + + @@ -11022,27 +23713,32 @@ craft industry industrie manufacturière - Handwerksbetrieb - bedrijfstak industria dell'artigianato + bedrijfstak + Handwerksbetrieb + animal remain Any substances or components left over from animal life, including body parts and, later, decomposed materials. restes d'animaux - Tierkadaver - dierlijke resten resti di animali + dierlijke resten + Tierkadaver + + climate protection Precautionary actions, procedures or installations undertaken to prevent or reduce harm from pollution to natural weather conditions or patterns, including the prevailing temperature, atmospheric composition and precipitation. protection du climat - Klimaschutz - klimaatbescherming protezione del clima + klimaatbescherming + Klimaschutz + + @@ -11050,34 +23746,39 @@ chart (nautical) A map for navigation that delineates a portion of the sea, indicating the outline of the coasts and the position of rocks, sandbanks and other parts of a sea. charte nautique - Seekarte - zeekaart carta nautica + zeekaart + Seekarte + climate resource ressource climatique - Klimaressourcen - van het klimaat afhankelijke natuurlijke hulpbronnen risorse climatiche + van het klimaat afhankelijke natuurlijke hulpbronnen + Klimaressourcen + + nature conservation policy politique de protection de la nature - Naturschutzpolitik - beleid inzake natuurbehoud politica di conservazione della natura + beleid inzake natuurbehoud + Naturschutzpolitik + climate type Weather conditions typical of areas roughly corresponding to lines of latitude. type de climat - Klimatyp - klimaattype tipo di clima + klimaattype + Klimatyp + @@ -11092,9 +23793,11 @@ climatic alteration The slow variation of climatic characteristics over time at a given place. This may be indicated by the geological record in the long term, by changes in the landforms in the intermediate term, and by vegetation changes in the short term. altération climatique - Klimaentwicklung - klimaatschommeling alterazione del clima + klimaatschommeling + Klimaentwicklung + + @@ -11102,9 +23805,11 @@ climatic change The long-term fluctuations in temperature, precipitation, wind, and all other aspects of the Earth's climate. External processes, such as solar-irradiance variations, variations of the Earth's orbital parameters (eccentricity, precession, and inclination), lithosphere motions, and volcanic activity, are factors in climatic variation. Internal variations of the climate system, e.g., changes in the abundance of greenhouse gases, also may produce fluctuations of sufficient magnitude and variability to explain observed climate change through the feedback processes interrelating the components of the climate system. changement climatique - Klimaänderung - klimaatverandering cambiamento del clima + klimaatverandering + Klimaänderung + + @@ -11120,9 +23825,10 @@ environmental sanitation hygiène environnementale - Umweltsanierung - gezondmaking van het milieu risanamento ambientale + gezondmaking van het milieu + Umweltsanierung + @@ -11130,9 +23836,11 @@ climatic experiment Experiments conducted to estimate future climatic conditions employing modelling of the physical processes underlying climatic change and variability; also, assessments are required of uncertain future man-made inputs such as increasing atmospheric carbon dioxide and other green-house gases. test climatique - Klimaexperiment - klimaatexperiment esperimento sul clima + klimaatexperiment + Klimaexperiment + + @@ -11140,9 +23848,10 @@ climatic factor Physical conditions that determine the climate in a given area, e.g. latitude, altitude, ocean streams, etc. facteur climatique - Klimafaktor - klimaatfactor fattore climatico + klimaatfactor + Klimafaktor + @@ -11152,9 +23861,12 @@ climatic zone A belt of the earth's surface within which the climate is generally homogeneous in some respect; an elemental region of a simple climatic classification. zone climatique - Klimazone - klimaatzone zona climatica + klimaatzone + Klimazone + + + @@ -11164,9 +23876,11 @@ climatology That branch of meteorology concerned with the mean physical state of the atmosphere together with its statistical variations in both space and time as reflected in the weather behaviour over a period of many years. climatologie - Klimatologie - klimatologie climatologia + klimatologie + Klimatologie + + @@ -11176,9 +23890,11 @@ aerobiology The study of the atmospheric dispersal of airborne fungus spores, pollen grains, and microorganisms; and, more broadly, of airborne propagules of algae and protozoans, minute insects such as aphids, and pollution gases and particles which exert specific biologic effects. aérobiologie - Aerobiologie - aërobiologie aerobiologia + aërobiologie + Aerobiologie + + @@ -11186,45 +23902,52 @@ climax A botanical term referring to the terminal community said to be achieved when a sere (a sequential development of a plant community or group of plant communities on the same site over a period of time) achieves dynamic equilibrium with its environment and in particular with its prevailing climate. Each of the world's major vegetation climaxes is equivalent to a biome. Many botanists believe that climate is the master factor in a plant environment and that even if several types of plant succession occur in an area they will all tend to converge towards a climax form of vegetation. climax - Klimax - climax climax + climax + Klimax + + climbing plant (wall) A plant that lacks rigidity and grows upwards by twining, scrambling, or clinging with tendrils and suckers. plante grimpante (mur) - Mauervegetation - klimplant [muur] pianta rampicante + klimplant [muur] + Mauervegetation + clinical symptom Any objective evidence of disease or of a patient's condition founded on clinical observation. symptôme clinique - Krankheitsbild - ziektesymptoom sintomi clinici + ziektesymptoom + Krankheitsbild + green fiscal instrument instruments de fiscalité "verte" - Umweltabgaben - milieuheffingen strumento fiscale verde + milieuheffingen + Umweltabgaben + mining The act, process or industry of extracting coal, ores, etc. from the earth. activité minière - Bergbau - mijnbouw attività mineraria + mijnbouw + Bergbau + + @@ -11243,25 +23966,28 @@ cloning The production of genetically identical individuals from a single parent. Cloning plants usually involves plant cell culture. Cloning animals is more difficult and relays on some manipulation of their normal reproductive cycle. A clone is a group of organisms of identical genetic constitution, unless mutation occurs, produced from a single individual by asexual reproduction, parthenogenesis or apomixis. clonage - Klonen - het klonen clonazione + het klonen + Klonen + Black Sea Mer noire - Schwarzes Meer - Zwarte Zee Mar Nero + Zwarte Zee + Schwarzes Meer + Caspian Sea mer caspienne - Kaspisches Meer - Kaspische Zee Mar Caspio + Kaspische Zee + Kaspisches Meer + @@ -11269,35 +23995,41 @@ Mediterranean Sea The largest inland sea between Europe, Africa and Asia, linked to the Atlantic Ocean at its western end by the Strait of Gibraltar, including the Tyrrhenian, Adriatic, Aegean and Ionian seas, and major islands such as Sicily, Sardina, Corsica, Crete, Malta and Cyprus. Mer méditerranée - Mittelmeer - Middellandse Zee Mar Mediterraneo + Middellandse Zee + Mittelmeer + indigenous knowledge Local knowledge that is unique to a given culture or society, which is the basis for local-level decision making in agriculture, health care, education and other matters of concern in rural communities. connaissances indigènes - Einheimisches Wissen - inheemse kennis conoscenza indigena + inheemse kennis + Einheimisches Wissen + + professional society A group of persons engaged in the same profession, business, trade or craft that is organized or formally structured to attain common ends. syndicat professionnel - Berufsgenossenschaft - beroepsleven società professionale + beroepsleven + Berufsgenossenschaft + + subject sujet - Thema - onderwerp soggetto + onderwerp + Thema + @@ -11305,9 +24037,10 @@ persistant organic pollutant Organic pollutants that do not break down chemically and remain in the environment. Pollutants with higher persistence may produce more harmful environmental effects. polluant organique persistant - Persistenter organischer Schadstoff - niet goed afbreekbare organisch verontreinigende stoffen inquinante organico persistente + niet goed afbreekbare organisch verontreinigende stoffen + Persistenter organischer Schadstoff + @@ -11315,54 +24048,64 @@ sediment mobilisation The transport or setting in motion by wind or water of insoluble particulate matter. mobilisation de sédiments - Sedimentmobilisierung - sedimentbeweging mobilizzazione dei sedimenti + sedimentbeweging + Sedimentmobilisierung + + habitat destruction Destruction of wildlife habitats by increasing pressure for land by fast-growing human populations, pollution and over-exploitation. Whole species or populations of plants and animals have disappeared causing a loss of genetic resource that is not only regrettable from an aesthetic or philosophical point of view but also threatens man's food supply. Habitat loss takes several forms: outright loss of areas used by wild species; degradation, for example, from vegetation removal and erosion, which deprive native species of food, shelter, and breeding areas; and fragmentation, when native species are squeezed onto small patches of undisturbed land surrounded by areas cleared for agriculture and other purposes. destruction de l'habitat - Zerstörung des Lebensraums - vernietiging van het natuurlijk woongebied distruzione di habitat + vernietiging van het natuurlijk woongebied + Zerstörung des Lebensraums + + + land-based activity activité terrestre - Terrestrische Aktivität - vanaf het land gestuurde activiteit attività a terra + vanaf het land gestuurde activiteit + Terrestrische Aktivität + physical alteration Any change in a body or substance that does not involve an alteration in its chemical composition. altération physique - Physikalische Veränderung - lichamelijke verandering alterazione fisica + lichamelijke verandering + Physikalische Veränderung + + sectoral assessment appréciation sectorielle - Sektorale Bewertung - beoordeling per sector valutazione settoriale + beoordeling per sector + Sektorale Bewertung + information infrastructure The basic, underlying framework and features of a communications system supporting the exchange of knowledge, including hardware, software and transmission media. infrastructure de l'information - Informationsinfrastruktur - informatieinfrastructuur infrastruttura per l'informazione + informatieinfrastructuur + Informationsinfrastruktur + @@ -11370,9 +24113,11 @@ geo-referenced information Data delimiting a given object, either physical or conceptual, in terms of its spatial relationship to the land, usually consisting of points, lines, areas or volumes defined in terms of some coordinate system. informations géoréférencées - Geographisch kodierte Information - informatie met geografische componenten informazione geo-referenziata + informatie met geografische componenten + Geographisch kodierte Information + + @@ -11380,18 +24125,20 @@ data centre An organization established primarily to acquire, analyze, process, store, retrieve, and disseminate one or more types of data. centre de données - Datenzentrum - gegevenscentrum centro dati + gegevenscentrum + Datenzentrum + internet service provider A business or organization that supplies connections to a part of the Internet, often through telephone lines. fournisseur de services internet - Internet-Provider - Internetprovider provider di servizi internet + Internetprovider + Internet-Provider + @@ -11399,9 +24146,10 @@ closing down The cessation, discontinuation or breaking-off of a business transaction, lease, contract or employment arrangement, usually before its anticipated or stipulated end. fermeture - Stillegung - sluiting chiusura + sluiting + Stillegung + @@ -11409,27 +24157,30 @@ electronic information network A system of interrelated computer and telecommunications devices linked to permit the exchange of data in digital or analog signals. réseau électronique d'information - Elektronisches Informationsnetz - elektronische informatienetwerk rete elettronica di informazioni + elektronische informatienetwerk + Elektronisches Informationsnetz + wide area network A system of interrelated computer and telecommunications devices linking two or more computers separated by a great distance for the exchange of electronic data. réseau grande distance - Fernnetz - uitgebreid netwerk rete su area geografica + uitgebreid netwerk + Fernnetz + Internet A global consortium of local computer networks that uses the TCP/IP (Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol) protocol to connect machines to each other, providing access to the World Wide Web, Gopher, electronic mail, remote login and file transfer. internet - Internet - Internet internet + Internet + Internet + @@ -11444,198 +24195,221 @@ World Wide Web A graphical, interactive, hypertext information system that is cross-platform and can be run locally or over the global Internet. The Web consists of Web servers offering pages of information to Web browsers who view and interact with the pages. Pages can contain formatted text, background colors, graphics, as well as audio and video clips. Simple links in a Web page can cause the browser to jump to a different part of the same page or to a page on a Web server halfway around the world. Web pages can be used to send mail, read news, and download files. A Web address is called a URL. Web - World Wide Web - wereldwijde web World Wide Web + wereldwijde web + World Wide Web + homepage The preset document that is displayed after starting a World Wide Web browser, or the main World Wide Web document in a series of related documents. page d'accueil - Homepage - homepage homepage + homepage + Homepage + hypertext The organization of information units typically containing visible links that users can select or click with a mouse pointer or some other computer device to automatically retrieve or display other documents. hypertexte - Hypertext - hypertext ipertesto + hypertext + Hypertext + bulletin board system An assemblage of computer hardware and software that can be linked by computer modem dialing for the purpose of sharing or exchanging messages or other files. tableau électronique d'affichage et d'information - Schwarzes Brett (Internet) - prikbordsysteem bacheca elettronica + prikbordsysteem + Schwarzes Brett (Internet) + newsgroup A discussion group on a specific topic maintained on a computer network, frequently on the Internet. forum - Nachrichtengruppe - nieuwsgroep newsgroup + nieuwsgroep + Nachrichtengruppe + electronic mail Information or computer stored messages that are transmitted or exchanged from one computer terminal to another, through telecommunication. courrier électronique - Elektronische Post - elektronische post posta elettronica + elektronische post + Elektronische Post + multimedia technology Any technical means used to combine text, sound, still or animated images and video in computers and electronic products, often allowing audience interactivity. technologie multimédia - Multimediatechnologie - multimedia technologie tecnologia multimediale + multimedia technologie + Multimediatechnologie + closing down of firm The termination or shutdown, temporary or permanent, of a corporation, factory or some other business organization. fermeture d'une entreprise - Betriebsschliessung - een onderneming sluiten chiusura di un'azienda + een onderneming sluiten + Betriebsschliessung + audio-visual presentation An exhibition, performance, demonstration or lecture utilizing communication media directed at both the sense of sight and the sense of hearing. présentation audio-visuelle - Audiovisuelle Darstellung - audiovisuele voordracht presentazione con audiovisivi + audiovisuele voordracht + Audiovisuelle Darstellung + information kit A set or collection of materials compiled to convey knowledge on some subject and usually placed in some type of container. cahier de documentation - Informationsausstattung - informatieset kit per l'informazione + informatieset + Informationsausstattung + exhibit A display of an object or collection of objects for general dissemination of information, aesthetic value or entertainment. pièce d'exposition - Ausstellungsstück - tentoonstellen esibizione + tentoonstellen + Ausstellungsstück + newsletter A printed periodical bulletin circulated to members of a group. lettre d'informations - Mitteilungsblatt - nieuwsbrief newsletter + nieuwsbrief + Mitteilungsblatt + radio programme A performance or production transmitted in sound signals with electromagnetic waves. programme radio - Radiosendung - radioprogramma programma radio + radioprogramma + Radiosendung + television programme A performance or production transmitted in audiovisual signals with electromagnetic waves. programme télévisé - Fernsehsendung - televisieprogramma programma televisivo + televisieprogramma + Fernsehsendung + public relations The methods and activities employed by an individual, organization, corporation, or government to promote a favourable relationship with the public. relation publique - Öffentlichkeitsarbeit - public relations relazioni pubbliche + public relations + Öffentlichkeitsarbeit + bibliographic information system A coordinated assemblage of people, devices or other resources organized for the exchange of data pertaining to the history, physical description, comparison, and classification of books and other works. système de renseignements bibliographiques - Bibliographisches Informationssystem - bibliografische informatiesysteem sistema di informazioni bibliografiche + bibliografische informatiesysteem + Bibliographisches Informationssystem + bibliographic information Data pertaining to the history, physical description, comparison, and classification of books and other works. information bibliographique - Bibliographische Information - bibliografische informatie informazione bibliografica + bibliografische informatie + Bibliographische Information + referral information system A coordinated assemblage of people, devices or other resources organized to provide directions leading people to sources known to provide knowledge or assistance on a specified topic or request. système d'informations de référence - Verweisinformationssystem - verwijzingsinformatiesysteem sistema di informazioni di riferimento + verwijzingsinformatiesysteem + Verweisinformationssystem + referral information Directions leading someone to another source that is known to provide knowledge or assistance on the specified topic or request. information d'orientation - Verweisinformation - verwijzingsinformatie informazione di riferimento + verwijzingsinformatie + Verweisinformation + statistical information system A coordinated assemblage of people, devices or other resources enabling the exchange of numerical data that has been collected, classified or interpreted for analysis. système d'informations statistiques - Statistisches Informationssystem - statistische informatiesysteem sistema di informazione statistica + statistische informatiesysteem + Statistisches Informationssystem + statistical information Knowledge pertaining to the collection, classification, analysis and interpretation of numerical data. informations statistiques - Statistische Information - statistische informatie informazione statistica + statistische informatie + Statistische Information + library service The duties of an establishment, or a public institution, charged with the care and organizing of a collection of printed and other materials, and the duty of interpreting such materials to meet the informational, cultural, educational, recreational or research needs of its clients. service de bibliothèque - Bibliotheksdienst - bibliotheekdienst servizi di biblioteca + bibliotheekdienst + Bibliotheksdienst + + @@ -11648,18 +24422,20 @@ reference service The provision of aid by library staff trained to interpret library materials and library organizational structures to meet the informational, educational, cultural, recreational or research needs of the library's clients. service de référence - Informationsvermittlungsdienst - referentiedienst servizio di consultazione + referentiedienst + Informationsvermittlungsdienst + indexing of documentation A service which creates a special contents list, containing titles, authors, abstracts, subject headings and other information, to describe a large number of publications and to be used in searchable, machine-readable (or printed) look-up tables. indexation de la documentation - Dokumentenindexierung - het indexeren van informatie indicizzazione di documenti + het indexeren van informatie + Dokumentenindexierung + @@ -11667,54 +24443,60 @@ document lending The service provided by a library in which the library's clients are temporarily allowed to use books and other printed materials outside the library. prêt de document - Dokumentenausleihe - het uitlenen van documenten prestito di documenti + het uitlenen van documenten + Dokumentenausleihe + inter-library loan The service provided by one library in which a second library's clients are temporarily allowed to use books and other printed materials belonging to the first library; and consequently the system providing rules and infrastructure for this service to a group of libraries. prêt inter-bibliothèques - Fernleihe - interbibliothecair leenverkeer prestito tra biblioteche + interbibliothecair leenverkeer + Fernleihe + selective dissemination of information A service provided by a library or other agency that periodically notifies users of new publications, report literature or other data sources in subjects in which the user has specified an interest. diffusion sélective de l'information - Selektive Informationsverbreitung - selectieve verspreiding van informatie disseminazione selettiva delle informazioni + selectieve verspreiding van informatie + Selektive Informationsverbreitung + clothing Clothes considered as a group. habillement - Bekleidung - kleding vestiario + kleding + Bekleidung + CD-ROM search service The provision of special aid by library staff trained to query bibliographic or other information contained on an electronic storage medium, usually to meet the research needs of the library's clients. service de recherche sur CD-ROM - CD-ROM Suchdienst - Cd-rom zoekdienst servizio di ricerca su CD-ROM + Cd-rom zoekdienst + CD-ROM Suchdienst + internet search service The provision of special aid by library staff trained to query bibliographic or other information contained on the Internet, a large distributed electronic system, usually to meet the research needs of the library's clients. service de recherche sur Internet - Internet-Suchdienst - Internetzoekoptie servizio di ricerca su internet + Internetzoekoptie + Internet-Suchdienst + @@ -11722,26 +24504,29 @@ information clearing-house A central institution or agency for the collection, maintenance, and distribution of materials or data compiled to convey knowledge on some subject. bourse d'informations - Informationsvermittlungsstelle - informatiedistributiecentrum centro di informazione + informatiedistributiecentrum + Informationsvermittlungsstelle + decision-support system A coordinated assemblage of people, devices or other resources that analyzes, typically, business data and presents it so that users can make business decisions more easily. système d'aide à la décision - Entscheidungshilfesystem - beslissingsondersteunend systeem sistema di supporto alla decisione + beslissingsondersteunend systeem + Entscheidungshilfesystem + software development développement logiciel - Softwareentwicklung - softwareontwikkeling sviluppo di software + softwareontwikkeling + Softwareentwicklung + @@ -11749,9 +24534,10 @@ information exchange A reciprocal transference of data between two or more parties for the purpose of enhancing knowledge of the participants. échange d'informations - Informationsaustausch - informatie-uitwisseling scambio di informazioni + informatie-uitwisseling + Informationsaustausch + @@ -11762,80 +24548,91 @@ relational database A collection of digital information items organized as a set of formally described tables from which the information can be accessed or reassembled in different ways without reorganizing the tables. base de données relationnelle - Relationale Datenbank - relationele database base di dati relazionale + relationele database + Relationale Datenbank + multispectral scanner A remote sensing term referring to a scanning radiometer that simultaneously acquires images in various wavebands at the same time. A multispectral scanner can be carried aboard an aircraft or satellite. The Landsat multispectral scanner records images in four wavebands of visible and near infrared electromagnetic radiation to enable objects with different reflectance properties to be distinguished. scanner à spectres multiples - Multispektralscanner - multispectrale scanner scanner multispettrale + multispectrale scanner + Multispektralscanner + resolution (parameter) A remote sensing term which has three separate applications: a) spatial resolution, which refers to the ability of a sensor to distinguish between objects that are spatially close to each other. It is a measure of the smallest angular or linear separation between two objects. b) Spectral resolution which refers to the ability of a sensor to distinguish between objects which are spectrally similar. It is a measure of both the discreteness of wavebands and the sensitivity of the sensor to distinguish between electromagnetic radiation intensity levels. c) Thermal resolution which refers to the ability of a sensor to distinguish between objects with a similar temperature. résolution (paramètres) - Auflösung - resolutie risoluzione (parametro) + resolutie + Auflösung + clothing industry industrie de l'habillement - Bekleidungsindustrie - kledingindustrie industria dell'abbigliamento + kledingindustrie + Bekleidungsindustrie + + pixel A contraction of the words 'picture element'. The smallest unit of information in an image or raster map. Referred to as a resolution cell in an image or grid. pixel - Pixel - beeldpunt pixel + beeldpunt + Pixel + spectral band Closely grouped bands of lines characteristic of molecular gases of chemical compounds (spectroscopy). bande spectrale - Spektralband - spectraalband bande dello spettro + spectraalband + Spektralband + scene identification A numeric string which uniquely identifies an image component of a geographical information system database. identification du lieu (SIG) - Ortsbestimmung - landschapsherkenning identificazione della scena + landschapsherkenning + Ortsbestimmung + image processing digital system A coordinated assemblage of computer devices designed to capture and manipulate pictures stored as data in discrete, quantized units or digits. système numérique de traitement d'images - Digitales Bildverarbeitungssystem - digitaal beeldverwerkingssysteem sistema digitale di elaborazione immagini + digitaal beeldverwerkingssysteem + Digitales Bildverarbeitungssystem + digital image processing technique Techniques employed in the calibration of image data, the correction or reduction of errors occurring during capture or transmission of the data and in various types of image enhancement-operations which increase the ability of the analyst to recognize features of interest. technique de traitement numérique des images - Digitale Bildverarbeitung - digitale beeldverwerkingstechniek tecniche digitali di elaborazione delle immagini + digitale beeldverwerkingstechniek + Digitale Bildverarbeitung + + @@ -11846,72 +24643,81 @@ pattern recognition A remote sensing term referring to an automated process through which unidentified patterns can be classified into a limited number of discrete classes through comparison with other class-defining patterns or characteristics. Pattern recognition is an essential part of the classification of remotely sensed images and is used as an aid to image interpretation. reconnaissance de formes - Mustererkennung - patroonherkenning riconoscimento del modello + patroonherkenning + Mustererkennung + + mosaic A composite photograph consisting of separate aerial photographs of overlapping surface areas, producing an overall image of a surface area too large to be depicted in a single aerial photograph. mosaïque - Mosaik - mozaïek mosaico (immagine) + mozaïek + Mosaik + image filtering A remote sensing term related to image enhancement that refers to the removal of a spatial component of electromagnetic radiation. filtrage d'image - Bildgebendes Filtern - filteren van een beeld filtrazione dell'immagine + filteren van een beeld + Bildgebendes Filtern + image enhancement In remote sensing, the filtering of data and other processes to manipulate pixels to produce an image that accentuates features of interest or visual interpretation. amélioration de l'image - Bildverbesserung - beeldversterking rinforzo dell'immagine + beeldversterking + Bildverbesserung + geometric correction A remote sensing term referring to the adjustment of an image for geometric errors. correction géométrique - Geometrische Korrektur - geometrische correctie correzione geometrica + geometrische correctie + Geometrische Korrektur + cloud Suspensions of minute water droplets or ice crystals produced by the condensation of water vapour. nuage - Wolke - wolk nube + wolk + Wolke + image registration The process of linking map coordinates to control points with known earth-surface coordinates. Related term: coordinate systems. enregistrement d'images - Bildüberlagerung - beeldopslag registrazione delle immagini + beeldopslag + Bildüberlagerung + image classification Processing techniques which apply quantitative methods to the values in a digital yield or remotely sensed scene to group pixels with similar digital number values into feature classes or categories. classification d'image - Bildklassifikation - beeldclassificatie classificazione delle immagini + beeldclassificatie + Bildklassifikation + @@ -11920,117 +24726,133 @@ supervised image classification A graphical representation processing technique by which an analyst selects groups of pixels, determines their spectral response signature and trains a computer system to recognize pixels based on this spectral response pattern. classification contrôlée d'images - Kontrollierte Bildklassifikation - beeldclassificatie onder toezicht classificazione guidata delle immagini + beeldclassificatie onder toezicht + Kontrollierte Bildklassifikation + unsupervised image classification Unsupervised classification is a kind of classification which takes place with minimum input from the operator; no training sample is available and subdivision of the feature space is achieved by identifying natural groupings of the measurement vectors. classification d'images non-contrôlée - Nichtkontrollierte Bildklassifikation - beeldclassificatie zonder toezicht classificazione non guidata delle immagini + beeldclassificatie zonder toezicht + Nichtkontrollierte Bildklassifikation + colour composition A remote-sensing term referring to the process of assigning different colours to different spectral bands. The colour picture formed by this process is called a "colour composite" (a colour image produced through optical combination of multiband images by projection through filters) and is produced by assigning a colour to an image of the Earth's surface recorded in a particular waveband. For a Landsat colour composite, the green waveband is coloured blue, the red waveband is coloured green and the infrared waveband is coloured red. This produces an image closely approximating a false colour photograph. Colour composite images are easier to interpret than separate images recording different wavebands. US national experimental crop inventories are based upon visual interpretation of Landsat colour composites. composition de couleurs - Farbzusammensetzung - kleursamenstelling composizione dei colori + kleursamenstelling + Farbzusammensetzung + atmospheric correction The removal from the remotely sensed data of the atmospheric effects caused by the scattering and absorption of sunlight by particles; the removal of these effects improves not only the quality of the observed earth surface imaging but also the accuracy of classification of the ground objects. correction atmosphérique - Atmosphärische Korrektur - atmosferische correctie correzione atmosferica + atmosferische correctie + Atmosphärische Korrektur + GIS digital system An organized collection of computer hardware, software, geographic data, and personnel designed to efficiently capture, store, update, manipulate, analyze, and display all forms of geographically referenced information that can be drawn from different sources, both statistical and mapped. système numérique SIG - GIS Digitalsystem - GIS digitaal systeem sistema digitale GIS + GIS digitaal systeem + GIS Digitalsystem + + GIS digital format The digital form of data collected by remote sensing. format électronique de données géo-référencées - GIS Digitalformat - GIS digitaal formaat formato digitale GIS + GIS digitaal formaat + GIS Digitalformat + vector One of the two major types of internal data organization used in GIS. Vector systems are based primarily on coordinate geometry and take advantage of the convenient division of spatial data into point, line, and polygon types. Vector structures are especially suited to storing definitions of spatial objects for which sharp boundaries exist or can be imposed. vecteur - Vektor - vector vettore + vector + Vektor + point A position on a reference system determined by a survey. point - Punkt - punt punto + punt + Punkt + + line Term used in GIS technologies in the vector type of internal data organization: spatial data are divided into point, line and polygon types. In most cases, point entities (nodes) are specified directly as coordinate pairs, with lines (arcs or edges) represented as chains of points. Regions are similarly defined in terms of the lines which form their boundaries. Some vector GIS store information in the form of points, line segments and point pairs; others maintain closed lists of points defining polygon regions. Vector structures are especially suited to storing definitions of spatial objects for which sharp boundaries exist or can be imposed. ligne - Linie - lijn linea + lijn + Linie + + polygon In the vector type of GIS internal data organization spatial data are conveniently divided into point, line and polygon types. Some vector GIS store information in the form of points, line segments and point pairs; others maintain close lists of points defining polygon regions. polygone - Polygon - veelhoek poligono + veelhoek + Polygon + raster One of the two major types of internal data organization used in GIS. Raster systems superimpose a regular grid over the area of interest and associate each cell-or pixel, to use the image term- with one or more data records. The values associated with each grid cell may represent either real values or any scalar or nominal data values associated with the cell coordinates. Among the strengths of the raster method is its ability to accept data directly from remote sensing systems and to represent transitional information. Raster systems tend to be relatively storage-intensive and this imposes practical limits on the area of coverage, the resolution, or both of these. Capacity constraints are, however, becoming less significant as computer memory and storage become more powerful and as data compression techniques become more readily available. trame - Raster - raster raster + raster + Raster + attribute A distinctive feature of an object. In mapping and GIS applications, the objects are points, lines, or polygons that represent features such as sampling locations, section corners (points); roads and streams (lines); lakes, forest and soil types (polygons). These attributes can be further divided into classes such as tree species Douglas-fir and ponderosa pine) for forest types and paved and gravel for road types. Multiple attributes are generally associated with objects that are located on a single map layer. attribut - Eigenschaft - eigenschap attributo + eigenschap + Eigenschaft + GIS digital technique The transformation to digital form of data collected by remote sensing, traditional field and documentary methods and of existing historical data such as paper maps, charts, and publications. technique digitale SIG - GIS Digitalverfahren - GIS digitale techniek tecnica digitale GIS + GIS digitale techniek + GIS Digitalverfahren + @@ -12047,45 +24869,50 @@ interpolation A process used to estimate an intermediate value of one (dependent) variable which is a function of a second (independent) variable when values of the dependent variable corresponding to several discrete values of the independent variable are known. interpolation - Interpolation - interpolatie interpolazione + interpolatie + Interpolation + gridding A system of uniformly spaced perpendicular lines and horizontal lines running north and south, and east and west on a map, chart, or aerial photograph; used in locating points. maillage - Gitternetz - raster grigliatura + raster + Gitternetz + raster to vector Methods to convert remotely sensed raster data to vector format. A number of raster-to-vector and vector-to-raster conversion procedures have been developed and introduced to current releases of many GIS packages. trame en vecteur - Raster zu Vektor - van raster- naar vectorformaat da raster a vettore + van raster- naar vectorformaat + Raster zu Vektor + vector to raster Methods to convert remotely sensed raster data to vector format. A number of vector-to-raster and raster-to-vector conversion procedures have been developed and introduced to current releases of many GIS packages. vecteur en trame - Vektor zu Raster - van vector- naar rasterformaat da vettore a raster + van vector- naar rasterformaat + Vektor zu Raster + national boundary The line demarcating recognized limits of established political units. frontière nationale - Staatsgrenze - landsgrens confine nazionale + landsgrens + Staatsgrenze + @@ -12093,9 +24920,10 @@ sub-national boundary The line demarcating a territory located within the limits of a State. frontière infranationale - Innerstaatliche Grenze - binnengrens confine sub-nazionale + binnengrens + Innerstaatliche Grenze + @@ -12103,17 +24931,21 @@ administrative boundary A limit or border of a geographic area under the jurisdiction of some governmental or managerial entity. limite administrative - Verwaltungsgrenze - bestuurlijke grens confine amministrativo + bestuurlijke grens + Verwaltungsgrenze + + geo-referenced data données géoréférencées - Geographisch kodierte Daten - gegevens met geografische componenten dati geo-referenziati + gegevens met geografische componenten + Geographisch kodierte Daten + + @@ -12124,9 +24956,10 @@ geographical projection A representation of the globe constructed on a plane with lines representative of and corresponding to the meridians and parallels of the curved surface of the earth. projection géographique - Geographische Projektion - geografische projectie proiezione geografica + geografische projectie + Geographische Projektion + @@ -12134,9 +24967,10 @@ co-ordinate system A reference system used to measure horizontal and vertical distances on a planimetric map. A coordinate system is usually defined by a map projection, a spheroid of reference, a datum, one or more standard parallels, a central meridian, and possible shifts in the x- and y-directions to locate x, y positions of point, line, and area features. A common coordinate system is used to spatially register geographic data for the same area. système de coordonnées - Koordinatensystem - coordinatenstelsel sistema di coordinate + coordinatenstelsel + Koordinatensystem + @@ -12145,45 +24979,51 @@ latitude An angular distance in degrees north or south of the equator (latitude 0°), equal to the angle subtended at the centre of the globe by the meridian between the equator and the point in question. latitude - Breitengrad - breedtegraad (geografisch) latitudine + breedtegraad (geografisch) + Breitengrad + longitude Distance in degrees east or west of the prime meridian at 0° measured by the angle between the plane of the prime meridian and that of the meridian through the point in question, or by the corresponding time difference. longitude - Längengrad - lengtegraad (geografisch) longitudine + lengtegraad (geografisch) + Längengrad + remote sensing centre Centre where remote sensing data are stored, handled and analyzed. centre de télédétection - Fernerkundungszentrum - remote-sensingcentrum centro per il remote sensing + remote-sensingcentrum + Fernerkundungszentrum + + GIS laboratory A laboratory where GIS data drawn from different sources are stored, handled, analyzed and updated. laboratoire SIG - GIS-Labor - GIS laboratorium laboratorio GIS + GIS laboratorium + GIS-Labor + on-line service Service providing an active connection with a communications network. service en ligne - Online-Dienst - on-linedienst(verlening) servizi online + on-linedienst(verlening) + Online-Dienst + @@ -12192,18 +25032,21 @@ underground dump Any subterranean or below-ground site in which solid, or other, waste is deposited without environmental controls. décharge souterraine - Deponieuntergrund - ondergrondse opslag discarica sotterranea + ondergrondse opslag + Deponieuntergrund + business economics The art of purchasing and selling goods from an economics perspective or a perspective involving the scientific study of the production, distribution, and consumption of goods and services. économie des affaires - Betriebswirtschaft - bedrijfseconomie economia aziendale + bedrijfseconomie + Betriebswirtschaft + + @@ -12211,9 +25054,10 @@ deterrence Punishment aiming at deterring the criminal from repeating his offences or deterring others from committing similar acts. dissuasion - Abschreckung - afschrikking deterrenza + afschrikking + Abschreckung + @@ -12221,9 +25065,12 @@ old hazardous site Abandoned or disused dumps and refuse tips, stockpiles and landfill sites, disused petrol service stations, closed-down coking plants and former industrial and commercial premises, etc., from which considerable risks not only to the soil and to the groundwater, but also to humans and nature, can arise. site ancien dangereux - Altlast - oud stort voor gevaarlijk afval discarica dismessa + oud stort voor gevaarlijk afval + Altlast + + + @@ -12231,26 +25078,35 @@ outer space (allocation plan) Area out of closed settlements or building. espace périurbain - Aussenbereich - ruimte (uitrustingsprogramma) spazio esterno (piano d'assetto) + ruimte (uitrustingsprogramma) + Aussenbereich + + deep sea mining The most valuable of the marine mineral resources is petroleum. About 15% of the world's oil is produced offshore, and extraction capabilities are advancing. One of the largest environmental impacts of deep sea mining are discharged sediment plumes which disperse with ocean currents and thus may negatively influence the marine ecosystem. Coal deposits known as extensions of land deposits , are mined under the sea floor in Japan and England. activité d'extraction off-shore - Tiefseebergbau - diepzeemijnbouw attività mineraria in mare profondo + diepzeemijnbouw + Tiefseebergbau + + + semi-liquid manure fumier semi-liquide - Gülle - mengmest concime semiliquido + mengmest + Gülle + + + + @@ -12258,17 +25114,22 @@ electrical goods industry Economic activity for manufacturing electric material and devices. indutrie des biens électroménagers - Elektrowarenindustrie - elektrotechnische industrie industria di materiali elettrici + elektrotechnische industrie + Elektrowarenindustrie + + + services providing company activité de service - Dienstleistungsgewerbe - dienstverlenende bedrijvigheid aziende per la fornitura di servizi + dienstverlenende bedrijvigheid + Dienstleistungsgewerbe + + @@ -12276,18 +25137,22 @@ restoration of water Any treatment process in which contaminated water is cleansed or corrected, particularly by use of a pump-and-treat approach. restauration de l'eau - Gewässersanierung - herstel van de waterkwaliteit ripristino dell'acqua + herstel van de waterkwaliteit + Gewässersanierung + + local heat supply The provision of heating fuel, coal or other heating source materials, or the amount of heating capacity, for the use of a specific local community. fourniture locale de chaleur - Nahwärmeversorgung - plaatselijke warmtevoorziening fornitura locale di calore + plaatselijke warmtevoorziening + Nahwärmeversorgung + + @@ -12295,18 +25160,23 @@ forwarding agent A person or business that specializes in the shipment and receiving of goods. transporteur - Spediteur - expediteur spedizioniere + expediteur + Spediteur + + waste avoidance All measures by which production and consumption processes are caused to generate less (or no waste), or to generate only those wastes that can be treated without causing problems. réduction des déchets à la source - Abfallvermeidung - afvalvoorkoming astensione dalla produzione di rifiuti + afvalvoorkoming + Abfallvermeidung + + + @@ -12314,62 +25184,74 @@ natural independence law The inviolable, moral claim of non-human organisms and their habitats to exist unharmed or unchanged by human activity as postulated by certain environmental ethicists. loi sur l'indépendance naturelle - Natureigenrecht - wet van de natuurlijke onafhankelijkheid diritto sulla indipendenza della natura + wet van de natuurlijke onafhankelijkheid + Natureigenrecht + offence against the environment Unlawful acts against the environment, such as water contamination, hazardous waste disposal, air contamination, unpermitted installation of plants, oil spills, etc. atteinte à l'environnement - Umweltdelikt - milieu-overtreding reato ambientale + milieu-overtreding + Umweltdelikt + provincial/regional law (D) législation régionale - Landesrecht - provinciale wetgeving legislazione provinciale/regionale (D) + provinciale wetgeving + Landesrecht + provincial/regional authority (D) The power of a government agency or its administrators to administer and implement laws and government policies applicable to a specific political subdivision or geographical area within the state. autorité régionale - Landesbehörde - provinciaal gezag autorità provinciale/regionale (D) + provinciaal gezag + Landesbehörde + international transaction Any agreement or act involving two or more countries in which business dealings, negotiations or other affairs are settled or concluded. comparaison internationale - Internationaler Vergleich - internationale vergelijking transazione internazionale + internationale vergelijking + Internationaler Vergleich + road setting The establishing of boulevards, turnpikes, highways and other routes on land. implantation des routes - Fahrwegfestlegung - weginrichting definizione dei percorsi + weginrichting + Fahrwegfestlegung + + + air quality monitoring Regular checking and recording of air quality in a given area. The following pollutants must be considered: carbon monoxide, benzene, butadiene, lead, sulphur dioxide, nitrogen dioxide, and particulates. contrôle de la qualité de l'air - Immissionsüberwachung - toezicht op de kwaliteit van de lucht monitoraggio della qualità dell'aria + toezicht op de kwaliteit van de lucht + Immissionsüberwachung + + + + @@ -12377,9 +25259,10 @@ citizen initiative initiative du citoyen - Bürgerinitiative - burgerinitiatief iniziativa da parte dei cittadini + burgerinitiatief + Bürgerinitiative + @@ -12387,9 +25270,11 @@ area under stress Areas that are flooded by rising number of tourists or other kinds of pressure and suffer from insufficient or inappropriate planning and management. Damage frequently arises from a lack of understanding or interest of the value of such sites. zone sous tension (environnementale) - Belastungsgebiet - onder druk staand gebied area sotto stress + onder druk staand gebied + Belastungsgebiet + + @@ -12397,9 +25282,11 @@ storage (process) A series of actions undertaken to deposit or hold goods, materials or waste in some physical location, as in a facility, container, tank or dumping site. stockage - Speicherung - opslag deposito (processo) + opslag + Speicherung + + @@ -12413,45 +25300,52 @@ mountain refuge Any shelter or protection from distress or danger located in a predominantly mountainous area. refuge de montagne - Bergrückzugsgebiet - berghut rifugio di montagna + berghut + Bergrückzugsgebiet + space research Research involving studies of all aspects of environmental conditions beyond the atmosphere of the earth. recherche spatiale - Weltraumforschung - ruimte-onderzoek ricerca spaziale + ruimte-onderzoek + Weltraumforschung + red list The series of publications produced by the International Union for the Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources (IUCN). They provide an inventory on the threat to rare plants and animal species. Information includes status, geographical distribution, population size, habitat and breeding rate. The books also contain the conservation measures, if any, that have been taken to protect the species. There are five categories of rarity status: endangered species; vulnerable organisms, which are those unlikely to adapt to major environmental effects; rare organisms, which are those at risk because there are few of them in the world, such as plants which only grow on mountain peaks or on islands; out of danger species, which were formerly in the above categories, but have had the threat removed because of conservation actions; and indeterminate species, which are the plants and animals probably at risk, although not enough is known about them to assess their status. liste rouge - Rote Liste - rode lijst lista rossa + rode lijst + Rote Liste + coagulation A separation or precipitation from a dispersed state of suspensoid particles resulting from their growth; may result from prolonged heating, addition of an electrolyte, or from a condensation reaction between solute and solvent. coagulation - Koagulation - stolling coagulazione + stolling + Koagulation + + coal The natural, rocklike, brown to black derivative of forest-type plant material, usually accumulated in peat beds and progressively compressed and indurated until it is finally altered in to graphite-like material. charbon - Kohle - steenkool carbone + steenkool + Kohle + + @@ -12462,9 +25356,10 @@ coal-based energy Power generated by the steam raised by burning coal in fire-tube or water-tube boilers. énergie à base de charbon - Energie auf Kohlebasis - steenkoolenergie energia da carbone + steenkoolenergie + Energie auf Kohlebasis + @@ -12472,9 +25367,11 @@ insulating material Material that prevents or reduces the transmission of electricity, heat, or sound to or from a body, device or region. matériau isolant - Dämmstoff - isolerend materiaal materiale isolante + isolerend materiaal + Dämmstoff + + @@ -12483,40 +25380,53 @@ decantation Sizing or classifying particulate matter by suspension in a fluid (liquid or gas), the larger particulates tending to separate by sinking. décantation - Dekantieren - klaring van een vloeistof decantazione + klaring van een vloeistof + Dekantieren + + wood resource + + + fishing fleet + coal-fired power plant Power plant which is fuelled by coal. centrale à charbon - Kohlekraftwerk - steenkoolcentrale centrale a carbone + steenkoolcentrale + Kohlekraftwerk + + + emission to air + air quality impact + + climate change mitigation + @@ -12525,7 +25435,16 @@ climate change adaptation - process of preparing to cope with living in a changing climate, e.g. increased rainfall, higher temperatures, scarce water, or more frequent storms + process of preparing to cope with living in a changing climate + adaptation au changement climatique + processus d'adaptation à la vie dans des conditions de changement climatique + adattamento ai cambiamenti climatici + processo di preparazione inteso ad affrontare la vita in un clima che cambia + aanpassing aan klimaatverandering + het proces waarbij men zich voorbereidt op het leven in veranderende klimaatomstandigheden + Anpassung an den Klimawandel + Vorbereitung auf die Lebensumstände in einem sich verändernden Klima + @@ -12534,29 +25453,46 @@ alternative fuel + + material flow + + non-mineral waste + waste prevention + other waste + above-ground biomass - all living vegetal matter above the soil including stem, stump, branches, bark, seeds and foliage + all living biomass above the soil including stem, stump, branches, bark, seeds and foliage + biomasse aérienne + toute biomasse vivante au-dessus du sol, y compris les tiges, les souches, les +branches, l’écorce, les graines et le feuillage + biomassa aerea + Tutta la biomassa vivente che si trova in superficie, compresi steli, ceppi, rami, cortecce, semi e fogliame + bovengrondse biomassa + de totale hoeveelheid bovengronds organisch materiaal, met inbegrip van stammen, stronken, takken, schors, zaden, naalden en bladeren + oberirdische Biomasse + die gesamte lebende Biomasse oberhalb des Erdbodens einschließlich Stamm, Stumpf, Ästen, Rinde, Samen und Blattwerk + @@ -12569,6 +25505,7 @@ above-ground biomass growth oven-dry weight of net annual increment (s.b) of a tree, stand or forest plus oven-dry weight of annual growth of branches, twigs, foliage, top and stump + @@ -12577,6 +25514,7 @@ above-ground non-tree biomass all living matter above-ground excluding trees with trees defined as generally five cm or greater diameter at breast height (4.3 feet above ground) + @@ -12586,6 +25524,8 @@ above-ground tree biomass all living matter composed of trees defined as generally five cm or greater diameter at breast height (4.3 feet above ground) + + @@ -12595,6 +25535,8 @@ adaptation strategy The process of adjustment to actual or expected climate and its effects. In human systems, adaptation seeks to moderate or avoid harm or exploit beneficial opportunities. In some natural systems, human intervention may facilitate adjustment to expected climate and its effects. + + @@ -12607,6 +25549,7 @@ ACC definition: The ability of systems, institutions, humans, and other organisms to adjust to potential damage, to take advantage of opportunities, or to respond to consequences. + @@ -12614,6 +25557,16 @@ respond to consequences. agricultural bioenergy production oil crops which are converted into biofuels + production de bioénergie fondée sur l'agriculture + oléagineux transformés en biocarburants + produzione di bioenergia da prodotti agricoli + colture oleaginose convertite in biocarburanti + productie van bio-energie uit landbouwgewassen + oliehoudende gewassen die worden omgezet in biobrandstoffen + Erzeugung von Bioenergie in der Landwirtschaft + Herstellung von Biokraftstoffen aus Ölpflanzen + + @@ -12621,7 +25574,18 @@ respond to consequences. agronomic fertiliser additive - Any substance added to a fertiliser, soil improver or growing medium to improve the final product or modifying the environmental fate of the nutrients released by the fertilisers + any substance added to a fertiliser, soil improver or growing medium to improve the agronomic efficacy of the final product, or modify the environmental fate of the nutrients released by the fertilisers + additif agronomique pour engrais + toute substance ajoutée à un engrais, un amendement du sol ou un milieu de culture pour renforcer l'efficacité agronomique du produit final, ou pour modifier le devenir dans l'environnement des nutriments libérés par les engrais + additivo agronomico + qualsiasi sostanza aggiunta a un fertilizzante, ammendante o substrato colturale inteso a migliorare l'efficacia agronomica del prodotto finale o a modificare il destino ambientale dei nutrienti rilasciati dai fertilizzanti + landbouwmeststofadditief + elke stof die wordt toegevoegd aan een meststof, bodemverbeteraar of groeimiddel om de landbouwefficiëntie van het eindproduct te verbeteren of om het lot in het milieu van de door de meststof afgegeven voedingsstoffen te wijzigen + agronomischer Düngemittel Zusatz + alle Substanzen, die einem Düngemittel, Bodenverbesserungsmittel oder Nährsubstrat beigefügt werden, um die agronomische Effizienz des Enderzeugnisses zu verbessern oder das Verhalten der von den Düngemitteln freigesetzten Nährstoffe in der Umwelt zu verändern + + + @@ -12632,7 +25596,17 @@ respond to consequences. air pollutant emission inventory guidebook - joint EMEP/EEA guidebook supporting the reporting of emissions data under the UNECE Convention on Long-range Transboundary Air Pollution (CLRTAP) and the EU National Emission Ceilings Directive by providing expert guidance on how to compile an atmospheric emissions inventory + joint EMEP/EEA guidebook supporting the reporting of emissions data, under the UNECE Convention on Long-range Transboundary Air Pollution (CLRTAP) and the EU National Emission Ceilings Directive, in providing expert guidance on how to compile an atmospheric emissions inventory + guide des inventaires des émissions de polluants atmosphériques + guide commun EMEP/AEE à l'appui de la communication des données relatives aux émissions, au titre de la Convention sur la pollution atmosphérique transfrontière à longue distance (CPATLD) et de la directive de l'UE sur les plafonds d'émission nationaux, fournissant des orientations d'experts sur la façon de dresser un inventaire des émissions atmosphériques + guida per gli inventari delle emissioni di inquinanti atmosferici + guida congiunta EMEP/AEA a sostegno della comunicazione dei dati sulle emissioni, nel quadro della convenzione UNECE sull’inquinamento atmosferico transfrontaliero a grande distanza e della direttiva UE relativa ai limiti nazionali di emissione, che ha lo scopo di fornire orientamenti di esperti sulla compilazione di un inventario delle emissioni atmosferiche + inventarisatiegids emissie van luchtverontreinigende stoffen + gemeenschappelijke gids van EMEP en EMA, op grond van het VN-ECE-verdrag betreffende grensoverschrijdende luchtverontreiniging over lange afstand (CLRTAP) en de EU-Richtlijn Nationale Emissieplafonds, met deskundig advies voor het samenstellen van een inventaris van emissies naar de lucht + Air Pollutant Emission Inventory Guidebook (Leitfaden zum Inventar der Luftschadstoffemissionen) + ein gemeinsamer Leitfaden von EMEP und EUA, der die Berichterstattung über Emissionsdaten im Rahmen des UNECE-Übereinkommens über weiträumige grenzüberschreitende Luftverunreinigung (CLRTAP) und der EU-Richtlinie über nationale Emissionshöchstmengen unterstützt, indem er fachliche Anleitung zur Zusammenstellung einer Luftemissionsinventarisierung bietet + + @@ -12644,14 +25618,26 @@ respond to consequences. coal gasification Process of conversion of coal to a gaseous product which is used as fuel in electric power stations. gazéification du charbon - Kohlevergasung - steenkoolvergassing gassificazione del carbone + steenkoolvergassing + Kohlevergasung + + + - air quality directives - Directives that define the legislative basis for assessment and management of air quality in the Member States of the European Union + air quality directive + Directive that define the legislative basis for the assessment and management of air quality in Member States + directives sur la qualité de l'air + directives qui définissent la base législative de l'évaluation et de la gestion de la qualité de l'air dans les États membres + direttive relative alla qualità dell'aria + direttive che stabiliscono il quadro legislativo per la valutazione e la gestione della qualità dell'aria negli Stati membri + richtlijnen luchtkwaliteit + richtlijnen die de wettelijke grondslag vormen voor de analyse en het beheer van de luchtkwaliteit in de lidstaten + Luftqualitätsrichtlinien + Richtlinien, in denen die Rechtsgrundlage für die Bewertung und Verwaltung der Luftqualität in den Mitgliedstaaten festgelegt ist + @@ -12665,16 +25651,23 @@ respond to consequences. albedo Ratio of the radiation (radiant or luminous energy) reflected by a surface to that incident on it. + + algae-based biofuel production any algae-based biofuel + + + ambient air quality The quality of outdoor air in our surrounding environment. It is typically measured near ground level, away from direct sources of pollution. + + @@ -12685,12 +25678,18 @@ respond to consequences. anaerobic digestion A naturally occurring biochemical process in which organic material is broken down by bacteria in an oxygen-free environment. + + + anaerobic lagoon type of liquid storage system designed and operated to combine waste stabilization and storage with varying lengths of storage (up to a year or greater), depending on the climate region, the volatile solids loading rate, and other operational factors + + + @@ -12698,6 +25697,17 @@ material is broken down by bacteria in an oxygen-free environment. animal waste management proper handling, storage, and utilization of wastes generated from animal confinement operations, including means of collecting, scraping, or washing wastes from confinement areas into appropriate waste storage structures + gestion des déchets animaux + traitement, stockage et utilisation appropriés des déchets résultant des opérations de confinement d'animaux, y compris les moyens de collecter, de gratter ou de laver les déchets présents dans les zones de confinement pour les stocker dans des structures appropriées + gestione dei rifiuti animali + operazioni corrette di manipolazione, immagazzinamento e utilizzo dei rifiuti generati dalle operazioni di confinamento degli animali, compresi i mezzi di raccolta, raschiamento o lavaggio di rifiuti da aree di confinamento in strutture adeguate per l'immagazzinamento dei rifiuti + beheer van dierlijk afval + correcte hantering, opslag en benuting van afval dat afkomstig is van dieren in gevangenschap, waaronder middelen om het afval te verzamelen, af te schrapen of weg te wassen van de huisvestingsruimten naar geschikte afvalopslagstructuren + Bewirtschaftung von tierischen Abfällen + ordnungsgemäße Handhabung, Lagerung und Verwertung von Abfällen, die bei der Unterbringung von Tieren entstehen, einschließlich Verfahren zum Sammeln, Ausschaben und Herauswaschen von Abfällen aus Unterbringungsbereichen, in angemessenen Strukturen zur Lagerung des Abfalls + + + @@ -12706,6 +25716,9 @@ material is broken down by bacteria in an oxygen-free environment.animal waste management systems combination of structural and nonstructural practices serving a feedlot that provides for the collection, treatment, storage or land applications of animal waste + + + @@ -12714,6 +25727,9 @@ serving a feedlot that provides for the collection, treatment, storage or land a aerosols caused by human activities. These activities include the burning of fossil fuels, deforestation, land use changes, livestock production, fertilization, waste management, and industrial processes. + + + @@ -12721,6 +25737,8 @@ fertilization, waste management, and industrial processes. aquatic system group of interacting organisms dependent on one another and their water environment for nutrients (e.g., nitrogen and phosphorus) and shelter + + @@ -12728,13 +25746,17 @@ fertilization, waste management, and industrial processes. coal liquefaction The process of preparing a liquid mixture of hydrocarbons by destructive distillation of coal. liquéfaction du charbon - Kohleverflüssigung - steenkooliquefactie liquefazione del carbone + steenkooliquefactie + Kohleverflüssigung + + + Arctic sea ice loss + @@ -12744,6 +25766,16 @@ fertilization, waste management, and industrial processes. artificial land total of built-up areas plus artificial non-built-up areas + sols artificialisés + total des zones bâties et des zones artificialisées non bâties + superficie artificiale + totale delle aree edificate e delle aree artificiali non edificate + artificiële oppervlakte + totaal van bebouwde oppervlakten en niet-bebouwde kunstmatige oppervlakten + künstliche Flächen + Gesamtheit aller bebauten Flächen und künstlicher nicht bebauter Flächen + + @@ -12751,31 +25783,54 @@ fertilization, waste management, and industrial processes. atmospheric aerosol loading suspensions of solids and/or liquid particles in the air that we breathe, as dust, smoke and haze, measured by the mass concentration of aerosol particles or by an optical measure + atmospheric carbon dioxide primary source of carbon in life on Earth and its concentration in Earth's pre-industrial atmosphere since late in the Precambrian was regulated by photosynthetic organisms and geological phenomena + + atmospheric nitrogen load Atmospheric deposition or flux of total reactive nitrogen (N) to the Earth’s surface, calculated for example as kilograms N per hectare and year (kg N ha-1 yr-1). Reactive N from the atmosphere can be deposited as gases (= dry deposition) and in precipitation (= wet deposition). Total reactive N includes oxidised N compounds as well as reduced N compounds. Oxidised compounds are here mainly nitrogen oxides (NOx; gases) and nitrate (NO3-; in precipitation). The main reduced compounds are ammonia (NH3; gas) and ammonium (NH4+; in precipitation) + + Barents Sea - The region of the Arctic Ocean lying between Novaya Zemlia on its eastern side and a hypothetical line from Norway, through Bear Island to South Spitsbergen on its western perimeter + area between Novaya Zemlia, in the east, and the line Norway–Bear Island–South Spitsbergen, in the west area + mer de Barents + zone située entre la Nouvelle-Zemble, à l'est, et la ligne Norvège-Île aux Ours-Sud Spitzberg à l'ouest + mare di Barents + zona compresa tra Novaja Zemlja, a est, e la linea che unisce la Norvegia, l'Isola degli Orsi e la parte meridionale di Spitzbergen, a ovest + Barentszzee + gebied gelegen tussen Nova Zembla in het oosten en de lijn Noorwegen–Bereneiland–Zuid-Spitsbergen in het westen + Barentssee + Gebiet zwischen Nowaja Semlja im Osten und der Achse Norwegen–Bäreninsel–Südspitzbergen im Westen + bathing water directive - Directive 2006/7/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 15 February 2006 concerning the management of bathing water quality and repealing Directive 76/160/EEC. + rules laid down by the European Union (EU) for the monitoring, assessment and management of the quality of bathing water, and for the provision of information on that quality to reduce and prevent the pollution of bathing water and to inform European citizens of the degree of pollution + directive sur les eaux de baignade + règles fixées par l'Union européenne (UE) pour la surveillance, l'évaluation et la gestion de la qualité des eaux de baignade ainsi que la fourniture d'informations sur la qualité de ces eaux afin de réduire et prévenir la pollution des eaux de baignade et d'informer les Européens sur leur degré de pollution + direttiva sulle acque di balneazione + disposizioni stabilite dall'Unione Europea (UE) per il monitoraggio, la valutazione e la gestione della qualità delle acque di balneazione e per la fornitura di informazioni su tale qualità al fine di ridurre e prevenire l'inquinamento delle acque di balneazione e informare i cittadini europei del grado di inquinamento + zwemwaterrichtlijn + regels die zijn vastgelegd door de Europese Unie (EU) voor het monitoren, analyseren en beheren van de kwaliteit van het zwemwater alsmede voor het verstrekken van informatie over deze kwaliteit, teneinde de verontreiniging van zwemwater te beperken en te voorkomen en de Europese burgers te informeren over de mate van verontreiniging + Badegewässerrichtlinie + Rechtsvorschriften der Europäischen Union (EU) bezüglich der Überwachung, Bewertung und Bewirtschaftung der Qualität der Badegewässer sowie der Information der Öffentlichkeit über diese Qualität zur Verringerung und Vermeidung der Verschmutzung von Badegewässern und zur Information europäischer Bürger über den Grad der Verschmutzung + @@ -12788,18 +25843,37 @@ fertilization, waste management, and industrial processes. bathing water legislation - European legislation whose main objectives are to safeguard public health and protect the aquatic environment in coastal and inland areas from pollution + European legislation aimed at safeguarding public health and protecting the aquatic environment in coastal and inland areas from pollution + législation sur les eaux de baignade + législation européenne visant à sauvegarder la santé publique et à protéger de la pollution le milieu aquatique aussi bien en zones côtières que fluviale + legislazione in materia di acque di balneazione + legislazione europea intesa a salvaguardare la salute pubblica e a proteggere dall'inquinamento l'ambiente acquatico delle zone costiere e delle acque interne + zwemwaterwetgeving + Europese wetgeving die tot doel heeft de volksgezondheid en het aquatisch milieu zowel aan de kust als in het binnenland te beschermen tegen verontreiniging + Rechtsvorschriften für Badegewässer + EU-Rechtsvorschriften zur Wahrung der öffentlichen Gesundheit und zum Schutz vor Verschmutzung der Küsten- und Binnengewässer + behavioural change Transformation or modification of human behavior + below-ground biomass - All living biomass of live roots. Fine roots of less than (suggested) 2mm diameter are sometimes excluded because these often cannot be distinguished empirically from soil organic matter or litter + all living biomass of live roots + biomasse souterraine + toute biomasse de racines vivantes + biomassa ipogea + biomassa costituita dalle radici vive + ondergrondse biomassa + alle levende biomassa bestaande uit levende wortels + unterirdische Biomasse + die gesamte lebende Biomasse aus lebenden Wurzeln + @@ -12816,21 +25890,36 @@ fertilization, waste management, and industrial processes. coal mining The technical and mechanical job of removing coal from the earth and preparing it for market. extraction de charbon - Kohlebergbau - steenkoolmijnbouw estrazione di carbone + steenkoolmijnbouw + Kohlebergbau + + + below-ground biomass growth Growth in below-ground biomass including coarse roots and root collar + croissance de la biomasse souterraine + croissance de la biomasse souterraine, y compris les racines grossières et le collet de la racine + sviluppo della biomassa ipogea + crescita della biomassa ipogea che include anche grosse radici e colletto + ondergrondse biomassa-aangroei + aangroei van ondergrondse biomassa, met inbegrip van grove wortels en wortelhals + Wachstum der unterirdischen Biomasse + Wachstum unterirdischer Biomasse einschließlich grober und feiner Wurzeln sowie des Wurzelhalses + + bio desulfurization ambient temperature under mild reaction conditions and use of special aerobic anaerobic microorganisms + + @@ -12838,11 +25927,14 @@ fertilization, waste management, and industrial processes. biocapacity The capacity of ecosystems to regenerate what people demand from those surfaces. The biocapacity of a particular surface represents its ability to renew what people demand. Biocapacity is therefore the ecosystems' capacity to produce biological materials used by people and to absorb waste material generated by humans, under current management schemes and extraction technologies. Biocapacity can change from year to year due to climate, management, and also what portions are considered useful inputs to the human economy. + biodiversity conservation Planned management (i.e. preservation, maintenance, sustainable use, recovery, enhancement) of a natural resources or of a particular ecosystem to halt, reverse or slow-down the loss of biodiversity from impacts of exploitation, pollution etc. to ensure the future usability of the resource, resilience of communities, and ecosystem integrity. + + @@ -12854,6 +25946,8 @@ fertilization, waste management, and industrial processes. biodiversity loss Long term or permanent qualitative or quantitative reduction in components of biodiversity and their potential to provide goods and services, to be measured at global, regional and national levels + + @@ -12864,6 +25958,8 @@ fertilization, waste management, and industrial processes. biodiversity protection conserving the resilience and vitality of natural ecosystems both for their intrinsic value and also for the benefits that they provide to human society as healthy ecosystems constitute our best defence against the worst extremes of weather associated with climate change + + @@ -12875,6 +25971,8 @@ fertilization, waste management, and industrial processes. bioenergy production New and quickly developing branch of industry in most of European countries to find different efficient solution of energy conversion from different biomass recourses + + @@ -12884,6 +25982,9 @@ fertilization, waste management, and industrial processes. biofuel production Conversion of biomass to biofuel + + + @@ -12895,34 +25996,48 @@ fertilization, waste management, and industrial processes. Biologically degradable waste Any organic matter in waste which can be broken down into carbon dioxide, water, methane or simple organic molecules by micro-organisms and other living things using composting, aerobic digestion, anaerobic digestion or similar processes + biomass burning Biomass burning is the burning of living and dead vegetation + biomass feedstock Plant and algal materials used to derive fuels like ethanol, butanol, biodiesel, and other hydrocarbon fuels + biotic interactions effects that the organisms in a community have on one another that are fundamental to the survival of that organism and the functioning of the ecosystem as a whole + blue carbon Carbon captured by the world's oceans and coastal ecosystems.The carbon captured by living organisms in oceans is stored in the form of biomass and sediments from mangroves, salt marshes, seagrasses and potentially algae. + blue growth - Long-term EU strategy to support growth in the marine and maritime sectors as a whole + long-term EU strategy to support growth in the maritime sector as a whole + croissance bleue + stratégie à long terme visant à soutenir la croissance durable dans le secteur maritime dans son ensemble + crescita blu + strategia a lungo termine per sostenere una crescita sostenibile nei settori marino e marittimo + blauwe groei + langetermijnstrategie van de EU ter ondersteuning van groei in de gehele maritieme sector + Blaues Wachstum + langfristige EU-Strategie zur Unterstützung des Wachstums in allen maritimen Wirtschaftszweigen + @@ -12930,12 +26045,19 @@ fertilization, waste management, and industrial processes. boreal forest dieback phenomena of a stand of trees losing health and dying without an obvious cause + + + + + + carbon balance Process of identifying and quantifying carbon in form of carbon dioxide (CO2) added to or removed from the earth's atmosphere, natural and human activity + @@ -12943,6 +26065,7 @@ fertilization, waste management, and industrial processes. carbon economy economy based on low carbon power sources that therefore has a minimal output of greenhouse gas emissions into the environment biosphere, but specifically refers to the greenhouse gas carbon dioxide. + @@ -12957,6 +26080,7 @@ fertilization, waste management, and industrial processes. carbon emission gas that contributes to the greenhouse effect by absorbing infrared radiation + @@ -12965,6 +26089,7 @@ fertilization, waste management, and industrial processes. carbon leakage The situation that may occur if, for reasons of costs related to climate policies, businesses were to transfer production to other countries with laxer emission constraints. This could lead to an increase in their total emissions. The risk of carbon leakage may be higher in certain energy-intensive industries. + @@ -12973,9 +26098,12 @@ fertilization, waste management, and industrial processes. coal refining The processing of coal to remove impurities. raffinage de la houille - Kohleveredelung - het raffineren van kolen raffinazione del carbone + het raffineren van kolen + Kohleveredelung + + + @@ -12983,6 +26111,8 @@ fertilization, waste management, and industrial processes. carbon mass balance total of carbon emissions and carbon sequestration over a period of time for a defined area, project or sector + + @@ -12990,6 +26120,7 @@ fertilization, waste management, and industrial processes. carbon sequestration biological process that absorbs carbon dioxide from the atmosphere and contains it in living organic matter, soil, or aquatic ecosystems + @@ -12997,7 +26128,17 @@ fertilization, waste management, and industrial processes. carbon stock - The quantity of carbon in a “pool”, meaning a reservoir or system which has the capacity to accumulate or release carbon + quantity of carbon in a “pool”, meaning a reservoir or system which has the capacity to accumulate or release carbon + stock de carbone + quantité de carbone dans un «bassin», à savoir un réservoir ou un système pouvant accumuler ou libérer le carbone + stock di carbonio + quantità di carbonio accumulato in un "pool", ossia in un serbatoio o (agro)sistema che ha la capacità di accumulare o rilasciare carbonio + koolstofvoorraad + de hoeveelheid koolstof in een "pool", zijnde een compartiment of een systeem dat koolstof kan verzamelen of vrijgeven + Kohlenstoffbestand + Menge an Kohlenstoff in einem „Pool“, also einem Speicher oder System, der Kohlenstoff ansammeln oder freisetzen kann + + @@ -13005,7 +26146,17 @@ fertilization, waste management, and industrial processes. carrying capacity - The carrying capacity of a biological species in an environment is the maximum population size of the species that the environment can sustain indefinitely, given the food, habitat, water, and other necessities available in the environment. + maximum supply of biological products and services that can be provided by the natural environment so that renewable resources are not depleted faster than they can be regenerated and that ecological systems remain viable + capacité de charge + quantité maximale de produits et services biologiques que l'environnement naturel peut fournir sans que les ressources renouvelables ne soient utilisées à un rythme supérieur à leur rythme de regénération et en garantissant la viabilité des systèmes écologiques + capacità portante + quantità massima di servizi e prodotti biologici che l'ambiente naturale può fornire affinché le risorse rinnovabili non si esauriscano più rapidamente di quanto possano rigenerarsi e affinché si garantisca la vitalità dei sistemi ecologici + draagkracht + maximale hoeveelheid biologische producten en diensten die de natuurlijke omgeving kan leveren, zonder dat hernieuwbare hulpbronnen sneller worden opgebruikt dan ze regenereren, zodat de ecosystemen levensvatbaar blijven + Tragfähigkeit + Angebot biologischer Produkte und Dienstleistungen, das maximal über die Natur bereitgestellt werden kann, damit erneuerbare Ressourcen nicht schneller erschöpft werden, als sie wieder aufgebaut werden können, und Ökosysteme lebensfähig bleiben + + @@ -13013,12 +26164,22 @@ fertilization, waste management, and industrial processes. chemical commercial waste waste arising from any trade or business, industrial or commercial activities + déchets chimiques commerciaux + déchets résultant de tout commerce ou entreprise, de toute activité industrielle ou commerciale + rifiuti chimici da attività commerciali + rifiuti derivanti da qualsiasi attività professionale, aziendale, commerciale o industriale + chemisch bedrijfsafval + alle afval dat afkomstig is van een handel of bedrijf, van industriële of commerciële activiteiten + Abfälle der chemischen Industrie + Abfälle aus Handel, Gewerbe, Industrie- oder Geschäftstätigkeiten + circular economy An economy in which the value of products, materials and resources is maintained in the economy for as long as possible, and the generation of waste minimised + @@ -13030,6 +26191,16 @@ fertilization, waste management, and industrial processes. climate change impact Consequences of climate change on natural and human systems + effets du changement climatique + conséquences du changement climatique sur les systèmes naturels et humains + impatto dei cambiamenti climatici + le conseguenze del cambiamento climatico sui sistemi naturali e umani + gevolgen van klimaatverandering + gevolgen van de klimaatverandering voor natuurlijke en menselijke systemen + Folgen des Klimawandels + Auswirkungen des Klimawandels auf Umwelt und Menschen + + @@ -13040,7 +26211,16 @@ fertilization, waste management, and industrial processes. climate policy - government or private actions designed to lower anthropogenic greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions or adapt to climate change + government or private actions designed to lower anthropogenic greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, or to adapt to climate change + politique en matière de changement climatique + actions prises par les gouvernements ou des entités privées pour diminuer les émissions anthropiques de gaz à effet de serre (GES), ou pour s'adapter au changement climatique + politica in materia di cambiamenti climatici + azioni governative o private volte a ridurre le emissioni di gas a effetto serra (GHG) di origine antropica oppure ad adattarsi ai cambiamenti climatici + klimaatbeleid + overheids- of particuliere maatregelen ter verlaging van door de mens veroorzaakte broeikasgasemissies of ter aanpassing aan de klimaatverandering + Klimapolitik + Maßnahmen der Regierung oder des Privatsektors zur Senkung der anthropogenen Treibhausgasemissionen oder zur Anpassung an den Klimawandel + @@ -13052,6 +26232,8 @@ fertilization, waste management, and industrial processes. climate regulation Influence of land cover and biological mediated processes that regulate atmospheric processes and weather patterns which in turn create the microclimate in which different plants and animals (including humans) live and function + + @@ -13062,7 +26244,16 @@ fertilization, waste management, and industrial processes. climate zone - Any of the principal zones, roughly demarcated by lines of latitude and altitude, into which the earth can be divided on the basis of climate + any of the eight principal zones, roughly demarcated by lines of latitude, into which the earth can be divided on the basis of climate + zone climatique + chacune des huit zones principales de la Terre, délimitées de manière approximative par les lignes de latitude, qui se distingue par son climat + zona climatica + una delle otto zone principali, delimitate approssimativamente da linee di latitudine, in cui è possibile dividere la Terra sulla base del clima + klimaatzone + een van de acht grote zones, ruwweg afgebakend door breedtecirkels, waarin de aarde kan worden verdeeld op basis van het klimaat + Klimazone + eine beliebige der acht Hauptzonen, die grob durch Längengrade gekennzeichnet sind, in die sich die Erde anhand klimatischer Bedingungen einteilen lässt + @@ -13071,18 +26262,23 @@ fertilization, waste management, and industrial processes. aerodynamic noise Acoustic noise caused by turbulent airflow over the surface of a body. bruit aérodynamique - Aerodynamisches Geräusch - aërodynamisch geluid rumore aerodinamico + aërodynamisch geluid + Aerodynamisches Geräusch + + clinical waste any waste that consists wholly or partly of Human or animal tissue, Blood or bodily fluids, Excretions, Drugs or other pharmaceutical products, Swabs or dressings, Syringes, needles or other sharp instruments which, unless rendered safe, may prove hazardous to any person coming into contact with it + coal gas desulfurization + + @@ -13090,11 +26286,22 @@ fertilization, waste management, and industrial processes. coastal flooding Flooding of normally dry, low-lying coastal land, primarily caused by severe weather events along the coast, estuaries, and adjoining rivers. + collaborative consumption - The ways that consumers can obtain products or services more effectively and resource-efficiently. This may involve fundamentally changing the ways that consumer demands are met, including shifting from individual decisions to organised or collective demand. + ways that allow consumers to obtain products or services more effectively and resource-efficiently, involving fundamentally changing the ways that consumer demands are met, including shifting from individual decisions to organised or collective demand + consommation collaborative + moyens permettant aux consommateurs d'obtenir des produits ou des services de manière plus efficace et en utilisant au mieux les ressources, qui impliquent un changement fondamental dans la réponse à la demande des consommateurs, y compris le fait de passer de décisions individuelles à une demande organisée ou collective + consumo collaborativo + modalità che consentono ai consumatori di ottenere prodotti o servizi in maniera più efficace ed efficiente in termini di risorse, che prevedono un cambiamento radicale dei modi in cui le richieste dei consumatori sono soddisfatte, nonché il passaggio da decisioni individuali a una domanda organizzata o collettiva + samenwerkingsconsumptie + manieren die consumenten in staat stellen om doeltreffender en hulpbronefficiënter producten of diensten te verkrijgen, waarbij op een fundamenteel andere manier in de behoeften van de consument wordt voorzien, onder andere door een verschuiving van individuele beslissingen naar een georganiseerde of collectieve vraag + gemeinschaftlicher Konsum + Möglichkeiten für Verbraucher, effektiver und ressourceneffizienter an Produkte oder Dienstleistungen zu gelangen, wobei sich die Art und Weise, wie die Nachfrage der Verbraucher gedeckt wird, grundlegend ändert, indem etwa individuelle Entscheidungen zunehmend von organisierter oder gemeinsamer Nachfrage abgelöst werden + + @@ -13102,18 +26309,30 @@ fertilization, waste management, and industrial processes. commercial waste Waste from premises used mainly for the purposes of a trade or business or for the purpose of sport, recreation, education or entertainment, but excluding household, agricultural or industrial waste + construction waste - Waste stream which arises from activities such as the construction of buildings and civil infrastructure, total or partial demolition of buildings and civil infrastructure, road planning and maintenance + mineral materials occurring in the process of demolition, renovation and alteration works on edifices and building parts + déchets de construction + matériaux minéraux provenant de travaux de démolition, d’assainissement ou de transformation d’ouvrages ou d’éléments de construction + rifiuti da costruzione + materiali minerali risultanti dai lavori di demolizione, ristrutturazione e trasformazione di edifici e parti di edifici + bouwafval + minerale materialen die als afval ontstaan bij het slopen, renoveren en verbouwen van gebouwen en delen daarvan + Bauabfälle + mineralische Stoffe, die bei Abriss-, Renovierungs- oder Umbauarbeiten an Gebäuden und Gebäudeteilen anfallen + consumption behaviour study of individuals, groups, or organizations and the processes they use to select, secure, use, and dispose of products, services, experiences, or ideas to satisfy needs and the impacts that these processes have on the consumer and society + + @@ -13121,6 +26340,9 @@ fertilization, waste management, and industrial processes. covered anaerobic lagoon Anaerobic lagoon covered with a flexible membrane to capture methane produced during the digestion process + + + @@ -13129,7 +26351,16 @@ capture methane produced during the digestion process cropland management - The system of practices on land on which agricultural crops are grown and on land that is set aside or temporarily not used for crop production. + any activity resulting from a system of practices applicable to land on which agricultural crops are grown and on land that is set aside or temporarily not being used for crop production + gestion des terres cultivées + toute activité résultant d'un ensemble de pratiques applicables sur des terres où l'on pratique l'agriculture et sur des terres qui font l'objet d'un gel ou qui ne sont temporairement pas utilisées pour la production de cultures + gestione delle terre coltivate + qualsiasi attività risultante da un sistema di pratiche applicabili a un terreno adibito a colture agricole e a un terreno ritirato dalla produzione o temporaneamente non adibito alla produzione di colture + akkerlandbeheer + elke activiteit die resulteert uit een systeem van praktijken die worden toegepast op grond waarop landbouwgewassen worden geteeld en grond die braak ligt of tijdelijk niet wordt gebruikt voor gewasteelt + Ackerbewirtschaftung + jede Tätigkeit im Rahmen eines flächenbaulichen Systems zur Bewirtschaftung von Anbauflächen, stillgelegten Flächen oder vorübergehend brach liegenden Flächen + @@ -13139,31 +26370,41 @@ capture methane produced during the digestion process coal technology The processing of coal to make gaseous and liquid fuels. technologie du charbon - Kohletechnologie - kolentechnologie tecnologia del carbone + kolentechnologie + Kohletechnologie + + cultivated species Species in which the evolutionary process has been influenced by humans to meet their needs + cultural ecosystem services Non-material benefits people obtain from ecosystems through spiritual enrichment, cognitive development, reflection, recreation and aesthetic experience + + dead organic matter matter composed of organic compounds that has come from the remains of organisms such as plants and animals and their waste products in the environment + + + + decoupling The use of less resources per unit of economic output and reducing the environmental impact of any resources that are used or economic activities that are undertaken + @@ -13171,11 +26412,14 @@ capture methane produced during the digestion process waste designed to degrade under environmental conditions or in municipal and industrial biological waste treatment facilities + + degradable waste waste not subject to or capable of degradation or decomposition + @@ -13183,7 +26427,16 @@ facilities development policy - EU policy which has as a primary objective the eradication of poverty in the context of sustainable development, including pursuit of the Millennium Development Goals and the promotion of democracy, good governance and respect for human rights + policy of the European Union which has as a primary objective the eradication of poverty in the context of sustainable development, including pursuit of the MDGs, as well as the promotion of democracy, good governance and respect for human rights + politique de développement + politique de l'Union européenne qui a pour principal objectif l'éradication de la pauvreté dans le contexte du développement durable, notamment la réalisation des OMD, ainsi que la promotion de la démocratie, de la bonne gouvernance et du respect des droits de l'homme + politica di sviluppo + politica dell'Unione europea che ha come obiettivo primario l'eliminazione della povertà nel contesto dello sviluppo sostenibile, anche attraverso il perseguimento degli obiettivi di sviluppo del millennio, oltre alla promozione della democrazia, del buon governo e del rispetto dei diritti umani + ontwikkelingsbeleid + beleid van de Europese Unie met als voornaamste doel de uitroeiing van armoede tegen de achtergrond van duurzame ontwikkeling, met inbegrip van verwezenlijking van de millenniumdoelstellingen (MDG's) en de bevordering van democratie, goed bestuur en eerbiediging van de mensenrechten + Entwicklungspolitik + Politik der Europäischen Union, zu deren obersten Zielen die Verringerung der Armut im Rahmen einer nachhaltigen Entwicklung gehört, wozu auch die Verwirklichung der Millenniums-Entwicklungsziele sowie die Förderung der Demokratie, der verantwortungsvollen Staatsführung und der Achtung der Menschenrechte zählen + @@ -13194,6 +26447,7 @@ facilities direct greenhouse gas emissions Emissions from sources that are owned or controlled by the reporting entity + @@ -13201,7 +26455,16 @@ facilities disaster risk - The potential disaster losses, in lives, health status, livelihoods, assets and services, which could occur to a particular community or a society over some specified future time period. + convergence of hazards with the vulnerability of those exposed to them + risque de catastrophe + convergence d'aléas et des conditions de vulnérabilité des personnes y étant exposées + rischio di disastri + combinazione della probabilità che si produca un evento e le sue conseguenze negative + rampenrisico + convergentie van gevaren en kwetsbaarheid van degenen die eraan zijn blootgesteld + Katastrophenrisiko + Konvergenz von Gefahren und der Anfälligkeit derjenigen, die ihnen ausgesetzt sind + @@ -13210,6 +26473,8 @@ facilities dissolved inorganic nitrogen The sum of nitrate, nitrite, and ammonium + + @@ -13217,9 +26482,11 @@ facilities coast A line or zone where the land meets the sea or some other large expanse of water. côte - Küste - kust costa + kust + Küste + + @@ -13230,12 +26497,24 @@ facilities domestic material consumption - Measures the total amount of materials directly used by an economy and is defined as the annual quantity of raw materials extracted from the domestic territory, plus all physical imports minus all physical exports + total amount of materials directly used in the economy minus the materials that are exported + consommation intérieure de matières + quantité totale de matières directement utilisées dans l'économie, diminuée des matières exportées + consumo interno di materiale + quantità totale di materiali impiegati direttamente nell'economia meno i materiali che vengono esportati + binnenlands materiaalverbruik + totale hoeveelheid materiaal die direct wordt gebruikt in de economie minus het materiaal dat wordt uitgevoerd + inländischer Materialverbrauch + Gesamtentnahme an direkt verwertetem Material innerhalb einer Volkswirtschaft abzüglich der physischen Ausfuhren + + + domesticated species Species in which the evolutionary process has been influenced by humans to meet their needs + @@ -13243,6 +26522,10 @@ facilities dry manure management system solid storage, dry feedlots, deep pit stacks, and daily spreading of the manure, as well as unmanaged manure from animals grazing on pasture + + + + @@ -13250,18 +26533,43 @@ facilities dynamical ice loss ice sheet disintegration via sliding towards the sea accelerated by warming and precipitaion increase amounts + + + earth observation - Gathering of information about planet Earth’s physical, chemical and biological systems via remote sensing technologies, usually involving satellites carrying imaging or radar devices + gathering of information about planet Earth’s physical, chemical and biological systems via remote sensing technologies, usually involving satellites carrying imaging devices + observation de la Terre + collecte d'informations à propos des systèmes physiques, chimiques et biologiques de la planète Terre au moyen de technologies de télédétection, généralement des satellites munis de dispositifs de prise de vues + osservazione della Terra + raccolta di informazioni sui sistemi fisici, chimici e biologici del pianeta Terra attraverso le tecnologie di telerilevamento, solitamente utilizzando satelliti dotati di dispositivi di acquisizione delle immagini + aardobservatie + het verzamelen van informatie over de fysieke, chemische en biologische systemen van de planeet Aarde via teledetectietechnologie, meestal met behulp van satellieten die voorzien zijn van beeldvormingsapparatuur + Erdbeobachtung + Zusammentragen von Informationen über die physikalischen, chemischen und biologischen Systeme auf dem Planeten Erde mit Hilfe von Fernerkundungstechnologien, meist unter Einsatz von Satelliten mit Bildaufnahmegeräten + + + + ecological capacity ecosystems' capacity to produce biological materials used by people and to absorb waste material generated by humans, under current management schemes and extraction technologies + capacité écologique + capacité des écosystèmes à produire des ressources biologiques utilisées par les individus ainsi qu'à absorber les déchets générés par l'activité humaine, dans le cadre des programmes de gestion actuels et des techniques d'extraction existantes + biocapacità + la capacità degli ecosistemi di produrre materia biologica utile e di assorbire rifiuti generati dall’uomo, usando le pratiche agricole dominanti e la tecnologia prevalente + biocapaciteit + het vermogen van een ecosysteem om biologische materialen te produceren die worden gebruikt door mensen en om het door mensen geproduceerde afval op te nemen, volgens de actuele beheersystemen en extractietechnieken + ökologische Kapazität + Kapazität des Ökosystems, biologische Materialien herzustellen, die von Menschen verbraucht werden, und Abfallmaterialien zu absorbieren, die von Menschen erzeugt werden, unter Berücksichtigung aktueller Managementsysteme und Extraktionstechnologien + + @@ -13277,6 +26585,17 @@ facilities ecological civilisation balancing economic development and the protection of nature + civilisation écologique + trouver le juste équilibre entre le développement économique et la protection de la nature + civiltà ecologica + il giusto equilibrio fra sviluppo economico e tutela della natura + ecologische beschaving + evenwicht tussen economische ontwikkeling en de bescherming van de natuur + ökologische Zivilisation + Streben nach einem Gleichgewicht zwischen Wirtschaftsentwicklung und Naturschutz + + + @@ -13285,11 +26604,21 @@ facilities ecological corridor A corridor as a narrow, linear (or near-linear) piece of habitat that connects two larger patches of habitat that are surrounded by a nonhabitat matrix, thereby facilitating movements of animals and dispersal of plants and other organsisms. + ecological footprint - A measure of how much area of biologically productive land and water an individual, population or activity requires to produce all the resources it consumes and to absorb the waste it generates, using prevailing technology and resource management practices. The Ecological Footprint is usually measured in global hectares. + area of productive land and water ecosystems required to produce the resources that the population consumes and assimilate the wastes that the population produces, wherever on Earth the land and water is located + empreinte écologique + surface de terre productive et d'écosystèmes aquatiques nécessaires à la production des ressources utilisées et à l'assimilation des déchets produits par la population, quel que soit l'endroit sur la planète où se situent ces terres et écosystèmes + impronta ecologica + area totale di terreni produttivi ed ecosistemi acquatici richiesta per produrre le risorse che la popolazione umana consuma ed assimilare i rifiuti che la popolazione stessa produce, in ogni parte del pianeta terra + ecologische voetafdruk + oppervlakte aan productieve land- en waterecosystemen die nodig is om de hulpbronnen te produceren die de bevolking gebruikt en het afval dat die bevolking produceert, te kunnen verwerken, waar op aarde de grond en het water zich ook bevinden + ökologischer Fußabdruck + Bereich produktiver Land- und Wasserökosysteme, die zur Herstellung der von der Bevölkerung verbrauchten Ressourcen und zur Aufnahme der von der Bevölkerung erzeugten Abfälle notwendig sind, ohne Berücksichtigung der Lage dieser Land- und Wasserflächen auf der Erde + @@ -13300,6 +26629,17 @@ facilities ecological resilience ability of an ecological or socio-ecological system and its components to anticipate, reduce, accommodate, or recover from the effects of a hazardous event or trend in a timely and efficient manner + résilience écologique + capacité d'un système écologique ou socio-écologique et de ses composantes à anticiper, réduire, s'adapter à ou surmonter les effets d'un évènement ou d'une tendance présentant un danger de façon rapide et efficace + resilienza ecologica + la capacità di un sistema ecologico o socio-ecologico e dei suoi componenti di anticipare, ridurre, accogliere o riprendersi dagli effetti di tendenze o eventi pericolosi in modo tempestivo ed efficiente + ecologische veerkracht + vermogen van een ecologisch of sociaalecologisch systeem en de componenten ervan om tijdig en efficiënt de gevolgen van een gevaarlijke gebeurtenis of tendens te voorzien, te beperken, ermee om te gaan of ervan te herstellen + ökologische Widerstandsfähigkeit + Fähigkeit eines ökologischen oder sozioökologischen Systems und seiner Bestandteile, die Auswirkungen gefährlicher Ereignisse oder Entwicklungen schnell und effizient vorherzusehen, zu reduzieren, auf sie zu reagieren und sich von ihnen zu erholen + + + @@ -13317,9 +26657,11 @@ facilities coastal area The areas of land and sea bordering the shoreline and extending seaward through the breaker zone. zone côtière - Küstengebiet - kustgebied zona costiera + kustgebied + Küstengebiet + + @@ -13330,6 +26672,9 @@ facilities ecological status Expression of the quality of the structure and functioning of aquatic ecosystems associated with surface waters, classified in accordance with Annex V of the Water Framework Directive. + + + @@ -13342,6 +26687,7 @@ facilities economic resilience Ability of an economy to withstand or recover from the effects of exogeneous shocks + @@ -13352,12 +26698,29 @@ facilities ecosystem assessment Social process through which the findings of science concerning the causes of ecosystem change, their consequences for human well-being, and management and policy options are brought to bear on the needs of decision-makers + + + ecosystem boundary Spatial delimitation of an ecosystem, typically based on discontinuities in the distribution of organisms, the biophysical environment (soil types, drainage basins, depth in a water body), and spatial interactions (home ranges, migration patterns, fluxes of matter) + confine di ecosistema + la delimitazione spaziale di un ecosistema, che si basa in genere sulla discontinuità nella distribuzione degli organismi, l'ambiente biofisico (tipi di suolo, bacini di drenaggio, profondità di un corpo idrico) e le interazioni spaziali (home range, modelli di migrazione, flussi di materia) + ecosysteemgrenzen + ruimtelijke afbakening van een ecosysteem, doorgaans gebaseerd op onderbrekingen in de verspreiding van organismen, de biofysische omgeving (bodemtypes, stroomgebieden, diepte in een waterlichaam) en ruimtelijke interacties (activiteitsgebieden, migratiepatronen, materiestromen) + Ökosystemgrenze + räumliche Abgrenzung eines Ökosystems, in der Regel basierend auf Unterbrechungen in der Verteilung der Organismen, der biophysikalischen Umgebung (Bodenarten, Einzugsgebiete, Tiefe eines Wasserkörpers) und den räumlichen Interaktionen (Reviere, Wanderverhalten, Stoffflüsse) + + + + + + + + @@ -13366,6 +26729,16 @@ facilities ecosystem interaction exchanges of materials, energy, and information within and among ecosystems + interactions des écosystèmes + échange de matière, d'énergie et d'informations au sein des écosystèmes et entre ceux-ci + interazione ecosistemica + scambi di materiali, energia e informazioni all'interno di un ecosistema e tra ecosistemi + ecosysteeminteractie + uitwisselingen van materialen, energie en informatie in en tussen ecosystemen + Ökosysteminteraktion + Austausch von Materialien, Energie und Informationen innerhalb und zwischen Ökosystemen + + @@ -13374,6 +26747,8 @@ facilities ecosystem management integrated process to conserve and improve ecosystem health that sustains ecosystem services + + @@ -13382,12 +26757,18 @@ facilities ecosystem process intrinsic ecosystem characteristic whereby an ecosystem maintains its integrity + + + + ecosystem resilience capacity of an ecosystem to tolerate disturbance without collapsing into a qualitatively or quantitatively different state that is controlled by a different set of processes + + @@ -13397,12 +26778,24 @@ facilities ecosystem services benefits that people obtain from ecosystems contributing to human well-being + services écosystémiques + bienfaits que les hommes obtiennent des écosystèmes et qui contribuent au bien-être humain + servizi ecosistemici + i vantaggi che gli ecosistemi forniscono alle persone contribuendo al loro benessere + ecosysteemdiensten + voordelen die mensen genieten van ecosystemen die bijdragen aan het menselijk welzijn + Ökosystemdienstleistungen + Vorteile, die Menschen dadurch erhalten, dass Ökosysteme zu ihrem Wohl beitragen + + ecosystem stability system's ability to minimize dynamic fluctuation and to defy change focusing on the ability to resist exotic species, temporal stability, resistance and resilience + + @@ -13412,6 +26805,16 @@ facilities ecosystem vulnerability Exposure to contingencies and stress, and the difficulty in coping with them + vulnérabilité des écosystèmes + exposition à des imprévus et à du stress, et difficulté à y faire face + vulnerabilità ecosistemica + esposizione a rischi e stress e la difficoltà nel farvi fronte + ecosysteemkwetsbaarheid + blootstelling aan risico's en stress en de moeilijkheid daarmee om te gaan + Ökosystemanfälligkeit + Exposition gegenüber unvorhergesehenen Ereignissen und Beanspruchung und die Schwierigkeit beim Umgang mit ihnen + + @@ -13420,6 +26823,8 @@ facilities ecosystem-based approach strategy for the integrated management of land, water, and living resources that promotes conservation and sustainable use based on the application of appropriate scientific methods focused on levels of biological organization, which encompass the essential structure, processes, functions, and interactions among organisms and their environment + + @@ -13427,24 +26832,47 @@ facilities ecosystem-based management approach to maintaining or restoring the composition, structure, function, and delivery of services of natural and modified ecosystems for the goal of achieving sustainability, based on an adaptive, collaboratively developed vision of desired future conditions that integrates ecological, socioeconomic, and institutional perspectives, applied within a geographic framework, and defined primarily by natural ecological boundaries + + effectiveness evaluation - comparing the effects of a measure (i.e., outcomes and/or impacts) to its explicitly stated objectives + comparing the effects of a measure, its outcomes and/or impacts, to its explicitly stated objectives + évaluation de l'efficacité + comparaison des effets d'une mesure, de ses résultats et/ou de son incidence avec ses objectifs explicites + valutazione dell'efficacia + mettere a confronto gli effetti di una misura, i suoi risultati e/o impatti, con gli obiettivi dichiarati esplicitamente + effectiviteitsbeoordeling + het vergelijken van de effecten van een maatregel, de resultaten en/of gevolgen, met de uitdrukkelijk gestelde doelstellingen ervan + Effektivitätsbewertung + Vergleich der Auswirkungen einer Maßnahme, ihrer Ergebnisse und/oder Folgen mit ihren ausdrücklich festgelegten Zielen + efficient material use providing material services with less material through recyclability, element reusability and waste reduction + + + emission allowance - entitlement to emit a tonne of carbon dioxide or an amount of any other greenhouse gas with an equivalent global warming potential during a specified period + entitlement to emit a tonne of carbon dioxide, or an amount of any other greenhouse gas with an equivalent global warming potential, during a specified period + quota d'émission + autorisation d'émettre une tonne de dioxyde de carbone, ou de tout autre gaz à effet de serre présentant un potentiel de réchauffement planétaire équivalent, au cours d'une période spécifiée + quota di emissione + il diritto di emettere una tonnellata di biossido di carbonio, o una quantità di qualsiasi altro gas serra con un potenziale equivalente di riscaldamento globale, per un periodo determinato + emissierecht + recht om gedurende een bepaalde periode één ton kooldioxide, of een hoeveelheid van een ander broeikasgas met een gelijkwaardig aardopwarmingspotentieel, uit te stoten + Emissionsberechtigung + Anspruch auf Emission einer Tonne Kohlendioxid oder einer Menge eines beliebigen anderen Treibhausgases mit einem gleichwertigen Treibhauspotenzial während eines bestimmten Zeitraums + @@ -13453,6 +26881,8 @@ facilities emission allowance trading Tradable-permit system in which a greenhouse gases emitter (firm or country under obligation to limit its total air pollution emissions to a specified level) can buy/sell permission to emit a certain amount of emissions from/to other emitters (who are below/above their limit) + + @@ -13461,6 +26891,7 @@ facilities emission estimation the process of calculating emissions and/or removals + @@ -13476,6 +26907,20 @@ facilities emission levels quantified emission limitation or reduction commitments, expressed in tonnes of carbon dioxide equivalent, for the purpose of determining the emission levels allocated to the Community and its Member States subject to Article 4 of the Kyoto Protocol + quantités d'émissions + engagements chiffrés de limitation ou de réduction des +émissions, expri- +més en tonnes équivalent dioxyde de carbone, afin d'établir les quantités d'émissions attri- +buées respectivement à la Communauté européenne et +à ses États membres conformément à l'article 4 du proto- +cole de Kyoto + livello di emissione + impegni quantificati di limitazione o riduzione delle emissioni, espressi in tonnellate di CO2 equivalente, allo scopo di stabilire i livelli di emissione rispettivamente assegnati all'Unione europea e ai suoi Stati membri in conformità dell'articolo 4 del protocollo di Kyoto + emissieniveau + gekwantificeerde verplichtingen inzake emissiebeperking of -reductie, uitgedrukt in ton kooldioxide-equivalent, voor de vaststelling van de respectieve emissieniveaus die met inachtneming van artikel 4 van het Protocol van Kyoto aan de Europese Gemeenschap en haar lidstaten zijn toegewezen + Emissionsmengen + quantifizierte Emissionsbegrenzungs- und -reduktionsverpflichtungen, die als Tonnen Kohlendioxidäquivalent ausgedrückt werden, zur Bestimmung der Emissionsmengen, die der Gemeinschaft und ihren Mitgliedstaaten entsprechend Artikel 4 des Kyoto-Protokolls zugeteilt werden + @@ -13487,7 +26932,16 @@ equivalent, for the purpose of determining the emission levels allocated to the emissions trading scheme - key policy tool to ensure that countries reach their greenhouse reduction targets and emissions are cut where it costs least to do so. + key policy tool to ensure that Europe and other countries reach their greenhouse reduction targets, with the least cost, by changing pricing systems, essential for triggering the resource‑efficient green economy transformation process with the EU Emissions Trading Scheme(EU ETS) as the pillar of the future global carbon market + système d'échange de quotas d'émission + instrument politique clé destiné à veiller à ce que les pays européens et les pays tiers atteignent leurs objectifs de réduction des gaz à effet de serre à moindre coût, en modifiant les systèmes de tarification, ce qui est essentiel pour déclencher le processus de transformation vers une économie verte utilisant efficacement les ressources, le système d'échange de quotas d'émission de l'Union européenne (SEQE-UE) constituant le pilier du futur marché mondial du carbone + sistema di scambio di quote di emissione + strumento politico chiave per garantire che l'Europa e altri paesi conseguano i loro obiettivi di riduzione dei gas a effetto serra, al minor costo e modificando i sistemi di fissazione dei prezzi, indispensabili per innescare il processo di trasformazione verso un'economia sostenibile ed efficiente in materia di gestione delle risorse, con i sistemi di scambio di quote di emissioni (EU ETS) come pilastro del futuro mercato globale del carbonio + regeling voor de emissiehandel + belangrijk beleidsinstrument om ervoor te zorgen dat Europa en andere landen tegen zo laag mogelijke kosten hun nagestreefde broeikasgasemissiereductie halen door de beprijzingsstelsels aan te passen, wat van essentieel belang is om het hulpbronnenefficiënt transformatieproces van de groene economie met de EU-regeling voor de emissiehandel (EU ETS) als de pijler van de toekomstige mondiale koolstofmarkt in gang te zetten + Emissionshandelssystem + zentrales politisches Instrument, mit dem sichergestellt wird, dass Europa und andere Länder ihre Zielvorgaben für die Treibhausgasreduktion durch die Veränderung von Preissystemen möglichst kostengünstig erfüllen, was unverzichtbar ist, um den Umwandlungsprozess in eine ressourcenschonende, umweltgerechte Wirtschaft auszulösen, wobei das Emissionshandelssystem der EU (EU-EHS) als Grundpfeiler des zukünftigen weltweiten Kohlenstoffmarktes dient + @@ -13500,9 +26954,11 @@ equivalent, for the purpose of determining the emission levels allocated to the coastal development Concentration of human settlements, infrastructures and economical activities along the coasts, being these areas very favourable for trade, communication and marine resources exploitation; the impact of the accelerated population growth and of the industrial and touristic development in these areas has caused the disruption of the ecological integrity of the coastal zones. développement du littoral - Küstenentwicklung - kustontwikkeling sviluppo lungo la costa + kustontwikkeling + Küstenentwicklung + + @@ -13510,6 +26966,8 @@ equivalent, for the purpose of determining the emission levels allocated to the energy intake total number of calories taken in daily whether ingested or by parenteral routes + + @@ -13518,12 +26976,26 @@ equivalent, for the purpose of determining the emission levels allocated to the environment action programme programme which provides the framework for European Union action in the field of the environment + programme d'action pour l'environnement + programme qui définit le cadre de l'action de l'Union européenne dans le domaine de l'environnement + programma di azione per l’ambiente + programma che istituisce un quadro per l’azione dell'UE in materia di ambiente + milieuactieprogramma + programma dat het kader verschaft voor het milieuoptreden van de Europese Unie + Umweltaktionsprogramm + Programm, das den Rahmen für die Tätigkeit der Europäischen Union im Umweltbereich bildet + + environment reporting presentation of unbiased scientific data and information relating to the environment, providing insights into the state of the environment, to provide the basis for informed decision making so that individuals and policy-makers can take positive action + + + + @@ -13534,12 +27006,15 @@ equivalent, for the purpose of determining the emission levels allocated to the environmental burden any activity affecting the environment or any consequence of such activity which, exclusively or simultaneously, has caused or continues to cause environmental pollution, environmental risk or the use of a natural asset + environmental degradation Environmental degradation is a process through which the natural environment is compromised in some way, reducing biological diversity and the general health of the environment. This process can be entirely natural in origin, or it can be accelerated or caused by human activities. Many international organizations recognize environmental degradation as one of the major threats facing the planet, since humans have only been given one Earth to work with, and if the environment becomes irreparably compromised, it could mean the end of human existence. + + @@ -13552,7 +27027,18 @@ equivalent, for the purpose of determining the emission levels allocated to the environmental footprint - The effect that a person, company, activity, etc. has on the environment, for example the amount of natural resources that they use and the amount of harmful gases that they produce + environmental impact of a product, a service, and/or a company, over its lifecycle + empreinte environnementale + impact environnemental d'un produit, d'un service et/ou d'une entreprise tout au long de son cycle de vie + impronta ambientale + impatto ambientale dei prodotti, dei servizi e/o delle aziende nel corso del loro ciclo di vita + milieuvoetafdruk + de milieueffecten van een product, dienst en/of onderneming gedurende zijn/haar levenscyclus + Auswirkungen auf die Umwelt + Umwelteinfluss eines Produktes, einer Dienstleistung und/oder eines Unternehmens während des gesamten Lebenszyklus + + + @@ -13563,6 +27049,15 @@ equivalent, for the purpose of determining the emission levels allocated to the environmental governance rules, processes and behaviour that affect the way powers are exercised at European level in the field of environmental policies, particularly as regards openness, participation, accountability, effectiveness and coherence + gouvernance environnementale + règles, processus et comportements qui affectent l'exercice du pouvoir au niveau européen dans le domaine des politiques environnementales, en particulier en ce qui concerne l'ouverture, la participation, la responsabilité, l'efficacité et la cohérence + governance ambientale + norme, processi e comportamenti che influiscono sul modo in cui viene esercitato il potere a livello europeo nell'ambito delle politiche ambientali, in particolare per quanto riguarda apertura, partecipazione, responsabilità, efficacia e coerenza + ecologisch bestuur + regels, processen en gedragingen die van invloed zijn op de manier waarop bevoegdheden op Europees niveau worden uitgeoefend op het vlak van milieubeleid, met name wat betreft openheid, betrokkenheid, verantwoordingsplicht, doeltreffendheid en samenhang + Umweltmanagement + Regeln, Prozesse und Verhaltensweisen, die, vor allem im Hinblick auf Offenheit, Teilnahme, Rechenschaftspflicht, Effizienz und Kohärenz, die Ausübung von Befugnissen auf europäischer Ebene im Bereich Umweltpolitik beeinflussen + @@ -13577,6 +27072,7 @@ equivalent, for the purpose of determining the emission levels allocated to the environmental health risks any environmental factor that might give rise to the damage of human or animal health + @@ -13592,6 +27088,8 @@ equivalent, for the purpose of determining the emission levels allocated to the environmental management system Set of processes and practices that enable an organization to reduce its environmental impacts and increase its operating efficiency + + @@ -13603,21 +27101,34 @@ equivalent, for the purpose of determining the emission levels allocated to the coastal ecosystem Marine environments bounded by the coastal land margin (seashore) and the continental shelf 100-200 m below sea level. Ecologically, the coastal and nearshore zones grade from shallow water depths, influenced by the adjacent landmass and input from coastal rivers and estuaries, to the continental shelf break, where oceanic processes predominate. Among the unique marine ecosystems associated with coastal and nearshore waterbodies are seaweed-dominated communities, coral reefs and upwellings. écosystème côtier - Küstenökosystem - kustecosysteem ecosistema litoraneo + kustecosysteem + Küstenökosystem + + + environmental pressure Pressures resulting from human activities which bring about changes in the state of the environment + - environmental regulations - Actions trying to reduce the damages to either ecosystems, resources or people more generally arising from human activity + environmental regulation + laws to reduce the damages to ecosystems, resources, or people more generally, arising from human activity + règlements environnementaux + lois destinées à réduire les dommages causés par l'activité humaine aux écosystèmes, aux ressources ou, de manière plus générale, à l'humanité + normativa ambientale + leggi intese a ridurre i danni nei confronti degli ecosistemi, delle risorse o, più in generale, delle persone e derivanti dalle attività umane + milieuvoorschriften + wetten om de schade aan ecosystemen, hulpbronnen of mensen in het algemeen, die het gevolg is van menselijke activiteit, te beperken + Umweltvorschriften + Rechtsvorschriften zur Reduzierung von Schäden an Ökosystemen, Ressourcen oder Personen im Allgemeinen, die durch menschliche Tätigkeiten entstehen + @@ -13629,12 +27140,24 @@ equivalent, for the purpose of determining the emission levels allocated to the environmental space - The quantity of energy, water, land, non-renewable raw materials and wood used in a sustainable fashion + quantity of energy, water, land, non-renewable raw materials and wood used in a sustainable fashion + espace environnemental + quantité d'énergie, d'eau, de terres, de matières premières non renouvelables et de bois utilisés de manière durable + spazio ambientale + quantità di energia, acqua, suolo, legno e materie prime non rinnovabili utilizzati in maniera sostenibile + milieugebruiksruimte + hoeveelheid energie, water, grond, niet-hernieuwbare grondstoffen en hout die op een duurzame manier wordt gebruikt + Umweltraum + Menge an Energie, Wasser, Fläche, nicht erneuerbaren Rohstoffen und Holz, die nachhaltig genutzt werden kann + + environmental sustainability A state in which the demands placed on the environment can be met without reducing its capacity to allow all people to live well, now and in the future. + + @@ -13643,7 +27166,16 @@ equivalent, for the purpose of determining the emission levels allocated to the EU emissions trading scheme - cap-and-trade scheme and the core instrument for Kyoto compliance in the EU, launched in January 2005 + largest cap-and-trade scheme in the world and the core instrument for Kyoto compliance in the EU, launched in January 2005 + système d'échange de quotas d'émission de l'Union européenne + plus important système de plafonnement et d'échange dans le monde et principal instrument de mise en conformité avec les objectifs de Kyoto dans l'UE, lancé en janvier 2015 + sistema di scambio di quote di emissione dell'UE + il più grande sistema al mondo per la limitazione e lo scambio di carbonio e lo strumento principale dell'UE per rispettare l'accordo di Kyoto; è stato avviato nel gennaio 2005 + EU-regeling voor de emissiehandel + s werelds omvangrijkste regeling inzake uitstootbeperking en emissiehandel, het kerninstrument om de naleving van het Protocol van Kyoto in de EU te waarborgen, van start gegaan in januari 2005 + Emissionshandelssystem der EU + weltweit größtes Handelssystem mit festen Emissionsobergrenzen und das zentrale Instrument für die Einhaltung des Kyoto-Protokolls in der EU, im Januar 2005 eingeführt + @@ -13653,7 +27185,17 @@ equivalent, for the purpose of determining the emission levels allocated to the European Environmental Information and Observation Network - European environment information and observation network aiming at providing timely and quality-assured data, information and expertise for assessing both the state of the environment in Europe and the pressures and driving forces acting upon it + partnership network of the European Environment Agency (EEA) and its member and cooperating countries aiming to provide timely and quality-assured data, information and expertise for assessing the state of the environment in Europe and the pressures acting upon it by enabling policy-makers to decide on appropriate measures for protecting the environment at national and European level and to monitor the effectiveness of policies and measures implemented + réseau européen d'information et d'observation pour l'environnement + réseau de partenariat de l'Agence européenne pour l'environnement (AEE) et de ses pays membres et coopérants qui vise à fournir des données, des informations et une expertise de qualité et en temps opportun pour évaluer l'état de l'environnement en Europe et les pressions subies par celui-ci en permettant aux décideurs politiques d'adopter des mesures appropriées pour la protection de l'environnement au niveau national et européen et d'évaluer l'efficacité des politiques et des mesures mises en place + Rete europea di informazione e osservazione ambientale + rete di partenariato dell'Agenzia europea dell'ambiente (AEA) e dei suoi membri e paesi cooperanti intesa a fornire dati tempestivi e di qualità garantita, informazioni e competenze per la valutazione dello stato dell'ambiente in Europa e le pressioni che agiscono su di esso, consentendo ai responsabili politici di decidere le misure appropriate al fine di proteggere l'ambiente a livello nazionale ed europeo e monitorare l'efficacia delle politiche e delle misure attuate + Europees milieuobservatie- en informatienetwerk + samenwerkingsverband tussen het Europees Milieuagentschap (EMA) en de aangesloten en samenwerkende landen, met het doel actuele en correcte gegevens, informatie en deskundigheid te leveren om de toestand van het milieu in Europa en de bedreigingen waaraan het onderhevig is, te evalueren door beleidsmakers in staat te stellen passende maatregelen te nemen om het milieu op nationaal en Europees niveau te beschermen en de effectiviteit van maatregelen en beleid te bewaken + Europäisches Umweltinformations- und Umweltbeobachtungsnetz + Partnerschaftsnetzwerk der Europäischen Umweltagentur (EUA) sowie ihrer Mitgliedsländer und teilnehmenden Länder, das das Ziel hat, aktuelle und qualitätsgesicherte Daten, Informationen und Fachkenntnisse zur Bewertung des Zustands und der Belastungen der Umwelt in Europa bereitzustellen, indem es politischen Entscheidungsträgern ermöglicht, über geeignete Maßnahmen für den Schutz der Umwelt auf nationaler und europäischer Ebene zu entscheiden und die Effektivität durchgeführter Strategien und Maßnahmen zu überwachen + + @@ -13661,6 +27203,16 @@ equivalent, for the purpose of determining the emission levels allocated to the ex-situ conservation Conservation of components of biological diversity outside their natural habitats + conservation ex situ + conservation d'éléments de la diversité biologique en dehors de leur milieu naturel + conservazione ex situ + conservazione degli elementi della diversità biologica al di fuori dei loro habitat naturali + behoud ex situ + behoud van bestanddelen van de biologische diversiteit buiten hun natuurlijke habitats + Ex-situ-Erhaltung + Erhaltung von Bestandteilen der biologischen Vielfalt außerhalb ihrer natürlichen Lebensräume + + @@ -13671,6 +27223,8 @@ equivalent, for the purpose of determining the emission levels allocated to the feedback loop vicious or virtuous circle accelerating or decelerating a warming trend in climate change + + @@ -13678,6 +27232,17 @@ equivalent, for the purpose of determining the emission levels allocated to the fertiliser consumption Sum of nitrogen (N), phosphate (P2O5) and potash (K2O) used in agriculture + consommation d'engrais + total d'azote (N), de phosphate (P2O5) et de potasse (K2O) utilisé dans l'agriculture + consumo di fertilizzanti + somma di azoto (AND), fosfato (P2O5) e ossido di potassio (K2O) utilizzati in agricoltura + messtofgebruik + totale hoeveelheid stikstof (N), fosfaat (P2O5) en kaliumcarbonaat (K2O) die wordt gebruikt in de landbouw + Düngemittelverbrauch + Summe an Stickstoff (N), Phosphat (P2O5) und Kaliumoxid (K2O), die in der Landwirtschaft verwendet werden + + + @@ -13690,6 +27255,8 @@ equivalent, for the purpose of determining the emission levels allocated to the fishing revenue income from catching, taking or harvesting of fish + + @@ -13698,15 +27265,20 @@ equivalent, for the purpose of determining the emission levels allocated to the coastal environment The areas where the land masses meet the seas. Coastal environments include tidal wetlands, estuaries, bays, shallow near-shore waters, mangrove swamps, and in-shore reef systems. The critical habitats of these zones are: feeding, breeding, nursery, and resting areas. Coastal areas throughout the world are under enormous environmental stress, which is caused by a wide range of factors, including pollution and the destruction and deterioration of marine habitats. environnement côtier - Küstenregion - kustmilieu ambiente costiero + kustmilieu + Küstenregion + + + flash flood A flood of short duration with a relatively high peak discharge usually having less than 6 hours between the occurrence of the rainfall and the peak. + + @@ -13715,7 +27287,17 @@ equivalent, for the purpose of determining the emission levels allocated to the flood hazard - Combination of the probability of flooding and the corresponding exposure characteristics like flood depth, velocity, duration, rise rate, period of occurrence and water quality + combination of the probability of flooding and corresponding exposure characteristics such as flood depth, velocity, duration, rise rate, period of occurrence and water quality + risque d'inondation + combinaison de la probabilité d'inondation et des caractéristiques d'exposition correspondantes telles que la hauteur d'eau, la vitesse du courant, la durée, la vitesse de montée des eaux, la fréquence et la qualité des eaux + pericolosità da alluvione + combinazione della probabilità di alluvione e delle corrispondenti caratteristiche di esposizione come la profondità, la velocità, la durata dell'alluvione, la velocità di salita, il periodo e la qualità dell'acqua + overstromingsgevaar + combinatie van de waarschijnlijkheid van een overstroming en de daarmee verbonden blootstellingskenmerken, zoals overstromingsdiepte, snelheid, duur, stijgsnelheid, periode en waterkwaliteit + Hochwassergefahr + Kombination aus der Hochwasserwahrscheinlichkeit und den entsprechenden Risikomerkmalen, wie Höhe des Wassers, Geschwindigkeit, Dauer, Anstiegsrate, Ereigniszeitraum und Wasserqualität + + @@ -13726,7 +27308,17 @@ equivalent, for the purpose of determining the emission levels allocated to the flood prevention - Preventing damage caused by floods by avoiding construction of houses and industries in present and future flood-prone areas; by adapting future developments to the risk of flooding; and by promoting appropriate land-use, agricultural and forestry practices + preventing damage caused by floods by avoiding the construction of houses and industries in present and future flood-prone areas, as well as by adapting future developments to the risk of flooding and by promoting appropriate land-use, agricultural and forestry practices + prévention des inondations + prévention de dommages causés par les inondations en évitant la construction de maisons et d'industries dans des zones actuelles et futures qui sont sensibles aux inondations ainsi qu'en adaptant les développements futurs aux risques d'inondation et en promouvant une utilisation des sols appropriée et des pratiques agricoles et forestières + prevenzione delle inondazioni + prevenire i danni causati da inondazioni, evitando la costruzione di case e industrie in aree che presentano attualmente un rischio d'inondazione o possono presentarlo in futuro, nonché adattando i futuri sviluppi al rischio di inondazioni e promuovendo pratiche agricole, forestali e di uso del suolo appropriate + overstromingspreventie + het voorkomen van schade ten gevolge van overstromingen door geen huizen en bedrijfsgebouwen in actuele en toekomstige overstromingsgevoelige gebieden te bouwen en toekomstige ontwikkelingen aan te passen aan het overstromingsrisico en door gepaste praktijken inzake bodemgebruik, land- en bosbouw te bevorderen + Hochwasservermeidung + Vermeidung von Hochwasserschäden, indem möglichst keine Häuser oder Industrien in aktuell und zukünftig hochwassergefährdeten Gebieten gebaut werden, zukünftige Projekte an das Hochwasserrisiko angepasst werden und geeignete Flächennutzungspraktiken sowie land- und forstwirtschaftliche Verfahren gefördert werden + + @@ -13736,7 +27328,16 @@ equivalent, for the purpose of determining the emission levels allocated to the flood risk management - The attempt to reduce the likelihood and/or the impact of floods. + continuous and holistic societal analysis, assessment and reduction of flood risk + gestion des risques d'inondation + analyse sociétale, évaluation et réduction continue et globale des risques d'inondation + gestione del rischio di alluvione + analisi continua e olistica della società, la valutazione e la riduzione del rischio di alluvione + overstromingsrisicobeheer + voortdurende en allesomvattende maatschappelijke analyse, beoordeling en vermindering van het overstromingsrisico + Management von Hochwasserrisiken + kontinuierliche und ganzheitliche Gesellschaftsanalyse, Bewertung und Verringerung des Hochwasserrisikos + @@ -13745,7 +27346,16 @@ equivalent, for the purpose of determining the emission levels allocated to the food waste - A decrease, at all stages of the food chain from harvest to consumption, in mass, of food that was originally intended for human consumption, regardless of the cause + waste composed of raw or cooked food materials and includes food materials discarded before, during or after food preparation, in the process of manufacturing, distribution, retail or food service activities, and includes materials such as vegetable peelings, meat trimmings, and spoiled or excess ingredients or prepared food + déchets alimentaires + déchets composés d'aliments crus ou cuits, dont des aliments jetés avant, pendant ou après la préparation dans le cadre de la fabrication, de la distribution, de la vente au détail ou des activités de restauration, et qui comprennent des éléments tels qu' épluchures de légumes, des abats de boucherie, des ingrédients avariés ou en excédent ou des aliments préparés + rifiuto alimentare + rifiuti composti da alimenti cotti o crudi, che comprendono materiali alimentari scartati prima, durante o dopo la preparazione dei cibi, durante il processo di produzione, distribuzione, vendita al dettaglio o servizi di ristorazione, e comprendenti materiali come bucce di vegetali, ritagli di carne, e ingredienti o alimenti preparati deteriorati o in eccesso + voedselafval + afval bestaande uit rauwe of bereide voedingsmaterialen, waaronder levensmiddelen die worden weggegooid voor, tijdens of na de voedselbereiding bij productie-, distributie-, retail- of voedingsdienstactiviteiten, waaronder substanties als groenteschillen, vleesafsnijdsels en bedorven of overtollige ingrediënten of bereid voedsel + Lebensmittelabfälle + Abfall, der aus rohen oder zubereiteten Lebensmitteln besteht, einschließlich Lebensmitteln, die vor, während oder nach der Zubereitung, beim Herstellungsprozess, im Vertrieb, im Einzelhandel oder in der Gastronomie entsorgt werden, darunter Gemüseschalen, Fleischabschnitte sowie verdorbene oder überschüssige Zutaten oder Lebensmittelzubereitungen + @@ -13759,9 +27369,16 @@ equivalent, for the purpose of determining the emission levels allocated to the forest biodiversity - All life forms found within forested areas and the ecological roles they perform. As such, forest biological diversity encompasses not just trees, but -the multitude of plants, animals and micro-organisms that inhabit forest areas and their associated -genetic diversity. + all life forms found within forested areas and the ecological roles they perform + biodiversité forestière + toutes les formes de vie trouvées dans les zones forestières et leur rôle dans la nature + biodiversità forestale + tutte le forme di vita presenti all'interno di aree boschive e il ruolo ecologico che le stesse svolgono + bosbiodiversiteit + alle levensvormen in bosgebieden en de ecologische functies die ze vervullen + Biodiversität im Wald + alle Lebensformen in bewaldeten Flächen und ihre ökologischen Funktionen + @@ -13771,7 +27388,16 @@ genetic diversity. forested land - Land with tree crown cover (or equivalent stocking level) of more than 10 per cent and an area of more than 0.5 hectares. The trees should be able to reach a minimum height of 5 metres at maturity in situ. + under cultivated land or non-cultivated stands of trees of a size of more than 0.5 hectares with crown cover of more than 10 per cent and on which trees are able to grow to a height of 5 metes or more at maturity + terre boisée + Terre sous-cultivé ou peuplée d'arbres non cultivés de plus de 0,5 hectares dont le couvert est de plus de 10 pour cent et sur lequel les arbres peuvent grandir jusqu'à une hauteur de 5 mètres ou plus à maturité + terreno boschivo + terre insufficientemente coltivate o non coltivate con alberi, di dimensioni superiori a 0,5 ettari con una copertura arborea superiore al 10 percento e su cui gli alberi possono crescere fino a un'altezza di 5 metri o più una volta raggiunta la maturità + bebost gebied + ondergecultiveerd gebied of niet-gecultiveerde bomengroep met een oppervlakte van meer dan 0,5 hectare en met een kroonbedekking van meer dan 10 %, waarop bomen staan die in volwassen staat een hoogte van minimaal vijf meter kunnen bereiken + forstwirtschaftlich genutzte Flächen + kultivierte Flächen oder nicht kultivierte Baumbestände mit einer Fläche von mehr als 0,5 ha, wobei die Baumkronen mehr als 10 % bedecken und Bäume 5 m hoch oder höher werden können + @@ -13785,6 +27411,17 @@ genetic diversity. fossil fuel consumption total of the petroleum, coal and natural gas consumption + consommation de combustibles fossiles + consommation totale de pétrole, de charbon et de gaz naturel + consumo di combustibili fossili + consumo totale di petrolio, carbone e gas naturale + verbruik van fossiele brandstoffen + totale verbruik van aardolie, steenkool en aardgas + Verbrauch fossiler Brennstoffe + Gesamtverbrauch an Erdöl, Kohle und Erdgas + + + @@ -13793,6 +27430,9 @@ genetic diversity. fossil fuel gas + + + @@ -13802,6 +27442,8 @@ genetic diversity. freshwater quality Set of parameters considered to characterize the chemical, physical, and biological properties of freshwater + + @@ -13812,6 +27454,8 @@ genetic diversity. fuel gas any one of a number of fuels that under ordinary conditions are gaseous + + @@ -13819,7 +27463,16 @@ genetic diversity. functional food - Food consumed as part of the usual diet which fulfills a specific physiological function, providing health effects that go beyond traditional nutritional effects. + food that is taken as part of the usual diet and has beneficial effects that go beyond traditional nutritional effects + aliment fonctionnel + aliments ingérés dans le cadre de l'alimentation normale et possédant des bienfaits allant au-delà des effets nutritionnels traditionnels + alimento funzionale + cibo consumato nell'ambito della dieta abituale e ha effetti benefici che vanno oltre i tradizionali effetti nutrizionali + functionele voeding + voedsel dat genuttigd wordt als onderdeel van het normale dieet en heilzame effecten heeft die de traditionele voedingseffecten overstijgen + funktionelle Lebensmittel + Lebensmittel, die über die normale Ernährung aufgenommen werden und positive Auswirkungen haben, die über die herkömmliche ernährungsphysiologische Wirkung hinausgehen + @@ -13827,15 +27480,21 @@ genetic diversity. gas desulphurisation tbc + + + emission inventory Dataset of all emission estimates, typically expressed by source for a particular pollutant, for a particular location and for a defined time span + + + @@ -13853,6 +27512,7 @@ genetic diversity. genetic material genes and other hereditary material in any biological material that can be transferred to other organisms with or without the help of technology, except for human genetic material + @@ -13870,6 +27530,7 @@ genetic diversity. global climate Climate is the average weather, or more rigorously, the statistical description in terms of the mean and variability of relevant quantities over a period of time ranging from months to thousands or millions of years. The classical period for averaging these variables is 30 years, as defined by the World Meteorological Organization. IPCC 2013 + @@ -13879,6 +27540,7 @@ genetic diversity. global mean temperature increase Gradual increase in global surface temperature, observed or projected, as one of the consequences of radiative forcing caused by anthropogenic emissions. + @@ -13887,6 +27549,7 @@ genetic diversity. global megatrends a widespread and long-term social, economic, environmental, political or technological change, occurring at the global scale, that is slow to form but has a major impact once in place + @@ -13897,6 +27560,8 @@ genetic diversity. global temperature increase + + @@ -13913,14 +27578,22 @@ genetic diversity. coastal erosion The gradual wearing away of material from a coast by the action of sea water. érosion côtière - Küstenerosion - kusterosie erosione della costa + kusterosie + Küstenerosion + + good ecological status Status, when the values of the biological quality elements for the surface water body type show low levels of distortion resulting from human activity, but deviate only slightly from those normally associated with the surface water body type under undisturbed conditions. + + + + + + @@ -13928,6 +27601,15 @@ genetic diversity. green economy economy in which policies and innovations enable society to use resources efficiently, enhancing human well‑being in an inclusive manner, while maintaining the natural systems that sustain us + économie verte + économie dans laquelle les politiques et les innovations permettent à la société d'utiliser les ressources de manière efficace, ce qui contribue à renforcer le bien-être humain d'une manière globale tout en préservant les systèmes naturels qui pourvoient à notre subsistance + economia verde + economia in cui le politiche e le innovazioni permettono alla società di utilizzare le risorse in modo efficiente, migliorando il benessere umano in maniera inclusiva, pur mantenendo i sistemi naturali che ci sostengono + groene economie + economie waarin beleid en innovaties het doeltreffend gebruik van hulpbronnen in de samenleving mogelijk maken, het menselijke welzijn op inclusieve wijze verbeteren en tegelijk de natuurlijke systemen die ons ondersteunen, in stand houden + umweltgerechte Wirtschaft + Wirtschaft, in der politische Maßnahmen und Innovationen der Gesellschaft ermöglichen, Ressourcen effizient zu nutzen, wodurch das menschliche Wohlbefinden auf integrative Art und Weise gesteigert wird und gleichzeitig die natürlichen Systeme, von denen die Menschheit abhängt, erhalten werden + @@ -13937,8 +27619,26 @@ genetic diversity. - greenhouse gas emission - Emission of carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4), nitrous oxide (N2O) and fluorinated gases: hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs), perfluorocarbons (PFCs) and sulphur hexafluoride (SF6) + greenhouse gas emissions + emissions covered by the Kyoto Protocol including carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4), nitrous oxide (N2O) and three fluorinated gases, hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs), perfluorocarbons (PFCs) and sulphur hexafluoride (SF6) + émissions de gaz à effet de serre + émissions couvertes par le protocole de Kyoto comprenant les émissions de de dioxyde de carbone (CO2), de méthane (CH4), de protoxyde d'azote (N2O) et de trois gaz fluorés: les hydrocarbures fluorés (HFC), les perfluorocarbures (PFC) et l'hexafluorure de soufre (SF6) + emissione di gas a effetto serra + emissioni contemplate dal protocollo di Kyoto che includono biossido di carbonio (CO2), metano (CH4), protossido di azoto (N2O) e tre gas fluorurati, gli idrofluorocarburi (HFC), i perfluorocarburi (PFC) e l'esafluoruro di zolfo (SF6) + broeikasgasemissie + emissies waarop het Protocol van Kyoto betrekking heeft, waaronder van kooldioxide (CO2), methaan (CH4), stikstofoxide (N2O) en drie gefluoreerde gassen, fluorkoolwaterstoffen (HFK's), perfluorkoolstoffen (PFK's) en zwavelhexafluoride (SF6) + Treibhausgasemissionen + Emissionen, die im Kyoto-Protokoll aufgeführt sind, einschließlich Kohlendioxid (CO2), Methan (CH4) und Distickstoffoxid (N2O) sowie drei fluorierte Gase, teilhalogenierte Fluorkohlenwasserstoffe (HFKW), perfluorierte Kohlenwasserstoffe (FKW) und Schwefelhexafluorid (SF6) + + + + + + + + + + @@ -13959,6 +27659,8 @@ genetic diversity. greenhouse gas protocol international accounting tool for government and business leaders to understand, quantify, and manage greenhouse gas emissions + + @@ -13970,6 +27672,16 @@ genetic diversity. ground biomass All living biomass above the soil including stem, stump, branches, bark, seeds and foliage. + biomasse aérienne + toute biomasse vivante au-dessus du sol, y compris les tiges, les souches, les +branches, l’écorce, les graines et le feuillage + biomassa di superficie + tutta la biomassa vivente che si trova in superficie, compresi steli, ceppi, rami, cortecce, semi e foglie + bovengrondse biomassa + de totale hoeveelheid bovengronds organisch materiaal, met inbegrip van stammen, stronken, takken, schors, zaden, naalden en bladeren + oberirdische Biomasse + die gesamte lebende Biomasse oberhalb des Erdbodens einschließlich Stamm, Stumpf, Ästen, Rinde, Samen und Blattwerk + @@ -13983,17 +27695,31 @@ genetic diversity. ground-level ozone Ozone in the lowermost part of the troposphere + + habitat loss loss of suitable habitat for a given species such that the particular species no longer occurs in that area + + + habitats directive - Council Directive 92/43/EEC of 21 May 1992 on the conservation of natural habitats and of wild fauna and flora that ensures the conservation of a wide range of rare, threatened or endemic animal and plant species, as well as rare and characteristic habitat types. The directive evolved to reflect successive enlargements of the EU. A consolidated version of the directive of 2013 includes the latest versions of the annexes + Council Directive 92/43/EEC of 21 May 1992 on the conservation of natural habitats and of wild fauna and flora that ensures the conservation of a wide range of rare, threatened or endemic animal and plant species, as well as rare and characteristic habitat types for conservation in their own right + directive «Habitats» + directive 92/43/CEE du Conseil du 21 mai 1992 concernant la conservation des habitats naturels ainsi que de la faune et de la flore sauvages, qui garantit la conservation d'un large éventail d'espécèces animales et végétales rares, menacées ou endémiques, ainsi que des habitats caractéristiques pour une conservation à part entière + direttiva Habitat + direttiva 92/43/CEE del Consiglio, del 21 maggio 1992, relativa alla conservazione degli habitat naturali e della flora e fauna selvatiche, che garantisce la conservazione di una vasta gamma di specie rare, minacciate o di specie endemiche animali e vegetali, nonché di tipi di habitat rari e caratteristici per la loro conservazione in quanto tali + habitatrichtlijn + Richtlijn 92/43/EEG van de Raad van 21 mei 1992 inzake de instandhouding van de natuurlijke habitats en de wilde flora en fauna, die de instandhouding verzekert van een brede waaier zeldzame, bedreigde of endemische dier- en plantsoorten, alsmede zeldzame en karakteristieke typen habitats wegens hun intrinsieke waarde + Habitatrichtlinie + Richtlinie 92/43/EWG des Rates vom 21. Mai 1992 zur Erhaltung der natürlichen Lebensräume sowie der wildlebenden Tiere und Pflanzen, die die Erhaltung einer Vielzahl seltener, bedrohter oder endemischer Tier- und Pflanzenarten sowie seltener und charakteristischer Lebensraumtypen selbst sicherstellt + @@ -14008,6 +27734,7 @@ genetic diversity. health risks any environmental factors (including physical, chemical, biological or socio-economic) that have harmful consequences for human health and the environment + @@ -14020,6 +27747,15 @@ genetic diversity. heat stress condition in which crop performance or survival is compromised by periods of exposure to high temperatures + stress thermique + conditions dans lesquelles la rentabilité ou la survie des cultures est compromise par des périodes d'exposition à des températures élevées + stress da calore + condizione in cui il rendimento o la sopravvivenza delle colture è compromesso da periodi di esposizione ad alte temperature + warmtestress + omstandigheid waarin de prestatie of het overleven van een gewas in gevaar gebracht wordt door perioden van blootstelling aan hoge temperaturen + Wärmebelastung + Zustand, bei dem die Ertragsleistung oder die Lebensfähigkeit von Anbaupflanzen beeinträchtigt wird, indem sie zeitweise hohen Temperaturen ausgesetzt werden + @@ -14028,14 +27764,25 @@ genetic diversity. coastal fishing Fishing in an area of the sea next to the shoreline. pêche côtière - Küstenfischerei - kustvisserij pesca costiera + kustvisserij + Küstenfischerei + heavy fuel oil any petroleum-derived liquid fuel, excluding marine fuel + fiouls lourds + tout combustible liquide dérivé du pétrole, à l'exclusion des combustibles marins + olio combustibile pesante + qualsiasi combustibile liquido derivato dal petrolio, escluso il combustibile marino + zware stookolie + elke van aardolie afgeleide vloeibare brandstof, met uitzondering van scheepsbrandstof + Schweröl + sämtliche flüssige Brennstoffe aus Erdöl, ausgenommen Schiffskraftstoff + + @@ -14047,12 +27794,18 @@ genetic diversity. human well-being secure and adequate livelihoods, enough food at all times, shelter, clothing, and access to goods: health, feeling well and healthy physical environment, such as clean air and clean water, good social relations, social cohesion, mutual respect, the ability to help others and provide for children; security, including secure access to natural and other resources, personal safety, and security from natural and human-made disasters; freedom of choice and action, including the opportunity to achieve individual values + + hydrodesulphurisation any process that removes sulphur compounds by converting them to hydrogen sulphide, which is then easily extrated and destroyed + + + + @@ -14062,11 +27815,32 @@ genetic diversity. ice cap dome-shaped glacier with radial flow, usually covering a highland area. + calotte glaciaire + glacier en forme de dôme à écoulement radial, couvrant généralement une région montagneuse + calotta glaciale + ghiacciaio a forma di cupola con flusso radiale che, di solito, copre un'area montagnosa + ijskap + koepelvormige gletsjer met radiale stroom, meestal in hoogland + Polkappe + kuppelförmiger Gletscher mit radialer Strömung, der gewöhnlich ein Hochlandgebiet bedeckt + + ice loss - a reduction in sea or land ice caused by a range of interdependent processes, including ocean circulation, temperature, weather, and the earth’s albedo. + range of interdependent processes, including ocean circulation, temperature, weather, and the earth’s albedo that contribute to reducing the sea or land ice + fonte des glaces + ensemble de processus interdépendants, notamment la circulation océanique, la température, les conditions météorologiques et l'albédo de la Terre, qui contribuent à la réduction de la banquise ou des glaces terrestres + perdita di ghiaccio + gamma di processi interdipendenti, compresi circolazione oceanica, temperatura, tempo atmosferico e albedo della Terra, che contribuiscono alla riduzione del ghiaccio marino o terrestre + ijsverlies + reeks onderling verbonden processen, waaronder oceaancirculatie, temperatuur, weer en albedo van de aarde, die bijdragen tot de afname van de ijsmassa in zee en aan land + Eisverlust + Reihe von Prozessen, wie der ozeanische Strömungsprozess, die Temperatur, das Wetter und die Erdalbedo, die sich gegenseitig beeinflussen und zum Rückgang des Meer- und Küsteneises beitragen + + + @@ -14077,7 +27851,18 @@ a highland area. ice sheet - permanent layer of ice covering an extensive tract of land + permanent layer of ice covering an extensive tract of land, especially a polar region + inlandsis + couche de glace permanante couvrant une très vaste étendue de terres, en particulier une région polaire + crosta ghiacciata + strato permanente di ghiaccio che ricopre un ampio tratto di terreno, in particolare una regione polare + ijslaag + permanente laag ijs die een grote landoppervlakte bedekt, met name in een poolgebied + Eisschild + permanente Eisschicht, die eine ausgedehnte Fläche, vor allem in einem Polargebiet, bedeckt + + + @@ -14086,6 +27871,17 @@ a highland area. ice sheet mass balance speed of ice loss and most important indicator of ice sheet change + équilibre de masse des calottes + vitesse de la fonte des glaces et plus important indicateur de l'évolution des calottes glaciaires + bilancio di massa della crosta ghiacciata + velocità della perdita di ghiaccio e indicatore più importante del cambiamento relativo alla crosta ghiacciata + massabalans van de ijslaag + snelheid van ijsverlies en belangrijkste indicator voor een verandering van de ijslaag + Massenbilanz eines Eisschildes + Geschwindigkeit des Eisverlusts und wichtigster Indikator für eine Veränderung des Eisschildes + + + @@ -14095,6 +27891,9 @@ a highland area. indicator-based assessment assessment method useful for synthesizing information and assessing progress towards quantified targets taking into account positive, negative, neutral qualification of an indicator based on the comparison between its observed evolution and/or status, and the desired evolution set for the indicator by means of a frame of reference + + + @@ -14107,6 +27906,17 @@ a highland area. indirect greenhouse gas emissions emissions that are a consequence of the activities of the reporting entity, but occur at sources owned or controlled by another entity + + + + + + + + + + + @@ -14115,6 +27925,8 @@ a highland area. indoor air quality nature of air that affects the health and well-being of the individuals or beings occupying a particular space + + @@ -14124,6 +27936,8 @@ a highland area. industrial waste water treatment treatment of water discharged after being used in, or produced by, industrial processes and which is of no further immediate value to these processes + + @@ -14135,6 +27949,8 @@ a highland area. infectious waste waste that poses a ‘known or suspected’ risk of infection, regardless of the level of infection posed + + @@ -14145,17 +27961,32 @@ a highland area. integrated environmental assessment interdisciplinary process of identification, analysis and appraisal of all the relevant natural and human processes and their interactions which determine both the current and future state of environmental quality, and resources, on appropriate spatial and temporal scales, thus facilitating the framing and implementation of policies and strategies + + + karst area terrains with a complex geology and very special hydrological characteristics + land degradation process which lowers the current and/or potential capability of soil to produce goods and services that can be limited, reversed and avoided through the appropriate management of land + dégradation des sols + diminution de la capacité actuelle et/ou future des sols à produire des produits et des services qui peut être limitée, inversée ou évitée grâce à une gestion des terres appropriée + degrado del suolo + processo che riduce la capacità attuale e/o potenziale del suolo di produrre beni e servizi; tale processo può essere limitato, invertito ed evitato attraverso una gestione adeguata del terreno + bodemdegradatie + proces waarbij het actuele en/of potentiële vermogen van de bodem om goederen en diensten te produceren afneemt en dat kan worden beperkt, omgekeerd en voorkomen door een gepast bodembeheer + Bodenverschlechterung + Prozess, bei dem sich die aktuelle und/oder zukünftige Fähigkeit von Böden zur Erzeugung von Waren und Dienstleistungen verringert, und der durch die angemessene Bewirtschaftung begrenzt, umgekehrt und verhindert werden kann + + + @@ -14167,6 +27998,15 @@ a highland area. landfill directive directive that defines the different categories of waste (municipal waste, hazardous waste, non-hazardous waste and inert waste) and applies to all landfills whose aim is to prevent or reduce negative effects on the environment, in particular on surface water, groundwater, soil, air, and on human health by introducing stringent technical requirements for waste and landfills + directive concernant la mise en décharge + directive qui définit les différentes catégories de déchets (déchets municipaux, déchets non dangereux et déchets inertes) et s'applique à toutes les décharges. Son objectif est de prévenir ou de réduire les effets négatifs sur l'environnement, et notamment la pollution des eaux de surface, des eaux souterraines, du sol et de l'air, et sur la santé humaine en introduisant des exigences techniques strictes applicables aux déchets et aux décharges + direttiva relativa alle discariche di rifiuti + direttiva che definisce le diverse categorie di rifiuti (rifiuti urbani, pericolosi, non pericolosi e inerti) e si applica a tutte le discariche il cui scopo è quello di prevenire o ridurre gli effetti negativi sull'ambiente, in particolare su acque superficiali, acque sotterranee, suolo, aria e sulla salute umana attraverso l'introduzione di rigidi requisiti tecnici per i rifiuti e le discariche + richtlijn betreffende het storten van afvalstoffen + Richtlijn waarin de verschillende categorieën afval worden gedefinieerd (gemeentelijk afval, gevaarlijke afvalstoffen, ongevaarlijke afvalstoffen en inerte afvalstoffen) die geldt voor alle stortplaatsen en die bedoeld zijn negatieve gevolgen voor het milieu, met name voor het oppervlaktewater, het grondwater, de bodem, de lucht en de menselijke gezondheid te beperken of te voorkomen, door strenge technische eisen in te voeren voor afvalstoffen en stortplaatsen + Abfalldeponierichtlinie + Richtlinie, in der die verschiedenen Arten von Abfällen (Siedlungsfälle, gefährliche Abfälle, nicht gefährliche Abfälle und Inertabfälle) definiert werden, und die für alle Abfalldeponien gilt, deren Zweck darin besteht, negative Auswirkungen auf die Umwelt, insbesondere auf das Oberflächenwasser, das Grundwasser, den Boden, die Luft und die menschliche Gesundheit durch die Einführung strenger technischer Anforderungen in Bezug auf Abfalldeponien und Abfälle zu vermeiden oder zu verringern + @@ -14181,6 +28021,7 @@ a highland area. linear economy traditional economy model based on a 'take-make-consume-throw away' approach of resources + @@ -14193,6 +28034,9 @@ a highland area. liquid manure management system uses water to facilitate manure handling, including tanks and lagoons which store manure until it is applied to cropland, and creates the ideal anaerobic environment for methane production + + + @@ -14208,6 +28052,8 @@ a highland area. low carbon economy economy based on low carbon power sources that has a minimal output of greenhouse gas emissions into the environment biosphere, but specifically refers to the greenhouse gas carbon dioxide + + @@ -14223,12 +28069,16 @@ a highland area. low carbon society tbc + manure management system system that stabilizes or stores livestock manure, or does both + + + @@ -14236,6 +28086,7 @@ a highland area. marine biodiversity number of species types in a particular ecosystem in the world's oceans and seas + @@ -14245,6 +28096,8 @@ a highland area. marine biota organisms living in either the pelagic environment (plankton and nekton) or the benthic environment (benthos) + + @@ -14255,6 +28108,8 @@ a highland area. marine diesel oil any marine fuel as defined for DMB grade in Table I of ISO 8217 with the exception of the reference to the sulphur content + + @@ -14265,7 +28120,17 @@ a highland area. marine fuel - Any petroleum-derived liquid fuel intended for use or in use on board a vessel, including those fuels defined in ISO 8217 + any fuel intended for marine use + combustible marin + tout combustible destiné à être utilisé par un bateau ou un navire + combustibile per uso marittimo + qualsiasi combustibile per uso marittimo + scheepsbrandstof + alle brandstof die is bestemd voor de scheepvaart + Schiffskraftstoff + jeder Kraftstoff, der für den Schifffahrtsbereich vorgesehen ist + + @@ -14277,6 +28142,10 @@ a highland area. marine fuel oil mixture of marine-gas-oil and residual fuel oil + + + + @@ -14287,6 +28156,8 @@ a highland area. marine gas oil obtained from the atmospheric distillate of crude and designed to be used in diesel engines which operate under high performance conditions in altitudes under 2000 meters above sea level to generate electric and mechanical power in burners, furnaces, boilers and marine engines + + @@ -14297,7 +28168,16 @@ a highland area. Marine Strategy Framework Directive - EU Directive which establishes a framework within which Member States shall take the necessary measures to achieve or maintain good environmental status in the marine environment by the year 2020 at the latest. + EU Directive with the aim to contribute to coherence between, and to ensure the integration of environmental concerns into, the different policies, agreements and legislative measures which have an impact on the marine environment + directive-cadre «stratégie pour le milieu marin» + directive de l'UE visant à contribuer à la cohérence entre les différentes politiques, accords et mesures législatives qui ont une incidence sur le milieu marin, et vise à assurer l’intégration des préoccupations environnementales dans ces domaines + direttiva quadro sulla strategia per l'ambiente marino + direttiva UE intesa a contribuire alla coerenza tra le diverse politiche, i vari accordi e misure legislative che hanno un impatto sull'ambiente marino, nonché a garantire l'integrazione degli aspetti ambientali nell'ambito degli stessi + kaderrichtlijn mariene strategie + EU-richtlijn die bijdraagt tot de samenhang van de verschillende beleidsmaatregelen, overeenkomsten en wetgevende maatregelen die van invloed zijn op het mariene milieu, en ernaar streeft de integratie van de milieudimensie daarin te waarborgen + Meeresstrategie-Rahmenrichtlinie + EU-Richtlinie, die zur Kohärenz zwischen den verschiedenen Politikbereichen beitragen und die Einbeziehung der Umweltbelange in die verschiedenen politischen Maßnahmen, Vereinbarungen und Rechtsetzungsmaßnahmen sicherstellen soll, die einen Einfluss auf die Meeresumwelt haben + @@ -14312,6 +28192,7 @@ a highland area. megatrend a widespread and long-term social, economic, environmental, political or technological change that is slow to form but has a major impact once in place + @@ -14324,15 +28205,24 @@ a highland area. coastal pollution The presence, release or introduction of polluting substances in or onto the seashore or the land near it. pollution du littoral - Küstenverschmutzung - kustvervuiling inquinamento della costa + kustvervuiling + Küstenverschmutzung + + + mine gas emission total gas from coal seam and dropping coal (rocks) pouring into the wind in unit time + + + + + + @@ -14341,6 +28231,9 @@ a highland area. mineral fertiliser chemical (synthetic) fertiliser containing simple, inorganic plant nutrients or naturally occurring mined minerals + + + @@ -14349,7 +28242,17 @@ a highland area. municipal waste generation - Municipal waste production. This waste originates mostly from households, although waste from commerce and trade, office buildings, institutions and small businesses is also included + waste collected by or on behalf of municipalities, originating mostly from households, although waste from commerce and trade, office buildings, institutions and small businesses is also included + production des déchets municipaux + déchets collectés par ou pour les municipalités, provenant principalement des ménages, bien que les déchets provenant du commerce, des immeubles de bureaux, des institutions et des petites entreprises soient également inclus + produzione di rifiuti urbani + rifiuti raccolti dai o per conto dei comuni e provenienti in prevalenza da abitazioni, sebbene siano anche inclusi i rifiuti commerciali e aziendali, di uffici, istituzioni e piccole imprese + gemeentelijke afvalproductie + afval dat wordt verzameld door of namens gemeenten en grotendeels afkomstig is van huishoudens, maar ook afval afkomstig van handelszaken, kantoorgebouwen, instellingen en kleine ondernemingen kan bevatten + Siedlungsabfallaufkommen + Abfälle, die von oder im Namen von Gemeinden eingesammelt werden und in erster Linie aus Haushalten stammen, wobei auch Abfälle aus Handel und Wirtschaft, Bürogebäuden, Institutionen und kleinen Unternehmen inbegriffen sind + + @@ -14357,8 +28260,18 @@ a highland area. - municipal wastewater - wastewater collected by or on behalf of municipalities originating mostly from households - domestic wastewater, can also include industrial wastewater + municipal waste water + wastewater collected by or on behalf of municipalities originating mostly from households + eaux urbaines résiduaires + eaux usées collectées par ou pour les municipalités, provenant principalement des ménages + acque reflue urbane + acque reflue raccolte dai o per conto dei comuni provenienti in prevalenza da abitazioni + gemeentelijk afvalwater + afvalwater dat wordt verzameld door of namens gemeenten, grotendeels afkomstig van huishoudens + kommunales Abwasser + Abwasser, das von oder im Namen von Gemeinden gesammelt wird und in erster Linie aus Haushalten stammt + + @@ -14367,18 +28280,25 @@ a highland area. natural capital all the things that nature provides for our existence, i.e. the basic building blocks of our society, the healthy soils that give us food, the raw materials we need for buildings and clothes, the fresh water we drink and the clean air we breathe. + natural capital accounts detailed statistics for better management of the economy, like accounts for the sectoral inputs of water and energy and outputs of pollution needed to model green growth scenarios. + + + + natural gas consumption total consumption of natural gas (industrial, residential/service and production of electricity) and most important means of reducing CO2 and other greenhouse gases (GHG) emissions + + @@ -14386,21 +28306,31 @@ a highland area. natural sustainable development pursuit of a better quality of life for both present and future generations by linking economic development, protection of the environment and social justice + + night noise environmental noise occurring during the night period with a harmful effect, expressed in decibels (dB) + nitrate directive - Directive aiming at protecting water quality across -Europe by preventing nitrates from agricultural sources polluting ground and -surface waters and by promoting the use of good farming practices + Directive prescribing the maximum amounts of nitrogen that can be applied to land in the form of animal manure in order to prevent further nitrate pollution + directive nitrates + directive imposant les quantités maximales d'azote pouvant être apportées au sol sous la forme de fumier afin de juguler la pollution par les nitrates + direttiva sui nitrati + direttiva che prescrive le quantità massime di azoto che possono essere utilizzate sul terreno sotto forma di concime animale al fine di prevenire un ulteriore inquinamento da nitrati + nitraatrichtlijn + richtlijn die voorschrijft hoeveel stikstof er maximaal mag worden uitgereden op de bodem in de vorm van dierlijke mest, om verdere nitraatverontreiniging te voorkomen + Nitratrichtlinie + Richtlinie, in der zur Vorbeugung weiterer Verunreinigungen durch Nitrat die maximalen Werte für Stickstoff festgelegt sind, der in Form von tierischem Dünger auf den Boden aufgebracht werden darf + @@ -14413,6 +28343,8 @@ surface waters and by promoting the use of good farming practices nitrogen load mass of nitrogen per unit of time, usually measured in pounds or kilograms per day, calculated by multiplying concentrations by flow, such as the treatment plant effluent flow or river streamflow + + @@ -14422,12 +28354,16 @@ surface waters and by promoting the use of good farming practices non-energy use total consumption of fossil fuels as feedstock in the chemical industry, refinery and coke oven products consumed in various economic sectors, as well as the use of solid carbon for the production of metals and inorganic chemicals + + non-forested land lands not qualifying as forested, such as those which are primarily rock, ice or water + + @@ -14435,6 +28371,7 @@ surface waters and by promoting the use of good farming practices non-hazardous waste all waste that is not defined as hazardous + @@ -14458,6 +28395,8 @@ surface waters and by promoting the use of good farming practices non-renewable natural resource resource that does not renew itself at a sufficient rate for sustainable economic extraction in meaningful human time-frames + + @@ -14465,6 +28404,10 @@ surface waters and by promoting the use of good farming practices objective well-being factors such as wealth, health and employment, which are associated with a good life + + + + @@ -14472,6 +28415,8 @@ surface waters and by promoting the use of good farming practices ocean acidification input of anthropogenic CO2 to surface oceans from the atmosphere, leading to shifts in carbon chemistry that can cause changes to rates and fates of primary production and calcification of marine organisms and communities + + @@ -14479,12 +28424,17 @@ surface waters and by promoting the use of good farming practices organic certification certification process for producers of organic food and other organic agricultural products + + organic fertiliser fertiliser which consists of organic materials of biological origin + + + @@ -14497,12 +28447,27 @@ surface waters and by promoting the use of good farming practices organic soil improver - improver containing carbonaceous materials whose main function is to increase soil organic matter content + substance containing carbonaceous materials designed to increase the content of organic matter in soil + amendement organique pour sols + substance contenant des matières carbonées dont la fonction est d'augmenter la teneur en matière organique du sol + ammendante organico + sostanza contenente materiali carboniosi concepita per aumentare il contenuto di sostanza organica del suolo + organische bodemverbeteraar + stof die koolstofhoudende materialen bevat en bedoeld is om het gehalte aan organische stoffen in de bodem te verhogen + organisches Bodenverbesserungsmittel + Stoff, der kohlenstoffhaltige Substanzen enthält und entwickelt wurde, um den Anteil an organischer Bodensubstanz zu erhöhen + + + organisation environmental footprint result of an Organisation Environmental Footprint study based on the Organisation Environmental Footprint method. + + + + @@ -14512,13 +28477,36 @@ surface waters and by promoting the use of good farming practices organisation environmental footprint method - General method to measure and communicate the potential life cycle environmental impact of an organisation as laid down in Annex III of the Recommendation (2013/179/EU). It provides a quantified measurement of the potential environmental performance taking all relevant life cycle stages of an organization into account, from a supply chain perspective. + general method to measure and communicate the potential life cycle environmental impact of an organisation + méthode de l’empreinte environnementale d'organisation + méthode générale pour mesurer et indiquer l’impact environnemental potentiel d’une organisation tout au long de son cycle de vie + metodo relativo all’impronta ambientale delle organizzazioni + metodo generale per misurare e comunicare il potenziale impatto ambientale nel ciclo di vita di un'organizzazione + milieuvoetafdrukmethode voor organisaties + algemene methode voor het meten en bekendmaken van het potentiële milieueffect van een organisatie gedurende haar levenscyclus + Methode für die Berechnung des Umweltfußabdrucks von Organisationen + allgemeine Methode zur Messung und Offenlegung der möglichen Umweltauswirkungen einer Organisation während des Lebenszyklus + + + + + + organo-mineral fertiliser fertiliser obtained by combining inorganic fertilisers and organic fertilisers or soil improvers + + + + + + + + + @@ -14532,6 +28520,7 @@ surface waters and by promoting the use of good farming practices orphan disease disease affecting a small patient population (less than 1 in 2,000 citizens) for which it is not commercially viable to develop treatments + @@ -14539,12 +28528,25 @@ surface waters and by promoting the use of good farming practices outdoor air pollution release of several substances, called air pollutants, into the atmosphere, in concentrations that threaten the wellbeing of living organisms or disrupt the function of the environment as a system leading to human health damages in various ways + + ozone depletion steady decline of the ozone concentration in the stratosphere and a decrease in stratospheric ozone in the Polar Regions + appauvrissement de la couche d’ozone + baisse régulière de la concentration d'ozone dans la stratosphère et diminution de l'ozone stratosphérique dans les régions polaires + riduzione dello strato di ozono + riduzione continua della concentrazione di ozono nella stratosfera e diminuzione dell'ozono stratosferico nelle regioni polari + aantasting van de ozonlaag + geleidelijke afname van het ozongehalte in de stratosfeer en daling van het stratosferisch ozon in de poolgebieden + Ozonabbau + stetige Abnahme der Ozonkonzentration in der Stratosphäre und Rückgang des Ozons in der Stratosphäre der Polargebiete + + + @@ -14552,21 +28554,35 @@ surface waters and by promoting the use of good farming practices ozone precursor Substances which contribute to the formation of ground-level ozone + + pandemics epidemic so widely spread that vast numbers of people in different countries are affected + park waste biodegradable green waste from parks, gardens including water and wood (lignocellulosis, grass clippings, bush and tree cuttings, leaves, flowers) + déchets de parc + déchets verts biodégradables provenant de parcs, de jardins, y compris l'eau et le bois (lignocellulose, tontes de gazons, débroussaillages et coupes d'arbres, feuilles, fleurs) + rifiuti di parchi + rifiuti verdi biodegradabili di parchi e giardini, che includono acqua e legno (lignocellulosa, residui d'erba, sfalci di cespugli e alberi, foglie e fiori) + plantsoenafval + biologisch afbreekbaar groenafval van plantsoenen en tuinen, met inbegrip van water en hout (lignocellulose, gemaaid gras, snoeisel van bomen en struiken, bladeren, bloemen) + Parkabfälle + biologisch abbaubare Grünabfälle aus Parks und Gärten, einschließlich Wasser und Holz (Lignozellulose, Grasschnitt, Baum- und Strauchabfälle, Blätter, Blüten) + physiological change change in the normal function of a living organism + + @@ -14576,14 +28592,24 @@ surface waters and by promoting the use of good farming practicescoastal water Coastal waters are typically characterized by a shallow continental shelf, gently sloping seaward to a continental slope, which drops relatively abruptly to the deep ocean. The proximity of coastal water to land also influences the water circulation. In the vicinity of freshwater inflows, the nearshore circulation is altered by the presence of density-driven motions. Coastal waters are under enormous environmental stress, caused by a wide range of factors including pollution and the destruction and deterioration of marine habitats. eaux côtières - Küstengewässer - kustwater acqua costiera + kustwater + Küstengewässer + plant biostimulant material which contains substances and/or microorganisms whose function when applied to plants or the rhizosphere is to stimulate natural processes to benefit nutrient uptake, nutrient efficiency, tolerance to abiotic stress, and/or crop quality, independently of its nutrient content + biostimulant des végétaux + matière qui contient des substances et/ou micro-organismes dont la fonction, lorsqu'elle est appliquée sur les végétaux ou la rhizosphère, est de stimuler les processus pour améliorer l'absorption des éléments nutritifs, l'efficacité des éléments nutritifs, la tolérance au stress abiotique et/ou la qualité des cultures, indépendamment de sa teneur en éléments nutritifs + biostimolante delle piante + prodotto che, indipendentemente dal suo tenore di nutrienti, contiene sostanze e/o microrganismi che, se applicati su piante o rizosfera, hanno la funzione di stimolarne i processi naturali al fine di migliorare l'assorbimento dei nutrienti, l’efficienza dei nutrienti, la tolleranza allo stress abiotico e/o la qualità delle colture + biostimulant + middel dat stoffen en/of micro-organismen bevat die, wanneer toegepast op planten of de wortelzone, natuurlijke processen stimuleren ter verbetering van de nutriëntenopname, nutriëntefficiëntie, weerstand tegen abiotische stress en/of de gewaskwaliteit, ongeacht het gehalte aan voedingsstoffen + Pflanzenhilfsmittel + Stoff, der Substanzen und/oder Mikroorganismen enthält, die bei Anwendung an Pflanzen oder im Wurzelbereich die natürlichen Prozesse anregen sollen, um die Nährstoffaufnahme, die Nährstoffeffizienz, die Resistenz gegenüber abiotischen Stressfaktoren und/oder die Qualität von Anbaupflanzen unabhängig von ihrem Nährstoffgehalt zu verbessern + @@ -14595,6 +28621,9 @@ as a result of any human activity, whether deliberate or accidental, routine or non-routine, including spilling, emitting, discharging, injecting, disposing or dumping, or through sewer systems without final waste-water treatment; + + + @@ -14604,17 +28633,32 @@ through sewer systems without final waste-water treatment; policy framework - A document or set of documents established at national and/or -regional level which sets out a limited number of coherent priorities established on the basis of -evidence and a timeframe for the implementation of those priorities and which may include a -monitoring mechanism. + evidence and longer-term objectives agreed and implemented in cooperation with relevant stakeholders established in a single policy document or in a set of inter-linked policy documents + cadre d'action + éléments et objectifs à long terme convenus et mis en œuvre en coopération avec les acteurs concernés, établis dans un document politique unique ou un ensemble de documents politiques liés + quadro politico + prove e obiettivi a lungo termine concordati e attuati in collaborazione con le parti interessate, definiti in un unico documento politico o in una serie di documenti politici correlati + beleidskader + bewijsmiddelen en doelstellingen op langere termijn die worden overeengekomen en geïmplementeerd in samenwerking met belanghebbenden, als vastgelegd in één enkel beleidsdocument of een reeks met elkaar samenhangende beleidsdocumenten + politischer Rahmen + Nachweise und längerfristige Ziele, die in Zusammenarbeit mit relevanten Interessengruppen vereinbart und umgesetzt werden und in einem einzigen oder mehreren, miteinander verknüpften, Strategiedokumenten festgehalten sind + policy implementation - process whereby programs or politics are carried out, denoting the translation of plans into practice + process whereby programmes are carried out, thereby putting plans into practice + mise en œuvre des politiques + processus par lequel des programmes sont réalisés, en mettant les plans en pratique + attuazione delle politiche + processo attraverso il quale vengono eseguiti i programmi e, di conseguenza, vengono attuati i piani + tenuitvoerlegging van het beleid + proces waarbij programma's worden uitgevoerd en derhalve plannen in de praktijk worden gebracht + Umsetzung politischer Maßnahmen + Prozess, mit dem Programme durchgeführt und Pläne verwirklicht werden + @@ -14623,6 +28667,7 @@ monitoring mechanism. pollution reduction lowering of pollutant releases into the environment measured on the basis of validated information subsequently published in a pollutant release inventory + @@ -14634,12 +28679,22 @@ monitoring mechanism. primary atmospheric aerosol Fine particulate and/or aerosol matter directly emitted to the atmosphere + primary energy - energy contained in fossil fuels and renewable energy sources that has not been subject to any conversion or transformation process + energy contained in fossil fuels, and renewable energy sources, not subject to any conversion or transformation process + énergie primaire + énergie contenue dans des combustibles fossiles et des sources d'énergie renouvelables n'ayant subi aucun processus de conversion ou de transformation + energia primaria + l'energia contenuta nei combustibili fossili e in fonti d'energia rinnovabile, non soggetta ad alcun processo di conversione o trasformazione + primaire energie + energie in fossiele brandstoffen en hernieuwbare energiebronnen die geen conversie- of transformatieproces heeft ondergaan + Primärenergie + Energie aus fossilen Brennstoffen und erneuerbaren Quellen, die keinerlei Umwandlung oder Veränderung unterzogen wurde + @@ -14653,6 +28708,10 @@ monitoring mechanism. product environmental footprint result of a Product Environmental Footprint study based on the Product Environmental Footprint method + + + + @@ -14661,14 +28720,44 @@ monitoring mechanism. product environmental footprint method - General method to measure and communicate the potential life cycle environmental impact of a product as laid down in Annex II of the Recommendation (2013/179/EU). It provides a quantified measurement of the potential environmental performance taking all relevant life cycle stages of a product into account, from a supply chain perspective. + general method to measure and communicate the potential environmental impact of the lifecycle of a product + méthode de l'empreinte environnementale de produit + méthode générale pour mesurer et indiquer l’impact environnemental potentiel d’un produit tout au long de son cycle de vie + metodologia dell'impronta ambientale del prodotto + metodo generale per misurare e comunicare il potenziale impatto ambientale nel ciclo di vita di un prodotto + milieuvoetafdrukmethode voor producten + algemene methode voor het meten en bekendmaken van het potentiële milieueffect van een product gedurende zijn levenscyclus + Methode für die Berechnung des Umweltfußabdrucks von Produkten + allgemeine Methode zur Messung und Offenlegung der möglichen Umweltauswirkungen des Lebenszyklus eines Produktes + + + + + + + + + + prosumerism - Particular type of collaborative consumption that reduces the distinction between producer and consumer such as in the case of distributed energy production systems, enabled by technological innovations such as smart metering and smart grids. + type of collaborative consumption that reduces the distinction between producer and consumer + prosumérisme + type de consommation collaborative qui réduit la distinction entre producteur et consommateur + prosumerismo + tipo di consumo collaborativo che riduce la distinzione tra produttore e consumatore + prosumerisme + soort van collaboratieve consumptie waarbij het onderscheid tussen producent en consument vervaagt + Prosumismus + Art gemeinschaftlichen Konsums, der die Grenzen zwischen Produzenten und Konsumenten verschwimmen lässt + + + + @@ -14677,20 +28766,25 @@ monitoring mechanism. coastal zone planning The objective of coastal management and planning is the preservation of coastal resources whilst simultaneously satisfying the sometimes conflicting interests and requirements of protection, development, usage and conservation. aménagement de la zone littorale - Küstengebietsplanung - planning van de kustzone pianificazione delle zone costiere + planning van de kustzone + Küstengebietsplanung + + + rare earth one of a set of seventeen chemical elements in the periodic table, specifically the fifteen lanthanides plus scandium and yttrium + renewable energy Energy derived from natural processes (e.g. sunlight and wind) that are replenished at a faster rate than they are consumed. Solar, wind, geothermal, hydro, and some forms of biomass are common sources of renewable energy. + @@ -14707,7 +28801,16 @@ monitoring mechanism. renewable energy directive - establishes an overall policy for the production and promotion of energy from renewable sources in the EU and requires Member States to submit national renewable energy Action Plans with detailed roadmaps of how each Member State expects to reach its legally binding 2020 target for the share of renewable energy in their final energy consumption + legislation establishing an overall policy for the production and promotion of energy from renewable sources in the EU, requiring Member States to submit national renewable energy Action Plans with detailed roadmaps of how each Member State expects to reach its legally binding 2020 target for the share of renewable energy in their final energy consumption + directive sur les sources d'énergie renouvelables + législation établissant une politique globale pour la production et la promotion d'énergie provenant de sources renouvelables dans l'UE. Elle exige des États membres qu'ils soumettent des plans d’action nationaux en matière d’énergies renouvelables accompagnés de feuilles de route détaillées quant à la façon dont chaque État membre compte atteindre son objectif 2020 juridiquement contraignant pour la part d'énergie renouvelable dans leur consommation finale d'énergie + direttiva sulle energie rinnovabili + normativa che istituisce una politica globale per la produzione e la promozione di energia da fonti rinnovabili nell'UE, che impone agli Stati membri di presentare piani di azione nazionali in materia di energie rinnovabili con tabelle di marcia dettagliate al fine di indicare come ogni Stato membro prevede di raggiungere il proprio obiettivo vincolante per il 2020 in relazione alla quota di energia da fonti rinnovabili nel consumo finale di energia + richtlijn hernieuwbare energie + richtlijn waarin een algemeen beleid wordt vastgesteld voor het produceren en het bevorderen van energie uit hernieuwbare bronnen in de EU, waarbij de lidstaten worden opgeroepen om nationale actieplannen voor hernieuwbare energie in te dienen met daarin een gedetailleerd stappenplan om het wettelijk bindend streefcijfer voor het aandeel van energie uit hernieuwbare bronnen in het eindverbruik tegen uiterlijk 2020 te halen + Richtlinie Erneuerbare Energien + Rechtsvorschriften für eine allgemeine Strategie bezüglich der Erzeugung und Förderung von Energie aus erneuerbaren Quellen in der EU, nach denen die Mitgliedstaaten nationale Aktionspläne für erneuerbare Energien mit detaillierten Fahrplänen vorlegen müssen, wie in jedem Mitgliedstaat die rechtsverbindlichen Ziele für 2020 zum Anteil erneuerbarer Energien am Endenergieverbrauch erreicht werden sollen + @@ -14719,6 +28822,8 @@ monitoring mechanism. renewable natural resource Renewable natural resources are natural resources that, after exploitation, can return to their previous stock levels by natural processes of growth or replenishment. + + @@ -14727,6 +28832,8 @@ monitoring mechanism. residual fuel oil general classification for the heavier oils that remain after the distillate fuel oils and lighter hydrocarbons are distilled away in refinery operations + + @@ -14738,6 +28845,7 @@ monitoring mechanism. resilience The ability of a system, community or society exposed to hazards to resist, absorb, accommodate to and recover from the effects of a hazard in a timely and efficient manner, including through the preservation and restoration of its essential basic structures and functions. + @@ -14746,6 +28854,10 @@ monitoring mechanism. resource efficiency supply-side measures that tackle inefficiencies across supply chains; overuse of resources and waste when products and services are produced. Being more material resource efficient means using less to produce the same level of output + + + + @@ -14753,6 +28865,18 @@ monitoring mechanism. resource productivity ratio between gross domestic product (GDP) and domestic material consumption (DMC) + productivité des ressources + rapport entre le produit intérieur brut (PIB) et la consommation intérieure de matières (DMC) + produttività delle risorse + rapporto tra prodotto interno lordo (PIL) e consumo interno di materiale (CIM) + hulpbronnenproductiviteit + verhouding tussen het bruto binnenlands product (bbp) en het binnenlands materiaalverbruik (bmv) + Ressourcenproduktivität + Verhältnis des Bruttoinlandprodukts (BIP) zum inländischen Materialverbrauch (DMC) + + + + @@ -14760,6 +28884,10 @@ monitoring mechanism. resource scarcity dearth or rarity of resources, can be also caused by decline in the quality, availability or productivity of natural resources and lead to reduction in economic well-being + + + + @@ -14769,6 +28897,10 @@ monitoring mechanism. resource use appropriation and use of resources, ecosystems and naturally occurring materials, such as soil, wood, water, and minerals + + + + @@ -14777,14 +28909,17 @@ monitoring mechanism. coastguard A maritime force which aids shipping, saves lives at sea, prevents smuggling, etc. It also responds to emergencies involving oil spills and other discharges at sea and takes the lead in enforcing the law, including assessing penalties for environmental violations. garde-côtière - Küstenwacht - kustwacht guardia costiera + kustwacht + Küstenwacht + + resource-efficient economy an economy which creates more with less, delivering greater value with less input, using resources in a sustainable way and minimising their impacts on the environment. + @@ -14800,6 +28935,17 @@ monitoring mechanism. area of land from which all surface run‑off flows through a sequence of streams, rivers or lakes into the sea at a single river mouth, estuary or delta + bassin hydrographique + zone dans laquelle toutes les eaux de ruissellement convergent à travers un réseau de rivières, fleuves et éventuellement de lacs vers la mer, dans laquelle elles se déversent par une seule embouchure, estuaire ou delta + bacino idrografico + territorio nel quale scorrono tutte le acque superficiali attraverso una serie di torrenti, fiumi ed eventualmente laghi per sfociare al mare in un’unica foce, a estuario o delta + stroomgebied + een gebied waarvan al het overtollige water afvloeit via stromen, rivieren of meren in de zee via één riviermond, estuarium of delta + Flusseinzugsgebiet + Gebiet, aus welchem über Bäche, Flüsse oder Seen der gesamte Oberflächenabfluss an einer einzigen Flussmündung, einem Ästuar oder Delta ins Meer gelangt + + + @@ -14809,6 +28955,12 @@ into the sea at a single river mouth, estuary or delta river basin management management of the sustainable use of water resources in a river basin, comprising the main river, all its tributaries and ground water, so as to provide for the social, cultural and economic development by taking into account the basics of ecology + + + + + + @@ -14817,9 +28969,18 @@ into the sea at a single river mouth, estuary or delta road traffic noise - Environmental noise by road traffic. Typically a combination of -'rolling noise' caused by the interaction between the vehicle tyre and the road -surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. + environmental noise generated from vehicles using roads and highways caused by rolling and propulsion + bruit routier + bruit dans l'environnement généré par des véhicules utilisant des routes et autoroutes, causé par le roulage et la propulsion + rumore del traffico stradale + rumore ambientale generato dai veicoli che percorrono strade e autostrade, causato da rotolamento e propulsione + wegverkeersgeluid + omgevingsgeluid dat wordt gegenereerd door voertuigen op wegen en snelwegen en toe te schrijven is aan rol- en aandrijfgeluid + Straßenverkehrslärm + Umweltlärm, der durch Fahrzeuge auf Straßen und Autobahnen entsteht und durch Roll- und Antriebsgeräusche verursacht wird + + + @@ -14828,6 +28989,8 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. rural development policy The policy that is targeted to help the rural areas of the EU to meet the wide range of economic, environmental and social challenges of the 21st century. + + @@ -14836,6 +28999,7 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. seagrass Flowering plants which grow in marine, fully saline environments. + @@ -14843,6 +29007,11 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. sealed area land covered with impermeable materials as a result of urban development, infrastructure construction or change in the nature of the soil, leading to impermeability, loss of agricultural or forestry areas and ecological soil functions severely impaired or prevented (e.g. soil working as a buffer and filter) + + + + + @@ -14850,12 +29019,19 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. second generation biofuel production any liquid fuel which is derived by or from qualified feedstocks and meets the registration requirements for fuels and fuel additives + + + + + + secondary atmospheric aerosol Fine particulate and/or aerosol matter that is formed in the atmosphere following the emission of precursor gases + @@ -14863,6 +29039,8 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. sensitive ecosystem semi-natural and natural ecosystems that are sensitive to both natural and human influence and activities because of the diversity of species they support + + @@ -14870,6 +29048,9 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. shale gas natural gas from shale formations + + + @@ -14877,6 +29058,8 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. silviculture art and science of controlling the establishment, growth, composition, health, and quality of forest and woodlands to meet the diverse needs and values of landowners and society on a sustainable basis + + @@ -14885,12 +29068,15 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. smoltification series of physiological changes where juvenile salmonid fish adapt from living in fresh water to living in seawater + social cohesion capacity of a society to ensure the welfare of all its members, minimising disparities and avoiding polarisation + + @@ -14899,6 +29085,8 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. social equity means ensuring that all communities are treated fairly and are given equal opportunity to participate in the planning and decision-making process, with an emphasis on ensuring that traditionally disadvantaged groups are not left behind + + @@ -14907,6 +29095,7 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. soft energy renewable and environmentally safe energy + @@ -14915,6 +29104,7 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. soil biodiversity variation in soil life, from genes to communities, and the ecological complexes of which they are part, that is from soil micro-habitats to landscapes + @@ -14929,6 +29119,8 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. soil biota complex communities of organisms that play fundamental roles in soil formation and contribute, directly or indirectly, to many processes such as nutrient cycling, waste decomposition, soil structure formation and pollination + + @@ -14938,6 +29130,7 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. soil contamination occurrence of pollutants in soil above a certain level, causing a deterioration or loss of one or more soil functions + @@ -14946,6 +29139,8 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. solid fuel use household combustion of coal or biomass such as dung, charcoal, wood or crop residues + + @@ -14957,19 +29152,25 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.coating A material applied onto or impregnated into a substrate for protective, decorative, or functional purposes. Such materials include, but are not limited to, paints, varnishes, sealers, adhesives, thinners, diluents, and inks. revêtement - Beschichtung - deklaag rivestimento + deklaag + Beschichtung + species extinction natural and irrevocable process leading to the death of a species without leaving any progeny and causing complete loss of genetic diversity + sustainable bioenergy production use of biomass as an energy resource that contributes to climate change mitigation, energy security, and economic development goals, results in minimal environmental and social impacts, and attains economic self-sufficiency + + + + @@ -14978,6 +29179,8 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. sustainable consumption use of goods and services that respond to basic needs and bring a better quality of life, while minimising the use of natural resources, toxic materials and emissions of waste and pollutants over the life cycle, so as not to jeopardise the needs of future generations + + @@ -14986,17 +29189,38 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. sustainable development goals integrated and indivisible goals, defined by the United Nations 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, that are global in nature and universally applicable, taking into account different national realities, capacities and levels of development and respecting national policies and priorities + objectifs de développement durable + objectifs intégrés et indivisibles, définis par le programme de développement durable de l’ONU pour 2030, qui sont mondiaux par nature et universellement applicables, compte tenu des différences entre les réalités, les capacités et les niveaux de développement au niveau national et dans le respect des politiques et des priorités nationales + obiettivi di sviluppo sostenibile + obiettivi unici e indivisibili, definiti dall'agenda 2030 delle Nazioni Unite per lo sviluppo sostenibile; si tratta di obiettivi di natura globale e universalmente applicabili, che tengono conto di realtà, capacità e livelli di sviluppo nazionali diversi e nel rispetto delle politiche e priorità nazionali + doelstelling inzake duurzame ontwikkeling + geïntegreerde en ondeelbare doelstellingen, vastgelegd in de Agenda 2030 voor duurzame ontwikkeling van de Verenigde Naties; ze zijn mondiaal van aard en universeel toepasbaar, houden rekening met de verschillende nationale realiteiten, capaciteiten en ontwikkelingsniveaus en respecteren tegelijk de nationale beleidslijnen en prioriteiten + Ziele für nachhaltige Entwicklung + integrierte und unteilbare Ziele, die von den Vereinten Nationen in der Agenda 2030 für nachhaltige Entwicklung festgelegt wurden, und die von allen Ländern akzeptiert werden und auf alle anwendbar sind, wobei die unterschiedlichen Realitäten, Kapazitäten und Entwicklungsstufen der einzelnen Länder berücksichtigt und nationale Politiken und Realitäten beachtet werden + + sustainable fisheries sustainable exploitation of the fisheries stock wich will not prejudice the future exploitation or the marine eco-systems + sustainable forest management - forest biodiversity based on man's intervention + stewardship and use of forests and forest lands in a way, and at a rate, that maintains their biodiversity, productivity, regeneration capacity, vitality and their potential to fulfil, now and in the future, relevant ecological, economic and social functions, at local, national and global levels, and that does not cause damage to other ecosystems + gestion durable des forêts + gestion et utilisation des forêts et des terrains boisés d'une manière et à une intensité telles qu'elles maintiennent leur diversité biologique, leur productivité, leur capacité de régénération, leur vitalité et leur capacité à satisfaire, actuellement et dans le futur, les fonctions écologiques, économiques et sociales pertinentes, aux niveaux local, national et mondial, sans causer de préjudice à d'autres écosystèmes + gestione forestale sostenibile + Gestione e utilizzazione dei boschi e delle superfici boschive in maniera e in misura tali da far sì che conservino la loro biodiversità, produttività, capacità di rigenerazione, vitalità e capacità di espletare, ora e in futuro, le loro specifiche funzioni ecologiche, economiche e sociali a livello locale, nazionale e globale, senza recare pregiudizio ad altri ecosistemi + duurzaam bosbeheer + zodanig beheer en gebruik van bossen en bosgronden dat hun biodiversiteit, productiviteit, regeneratievermogen, vitaliteit en vermogen om nu en in de toekomst relevante ecologische, economische en sociale functies te vervullen op lokaal, nationaal en mondiaal niveau, in stand gehouden wordt en dat er geen schade wordt berokkend aan andere ecosystemen + nachhaltige Waldbewirtschaftung + Betreuung und Nutzung von Wäldern und Waldflächen auf eine Weise und in einem Ausmaß, das deren biologische Vielfalt, Produktivität, Verjüngungsfähigkeit und Vitalität erhält sowie deren Potenzial, jetzt und in der Zukunft die entsprechenden ökologischen, wirtschaftlichen und sozialen Funktionen auf lokaler, nationaler und globaler Ebene zu erfüllen, ohne anderen Ökosystemen Schaden zuzufügen + + @@ -15005,6 +29229,8 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. sustainable growth increase in per capita real income or real GNP which can be sustained in the long term (i.e. while maintaining macroeconomic stability and keeping pace with demographic changes) + + @@ -15013,6 +29239,8 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. sustainable management management approach which efficiently integrates economic, environmental and social issues with the aim of creating long-term benefits and securing the support, cooperation, and trust of the local community in a way that will benefit the current and the future generations + + @@ -15021,12 +29249,22 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. sustainable resource use use of natural resources in a way and at a rate that does not lead to the long-term decline of biological diversity, thereby maintaining its potential to meet the needs and aspirations of present and future generations + + + + + + + sustainable tourism Tourism that takes full account of its current and future economic, social and environmental impacts, addressing the needs of visitors, the industry, the environment and host communities + + + @@ -15036,12 +29274,19 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. thermo-mechanical biofuel production treatment of animal by-products under the following conditions + + + + + + transition new definition: multi-dimensional and fundamental processes of change in socio-technical systems and their interactions with ecosystems + @@ -15049,12 +29294,22 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. transitional waters - bodies of surface water in the vicinity of river mouths which are partly saline in character as a result of their proximity to coastal waters but which are substantially influnced by freshwater flows + waters between the land and sea, including fjords, estuaries, lagoons, deltas and rias + eaux de transition + eaux situées entre la terre et la mer, notamment les fjords, estuaires, lagons, deltas et rias + acque di transizione + acque tra la terra e il mare, inclusi fiordi, estuari, lagune, delta e valli a mare + overgangswater + water tussen het land en de zee, waaronder fjorden, riviermondingen, lagunes, delta's en ria's + Übergangsgewässer + Gewässer zwischen Land und Meer, einschließlich Fjorden, Mündungsgebieten, Lagunen, Deltas und Rias + tree biomass total amount of living organic matter in trees expressed as oven-dry biomass per unit area (usually in tonnes/hectare) + @@ -15065,22 +29320,30 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. troposheric aerosol composed of various chemical species + + + underground ecosystem habitats of underground living species buffered from profound climatic modifications and thus retaining a broad diversity of living relicts, the great majority of which being represented by terrestrial, troglobitic species, with a reduced mobility + + unmanaged land areas inaccessible to human intervention due to the remoteness of the locations, lands with essentially no development interest or protection due to limited personal, commercial or social value, as well as lands which are potentially of economic value but remain unmanaged due to low population density, remoteness, etc. + + urban biodiversity variety and richness of living organisms, including genetic variation and habitat diversity, found in and on the edge of human settlements + @@ -15090,12 +29353,17 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. urban environment assessment process of data collection, profile and consultations designed to provide an informational and consensual basis for preparing an urban environmental management strategy + + + urban mobility set of transportation and circulation policies and measures which seek to provide ample and democratic access to the urban space, through prioritization of mass transit means of transportation + + @@ -15107,15 +29375,17 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.cobalt A metallic element used chiefly in alloys. cobalt - Kobalt - kobalt cobalto + kobalt + Kobalt + Urban Waste Water Treatment Directive EU directive aiming to protect the environment from the adverse effects of discharges of waste water from urban areas and industry + @@ -15129,8 +29399,11 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. - urban wastewater treatment + urban waste water treatment treatment of wastewater in urban wastewater plants, usually operated by public authorities or private companies mandated by public authorities + + + @@ -15140,12 +29413,19 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. vulnerability assessment analysis of the expected impacts, risks and the adaptive capacity of a region or sector to the effects of climate change + + + waste incineration destruction of waste where the main purpose of the destruction is the thermal treatment of waste in order to reduce the volume and the hazardousness of the waste. + + + + @@ -15154,6 +29434,8 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. waste gas treatment processes in which the gas emissions from waste disposal are converted into harmless substances by means of chemical reactions + + @@ -15163,6 +29445,9 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. waste incineration plant any stationary or mobile technical unit and equipment dedicated to the thermal treatment of waste with or without recovery of the combustion heat generated + + + @@ -15173,13 +29458,18 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. waste management system system developed for the collection, transport, recovery and disposal of waste, including the supervision of such operations and the after-care of disposal sites + + + - wastewater collection + waste water collection process of collecting wastewater from the time it exits residential and industrial sites to the point it arrives at the wastewater treatment plant + + @@ -15189,8 +29479,12 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. - wastewater treatment plant + waste water treatment plant infrastructure providing a series of treatment processes aiming to reduce the level of pollution of wastewater received to an acceptable level before discharge into the receiving waters + + + + @@ -15201,6 +29495,8 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. water efficiency the output over time of a given major sector per volume of (net) water withdrawn + + @@ -15213,14 +29509,24 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.cockroach The most primitive of the living winged insects. It is thought they have been unchanged for more than 300 million years, and are among the oldest fossil insects. Cockroaches are usually found in tropical climates, but a few species, out of the total 3.500 known species, have become pests. They are common household pests in many countries, imported by ship and carried home in grocery bags. Cockroaches eat plant and animal products, including food, paper, clothing and soiled hospital waste, fouling everything they touch with their droppings and unpleasant odour, to which many people are allergic. They are a major health hazard and carry harmful bacteria, protozoan parasites and faunal pathogens, including those that cause typhoid, leprosy and salmonella. Conventional insecticides make little or no impact on the cockroaches population. cafards - Schabe - kakkerlakken scarafaggi + kakkerlakken + Schabe + Water Framework Directive Directive 2000/60/EC establishing a framework for Community action in the field of water policy + directive-cadre sur l'eau + directive 2000/60/CE établissant un cadre pour une politique communautaire dans le domaine de l'eau + direttiva quadro sulle acque + Direttiva 2000/60/CE del Parlamento europeo e del Consiglio, del 23 ottobre 2000, che istituisce un quadro per l'azione comunitaria in materia di acque + kaderrichtlijn water + Richtlijn 2000/60/EG tot vaststelling van een kader voor communautaire maatregelen betreffende het waterbeleid + Wasserrahmenrichtlinie + Richtlinie 2000/60/EG des Europäischen Parlaments und des Rates zur Schaffung eines Ordnungsrahmens für Maßnahmen der Gemeinschaft im Bereich der Wasserpolitik + @@ -15236,6 +29542,7 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. water policy environmental sustainability in the management of water resources, via integrated ecosystem approaches, access to good quality water in sufficient quantity and contribution to the internationally agreed targets and goals relevant to water and socio-economic development + @@ -15244,6 +29551,15 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. water scarcity situation in which water demand exceeds the water resources exploitable under sustainable conditions + + + + + + + + + @@ -15252,6 +29568,9 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. water stress sub-optimal disponibility of water which makes impossible to meet human and ecological demand + + + @@ -15260,6 +29579,8 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. water use use of water by agriculture, industry, energy production and households, including in-stream uses such as fishing, recreation, transportation and waste disposal. + + @@ -15273,6 +29594,8 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. wilderness relatively untouched natural areas that have not been significantly modified by human activity, including core areas for nature on land or at sea where nature and wildlife thrive + + @@ -15282,16 +29605,20 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. world biocapacity The global capacity of ecosystems to regenerate what people demand from those surfarces + + World Health Organization international organisation, directing and coordinating authority for health within the United Nations which supports member states in coordinating funds, foundations, civil society organisations and the private sector to meet health objectives and support national health policies and strategies + - Foresight + foresight Forward-looking approach that aims to help decision-makers explore and anticipate in a participatory way what might happen, as well as prepare for a range of possible future scenarios, influence them and shape the futures. Foresight typically involves systematic, participatory, future-intelligence-gathering and medium-to-long-term vision-building processes to uncover a range of possible alternative future visions. Key foresight methods include horizon scanning and scenario building. + @@ -15300,8 +29627,9 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. - Forward-looking studies + forward-looking studies Studies aiming at providing information and advice for shaping the future. The results of forward-looking studies can be fed into the foresight processes, as well as into other strategic decision-making processes, but taken alone they cannot deliver the governance-related benefits that foresight processes offer. Examples of forward-looking studies are environmental outlooks and scenario and megatrend studies. + @@ -15311,16 +29639,18 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. - Futures essay + futures essay Written story lines (based on a literature review and on creative and logical thinking of the authors) used as parts of a horizon scan or a scenario study. A story line consists of a coherent description of several possible or desirable future developments and/or events which can lead to a possible or desirable future. + - Forecasting + forecasting Forward-looking approach aimed at exploring and predicting a surprise-free future. On the basis of assumed continuity or expected events, trends are projected and extrapolated from the past into the future. Key forecasting methods are trend-extrapolation techniques and modeling. + @@ -15328,13 +29658,145 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. + + household waste + waste from accommodation used purely for living purposes and which is disposed of via the normal mixed domestic refuse collection + déchets ménagers + déchets provenant des habitations et éliminés par l'intermédiaire de la collecte mixte normale des déchets ménagers + rifiuto domestico + rifiuti di alloggi utilizzati esclusivamente a scopi residenziali, che vengono smaltiti attraverso la normale raccolta dei rifiuti domestici indifferenziati + huishoudelijk afval + afval dat afkomstig is van een verblijf dat uitsluitend voor bewoning wordt gebruikt, en dat wordt verwijderd via de normale gemengde huisvuilinzameling + Hausmüll + Abfall, der in Haushalten ausschließlich aus Wohnzwecken entsteht und der als normaler gemischter Haushaltsabfall entsorgt wird + + + + + indoor smoke + air pollution that contains a range of health-damaging pollutants, such as small particles and carbon monoxide (CO), and levels of particulate pollutants that can many times be higher than accepted guideline values for indoor spaces + fumée domestique + pollution de l'air qui contient de nombreux polluants nocifs pour la santé, tels que des particules fines et du monoxyde de carbone (CO), et des niveaux de particules polluantes qui peuvent être beaucoup plus élevés que les valeurs de référence communément acceptées pour les espaces intérieurs + fumo in ambienti chiusi + inquinamento atmosferico che contiene una serie di inquinanti dannosi per la salute, come piccole particelle e monossido di carbonio (CO), e livelli di particolato inquinante che possono essere di molte volte superiori ai valori ammessi dalle linee guida per spazi interni + rook in binnenruimte + luchtverontreiniging die een reeks gezondheidschadelijke verontreinigende stoffen bevat, zoals kleine deeltjes en koolstofmonoxide (CO), en ook niveaus van specifieke verontreinigende stoffen die vele keren hoger kunnen zijn dan de aanvaardbare richtwaarden voor binnenruimten + Rauch in Innenräumen + Luftverunreinigung durch eine Reihe gesundheitsschädigender Schadstoffe, wie feine Partikel und Kohlenstoffmonoxid (CO) sowie partikelförmige Schadstoffe, deren Wert um ein Vielfaches höher sein kann als die akzeptierten Richtwerte für Innenräume + + + + + Infrastructure for spatial information in Europe + Directive establishing an infrastructure for spatial information in Europe to support Community environmental policies and policies or activities which may have an impact on the environment. + directive INSPIRE + directive établissant une infrastructure d'information géographique en Europe afin de soutenir les politiques environnementales communautaires ainsi que les politiques ou activités pouvant avoir une incidence sur l'environnement + INSPIRE + Scopo della direttiva è di stabilire norme generali volte all’istituzione dell'Infrastruttura per l'informazione territoriale nella Comunità europea per gli scopi delle politiche ambientali comunitarie e delle politiche o delle attività che possono avere ripercussioni sull'ambiente. + Inspire + Richtlijn tot oprichting van een infrastructuur voor ruimtelijke informatie in Europa, ter ondersteuning van het milieubeleid van de Gemeenschap en van beleidsgebieden of activiteiten die het milieu kunnen beïnvloeden + INSPIRE + Richtlinie zur Schaffung einer Geodateninfrastruktur in Europa für die Unterstützung einer gemeinschaftlichen Umweltpolitik sowie anderer politischer Maßnahmen oder sonstiger Tätigkeiten, die Auswirkungen auf die Umwelt haben können + + + + + landfill waste + waste put on or in the ground + déchets mis en décharge + déchets placés sur le sol ou enfouis dans le sol + rifiuti destinati alle discariche + rifiuti depositati sul terreno o nel terreno + stortplaatsafval + afval dat op of in de grond geplaatst is + Deponieabfälle + Abfälle, die auf dem oder im Boden abgelegt werden + + + + + + landfill waste flows + waste which is deposited in landfill, characterised according to the European Waste Catalogue, and which adds to the inventory of landfill already in place, covering commercial, industrial and household sources, and excluding fractions already recovered for re-use, recycling or incineration + flux de déchets mis en décharge + déchets mis en décharge, caractérisés selon le catalogue européen des déchets, et qui s'ajoutent à l'inventaire des décharges déjà en place, couvrant les sources commerciales, industrielles et ménagères, à l'exclusion des fractions déjà récupérées à des fins de réutilisation, de recyclage ou d'incinération + flussi di rifiuti da destinarsi a discarica + rifiuti depositati in discarica, caratterizzati secondo il catalogo europeo dei rifiuti e che si aggiungono all'inventario esistente della discarica; comprendono rifiuti di origine commerciale, industriale e domestica, mentre sono escluse le frazioni già recuperate per il riutilizzo, il riciclaggio o l'incenerimento + stortplaatsafvalstromen + afval dat afkomstig is van commerciële, industriële en huishoudelijke bronnen en wordt gestort op een stortplaats, gekenmerkt overeenkomstig de Europese Afvalcatalogus, en dat de hoeveelheid aanwezig stortplaatsafval verhoogt, zonder de fracties die al gerecupereerd zijn voor hergebruik, recycling of verbranding + Abfallströme auf Deponien + Abfälle, die auf einer Abfalldeponie gelagert werden, die entsprechend dem Europäischen Abfallkatalog beschrieben sind und zu den bereits bestehenden Abfalldeponien hinzugefügt werden, und die aus Gewerbe, Industrie und Haushalt stammen, wobei Bestandteile ausgenommen sind, die bereits für Wiederverwendung, Recycling oder Verbrennung eingesammelt wurden + + + + + organic waste water + organic biodegradable wastewater containing organic pollutants, such as sewage, industrial wastewater and the like + eaux usées organiques + eaux usées organiques biodégradables contenant des polluants, tels que les eaux d'égout, les eaux industrielles usées, etc. + acque reflue organiche + acque reflue biodegradabili organiche contenenti inquinanti organici quali liquami, acque reflue industriali e simili + organisch afvalwater + organisch biologisch afbreekbaar afvalwater dat organische verontreinigende stoffen bevat, zoals rioolwater, industrieel afvalwater en dergelijke + organisches Abwasser + organisches, biologisch abbaubares Abwasser, das organische Schadstoffe enthält, z. B. Kanalisationswasser oder industrielles Abwasser + + + + + + policy effectiveness + use of particular policy instruments, in such a way as to increase the chance to achieve the defined policy target + efficacité des politiques + utilisation de certains instruments politiques, de façon à améliorer les chances d'atteindre l'objectif politique défini + efficacia delle politiche + impiego di particolari strumenti politici, in modo da aumentare la possibilità di raggiungere l'obiettivo politico stabilito + beleidseffectiviteit + inzet van bepaalde beleidsinstrumenten om de kans te vergroten dat het vastgelegde beleidsdoel behaald wordt + Wirksamkeit politischer Maßnahmen + Einsatz bestimmter politischer Instrumente, um die Wahrscheinlichkeit zu erhöhen, dass das festgelegte politische Ziel erreicht wird + + + + + temperature change + change to the global average temperature that can lead to climate change + évolution de la température + évolution de la température moyenne mondiale pouvant entraîner un changement climatique + cambiamento della temperatura + cambiamento della temperatura media globale che può portare a cambiamenti climatici + temperatuurverandering + verandering in de mondiale gemiddelde temperatuur die kan leiden tot klimaatverandering + Temperaturveränderung + Veränderung der globalen Durchschnittstemperatur, die zum Klimawandel führen kann + + + + + flue gas desulphurisation + abatement end-of-pipe technology, which is fitted to large combustion plants such as power plants + désulfuration des gaz de combustion + technique de réduction en fin de cycle adaptée aux grandes installations de combustion telles que les centrales électriques + desolforazione dei gas di scarico + tecnologie di abbattimento a valle del processo produttivo, di cui sono dotati i grandi impianti di combustione come le centrali elettriche + rookgasontzwaveling + nabehandelingsapparatuur die aan het einde van de pijpleiding wordt geïnstalleerd in grote verbrandingsinstallaties zoals elektriciteitscentrales + Rauchgasentschwefelung + tertiäre Minderungstechnik, die für Großfeuerungsanlagen, z. B. Kraftwerke, konzipiert ist + + + + chemical oxygen demand The quantity of oxygen used in biological and non-biological oxidation of materials in water; a measure of water quality. demande chimique en oxygène - Chemischer Sauerstoffbedarf - chemische zuurstofverbruik richiesta chimica di ossigeno + chemische zuurstofverbruik + Chemischer Sauerstoffbedarf + + + @@ -15343,18 +29805,20 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.code of practice A systematic collection of procedures outlining the established method of application of all relevant laws, rules or regulations to a specific endeavor. code de mise en pratique - Regel der Technik - standaardprocedurenorm codice tecnico + standaardprocedurenorm + Regel der Technik + code A systematic collection, compendium or revision of laws, rules, or regulations. A private or official compilation of all permanent laws in force consolidated and classified according to subject matter. Many states have published official codes of all laws in force, including the common law and statutes as judicially interpreted, which have been compiled by code commissions and enacted by the legislatures. code - Gesetzbuch - code codice + code + Gesetzbuch + @@ -15363,9 +29827,10 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.coelenterate Animals that have a single body cavity (the coelenteron). The name was formerly given to a phylum comprising the Cnidaria and Ctenophora, but these are now regarded as phyla in their own right, and the name Coelenterata has fallen from use, although it is sometimes used as a synonym for Cnidaria. coelentérés - Hohltier - holtedieren celenterati + holtedieren + Hohltier + @@ -15373,9 +29838,10 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.cogeneration Usually the generation of heat in the form of steam, and the generation of power in the form of electricity. Combined heat and power plants are able to convert a much higher proportion of the energy in fuel into final output. The steam produced may be used through heat exchangers in a district heating scheme, while the electricity provides lighting and power. cogénération - Kraft-Wärme-Kopplung - warmtekrachtkoppeling cogenerazione + warmtekrachtkoppeling + Kraft-Wärme-Kopplung + @@ -15385,9 +29851,12 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.co-incineration Joint incineration of hazardous waste, in any form, with refuse and/or sludge. co-incinération - Mitverbrennung - gezamenlijke verbranding co-incenerimento + gezamenlijke verbranding + Mitverbrennung + + + @@ -15396,17 +29865,21 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.coke A coherent, cellular, solid residue remaining from the dry distillation of a coking coal or of pitch, petroleum, petroleum residue, or other carbonaceous materials; contains carbon as its principal constituent. coke - Koks - cokes coke + cokes + Koks + + cold froid - Kälte - koude freddo + koude + Kälte + + @@ -15415,9 +29888,11 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.cold zone ecosystem The interacting system of a biological community and its non-living environmental surroundings located in climatic regions where the air temperature is below 10° Celsius for eight to eleven months of the year. écosystème de zone froide - Ökosystem eines Kaltgebietes - ecosysteem van/in koude gebieden ecosistema delle zone fredde + ecosysteem van/in koude gebieden + Ökosystem eines Kaltgebietes + + @@ -15425,9 +29900,11 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.coliform bacterium A group of bacteria that are normally abundant in the intestinal tracts of human and other warm-blooded animals and are used as indicators (being measured as the number of individuals found per millilitre of water) when testing the sanitary quality of water. colibacilles - Kolibakterien - colibacteriën colibatteri + colibacteriën + Kolibakterien + + @@ -15435,18 +29912,23 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.colloid An intimate mixture of two substances, one of which, called the dispersed phase, is uniformly distributed in a finely divided state through the second substance, called the dispersion medium. colloïde - Kolloid - colloïde colloide + colloïde + Kolloid + + + + colloidal state A system of particles in a dispersion medium, with properties distinct from those of a true solution because of the larger size of the particles. The presence of these particles can often be detected by means of the ultramicroscope. état colloïdal - Kolloidaler Zustand - colloïdale toestand stato colloidale + colloïdale toestand + Kolloidaler Zustand + @@ -15454,18 +29936,22 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.colonisation The successful invasion of a new habitat by a species. colonisation - Besiedlung - kolonisatie colonizzazione + kolonisatie + Besiedlung + aerosol A gaseous suspension of ultramicroscopic particles of a liquid or a solid. aérosol - Aerosol - aërosol aerosol + aërosol + Aerosol + + + @@ -15475,18 +29961,22 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.colourimetry Any technique by which an unknown colour is evaluated in terms of standard colours; the technique may be visual, photoelectric or indirect by means of spectrophotometry. colorimétrie - Kolorimetrie - colorimetrie colorimetria + colorimetrie + Kolorimetrie + + + colour An attribute of things that results from the light they reflect, transmit, or emit in so far as this light causes a visual sensation that depends on its wavelengths. couleur - Farbe - kleur colore + kleur + Farbe + @@ -15494,9 +29984,13 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.combination effect A combined effect of two or more substances or organisms which is greater than the sum of the individual effect of each. effet de combinaison - Kombinationswirkung - wisselwerking effetto combinato + wisselwerking + Kombinationswirkung + + + + @@ -15505,18 +29999,22 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.combined cycle-power station This type of plant is flexible in response and can be built in the 100-600 MW capacity range. It produces electrical power from both a gas turbine (ca. 1300°C gas inlet temperature), fuelled by natural gas or oil plus a steam turbine supplied with the steam generated by the 500°C exhaust gases from the gas turbine. The thermal efficiency of these stations is ca. 50 per cent compared with a maximum of 40 per cent from steam turbine coal fired power stations. This type of plant can be built in two years compared with six years for a coal-fired station and 10-15 years for nuclear. centrale mixte - Kombikraftwerk - centrale voor gecombineerde electriciteits-en warmteproductie centrale a ciclo combinato + centrale voor gecombineerde electriciteits-en warmteproductie + Kombikraftwerk + + + combined waste water A mixture of domestic or industrial wastewater and surface runoff. eaux usées issues d'un réseau d'assainissement unitaire - Mischwasser - gecombineerd afvalwater acqua mista di rifiuto + gecombineerd afvalwater + Mischwasser + @@ -15525,9 +30023,11 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.combustibility The property of a substance of being capable of igniting and burning. combustibilité - Brennbarkeit - brandbaarheid combustibilità + brandbaarheid + Brennbarkeit + + @@ -15535,9 +30035,12 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.combustion engine An engine that operates by the energy of combustion of a fuel. moteur à combustion - Verbrennungsmotor - verbrandingsmotor motore a combustione + verbrandingsmotor + Verbrennungsmotor + + + @@ -15548,9 +30051,10 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.combustion gas The exhaust gas from a combustion process. It may contain nitrogen oxides, carbon oxides, water vapour, sulfur oxides, particles and many chemical pollutants. gaz de combustion - Verbrennungsabgas - verbrandingsgas gas di combustione + verbrandingsgas + Verbrennungsabgas + @@ -15559,9 +30063,12 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.combustion residue A residual layer of ash on the heat-exchange surfaces of a combustion chamber, resulting from the burning of fuel. résidu de combustion - Verbrennungsrückstand - verbrandingsrest residuo di combustione + verbrandingsrest + Verbrennungsrückstand + + + @@ -15571,18 +30078,21 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.commercialisation Holding or displaying for sale, offering for sale, selling, delivering or placing on the market in any other form. commercialisation - Kommerzialisierung - commercialisatie commercializzazione + commercialisatie + Kommerzialisierung + + commercial law The whole body of substantive jurisprudence applicable to the rights, intercourse and relations of persons engaged in commerce, trade or mercantile pursuits. droit commercial - Handelsrecht - handelsrecht diritto commerciale + handelsrecht + Handelsrecht + @@ -15593,9 +30103,10 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.commercial noise Noise emitted from commercial activities. bruit des activités commerciales - Handelslärm - bedrijfslawaai rumore di origine commerciale + bedrijfslawaai + Handelslärm + @@ -15604,9 +30115,14 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.commercial traffic The operations and movements related to the transportation and exchange of goods. trafic commercial - Handelsverkehr - zakelijk verkeer traffico commerciale + zakelijk verkeer + Handelsverkehr + + + + + @@ -15615,18 +30131,21 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.commercial vehicle Vehicle designed and equipped for the transportation of goods. véhicule commercial - Nutzfahrzeug - bedrijfsvoertuig veicolo commerciale + bedrijfsvoertuig + Nutzfahrzeug + trade waste All types of waste generated by offices, restaurants, shops, warehouses and other such non-manufacturing sources, and non-processing waste generated at manufacturing facilities such as office and packaging waste. déchets issus de l'activité commerciale (déchets banals) - Handelsmüll - industrie-afval rifiuto del commercio + industrie-afval + Handelsmüll + + @@ -15634,27 +30153,33 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.common agricultural policy The set of regulations and practices adopted by member countries of the European Community that consolidates efforts in promoting or ensuring reasonable pricing, fair standards of living, stable markets, increased farm productivity and methods for dealing with food supply or surplus. politique agricole commune - Gemeinsame Agrarpolitik - gemeenschappelijk landbouwbeleid politica agricola comune + gemeenschappelijk landbouwbeleid + Gemeinsame Agrarpolitik + + + common agreement A system of law established by following earlier judicial decisions and customs, rather than statutory or legislatively enacted law. règle générale - Gemeinsame Regeln - gemeenschappelijke regeling accordi comuni + gemeenschappelijke regeling + Gemeinsame Regeln + - communications + communication The concept, science, technique and process of transmitting, receiving or otherwise exchanging information and data. communication - Kommunikation - communicatie comunicazione + communicatie + Kommunikation + + @@ -15667,9 +30192,10 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.1) All of the plants and animals in an area or volume; a complex association usually containing both animals and plants. 2) Any naturally occurring group of organisms that occupy a common environment. communauté écologique - Ökologische Gesellschaft - ecologische (levens)gemeenschap comunità (ecologia) + ecologische (levens)gemeenschap + Ökologische Gesellschaft + @@ -15677,9 +30203,10 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.Community law The law of European Community (as opposed to the national laws of the member states.) It consists of the treaties establishing the EC (together with subsequent amending treaties) community legislation, and decisions of the court of justice of the European Communities. Any provision of the treaties or of community legislation that is directly applicable or directly effective in a member state forms part of the law of that state and prevails over its national law in the event of any inconsistency between the two. droit communautaire - Gemeinschaftsrecht - wet van de Europese Gemeenschap diritto comunitario + wet van de Europese Gemeenschap + Gemeinschaftsrecht + @@ -15689,35 +30216,43 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.community participation Involvement in public or private actions, as members or as a member of a particular ethnic, political or social group, with the purpose of exerting influence. participation communautaire - Kommunale Beteiligung - inspraak partecipazione della comunità + inspraak + Kommunale Beteiligung + community-pays principle A tenet of environmental policy, according to which the costs of ecological challenges, environmental quality improvements and the removal of environmental hazards are allotted to community groups or local corporations and, thereby, to the general public. principe de paiement communautaire - Gemeinlastprinzip - het vervuiler-betaalt-principe principio per cui la comunità paga + het vervuiler-betaalt-principe + Gemeinlastprinzip + + commuter traffic Traffic caused by people travelling regularly over some distance, as between a suburb and a city and back, between their place of residence and their place of work. migration pendulaire - Pendelverkehr - woon-werkverkeer traffico pendolare + woon-werkverkeer + Pendelverkehr + + + commuting déplacement journalier domicile-travail - Pendeln - pendelen pendolarismo + pendelen + Pendeln + + @@ -15725,9 +30260,12 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.compaction Reduction of the bulk of solid waste by rolling and tamping. compactage - Verdichtung - samendrukking compattamento + samendrukking + Verdichtung + + + @@ -15735,81 +30273,95 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.company policy Official guidelines or set of guidelines adopted by a company for the management of its activity. politique d'entreprise - Unternehmenspolitik - ondernemingsbeleid politica aziendale + ondernemingsbeleid + Unternehmenspolitik + + aesthetics Considerations, values, and judgements pertaining to the quality of the human perceptual experience (including sight, sound, smell, touch, taste, and movement) evoked by phenomena or components of the environment. esthétique - Ästhetik - esthetica estetica + esthetica + Ästhetik + + comparative law The study of the principles of legal science by the comparison of various systems of law. droit comparé - Rechtsvergleichung - vergelijkend recht diritto comparato + vergelijkend recht + Rechtsvergleichung + comparative test Tests conducted to determine whether one procedure is better than another. test comparatif - Vergleichsuntersuchung - vergelijkend onderzoek ricerca comparata (prova) + vergelijkend onderzoek + Vergleichsuntersuchung + comparison The placing together or juxtaposing of two or more items to ascertain, bring into relief, or establish their similarities and dissimilarities. comparaison - Vergleiche - vergelijking paragone + vergelijking + Vergleiche + + compensation Equivalent in money for a loss sustained; equivalent given for property taken or for an injury done to another; recompense or reward for some loss, injury or service. compensation - Entschädigung - (schade)vergoeding compensazione + (schade)vergoeding + Entschädigung + compensatory measure Any administrative or legislative action, procedure or enactment designed to redress disruptions of ecological integrity or damage to the supply of natural resources. mesure compensatoire - Ökologische Ausgleichsmaßnahme - compenserende maatregel misura compensativa + compenserende maatregel + Ökologische Ausgleichsmaßnahme + compensatory tax Compulsory charge levied by a government for the purpose of redressing or countervailing economic disparity. taxe compensatoire - Ausgleichsabgabe - compenserende belasting tassa compensativa + compenserende belasting + Ausgleichsabgabe + + + competition (biological) The simultaneous demand by two or more organisms or species for an essential common resource that is actually or potentially in limited supply. compétition (biologique) - Biologische Konkurrenz - concurrentie [biologisch] competizione (biologica) + concurrentie [biologisch] + Biologische Konkurrenz + @@ -15818,9 +30370,10 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.economic competition The market condition where an individual or firm that wants to buy or sell a commodity or service has a choice of possible suppliers or customers. concurrence - Konkurrenz (ökonomisch) - concurrentie (economisch) concorrenza economica + concurrentie (economisch) + Konkurrenz (ökonomisch) + @@ -15830,45 +30383,53 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.competitiveness The ability of a firm to strive in the market with rivals in the production and sale of commodities or services and, analogously, the ability of a country to maintain a relatively high standard of living for its citizens through trade in international markets. compétitivité - Wettbewerbsfähigkeit - concurrentievermogen competitività + concurrentievermogen + Wettbewerbsfähigkeit + complex formation Formation of a complex compound. Also known as complexing or complexation. complexation - Komplexbildung - complexering complessazione + complexering + Komplexbildung + complexing agent A substance capable of forming a complex compound with another material in solution. agent complexant - Komplexbildner - complexvormer agente complessante + complexvormer + Komplexbildner + + composite pollution Emissions of ozone-degrading gases (CFCs, halons); emissions of greenhouse gases (carbon dioxide, methane, CFCs, nitrous oxides, halons); emissions of acidifying gases (sulfur oxides, nitrogen oxides); emissions of substances that contribute to eutrophication (phosphate and nitrogen-containing materials); emissions of toxic materials (pesticides, radioactive substances, priority toxic substances); solid wastes returned to the environment. pollution composite - Mehrkomponentenverunreinigung - samengestelde verontreiniging inquinamento combinato + samengestelde verontreiniging + Mehrkomponentenverunreinigung + compost A mixture of decaying organic matter used to fertilize and condition the soil. compost - Kompost - compost compost + compost + Kompost + + + @@ -15877,9 +30438,11 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.compostable waste Waste consisting largely of biodegradable organic matter. déchet fermentescible - Kompostierbarer Abfall - composteerbaar afval rifiuto degradabile + composteerbaar afval + Kompostierbarer Abfall + + @@ -15892,9 +30455,11 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.composting The natural biological decomposition of organic material in the presence of air to form a humus-like material. Controlled methods of composting include mechanical mixing and aerating, ventilating the materials by dropping them through a vertical series of aerated chambers, or placing the compost in piles out in the open air and mixing it or turning it periodically. compostage - Kompostierung - composteren compostaggio + composteren + Kompostierung + + @@ -15902,18 +30467,22 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. composting by producer compostage par le producteur - Eigenkompostierung - compostering door de producent compostaggio da parte del produttore + compostering door de producent + Eigenkompostierung + + compression Reduction in the volume of a substance due to pressure. compression - Kompression - samendrukking compressione + samendrukking + Kompression + + @@ -15921,26 +30490,30 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.compressor A mechanical device a) to provide the desired pressure for chemical and physical reactions, b) to control boiling points of fluids, as in gas separation, refrigeration, and evaporation, c) to evacuate enclosed volumes, d) to transport gases or vapors, e) to store compressible fluids as gases or liquids under pressure and assist in recovering them from storage or tank cars, and f) to convert mechanical energy to fluid energy for operating instruments, air agitation, fluidization, solid transport, blowcases, air tools, and motors. compresseur - Kompressor - luchtverdichter compressore + luchtverdichter + Kompressor + + compulsory use usage obligatoire - Benutzungszwang - verplicht gebruik uso coercitivo + verplicht gebruik + Benutzungszwang + European Communities The collective body that resulted in 1967 from the merger of the administrative networks of the European Atomic Energy Community (EURATOM), the European Coal and Steel Community (ECSC), and the European Economic Community (EEC). The singular term has also been widely used. Communautés européennes - Europäische Gemeinschaften - Europese Gemeenschappen Comunità Europee + Europese Gemeenschappen + Europäische Gemeinschaften + @@ -15949,9 +30522,11 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. boisement - Aufforstung - bosaanplanting forestazione + bosaanplanting + Aufforstung + + @@ -15961,9 +30536,10 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.concentration (value) In solutions, the mass, volume, or number of moles of solute present in proportion to the amount of solvent or total solution. concentration (valeur) - Konzentration - concentratie [waarde] concentrazione + concentratie [waarde] + Konzentration + @@ -15978,105 +30554,128 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.concentration (process) The process of increasing the quantity of a component in a solution. The opposite of dilution. concentration (procédé) - Konzentrierung - concentratie [proces] concentrazione (processo) + concentratie [proces] + Konzentrierung + + + concrete A mixture of aggregate, water, and a binder, usually Portland cement; it hardens to stonelike condition when dry. béton - Beton - beton calcestruzzo + beton + Beton + + concrete products industry industrie du béton - Betonsteinindustrie - betonnijverheid industria dei manufatti di calcestruzzo + betonnijverheid + Betonsteinindustrie + + + condensation (process) Transformation from a gas to a liquid. condensation - Kondensation - condensatie condensazione + condensatie + Kondensation + + + conductivity The ratio of the electric current density to the electric field in a material. Also known as electrical conductivity. conductivité - Leitfähigkeit - geleidend vermogen conduttività + geleidend vermogen + Leitfähigkeit + + conflicting use usage incompatible - Nutzungskonflikt - tegenstrijdig gebruik conflitto d'uso + tegenstrijdig gebruik + Nutzungskonflikt + + conflict of aims conflit d'objectifs - Zielkonflikt - tegenstrijdigheid van (streef)doelen conflitto di obiettivi + tegenstrijdigheid van (streef)doelen + Zielkonflikt + conflict of interests Clash between public interest and the private pecuniary interest of the individual concerned. A situation in which regard for one duty tends to lead to disregard of another. conflit d'intérêts - Interessenkonflikt - belangenconflict conflitto di interessi + belangenconflict + Interessenkonflikt + congress A formal meeting, often consisting of representatives of various organizations, that is assembled to promote, discuss or make arrangements regarding a particular subject or some matter of common interest. congrès - Tagung - congres congresso + congres + Tagung + conifer An order of conebearing plants which includes nearly all the present day Gymnospermae. Most are tall evergreen trees with needle-like (e.g., pines), linear (e.g. firs) or scale-like (e.g., cedars) leaves. They are characteristic of temperate zones and the main forest trees of colder regions. They provide timber, resins, tars, turpentine and pulp for paper. conifère - Nadelbaum - naaldbomen conifere + naaldbomen + Nadelbaum + + coniferous forest A forest type characterized by cone-bearing, needle-leaved trees. They are generally, but not necessarily, evergreen and relatively shallow-rooted. Since they grow more rapidly than most broad-leaved trees, conifers are extensively planted as a source of softwood timber and pulp. They are tolerant of wide-ranging climatic conditions, of many different types of soil and of considerable differences in terrain. Thus, they are found from the polar latitudes to the tropics, on most types of soils (especially, thin acid soils) and from mountain summits to coastal environments. forêt de conifères - Nadelwald - naaldbos foresta di conifere + naaldbos + Nadelwald + + Africa The second largest of the continents, on the Mediterranean in the north, the Atlantic in the west, and the Red Sea, Gulf of Aden, and Indian Ocean in the east. The Sahara desert divides the continent unequally into North Africa and Africa south of Sahara. The largest lake is Lake Victoria and the chief rivers are the Nile, Niger, Congo, and Zambezi. The hottest continent, Africa has vast mineral resources, many of which are still undeveloped. Afrique - Afrika - Afrika Africa + Afrika + Afrika + @@ -16087,18 +30686,22 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. conservation conservation - Konservierung - behoud conservazione + behoud + Konservierung + + freshwater conservation Controlled utilization, protection or improvement of a natural body of water that does not contain significant amounts of dissolved salts and minerals, such as a lake or river. préservation des réserves en eau douce - Süßwasserschutz - zoetwaterbescherming conservazione dell'acqua dolce + zoetwaterbescherming + Süßwasserschutz + + @@ -16106,71 +30709,89 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.conservation of genetic resources Controlled utilization, protection and development of the gene pool of natural and cultivated organisms to ensure variety and variability and for current and potential value to human welfare. préservation des ressources génétiques - Schutz von Genressourcen - bescherming genetisch materiaal conservazione delle risorse genetiche + bescherming genetisch materiaal + Schutz von Genressourcen + + + conservation of monuments Measures adopted for the protection and the maintenance of hystorical and art monuments. conservation des monuments - Denkmalerhaltung - monumentenzorg conservazione dei monumenti + monumentenzorg + Denkmalerhaltung + + + afterburning An afterburner is a gadget fitted to the exhaust flues of furnaces and also to the exhaust systems of motor vehicles. They remove polluting gases and particles, which are the result of incompletely combusted fuel, by incineration and break down other chemical molecules associated with combustion into inert chemicals. post-combustion - Nachverbrennung - naverbranding postcombustione + naverbranding + Nachverbrennung + + + constitutional law That branch of the public law of a nation or state which treats of the organization, powers and frame of government, the distribution of political and governmental authorities and functions, the fundamental principles which are to regulate the relations of government and citizen and which prescribes generally the plan and method according to which the public affairs of the nation or state are to be administered. droit constitutionnel - Verfassungsrecht - staatsrecht diritto costituzionale + staatsrecht + Verfassungsrecht + construction equipment Heavy power machines which perform specific construction or demolition functions. engin de chantier - Baumaschine - bouwuitrusting macchinario per l'edilizia + bouwuitrusting + Baumaschine + + construction noise Noise resulting from construction activities such as site preparation, site clearance, demolition of existing buildings, piling, concreting, erection of structures, etc. bruit de construction - Baulärm - lawaaihinder door bouwactiviteiten rumore da costruzione + lawaaihinder door bouwactiviteiten + Baulärm + + construction of installations construction d'installations - Anlagenbau - installatie- of apparatenbouw costruzione di installazioni + installatie- of apparatenbouw + Anlagenbau + + construction technology technologie du bâtiment - Bautechnik - bouwtechnologie tecnologia delle costruzioni + bouwtechnologie + Bautechnik + + @@ -16181,9 +30802,12 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.age The period of time that a person, animal or plant has lived or is expected to live. âge - Lebensalter - leeftijd età + leeftijd + Lebensalter + + + @@ -16191,18 +30815,23 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.construction with recycled material Construction with waste product used as raw material. construction avec des matériaux recyclés - Recyclinggerechte Konstruktion - bouw met hergebruik-materiaal costruzione con materiale riciclato + bouw met hergebruik-materiaal + Recyclinggerechte Konstruktion + + + construction work The construction, rehabilitation, alteration, conversion, extension, demolition or repair of buildings, highways, or other changes or improvement to real property, including facilities providing utility services. The term also includes the supervision, inspection, and other on-site functions incidental to the actual construction. travaux de construction - Bauarbeit - het bouwen lavori di costruzione + het bouwen + Bauarbeit + + @@ -16215,18 +30844,21 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.consultation Any meeting or inquiry of concerned persons or advisors for the purpose of deliberation, discussion or decision on some matter or action. consultation - Beratung - overleg consultazione + overleg + Beratung + consumer behaviour An observable pattern of activity concerned with the purchase of goods and services and susceptible to the influence of marketing and advertising strategies. comportement des consommateurs - Konsumverhalten - gedrag verbruiker comportamento del consumatore + gedrag verbruiker + Konsumverhalten + + @@ -16235,18 +30867,22 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.consumer goods Manufactured products intended primarily for personal use by individuals or families and classified as either durables or non-durables, depending on length of use. bien de consommation - Konsumgüter - verbruiksgoederen bene di consumo + verbruiksgoederen + Konsumgüter + + consumer group A collection of persons united to address concerns regarding the purchase and use of specific commodities or services. groupement de consommateurs - Verbrauchergruppe - verbruikersgroep gruppo di consumatori + verbruikersgroep + Verbrauchergruppe + + @@ -16255,9 +30891,12 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.consumer information Factual, circumstantial and, often, comparative knowledge concerning various goods, services or events, their quality and the entities producing them. information des consommateurs - Verbraucherinformation - verbruikersinformatie informazione al consumatore + verbruikersinformatie + Verbraucherinformation + + + @@ -16265,18 +30904,21 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.consumer protection Information disseminated or measures and programs established to prevent and reduce damage, injury or loss to users of specific commodities and services. protection des consommateurs - Verbraucherschutz - verbruikersbescherming tutela del consumatore + verbruikersbescherming + Verbraucherschutz + consumer waste Materials purchased, used and discarded by the buyer, or consumer, as opposed to those discarded in a manufacturing process. déchets assimilés aux ordures ménagères - Verbraucherrückstände - verbruikersafval rifiuto da consumo + verbruikersafval + Verbraucherrückstände + + @@ -16284,9 +30926,11 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.consumption Spending for survival or enjoyment in contrast to providing for future use or production. consommation - Konsum - verbruik consumo + verbruik + Konsum + + @@ -16296,9 +30940,11 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.consumption pattern The combination of qualities, quantities, acts and tendencies characterizing a community or human group's use of resources for survival, comfort and enjoyment. mode de consommation - Verbrauchsmuster - vebruikspatroon modello di consumo + vebruikspatroon + Verbrauchsmuster + + @@ -16316,9 +30962,11 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.container A large case that can be transported by truck and than easily loaded on a ship. conteneur - Behälter - container contenitore + container + Behälter + + @@ -16330,27 +30978,31 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.containment (nuclear industry) The reinforced steel or concrete vessel that encloses a nuclear reactor. It is designed to withstand minor explosions in the core, to keep radionuclides from escaping into the environment, and to be safe against terrorist attack. dôme de confinement - Containment - bedwinging (kernindustrie) contenimento (industria nucleare) + bedwinging (kernindustrie) + Containment + contaminated soil Soil which because of its previous or current use has substances under, on or in it which, depending upon their concentration and/or quantity, may represent a direct potential or indirect hazard to man or to the environment. sol contaminé - Verunreinigter Boden - verontreinigde grond suolo contaminato + verontreinigde grond + Verunreinigter Boden + + contamination Introduction into or onto water, air, soil or other media of microorganisms, chemicals, toxic substances, wastes, wastewater or other pollutants in a concentration that makes the medium unfit for its next intended use. contamination - Verseuchung - vervuiling contaminazione + vervuiling + Verseuchung + @@ -16362,9 +31014,10 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.continental shelf The gently sloping seabed of the shallow water nearest to a continent, covering about 45 miles from the shore and deepening over the sloping sea floor to an average depth of 400 ft. It continues until it reaches the continental slope. The continental shelf contains most of the important fishing grounds and a range of resources, including gas and oil, sand and gravel. However, the shelf is, in general, a structural extension of the continent, and so may also be a source of minerals found in that region, such as tin, gold and platinum. plate-forme continentale - Festlandsockel - continentaal plat piattaforma continentale + continentaal plat + Festlandsockel + @@ -16372,27 +31025,30 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.continuous load The amount or quantity of polluting material found in a transporting agent that flows at a steady rate, in contrast to a sudden or dramatic influx. charge continue - Dauerbelastung - continue belasting carico continuo + continue belasting + Dauerbelastung + contour farming The performing of cultivations along lines connecting points of equal elevation so reducing the loss of top soil by erosion, increasing the capacity of the soil to retain water and reducing the pollution of water by soil. cultures selon les courbes de niveau - Höhenlinienanbau - contourbouw coltura secondo curve di livello + contourbouw + Höhenlinienanbau + contract An agreement between two or more persons which creates an obligation to do or not to do a particular thing. Its essential are competent parties, subject matter, a legal consideration, mutuality of agreement, and mutuality of obligation. contrat - Vertrag - overeenkomst contratto + overeenkomst + Vertrag + @@ -16402,18 +31058,20 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.contract cleaner A commercial service provider, usually bound by a written agreement, responsible for the removal of dirt, litter or other unsightly materials from any property. entreprise de nettoyage - Gebäudereiniger - schoonmaakbedrijf impresa di pulizia + schoonmaakbedrijf + Gebäudereiniger + controlled burning The planned use of carefully controlled fire to accomplish predetermined management goals. The burn is set under a combination of weather, fuel moisture, soil moisture, and fuel arrangement conditions that allow the management objectives to be attained, and yet confine the fire to the planned area. brûlage contrôlé - Kontrolliertes Abbrennen - beheerste verbranding incendio controllato + beheerste verbranding + Kontrolliertes Abbrennen + @@ -16421,9 +31079,13 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.controlled hunting zone An administered geographic area in which the pursuit, capture and killing of wild animals for food or sport, is allowed, often with certain restrictions or regulations. zone de chasse contrôlée - Kontrolliertes Jagdgebiet - onder toezicht staande jachtzone zona di caccia controllata + onder toezicht staande jachtzone + Kontrolliertes Jagdgebiet + + + + @@ -16432,17 +31094,20 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.controlling authority The power of a person or an organized assemblage of persons to manage, direct, superintend, restrict, regulate, govern, administer or oversee. autorité de contrôle - Aufsichtsbehörde - controlerende instantie autorità di controllo + controlerende instantie + Aufsichtsbehörde + control measure mesure de contrôle - Kontrollmassnahme - beheersingsmaatregel misura di controllo + beheersingsmaatregel + Kontrollmassnahme + + @@ -16451,9 +31116,11 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. conurbation - Ballungsgebiet - verstedelijkt gebied conurbazione + verstedelijkt gebied + Ballungsgebiet + + @@ -16461,9 +31128,10 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.convention International agreement on a specific topic. convention - Konvention - overeenkomst convenzione + overeenkomst + Konvention + @@ -16475,9 +31143,10 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.conventional energy Power provided by traditional means such as coal, wood, gas, etc., as opposed to alternative energy sources such as solar power, tidal power, wind power, etc. énergie conventionnelle - Herkömmliche Energie - conventionele [niet-nucleaire] energie energia convenzionale + conventionele [niet-nucleaire] energie + Herkömmliche Energie + @@ -16489,9 +31158,10 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.cooling Setting aside a highly radioactive material until the radioactivity has diminished to a desired level. refroidissement - Kühlung - koelen raffreddamento + koelen + Kühlung + @@ -16499,61 +31169,73 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.cooling oil Oil used as a cooling agent, either with forced circulation or with natural circulation. huile de refroidissement - Kühlschmierstoff - koelolie olio per raffreddamento + koelolie + Kühlschmierstoff + cooling tower A device that aids in heat removal from water used as a coolant in electric power generating plants. tour de refroidissement - Kühlturm - koeltoren torre di raffreddamento + koeltoren + Kühlturm + + + + cooling water Water used to make something less hot, such as the irradiated elements from a nuclear reactor or the engine of a machine. eau de refroidissement - Kühlwasser - koelwater acqua di raffreddamento + koelwater + Kühlwasser + + + co-operation coopération - Zusammenarbeit - samenwerking cooperazione + samenwerking + Zusammenarbeit + co-operation principle principe de coopération - Kooperationsprinzip - samenwerkingsprincipe principio di cooperazione + samenwerkingsprincipe + Kooperationsprinzip + co-ordination coordination - Koordinierung - coördinatie coordinazione + coördinatie + Koordinierung + copper A chemical element; one of the most important nonferrous metals; a ductile and malleable metal found in various ores and used in industry, engineering, and the arts in both pure and alloyed form. cuivre - Kupfer - koper rame + koper + Kupfer + @@ -16561,9 +31243,11 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.coppice A growth of small trees that are repeatedly cut down at short intervals; the new shoots are produced by the old stumps. taillis - Niederwald - hakhoutbosje bosco ceduo + hakhoutbosje + Niederwald + + @@ -16571,27 +31255,31 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.coral The skeleton of certain solitary and colonial anthozoan coelenterates; composed chiefly of calcium carbonate. corail - Korallen - koralen coralli + koralen + Korallen + coral reef Coral reefs have been built up from the skeletons of reef-building coral a small primitive marine animal, and other marine animals and algae over thousands of years. They occur in clear, shallow and sunlit seas. Coral reefs are one of the most productive and diverse ecosystems and are estimated to yield about 12% of the world's fish catch. They are very vulnerable to any change in their environment, especially pollution, because it makes the water opaque. They must have light in order that photosyntesis by the algae can take place. Like trees, corals reflect the environmental conditions in which they grow, indicating marine pollution, sea-surface temperature and other aquatic conditions. récif corallien - Korallenriff - koraalrif barriera corallina + koraalrif + Korallenriff + + chordate The highest phylum in the animal kingdom, characterized by a notochord, nerve cord, and gill slits; includes the urochordate, lancelets and vertebrates. chordés - Chordatier - Chordata cordati + Chordata + Chordatier + @@ -16599,27 +31287,32 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.core meltdown An accidental overheating of the part of the nuclear reactor where fission takes place, causing fuel elements and other parts of the reactor to melt, potentially leading to catastrophic consequences in which dangerous levels of radioactive materials would be released into the environment. fusion du coeur - Kernschmelze - afsmelting van een reactorkern fusione del nocciolo (reattore nucleare) + afsmelting van een reactorkern + Kernschmelze + + cork The thick light porous outer bark of the cork oak, used widely as an insulator and for stoppers for bottles, casks, etc. liège - Kork - kurk sughero + kurk + Kork + + corridor A physical linkage, connecting two areas of habitat and differing from the habitat on either side. Corridors are used by organisms to move around without having to leave the preferred habitat. corridor urbain - Korridor - (brede) (door)gang corridoio + (brede) (door)gang + Korridor + @@ -16627,9 +31320,10 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.corrosion A process in which a solid, especially a metal, is eaten away and changed by a chemical action. corrosion - Korrosion - corrosie corrosione + corrosie + Korrosion + @@ -16638,9 +31332,11 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.corrosion inhibitor A chemical agent which slows down or prohibits a corrosion reaction. produit anti-corrosion - Korrosionshemmer - anticorrosiemiddel inibitore della corrosione + anticorrosiemiddel + Korrosionshemmer + + @@ -16648,27 +31344,33 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.cosmetic industry Industry for the production of substances for improving the appearance of the body. industrie cosmétique - Kosmetikindustrie - cosmetica-industrie industria cosmetica + cosmetica-industrie + Kosmetikindustrie + + + cosmic radiation Radiations consisting of atomic nuclei, especially protons, of very high energy that reach the earth from outer space. Some cosmic radiations are very energetic and are able to penetrate a mile or more into the Earth. rayonnement cosmique - Kosmische Strahlung - kosmische straling radiazione cosmica + kosmische straling + Kosmische Strahlung + + cost-benefit Relation between costs of a certain activity and its benefits to a certain community. relation coûts-bénéfices - Kosten-Nutzen - kosten-baten costi-benefici + kosten-baten + Kosten-Nutzen + @@ -16676,54 +31378,60 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.cost-benefit analysis The attempt to assess, compare and frequently justify the total price or loss represented by a certain activity or expenditure with the advantage or service it provides. analyse coûts-bénéfices - Kosten-Nutzen-Analyse - kosten-baten analyse analisi costi-benefici + kosten-baten analyse + Kosten-Nutzen-Analyse + agreement (legal) The coming together in accord of two minds on a given proposition. In law, a concord of understanding and intention between two or more parties with respect to the effect upon their relative rights and duties, of certain past or future facts or performances. The consent of two or more persons concerning respecting the transmission of some property, right, or benefits, with the view of contracting an obligation, a mutual obligation. contrat - Vertrag - overeenkomst (wettige/wettelijke) accordo (legale) + overeenkomst (wettige/wettelijke) + Vertrag + cost increase The augmentation or rise in the amount of money incurred or asked for in the exchange of goods and services. augmentation des coûts - Kostensteigerung - kostentoename aumento dei costi + kostentoename + Kostensteigerung + cost recovery basis A standard used to provide reimbursement to individuals or organizations for any incurred expense or provided service. base de couverture des coûts - Kostendeckungsgrundlage - volledige kostendekking rimborso spese + volledige kostendekking + Kostendeckungsgrundlage + cost reduction The lessening or lowering in the amount of money incurred or asked for in the exchange of goods and services. réduction des coûts - Kostensenkung - kostenvermindering riduzione dei costi + kostenvermindering + Kostensenkung + cost In economics, the value of the factors of production used by a firm in producing or distributing goods and services or engaging in both activities. coût - Kosten - kosten costo + kosten + Kosten + @@ -16739,36 +31447,42 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.pollution cost The amount of money incurred as a result of human-made or human-induced alteration of the physical, biological, chemical, and radiological integrity of air, water, and other media. coût de la pollution - Kosten der Verunreinigung - kosten van milieuverontreiniging costi dell'inquinamento + kosten van milieuverontreiniging + Kosten der Verunreinigung + + national economic costs The amount of money incurred as a result of the financial management of a nation's financial resources. économie nationale - Volkswirtschaftliche Kosten - kosten van de binnenlandse economie costi dell'economia nazionale + kosten van de binnenlandse economie + Volkswirtschaftliche Kosten + cotton The most economical natural fiber, obtained from plants of the genus Gossypium, used in making fabrics, cordage, and padding and for producing artificial fibers and cellulose. coton - Baumwolle - katoen cotone + katoen + Baumwolle + + agreement (contract) An agreement, convention, or promise of two or more parties, by deed in writing, signed, and delivered, by which either of the parties pledges himself to the other that something is either done, or shall be done, or shall not be done, or stipulates for the truth of certain facts. accord - Übereinkommen - overeenkomst (contract) accordo (contratto) + overeenkomst (contract) + Übereinkommen + @@ -16777,43 +31491,50 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.county An area comprising more than one city and whose boundaries have been designed according to some biological, political, administrative, economic, demographic criteria. département (UK) - Landkreis - provincie contea + provincie + Landkreis + court of justice A tribunal having jurisdiction of appeal and review, including the ability to overturn decisions of lower courts or courts of first instance. Cour de justice - Gerichtshof - gerechtshof Corte di appello + gerechtshof + Gerichtshof + covering couverture - Abdeckung - afdekking [actie] copertura + afdekking [actie] + Abdeckung + agricultural biotechnology biotechnologie agro-alimentaire - Agrarbiotechnologie - biotechnologie in de landbouw biotecnologie per l'agricoltura + biotechnologie in de landbouw + Agrarbiotechnologie + + + craft An occupation or trade requiring manual dexterity or skilled artistry. artisanat - Handwerk - ambacht artigianato + ambacht + Handwerk + @@ -16821,18 +31542,21 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.credit assistance The help and support from banks and other financial institutions in providing money or goods without requiring present payment. assistance en matière de crédit - Kredithilfe - kredietbijstand credito sulla fiducia + kredietbijstand + Kredithilfe + agricultural building The buildings and adjacent service areas of a farm. bâtiment agricole - Wirtschaftsgebäude - landbouwgebouw edificio agricolo + landbouwgebouw + Wirtschaftsgebäude + + @@ -16842,9 +31566,10 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.criminality A violation of the law, punishable by the State in criminal proceedings. criminalité - Kriminalität - criminaliteit criminalità + criminaliteit + Kriminalität + @@ -16852,9 +31577,10 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.criminal law That body of the law that deals with conduct considered so harmful to society as a whole that it is prohibited by statute, prosecuted and punished by the government. droit pénal - Strafrecht - strafrecht diritto penale + strafrecht + Strafrecht + @@ -16865,9 +31591,12 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.critical level General term referring to the concentration limit beyond which a substance can cause dangerous effects to living organisms. niveau critique - Critical Level - kritisch niveau livello critico + kritisch niveau + Critical Level + + + @@ -16875,27 +31604,32 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.critical load The maximum load that a given system can tolerate before failing. charge critique - Critical Load - kritische belasting carico critico + kritische belasting + Critical Load + + + crocodile Any large tropical reptile of the family Crocodylidae: order Crocodylia. They have a broad head, tapering snout, massive jaws, and a thick outer covering of bony plates. crocodile - Krokodil - krokodillen coccodrilli + krokodillen + Krokodil + crop protection The problem of crop protection has changed dramatically since 1945. There is now a whole arsenal of chemicals with which to combat agricultural pests and diseases, but this development has itself many drawbacks. Such sophisticated techniques are available only to a minority of farmers; in most parts of the world the standard of crop protection remains abysmally low. In addition, modern crop protection methods have been criticized for relying too heavily on chemical control. Biological controls, both natural and contrived, have been neglected. In some cases involving misuse of agricultural chemicals, crops must be protected from the very measures intended for their protection. Meanwhile previously localized pests and diseases continue to spread worldwide. protection des cultures - Pflanzenschutz - gewasbescherming protezione delle colture + gewasbescherming + Pflanzenschutz + @@ -16906,18 +31640,21 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.crop rotation An agricultural technique in which, season after season, each field is sown with crop plants in a regular rotation, each crop being repeated at intervals of several years. Crop rotation minimizes the risks of depleting the soil of particular nutrients. In rotation systems, a grain crop is often grown the first year, followed by a leafy-vegetable crop in the second year, and a pasture crop in the third. The last usually contains legumes; such plants can restore nitrogen to the soil. Notwithstanding, high yields tend to depend upon the continued addition of chemical fertilizers to the soil. rotation des cultures - Fruchtfolge - vruchtwisseling rotazione delle colture + vruchtwisseling + Fruchtfolge + crop waste Any unusable portion of plant matter left in a field after harvest. résidus de cultures - Ernteabfall - afval van gewassen rifiuto dei raccolti + afval van gewassen + Ernteabfall + + @@ -16925,9 +31662,12 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.crossing place A place, often shown by markings, lights, or poles, where a street, railway, etc. may be crossed. passage - Überquerung - oversteekplaats attraversamento + oversteekplaats + Überquerung + + + @@ -16936,36 +31676,46 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.crossing place for animals Bridges and tunnels provided for animals for crossing roads and railways. Railway and road infrastructures represent an hindrance to wildlife migration. endroit de passage aménagé pour les animaux - Überquerung für Tiere - dierenoversteekplaats attraversamento per animali + dierenoversteekplaats + Überquerung für Tiere + + + + crude oil A comparatively volatile liquid bitumen composed principally of hydrocarbon, with traces of sulphur, nitrogen or oxygen compounds; can be removed from the earth in a liquid state. pétrole brut - Rohöl - ruwe aardolie petrolio greggio + ruwe aardolie + Rohöl + + cruising Travelling by sea in a liner for pleasure, usually calling at a number of ports. croisière - Kreuzfahrt - recreatievaart crociera (trasporti) + recreatievaart + Kreuzfahrt + + + crustacean A class of arthropod animals having jointed feet and mandibles, two pairs of antennae, and segmented, chitin-encased bodies. crustacé - Krustazeen - kreeftachtigen crostacei + kreeftachtigen + Krustazeen + @@ -16973,9 +31723,10 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.cryptogam A large group of plants, comprising the Thallophyta, Bryophyta and Pteridophyta, the last of which are cryptogams. cryptogame - Kryptogame - bedektbloemige planten crittogame + bedektbloemige planten + Kryptogame + @@ -16988,27 +31739,32 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.crystallisation The formation of crystalline substances from solutions or melts. cristallisation - Kristallisation - het kristalliseren cristallizzazione + het kristalliseren + Kristallisation + + crystallography The branch of science that deals with the geometric description of crystals and their internal arrangement. cristallographie - Kristallographie - kristallografie cristallografia + kristallografie + Kristallographie + cultivated plant Plants specially bred or improved by cultivation. plante cultivée - Kulturpflanze - cultuurplant pianta coltivata + cultuurplant + Kulturpflanze + + @@ -17016,9 +31772,10 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.cultivation The practice of growing and nurturing plants outside of their wild habitat (i.e., in gardens, nurseries, arboreta). culture - Anbau - teelt coltivazione + teelt + Anbau + @@ -17037,9 +31794,10 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.cultivation method Any procedure or approach used to prepare land or soil for the growth of new crops, or to promote or improve the growth of existing crops. méthode culturale - Anbautechnik - teeltmethode metodo di coltivazione + teeltmethode + Anbautechnik + @@ -17048,26 +31806,32 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.cultural development The process whereby the capabilities or possibilities inherent in a people's beliefs, customs, artistic activity and knowledge are brought out or made more effective. développement culturel - Kulturelle Entwicklung - culturele ontwikkeling sviluppo culturale + culturele ontwikkeling + Kulturelle Entwicklung + agricultural ecology écologie agricole - Agrarökologie - landbouw en milieu ecologia agraria + landbouw en milieu + Agrarökologie + + cultural facility Any building or structure used for programs or activities involving the arts or other endeavors that encourage refinement or development of the mind. équipement culturel - Kulturelle Einrichtung - culturele voorziening strutture culturali + culturele voorziening + Kulturelle Einrichtung + + + @@ -17091,9 +31855,10 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.cultural heritage The inherited body of beliefs, customs, artistic activity and knowledge that has been transmitted by ancestors. patrimoine culturel - Kulturerbe - cultureel erfgoed patrimonio culturale + cultureel erfgoed + Kulturerbe + @@ -17109,26 +31874,29 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.cultural indicator Cultural indicators give information about societies, which may be interesting even when one is not trying to evaluate the cultures of these societies from any normative point of view. Cultural indicators may also have an evaluative purpose involving explicit or implicit normative criteria. indicateur culturel - Kultureller Indikator - cultuurindicator indicatore culturale + cultuurindicator + Kultureller Indikator + cultural policy politique culturelle - Kulturpolitik - cultuurbeleid politica culturale + cultuurbeleid + Kulturpolitik + culture (society) The body of customary beliefs, social forms, and material traits constituting a distinct complex of tradition of a racial or social group. culture (aspects sociaux) - Kultur - beschaving cultura + beschaving + Kultur + @@ -17140,36 +31908,43 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.curriculum The aggregate of courses of study provided in a particular school, college, university, adult education program, technical institution or some other educational program. programme d'études - Curriculum - leerplan curriculum + leerplan + Curriculum + custom and usage A group pattern of habitual activity usually transmitted across generations and, in some instances, having the force of law. us et coutumes - Sitte und Gebrauch - gewoonte en gebruik norme consuetudinarie + gewoonte en gebruik + Sitte und Gebrauch + + customs Duties charged upon commodities on their importation into, or exportation out of, a country. douane - Zollerhebung - douane dogana + douane + Zollerhebung + + agricultural economics An applied social science that deals with the production, distribution, and consumption of agricultural or farming goods and services. economie agricole - Agrarökonomie - landbouweconomie economia agraria + landbouweconomie + Agrarökonomie + + @@ -17179,45 +31954,53 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.cutting (forestry) The act or process of felling or uprooting standing trees, in order to produce timber products. abattage (foresterie) - Holzfällung - kappen [bosbouw] taglio (forestazione) + kappen [bosbouw] + Holzfällung + cyanate A salt or ester of cyanic acid containing the radical OCN. cyanate - Cyanat - cyanaat cianato + cyanaat + Cyanat + cyanide Any of a group of compounds containing the CN group and derived from hydrogen cyanide, HCN. cyanure - Cyanid - cyanide cianuro + cyanide + Cyanid + agricultural effluent Any solid, liquid or gas that enters the environment as a by-product of agricultural activities. effluent agricole - Landwirtschaftliches Abwasser - landbouwafval effluente agricolo + landbouwafval + Landwirtschaftliches Abwasser + + + cyclone A storm characterized by the converging and rising giratory movement of the wind around a zone of low pressure (the eye) towards which it is violently pulled from a zone of high pressure. Its circulation is counterclockwise round the center in the northern hemisphere, clockwise in the southern hemisphere. cyclone - Zyklon - wervelstorm ciclone + wervelstorm + Zyklon + + @@ -17225,45 +32008,54 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.cytology A branch of the biological sciences which deals with the structure, behaviour, growth, and reproduction of cells and the functions and chemistry of cell components. cytologie - Zytologie - cytologie citologia + cytologie + Zytologie + cytotoxicity The degree to which an agent possesses a specific destructive action on certain cells or the possession of such action; used particularly in referring to the lysis of cells by immune phenomena and to antineoplastic drugs that selectively kill dividing cells. cytotoxicité - Zytotoxizität - cytotoxiciteit citotossicità + cytotoxiciteit + Zytotoxizität + agricultural engineering A discipline concerned with developing and improving the means for providing food and fiber for mankind's needs. génie agricole - Agraringenieurwesen - landbouwtechniek ingegneria agraria + landbouwtechniek + Agraringenieurwesen + + dairy farm A commercial establishment for processing or selling milk and milk products. laiterie - Milchviehhaltung - melkveehouderij azienda agricola per la produzione lattiera + melkveehouderij + Milchviehhaltung + + + dairy industry Production of food made from milk or milk products. industrie laitière - Milchwirtschaft - zuivelindustrie industria lattiero-casearia + zuivelindustrie + Milchwirtschaft + + @@ -17271,9 +32063,11 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.dairy product Products derived from milk, such as butter, cheese, lactose, etc. produit laitier - Molkereiprodukt - zuivelproduct prodotto lattiero-caseario + zuivelproduct + Molkereiprodukt + + @@ -17281,9 +32075,12 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.dam Structure constructed across a watercourse or stream channel. barrage - Damm - dam diga + dam + Damm + + + @@ -17293,45 +32090,58 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.damage An injury or harm impairing the function or condition of a person or thing. dommage - Schaden - schade danno + schade + Schaden + + + damage from military manoeuvres Injury or harm resulting from the planned movement of armed forces or from the tactical exercises simulating war operations that is carried out for training and evaluation purposes. dommages dus à des manoeuvres militaires - Manöverschaden - schade ten gevolg van militaire oefeningen danno da manovre militari + schade ten gevolg van militaire oefeningen + Manöverschaden + + damage prevention The aggregate of approaches and measures to ensure that human action or natural phenomena do not cause damage. It implies the formulation and implementation of long-range policies and programmes to eliminate or prevent the damages caused by disasters. prévention des dommages - Schadensvermeidung - voorkoming van schade prevenzione dei danni + voorkoming van schade + Schadensvermeidung + hazardous chemical export Transporting substances capable of producing adverse health effects, fires or explosions to other countries or areas for the conduct of foreign trade. exportation de produits chimiques dangereux - Ausfuhr von gefährlichen Chemikalien - uitvoer van gevaarlijke chemicaliën esportazione di sostanze chimiche pericolose + uitvoer van gevaarlijke chemicaliën + Ausfuhr von gefährlichen Chemikalien + + + + + dangerous goods Goods or products that are full of hazards or risks when used, transported, etc. matières dangereuses - Gefährliche Güter - gevaarlijke goederen prodotto pericoloso + gevaarlijke goederen + Gefährliche Güter + + @@ -17340,18 +32150,21 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.agricultural equipment Machines utilized for tillage, planting, cultivation, and harvesting of crops. équipement agricole - Landwirtschaftliches Gerät - landbouwuitrusting attrezzatura agricola + landbouwuitrusting + Landwirtschaftliches Gerät + dangerous goods law loi sur les matières dangereuses - Gefahrgutgesetz - wet inzake gevaarlijke goederen legge sulle merci pericolose + wet inzake gevaarlijke goederen + Gefahrgutgesetz + + @@ -17359,9 +32172,11 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.dangerous goods regulation Rules on the handling of articles or substances capable of posing a significant risk to health, safety, or property, and that ordinarily require special attention when being transported. réglementation des matières dangereuses - Gefahrgutverordnung - verordening inzake gevaarlijke goederen disposizioni sui prodotti pericolosi + verordening inzake gevaarlijke goederen + Gefahrgutverordnung + + @@ -17369,9 +32184,11 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.data acquisition The act of collecting and gathering individual facts, statistics or other items of information. acquisition des données - Datensammlung - gegevensverwerving acquisizione di dati + gegevensverwerving + Datensammlung + + @@ -17379,9 +32196,11 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.data analysis The evaluation of digital data, i.e. data represented by a sequence of code characters. analyse des données - Datenanalyse - gegevensanalyse analisi dei dati + gegevensanalyse + Datenanalyse + + @@ -17389,9 +32208,10 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.data base A computerized compilation of data, facts and records that is organized for convenient access, management and updating. base de données - Datenbank - gegevensbank base di dati + gegevensbank + Datenbank + @@ -17400,9 +32220,10 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.data carrier A medium on which data can be recorded, and which is usually easily transportable, such as cards, tape, paper, or disks. support de données - Datenträger - gegevensdrager supporto informatico + gegevensdrager + Datenträger + @@ -17411,9 +32232,10 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.data exchange A reciprocal transfer of individual facts, statistics or items of information between two or more parties for the purpose of enhancing knowledge of the participants. échange de données - Datenaustausch - uitwisseling van gegevens scambio di dati + uitwisseling van gegevens + Datenaustausch + @@ -17422,9 +32244,10 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.data processing Any operation or combination of operations on data, including everything that happens to data from the time they are observed or collected to the time they are destroyed. traitement des données - Datenverarbeitung - gegevensverwerking elaborazione dati + gegevensverwerking + Datenverarbeitung + @@ -17434,54 +32257,66 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.data protection Policies, procedures or devices designed to maintain the integrity or security of informational elements in storage or in transmission. protection des données - Datenschutz - gegevensbescherming protezione dei dati + gegevensbescherming + Datenschutz + + + data recording technique The body of specialized procedures and methods used for the preservation, collocation or registration of individual elements of information. technique d'enregistrement des données - Datenerfassungsmethode - wijze waarop gegevens worden vastgelegd tecnica di registrazione dati + wijze waarop gegevens worden vastgelegd + Datenerfassungsmethode + agricultural exploitation exploitation agricole - Landwirtschaftliche Nutzung - landbouwexploitatie sfruttamento agricolo + landbouwexploitatie + Landwirtschaftliche Nutzung + dating Any of several techniques such as radioactive dating, dendrochronology, or varve dating, for establishing the age of rocks, palaeontological or archaeological specimens, etc. datation - Datierung - het dateren datazione + het dateren + Datierung + decay product An isotope formed by the radioactive decay of some other isotope. This newly formed isotope possesses physical and chemical properties that are different from those of its parent isotope, and may also be radioactive. descendant - Zerfallsprodukt - verrottingsproduct prodotto di decadimento + verrottingsproduct + Zerfallsprodukt + + + DDT A persistent organochlorine insecticide, also known as dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane, that was introduced in the 1940s and used widely because of its persistence (meaning repeated applications were unnecessary), its low toxicity to mammals and its simplicity and cheapness of manufacture. It became dispersed all over the world and, with other organochlorines, had a disruptive effect on species high in food chains, especially on the breeding success of certain predatory birds. DDT is very stable, relatively insoluble in water, but highly soluble in fats. Health effects on humans are not clear, but it is less toxic than related compounds. It is poisonous to other vertebrates, especially fish, and is stored in the fatty tissue of animals as sublethal amounts of the less toxic DDE. Because of its effects on wildlife its use in most countries is now forbidden or strictly limited. DDT - DDT - DDT DDT + DDT + DDT + + + @@ -17489,9 +32324,12 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.acceptable risk level Level of risk judged to be outweighed by corresponding benefits or one that is of such a degree that it is considered to pose minimal potential for adverse effects. niveau de risque acceptable - Zulässiges Risikoniveau - toelaatbaar risico livello di rischio accettabile + toelaatbaar risico + Zulässiges Risikoniveau + + + @@ -17500,9 +32338,10 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.debt Something owed to someone else. dette - Schuld - schuld debiti + schuld + Schuld + @@ -17511,62 +32350,77 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.debt service The fees or amount of money necessary to pay interest on an outstanding debt, the principal of maturing serial bonds, and the required contributions to an amortization or sinking fund for term bonds. service de la dette - Kapitaldienst - rentebetaling restituzione del debito + rentebetaling + Kapitaldienst + + racking The mechanical dewatering of a wet solid by pouring off the liquid without disturbing the underlying sediment or precipitate. décantation - Dekantierung - klaring travaso + klaring + Dekantierung + + decentralisation Basic organizational leadership concept and process of shifting and delegating power and authority from a higher level to subordinate levels within the administrative/managerial hierarchy in order to promote independence, responsibility, and quicker decision-making in applying or interpreting policies and procedures to the needs of these levels. décentralisation - Dezentralisierung - decentralisatie decentramento + decentralisatie + Dezentralisierung + deciduous forest The temperate forests comprised of trees that seasonally shed their leaves, located in the east of the USA, in Western Europe from the Alps to Scandinavia, and in the eastern Asia. The hardwood of these forests have been exploited since the 16th century. The trees of deciduous forests usually produce nuts and winged seeds. forêt de feuillus - Laubwald - loofbos foresta di caducifoglie + loofbos + Laubwald + + deciduous tree Tree losing its leaves in autumn and growing new ones in the spring. arbre à feuilles caduques - Laubbaum - loofboom albero a foglie decidue + loofboom + Laubbaum + + + decision Means the exercise of agency authority at any stage of an undertaking where alterations might be made in the undertaking to modify its impact upon historic and cultural properties. décision - Entscheidung - beslissing decisione (determinazione) + beslissing + Entscheidung + + decision process processus de décision - Entscheidungsprozeß - besluitvormingsproces processo decisionale + besluitvormingsproces + Entscheidungsprozeß + + + @@ -17577,18 +32431,23 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.decomposition The more or less permanent breakdown of a molecule into simpler molecules or atoms. décomposition - Abbau - afbraak decomposizione + afbraak + Abbau + decontamination The removing of chemical, biological, or radiological contamination from, or the neutralizing of it on a person, object, or area. décontamination - Dekontamination - ontsmetting decontaminazione + ontsmetting + Dekontamination + + + + @@ -17599,18 +32458,20 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.agricultural land Land used primarily for the production of plant or animal crops, including arable agriculture, dairying, pasturage, apiaries, horticulture, floriculture, viticulture, animal husbandry and the necessary lands and structures needed for packing, processing, treating, or storing the produce. terre agricole - Agrarraum - landbouwgrond terreno agricolo + landbouwgrond + Agrarraum + decree A declaration of the court announcing the legal consequences of the facts found. décret - Verfügung - beschikking decreto + beschikking + Verfügung + @@ -17618,26 +32479,32 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.deep sea Region of open ocean beyond the continental shelf. grand fond marin - Tiefsee - diepzee zona oceanica + diepzee + Tiefsee + deep sea deposit gisement minéral dans le fond marin - Tiefseeablagerung - diepzee-afzetting giacimento in mare profondo + diepzee-afzetting + Tiefseeablagerung + + deep-sea disposal The disposal of solid waste or sludge by carrying the wastes out to sea, usually in a barge, and dumping into deep water. décharge en haute mer - Tiefversenkung - diepzeestorting affondamento di rifiuti in mare + diepzeestorting + Tiefversenkung + + + @@ -17645,27 +32512,31 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.deep sea fishing Fishing in the deepest parts of the sea. pêche en haute mer - Hochseefischerei - (diep)zeevisserij pesca d'alto mare + (diep)zeevisserij + Hochseefischerei + deer The common name for 41 species of even-toed ungulates that compose the family Cervidae in the order Artiodactyla; males have antlers. cerf - Hirsch - hert cervi + hert + Hirsch + + defence The act or process of protecting citizens or any geographical area by preparing for or by using military means to resist the attack of an enemy. défense - Verteidigung - afweermiddel difesa + afweermiddel + Verteidigung + @@ -17674,9 +32545,11 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.1) The drop of foliage from plants caused by herbicides such as Agent Orange, diuron, triazines, all of which interfere with photosynthesis. The use of defoliants, as in Vietnam or in jungle clearance for agriculture, can permanently destroy tropical forests. Once the tree cover is removed, the soil is subjected to erosion and precious nutrients are rapidly leached away. 2) Destroying (an area of jungle, forest, etc.) as by chemical sprays or incendiary bombs, in order to give enemy troops or guerilla forces no place of concealment. défoliation - Entlaubung - bladverlies defoliazione + bladverlies + Entlaubung + + @@ -17684,9 +32557,11 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.deforestation The removal of forest and undergrowth to increase the surface of arable land or to use the timber for construction or industrial purposes. Forest and its undergrowth possess a very high water-retaining capacity, inhibiting runoff of rainwater. déforestation - Entwaldung - ontbossing deforestazione + ontbossing + Entwaldung + + @@ -17696,9 +32571,10 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.degradability The capacity of being decomposed chemically or biologically. dégradabilité - Abbaubarkeit - afbreekbaarheid degradabilità + afbreekbaarheid + Abbaubarkeit + @@ -17708,9 +32584,11 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. agricultural landscape paysage cultivé - Agrarlandschaft - landbouwlandschap paesaggio coltivato + landbouwlandschap + Agrarlandschaft + + @@ -17718,9 +32596,11 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.degradation A type of organic chemical reaction in which a compound is converted into a simpler compound in stages. dégradation - Abbau - afbraak degradazione + afbraak + Abbau + + @@ -17731,9 +32611,10 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.degradation of natural resources The result of the cumulative activities of farmers, households, and industries, all trying to improve their socio-economic well being. These activities tend to be counterproductive for several reasons. People may not completely understand the long-term consequences of their activities on the natural resource base. The most important ways in which human activity is interfering with the global ecosystem are: a) fossil fuel burning which may double the atmospheric carbon dioxide concentration by the middle of the next century, as well as further increasing the emissions of sulphur and nitrogen very significantly; b) expanding agriculture and forestry and the associated use of fertilizers (nitrogen and phosphorous) are significantly altering the natural circulation of these nutrients; c) increased exploitation of the freshwater system both for irrigation in agriculture and industry and for waste disposal. dégradation des ressources naturelles - Abbau von natürlichen Ressourcen - verval van natuurlijke rijkdommen degrado delle risorse naturali + verval van natuurlijke rijkdommen + Abbau von natürlichen Ressourcen + @@ -17743,9 +32624,11 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.degradation product Those chemicals resulting from partial decomposition or chemical breakdown of substances. produit de dégradation - Abbauprodukt - afbraakproduct prodotto di degradazione + afbraakproduct + Abbauprodukt + + @@ -17755,9 +32638,11 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. dégraissage - Entfettung - ontvetten sgrassaggio + ontvetten + Entfettung + + @@ -17767,17 +32652,22 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.de-inking Series of processes by which various types of printing inks are removed from paper fibre pulp during the pre-processing and recycling of recovered paper products. Particularly necessary where high quality and whiteness of the finished product are required. désencrage - Deinking - inktverwijdering disinchiostratura + inktverwijdering + Deinking + + + delinquency délinquence - Delinquenz - misdadig gedrag delinquenza + misdadig gedrag + Delinquenz + + @@ -17785,36 +32675,42 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.delta A delta is a vast, fan-shaped creation of land, or low-lying plain, formed from successive layers of sediment washed from uplands to the mouth of some rivers, such as the Nile, the Mississippi and the Ganges. The nutrient-rich sediment is deposited by rivers at the point where, or before which, the river flows into the sea. Deltas are formed when rivers supply and deposit sediments more quickly that they can be removed by waves of ocean currents. The importance of deltas was first discovered by prehistoric man, who was attracted to them because of their abundant animal and plant life. Connecting waterways through the deltas later provided natural routes for navigation and trade, and opened up access to the interior. Deltas are highly fertile and often highly populated areas. They would be under serious threat of flooding from any sea-level rise. delta - Delta - delta delta + delta + Delta + + demand The desire, ability and willingness of an individual to purchase a good or service. The consumer must have the funds or the ability to obtain funds in order to convert the desire into demand. The demand of a buyer for a certain good is a schedule of the quantities of that good which the individual would buy at possible alternative prices at a given moment in time. demande (offre et demande) - Nachfrage - vraag domanda + vraag + Nachfrage + + democracy A system of governance in which ultimate authority power is vested in the people and exercised directly by them or by their freely elected agents. démocratie - Demokratie - democratie democrazia + democratie + Demokratie + demographic development Growth in the number of individuals of a population. croissance démographique - Demographische Entwicklung - demografische ontwikkeling sviluppo demografico + demografische ontwikkeling + Demographische Entwicklung + @@ -17823,9 +32719,10 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.demographic evolution The gradual pattern of change in the growth of human populations in a particular region or country, from a rapid increase in the birth and death rates to a leveling off in the growth rate due to reduced fertility and other factors. évolution démographique - Demographische Evolution - demografische evolutie evoluzione demografica + demografische evolutie + Demographische Evolution + @@ -17834,9 +32731,11 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.agricultural legislation Agricultural law is a blend of traditional fields of law including the law of contracts, bailments, torts, criminal, environmental, property, nuisance, wills and estates, and tax law. As such, it is a gathering of statutory and common law. législation agricole - Agrarrecht - landbouwwetgeving legislazione agricola + landbouwwetgeving + Agrarrecht + + @@ -17847,9 +32746,11 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.demography The statistical study of human vital statistics and population dynamics. démographie - Demographie - demografie demografia + demografie + Demographie + + @@ -17858,44 +32759,53 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.demolition business The activity of reducing buildings or other structures to rubble. entreprise de démolition - Abbruchunternehmen - sloperij impresa di demolizioni + sloperij + Abbruchunternehmen + + + demolition waste Masonry or rubble wastes arising from the demolition of buildings or other civil engineering structures. déchet de démolition - Abbruchmüll - sloopafval rifiuto di demolizione + sloopafval + Abbruchmüll + + demonstrability démontrabilité - Nachweisbarkeit - aantoonbaarheid dimostrabilità + aantoonbaarheid + Nachweisbarkeit + + dendrochronology The science of dating the age of a tree by studying annual growth rings. It is also employed to interpret previous environments and climatic variations by examining certain kinds of trees. It is based on the theory that the width of the growth ring reflects the amount of rainfall and the temperature of the year in which it was formed. dendrochronologie - Dendrochronologie - dendrochronologie dendrocronologia + dendrochronologie + Dendrochronologie + agricultural machinery Machines utilized for tillage, planting, cultivation and harvesting of crops. Despite its benefits in increasing yields, mechanisation has clearly had some adverse environmental effects: deep ploughing exposes more soil to wind and water erosion; crop residues can be removed as opposed to ploughing back into the soil; removal of residues can lead to a serious loss of organic content in the soil, which may increase the risk of soil erosion. machine agricole - Landmaschine - landbouwmachine macchinario agricolo + landbouwmachine + Landmaschine + @@ -17903,9 +32813,10 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.dendrometry The measuring of the diameter of standing trees from the ground with a dendrometer that can also be used to measure tree heights. dendrométrie - Dendrometrie - dendrometrie dendrometria + dendrometrie + Dendrometrie + @@ -17914,18 +32825,27 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.1) The loss of nitrogen from soil by biological or chemical means. It is a gaseous loss, unrelated to loss by physical processes such as through leachates. 2) The breakdown of nitrates by soil bacteria, resulting in the release of free nitrogen. This process takes place under anaerobic conditions, such as are found in water-logged soil, and it reduces soil fertility. dénitrification - Denitrifikation - denitrificatie denitrificazione + denitrificatie + Denitrifikation + + + + + + denitrification of waste gas Current methods for controlling NOx emissions in motor vehicles include retardation of spark timing, increasing the air/fuel ratio, injecting water into the cylinders, decreasing the compression ratio, and recirculating exhaust gas. For stationary sources, one abatement method is to use a lower NOx producing fuel or to modify the combustion process by injecting steam into the combustion chamber. dénitrification des effluents gazeux - Abgasentstickung - denitrificatie van afvalgas abbattimento dei composti di azoto dai gas + denitrificatie van afvalgas + Abgasentstickung + + + @@ -17935,9 +32855,10 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.agricultural management The administration or handling of soil, crops and livestock. gestion agricole - Agrarmanagement - landbouwbeheer gestione agricola + landbouwbeheer + Agrarmanagement + @@ -17946,18 +32867,24 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. deposited particulate matter dépôt de particules fines - Abgelagerte Partikel - neergeslagen deeltje materiale particolato depositato + neergeslagen deeltje + Abgelagerte Partikel + deposition The process by which polluting material is precipitated from the atmosphere and accumulates in ecosystems. rétombée atmosphérique - Ablagerung - afzetting deposizione + afzetting + Ablagerung + + + + + @@ -17967,26 +32894,31 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.deregulation The removal or relaxation of government control over the economic activities of some commercial entity, industry or economic sector. dérégulation - Deregulation - deregulering deregolamentazione + deregulering + Deregulation + dermapteran dermaptère - Dermaptera - dermapterans dermatteri + dermapterans + Dermaptera + desalination Removal of salt, as from water or soil. déssalement - Entsalzung - ontzilting desalinazione + ontzilting + Entsalzung + + + @@ -17995,9 +32927,13 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.1) Plants for the extraction of fresh water from saltwater by the removal of salts, usually by distilling. 2) Parts of the world with severe water shortages are looking to desalination plants to solve their problems. Desalination of water is still nearly four times more expensive than obtaining water from conventional sources. However technology is improving and costs are likely to decrease slightly in the future. There is now more interest in building distillation plants beside electric installations so that the waste heat from power generation can be used to drive the desalination process. usine de déssalement - Entsalzungsanlage - ontziltingsinstallatie impianto di desalinazione + ontziltingsinstallatie + Entsalzungsanlage + + + + @@ -18005,18 +32941,20 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.agreement (administrative) A coming together of minds; a coming together in opinion or determination; the coming together in accord of two minds on a given proposition. In law, a concord of understanding and intention between two or more parties with respect to the effect upon their relative rights and duties, of certain past or future facts or performances. The consent of two or more persons concerning respecting the transmission of some property, right, or benefits, with the view of contracting an obligation, a mutual obligation. The union of two or more minds in a thing done or to be done; a mutual assent to do a thing. agrément - Verwaltungsabkommen - overeenkomst (administratieve) accordo amministrativo + overeenkomst (administratieve) + Verwaltungsabkommen + agricultural method Practices and techniques employed in agriculture to improve yields and productivity. Over the last few decades they have undergone big changes: tilling, sowing and harvesting have become increasingly mechanised, and the methods of applying fertilisers and pesticides have become more sophisticated. Many changes within the agricultural system can be summed up by "intensification". The result and aim of intensification has been to achieve increases in production, yields and labour productivity in agriculture. méthodes agricoles - Agrarmethode - landbouwmethode metodi agricoli + landbouwmethode + Agrarmethode + @@ -18044,9 +32982,11 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.desert A wide, open, comparatively barren tract of land with few forms of life and little rainfall. désert - Wüste - woestijn deserto + woestijn + Wüste + + @@ -18054,9 +32994,11 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.1) The development of desert conditions as a result of human activity or climatic changes. 2) The process of land damage which allows the soil to spread like a desert in arid and semi-arid regions. There is a loss of vegetative cover and the soil deteriorates in texture, nutrient content and fertility. Desertification affects the lives of three-quarters of the world's population, 70% of all drylands and one quarter of the total land area of the planet. There are many reasons for desertification, but the majority are caused by human activities, overgrazing, deforestation, poor land management and over-exploitation. Agenda 21 states that the priority in combating desertification should be establishing preventive measures for lands that are not yet, or are only slightly, degraded. désertification - Wüstenausbreitung - woestijnvorming desertificazione + woestijnvorming + Wüstenausbreitung + + @@ -18066,27 +33008,32 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.desertification control Remedial and preventive actions adopted against desertification include irrigation, planting of trees and grasses, the erection of fences to secure sand dunes, and a careful management of water resources. lutte contre la désertification - Wüstenausbreitungskontrolle - beheersing van de woestijnvorming controllo della desertificazione + beheersing van de woestijnvorming + Wüstenausbreitungskontrolle + + desert locust criquet pélérin - Wüstenheuschrecke - woestijnsprinkhaan locusta del deserto + woestijnsprinkhaan + Wüstenheuschrecke + design (project) A graphic representation, especially a detailed plan for construction or manufacture. dessin industriel ou architectural - Gestaltung - ontwerp disegno (progetto) + ontwerp + Gestaltung + + @@ -18094,18 +33041,22 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. desk study étude de bureau - Bürostudie - kantoorstudie studio compilativo + kantoorstudie + Bürostudie + desorption The process of removing a sorbed substance by the reverse of adsorption or absorption. désorption - Desorption - desorptie eluzione + desorptie + Desorption + + + @@ -18113,9 +33064,11 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.agricultural pest Insects and mites that damage crops, weeds that compete with field crops for nutrients and water, plants that choke irrigation channels or drainage systems, rodents that eat young plants and grain, and birds that eat seedlings or stored foodstuffs. parasites agricoles - Agrarschädling - landbouwongedierte infestante delle colture agricole + landbouwongedierte + Agrarschädling + + @@ -18123,9 +33076,11 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.desulphurisation The removal of sulphur, as from molten metals or petroleum oil. Sulphur residues in fuels end up as sulphur dioxide when the fuel is burned causing acid rain. désulfuration - Entschwefelung - ontzwaveling desolforazione + ontzwaveling + Entschwefelung + + @@ -18136,9 +33091,14 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.desulphurisation of fuel Removal of sulfur from fossil fuels (or removal of sulfur dioxide from combustion fuel gases) to reduce pollution. désulfuration des combustibles - Brennstoffentschwefelung - het ontzwaveling van brandstof desolforazione dei combustibili + het ontzwaveling van brandstof + Brennstoffentschwefelung + + + + + @@ -18152,27 +33112,31 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.detection The act or process of discovering evidence or proof of governmental, legal or ethical violations. investigation - Nachweis - opsporing indagine + opsporing + Nachweis + + detector A mechanical, electrical, or chemical device that automatically identifies and records or registers a stimulus, such as an environmental change in pressure or temperature, an electrical signal, or radiation from a radioactive material. détecteur - Detektor - verklikker rivelatore + verklikker + Detektor + agricultural planning The development of plans and measures to achieve greater and more efficient output from agriculture; a sound agricultural policy should be able to reconcile three basic needs: the production of food and agricultural products, the protection of the environment and the maintenance of the socio-economic structure of rural areas. planification rurale - Agrarplanung - landbouwplanning pianificazione agricola + landbouwplanning + Agrarplanung + @@ -18182,9 +33146,11 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.detergent A surface-active agent used for removing dirt and grease from a variety of surfaces and materials. Early detergents contained alkyl sulphonates, which proved resistant to bacterial decomposition, causing foaming in rivers and difficulties in sewage treatment plants. These hard detergents were replaced during the 1960s with soft biodegradable detergents. Apprehension continues to be expressed about the use of phosphates in detergents, helping to promote the process of eutrophication. No satisfactory substitute has yet emerged. détergent - Waschmittel - wasmiddel detergente + wasmiddel + Waschmittel + + @@ -18193,45 +33159,53 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.determination method Method employed in the assessment or in the evaluation of a quantity, a quality, a fact, an event, etc. méthode de détermination - Bestimmungsmethode - bepalingsmethode metodo di determinazione + bepalingsmethode + Bestimmungsmethode + + deterrent Any measure, implement or policy designed to discourage or restrain the actions or advance of another agent, organization or state. dissuasif - Abschreckungsmittel - afschrikmiddel deterrente + afschrikmiddel + Abschreckungsmittel + detoxification The act or process of removing a poison or the toxic properties of a substance in the body. désintoxication - Entgiftung - ontgifting disintossicazione + ontgifting + Entgiftung + developed country A nation possessing a relatively high degree of industrialization, infrastructure and other capital investment, sophisticated technology, widespread literacy and advanced living standards among its populations as a whole. pays développé - Industrieland - ontwikkelde landen paese sviluppato + ontwikkelde landen + Industrieland + + agricultural policy A course of action adopted by government or some other organization that determines how to deal with matters involving the cultivation of land; raising crops; feeding, breeding and raising livestock or poultry; and other farming issues. politique agricole - Agrarpolitik - landbouwbeleid politica agricola + landbouwbeleid + Agrarpolitik + + @@ -18239,62 +33213,71 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. developing countries debt dette des pays en développement - Schulden der Entwicklungsländer - schuld van de ontwikkelingslanden debito dei paesi in via di sviluppo + schuld van de ontwikkelingslanden + Schulden der Entwicklungsländer + developing country A country whose people are beginning to utilize available resources in order to bring about a sustained increase in per capita production of goods and services. pays en développement - Entwicklungsland - ontwikkelingslanden paese in via di sviluppo + ontwikkelingslanden + Entwicklungsland + + development aid The economic assistance or other types of support provided to developing countries to promote or encourage advancement in living standards, institutions, infrastructure, agricultural practices and other aspects of an economy, and to resolve problems typically associated with developing countries. aide au développement - Entwicklungshilfe - ontwikkelingshulp aiuti per lo sviluppo + ontwikkelingshulp + Entwicklungshilfe + development area Area which has been given special help from a government to encourage business and factories to be set up there. zone de développement - Entwicklungsgebiet - ontwikkelingsgebied area in via di sviluppo + ontwikkelingsgebied + Entwicklungsgebiet + + development co-operation coopération au développement - Entwicklungszusammenarbeit - ontwikkelingssamenwerking cooperazione per lo sviluppo + ontwikkelingssamenwerking + Entwicklungszusammenarbeit + development model A description, representation, or conception of the economic advancement process of a region or people. modèle de développement - Entwicklungsmodell - ontwikkelingsmodel modello di sviluppo (economia) + ontwikkelingsmodel + Entwicklungsmodell + development pattern The combination of qualities, structures, acts and tendencies characterizing the economic and social growth of a community or human group. modèle de développement - Entwicklungsmuster - ontwikkelingspatroon modello di sviluppo (società) + ontwikkelingspatroon + Entwicklungsmuster + @@ -18303,36 +33286,45 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.agricultural pollution The liquid or solid wastes from farming, including: runoff from pesticides, fertilizers, and feedlots; erosion and dust from plowing; animal manure and carcasses, crop residues, and debris. pollution agricole - Landwirtschaftliche Verschmutzung - landbouwvervuiling inquinamento agricolo + landbouwvervuiling + Landwirtschaftliche Verschmutzung + + development planning The act or process of formulating a course of action that promotes the economic advancement of a region or people, particularly in countries known to have low levels of economic productivity and technological sophistication. plan de développement - Entwicklungsplanung - ontwikkelingsplanning pianificazione dello sviluppo + ontwikkelingsplanning + Entwicklungsplanung + + development plan The statement of local planning policies that each local planning authority is required by statute to maintain, and which can only be made or altered by following the procedures prescribed for that purpose, which include obligations to consult widely and to hold a public local inquiry into objections. The development plan includes: 1) the structure plan for the area (normally prepared by the country council); 2) an area-wide development plan for each district council area. plan d'aménagement - Entwicklungsplan - ontwikkelingsplan piano di sviluppo + ontwikkelingsplan + Entwicklungsplan + dialysis A process of selective diffusion through a membrane; usually used to separate low-molecular-weight solutes which diffuse through the membrane from the colloidal and high-molecular-weight solutes which do not. dialyse - Dialyse - dialyse dialisi + dialyse + Dialyse + + + + @@ -18340,27 +33332,31 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.diatom Unicellular algae, some of which are colonial, green or brownish in colour (but all contain chlorophyll) and with siliceous and often highly sculptured cell walls. Diatoms make up much of the producer level in marine and freshwater food chains, and they have contributed to the formation of oil reserves. Deposits of diatomaceous earths were formed by the accumulation of diatom cell walls. diatomées - Diatomeen - diatomeeën diatomee + diatomeeën + Diatomeen + dictionary A reference book containing an explanatory alphabetical list of words, as a book listing a comprehensive or restricted selection of the words of a language; identifying usually, the phonetic, grammatical, and semantic value of each word, often with etymology, citations, and usage guidance and other information. dictionnaire - Wörterbuch - woordenboek dizionario + woordenboek + Wörterbuch + + didactics The art or science of teaching. didactique - Didaktik - didactiek didattica + didactiek + Didaktik + @@ -18372,9 +33368,13 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.diesel engine An internal combustion engine operating on a thermodynamic cycle in which the ratio of compression of the air charge is sufficiently high to ignite the fuel subsequently injected into the combustion chamber. moteur diesel - Dieselmotor - dieselmotor motore diesel + dieselmotor + Dieselmotor + + + + @@ -18382,9 +33382,11 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.diesel fuel Heavy oil residue used as fuel for certain types of diesel engines. gazole - Dieselkraftstoff - dieselolie gasolio + dieselolie + Dieselkraftstoff + + @@ -18396,18 +33398,21 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.differentiation The development of cells so that they are capable of performing specialized functions in the organs and tissues of the organisms to which they belong. différenciation - Differenzierung - differentiatie differenziamento + differentiatie + Differenzierung + diffuse source Pollution which arises from various activities with no discrete source. source de pollution diffuse - Diffuse Quelle - diffuse bron sorgente diffusa + diffuse bron + Diffuse Quelle + + @@ -18415,35 +33420,46 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.diffusion The spontaneous movement and scattering of particles (atoms and molecules), of liquid, gases, and solids. diffusion - Diffusion - diffusie diffusione + diffusie + Diffusion + + + + digested sludge Sludge or thickened mixture of sewage solids with water that has been decomposed by anaerobic bacteria. boue digérée - Faulschlamm - uitgegist slib fango digerito + uitgegist slib + Faulschlamm + + + digester Machine which takes refuse and produces gas such as methane from it. digesteur - Faulbehälter - autoclaaf digestore + autoclaaf + Faulbehälter + + + agricultural production production agricole - Agrarproduktion - landbouwproductie produzione agricola + landbouwproductie + Agrarproduktion + @@ -18460,45 +33476,54 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.digestion (sewage) The reduction in volume and the decomposition of highly putrescible organic matter to relatively stable or inert organic and inorganic compounds. Sludge digestion is usually done by aerobic organisms in the absence of free oxygen. digestion - Faulung - verwerking [afval] digestione (rifiuti) + verwerking [afval] + Faulung + + digital land model A representation of a surface's topography stored in a numerical format. Each pixel has been assigned coordinates and an altitude. modèle terrestre numérique - Digitales Geländemodell - digitaal terreinmodel modello digitale del territorio + digitaal terreinmodel + Digitales Geländemodell + + digitising The process of converting data to a form used in computers, transmitted or stored with digital technology and expressed as a string of 0's and 1's. digitalisation - Digitalisierung - digitaliseren digitalizzazione + digitaliseren + Digitalisierung + access road Any street or narrow stretch of paved surface that leads to a specific destination, such as a main highway. route d'accès - Zufahrtsstraße - toegangsweg strada di accesso + toegangsweg + Zufahrtsstraße + + agricultural product The output of the cultivation of the soil. produit agricole - Agrarprodukt - landbouwproduct prodotto agricolo + landbouwproduct + Agrarprodukt + + @@ -18508,18 +33533,21 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.diluted acid A less concentrated acid. acide dilué - Dünnsäure - verdund zuur acido diluito + verdund zuur + Dünnsäure + + dioxin A by-product formed during the preparation of the herbicide 2, 4, 5-T, and sometimes produced by the incineration of chlorinated organic compounds. It may also occur naturally and is distributed widely in the environment, except locally in extremely low concentrations. Substantial amounts were released by the industrial accident of Seveso in 1976. dioxine - Dioxin - dioxine diossine + dioxine + Dioxin + @@ -18529,18 +33557,22 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.direct discharger Factories and industrial concerns which do not discharge their sewage directly into public sewers, but directly into a waterway. inducteur direct - Direkteinleiter - agens met directe inducerende werking introduttore diretto + agens met directe inducerende werking + Direkteinleiter + + + directive The second rank of administrative acts (inferior to regulations, superior to decisions) made by the council or commission of the European Communities on order to carry out their tasks in accordance with the Treaties. They must be addressed to states, not individuals, but many create rights for individuals or allow the directive to be pleaded before municipal court. directive - Richtlinie - richtlijn direttiva + richtlijn + Richtlinie + @@ -18556,18 +33588,21 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.disabled person Person lacking one or more physical power, such as the ability to walk or to coordinate one's movements, as from the effects of a disease or accident, or through mental impairment. personne handicapée - Behinderter - lichamelijk gehandicapte disabile + lichamelijk gehandicapte + Behinderter + + disaster The result of a vast ecological breakdown in the relations between man and his environment, a serious and sudden event (or slow, as in drought) on such a scale that the stricken community needs extraordinary efforts to cope with it, often with outside help or international aid. catastrophe écologique - Katastrophe - rampen disastro + rampen + Katastrophe + @@ -18580,18 +33615,20 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.disaster cleanup operation A course or procedure of activity designed to clear the debris or remove harmful substances left by an ecological calamity, natural or human in origin, in a given area. restauration après catastrophe - Katastrophenaufräumung - opruimingsoperatie bij rampen opera di riassetto dopo una catastrofe + opruimingsoperatie bij rampen + Katastrophenaufräumung + disaster contingency plan An anticipatory emergency plan to be followed in an expected or eventual disaster, based on risk assessment, availability of human and material resources, community preparedness, local and international response capability, etc. plan catastrophe - Katastrophenplan - rampenplan piano di protezione civile + rampenplan + Katastrophenplan + @@ -18600,36 +33637,41 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.disaster control service Work done or agency established to analyze, plan, assign and coordinate available resources in order to prepare for, respond to, mitigate and recover from damage caused by an ecological calamity, natural or human in origin. service de prévention des risques - Katastrophenschutz - rampen(bestrijdings)dienst protezione dalle catastrofi + rampen(bestrijdings)dienst + Katastrophenschutz + disaster preparedness The aggregate of measures to be taken in view of disasters, consisting of plans and action programmes designed to minimize loss of life and damage, to organize and facilitate effective rescue and relief, and to rehabilitate after disaster. Preparedness requires the necessary legislation and means to cope with disaster or similar emergency situations. It is also concerned with forecasting and warning, the education and training of the public, organization and management, including plans, training of personnel, the stockpiling of supplies and ensuring the needed funds and other resources. prévoyance en cas de catastrophe - Katastrophenbereitschaft - rampenparaatheid preparazione in vista di disastri + rampenparaatheid + Katastrophenbereitschaft + disaster prevention The aggregate of approaches and measures to ensure that human action or natural phenomena do not cause or result in disaster or similar emergency. It implies the formulation and implementation of long-range policies and programmes to eliminate or prevent the occurrence of disasters. prévention des catastrophes - Katastrophenvorbeugung - rampenpreventie prevenzione di disastri + rampenpreventie + Katastrophenvorbeugung + disaster relief Money, food or other assistance provided for those surviving a sudden, calamitous event causing loss of life, damage or hardship. secours en cas de catastrophe - Katastrophenhilfe - hulp(verlening) bij rampen soccorso in caso di disastro + hulp(verlening) bij rampen + Katastrophenhilfe + + @@ -18637,27 +33679,33 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. discharge legislation législation en matière d'émission - Abgabenrecht - lozingswetgeving legislazione sugli scarichi + lozingswetgeving + Abgabenrecht + + + discharge regime The rate of flow of a river at a particular moment in time, related to its volume and its velocity. régime d'écoulement - Abflussregime - lozingsregime regime di efflusso + lozingsregime + Abflussregime + + disease A definite pathological process having a characteristic set of signs and symptoms which are detrimental to the well-being of the individual. maladie - Krankheit - ziekten malattia + ziekten + Krankheit + @@ -18670,9 +33718,10 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. disease cause étiologie - Krankheitsursache - ziekteoorzaak causa di malattia + ziekteoorzaak + Krankheitsursache + @@ -18691,18 +33740,24 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.disinfectant An agent, such as heat, radiation, or a chemical, that disinfects by destroying, neutralizing, or inhibiting the growth of disease-carrying microorganisms. désinfectant - Desinfektionsmittel - ontsmettingsmiddel disinfettante + ontsmettingsmiddel + Desinfektionsmittel + + disinfection The complex of physical, chemical or mechanical operations undertaken to destroy pathogenic germs. désinfection - Desinfektion - ontsmetting disinfezione + ontsmetting + Desinfektion + + + + @@ -18710,26 +33765,31 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.agricultural storage Any deposit or holdings of farm products, fertilizers, grains, feed and other related supplies in facilities or containers, often to prevent contamination or for times when production cannot meet demand. stockage des produits agricoles - Lagerung landwirtschaftlicher Erzeugnisse - landbouwopslag immagazzinamento di prodotti agricoli + landbouwopslag + Lagerung landwirtschaftlicher Erzeugnisse + + dispatch note bulletin d'expédition - Begleitschein - verzendbericht bolla di spedizione + verzendbericht + Begleitschein + dispersion A distribution of finely divided particles in a medium. dispersion - Dispersion - dispersie [chem. en fys.] dispersione + dispersie [chem. en fys.] + Dispersion + + @@ -18737,35 +33797,45 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.dispersion calculation The calculation of pollutant dispersion is based on the use of air dispersion models that mathematically simulate atmospheric conditions and behaviour. Dispersion models can provide concentration or deposition estimates and can be used to evaluate both existing and hypothetical emissions scenarios. calcul de dispersion - Ausbreitungsrechnung - dispersieberekening calcolo della dispersione + dispersieberekening + Ausbreitungsrechnung + + displaced person Persons who, for different reasons or circumstances, have been compelled to leave their homes. personne déplacée - Vertriebener - ontheemde senza tetto + ontheemde + Vertriebener + disposal of the dead pompes funèbres - Leichenentsorgung - lijkbezorging eliminazione dei cadaveri + lijkbezorging + Leichenentsorgung + + disposal of warfare materials Disposal of the material remnants of war, which can seriously impede development and cause injuries and the loss of lives and property. The disposal of warfare waste is problematic because it can be highly dangerous, toxic, long-living and requires the utilization of specific and sophisticated technologies, particularly in the case of mines and unexploded bombs which have been left on the war territories. élimination des matériels de guerre - Kampfmittelentsorgung - het opruimen van oorlogsmaterieel eliminazione di materiale bellico + het opruimen van oorlogsmaterieel + Kampfmittelentsorgung + + + + + @@ -18773,9 +33843,12 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.dissolution Dissolving of a material. dissolution - Auflösen - oplossing dissoluzione + oplossing + Auflösen + + + @@ -18783,18 +33856,24 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.dissolved organic carbon The fraction of total organic carbon (all carbon atoms covalently bonded in organic molecules) in water that passes through a 0.45 micron pore-diameter filter. carbone organique dissous - Gelöster organischer Kohlenstoff - opgeloste organische koolstof carbonio organico disciolto + opgeloste organische koolstof + Gelöster organischer Kohlenstoff + + distillation The process of producing a gas or vapour from a liquid by heating the liquid in a vessel and collecting and condensing the vapours into liquids. distillation - Destillation - distillatie distillazione + distillatie + Destillation + + + + @@ -18802,54 +33881,67 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.distilling industry A sector of the economy in which an aggregate of commercial enterprises is engaged in the manufacture and marketing of alcoholic beverages made by a distillation process of vaporization and condensation, such as vodka, rum, whiskey and other related beverages. industrie de distillation - Destillationsindustrie - distilleerderijen industria della distillazione + distilleerderijen + Destillationsindustrie + distortion of competition Article 85(1) of the EEC Treaty prohibits all agreements between undertakings, decisions by associations of undertakings and concerted practices which may affect trade between member states and which have as their object or effect the prevention, restriction or distortion of competition within the common market. All such arrangements are automatically null and void under Article 85(2), unless exempted by the Commission pursuant to Article 85(3). The text of Article 85 is as follows: "1. The following shall be prohibited as incompatible with the common market: all agreements between undertakings, decisions by associations of undertakings and concerted practices which may affect trade between member states and which have as their object or effect the prevention, restriction or distortion of competition within the common market, and in particular those which: (a) directly or indirectly fix purchase or selling prices or any other trading conditions; (b) limit or control production, markets, technical development, or investment; (c) share markets or sources of supply; (d) apply dissimilar conditions to equivalent transactions with other trading parties, thereby placing them at a competitive disadvantage; (e) make the conclusion of contracts subject to acceptance by the other parties of supplementary obligations which, by their nature or according to commercial usage, have no connection with the subject of such contracts. distorsion de concurrence - Wettbewerbsverzerrung - concurrentievervalsing concorrenza distorta + concurrentievervalsing + Wettbewerbsverzerrung + distribution In an environmental context, the term refers to the dispersion of air pollutants and depends on the type of pollution source (point source, line source, diffuse source), the wind velocity and the wind direction. Distribution can be active or passive. distribution - Verteilung - verspreiding distribuzione + verspreiding + Verteilung + + district heating The supply of heat, either in the form of steam or hot water, from a central source to a group of buildings. chauffage urbain - Fernwärme - stadsverwarming riscaldamento urbano + stadsverwarming + Fernwärme + + district heating plant Plant for heating all houses in a district; it consists of a large, efficient, centralized boiler plant or "waste" steam from a power station. The heat is distributed by means of low-pressure steam or high-temperature water to the consumers. centrale de chauffage à distance - Blockheizkraftwerk - stadsverwarmingsinstallatie impianto di riscaldamento urbano + stadsverwarmingsinstallatie + Blockheizkraftwerk + + + + disused military site Military site where all activity has ceased. Such areas, being extremely well sheltered against outside disturbances and in many ways less affected by human landuse than many other open landscapes, can contain significant natural habitats and rare or endangered wildlife. Abandoned military territories constitute an important source of natural landscapes to be managed and restored in an environmentally sound way. terrain militaire désaffecté - Rüstungsaltlast - verlaten militair terrein sito militare dismesso + verlaten militair terrein + Rüstungsaltlast + + + @@ -18858,18 +33950,23 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.ditch A long, narrow excavation artificially dug in the ground; especially an open and usually unpaved waterway, channel, or trench for conveying water for drainage or irrigation, and usually smaller than a canal. Some ditches may be natural watercourses. fossé - Graben - sloot fossato + sloot + Graben + + + DNA The principal material of inheritance. It is found in chromosomes and consists of molecules that are long unbranched chains made up of many nucleotides. Each nucleotide is a combination of phosphoric acid, the monosaccharide deoxyribose and one of four nitrogenous bases: thymine, cytosine, adenine or guanine. The number of possible arrangements of nucleotides along the DNA chain is immense. Usually two DNA strands are linked together in parallel by specific base-pairing and are helically coiled. Replication of DNA molecules is accomplished by separation of the two strands, followed by the building up of matching strands by means of base-pairing, using the two halves as templates. By a mechanism involving RNA, the structure of DNA is translated into the structure of proteins during their synthesis from amino acids. ADN - DNA - DNA DNA + DNA + DNA + + @@ -18878,9 +33975,10 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.document Material of any kind, regardless of physical form, which furnishes information, evidence or ideas, including items such as contracts, bills of sale, letters, audio and video recordings, and machine readable data files. document - Dokument - document documento + document + Dokument + @@ -18891,9 +33989,10 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.documentation The process of accumulating, classifying and disseminating information, often to support the claim or data given in a book or article. documentation - Dokumentation - documentatie documentazione + documentatie + Dokumentation + @@ -18906,9 +34005,12 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.documentation centre Centre for assembling, coding, and disseminating recorded knowledge comprehensively treated as an integral procedure, utilizing various techniques for giving documentary information maximum accessibility and usability. centre de documentation - Dokumentationszentrum - documentatie centrum centro di documentazione + documentatie centrum + Dokumentationszentrum + + + @@ -18916,9 +34018,10 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.document type Any one of a number of diverse classes of written, printed or digitized items furnishing information or evidence, and distinguished by content, form or function. type de document - Dokumenttyp - soort document tipo di documento + soort document + Dokumenttyp + @@ -18943,18 +34046,22 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.dog A common four-legged animal, especially kept by people as a pet or to hunt or guard things. chien - Hund - hond cane + hond + Hund + + agricultural waste Unusable materials, liquid or solid, that result from agricultural practices, such as fertilizers, pesticides, crop residue (such as orchard prunings) and cattle manure. déchet agricole - Landwirtschaftlicher Abfall - landbouwafval rifiuto agricolo + landbouwafval + Landwirtschaftlicher Abfall + + @@ -18963,9 +34070,13 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.domestic appliance A machine or device, especially an electrical one used domestically. appareil électro-ménager - Haushaltsgerät - huishoudelijk apparaat apparecchiatura domestica + huishoudelijk apparaat + Haushaltsgerät + + + + @@ -18975,9 +34086,11 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.domesticated animal 1) Wild animal which has been trained to live near a house and not be frightened of human beings; 2) species which was formerly wild, now selectively bred to fill human needs. animal domestique (élevage) - Domestiziertes Tier - huisdier animale addomesticato + huisdier + Domestiziertes Tier + + @@ -18986,18 +34099,22 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.domestic fuel Fuels obtained from different sources that are used for domestic heating. fioul domestique - Haushaltsbrennstoff - huisbrandstof combustibile domestico + huisbrandstof + Haushaltsbrennstoff + + domestic fuel oil Liquid petroleum product used in domestic heaters. mazout de chauffage - Heizöl (leicht) - huisbrandolie gasolio per riscaldamento + huisbrandolie + Heizöl (leicht) + + @@ -19006,18 +34123,21 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.domestic noise Noise caused by domestic facilities and activities. bruit domestique - Hauslärm - huishoudelijk lawaai rumore domestico + huishoudelijk lawaai + Hauslärm + + access to culture The ability, right and permission to approach and use, or the general availability of resources that transmit the beliefs, customs, artistic activity and knowledge of a people. accès à la culture - Zugang zur Kultur - toegankelijkheid van de cultuur accesso alla cultura + toegankelijkheid van de cultuur + Zugang zur Kultur + @@ -19027,18 +34147,22 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.domestic trade Trade wholly carried on at home; as distinguished from foreign commerce. commerce intérieur - Binnenhandel - binnenlandse handel commercio interno + binnenlandse handel + Binnenhandel + + domestic waste Waste generated by residential households and comprised of any material no longer wanted or needed. ordures ménagères - Haushaltsabfall - huishoudelijk afval rifiuto domestico + huishoudelijk afval + Haushaltsabfall + + @@ -19048,9 +34172,13 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.domestic waste landfill Site for the disposal of wastes arising from domestic activities. décharge d'ordures ménagères - Hausmülldeponie - huisvuilstortplaats discarica per rifiuti domestici + huisvuilstortplaats + Hausmülldeponie + + + + @@ -19059,9 +34187,12 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.domestic waste water Wastewater principally derived from households, business buildings, institutions, etc., which may or may not contain surface runoff, groundwater or storm water. eau usée domestique - Haushaltsabwasser - huishoudelijk afvalwater acqua di rifiuto domestica + huishoudelijk afvalwater + Haushaltsabwasser + + + @@ -19069,18 +34200,21 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.dosage The amount of a substance required to produce an effect. dosage - Dosierung - dosering dosaggio + dosering + Dosierung + dose The amount of test substance administered. Dose is expressed as weight of test substance (g, mg) per unit weight of test animal (e.g., mg/kg), or as weight of food or drinking water. dose - Dosis - dosis dose + dosis + Dosis + + @@ -19091,27 +34225,32 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.dose-effect relationship The relation between the quantity of a given substance and a measurable or observable effect. relation dose-effet - Dosis-Wirkung-Beziehung - dosis-effectrelatie relazione dose-effetto + dosis-effectrelatie + Dosis-Wirkung-Beziehung + + + draft legislation An initial unsigned agreement, treaty, or piece of legislation which is not yet in force. projet d'acte législatif - Gesetzentwurf - ontwerpwetgeving bozza di legge + ontwerpwetgeving + Gesetzentwurf + dragonfly Any of the insects composing six families of the suborder Anisoptera and having four large, membranous wings and compound eyes that provide keen vision. libellule - Libelle - libellen libellule + libellen + Libelle + @@ -19119,9 +34258,11 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.1) Removal of groundwater or surface water, or of water from structures, by gravity or pumping. 2) The discharge of water from a soil by percolation (the process by which surface water moves downwards through cracks, joints and pores in soil and rocks). drainage - Entwässerung - afwatering drenaggio + afwatering + Entwässerung + + @@ -19131,9 +34272,10 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.agriculture The production of plants and animals useful to man, involving soil cultivation and the breeding and management of crops and livestock. agriculture - Landwirtschaft - landbouw agricoltura + landbouw + Landwirtschaft + @@ -19156,75 +34298,92 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.drainage water Incidental surface waters from diverse sources such as rainfall, snow melt or permafrost melt. eau de drainage - Dränwasser - afwatering acqua di drenaggio + afwatering + Dränwasser + draught animal bête de trait - Zugtier - trekdier animale da traino + trekdier + Zugtier + + dredged material Unconsolidated material removed from rivers, streams, and shallow seas with machines such as the bucket-ladder dredge, dragline dredge, or suction dredge. matériau dragué - Baggergut - baggermateriaal materiale di dragaggio + baggermateriaal + Baggergut + dredging Removing solid matter from the bottom of a water area. dragage - Baggerarbeit - baggeren dragaggio + baggeren + Baggerarbeit + + + + agriculture and cattle industry Large scale growing of crops and livestock grazing for profit. agriculture et élevage industriel - Land- und Viehwirtschaft - landbouw en veehouderij industria dell'agricoltura e dell'allevamento + landbouw en veehouderij + Land- und Viehwirtschaft + + + + - olive oil mill wastewater + olive oil mill waste water Aqueous residue deriving from the process of oil extraction from olives; it is composed of the olive-combined water and of the water used in the extraction and washing processes. It also contains a certain percentage of mineral compounds and of organic substances that are only partially biodegradable. lies d'huile - Ölrückstände - oliebezinksel effluenti di frantoio + oliebezinksel + Ölrückstände + drift net fishing The use of fishing nets of great length and depth, aptly described as "walls of death" because of the huge numbers of marine mammals, birds, and turtles that became ensnared in them. The Tarawa Declaration of 1989 formulated at the 20th South Pacific Forum, aimed at banning drift netting in the South Pacific. In June 1992 the UN banned drift netting in all the world's oceans. pêche aux filets dérivants - Treibnetzfischerei - drijfnetvisserij pesca di deriva + drijfnetvisserij + Treibnetzfischerei + drilling The act of boring holes in the earth for finding water or oil, for geologic surveys, etc. forage - Bohrung - boren perforazione + boren + Bohrung + + + @@ -19232,18 +34391,23 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.drilling installation The structural base upon which the drill rig and associated equipment is mounted during the drilling operation. installation de forage - Bohranlage - boorinstallatie installazione per trivellazione + boorinstallatie + Bohranlage + + + drinking water Water that is agreeable to drink, does not present health hazards and whose quality is normally regulated by legislation. eau potable - Trinkwasser - drinkwater acqua potabile + drinkwater + Trinkwasser + + @@ -19253,27 +34417,38 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.drinking water protection area Area surrounding a water recovery plant in which certain forms of soil utilization are restricted or prohibited in order to protect the groundwater. zone de captage d'eau potable - Trinkwasserschutzgebiet - drinkwaterbeschermingsgebied area di protezione delle acque potabile + drinkwaterbeschermingsgebied + Trinkwasserschutzgebiet + + + + + drinking water supply The provision and storage of potable water, or the amount of potable water stored, for the use of a municipality, or other potable water user. approvisionnement en eau potable - Trinkwasserversorgung - drinkwatervoorziening approvvigionamento di acqua potabile + drinkwatervoorziening + Trinkwasserversorgung + + + drinking water treatment The Directive on the Quality of Surface Water Intended for Drinking Water defines three categories of water treatment (A1, A2, A3) from simple physical treatment and disinfection to intensive physical and chemical treatment. The treatment to be used depends on the quality of the water abstracted. The Directive uses imperative values for parameters known to have an adverse effect on health and also guide values for those which are less adverse. There is also a directive which complements the "surface water abstraction" Directive by indicating the methods of measurement and the frequency of sampling and analysis required. traitement de l'eau potable - Trinkwasserbehandlung - het behandelen van drinkwater trattamento dell'acqua potabile + het behandelen van drinkwater + Trinkwasserbehandlung + + + @@ -19282,9 +34457,11 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.drought A period of abnormally dry weather sufficiently prolonged so that the lack of water causes a serious hydrologic imbalance (such as crop damage, water supply shortage) in the affected area. sécheresse - Dürre - droogte siccità + droogte + Dürre + + @@ -19292,35 +34469,42 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.agriculture framework plan A formulated or systematic method for the management of soil, crops and livestock. plan cadre de l'agriculture - Landwirtschaftsrahmenplan - landbouwkundig kaderplan piano di inquadramento agricolo + landbouwkundig kaderplan + Landwirtschaftsrahmenplan + + drought control Measures taken to prevent, mitigate or eliminate damage caused to the ecosystem, especially crops, by a sustained period of dry weather. lutte contre la sécheresse - Dürreschutz - droogtebeheer controllo della siccità + droogtebeheer + Dürreschutz + + drug abuse toxicomanie - Drogenmißbrauch - misbruik van geneesmiddelen abuso di farmaci + misbruik van geneesmiddelen + Drogenmißbrauch + drug (medicine) A chemical substance used internally or externally as a medicine for the prevention, diagnosis, treatment or cure of disease, for the relief of pain or to control or enhance physical or mental well-being. médicament - Arzneimittel - geneesmiddel farmaco + geneesmiddel + Arzneimittel + + @@ -19331,36 +34515,45 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.dry cleaning To clean fabrics etc. with a solvent other than water. nettoyage à sec - Chemischreinigung - chemisch reinigen pulitura a secco + chemisch reinigen + Chemischreinigung + + + + dry deposition The accumulation of both particles and gases as they come into contact with soil, water or vegetation on the earth's surfaces. retombée sèche - Trockene Deposition - droge depositie deposizione secca + droge depositie + Trockene Deposition + + + dry farming A system of extensive agriculture allowing the production of crops without irrigation in areas of limited rainfall. Dry farming involves conserving soil moisture through mulching, frequent fallowing, maintenance of a fine tilth by cross-ploughing, repeated working of the soil after rainfall and removal of any weeds that would take up some of the moisture. aridoculture - Trockenfarmverfahren - dry farming aridocoltura + dry farming + Trockenfarmverfahren + drying The process of partially or totally removing water or other liquids from a solid. séchage - Trocknung - drogen essiccamento + drogen + Trocknung + @@ -19369,18 +34562,21 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.drying out Removal of water from any substance. dessèchement - Austrocknung - verdroging disidratazione + verdroging + Austrocknung + + dual economy An economy based upon two separate/distinct economic systems which co-exist in the same geographical space. Dualism is characteristic of many developing countries in which some parts of a country resemble advanced economies while other parts resemble traditional economies, i.e. there are circuits of production and exchange. économie à deux vitesses - Dualwirtschaft - tweeledige economie dualismo economico + tweeledige economie + Dualwirtschaft + @@ -19393,9 +34589,13 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.dual waste management To reduce the quantity of packaging waste, and thereby of overall MSW, Germany introduced a far-reaching legislation to reduce waste, based on the producer's responsibility principle. Industry was given the option to set up a third party organization which would carry out the collection and sorting of sales packaging for care of manufacturers and retailers. Thus, Some 600 companies created "Duales System Deutschland" in 1990 ("Dual" because it meant creating a second collection system in parallel to the existing waste collection system of the local authorities). Duales System Deutschland (DSD), now has overall responsibility for the separate collection and recycling of packaging. At present, the Dual System is the only nationwide system for the collection and sorting of sales packaging. Packaging participating in this collection system is marked with the Green Dot. gestion commune des déchets banals et spéciaux - Duale Abfallwirtschaft - gescheiden afvalverwerking gestione differenziata dei rifiuti + gescheiden afvalverwerking + Duale Abfallwirtschaft + + + + @@ -19404,9 +34604,10 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.dumping The discarding of waste in any manner, often without regard to environmental control. décharge non réglementaire - Abfallablagerung - storten scarico (attività) + storten + Abfallablagerung + @@ -19420,9 +34621,12 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.agrochemical Any substance or mixture of substances used or intended to be used for preventing, destroying, repelling, attracting, inhibiting, or controlling any insects, rodents, birds, nematodes, bacteria, fungi, weeds or other forms of plant, animal or microbial life regarded as pests. produit agrochimique - Agrochemikalie - agrochemisch prodotto chimico per l'agricoltura + agrochemisch + Agrochemikalie + + + @@ -19432,9 +34636,13 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.land disposal The discharge, deposit or injection of any waste onto or into the soil or other land surfaces. décharge - Endlagerung im Boden - opberging te land discarica in terra + opberging te land + Endlagerung im Boden + + + + @@ -19443,9 +34651,11 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.dune A low mound, ridge, bank, or hill of loose, windblown granular material (generally sand, sometimes volcanic ash), either bare or covered with vegetation, capable of movement from place but always retaining its characteristic shape. dune - Düne - duin duna + duin + Düne + + @@ -19453,62 +34663,77 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.duration of sunshine Period of the day during which the sun is shining. durée de l'ensoleillement - Sonnenscheindauer - aantal uren zonneschijn durata dell'insolazione + aantal uren zonneschijn + Sonnenscheindauer + + dust Any kind of solid material divided in particles of very small size. poussière - Staub - stof polvere + stof + Staub + + dust immission immission de poussière - Staubimmission - stofuitstoot immissione di polvere + stofuitstoot + Staubimmission + + + dust removal The removal of dust from air by ventilation or exhaust systems. dépoussiérage - Entstaubung - stofverwijdering depolverazione + stofverwijdering + Entstaubung + registration obligation The duty to formally enroll with a government agency or an authority in order to be granted certain rights, particularly trademark or copyright privileges, or the permission to sell and distribute a product. obligation d'enregistrement - Anmeldepflicht - registratieplicht obbligo di registrazione + registratieplicht + Anmeldepflicht + + + dwelling Any enclosed space wholly or partially used or intended to be used for living, sleeping, cooking, and eating. habitation - Wohnung - woning abitazione + woning + Wohnung + + + dye A coloring material. teinture - Farbstoff - kleurstof tintura + kleurstof + Farbstoff + @@ -19517,9 +34742,11 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.agroforestry The interplanting of farm crops and trees, especially leguminous species. In semiarid regions and on denuded hillsides, agroforestry helps control erosion and restores soil fertility, as well as supplying valuable food and commodities at the same time. agro-foresterie - Agroforstwirtschaft - combinatie land- en bosbouw agroforestazione + combinatie land- en bosbouw + Agroforstwirtschaft + + @@ -19527,18 +34754,24 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.dyke An artificial wall, embankment, ridge, or mound, usually of earth or rock fill, built around a relatively flat, low-lying area to protect it from flooding; a levee. A dyke may be also be constructed on the shore or border of a lake to prevent inflow of undesirable water. digue - Deich - dijk argine artificiale + dijk + Deich + + + dyke reinforcement The addition of material to strengthen the structure of the dykes. renforcement de digue - Deichverstärkung - dijkverzwaring rinforzo degli argini artificiali + dijkverzwaring + Deichverstärkung + + + @@ -19546,26 +34779,32 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.early warning system Any series of procedures and devices designed to detect sudden or potential threats to persons, property or the environment at the first sign of danger; especially a system utilizing radar technology. système d'alerte rapide - Frühwarnsystem - vroegtijdig waarschuwingssysteem sistema preventivo di allarme + vroegtijdig waarschuwingssysteem + Frühwarnsystem + access to the sea accès à la mer - Meereszugang - toegang tot de zee accesso al mare + toegang tot de zee + Meereszugang + agroindustry Industry dealing with the supply, processing and distribution of farm products. agroindustrie - Agrarindustrie - agro-industrie agroindustria + agro-industrie + Agrarindustrie + + + + @@ -19573,9 +34812,11 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.earth's crust The outer layers of the Earth's structure, varying between 6 and 48 km in thickness, and comprising all the material above the Mohorovicic Discontinuity (a seismic discontinuity occurring between the crust of the earth and the underlying mantle; the discontinuity occurs at an average depth of 35 km below the continents and at about 10 km below the oceans). The earlier idea of a cool solid skin overlaying a hot molten interior has now been replaced by a concept of a crust composed of two shells: an inner basic unit composed of sima (oceanic crust) and an outer granitic unit composed of sial (continental crust). croûte terrestre - Erdkruste - aardkorst crosta terrestre + aardkorst + Erdkruste + + @@ -19586,18 +34827,20 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.earthquake The violent shaking of the ground produced by deep seismic waves, beneath the epicentre, generated by a sudden decrease or release in a volume of rock of elastic strain accumulated over a long time in regions of seismic activity (tectonic earthquake). The magnitude of an earthquake is represented by the Richter scale; the intensity by the Mercalli scale. séisme - Erdbeben - aardbeving terremoto + aardbeving + Erdbeben + earth science The science that deals with the earth or any part thereof; includes the disciplines of geology, geography, oceanography and meteorology, among others. sciences de la terre - Geowissenschaften - aardwetenschappen scienze della terra + aardwetenschappen + Geowissenschaften + @@ -19611,9 +34854,10 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.Earth-Sun relationship The Earth depends on the sun for its existence as a planet hospitable to life, and solar energy is the major factor determining the climate. Hence, conditions on the sun and conditions on Earth are inextricably linked. Although the sun's rays may appear unchanging, its radiation does vary. Many scientists suspect that sunspot activity has a greater influence on climatic change than variations attributed to the greenhouse effect. relations Terre-Soleil - Erde-Sonne-Beziehung - relaties tussen de Aarde en de Zon relazioni Terra-Sole + relaties tussen de Aarde en de Zon + Erde-Sonne-Beziehung + @@ -19623,81 +34867,92 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.earthworm Any of numerous oligochaete worms of the genera Lumbricus, Allolobophora, Eisenia, etc., which burrow in the soil and help aerate and break up the ground. lombric - Regenwurm - regenwormen lombrichi + regenwormen + Regenwurm + earwig Any of various insects of the order Dermaptera, especially Forficula auricularia, which typically have an elongated body with small leathery forewings, semicircular membranous hindwings, and curved forceps at the tip of the abdomen. perce-oreille - Ohrwürmer - oorwurmen forbicine + oorwurmen + Ohrwürmer + agrometeorology The study of the interaction between meteorological and hydrological factors, on the one hand, and agriculture in the widest sense, including horticulture, animal husbandry and forestry, on the other. agro-météorologie - Agrometeorologie - meteorologie voor de landbouw agrometeorologia + meteorologie voor de landbouw + Agrometeorologie + + East Africa A geographic region of the African continent that includes Burundi, Kenya, Rwanda, Tanzania, Uganda, Ethiopia and Somalia, and also Mt. Kilimanjaro and Lake Victoria. Afrique de l'Est - Ostafrika - Oost-Afrika Africa orientale + Oost-Afrika + Ostafrika + Eastern Asia A geographic region of the Asian continent bordered by the Pacific Ocean in the east that includes China, Japan, Korea, Macao, Taiwan and Siberia. Asie orientale - Ostasien - Oost-Azië Asia orientale + Oost-Azië + Ostasien + Eastern Europe A geographic region of the European continent west of Asia and east of Germany and the Adriatic Sea, traditionally consisting of countries that were formerly part of the Soviet Union, such as Poland, the Czech Republic, Slovakia, Hungary, Romania, Serbia, Croatia and Bulgaria. Europe de l'Est - Osteuropa - Oost-Europa Europa orientale + Oost-Europa + Osteuropa + East-West relations relations Est-Ouest - Ost-West-Beziehung - Oost-West verhoudingen relazioni est-ovest + Oost-West verhoudingen + Ost-West-Beziehung + East-West trade Trade between countries and companies of the Western hemisphere with those of the Eastern hemisphere (usually referring to former Communist countries of Eastern Europe). commerce Est-Ouest - Ost-West-Handel - Oost-West handel commercio fra est e ovest + Oost-West handel + Ost-West-Handel + + EC Council of Ministers The organ of the EU that is primarily concerned with the formulation of policy and the adoption of Community legislation. The Council consists of one member of government of each of the member states of the Community, and its presidency is held by each state in turn for periods of six months. Conseil des ministres de la CE - EG-Ministerrat - EG Raad van Ministers Consiglio dei ministri della CE + EG Raad van Ministers + EG-Ministerrat + @@ -19705,9 +34960,10 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.EC directive A type of legislation issued by the European Union which is binding on Member States in terms of the results to be achieved but which leaves to Member States the choice of methods. directive de la CE - EU-Richtlinie - EG-richtlijn direttiva della CE + EG-richtlijn + EU-Richtlinie + @@ -19720,41 +34976,52 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. + EC directive on biocides Directive regulating the placing of biocidal products on the market. directive CE relative aux biocides - EU-Biozidrichtlinie - EG-richtlijn betreffende biociden direttiva CE sui biocidi + EG-richtlijn betreffende biociden + EU-Biozidrichtlinie + + + EC directive on packaging EC Directive proposed on 15 July 1992 aiming at harmonizing national measures concerning the management of packaging and packaging waste; the directive covers all packaging placed on the market. directive CE relative aux emballages - EU-Verpackungsrichtlinie - EG-richtlijn betreffende verpakkingen direttiva CE sugli imballaggi + EG-richtlijn betreffende verpakkingen + EU-Verpackungsrichtlinie + + + EC directive on waste disposal EC Directive whose main object concerns waste prevention, recycling and transformation into alternative energy sources. directive CE relative à l'éliminiation des déchets - EU-Deponierichtlinie - EG-richtlijn betreffende afvalverwerking direttiva CE sullo smaltimento dei rifiuti + EG-richtlijn betreffende afvalverwerking + EU-Deponierichtlinie + + EC directive on water protection Directive concerning the use and management of water resources for a rational economical and social development and the protection of the related environmental features. directive CE relative à la protection de l'eau - EU-Wasserschutzrichtlinie - EG-richtlijn betreffende de bescherming van water direttiva CE sulla tutela delle acque + EG-richtlijn betreffende de bescherming van water + EU-Wasserschutzrichtlinie + + @@ -19764,27 +35031,32 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.EC ecolabel The European Community (EC) initiative to encourage the promotion of environmentally friendly products. The scheme came into operation in late 1992 and was designed to identify products which are less harmful to the environment than equivalent brands. For example, eco-labels will be awarded to products that do not contain chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) which damage ozone layer, to those products that can be, or are, recycled, and to those that are energy efficient. The labels are awarded on environmental criteria set by the EC. These cover the whole life cycle of a product, from the extraction of raw materials, through manufacture, distribution, use and disposal of the product. The first products to carry the EC eco-labels were washing machines, paper towels, writing paper, light bulbs and hairsprays. CE écolabel - EU-Umweltzeichen - EG-milieukeur(merk) marchio di qualità ecologica della CE + EG-milieukeur(merk) + EU-Umweltzeichen + + + echinoderm Marine coelomate animals distinguished from all others by an internal skeleton composed of calcite plates, and a water-vascular system to serve the needs of locomotion, respiration, nutrition or perception. échinoderme - Stachelhäuter - stekelhuidigen echinodermi + stekelhuidigen + Stachelhäuter + AIDS The acquired immunodeficiency syndrome is caused by HIV-virus manifested by opportunistic infections and/or malignancies, and the mortality rate is very high. The syndrome results from a breakdown of the body's disease-fighting mechanism that leaves it defenceless against infections, such as pulmonary tuberculosis, Pneumocystis pneumonia, certain blood infections, candidiasis, invasive cervical cancer, Kaposi's sarcoma or any of over 20 other indicator diseases. No effective treatment is available. A striking feature of AIDS is the wide spectrum and frequency of infections with life-threatening pathogens seldom seen in normal hosts. The illness may begin with insidious signs and symptoms, and the process may be more diffuse than when the same conditions are seen in other immune-compromised patients. Four patterns of disease occur in AIDS patients. The pulmonary pattern, the central nervous system pattern, the gastrointestinal pattern, and the pattern of fever of unknown origin. Most patients who recover from a given opportunistic infection subsequently either have a relapse or develop a new type of infection. Many patients continue to have a wasting syndrome and experience such infections as oral thrush. Feelings of depression and isolation are common among AIDS patients and can be intensified if health care workers display fear of the syndrome. SIDA - AIDS - AIDS AIDS + AIDS + AIDS + @@ -19792,18 +35064,21 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.1) Conservative development based on long term optimization of biosphere resources. 2)An approach to development through rational use of natural resources by means of appropriate technology and system of production which take into account and provide for the conservation of nature. ecodéveloppement - Ökoentwicklung - ecologische ontwikkeling ecosviluppo + ecologische ontwikkeling + Ökoentwicklung + + ecolabelling The European Community's initiative to encourage the promotion of environmentally friendly products. The scheme came into operation in late 1992 and was designed to identify products which are less harmful to the environment than equivalent brands. It was hoped that by buying labelled goods, consumers would be able to put pressure on manufacturers and retailers both to make and to stock "greener" products. This includes the effects they have on the environment at all stages. The labels are awarded on environmental criteria set by the EC. écolabellisation - Umweltkennzeichnung - het toekennen van een milieukeur(merk) etichettatura ecologica + het toekennen van een milieukeur(merk) + Umweltkennzeichnung + @@ -19811,9 +35086,10 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.ecological abundance Number of individual specimens of an animal or plant seen over a certain period of time in a certain place. population (spécifique) - Ökologischer Reichtum - ecologische abondantie abbondanza ecologica + ecologische abondantie + Ökologischer Reichtum + @@ -19821,9 +35097,10 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.ecological adaptation Change in an organism so that it is better able to survive or reproduce, thereby contributing to its fitness. adaptation écologique - Biologische Anpassung - ecologische aanpassing adattamento ecologico + ecologische aanpassing + Biologische Anpassung + @@ -19835,9 +35112,12 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.ecological assessment Ecological assessment consists in monitoring the current and changing conditions of ecological resources from which success or failure of the ecosystem can be judged without bias; understanding more fully the structure and function of ecosystems in order to develop improved management options; developing models to predict the response of ecosystems to changes resulting from human-induced stress from which possible ecosystem management strategies can be assessed and assessing the ecological consequences of management actions so that decisionmakers can best understand the outcomes of choosing a particular management strategy. évaluation écologique - Ökologische Bewertung - ecologische beoordeling valutazione ecologica + ecologische beoordeling + Ökologische Bewertung + + + @@ -19849,9 +35129,10 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.ecological balance The condition of equilibrium among the components of a natural community such that their relative numbers remain fairly constant and their ecosystem is stable. Gradual readjustments to the composition of a balanced community take place continually in response to natural ecological succession and to alterations in climatic and other influences. équilibre écologique - Ökologisches Gleichgewicht - ecologisch evenwicht bilancio ecologico (biologia) + ecologisch evenwicht + Ökologisches Gleichgewicht + @@ -19860,18 +35141,20 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.ecological bookkeeping The systematic accounting or recordkeeping of a company's impact on the environment or its progress towards environmentally sound business practices. comptabilité écologique - Ökologische Buchführung - ecologische boekhouding contabilità ecologica + ecologische boekhouding + Ökologische Buchführung + air A predominantly mechanical mixture of a variety of individual gases forming the earth's enveloping atmosphere. air - Luft - lucht aria + lucht + Luft + @@ -19879,9 +35162,10 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.ecological factor An environmental factor that, under some definite conditions, can exert appreciable influence on organisms or their communities, causing the increase or decrease in the number of organisms and/or changes in the communities. facteur écologique - Ökologischer Faktor - ecologische factor fattore ecologico + ecologische factor + Ökologischer Faktor + @@ -19896,18 +35180,23 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.1) The space occupied by a species, which includes both the physical space as well as the functional role of the species. 2) Ecological niche refers to the characteristics of an environment that provides all the essential food and protection for the continued survival of a particular species of flora or fauna. In addition to food and shelter, there is no long-term threat to existence in that place from potential predators, parasites and competitors. The concept of the ecological niche goes a long way beyond the idea of the species habitat. niche écologique - Ökologische Nische - ecologische niche nicchia ecologica + ecologische niche + Ökologische Nische + + ecological parameter A variable, measurable property whose value is a determinant of the characteristics of an ecosystem. paramètre écologique - Ökologischer Parameter - ecologische parameter parametro ecologico + ecologische parameter + Ökologischer Parameter + + + @@ -19939,18 +35228,21 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.ecologically sensitive area Area where it is likely that a change in some parts of the system will produce a recognizable response. zone sensible (écologie) - Ökologische Vorrangfläche - ecologisch gevoelig gebied area sensibile dal punto di vista ecologico + ecologisch gevoelig gebied + Ökologische Vorrangfläche + ecological stocktaking Taking stock of, evaluating, or inventorying a company's impact on the environment or its progress towards environmentally sound business practices. inventaire écologique - Ökologische Bestandsaufnahme - ecologische inventarisatie inventario ecologico + ecologische inventarisatie + Ökologische Bestandsaufnahme + + @@ -19960,18 +35252,21 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.ecologist movement Grouping of individuals and organizations dedicated to the protection of the environment. mouvement écologiste - Ökologiebewegung - milieubeweging movimento ecologista + milieubeweging + Ökologiebewegung + ecology The study of the interrelationships between living organisms and their environment. écologie - Ökologie - milieu ecologia + milieu + Ökologie + + @@ -19983,18 +35278,20 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.trophic ecology The study of the feeding relationships of organisms in communities and ecosystems. Trophic links between populations represent flows of organisms, organic energy and nutrients. Trophic transfers are important in population dynamics, biogeochemistry, and ecosystem energetics. écologie trophique - Trophische Ökologie - trofische ecologie ecologia trofica + trofische ecologie + Trophische Ökologie + economic activity Any effort, work, function or sphere of action pertaining to the production of goods, services or any other resource with exchange value. activité économique - Ökonomische Aktivität - economische activiteit attività economica + economische activiteit + Ökonomische Aktivität + @@ -20002,9 +35299,11 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.economical-ecological efficiency The competency in performance in business matters involving the relation between financial and environmental principles. efficience économique-écologique - Ökonomisch-ökologische Effizienz - economisch-ecologische efficiëntie efficienza economico-ecologica + economisch-ecologische efficiëntie + Ökonomisch-ökologische Effizienz + + @@ -20012,9 +35311,11 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.economic analysis The quantitative and qualitative identification, study, and evaluation of the nature of an economy or a system of organization or operation. analyse économique - Ökonomische Analyse - economische analyse analisi economica + economische analyse + Ökonomische Analyse + + @@ -20031,18 +35332,20 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.economic development The state of nations and the historical processes of change experienced by them, the extent to which the resources of a nation are brought into productive use; the concept of development subsumes associated social, cultural and political changes as well as welfare measures. développement économique - Wirtschaftsentwicklung - economische ontwikkeling sviluppo economico + economische ontwikkeling + Wirtschaftsentwicklung + economic growth An increase over successive periods in the productivity and wealth of a household, country or region, as measured by one of several possible variables, such as the gross domestic product. croissance économique - Wirtschaftswachstum - economische groei crescita economica + economische groei + Wirtschaftswachstum + @@ -20053,9 +35356,11 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.economic instrument Any tool or method used by an organization to achieve general developmental goals in the production of, or in the regulation of, material resources. instrument économique - Ökonomische Instrumente - economische instrumenten strumento economico + economische instrumenten + Ökonomische Instrumente + + @@ -20065,18 +35370,23 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.economic management instrument A tool or method used by any organization in the management of developmental processes used in the production of, or in the regulation of, material resources. instrument de gestion économique - Ökonomisches Managementinstrument - economisch managementsinstrumenten strumento di gestione economica + economisch managementsinstrumenten + Ökonomisches Managementinstrument + + + economic planning An economy in which prices, incomes etc. are determined centrally by government rather than through the operation of the free market, and in which industrial production is governed by an overall national plan. planification économique - Wirtschaftsplanung - economische planning pianificazione economica + economische planning + Wirtschaftsplanung + + @@ -20084,9 +35394,11 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.economic policy A definite course of action adopted and pursued by a government, political party or enterprise pertaining to the production, distribution and use of income, wealth and commodities. politique économique - Wirtschftspolitik - economisch beleid politica economica + economisch beleid + Wirtschftspolitik + + @@ -20098,9 +35410,11 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.accident An unexpected occurrence, failure or loss with the potential for harming human life, property or the environment. accident - Unfall - ongevallen incidente + ongevallen + Unfall + + @@ -20114,18 +35428,22 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.air conditioning A system or process for controlling the temperature and sometimes the humidity and purity of the air in a house, etc. climatisation - Klimatisierung - luchtverversing condizionamento dell'aria + luchtverversing + Klimatisierung + + economics The social study of the production, distribution, and consumption of wealth. science économique - Ökonomie - economie scienze economiche + economie + Ökonomie + + @@ -20140,9 +35458,11 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.economic situation The complex of elements which, in a given period, characterize the condition or state of a country or region's ability to produce goods, services and other resources with exchange value. situation économique - Ökonomische Situation - economische toestand congiuntura + economische toestand + Ökonomische Situation + + @@ -20150,9 +35470,10 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.economic system Organized sets of procedures used within or between communities to govern the production and distribution of goods and services. système économique - Wirtschaftssystem - economisch systeem sistema economico + economisch systeem + Wirtschaftssystem + @@ -20162,9 +35483,11 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.economic theory The study of relationships in the economy. Its purpose is to analyze and explain the behaviour of the various economic elements. The body of economic theory can be divided into two broad categories, positive theory and welfare theory. Positive theory is an attempt to analyze the operation of the economy without considering the desirability of its results in terms of ultimate goals. Welfare theory is concerned primarily with an evaluation of the economic system in terms of ethical goals which are not themselves derived from economic analysis. théorie économique - Wirtschaftstheorie - economische theorie teoria economica + economische theorie + Wirtschaftstheorie + + @@ -20172,9 +35495,10 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.economic trend Changes of variables and parameters of an economic system, analysed in statistical calculations. conjoncture - Wirtschaftstendenz - economische trend andamento economico + economische trend + Wirtschaftstendenz + @@ -20184,27 +35508,32 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.economic viability Capability of developing and surviving as a relatively independent social, economic or political unit. viabilité économique - Wirtschaftlichkeit - economische levensvatbaarheid vitalità economica + economische levensvatbaarheid + Wirtschaftlichkeit + economic zoning A land-use planning design or control where specific types of businesses or private sector investment are encouraged within designated boundaries. zonage économique - Wirtschaftszonenaufteilung - industriezone zonizzazione economica + industriezone + Wirtschaftszonenaufteilung + + + economy The system of activities and administration through which a society uses its resources to produce wealth. économie - Wirtschaft - economie economia + economie + Wirtschaft + @@ -20244,27 +35573,33 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.eco-paediatrics Branch of medical science concerning the study and the therapy of children diseases caused by environmental factors. écopédiatrie - Ökopädiatrie - eco-pediatrie ecopediatria + eco-pediatrie + Ökopädiatrie + + ecophysiology The study of biophysical, biochemical and physiological processes used by animals to cope with factors of their physical environment, or employed during ecological interactions with other organisms. écophysiologie - Ökophysiologie - eco-fysiologie ecofisiologia + eco-fysiologie + Ökophysiologie + + ecosystem A community of organisms and their physical environment interacting as an ecological unit. écosystème - Ökosystem - ecosysteem ecosistema + ecosysteem + Ökosystem + + @@ -20281,9 +35616,11 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.ecosystem analysis Detailed study of an ecosystem carried out to ascertain its features from the point of view of its soil composition, energy flux, biogeochemical cycles, biomass, organisms and their relationship with the environment. analyse de l'écosystème - Ökosystemanalyse - ecosysteem-analyse analisi dell'ecosistema + ecosysteem-analyse + Ökosystemanalyse + + @@ -20293,9 +35630,12 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.ecosystem degradation Degradation or destruction of large natural environments. When one ecosystem is under attack as a result of natural or man-made disaster it is extremely difficult to calculate the ripple effects throughout nature. When two or more ecosystems are being degraded the probabilities of synergistic destructiveness multiply. Ecosystems in many regions are threatened, despite their biological richness and their promise of material benefits. dégradation de l'écosystème - Ökosystemabbau - achteruitgang van het ecosysteem degrado degli ecosistemi + achteruitgang van het ecosysteem + Ökosystemabbau + + + @@ -20308,9 +35648,10 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.ecosystem research Study of the ways in which plants, animals, and microbes interact with each other and with their physical environment and of the processes involving the circulation, transformation and accumulation of both matter, especially nutrient materials, and energy. recherche sur les écosystèmes - Ökosystemforschung - onderzoek aan het ecosysteem ricerca sugli ecosistemi + onderzoek aan het ecosysteem + Ökosystemforschung + @@ -20319,9 +35660,11 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.ecosystem type Ecosystems can be classified according to various criteria: from the point of view of energy source, two major types of ecosystems can be distinguished. Autotrophic ecosystems have primary producers as a principal component and sunlight has the major initial energy source; etherotrophic ecosystems depend upon preformed organic matter that is imported from autotrophic ecosystems elsewhere. Ecosystems can also be classified in terrestrial, marine and freshwater. type d'écosystème - Ökosystemtyp - soort ecosysteem tipo di ecosistema + soort ecosysteem + Ökosystemtyp + + @@ -20334,9 +35677,10 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.ecotourism Excursions to relatively untouched lands, which for the tourist promise the chance to observe unusual wildlife and indigenous inhabitants. The travel industry, in an attempt to market adventure and authenticity to those travellers weary of "civilisation" promote travel to environments free of modern technology. Ecotourism's inherent contradiction is the promotion of untouched lands, which immediately become touched by the hands of tourism. écotourisme - Ökotourismus - ecotoerisme ecoturismo + ecotoerisme + Ökotourismus + @@ -20344,45 +35688,58 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.ecotoxicity Quality of some substances or preparations which present or may present immediate or delayed risks for one or more sectors of the environment. écotoxicité - Ökotoxizität - milieugiftige eigenschappen ecotossicità + milieugiftige eigenschappen + Ökotoxizität + + + ecotoxicological evaluation Evaluation of the adverse effects of chemicals, physical agents, and natural products on population and communities and plants, animals and human beings. évaluation écotoxicologique - Ökotoxikologische Bewertung - ecotoxicologische evaluatie valutazione ecotossicologica + ecotoxicologische evaluatie + Ökotoxikologische Bewertung + + + + aircraft Any structure, machine, or contrivance, especially a vehicle, designed to be supported by the air, either by the dynamic action of the air upon the surfaces of the structure or object or by its own buoyancy. appareil volant - Luftfahrzeug - vliegtuig velivolo + vliegtuig + Luftfahrzeug + + + ecotoxicology The science dealing with the adverse effects of chemical, physical agents, and natural products on populations and communities of plants, animals and human beings. écotoxicologie - Ökotoxikologie - ecotoxicologie ecotossicologia + ecotoxicologie + Ökotoxikologie + ecotype Species that has special characteristics which allow it to live in a certain habitat. écotype - Ökotyp - ecotype ecotipo + ecotype + Ökotyp + + @@ -20390,9 +35747,10 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. EC policy politique communautaire - EU-Politik - EG-beleid politica della UE + EG-beleid + EU-Politik + @@ -20403,9 +35761,10 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. EC regulation règlement de la CE - EU-Verordnung - EG-verordening disposizioni della CE + EG-verordening + EU-Verordnung + @@ -20416,18 +35775,23 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. EC regulation on eco-management and audit règlement (CEE) en matière de management environnemental et d'audit - EU-Umweltaudit-Verordnung - EG-verordening betreffende milieubeheer en disposizioni comunitarie sul controllo e la gestione ambientali + EG-verordening betreffende milieubeheer en + EU-Umweltaudit-Verordnung + + + EC regulation on existing chemicals Regulation designed to identify and control of risks deriving from existing chemicals. According to this program the main goal is the collection of basic information about existing chemicals including their uses and characteristics, environmental fate and pathways, toxicity and ecotoxicity. règlement (CEE) en matière de substances chimiques existantes - EU-Altstoffverordnung - EG-verordening inzake bestaande chemicaliën disposizioni comunitarie sui prodotti chimici esistenti + EG-verordening inzake bestaande chemicaliën + EU-Altstoffverordnung + + @@ -20435,27 +35799,33 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.edaphology The study of the relationships between soil and organisms, including the use made of land by mankind. édaphologie - Edaphologie - bodemkunde edafologia + bodemkunde + Edaphologie + + + edible fat An oil that can be eaten as a food or food accessory. graisse alimentaire - Speisefett - eetbare vetten grasso alimentare + eetbare vetten + Speisefett + + education The act or process of imparting or acquiring knowledge or skills. éducation - Bildung - onderwijs educazione + onderwijs + Bildung + @@ -20467,54 +35837,63 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.aircraft engine emission The formation and discharge of gaseous and particulate pollutants into the environment, especially the stratosphere, chiefly from airplanes, helicopters and other high-altitude aircrafts. émissions des moteurs d'avions - Flugzeugemission - emissie door vliegtuigmotoren emissioni dei motori aerei + emissie door vliegtuigmotoren + Flugzeugemission + + + educational institution An organization or establishment devoted to the act or process of imparting or acquiring knowledge or skills. établissement d'enseignement - Bildungsanstalt - onderwijsinstelling istituzione educativa + onderwijsinstelling + Bildungsanstalt + educational planning The process of making arrangements or preparations to facilitate the training, instruction or study that leads to the acquisition of skills or knowledge, or the development of reasoning and judgment. planification de l'enseignement - Bildungsplanung - onderwijsplanning pianificazione dell'educazione + onderwijsplanning + Bildungsplanung + education policy A course of action adopted and pursued by government or some other organization, which promotes or determines the goals, methods and programs to be used for training, instruction or study that leads to the acquisition of skills or knowledge, or the development of reasoning and judgment. politique en matière d'éducation - Bildungspolitik - onderwijsbeleid politica dell'istruzione + onderwijsbeleid + Bildungspolitik + educational system Any formulated, regular or special organization of instruction, training or knowledge disclosure, especially the institutional structures supporting that endeavor. système éducatif - Bildungswesen - onderwijssysteem sistema educativo + onderwijssysteem + Bildungswesen + aircraft noise Effective sound output of the various sources of noise associated with aircraft operation, such as propeller and engine exhaust, jet noise, and sonic boom. bruit d'aéronefs - Fluglärm - geluid van vliegtuigen rumore di aerei + geluid van vliegtuigen + Fluglärm + + @@ -20522,9 +35901,10 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.effect Effects include: a) direct effects, which are caused by the action and occur at the same time and place, b) indirect effects, which are caused by the action and are later in time or farther removed in distance, that are still reasonably foreseeable. effet - Wirkung - effecten effetti + effecten + Wirkung + @@ -20544,9 +35924,10 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. effect on health effet sur la santé - Wirkung auf die Gesundheit - het effect op de gezondheid effetti sulla salute + het effect op de gezondheid + Wirkung auf die Gesundheit + @@ -20560,9 +35941,10 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. effect on man effet sur l'homme - Wirkung auf den Menschen - het effect op de mens effetto sull'uomo + het effect op de mens + Wirkung auf den Menschen + @@ -20570,9 +35952,10 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.effect on the environment Resultant of natural or manmade perturbations of the physical, chemical or biological components making up the environment. effet sur l'environnement - Wirkung auf die Umwelt - het effect op het milieu effetto sull'ambiente + het effect op het milieu + Wirkung auf die Umwelt + @@ -20585,36 +35968,42 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.research of the effects Investigation carried out to assess the results deriving from an action or condition; general term applying to many different fields. recherche des effets - Wirkungsforschung - onderzoek naar de effecten ricerca degli effetti + onderzoek naar de effecten + Wirkungsforschung + efficiency criterion Parameter or rule for assessing the competency in performance of production relative to the input of resources. critère d'efficacité - Effizienzkriterium - efficiëntiecriterium criterio di efficienza + efficiëntiecriterium + Effizienzkriterium + efficiency level The ratio of output to input, usually given as a percentage. niveau d'efficacité - Wirkungsgrad - efficiëntieniveau livello di efficacia + efficiëntieniveau + Wirkungsgrad + + effluent The waste liquid from domestic sewage, industrial sites or from agricultural processes. Effluents are harmful when they enter the environment, especially in freshwater, because of their polluting chemical composition. effluent - Ausfluß - effluent effluente + effluent + Ausfluß + + @@ -20624,18 +36013,20 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.egg A large, female sex cell enclosed in a porous, calcareous or leathery shell, produced by birds and reptiles. oeuf - Ei - ei uovo + ei + Ei + EIA directive Council Directive of 27 June 1985 on the assessment of the effects of certain public and private projects on the environment (85/337/EEC). The Directive applies to projects which are likely to have significant effects on the environment by virtue of their nature, size or location. directive relative à l'EIE (Evaluation de l'impact sur l'environnement) - UVP-Richtlinie - MER-richtlijn direttiva sulla VIA + MER-richtlijn + UVP-Richtlinie + @@ -20643,9 +36034,10 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.EIA law Law concerning the assessment of the effects of certain public and private projects on the environment, based on the EC Directive n. 85/337. loi sur l'EIE (Evaluation de l'impact sur l'environnement) - UVP-Gesetz - MER-wet legge sulla VIA + MER-wet + UVP-Gesetz + @@ -20653,54 +36045,66 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.EIA (local) The identification, evaluation and appraisal of the ecological consequences of a proposed project or development in a city, town or region, and the measures needed to minimize adverse effects. EIE (Evaluation de l'impact sur l'environnement) - UVP (kommunal) - MER (lokaal) VIA (locale) + MER (lokaal) + UVP (kommunal) + + elasticity Ability of a material to return to original dimensions after deformation. élasticité - Elastizität - elasticiteit elasticità + elasticiteit + Elastizität + elderly person Someone who has reached the later stage of life or who has attained a specified age within that stage. personne agée - Seneszente - bejaarde persona anziana + bejaarde + Seneszente + + electrical engineering Engineering that deals with practical applications of electricity; generally restricted to applications involving current flow through conductors, as in motors and generators. génie électrique - Elektrotechnik - elektrotechniek ingegneria elettrotecnica + elektrotechniek + Elektrotechnik + + + electrical industry Industry for the production of electric energy. industrie électrique - Elektroindustrie - elektrotechnische industrie industria elettrica + elektrotechnische industrie + Elektroindustrie + + + electrical storage device dispositif de stockage électrique - Elektrospeicher - elektrische batterij dispositivo per l'immagazzinamento dell'energia elettrica + elektrische batterij + Elektrospeicher + @@ -20710,9 +36114,10 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.electricity A general term used for all phenomena caused by electric charge whether static or in motion. électricité - Elektrizität - elektriciteit elettricità + elektriciteit + Elektrizität + @@ -20720,18 +36125,21 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.electricity company Company which is responsible for the supply and distribution of electric energy to a given area. compagnie d'électricité - Elektrizitätsgesellschaft - elektriciteitsbedrijf ente per l'energia elettrica + elektriciteitsbedrijf + Elektrizitätsgesellschaft + + electricity consumption Amount of electricity consumed by an apparatus. consommation d'électricité - Elektrizitätsverbrauch - elektriciteitsverbruik consumo di elettricità + elektriciteitsverbruik + Elektrizitätsverbrauch + @@ -20739,36 +36147,43 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.electricity generation The act or process of transforming other forms of energy into electric energy. production d'énergie électrique - Elektrizitätserzeugung - elektriciteitsopwekking produzione di elettricità + elektriciteitsopwekking + Elektrizitätserzeugung + electricity generation cost The value or amount of money exchanged for the production and sustained supply of charged ion current used as a power source. coût de la production électrique - Elektrizitätserzeugungskosten - de kosten van het opwekken van elektriciteit costi della produzione di energia elettrica + de kosten van het opwekken van elektriciteit + Elektrizitätserzeugungskosten + + electricity supply industry Industry for the supply and distribution of electric power. gestion de l'électricité - Elektrizitätswirtschaft - elektriciteitsbeheer industria per la fornitura di elettricità + elektriciteitsbeheer + Elektrizitätswirtschaft + electric line Wires conducting electric power from one location to another; also known as electric power line. ligne électrique - Elektrische Leitung - elektrische leiding linea elettrica + elektrische leiding + Elektrische Leitung + + + @@ -20778,9 +36193,10 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.electric power The rate at which electric energy is converted to other forms of energy, equal to the product of the current and the voltage drop. énergie électrique - Elektrizität - elektrische stroom energia elettrica + elektrische stroom + Elektrizität + @@ -20788,9 +36204,12 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.electric power plant A stationary plant containing apparatus for large-scale conversion of some form of energy (such as hydraulic, steam, chemical, or nuclear energy) into electrical energy. centrale électrique - Elektrizitätswerk - elektriciteitscentrale impianto di produzione di energia elettrica + elektriciteitscentrale + Elektrizitätswerk + + + @@ -20806,36 +36225,46 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. electric power supply approvisionnement en électricité - Elektrizitätsversorgung - elektriciteitsvoorziening fornitura di energia elettrica + elektriciteitsvoorziening + Elektrizitätsversorgung + + electric vehicle Vehicle driven by an electric motor and characterized by being silent and less polluting. véhicule électrique - Elektrofahrzeug - elektrovoertuig veicolo elettrico + elektrovoertuig + Elektrofahrzeug + electrokinetics The study of the motion of electric charges, especially of steady currents in electric circuits, and of the motion of electrified particles in electric or magnetic fields. effets électrocinétiques - Elektrokinetik - elektrokinetica elettrocinetica + elektrokinetica + Elektrokinetik + + + electrolysis The production of a chemical reaction by passing an electric current through an electrolyte. In electrolysis, positive ions migrate to the cathode and negative ions to the anode. électrolyse - Elektrolyse - elektrolyse elettrolisi + elektrolyse + Elektrolyse + + + + @@ -20843,17 +36272,22 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.air movement Air movements within the Earth's atmospheric circulation; also called planetary winds. Two main components are recognized: first, the latitudinal meridional component due to the Coriolis force (a deflecting motion or force discussed by G.G. de Coriolis in 1835. The rotation of the Earth causes a body moving across its surface to be deflected to the right in the N hemisphere and to the left in the S hemisphere); and secondly, the longitudinal component and the vertical movement, resulting largely from varying pressure distributions due to differential heating and cooling of the Earth's surface. mouvement planétaire des masses d'air - Luftbewegung - luchtbeweging movimento dell'aria + luchtbeweging + Luftbewegung + + + electronic material matériel électronique - Elektronisches Material - elektronisch materiaal materiale elettronico + elektronisch materiaal + Elektronisches Material + + @@ -20861,9 +36295,10 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.electronics Study, control, and application of the conduction of electricity through gases or vacuum or through semiconducting or conducting materials. électronique - Elektronik - elektronica elettronica + elektronica + Elektronik + @@ -20871,9 +36306,12 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.electronic scrap Any material from electronic devices and systems, generated as a waste stream in a processing operation or discarded after service. ferraille électronique - Elektronikschrott - elektronisch afval scarto elettronico + elektronisch afval + Elektronikschrott + + + @@ -20881,18 +36319,23 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.electronic scrap regulation Government or management prescribed rule for the disposal and recycling of electric parts, circuits and systems, especially computer devices. réglementation sur la ferraille électronique - Elektronik-Schrott-Verordnung - verordening met betrekking tot elektronisch afval disposizione sul materiale elettronico di scarto + verordening met betrekking tot elektronisch afval + Elektronik-Schrott-Verordnung + + electrosmog Pollution caused by electric and magnetic fields generated by power lines, electrical equipment, mobile and cordless phones, radar, electrical household appliances, microwave ovens, radios, computers, electric clocks, etc. pollution électromagnétique - Elektrosmog - elektrosmog elettrosmog + elektrosmog + Elektrosmog + + + @@ -20900,9 +36343,10 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.air pollutant Any pollutant agent or combination of such agents, including any physical, chemical, biological, radioactive substance or matter which is emitted into or otherwise enters the ambient air and can, in high enough concentrations, harm humans, animals, vegetation or material. polluant atmosphérique - Luftschadstoff - luchtverontreiniger inquinante atmosferico + luchtverontreiniger + Luftschadstoff + @@ -20923,9 +36367,11 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.electrotechnical equipment All the equipment connected with the technological use of electric power. équipement électrotechnique - Elektrotechnische Ausrüstung - elektrotechnische apparatuur apparecchiatura elettrotecnica + elektrotechnische apparatuur + Elektrotechnische Ausrüstung + + @@ -20935,18 +36381,22 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.electrotechnical industry A sector of the economy in which an aggregate of commercial enterprises is engaged in the design, manufacture and marketing of machinery, apparatus and supplies for the generation, storage and utilization of electrical energy, such as household appliances, radio and television receiving equipment, and lighting and wiring equipment. industrie électrotechnique - Elektrotechnische Industrie - elektrotechnische industrie industria elettrotecnica + elektrotechnische industrie + Elektrotechnische Industrie + + + element of group 0 A group of monatomic gaseous elements forming group 18 (formerly group 0) of the periodic table: helium (He), neon (Ne), argon (Ar), krypton (Kr), xenon (Xe), and radon (Rn). élements du groupe 0 - Elemente der Gruppe 0 - elementen uit groep 0 elementi del gruppo 0 + elementen uit groep 0 + Elemente der Gruppe 0 + @@ -20954,9 +36404,10 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.element of group I (alkaline) Any of the monovalent metals lithium, sodium, potassium, rubidium, caesium, and francium, belonging to group 1A of the periodic table. They are all very reactive and electropositive. éléments du groupe I (alcalins) - Elemente der Gruppe I (Alkalimetalle) - elementen uit groep I (alkalimetalen) elementi del gruppo I (alcalini) + elementen uit groep I (alkalimetalen) + Elemente der Gruppe I (Alkalimetalle) + @@ -20965,9 +36416,10 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.element of group II (alkaline earth metals) Any of the divalent electropositive metals beryllium, magnesium, calcium, strontium, barium, and radium, belonging to group 2A of the periodic table. éléments du groupe II (métaux alcalino-terreux) - Elemente der Gruppe II (Erdalkalimetalle) - elementen uit groep II (aardalkalimetalen) elementi del gruppo II (alcalino-terrosi) + elementen uit groep II (aardalkalimetalen) + Elemente der Gruppe II (Erdalkalimetalle) + @@ -20978,9 +36430,10 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.element of group III Group III consists of two subgroups: group IIIb and group IIIa. Group IIIa consists of scandium, yttrium, and lanthanium, which is generally considered with the lanthanoids, and actinium, which is classified with the actinoids. Group IIIb, the main group, comprises boron, aluminium, gallium, indium, and thallium. éléments du groupe III - Elemente der Gruppe III - elementen uit groep III elementi del gruppo III + elementen uit groep III + Elemente der Gruppe III + @@ -20991,9 +36444,10 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.element of group IV Group IV consists of two subgroups: group IVb, main group, and group IVa. Group IVa consists of titanium, zirconium, and hafnium which are generally classified as transition metals. The main group consists of carbonium, silicium, germanium, tin, and lead. The main valency of the elements is IV, and the members of the group show a variation from nonmetallic to metallic behaviour in moving down the group. The reactivity of the elements increases down the group from carbon to lead. All react with oxygen on heating. éléments du groupe IV - Elemente der Gruppe IV - elementen uit groep IV elementi del gruppo IV + elementen uit groep IV + Elemente der Gruppe IV + @@ -21004,9 +36458,10 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.element of group V Group V consists of two subgroups: group Vb, the main group, and group Va. Group Va consists of vanadium, niobium, and tantalum, which are generally considered with the transition elements. The main group consists of nitrogen, phosphorus, arsenic, antimony, and bismuth. éléments du groupe V - Elemente der Gruppe V - elementen uit groep V elementi del gruppo V + elementen uit groep V + Elemente der Gruppe V + @@ -21016,9 +36471,10 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.element of group VI Group VI consists of two subgroups: group VIb, the main group, and group VIa. Group VIa consists of chromium, molybdenum, and tungsten. The main group consists of oxygen, sulphur, selenium, tellurium, and polonium. éléments du groupe VI - Elemente der Gruppe VI - elementen uit groep VI elementi del gruppo VI + elementen uit groep VI + Elemente der Gruppe VI + @@ -21028,9 +36484,10 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.element of group VII Any of the elements of the halogen family, consisting of fluorine, chlorine, bromine, iodine, and astatine. éléments du groupe VII - Elemente der Gruppe VII - elementen uit groep VII elementi del gruppo VII + elementen uit groep VII + Elemente der Gruppe VII + @@ -21041,9 +36498,10 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.chemical element A substance made up of atoms with the same atomic number; common examples are hydrogen, gold, and iron. élément chimique - Chemisches Element - chemische elementen (en hun verbindingen) elementi chimici + chemische elementen (en hun verbindingen) + Chemisches Element + @@ -21058,9 +36516,11 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.air pollution Presence in the atmosphere of large quantities of gases, solids and radiation produced by the burning of natural and artificial fuels, chemical and other industrial processes and nuclear explosions. pollution de l'air - Luftverunreinigung - luchtverontreiniging inquinamento dell'aria + luchtverontreiniging + Luftverunreinigung + + @@ -21072,9 +36532,10 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.emancipation The state of being free from social or political restraint or from the inhibition of moral or social conventions. émancipation - Emanzipation - emancipatie emancipazione + emancipatie + Emanzipation + @@ -21083,18 +36544,20 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.embryo An early stage of development in multicellular organisms. embryon - Embryo - embryo embrione + embryo + Embryo + embryogenesis The formation and development of an embryo from an egg. embryogénèse - Embryonalentwicklung - embryogenese embriogenesi + embryogenese + Embryonalentwicklung + @@ -21104,9 +36567,10 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. emergency law Loi sur l'état d'urgence - Notstandsrecht - noodwet legislazione di emergenza + noodwet + Notstandsrecht + @@ -21114,9 +36578,10 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.emergency plan Program of procedures to be undertaken in the event of a sudden, urgent and usually unexpected occurrence requiring immediate action, especially an incident of potential harm to human life, property or the environment. plan d'urgence - Nofallplan - noodplan piano di emergenza + noodplan + Nofallplan + @@ -21125,36 +36590,41 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.emergency relief Money, food or other assistance provided for those surviving a sudden and usually unexpected occurrence requiring immediate action, especially an incident of potential harm to human life, property or the environment. secours d'urgence - Nothilfe - noodhulp soccorso di emergenza + noodhulp + Nothilfe + emergency relief measure mesure de secours d'urgence - Erste-Hilfe-Maßnahmen - noodhulpmaatregel misura di soccorso di emergenza + noodhulpmaatregel + Erste-Hilfe-Maßnahmen + emergency shelter Shelter given to persons who are deprived of the essential needs of life following a disaster. abri d'urgence - Notunterkunft - noodonderkomen ricovero di emergenza + noodonderkomen + Notunterkunft + + emission The release of greenhouse gases or air pollutants and/or their precursors into the atmosphere over a specified area and period of time émission - Emission - emissies emissioni + emissies + Emission + @@ -21196,9 +36666,15 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.emission control Procedures aiming at reducing or preventing the harm caused by atmospheric emissions. contrôle des émissions - Emissionsüberwachung - emissiebeheer controllo delle emissioni + emissiebeheer + Emissionsüberwachung + + + + + + @@ -21216,9 +36692,13 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.emission data Data concerning pollutants released into the environment from a permanent or mobile installation or from products. donnée sur les émissions - Emissionsdaten - emissiegegevens dati sulle emissioni + emissiegegevens + Emissionsdaten + + + + @@ -21228,9 +36708,10 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.emission factor The relationship between the amount of pollutants produced to the amount of raw materials processed, or fuel consumed, in any polluting process. facteur d'émission - Emissionsfaktor - emissiefactor fattore di emissione + emissiefactor + Emissionsfaktor + @@ -21241,9 +36722,14 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.emission forecast The final step in a clean air plan is to predict future air quality to demonstrate that we can (if we can) meet the health standards by implementing the measures proposed in the plan. This is done by first projecting the emission inventory into the future, taking into account changes in population, housing, employment in specific business sectors, and vehicle miles traveled. These data are obtained from various sources and the resulting emissions are adjusted to account for regulations and control measures scheduled for implementation during the same time period. Additional adjustments are made to reflect large facilities that are expected to start up, modify, or shut down. The resulting inventory is an emission forecast, and is usually expressed in tons per day of particular pollutants for a given year. Additional steps may be required to determine how the forecasted quantities of air pollution will affect the overall air quality. One way to accomplish this is through computer modeling. A computer model simulates how pollutants disperse, react, and move in the air. The inputs to such a computer model are complex. They include weather patterns, terrain, and the chemical nature of air pollutants. prévision d'émission - Emissionsprognose - emissievoorspelling previsione delle emissioni + emissievoorspelling + Emissionsprognose + + + + + @@ -21255,9 +36741,11 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.airport A landing and taking-off area for civil aircraft, usually with surfaced runways and aircraft maintenance and passenger facilities. aéroport - Flughafen - vliegveld aeroporto + vliegveld + Flughafen + + @@ -21265,9 +36753,15 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.emission reduction The act or process of limiting or restricting the discharge of pollutants or contaminants, such as by setting emission limits or by modifying the emission source. réduction d'émission - Emissionsminderung - emissiereductie riduzione delle emissioni + emissiereductie + Emissionsminderung + + + + + + @@ -21283,18 +36777,24 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.emission reduction banking A system for recording qualified air emission reductions for later use in bubble, offset, or netting transactions. Plant complexes that reduce emissions substantially may "bank" their "credits" or sell them to other industries. mise en réserve de crédits pour la réduction des émissions - Emission Reduction Banking - verhandeling van emissiereducties accredito sulla riduzione di emissioni + verhandeling van emissiereducties + Emission Reduction Banking + + + emission register A listing, by source, of the amounts of air pollutants discharged in the atmosphere of a community daily. registre des émissions - Emissionskataster - emissieregister registro delle emissioni + emissieregister + Emissionskataster + + + @@ -21304,27 +36804,34 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. emission situation état des émissions - Emissionssituation - emissietoestand situazione delle emissioni + emissietoestand + Emissionssituation + emission source A chemical process, building, furnace, plant or other entity responsible for the discharge of pollutants or contaminants into the environment. source d'émission - Emittent - emissiebron sorgente di emissioni + emissiebron + Emittent + + + emission standard The maximum amount of discharge legally allowed from a single source, mobile or stationary. norme de rejet - Emissionsnorm - emissienorm norme sulle emissioni + emissienorm + Emissionsnorm + + + @@ -21336,9 +36843,11 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.emission to water The discharge of solid, liquid or gaseous pollutants or contaminants into a body of water. rejet dans l'eau - Einleitung ins Wasser - afscheiding in water emissioni nell'acqua + afscheiding in water + Einleitung ins Wasser + + @@ -21346,9 +36855,11 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.employment The work or occupation in which a person is employed. emploi - Beschäftigung - werkgelegenheid impiego + werkgelegenheid + Beschäftigung + + @@ -21362,27 +36873,33 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.employment and environment Issues or initiatives pertaining to the inter-relationship between ecological concerns and the economics of employment, including sustained, environmentally safe development; the effect of environmental activism on jobs; and the creation of environmental occupations. environnement et emploi - Arbeit und Umwelt - werkgelegenheid en milieu occupazione e ambiente + werkgelegenheid en milieu + Arbeit und Umwelt + + employment level effect The result or impact of a specific policy, action or event upon the number of working-age persons holding jobs in a specific region, nation or sector of the economy. effet sur le niveau de l'emploi - Beschäftigungseffekt - werkgelegenheidseffect effetto del livello di occupazione + werkgelegenheidseffect + Beschäftigungseffekt + + emulsification The process of dispersing one liquid in a second immiscible liquid. émulsification - Emulgierung - emulgatie emulsificazione + emulgatie + Emulgierung + + @@ -21390,36 +36907,44 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.emulsion A stable dispersion of one liquid in a second immiscible liquid, such as milk (oil dispersed in water). émulsion - Emulsion - emulsie emulsione + emulsie + Emulsion + + encapsulation The enclosure of any polluting product with a material that prevents its release in the environment. encapsulation - Kapselung - inkapseling incapsulamento + inkapseling + Kapselung + + encyclopaedia A comprehensive, often multivolume, reference work containing articles on a wide rage of subjects or on various aspects of a particular field, usually, alphabetically arranged. encyclopédie - Enzyklopädie - encyclopedie enciclopedia + encyclopedie + Enzyklopädie + + endangered animal species Animals, birds, fish or other living organisms threatened with extinction by natural or human-induced changes in their environment. espèce animale menacée - Gefährdete Tierart - bedreigde diersoorten specie animale in pericolo + bedreigde diersoorten + Gefährdete Tierart + + @@ -21427,9 +36952,11 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.air quality The degree to which air is polluted; the type and maximum concentration of man-produced pollutants that should be permitted in the atmosphere. qualité de l'air - Luftgüte - luchtkwaliteit qualità dell'aria + luchtkwaliteit + Luftgüte + + @@ -21441,9 +36968,11 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.endangered plant species The plants threatened with extinction by human or natural changes in the environment. espèce végétale menacée - Gefährdete Pflanzenart - bedreigde plantensoorten specie vegetale in pericolo + bedreigde plantensoorten + Gefährdete Pflanzenart + + @@ -21451,9 +36980,11 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.endangered species (IUCN) One of the three degrees of "rarity" drawn up by the International Union for the Conservation of Natural Resources. All plants and animals in these categories need special protection. Endangered species are those species in danger of extinction unless steps are taken to change the cause of threat and decline. espèce menacée - Gefährdete Arten - bedreigde soorten specie in pericolo (IUCN) + bedreigde soorten + Gefährdete Arten + + @@ -21462,45 +36993,56 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.groundwater endangering Threat to the quality and quantity of groundwater by activities related to the use of land. As some activities (e.g. landfill) present a particular risk of pollution, the closer an activity is to a well or borehole, the greater the risk of the pumped water being polluted. The type of soil, the geology, the rainfall and the amount of water pumped out of the ground must all be taken into consideration. risque pour les eaux souterraines - Grundwassergefährdung - het in gevaar brengen van het grondwater potenziale inquinamento della falda acquifera + het in gevaar brengen van het grondwater + Grundwassergefährdung + + + endocrine system The chemical coordinating system in animals, that is, the endocrine glands that produce hormones. système endocrinien - Endokrines System - endocrien systeem sistema endocrino + endocrien systeem + Endokrines System + + endocrinology The study of the endocrine glands and the hormones that they synthesize and secrete. endocrinologie - Endokrinologie - hormonenleer endocrinologia + hormonenleer + Endokrinologie + + end-of-pipe technology An approach to pollution control which concentrates upon effluent treatment or filtration prior to discharge into the environment, as opposed to making changes in the process giving rise to the wastes. technologie "end-of-pipe" - End-of-Pipe Technik - end-of-pipe technologie tecnologia a valle + end-of-pipe technologie + End-of-Pipe Technik + + energy The capacity to do work; involving thermal energy (heat), radiant energy (light), kinetic energy (motion) or chemical energy; measured in joules. énergie - Energie - energie energia + energie + Energie + + @@ -21514,9 +37056,10 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.energy balance The energetic state of a system at any given time. bilan énergetique - Energiebilanz - energiebalans bilancio energetico + energiebalans + Energiebilanz + @@ -21524,18 +37067,21 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.energy conservation The strategy for reducing energy requirements per unit of industrial output or individual well-being without affecting the progress of socio-economic development or causing disruption in life style. In temperate developed countries most energy is used in heating and lighting industrial and domestic buildings. Industrial processes, transport and agriculture are the other main users. During the 1970s it was demonstrated that substantial savings could be achieved through appropriate building technologies and the use of energy-efficient equipment for heating, air-conditioning and lighting. Most goods could and should be both manufactured and made to work more efficiently. économie d'énergie - Energieeinsparung - energiebehoud conservazione dell'energia + energiebehoud + Energieeinsparung + + energy consumption Amount of energy consumed by a person or an apparatus shown as a unit. consommation d'énergie - Energieverbrauch - energieverbruik consumo di energia + energieverbruik + Energieverbrauch + @@ -21544,17 +37090,23 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.energy conversion The process of changing energy from one form to another. conversion de l'énergie - Energieumwandlung - energieomzetting conversione di energia + energieomzetting + Energieumwandlung + + energy demand besoin en énergie - Energiebedarf - energiebehoefte fabbisogno energetico + energiebehoefte + Energiebedarf + + + + @@ -21563,9 +37115,11 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.air quality control The measurement of ambient air-pollution concentrations in order to determine whether there is a problem in a given region. contrôle de la qualité de l'air - Luftgüteüberwachung - luchtkwaliteitscontrole controllo della qualità dell'aria + luchtkwaliteitscontrole + Luftgüteüberwachung + + @@ -21574,18 +37128,23 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.energy dissipation Any loss of energy, generally by conversion into heat. dissipation d'énergie - Energievernichtung - energieverspilling dissipazione di energia + energieverspilling + Energievernichtung + energy distribution system Any publicly or privately organized setup in which usable power such as electricity is delivered to homes and businesses. système de distribution énergétique - Energieverteilungssystem - systeem voor de verdeling van energie sistema di distribuzione di energia + systeem voor de verdeling van energie + Energieverteilungssystem + + + + @@ -21594,27 +37153,33 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.energy economics The production, distribution, and consumption of usable power such as fossil fuel, electricity, or solar radiation. économie de l'énergie - Energiewirtschaft - spaarzaam energieverbruik economia energetica + spaarzaam energieverbruik + Energiewirtschaft + + energy efficiency Refers to actions to save fuels by better building design, the modification of production processes, better selection of road vehicles and transport policies, the adoption of district heating schemes in conjunction with electrical power generation, and the use of domestic insulation and double glazing in homes. efficacité énergétique - Energieausnutzung - energierendement rendimento energetico + energierendement + Energieausnutzung + + energy legislation législation en matière d'énergie - Energierecht - energiewetgeving legislazione sull'energia + energiewetgeving + Energierecht + + @@ -21622,9 +37187,10 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.energy management The administration or handling of power derived from sources such as fossil fuel, electricity and solar radiation. gestion de l'énergie - Energiewirtschaft - energiebeheer gestione energetica + energiebeheer + Energiewirtschaft + @@ -21636,18 +37202,22 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.energy market The trade or traffic of energy sources treated as a commodity (such as fossil fuel, electricity, or solar radiation). marché de l'énergie - Energiemarkt - energiemarkt mercato dell'energia + energiemarkt + Energiemarkt + + energy policy A statement of a country's intentions in the energy sector. politique énergétique - Energiepolitik - energiebeleid politica energetica + energiebeleid + Energiepolitik + + @@ -21656,9 +37226,11 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.energy process Any natural phenomenon or series of actions by which energy is converted or made more usable. processus énergétique - Energieverfahren - energieprocessen processi energetici + energieprocessen + Energieverfahren + + @@ -21666,9 +37238,11 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.energy production Generation of energy in a coal fired power station, in an oil fired power station, in a nuclear power station, etc. production d'énergie - Energiegewinnung - energie-opwekking produzione di energia + energie-opwekking + Energiegewinnung + + @@ -21687,18 +37261,21 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.energy recovery A form of resource recovery in which the organic fraction of waste is converted to some form of usable energy. Recovery may be achieved through the combustion of processed or raw refuse to produce steam through the pyrolysis of refuse to produce oil or gas; and through the anaerobic digestion of organic wastes to produce methane gas. valorisation énergétique - Energierueckgewinnung - energie-herwinning ricupero di energia + energie-herwinning + Energierueckgewinnung + energy resource Potential supplies of energy which have not yet been used (such as coal lying in the ground, solar heat, wind power, geothermal power, etc.). ressource énergétique - Energieressourcen - energiebronnen risorse energetiche + energiebronnen + Energieressourcen + + @@ -21707,9 +37284,11 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.air quality management Regulate and plan and work toward the accomplishment of completion of stated goals, objectives and mission pertaining to air quality. gestion de la qualité de l'air - Luftreinhaltung - luchtkwaliteitsbeheer gestione della qualità dell'aria + luchtkwaliteitsbeheer + Luftreinhaltung + + @@ -21719,18 +37298,21 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.energy saving Avoiding wasting energy. économie d'énergie - Energieeinsparung - energiebesparing risparmio di energia + energiebesparing + Energieeinsparung + energy source Potential supplies of energy including fossil and nuclear fuels as well as solar, water, wind, tidal and geothermal power. source d'énergie - Energiequelle - energiebron fonte di energia + energiebron + Energiequelle + + @@ -21744,9 +37326,11 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.energy source material Sources from which energy can be obtained to provide heat, light, and power. Energy resources, including fossil and nuclear fuels as well as solar, water, tidal and geothermal energy, may be captured or recovered and converted into other energy forms for a variety of household, commercial, transportation, and industrial applications. matières brutes énergétiques - Energieträger - energiebronmateriaal sorgente di energia + energiebronmateriaal + Energieträger + + @@ -21754,9 +37338,11 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.energy storage Amount of energy reserves; often refers to the stocks of non-renewable fuel, such as oil, which a nation, for example, possesses. stockage d'énergie - Energiespeicherung - energie-opslag accumulo di energia + energie-opslag + Energiespeicherung + + @@ -21766,9 +37352,11 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.energy supply The provision and storage of energy (the capacity to do work or produce a change), or the amount of energy stored, for the use of a municipality, or other energy user. approvisionnement en énergie - Energieversorgung - energievoorziening fornitura di energia + energievoorziening + Energieversorgung + + @@ -21777,9 +37365,11 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. energy technology technologie énergétique - Energietechnik - energietechnologie tecnologia energetica + energietechnologie + Energietechnik + + @@ -21788,9 +37378,10 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.energy type According to the source, energy can be classified as hydroenergy, solar energy, tidal energy, wind energy, waves energy, geothermal energy, etc.. According to the type of fuel used for its production, energy can be classified as nuclear energy, coal derived energy, petroleum derived energy, biomass derived energy, etc. type d'énergie - Energieart - soort energie tipo di energia + soort energie + Energieart + @@ -21801,9 +37392,10 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. energy utilisation utilisation de l'énergie - Energienutzung - energiegebruik uso di energia + energiegebruik + Energienutzung + @@ -21822,18 +37414,21 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. energy utilisation pattern mode d'utilisation de l'énergie - Energienutzungsschema - energiegebruikspatroon modello di utilizzo dell'energia + energiegebruikspatroon + Energienutzungsschema + + enforcement The execution, carrying out or putting into effect an order, regulation, law or official decree. application - Inkraftsetzen - handhaving attuazione + handhaving + Inkraftsetzen + @@ -21841,9 +37436,12 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.engine A machine in which power is applied to do work by the conversion of various forms of energy into mechanical force and motion. moteur - Motor - motor motore + motor + Motor + + + @@ -21852,44 +37450,54 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. enlargement policy politique d'élargissement - Extensivierungspolitik - uitbreidingsbeleid politica di espansione + uitbreidingsbeleid + Extensivierungspolitik + enlargement programme programme d'élargissement - Extensivierungsprogramm - uitbreidingsprogramma programma di estensione + uitbreidingsprogramma + Extensivierungsprogramm + + enriched uranium Uranium whose concentration of uranium-235, which is able to sustain a nuclear chain reaction, is increased by removing uranium-238. uranium enrichi - Angereichertes Uran - verrijkt uranium uranio arricchito + verrijkt uranium + Angereichertes Uran + + + enrichment The process of increasing the abundance of a specified isotope in a mixture of isotopes. It is usually applied to an increase in the proportion of U-235, or the addition of Pu-239 to natural uranium for use in a nuclear reactor or weapon. enrichissement - Anreicherung - verrijken arricchimento + verrijken + Anreicherung + + + adequate food supply A quantity of nutriments that meets fundamental nutritional requirements and is provided to a person, group or community on a continuing basis. approvisionnement alimentaire approprié - Ernährungssicherung - toereikende voedselvoorziening disponibilità alimentare adeguata + toereikende voedselvoorziening + Ernährungssicherung + @@ -21898,9 +37506,11 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.environmental accident An unexpected occurrence, failure or loss, with the potential for harming the ecosystem or natural resources. accident écologique - Umweltunfall - milieuongeluk incidente ambientale + milieuongeluk + Umweltunfall + + @@ -21908,9 +37518,11 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. environmental accounting comptabilité de l'environnement - Ökologische Buchführung - milieuboekhouding contabilità ambientale + milieuboekhouding + Ökologische Buchführung + + @@ -21918,26 +37530,30 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.environmental protection advice Consultations or recommendations given as a guide of action regarding the preservation of ecological integrity and the defense or shelter of natural resources. conseil en matière de protection de l'environnement - Umweltschutzberatung - milieubeschermingsadvies delibera sulla protezione dell'ambiente + milieubeschermingsadvies + Umweltschutzberatung + air safety Any measure, technique or design intended to reduce the risk of harm posed by either moving vehicles or projectiles above the earth's surface or pollutants to the earth's atmosphere. sécurité aérienne - Luftsicherheit - luchtveiligheid sicurezza aerea + luchtveiligheid + Luftsicherheit + environmental anxiety inquiétude environnementale - Umweltangst - milieuangst ansia ambientale + milieuangst + Umweltangst + + @@ -21945,27 +37561,34 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.environmental sustainable architecture Environmentally friendly architecture is based on the following five principles: 1) healthful interior environment; 2) energy efficiency; 3) ecologically benign materials; 4) environmental form; 5) good design. architecture "durable" - Baubiologie - milieuvriendelijke architectuur architettura ecocompatibile + milieuvriendelijke architectuur + Baubiologie + environmental aspect of human settlements Human settlements have an adverse impact on many ecosystems and on themselves by the addition of toxic or harmful substances to the outer lithosphere, hydrosphere, and atmosphere. The major types of environmental pollutants are sewage, trace metals, petroleum hydrocarbons, synthetic organic compounds, and gaseous emissions. Most, if not all, of the additions of potentially harmful substances to the environment are result of the population growth and the technological advances of industrial societies. aspects écologiques des établissements humains - Umweltaspekt von Siedlungen - milieuaspecten van menselijke nederzettingen aspetti ambientali degli insediamenti umani + milieuaspecten van menselijke nederzettingen + Umweltaspekt von Siedlungen + + + environmental assessment The evaluation or appraisal of ecological or natural resources. évaluation environnementale - Umweltbewertung - milieuevaluatie valutazione ambientale + milieuevaluatie + Umweltbewertung + + + @@ -21990,9 +37613,12 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.environmental assessment criterion Principle or standard for the evaluation or appraisal of ecological or natural resources. critère d'évaluation environnementale - Umweltbewertungskriterium - milieuevaluatiecriterium criterio di valutazione ambientale + milieuevaluatiecriterium + Umweltbewertungskriterium + + + @@ -22007,9 +37633,11 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.environmental auditing An assessment of the nature and extent of any harm or detriment, or any possible harm or detriment, that may be inflicted on any aspect of the environment by any activity process, development programme, or any product, chemical, or waste substance. Audits may be designed to: verify or otherwise comply with environmental requirements; evaluate the effectiveness of existing environmental management systems; assess risks generally; or assist in planning for future improvements in environment protection and pollution control audit d'environnement - Umweltaudit - milieudoorlichting verifica ambientale + milieudoorlichting + Umweltaudit + + @@ -22018,9 +37646,11 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.environmental awareness The growth and development of awareness, understanding and consciousness toward the biophysical environment and its problems, including human interactions and effects. Thinking "ecologically" or in terms of an ecological consciousness. conscience environnementale - Umweltbewußtsein - milieubesef consapevolezza ambientale + milieubesef + Umweltbewußtsein + + @@ -22035,18 +37665,22 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.environmental balance Final part of the environmental impact study and assessment which compares environmental costs and benefits on the basis of homogeneous criteria. équilibre écologique - Umweltbilanz - milieu-evenwicht bilancio ambientale + milieu-evenwicht + Umweltbilanz + + environmental change Changes that may take place in ecosystems, climate, soil, habitats, etc. due to pressures of various origin. changement écologique - Umweltveränderung - milieuverandering cambiamento ambientale + milieuverandering + Umweltveränderung + + @@ -22062,9 +37696,12 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. environmental chemicals legislation législation en matière des produits chimiques présents dans l'environnement - Umweltchemikalienrecht - wetgeving inzake chemische stoffen die een invloed hebben op het milieu legislazione sui prodotti chimici ambientali + wetgeving inzake chemische stoffen die een invloed hebben op het milieu + Umweltchemikalienrecht + + + @@ -22072,45 +37709,56 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.environmental chemistry Science dealing with the physical, chemical and biochemical processes that polluting substances undergo when introduced in the environment. chimie environnementale - Umweltchemie - milieuchemie chimica ambientale + milieuchemie + Umweltchemie + + environmental compatibility Condition of products or projects of having a reduced impact or burden on the natural environment. éco-compatibilité - Umweltverträglichkeit - milieuverenigbaarheid compatibilità ambientale + milieuverenigbaarheid + Umweltverträglichkeit + + environmental consequence Resultant of natural or man-made perturbations of the physical, chemical or biological components making up the environment. conséquence sur l'environnement - Umweltauswirkung - milieugevolgen conseguenza ambientale + milieugevolgen + Umweltauswirkung + + airspace planning The activity of organizing or preparing for transportation through the atmosphere above earth's surface. organisation de l'espace aérien - Luftraumplanung - luchtruimtelijke planning pianificazione dello spazio aereo + luchtruimtelijke planning + Luftraumplanung + + + environmental conservation Efforts and activities to maintain and sustain those attributes in natural and urban environments which are essential both to human physical and mental health and to enjoyment of life. sauvegarde de l'environnement - Umweltschutz - milieubehoud conservazione ambientale + milieubehoud + Umweltschutz + + @@ -22130,18 +37778,21 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.environmental contingency planning The production of an organized, programmatic and coordinated course of action to be followed in the case of some accident, disaster or occurrence threatening an ecosystem and the human health or natural resources within it. plan d'intervention en cas de catastrophe - Umweltkontingenzplanung - milieurampen(bestrijdings)plan pianificazione in vista di contingenze ambientali + milieurampen(bestrijdings)plan + Umweltkontingenzplanung + + environmental control Protection of the environment through policies concerning the control of wastes, the improvement of the human-made environment, the protection of heritage values, the institution of national parks and reserves, the protection of fauna and flora, the conservation of forests and landscapes, etc. contrôle de l'environnement - Umweltschutz - milieubeheer controllo ambientale + milieubeheer + Umweltschutz + @@ -22153,9 +37804,11 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.environmental cost Expenses incurred as a result of some violation of ecological integrity either by an enterprise that implements a program to rectify the situation, or by society or the ecosystem as a whole when no person or enterprise is held liable. coût environnemental - Umweltkosten - milieukosten costi ambientali + milieukosten + Umweltkosten + + @@ -22166,27 +37819,32 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.environmental crime Unlawful acts against the environment, such as water contamination, hazardous waste disposal, air contamination, unpermitted installation of plants, oil spills, etc. crime écologique - Umweltverbrechen - milieumisdrijf crimine ambientale + milieumisdrijf + Umweltverbrechen + environmental criminal law The aggregate of statutory enactments pertaining to actions or instances of ecological negligence deemed injurious to public welfare or government interests and legally prohibited. droit pénal en matière d'environnement - Umweltstrafrecht - milieustrafrecht legislazione sui crimini ambientali + milieustrafrecht + Umweltstrafrecht + environmental criterion Standards of physical, chemical or biological (but sometimes including social, aesthetic, etc.) components that define a given quality of an environment. critères et données de surveillance - Umweltkriterium - milieucriterium criterio ambientale + milieucriterium + Umweltkriterium + + + @@ -22200,18 +37858,25 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.accidental release of organisms Genetically engineered organisms that are released in the environment by mistake; once released they may exhibit some previously unknown pathogenicity, might take over from some naturally occurring bacteria (possibly having other positive functions which thus are lost) or pass on some unwanted trait to such indigenous bacteria. There is also concern that an uncontrolled genetic mutation could produce a form with hazardous consequences for the environment. rejet accidentel d'organismes - Unfallbedingtes Freisetzen von Organismen - het per ongeluk vrijkomen van organismen rilascio accidentale di organismi + het per ongeluk vrijkomen van organismen + Unfallbedingtes Freisetzen von Organismen + + + + environmental culture The total of learned behavior, attitudes, practices and knowledge that a society has with respect to maintaining or protecting its natural resources, the ecosystem and all other external conditions affecting human life. culture environnementale - Umweltkultur - ecologische cultuur cultura ambientale + ecologische cultuur + Umweltkultur + + + @@ -22219,9 +37884,10 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.environmental damage Harm done to the environment, e.g. loss of wetlands, pollution of rivers, etc. atteinte à l'environnement - Umweltschaden - milieuschade danno ambientale + milieuschade + Umweltschaden + @@ -22235,9 +37901,12 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.environmental data Information concerning the state or condition of the environment. donnée environnementale - Umweltdaten - milieugegevens dati sull'ambiente + milieugegevens + Umweltdaten + + + @@ -22255,9 +37924,10 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.environmental development The growth, progress or advancement in matters of ecological concern. développement environnemental - Umweltentwicklung - milieu-ontwikkeling sviluppo ambientale + milieu-ontwikkeling + Umweltentwicklung + @@ -22266,9 +37936,11 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.air temperature The temperature of the atmosphere which represents the average kinetic energy of the molecular motion in a small region and is defined in terms of a standard or calibrated thermometer in thermal equilibrium with the air. température de l'air - Lufttemperatur - luchttemperatuur temperatura dell'aria + luchttemperatuur + Lufttemperatur + + @@ -22277,9 +37949,10 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.environmental economy issue A matter of public importance involving both a community's or a country's management of financial resources and its protection of natural resources. enjeu économique de l'environnement - Umweltökonomische Angelegenheiten - milieueconomische vraagstukken aspetti di economia ambientale + milieueconomische vraagstukken + Umweltökonomische Angelegenheiten + @@ -22303,18 +37976,21 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.environmental economics A recognized field of specialization in the discipline of Economics that embraces the issues of pollution control and environment protection, in which costs and benefits are difficult or impossible to estimate, much of the subject matter falling outside the competitive market system. Yet, it is an area in which immense common property resources need to be allocated sensibly to the overall public good. The subject is also very much concerned with ways and means to achieve this sensible allocation such as emission and effluent charges, user charges for the treatment or disposal of waste, environmental taxes, product charges, deposit refunds, tradeable pollution rights, performance bonds, natural resource accounting, and the economic implications of sustainable development. économie de l'environnement - Umweltökonomie - milieueconomie economia ambientale (scienza) + milieueconomie + Umweltökonomie + environmental education The educational process that deals with the human interrelationships with the environment and that utilizes an interdisciplinary problem-solving approach with value clarification. Concerned with education progress of knowledge, understanding, attitudes, skills, and commitment for environmental problems and considerations. The need for environmental education is continuous, because each new generation needs to learn conservation for itself. éducation à l'environnement - Umwelterziehung - milieuonderwijs educazione ambientale + milieuonderwijs + Umwelterziehung + + @@ -22322,18 +37998,22 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.environmental enterprise Organisations that are specialized in providing advice on environmental matters, for example investigation and remediation of potentially polluted land, water and air, and in the evaluation of environmental impacts; they employ professionals with the qualifications of engineering, geology, chemistry, hydrogeology, landscaping, environmental economics, etc. entreprise environnementale - Umweltunternehmen - milieuonderneming imprese ambientali + milieuonderneming + Umweltunternehmen + + environmental ethics An ecological conscience or moral that reflects a commitment and responsibility toward the environment, including plants and animals as well as present and future generations of people. Oriented toward human societies living in harmony with the natural world on which they depend for survival and well being. éthique de l'environnement - Umweltethik - milieuethiek etica ambientale + milieuethiek + Umweltethik + + @@ -22342,9 +38022,11 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.air traffic Aircraft moving in flight or on airport runways. trafic aérien - Luftverkehr - luchtverkeer traffico aereo + luchtverkeer + Luftverkehr + + @@ -22357,27 +38039,32 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.environmental fund Financial resources set aside for measures involving ecological maintenance or the protection, defense, or shelter of natural resources. fonds pour l'environnement - Umweltfonds - milieufonds fondi per l'ambiente + milieufonds + Umweltfonds + environmental hazard A physical or chemical agent capable of causing harm to the ecosystem or natural resources. danger environnemental - Umweltgefährdung - gevaar voor het milieu pericolo ambientale + gevaar voor het milieu + Umweltgefährdung + + + environmental health The art and science of the protection of good health, the prevention of disease and injury through the control of positive environmental factors, and the reduction of potential physical, biological, chemical and radiological hazards. hygiène de l'environnement - Umelthygiene - milieuhygiëne salute ambientale + milieuhygiëne + Umelthygiene + @@ -22386,18 +38073,20 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.environmental health hazard Any physical, chemical or other agent capable of causing harm to the interrelationship between humans and the surrounding external conditions, threatening both human well-being and ecological integrity. risque écologique pour la santé - Umwelthygienische Gefahr - gevaar voor de milieuhygiëne pericoli per la salute di origine ambientale + gevaar voor de milieuhygiëne + Umwelthygienische Gefahr + environmental health impact assessment Assessment of impacts caused by an action on the health conditions of a population. évaluation de l'impact des conditions de vie sur la santé - Umwelthygienische Verträglichkeitsprüfung - onderzoek effect op miliehygiëne valutazione sanitaria di impatto ambientale + onderzoek effect op miliehygiëne + Umwelthygienische Verträglichkeitsprüfung + @@ -22405,27 +38094,33 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.environmental health protection Measures or devices designed to reduce the risk of harm to human health posed by pollutants or other threatening conditions in the ecosystem. protection de l'hygiène du milieu - Umweltgesundheitsschutz - bescherming van de milieuhygiëne protezione sanitaria ambientale + bescherming van de milieuhygiëne + Umweltgesundheitsschutz + environmental history A systematic and chronological account of past events and conditions relating to the ecosystem, its natural resources or, more generally, the external factors surrounding and affecting human life. histoire de l'écologie - Umweltgeschichte - milieuachtergrond storia ambientale + milieuachtergrond + Umweltgeschichte + + + environmental impact Any alteration of environmental conditions or creation of a new set of environmental conditions, adverse or beneficial, caused or induced by the action or set of actions under consideration. impact sur l'environnement - Umweltbelastung - invloed op het milieu impatto ambientale + invloed op het milieu + Umweltbelastung + + @@ -22445,9 +38140,12 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.environmental impact assessment Analysis and judgement of the effects upon the environment, both temporary and permanent, of a significant development or project. It must also consider the social consequences and alternative actions. évaluation de l'impact sur l'environnement - Umweltverträglichkeitsprüfung - inschatting van de invloed op het milieu Valutazione di Impatto Ambientale + inschatting van de invloed op het milieu + Umweltverträglichkeitsprüfung + + + @@ -22458,9 +38156,11 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.environmental impact of agriculture Agricultural activities have significant impacts on water quality, including increases in stream sedimentation from erosion, and increases in nutrients, pesticides, and salt concentrations in runoff. In certain regions, the misuse of pesticides has led to the development of pesticide-resistant strains of pests, destroyed natural predators, killed local wildlife, and contaminated human water supplies. Improper application of fertilizers has changed the types of vegetation and fish types inhabiting nearby waterways and rivers. impact de l'agriculture sur l'environnement - Umweltbelastung durch Landwirtschaft - invloed van landbouw op het milieu impatto ambientale dell'agricoltura + invloed van landbouw op het milieu + Umweltbelastung durch Landwirtschaft + + @@ -22468,9 +38168,12 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.environmental impact of aquaculture Fish farming pollutes the water with nutrients, methane and hydrogen sulphide which threaten both farmed fish and other marine life. Dangerous pesticides have been used to treat infestations of sea lice. impact de l'aquaculture sur l'environnement - Umweltbelastung durch Aquakultur - invloed van aquacultuur op het milieu impatto ambientale dell'acquacoltura + invloed van aquacultuur op het milieu + Umweltbelastung durch Aquakultur + + + @@ -22478,9 +38181,11 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.environmental impact of energy Energy and environmental problems are closely related, since it is nearly impossible to produce, transport, or consume energy without significant environmental impact. The environmental problems directly related to energy production and consumption include air pollution, water pollution, thermal pollution, and solid waste disposal. The emission of air pollutants from fossil fuel combustion is the major cause of urban air pollution. Diverse water pollution problems are associated with energy usage. One major problem is oil spills. In all petroleum-handling operations, there is a finite probability of spilling oil either on the earth or in a body of water. Coal mining can also pollute water. Changes in groundwater flow produced by mining operations often bring otherwise unpolluted waters into contact with certain mineral materials which are leached from the soil and produce an acid mine drainage. Solid waste is also a by-product of some forms of energy usage. Coal mining requires the removal of large quantities of earth as well as coal. In general, environmental problems increase with energy use and this combined with the limited energy resource base is the crux of the energy crisis. An energy impact assessment should compare these costs with the benefits to be derived from energy use. impact de l'énergie sur l'environnement - Energiebedingte Umweltbelastung - invloed van energie op het milieu impatto ambientale dell'energia + invloed van energie op het milieu + Energiebedingte Umweltbelastung + + @@ -22488,9 +38193,12 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.environmental impact of fishing Fishing may have various negative effects on the environment: effluent and waste from fish farms may damage wild fish, seals, and shellfish. Fish farmers use tiny quantities of highly toxic chemicals to kill lice: one overdose could be devastating. So-called by-catches, or the incidental taking of non-commercial species in drift nets, trawling operations and long line fishing is responsible for the death of large marine animals and one factor in the threatened extinction of some species. Some fishing techniques, like the drift nets, yield not only tons of fish but kill millions of birds, whales and seals and catch millions of fish not intended. Small net holes often capture juvenile fish who never have a chance to reproduce. Some forms of equipment destroy natural habitats, for example bottom trawling may destroy natural reefs. Other destructive techniques are illegal dynamite and cyanide fishing. mpact de la pêche sur l'environnement - Umweltbelastung durch Fischerei - invloed van visserij op het milieu impatto ambientale della pesca + invloed van visserij op het milieu + Umweltbelastung durch Fischerei + + + @@ -22498,9 +38206,11 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.environmental impact of forestry The world's forestry resources are shrinking at an alarming rate. The need for foreign exchange encourages many developing countries to cut timber faster than forests can be regenerated. This overcutting not only depletes the resource that underpins the world timber trade, it causes loss of forest-based livelihoods, increases soil erosion and downstream flooding, and accelerates the loss of species and genetic resources. impact de la sylviculture sur l'environnement - Umweltbelastung durch Forstwirtschaft - invloed van bosbouw op het milieu impatto ambientale delle attività forestali + invloed van bosbouw op het milieu + Umweltbelastung durch Forstwirtschaft + + @@ -22508,9 +38218,10 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.environmental impact of households Household impacts on the environment include domestic heating emissions (hot air, carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, water vapour and oxide of nitrogen, sulphur and other trace gases); domestic sewage consisting of human bodily discharges, water from kitchens, bathrooms and laundries; the dumping of bulky wastes such as old washing machines, refrigerators, cars and other objects that will not fit into the standard dustbin and which are often dumped about the countryside, etc. impact des ménages sur l'environnement - Umweltbelastung durch Haushalte - invloed van huishoudens op het milieu impatto ambientale delle attività domestiche + invloed van huishoudens op het milieu + Umweltbelastung durch Haushalte + @@ -22518,9 +38229,11 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.environmental impact of industry The effects on the environment connected with industrial activities are mainly related to the production of industrial wastes that can be divided into various types: solid waste, such as dust particles or slag from coal; liquid wastes from various processes, including radioactive coolants from power stations; and gas wastes, largely produced by the chemical industry. impact de l'industrie sur l'environnement - Umweltbelastung durch Industrie - invloed van industrie op het milieu impatto ambientale dell'industria + invloed van industrie op het milieu + Umweltbelastung durch Industrie + + @@ -22528,9 +38241,10 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.environmental impact of recreation Recreation and tourism are often accompanied by extensive damage to the environment. Aquatic ecosystems are particularly vulnerable to the effects of an increased tourist trade and the resultant building of hotel accommodations, sewage disposal works, roads, car parks and landing jetties on banks and coastlines; and the increased angling, swimming, water skiing, shooting or use of motor-boats in the water body. These all produce direct deleterious effects when conducted on a massive scale, including shore damage, chemical changes in the water, and sediments and biological changes in the plant and animal communities. impact des loisirs sur l'environnement - Umweltbelastung durch Freizeitgestaltung - invloed van recreatie op het milieu impatto ambientale delle attività ricreative + invloed van recreatie op het milieu + Umweltbelastung durch Freizeitgestaltung + @@ -22538,9 +38252,10 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.environmental impact of tourism Extensive damage to the environment caused by recreation and tourism, including despoiling of coastlines by construction of tourist facilities; pollution of the sea; loss of historic buildings to make way for tourist facilities; loss of agricultural land for airport development, etc. impact du tourisme sur l'environnement - Tourismusbedingte Umweltbelastung - invloed van toerisme op het milieu impatto ambientale del turismo + invloed van toerisme op het milieu + Tourismusbedingte Umweltbelastung + @@ -22549,36 +38264,46 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.environmental impact of transport Impact of transportation-related activities on the environment, in particular, those impacts dealing with air pollution, noise, displacement of people and businesses, disruption of wildlife habitats, and overall growth-inducing effects. impact des transports sur l'environnement - Umweltbelastung durch Verkehr - invloed van vervoer op het milieu impatto ambientale dei trasporti + invloed van vervoer op het milieu + Umweltbelastung durch Verkehr + + + environmental impact statement A detailed statement which, to the fullest extent possible, identifies and analyses, among other things, the anticipated environmental impact of a proposed action and discusses how the adverse effects will be mitigated. déclaration sur l'impact écologique - Umweltverträglichkeitsstudie - milieueffectbepaling rapporto di impatto ambientale + milieueffectbepaling + Umweltverträglichkeitsstudie + + + environmental impact study Survey conducted to ascertain the conditions of a site prior to the realization of a project, to analyze its possible impacts and compensative measures. étude d'impact sur l'environnement - Umweltverträglichkeitsstudie - milieueffectenrapportage studio di impatto ambientale + milieueffectenrapportage + Umweltverträglichkeitsstudie + + + environmental incentive Incitation financière à la protection de l'environnement - Umweltbedingter Anreiz - milieustimuleringsmaatregel incentivo ambientale + milieustimuleringsmaatregel + Umweltbedingter Anreiz + @@ -22588,9 +38313,11 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.environmental indicator A measurement, statistic or value that provides a proximate gauge or evidence of the effects of environmental management programs or of the state or condition of the environment. indicateur environnemental - Umweltindikator - milieu-indicator indicatore ambientale + milieu-indicator + Umweltindikator + + @@ -22598,18 +38325,22 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.environmental index An index of available environmental articles from 1972 to present; also known as Environmental Abstract Annual. index environnemental - Umweltindex - milieu-index indice ambientale + milieu-index + Umweltindex + + environmental industry Industries involved in the development of cleaner technologies, waste and wastewater treatment, recycling processes, biotechnology processes, catalysts, membranes, desulphurisation plants, noise reduction, and the manufacture of other products having an environment protection purpose. écoindustrie - Umweltindustrie - milieu-industrie industria ambientale + milieu-industrie + Umweltindustrie + + @@ -22619,27 +38350,33 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.air traffic law International rules and conventions relating to air transportation. loi de navigation aérienne - Luftverkehrsgesetz - luchtverkeerswetgeving legislazione inerente al traffico aereo + luchtverkeerswetgeving + Luftverkehrsgesetz + + + environmental informatics Science and techniques of data elaboration and of computer processing of information concerning ecosystems and ecology. informatique environnementale - Umweltinformatik - milieu-informatica informatica ambientale + milieu-informatica + Umweltinformatik + environmental information Knowledge communicated or received concerning any aspect of the ecosystem, the natural resources within it or, more generally, the external factors surrounding and affecting human life. information environnementale - Umweltinformation - milieu-informatie informazione ambientale + milieu-informatie + Umweltinformation + + @@ -22649,9 +38386,11 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.environmental information network A system of interrelated persons and devices linked to permit the exchange of data or knowledge concerning natural resources, human health and other ecological matters. réseau d'information sur l'environnement - Umweltinformationsnetz - milieu-informatienetwerk reti di informazione ambientale + milieu-informatienetwerk + Umweltinformationsnetz + + @@ -22659,18 +38398,21 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.environmental information system A coordinated assemblage of people, devices or other resources designed to exchange data or knowledge concerning any aspect of the ecosystem, the natural resources within or, more generally, the external factors surrounding and affecting human life. système d'information sur l'environnement - Umweltinformationssystem - milieu-informatiesysteem sistema di informazione ambientale + milieu-informatiesysteem + Umweltinformationssystem + + environmental investment Securities held for the production of income in the form of interest and dividends with the aim of benefitting the environment. investissement environnemental - Umweltinvestition - milieu-investering investimento per l'ambiente + milieu-investering + Umweltinvestition + @@ -22679,44 +38421,53 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.1) Concern for the environment and its protection. 2) Theory emphasizing the primary influence of the environment on the development of groups or individuals. It stresses the importance of the physical, biological, psychological, or cultural environment as a factor influencing the structure or behaviour of animals, including humans. In politics, this has given rise in many countries to Green Parties, which aim to " Preserve the planet and its people". écologisme - Environmentalismus - milieutheorie ambientalismo + milieutheorie + Environmentalismus + + environmental law A wide spectrum of options from binding "hard" laws, such as international treaties and national legislation, to "soft" laws, covering guiding principles, recommended practices and procedures, and standards. Environmental law also attempts to reconcile international considerations with concerns that focus on very specific problems such as soil degradation, marine pollution or the depletion of non-renewable resources. droit de l'environnement - Umweltgesetz - milieurecht diritto ambientale + milieurecht + Umweltgesetz + air traffic regulation réglementation du trafic aérien - Luftverkehrsüberwachung - luchtverkeersregelgeving regolamentazione del traffico aereo + luchtverkeersregelgeving + Luftverkehrsüberwachung + + + environmental law enforcement Any variety of activities associated with promoting compliance and obedience to those binding rules of a state that have been promulgated to safeguard ecological integrity, preserve natural resources and protect human health. application du droit de l'environnement - Umweltrechtliche Strafverfolgung - handhaving van het milieurecht applicazione delle leggi ambientali + handhaving van het milieurecht + Umweltrechtliche Strafverfolgung + + environmental legislation Branch of law relating to pollution control; national parks, wildlife, fauna and flora, wilderness and biodiversity; environmental and occupational health; environmental planning; heritage conservation and a large number of international conventions relating to the environment. législation en matière d'environnement - Umweltrecht - milieuwetgeving legislazione ambientale + milieuwetgeving + Umweltrecht + @@ -22734,27 +38485,33 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.environmental legislation on agriculture A binding rule or body of rules prescribed by a government to regulate any aspect of farm and livestock production that poses a threat to ecological integrity and human health, especially the use of pesticides, fertilizers and land. législation environnementale sur l'agriculture - Agrarumweltrecht - milieuwetgeving met betrekking tot de landbouw legislazione ambientale agricola + milieuwetgeving met betrekking tot de landbouw + Agrarumweltrecht + + + environmental legislative process The systematic course of proceedings in which a bill that would preserve or protect ecological resources may be enacted as a law. procédure législative en matière d'environnement - Umweltschutzgesetzgebung - milieuwetgevingsprocedure processo legislativo ambientale + milieuwetgevingsprocedure + Umweltschutzgesetzgebung + + environmental liability The penalty to be paid by an organization for the damage caused by pollution and restoration necessary as a result of that damage, whether by accidental spillages from tankers, industrial waste discharges into waterways or land, or deliberate or accidental release of radioactive materials. responsabilité écologique - Umwelthaftung - milieuaansprakelijkheid responsabilità ambientale + milieuaansprakelijkheid + Umwelthaftung + @@ -22762,53 +38519,67 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.environmental licence A governmental license or grant that allows and regulates an enterprise's discharge of air pollutants, typically from a commercial or industrial plant. permis applicable à l'environnement - Umweltlizenz - milieuvergunning licenza ambientale + milieuvergunning + Umweltlizenz + + environmentally dangerous substance Substance that causes undesirable change in the physical, chemical, or biological characteristics of the air, water, or land that can harmfully affect the health, survival, or activities of human or other living organisms. substance dangereuse pour l'environnement - Umweltgefährdende Stoffe - gevaarlijke stoffen voor het milieu sostanza pericolosa per l'ambiente + gevaarlijke stoffen voor het milieu + Umweltgefährdende Stoffe + + + environmental friendly procurement The process of obtaining products and services which are favorably disposed toward the environment. achat de produits et de services écologiques - Umweltfreundliche Beschaffung - milieuvriendelijke aankopen fornitura rispettosa per l'ambiente + milieuvriendelijke aankopen + Umweltfreundliche Beschaffung + + + + environmentally friendly product Product that is not harmful to the environment. produit propre - Umweltfreundliches Produkt - milieuvriendelijk product prodotto sicuro per l'ambiente + milieuvriendelijk product + Umweltfreundliches Produkt + + environmentally friendly management Adoption of integrated and preventative management practices aiming at reducing the impacts of industrial and trade activities on the environment; these practices include, among others, life-cycle analysis in the product development cycle, the introduction of clean process technology and measures of waste minimisation. management environnemental - Umweltorientierte Unternehmensführung - milieuvriendelijk beheer gestione aziendale ambientalmente corretta + milieuvriendelijk beheer + Umweltorientierte Unternehmensführung + + environmentally related disease maladie liée au milieu environnant - Umweltbedingte Krankheit - aandoening die met het milieu te maken heeft malattia legata all'ambiente + aandoening die met het milieu te maken heeft + Umweltbedingte Krankheit + @@ -22816,27 +38587,33 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. environmentally responsible behaviour comportement écologique - Umweltbewusstes Verhalten - milieubewust gedrag comportamento rispettoso dell'ambiente + milieubewust gedrag + Umweltbewusstes Verhalten + environmentally unfriendly firm Firms that do not comply with environmental regulations for the disposal of noxious wastes generated during the production cycle. entreprise non respectueuse de l'environnement - Umweltfeindlicher Betrieb - milieuonvriendelijk bedrijf azienda nociva per l'ambiente + milieuonvriendelijk bedrijf + Umweltfeindlicher Betrieb + + + environmental management Measures and controls which are directed at environmental conservation, the rational and sustainable allocation and utilization of natural resources, the optimization of interrelations between society and the environment, and the improvement of human welfare for present and future generations. management environnemental - Umweltmanagement - milieubeheer gestione ambientale + milieubeheer + Umweltmanagement + + @@ -22865,26 +38642,32 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.environmental medicine The art and science of the protection of good health, the promotion of aesthetic values, the prevention of disease and injury through the control of positive environmental factors, and the reduction of potential physical, biological, chemical, and radiological hazards. médecine environnementale - Umweltmedizin - milieugeneeskunde medicina ambientale + milieugeneeskunde + Umweltmedizin + environmental misconduct méfait écologique - Umweltvergehen - wangedrag ten opzichte van het milieu comportamento ambientale scorretto + wangedrag ten opzichte van het milieu + Umweltvergehen + environmental monitoring Periodic and/or continued measuring, evaluating, and determining environmental parameters and/or pollution levels in order to prevent negative and damaging effects to the environment. Also include the forecasting of possible changes in ecosystem and/or the biosphere as a whole. surveillance de l'environnement - Umweltüberwachung - milieubewaking monitoraggio ambientale + milieubewaking + Umweltüberwachung + + + + @@ -22892,9 +38675,10 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.environmental noise The sound and the characteristics of sounds from all sources in the surrounding environment. bruit ambiant - Umgebungslärm - omgevingsgeluid rumore ambientale + omgevingsgeluid + Umgebungslärm + @@ -22911,27 +38695,31 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.environmental perception An intuitive recognition or understanding of the ecosystem and its natural resources, often based on human experiences or cultural attitudes or beliefs. perception de l'environnement - Umweltwahrnehmung - milieubeeld percezione ambientale + milieubeeld + Umweltwahrnehmung + + environmental performance performance environnementale - Grad der Erfüllung von Umweltauflagen - milieuprestatie performance ambientale + milieuprestatie + Grad der Erfüllung von Umweltauflagen + environmental planning The identification of desirable objectives for the physical environment, including social and economic objectives, and the creation of administrative procedures and programmes to meet those objectives. planification écologique - Umweltplanung - milieuplanning pianificazione ambientale + milieuplanning + Umweltplanung + @@ -22947,27 +38735,32 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.air transportation The use of aircraft, predominantly airplanes, to move passengers and cargo. transport aérien - Lufttransport - luchtvervoer trasporto aereo + luchtvervoer + Lufttransport + + + environmental plan A formulated or systematic method for the protection of natural or ecological resources. plan écologique - Umweltplan - milieuplan piano ambientale + milieuplan + Umweltplan + environmental policy Official statements of principles, intentions, values, and objective which are based on legislation and the governing authority of a state and which serve as a guide for the operations of governmental and private activities in environmental affairs. politique de l'environnement - Umweltpolitik - milieubeleid (overheid) politica ambientale + milieubeleid (overheid) + Umweltpolitik + @@ -22986,9 +38779,11 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.environmental policy instrument Technological, economical and legislative measures employed to prevent or control pollution or damage of the environment. instrument de gestion de l'environnement - Umweltpolitische Instrumente - milieubeleidsinstrument strumenti di politica ambientale + milieubeleidsinstrument + Umweltpolitische Instrumente + + @@ -22998,9 +38793,10 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.environmental pollution The introduction by man into the environment of substances or energy liable to cause hazards to human health, harm to living resources and ecological systems, damage to structure or amenity, or interference with legitimate uses of the environment. pollution de l'environnement - Umweltverschmutzung - milieuvervuiling inquinamento dell'ambiente + milieuvervuiling + Umweltverschmutzung + @@ -23011,18 +38807,21 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. environmental priority priorité environnementale - Umweltpriorität - prioriteit op milieugebied priorità ambientale + prioriteit op milieugebied + Umweltpriorität + + environmental programme An organized group of activities and procedures, often run by a government agency or a nonprofit organization, to protect natural or ecological resources and advocate for ecological progress. programme environnemental - Umweltprogramm - milieuprogramma programma ambientale + milieuprogramma + Umweltprogramm + @@ -23032,9 +38831,13 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.air-water interaction The physical processes at the air-water interface: momentum, heat and mass transfer across the air-water interface, mixing of surface water by wind stress and wave breaking, directional wave spectra and wave forces on offshore structures. The air-water interaction is measured by the turbulence and gas exchanges resulting from the mixing of the water column by wind. interaction air/eau - Luft-Wasser-Wechselwirkung - lucht-water wisselwerking interazione aria-acqua + lucht-water wisselwerking + Luft-Wasser-Wechselwirkung + + + + @@ -23043,9 +38846,10 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.environmental protection Measures and controls to prevent damage and degradation of the environment, including the sustainability of its living resources. protection de l'environnement - Umweltschutz - milieubescherming protezione dell'ambiente + milieubescherming + Umweltschutz + @@ -23059,89 +38863,106 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.environmental protection agency EPA is the US Government's watchdog agency responsible for controlling the pollution of air and water, pesticides, radiation hazards and noise pollution. The agency is also involved in research to examine the effects of pollution. agence pour la protection de l'environnement - Umweltbehörde - milieubeschermingsagentschap agenzia per la protezione dell'ambiente + milieubeschermingsagentschap + Umweltbehörde + environmental protection association Associations whose object resides in the protection of natural environment. association de défense de l'environnement - Umweltschutzverband - milieubeschermingsvereniging associazione di difesa dell'ambiente + milieubeschermingsvereniging + Umweltschutzverband + + environmental protection cost The amount of money incurred in the preservation, defense, or shelter of natural resources. coût de protection de l'environnement - Umweltschutzkosten - milieubeschermingskosten costi della protezione ambientale + milieubeschermingskosten + Umweltschutzkosten + environmental protection in the enterprise Precautionary actions, procedures or installations undertaken by non-governmental, business or industrial entities to prevent or reduce harm to the ecosystem and human health. défense de l'environnement dans le cadre de l'entreprise - Betrieblicher Umweltschutz - milieubescherming binnen het bedrijf protezione ambientale nell'industria + milieubescherming binnen het bedrijf + Betrieblicher Umweltschutz + + environmental protection order décret sur la protection de l'environnement - Umweltschutzauflage - milieubeschermingsbevel provvedimento di protezione ambientale + milieubeschermingsbevel + Umweltschutzauflage + environmental protection organisation A government agency, committee or group that is responsible for preserving and safeguarding ecological or natural resources. organisation de protection de l'environnement - Umweltschutzorganisation - milieubeschermingsinstantie organizzazione per la protezione ambientale + milieubeschermingsinstantie + Umweltschutzorganisation + environmental protection regulation A government or management prescribed rule for the preservation of natural resources and the prevention of damage or degradation of the ecosystem. réglementation de la protection de l'environnement - Umweltschutzvorschrift - milieubeschermingsverordening disposizioni sulla protezione ambientale + milieubeschermingsverordening + Umweltschutzvorschrift + environmental protection technology Technologies that meet environmental objectives by incorporating pollution prevention concepts in their design. Environmental control strategies introduced in the early design stages of a process, rather than an end-of-pipe control option introduced in the later stages, improve the technical and economic performance of a process. technologie de protection de l'environnement - Umweltschutztechnik - milieubeschermingstechnologie tecnologia per la protezione ambientale + milieubeschermingstechnologie + Umweltschutztechnik + + environmental psychology A branch of experimental psychology which studies the relationships between behavior and the environmental context in which it occurs. Environmental psychology's primary focus is the influence of the physical environment and, therefore, much of the research in this area deals with the influences of noise, air pollution, climatic changes, etc. psychologie environnementale - Umweltpsychologie - milieupsychologie psicologia ambientale + milieupsychologie + Umweltpsychologie + + environmental quality Properties and characteristics of the environment, either generalized or local, as they impinge on human beings and other organisms. Environmental quality is a general term which can refer to: varied characteristics such as air and water purity or pollution, noise, access to open space, and the visual effects of buildings, and the potential effects which such characteristics may have on physical and mental health. qualité de l'environnement - Umweltqualität - milieukwaliteit qualità dell'ambiente + milieukwaliteit + Umweltqualität + + + + @@ -23151,17 +38972,22 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.environmental quality criterion Criteria followed in establishing standards for exposure to pollutants and noise, in respect of pesticides, detergents, composition of effluents, discharge of trade wastes, etc. critère de qualité de l'environnement - Umweltqualitätskriterien - milieukwaliteitscriterium criterio di qualità ambientale + milieukwaliteitscriterium + Umweltqualitätskriterien + + + + environmental quality objective objectif de qualité environnementale - Umweltqualitätsziel - milieukwaliteitsdoelstelling obiettivo di qualità ambientale + milieukwaliteitsdoelstelling + Umweltqualitätsziel + @@ -23172,18 +38998,21 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.environmental quality standard Normative documents and guidelines for determining the degree of environmental conditions and requirements to avoid negative and damaging effects, influences, and consequences. norme de qualité de l'environnement - Umweltqualitätsstandard - milieukwaliteitsnorm standard di qualità ambientale + milieukwaliteitsnorm + Umweltqualitätsstandard + + environmental report An account or statement, usually in writing, describing in detail events, situations or conditions pertaining to the ecosystem, its natural resources or any of the external factors surrounding and affecting human life. rapport sur l'environnement - Umweltbericht - milieurapport rapporto sull'ambiente + milieurapport + Umweltbericht + @@ -23193,9 +39022,10 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.environmental research The study of the environment and its modifications caused by human activities. recherche sur l'environnement et développement - Umweltforschung - milieuonderzoek ricerca ambientale + milieuonderzoek + Umweltforschung + @@ -23204,9 +39034,11 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.environmental risk assessment Qualitative and quantitative evaluation of the risk posed to the environment by the actual or potential presence and/or use of specific pollutants. évaluation des risques pour l'environnement - Umweltrisikobewertung - milieurisicobeoordeling valutazione del rischio ambientale + milieurisicobeoordeling + Umweltrisikobewertung + + @@ -23216,9 +39048,10 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.environmental risk Likelihood, or probability, of injury, disease, or death resulting from exposure to a potential environmental hazard. risque pour l'environnement - Umweltrisiko - milieurisico rischio ambientale + milieurisico + Umweltrisiko + @@ -23226,44 +39059,55 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.environmental science The interdisciplinary study of environmental problems, within the framework of established physical and biological principles, i.e. oriented toward a scientific approach. sciences de l'environnement - Umweltwissenschaft - milieukunde scienze ambientali + milieukunde + Umweltwissenschaft + environmental security Measures taken or policies instituted to protect and promote the safety of external conditions affecting the life, development and survival of an organism. sécurité écologique - Umweltsicherheit - milieuveiligheid sicurezza ambientale + milieuveiligheid + Umweltsicherheit + environmental specimen bank Places in which selected specimens (fish, mussels, milk, soil sample and human tissue, etc.) are stored without being allowed to decompose. banque d'échantillons de l'environnement - Umweltprobenbank - milieumonsterdepot banca campioni ambientali + milieumonsterdepot + Umweltprobenbank + + + environmental statement (eco-audit) Assessment made by a company or organization of the financial benefits and disadvantages to be derived from adopting a more environmentally sound policy. éco-audit - Umwelterklärung (Ökoaudit) - milieuverklaring (eco-controle) verifica ambientale (ecoaudit) + milieuverklaring (eco-controle) + Umwelterklärung (Ökoaudit) + + + environmental statistics statistiques de l'environnement - Umweltstatistik - milieustatistieken statistica ambientale + milieustatistieken + Umweltstatistik + + + @@ -23272,27 +39116,31 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.environmental stock exchange The buying, selling, or exchanging of ecological commodities. bourse des valeurs environnementales - Umweltbörse - milieubeurs borsa valori ambientale + milieubeurs + Umweltbörse + environmental subsidy Payment by a government to assist or improve performance regarding ecological maintenance or the protection, defense, or shelter of natural resources. encouragement et subventions écologiques - Umweltsubvention - milieusubsidie sovvenzione per l'ambiente + milieusubsidie + Umweltsubvention + + environmental target Environmental elements of recognized importance which can be modified by the completion of a project. objectif environnemental - Umweltziel - milieudoelstelling bersaglio ambientale + milieudoelstelling + Umweltziel + @@ -23300,27 +39148,32 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.alarm Signalling an impending danger in order to call attention to some event or condition. alarme - Alarmierung - alarm allarme + alarm + Alarmierung + environmental teaching Instruction, training or the imparting of knowledge about the external conditions affecting the life, development and survival of organisms, including potential dangers to the ecosystem and the means to maintain its integrity. enseignement de l'environnement - Umweltunterricht - milieuonderwijs insegnamento ambientale + milieuonderwijs + Umweltunterricht + + environmental technology technologie de l'environnement - Umwelttechnologie - milieutechnologie tecnologia ambientale + milieutechnologie + Umwelttechnologie + + @@ -23339,18 +39192,21 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.environmental terminology The vocabulary of technical terms and usage appropriate to community, corporate, governmental and other groups concerned with protecting natural resources, preserving the integrity of the ecosystem and safeguarding human health. terminologie de l'environnement - Umweltterminologie - milieuterminologie terminologia ambientale + milieuterminologie + Umweltterminologie + environmental training Teaching of specialists and qualified workers who acquire knowledge and skills necessary to solve environmental problems. formation en matière d'environnement - Umweltausbildung - milieutraining formazione ambientale + milieutraining + Umweltausbildung + + @@ -23358,44 +39214,52 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.environmental economic valuation The assessment, evaluation, or appraisal of business performance in matters involving ecology and finances. évaluation économique environnementale - Umweltökonomische Bewertung - milieu-economische waardering valutazione ambientale (economica) + milieu-economische waardering + Umweltökonomische Bewertung + environmental vandalism vandalisme environnemental - Umweltvandalismus - milieuvandalisme vandalismo ambientale + milieuvandalisme + Umweltvandalismus + environmental warfare The direct manipulation or destruction of ecological resources as either a political threat or for actual military advantage. guerre mésologique - Umweltkriegsführung - milieuoorlogsvoering guerra ambientale + milieuoorlogsvoering + Umweltkriegsführung + + + environment friendly Human activities, enterprises or products that reinforce rather than undermine the integrity of the ecosystem. favorable à l'environnement - Umweltfreundlich - milieuvriendelijk rispettoso per l'ambiente + milieuvriendelijk + Umweltfreundlich + + environment A concept which includes all aspects of the surroundings of humanity, affecting individuals and social groupings. The European Union has defined the environment as "the combination of elements whose complex interrelationships make up the settings, the surroundings and the conditions of life of the individual and of society, as they are or as they are felt". The environment thus includes the built environment, the natural environment and all natural resources, including air, land and water. It also includes the surroundings of the workplace. environnement - Umwelt - milieu ambiente (in generale) + milieu + Umwelt + @@ -23408,9 +39272,11 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.enzyme Any of a group of catalytic proteins that are produced by living cells and that mediate and promote the chemical processes of life without themselves being altered or destroyed. enzyme - Enzym - enzym enzima + enzym + Enzym + + @@ -23418,9 +39284,10 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.epidemic A sudden increase in the incidence rate of a disease to a value above normal, affecting large numbers of people and spread over a wide area. épidémie - Epidemie - epidemieën epidemia + epidemieën + Epidemie + @@ -23430,18 +39297,21 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.1) The study of the mass aspects of disease. 2) The study of the occurrence and distribution of disease and injury specified by person, place, and time. épidémiologie - Epidemiologie - epidemiologie epidemiologia + epidemiologie + Epidemiologie + + equine Animals belonging to the family of Equidae. équidé - Equinae - paardachtigen equidi + paardachtigen + Equinae + @@ -23449,9 +39319,10 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.equipment Any collection of materials, supplies or apparatuses stored, furnished or provided for an undertaking or activity. équipement - Ausrüstung - uitrusting apparecchiature + uitrusting + Ausrüstung + @@ -23484,27 +39355,34 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.equivalent dose A quantity used in radiation protection, expressing all radiation on a common scale for calculating the effective absorbed dose. The unit of dose equivalent is the rem. which is numerically equal to the absorbed dose in rads multiplied by certain modifying factors such as the quality factor, the distribution factor, etc. dose équivalente - Äquivalentdosis - equivalente dosis dose equivalente + equivalente dosis + Äquivalentdosis + ergonomics The study of human capability and psychology in relation to the working environment and the equipment operated by the worker. ergonomie - Ergonomie - ergonomie ergonomia + ergonomie + Ergonomie + + + erosion The general process or the group of processes whereby the materials of Earth's crust are loosened , dissolved, or worn away and simultaneously moved from one place to another, by natural agencies, which include weathering, solution, corrosion, and transportation, but usually exclude mass wasting. érosion - Erosion - erosie erosione + erosie + Erosion + + + @@ -23515,9 +39393,13 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.erosion control Practices used during construction or other land disturbing activities to reduce or prevent soil erosion. Typical practices include planting of trees and quick growing grass on disturbed areas and other means to slow the movement of water across a disturbed site and trap the soil that does get transported by runoff. aménagement antiérosif - Erosionsschutz - erosiebeheersing controllo dell'erosione + erosiebeheersing + Erosionsschutz + + + + @@ -23525,45 +39407,54 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.estuarine biology The scientific study or the characteristic life processes of living organisms found in a semi-enclosed coastal body of water which has a free connection with the open sea and within which sea water is measurably diluted with freshwater. biologie estuarienne - Ästuarbiologie - biologie in riviermonding biologia degli estuari + biologie in riviermonding + Ästuarbiologie + + estuarine conservation area Estuarine area which has been reserved by legislation to protect part or all of the enclosed environment for conservation, scientific, educational and/or recreational purposes. zone préservée de l'estuaire - Ästuarschutzgebiet - beschermd estuarium aree di conservazione degli estuari + beschermd estuarium + Ästuarschutzgebiet + + estuarine ecosystem écosystème estuarien - Ästuarökosystem - ecosysteem riviermonding ecosistema di estuari + ecosysteem riviermonding + Ästuarökosystem + + estuarine oceanography The study of the physical, chemical, biological and geological characteristics of a semi-enclosed coastal body of water which has a free connection with the open sea and within which sea water is measurably diluted with fresh water. océanographie estuarienne - Ästuare Ozeanographie - oceanografie riviermonding oceanografia degli estuari + oceanografie riviermonding + Ästuare Ozeanographie + estuary Area at the mouth of a river where it broadens into the sea, and where fresh and sea water intermingle to produce brackish water. The estuarine environment is very rich in wildlife, particularly aquatic, but it is very vulnerable to damage as a result of the actions of humans. estuaire - Ästuar - estuarium estuario + estuarium + Ästuar + + @@ -23571,36 +39462,42 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.etching The incision of lines on a plate of metal, glass, or other material by covering it with an acid-resistant coating, scratching through the coating, and then permitting an acid bath to erode exposed parts of the plate. gravure - Beizen - etsen incisione con acido + etsen + Beizen + + etching substance Substance capable of wearing away the surface of a metal, glass, etc. by chemical action. substance corrosive - Ätzmittel - etsende stoffen sostanza per incisione + etsende stoffen + Ätzmittel + + ether A colorless liquid, slightly soluble in water; used as a reagent, intermediate, anesthetic, and solvent. éther - Ether - ether eteri + ether + Ether + alcohol A group of organic chemical compounds composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen. The molecules in the series vary in chain length and are composed of a hydrocarbon plus a hydroxyl group. Alcohol includes methanol and ethanol. alcool - Alkohol - alcohol alcoli + alcohol + Alkohol + @@ -23608,9 +39505,11 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.ethics The philosophical study of the moral value of human conduct and of the rules and principles that ought to govern it. éthique - Ethik - ethiek etica + ethiek + Ethik + + @@ -23619,27 +39518,32 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.ethnology The science that deals with the study of the origin, distribution, and relations of races or ethnic groups of mankind. ethnologie - Ethnologie - volkenkunde etnologia + volkenkunde + Ethnologie + + + ethology The study of animal behaviour in a natural context. éthologie - Ethologie - ethologie etologia + ethologie + Ethologie + EU Council The Council of the European Union is an institution which exercises legislative and decision-making powers. At the same time, it is the forum in which the representatives of the Governments of the 15 Member States can assert their interests and try to reach compromises. The Council ensures general coordination of the activities of the European Community, the main objective of which is the establishment of an internal market, i.e. an area without internal frontiers guaranteeing four freedoms of movement - for goods, persons, services and capital - to which should soon be added a single currency. In addition, the Council is responsible for intergovernmental cooperation, in common foreign and security policy (CFSP) and in the areas of justice and home affairs (JHA), including for example matters of immigration and asylum, combating terrorism and drugs and judicial cooperation. Conseil de l'Union Européenne - Rat der Europäischen Union - EG-Raad Consiglio dell'UE + EG-Raad + Rat der Europäischen Union + @@ -23647,18 +39551,20 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.Euratom A precursor to the European Community, the European Atomic Energy Community was founded in 1958 by the European Common Market to conduct research, develop nuclear energy, create a common market for nuclear fuels and supervise the nuclear industry so as to prevent abuse and protect health. Euratom - Europäische Atomgemeinschaft - Euratom Euratom + Euratom + Europäische Atomgemeinschaft + Europe The second smallest continent, forming the W extension of Eurasia: the border with Asia runs from the Urals to the Caspian and the Black Sea. The coastline is generally extremely indented and there are several peninsulas (notably Scandinavia, Italy and Iberia) and offshore islands (including the British Isles and Iceland). It contains a series of great mountain systems in the south (Pyrenees, Alps, Apennines, Carpathians, Caucasus), a large central plain, and a N region of lakes and mountains in Scandinavia. Europe - Europa - Europa Europa + Europa + Europa + @@ -23667,72 +39573,81 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.European Commission The European Union's administrative body, composed of twenty independent members appointed by the Member States for five-year terms and vested with powers of initiative, implementation, management and control according to the mandates established in EU Treaties or handed down by the EU Council. Commission Européenne - Europäische Kommission - Europese Commissie Commissione Europea + Europese Commissie + Europäische Kommission + European Court of Justice The supreme court of The European Union which oversees the application of the EU treaties, decides upon the validity and the meaning of Community legislation and determines whether any act or omission by the European Commission, the Council of Minister or any member state constitutes a breach of Community law. Cour de Justice Européenne - Europäischer Gerichtshof - Europees Hof van Justitie Corte di Giustizia Europea + Europees Hof van Justitie + Europäischer Gerichtshof + European Environment Agency The EEA is being set up to provide the European Community and its member states with objective, reliable and standardized information on the environment. It will assess the success of existing environmental policies and the data will be used to develop new policies for environmental protection measures. It will gather information covering the present, and foreseeable, state of the environment. The priority area are: air quality and emissions; water quality, pollutants and resources; soil quality, flora and fauna, and biotopes; land use and natural resources; waste management; noise pollution; chemicals; and protection of coastal areas. The Agency will also take into account the socio-economics dimension, cover transboundary and international matters, and avoid the duplication of the activities of other bodies. Agence européenne pour l'environnement - Europäische Umweltagentur - Europees Milieuagentschap Agenzia Europea per l'Ambiente + Europees Milieuagentschap + Europäische Umweltagentur + European Environmental Council Conseil européen de l'environnement - Europäischer Umweltrat - Europese Milieuraad Consiglio Europeo dell'Ambiente + Europese Milieuraad + Europäischer Umweltrat + accident source The cause or origin of an unexpected occurrence, failure or loss with the potential for harming human life, property or the environment. source d'accident - Unfallsursache - oorzaak van een ongeluk sorgente dell'incidente + oorzaak van een ongeluk + Unfallsursache + European nature reserve réserve naturelle européenne - Europareservat - EuroPees natuurreservaat riserva naturale europea + EuroPees natuurreservaat + Europareservat + + European Parliament Formerly the "Assembly" of EEC. Comprises some 520 "representatives of the peoples" of European Community states, directly elected, and based in Strasbourg. Exercises advisory and supervisory powers; debates and passes resolutions and may veto admission of new member states. Parlement Européen - Europäisches Parlament - Europees Parlement Parlamento Europeo + Europees Parlement + Europäisches Parlament + European Union - The 15 nations (Belgium, Denmark, France, Germany, Greece, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, the Netherlands, Portugal, Spain, the UK, Austria, Finland and Sweden) that have joined together to form an economic community with common monetary, political and social aspirations. The EU came into being on 1 November 1993 according to the terms of the Maastricht Treaty; it comprises the three European Communities, extended by the adoption of a common foreign and security policy which requires cooperation between member states in foreign policy and security and cooperation in justice and home affairs. + . Union européenne - Europäische Union - Europese Unie Unione Europea + Europese Unie + Europäische Union + @@ -23756,9 +39671,12 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.eutrophication A process of pollution that occurs when a lake or stream becomes over-rich in plant nutrient; as a consequence it becomes overgrown in algae and other aquatic plants. The plants die and decompose. In decomposing the plants rob the water of oxygen and the lake, river or stream becomes lifeless. Nitrate fertilizers which drain from the fields, nutrients from animal wastes and human sewage are the primary causes of eutrophication. They have high biological oxygen demand (BOD). eutrophisation - Eutrophierung - eutrofiëring eutrofizzazione + eutrofiëring + Eutrophierung + + + @@ -23767,9 +39685,10 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.alga Simple, green, aquatic plants without stems, roots or leaves. They are among the microscopic organisms that form the start of the food chain. Algae are found floating in the sea and fresh water, but they also grow on the surface of damp walls, rocks, the bark of trees and on soil. They contain chlorophyll and other pigments that let them grow by photosynthesis. On land, algae can be useful in improving the fertility of soil by nitrogen fixation. algue - Algen - wieren alghe + wieren + Algen + @@ -23777,9 +39696,11 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. evaluation évaluation - Bewertung - evaluatie valutazione + evaluatie + Bewertung + + @@ -23795,18 +39716,20 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.evaluation criterion A standard, norm, value or measurement by which the quantity or quality of a process, object or person's work performance is ascertained through an analysis and judgment of the relevant information in context and in view of established goals, objectives and standards. critère d'évaluation - Bewertungskriterium - evaluatiecriterium criterio di valutazione + evaluatiecriterium + Bewertungskriterium + evaluation method méthode d'évaluation - Bewertungsverfahren - evaluatiemethode metodo di valutazione + evaluatiemethode + Bewertungsverfahren + @@ -23814,9 +39737,12 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. evaluation of technology évaluation de technologie - Technologiebewertung - evaluatie van technologie valutazione della tecnologia + evaluatie van technologie + Technologiebewertung + + + @@ -23824,18 +39750,22 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.evaporation Conversion from a liquid or solid state to a vapour. évaporation - Evaporation - verdamping evaporazione + verdamping + Evaporation + + + evapotranspiration Discharge of water from the earth's surface to the atmosphere by evaporation from lakes, streams and soil surfaces and by transpiration from plants. Also known as fly-off. évapotranspiration - Evapotranspiration - verdamping(stranspiratie) evapotraspirazione + verdamping(stranspiratie) + Evapotranspiration + @@ -23843,9 +39773,10 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.evolution The biological theory or process whereby species of plants and animals change with the passage of time so that their descendants differ from their ancestors, i.e. development from earlier forms by hereditary transmission of slight variations in successive generations. évolution - Evolution - evolutie evoluzione + evolutie + Evolution + @@ -23854,36 +39785,45 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.exact science Mathematics and other sciences based on calculation. science exacte - Exakte Wissenschaft - exacte wetenschap(pen) scienze esatte + exacte wetenschap(pen) + Exakte Wissenschaft + excavated hole A pit, cavity, or other uncovered cutting produced by excavation. cavité creusée - Baggerloch - afgraving scavo (fossa) + afgraving + Baggerloch + + excavation (process) The removal of earth from its natural position. creusement - Abgrabung - afgraven scavo (processo) + afgraven + Abgrabung + + + algal bloom Excessive and rapid growth of algae and other aquatic plants when they are stimulated to grow too quickly by pollution. It takes place when there are too many nutrients in the water and is aggravated when accompanied by a rise in temperature. Although the algae grow quickly they soon die because they have swallowed up all the water's nutrients. As they decompose they tend to rise to the surface and form a green slime. Algal bloom have increased because higher levels of nitrogen and phosphates from agricultural areas have leached from the fields into water courses. prolifération d'algues - Algenblüte - algengroei proliferazione algale + algengroei + Algenblüte + + + @@ -23892,18 +39832,22 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.excavation heap Residue in form of a heap, consisting of earth or other material, produced by excavation. tas de déblai - Abgrabungshalde - afgegraven grond materiale di scavo + afgegraven grond + Abgrabungshalde + excavation site The location chosen for an excavation, meaning the act or process of removing soil and/or rock materials by digging, blasting, breaking, loading either at the surface or underground. terrain de déblayement - Abgrabung (Ort) - afgravingplaats scavo + afgravingplaats + Abgrabung (Ort) + + + @@ -23911,18 +39855,23 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. excessive height of chimney stacks hauteur excessive des cheminées d'usine - Schornsteinüberhöhung - overmatige hoogte van schoorstenen altezza eccessiva dei camini + overmatige hoogte van schoorstenen + Schornsteinüberhöhung + + + + executive order An order or regulation issued by the president or some administrative authority under his direction for the purpose of interpreting, implementing or giving administrative effect to a provision of the constitution or of some law or treaty. mandat exécutif - Durchführungsverordnung - uitvoeringsbevel provvedimento esecutivo + uitvoeringsbevel + Durchführungsverordnung + @@ -23930,18 +39879,22 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.1) A duct or pipe through which waste material is emitted. 2) A combination of components which provides for enclosed flow of exhaust gas from engine parts to the atmosphere. dispositif d'évacuation - Auspuffanlage - uitlaat dispositivo di scarico + uitlaat + Auspuffanlage + + + exhaust gas Offgas produced during combustion processes discharged directly or ultimately to the atmosphere. gaz d'échappement - Auspuffgas - uitlaatgas gas di scarico + uitlaatgas + Auspuffgas + @@ -23953,9 +39906,12 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.existing chemical Chemical products existing before 18-09-1981. produits chimiques existant - Altstoff (ChemG) - bestaande chemicalieën prodotti chimici già esistenti alla data del 18.09.1981 + bestaande chemicalieën + Altstoff (ChemG) + + + @@ -23963,9 +39919,10 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.exotic species Plants, animals or microorganisms which are introduced by humans into areas where they are not native. Exotics are often associated with negative ecological consequences for native species and the ecosystems. espèce exotique - Exot - uitheemse soorten specie esotica + uitheemse soorten + Exot + @@ -23973,9 +39930,10 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.expenditure Spending by consumers, investors, or government for goods or services. dépense - Ausgabe - besteding spesa + besteding + Ausgabe + @@ -23985,18 +39943,21 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.algicide Any substance or chemical applied to kill or control algal growth. algicide - Algizid - algendodende stof algicida + algendodende stof + Algizid + + experiment A test under controlled conditions that is made to demonstrate a known truth, examine the validity of a hypothesis, or determine the efficacy of something previously untried. expérience scientifique - Experiment - experiment esperimento + experiment + Experiment + @@ -24008,45 +39969,54 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.expert system A computer configuration of hardware and software that simulates the judgment and behavior of a human or an organization with extensive knowledge in a particular field, often by giving answers, solutions or diagnoses. système expert - Expertensystem - expertensysteem sistema esperto + expertensysteem + Expertensystem + + exploration The search for economic deposits of minerals, ore, gas, oil, or coal by geological surveys, geophysical prospecting, boreholes and trial pits, or surface or underground headings, drifts, or tunnels. exploration - Exploration - verkenning esplorazione + verkenning + Exploration + + explosion A violent, sudden release of energy resulting from powders or gases undergoing instantaneous ignition or from some other means of detonation, often accompanied by a force producing great amounts of heat, major structural damages, shock waves and flying shrapnel. explosion - Explosion - ontploffing esplosione + ontploffing + Explosion + explosive A substance, such as trinitrotoluene, or a mixture, such as gunpowder, that is characterized by chemical stability but may be made to undergo rapid chemical change without an outside source of oxygen, whereupon it produces a large quantity of energy generally accompanied by the evolution of hot gases. explosif - Explosivstoff - springstof esplosivo + springstof + Explosivstoff + + export To send, take or carry an article of trade or commerce out of the country. To transport merchandise from one country to another in the course of trade. exportation - Ausfuhr - uitvoer esportazione + uitvoer + Ausfuhr + + @@ -24055,27 +40025,37 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.export licence Permission from a government to carry or send abroad and sell a product manufactured within its borders. permis d'exportation - Ausfuhrgenehmigung - uitvoervergunning licenza di esportazione + uitvoervergunning + Ausfuhrgenehmigung + + + export of hazardous wastes Transporting by-products of society that possesses at least one of four characteristics (ignitability, corrosivity, reactivity, or toxicity) to other countries or areas for the conduct of foreign trade. exportation de déchets dangereux - Sonderabfallausfuhr - uitvoer van gevaarlijke afvalstoffen esportazione di rifiuti pericolosi + uitvoer van gevaarlijke afvalstoffen + Sonderabfallausfuhr + + + + + + exposure The time for which a material is illuminated or irradiated. exposition - Exposition - blootstelling esposizione + blootstelling + Exposition + @@ -24083,36 +40063,43 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.expropriation To deprive an owner of property, especially by taking it for public use. expropriation - Enteignung - onteigening esproprio + onteigening + Enteignung + + extensive cattle farming Farming system practiced in very large farms, characterized by low levels of inputs per unit area of land; in such situations the stocking rate, the number of livestock units per area , is low. élevage extensif de bétail - Extensive Viehzucht - extensieve veehouderij allevamento estensivo di bestiame bovino + extensieve veehouderij + Extensive Viehzucht + + externality Discrepancies between private costs and social costs or private advantages and social advantages; the basic concept of externality is interdependence without compensation. externalité économique - Externalität - uiterlijke kenmerken costi ambientali esternalizzati (non computati) + uiterlijke kenmerken + Externalität + + alicyclic compound Any substance composed of two or more unlike atoms held together by chemical bonds characterized by straight-chained, branched or cyclic properties. composé alicyclic - Alicyclische Verbindung - alicyclische samenstelling composto aliciclico + alicyclische samenstelling + Alicyclische Verbindung + @@ -24121,9 +40108,10 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.1) The complete disappearance of a species of plant or animal from the planet. 2) Disappearing of animals and plants from the biota. extinction - Aussterben - het uitsterven estinzione + het uitsterven + Aussterben + @@ -24131,18 +40119,23 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.extinct species (IUCN) Animal or plant species which have completely disappeared from the planet. espèce éteinte - Ausgestorbene Art - uitgestorven soorten (IUCN) specie estinta (IUCN) + uitgestorven soorten (IUCN) + Ausgestorbene Art + + extraction Any process by which a pure metal is obtained from its ore. extraction - Extraktion - winning estrazione (attività) + winning + Extraktion + + + @@ -24156,18 +40149,21 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.alicyclic hydrocarbon A class of organic compounds containing only carbon and hydrogen atoms joined to form one or more rings and having the properties of both aliphatic and cyclic substances. hydrocarbures cycloaliphatiques - Alicyclischer Kohlenwasserstoff - cycloalifatische koolwaterstof idrocarburi aliciclici + cycloalifatische koolwaterstof + Alicyclischer Kohlenwasserstoff + extractive industry Primary activities involved in the extraction of non-renewable resources. industrie minière - Extraktivindustrie - extractieve bedrijfstakken industria estrattiva + extractieve bedrijfstakken + Extraktivindustrie + + @@ -24176,45 +40172,54 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.fabric Any cloth made from yarn or fibres by weaving, knitting, felting, etc. tissu - Gewebe - geweven stof tessuto (prodotto) + geweven stof + Gewebe + factor market Significant elements or reasons for an outcome in the buying, selling, and trading of particular goods or services. marché des facteurs de production - Faktormarkt - markt van productiefactoren fattore di mercato + markt van productiefactoren + Faktormarkt + factory farming The technique of capital intensive animal-raising in an artificial environment, used for chicken, egg, turkey, beef, veal and pork production. Animals are restrained in a controlled indoor environment and their food is brought to them. The building take on the appearance of industrial units. élevage industriel - Agrarfabrik - intensieve veehouderij agricoltura industriale + intensieve veehouderij + Agrarfabrik + + faecal bacterium Bacteria contained in human and animal faeces. bactérie fécale - Fäkalbakterien - faecesbacterieën batteri fecali + faecesbacterieën + Fäkalbakterien + + + + aliphatic compound Any organic compound of hydrogen and carbon characterized by a straight chain of the carbon atoms. composés aliphatiques - Aliphatische Verbindungen - alifatische verbinding composto alifatico + alifatische verbinding + Aliphatische Verbindungen + @@ -24223,9 +40228,13 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.fallout The descent of airborne solid or liquid particles to the ground, which occurs when the speed at which they fall due to gravity exceeds that of any upward motion of the air surrounding them. retombée - Fallout - radioactieve neerslag fallout + radioactieve neerslag + Fallout + + + + @@ -24236,18 +40245,22 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.fallow area Land area normally used for crop production but left unsown for one or more growing seasons. zone en friche - Brachfläche - braakliggend gebied area incolta + braakliggend gebied + Brachfläche + + fallow land Arable land not under rotation that is set at rest for a period of time ranging from one to five years before it is cultivated again, or land usually under permanent crops, meadows or pastures, which is not being used for that purpose for a period of at least one year. Arable land which is normally used for the cultivation of temporary crops but which is temporarily used for grazing is included. friche agricole - Brachland - braakliggend terrein maggese + braakliggend terrein + Brachland + + @@ -24255,18 +40268,20 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.family A group comprising parents, offsprings and others closely related or associated with them. famille - Familie - familie famiglia + familie + Familie + family planning The control of the number of children in a family and of the intervals between them, especially by the use of contraceptives. planning familial - Familienplanung - gezinsplanning pianificazione familiare + gezinsplanning + Familienplanung + @@ -24274,18 +40289,22 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.aliphatic hydrocarbon Hydrocarbons having an open chain of carbon atoms, whether normal or forked, saturated or unsaturated. hydrocarbures aliphatiques - Aliphatischer Kohlenwasserstoff - alifatische koolwaterstof idrocarburi alifatici + alifatische koolwaterstof + Aliphatischer Kohlenwasserstoff + famine A severe shortage of food, as through crop failure or over population. It may be due to poor harvests following drought, floods, earthquake, war, social conflict, etc. famine - Hungersnot - hongersnood carestia + hongersnood + Hungersnot + + + @@ -24293,9 +40312,11 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.farm animal Animals reared in farms for working and producing food such as meat, eggs and milk. animal d'élevage - Vieh - landbouw(huis)dier animale di fattoria + landbouw(huis)dier + Vieh + + @@ -24306,9 +40327,11 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.farm building The dwelling on a farm as distinguished from utility buildings as a barn, corncrib, milk house. ferme (bâtiment) - Bauernhof - boerderij casa colonica + boerderij + Bauernhof + + @@ -24316,18 +40339,21 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.alkali land Any geomorphic area, often a level lake-like plain, with soil containing a high percentage of mineral salts, located especially in arid regions. terre alcaline - Alkalischer Boden - alkalische bodem terreni alcalini + alkalische bodem + Alkalischer Boden + farm Any tract of land or building used for agricultural purposes, such as for raising crops and livestock. ferme (exploitation) - Bauernhof - landbouwbedrijf tenuta agricola + landbouwbedrijf + Bauernhof + + @@ -24335,18 +40361,20 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. fast traffic trafic à grande vitesse - Schnellverkehr - snelverkeer traffico veloce + snelverkeer + Schnellverkehr + fauna The entire animal life of a given region, habitat or geological stratum. faune - Fauna - fauna fauna + fauna + Fauna + @@ -24356,36 +40384,40 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.federal authority The power of a central government agency or its administrators to carry out the terms of the law creating the agency as well as to administer and implement regulations, laws and government policies. autorité fédérale - Bundesbehörde - federale overheid autorità federale + federale overheid + Bundesbehörde + federal government A system in which a country or nation formed by a union or confederation of independent states is governed by a central authority or organization. gouvernement fédéral - Bundesregierung - federale regering governo federale + federale regering + Bundesregierung + federal law A binding rule or body of rules established by a government that has been constituted as a union of independent political units or states. loi fédérale (D) - Bundesrecht - federaal recht (D) legislazione federale + federaal recht (D) + Bundesrecht + fee A charge fixed by law for services of public officers or for use of a privilege under control of government. frais administratifs - Gebühr - honorarium retribuzione + honorarium + Gebühr + @@ -24394,9 +40426,10 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.feeding of animals The act and effect of supplying animals with food. alimentation des animaux - Tierfütterung - het voeren van dieren alimentazione di animali + het voeren van dieren + Tierfütterung + @@ -24404,18 +40437,24 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.fen Waterlogged, spongy ground containing alkaline decaying vegetation, characterized by reeds, that may develop into peat. It sometimes occurs in the sinkholes of karst region. fagne - Niedermoor - ven torbiera alcalina + ven + Niedermoor + + fermentation Any enzymatic transformation of organic substrates, especially carbohydrates, generally accompanied by the evolution of gas; a physiological counterpart of oxidation, permitting certain organisms to live and grow in the absence of air; used in various industrial processes for the manufacture of products, such as alcohols, acids, and cheese by the action of yeasts, molds, and bacteria; alcoholic fermentation is the best-known example. Also known as zymosis. fermentation - Fermentation - gisting fermentazione + gisting + Fermentation + + + + @@ -24425,18 +40464,22 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.fern Any of a large number of vascular plants composing the division Polypodiophyta, without flowers and fruits. fougère - Farnpflanze - varens felci + varens + Farnpflanze + fertiliser Substance added to soil for the purpose of promoting plant life, usually containing nitrogen, potassium and phosphorus, e.g. manure, guano, rock phosphates. engrais - Düngemittel - meststof fertilizzante + meststof + Düngemittel + + + @@ -24450,9 +40493,12 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. fertiliser law loi sur les engrais - Düngemittelgesetz - meststoffenwet legge sull'uso dei fertilizzanti + meststoffenwet + Düngemittelgesetz + + + @@ -24461,9 +40507,10 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.fibre An extremely long, pliable, cohesive natural or manufactured threadlike object from which yarns are spun to be woven into textiles. fibre - Faser - vezel fibra + vezel + Faser + @@ -24472,18 +40519,22 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.fibreglass A material made from small fibres of glass twisted together, which is used for keeping buildings warm, or a plastic strengthened by these fibres and used for making structures such as the outsides of cars and boats. fibre de verre - Glasfaser - glasvezel fibra di vetro + glasvezel + Glasfaser + + field A limited area of land with grass or crops growing on it, which is usually surrounded by fences or closely planted bushes when it is part of a farm. champ - Ackerland - akker campo + akker + Ackerland + + @@ -24491,9 +40542,12 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.field damage A decline in the productivity of an area of land or in its ability to support natural ecosystems or types of agriculture. Degradation may be caused by a variety of factors, including inappropriate land management techniques, soil erosion, salinity, flooding, clearing, pests, pollution, climatic factors, or progressive urbanization. détérioration du terrain - Flurschaden - schade aan akkers danno al terreno + schade aan akkers + Flurschaden + + + @@ -24501,45 +40555,55 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.field experiment Experiment carried out on a substance or on an organism in the open air as opposed to in a laboratory. expérience de terrain - Freilandversuch - veldproef prova sul campo + veldproef + Freilandversuch + field study Scientific study made in the open air to collect information that can not be obtained in a laboratory. étude de terrain - Feldstudie - veldonderzoek ricerca sul campo + veldonderzoek + Feldstudie + filling material Any substance used to fill the holes and irregularities in planed or sanded surfaces so as to decrease the porosity of the surface for finish coatings. matériau de remplissage - Füllmaterial - vulmiddel materiale di riempimento + vulmiddel + Füllmaterial + filling station A place where petrol and other supplies for motorists are sold. station-service - Tankstelle - tankstation distributore di carburante + tankstation + Tankstelle + + + + + film A motion picture; a thin flexible strip of cellulose coated with a photographic emission, used to make negatives and transparencies. film - Film - film film + film + Film + + @@ -24548,9 +40612,11 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.filter A porous material for separating suspended particulate matter from liquids by passing the liquid through the pores in the filter and sieving out the solids. filtre - Filter - filter filtro + filter + Filter + + @@ -24561,9 +40627,11 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.filter cake Accumulated solids, wet or dry, generated by any filtration process, including accumulation on fabric filters in air filtering processes, or accumulation of wet solids in liquid filtering processes. gâteau de filtration - Filterrückstand - filterkoek residuo di filtrazione + filterkoek + Filterrückstand + + @@ -24571,9 +40639,10 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.alkali soil Soil that contains sufficient exchangeable sodium to interfere with water penetration and crop growth, either with or without appreciable quantities of soluble salts. sol alcalin - Alkalischer Boden - alkalische bodem suoli alcalini + alkalische bodem + Alkalischer Boden + @@ -24581,9 +40650,12 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.filtration Separation of suspended particles from a liquid, gas, etc., by the action of a filter. filtration - Filtration - filtratie filtrazione (chimica) + filtratie + Filtration + + + @@ -24596,18 +40668,22 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.final storage A system where inert materials, which are not to be mobilized by natural processes even for long time periods, are confined by three barriers: the natural impermeable surroundings, an artificial barrier (such as liner) which can be controlled and, most important, the inert material itself. The concept of final storage includes the possibility to mine the materials in the future if such materials are sufficiently "clean" (mono-landfills) and if it becomes economic to mine such ores. stockage final - Endlagerung - eindopslag immagazzinamento finale + eindopslag + Endlagerung + + + finances The monetary resources or revenue of a government, company, organization or individual. finances - Finanzen - financiën finanza + financiën + Finanzen + @@ -24627,9 +40703,10 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.financial assistance Help and support provided on matters concerning money. aide au financement - Finanzierungshilfe - financiële ondersteuning assistenza finanziaria + financiële ondersteuning + Finanzierungshilfe + @@ -24637,35 +40714,39 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.financial compensation The financial reparations that a claimant seeks or a court awards for injuries sustained or property harmed by another. dédommagement financier - Finanzielle Entschädigung - financiële vergoeding risarcimento pecuniario + financiële vergoeding + Finanzielle Entschädigung + financial contribution Something given, including any form of income or price support; individual investor's monetary offering or contribution to common fund or stock; government agency's or lending aid agency's subsidy, grant, or other contribution to help bolster an economy. contribution financière - Finanzieller Beitrag - financiële bijdrage contributo finanziario + financiële bijdrage + Finanzieller Beitrag + financial instrument A generic term that refers to the many different forms of financing a business may use. For example - loans, shares, and bonds are all considered financing instruments. instrument financier - Finanzinstrument - financieel instrumenten strumento finanziario + financieel instrumenten + Finanzinstrument + financial law loi de finances - Finanzrecht - financiële wet legge finanziaria + financiële wet + Finanzrecht + @@ -24673,9 +40754,10 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.financial market A place or institution in which buyers and sellers meet and trade monetary assets, including stocks, bonds, securities and money. marché financier - Finanzmarkt - financiële markt mercato finanziario + financiële markt + Finanzmarkt + @@ -24684,9 +40766,10 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.financing Procurement of monetary resources or credit to operate a business or acquire assets. financement - Finanzierung - financiering finanziamento + financiering + Finanzierung + @@ -24698,18 +40781,20 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.fine A pecuniary punishment or penalty imposed by lawful tribunal upon person convicted of crime or misdemeanor. amende - Bussgeld - boete multa + boete + Bussgeld + fine dust Air-borne solid particles, originating from human activity and natural sources, such as wind-blown soil and fires, that eventually settle through the force of gravity, and can cause injury to human and other animal respiratory systems through excessive inhalation. fine poussière - Feinstaub - fijne stof polvere fine + fijne stof + Feinstaub + @@ -24717,9 +40802,10 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.fire The state of combustion in which inflammable material burns, producing heat, flames and often smoke. incendie - Brand - brand incendio + brand + Brand + @@ -24728,9 +40814,10 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.fire precaution Measure, action or installation implemented in advance to avert the possibility of any unexpected and potentially harmful combustion of materials. prévention des incendies - Brandvorbeugung - voorzorgsmaatregel tegen brand misura antincendio + voorzorgsmaatregel tegen brand + Brandvorbeugung + @@ -24739,18 +40826,20 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.fireproofing agent A chemical used as a coating for or a component of a combustible material to reduce or eliminate a tendency to burn; used with textiles, plastics, rubbers, paints, and other materials. agent d'ignifugation - Brandschutzmittel - brandwerend middel agente ignifugo + brandwerend middel + Brandschutzmittel + alkane Paraffins. A homologous series of saturated hydrocarbons having the general formula CnH2n+2. Their systematic names end in -ane. They are chemically inert, stable, and flammable. The first four members of the series (methane, ethane, propane, butane) are gases at ordinary temperatures; the next eleven are liquids, and form the main constituents of paraffin oil; the higher members are solids. Paraffin waxs consists mainly of higher alkanes. alcane - Alkan - alkeen alcani + alkeen + Alkan + @@ -24758,9 +40847,10 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.fire protection All necessary precautions to see that fire is not initiated, by ensuring that all necessary fire fighting apparatus is in good order and available for use if fire should break out, and by ensuring that personnel are properly trained and drilled in fighting fire. protection contre le feu - Brandschutz - brandbescherming protezione contro gli incendi + brandbescherming + Brandschutz + @@ -24769,18 +40859,22 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.fire safety requirement Rules to be followed and safety systems to be adopted for preventing or fighting fire. règles de prévention incendies - Brandschutzauflage - brandveiligheidsvoorschrift requisiti per la prevenzione degli incendi + brandveiligheidsvoorschrift + Brandschutzauflage + fire service Technical organisation with trained personnel for dealing with fires and other incidents and for co-operating in their prevention. service d'incendie - Feuerwehr - brandweer vigili del fuoco + brandweer + Feuerwehr + + + @@ -24788,9 +40882,12 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.firing The process of applying fire or heat, as in the hardening or glazing of ceramics. cuisson - Feuerung - het vuren cottura a fuoco + het vuren + Feuerung + + + @@ -24800,9 +40897,11 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.firm A commercial partnership of two or more persons, especially when incorporated. firme - Betriebe - ondernemingen aziende + ondernemingen + Betriebe + + @@ -24818,9 +40917,12 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. fish disease maladie ichtyologique - Fischkrankheit - visziekte malattia dei pesci + visziekte + Fischkrankheit + + + @@ -24828,9 +40930,10 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.fishery The industry of catching, processing and selling fish. pêche (général) - Fischerei - visserij pesca (attività) + visserij + Fischerei + @@ -24851,9 +40954,10 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.fisheries management The administration and handling of aspects of the fishing industry, including the catching, processing and selling of fish. gestion de la pêche - Fischereiwirtschaft - visserijbeheer sfruttamento razionale della pesca industriale + visserijbeheer + Fischereiwirtschaft + @@ -24862,9 +40966,12 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. fishery resource ressource halieutique - Fischbestände - visbestanden risorse ittiche + visbestanden + Fischbestände + + + @@ -24873,18 +40980,22 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.fishery economics The production, distribution, and consumption of fish and seafood and all financial aspects of the fishing and seafood industry. économie de la pêche - Fischereiökonomie - visserijeconomie economia della pesca + visserijeconomie + Fischereiökonomie + + fishery policy Common Fisheries Policy which covers all fishing activities, the farming of living aquatic resources, and their processing and marketing, on the legal basis of Article 39 of the Treaty of Rome. It was agreed between members of the European Community in 1983. It lays down annual catch limits for major species of fish, a 12-mile exclusive fishing zone for each state, and an equal-access zone of 200 nautical miles from its coast within which any member state is allowed to fish. politique de la pêche - Fischereipolitik - visserijbeleid politica della pesca industriale + visserijbeleid + Fischereipolitik + + @@ -24892,9 +41003,11 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.fish Cold-blooded aquatic vertebrates. poisson - Fisch - vis pesci + vis + Fisch + + @@ -24903,9 +41016,10 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.fish farming Raising of fish in inland waters, estuaries or coastal waters. pisciculture - Fischzucht - viskwekerij piscicoltura + viskwekerij + Fischzucht + @@ -24913,9 +41027,11 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.fishing The attempt to catch fish or other aquatic animal with a hook or with nets, traps, etc. pêche (action) - Fischerei - het vissen pesca (ricreazione) + het vissen + Fischerei + + @@ -24927,18 +41043,23 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.alkyl compound Compound containing one or more alkyl radicals. composé alkylique - Alkylverbindung - alkyl-verbinding composto alchilico + alkyl-verbinding + Alkylverbindung + fishing industry Industry for the handling, processing, and packing of fish or shellfish for market or shipment. industrie de la pêche - Fischindustrie - visserijsector industria della pesca + visserijsector + Fischindustrie + + + + @@ -24946,9 +41067,11 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.fishing law Rules concerning fishing activities; in international law the matter is ruled by the 1958 Geneva Convention. loi sur la pêche - Fischereirecht - visserijwet legislazione sulla pesca + visserijwet + Fischereirecht + + @@ -24956,9 +41079,14 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.fishing preserve Limited portion of a water body where angling is allowed. réserve de pêche - Fischereischutzgebiet - visreservaat riserva di pesca + visreservaat + Fischereischutzgebiet + + + + + @@ -24966,18 +41094,23 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. fishing vessel bateau de pêche - Fischereifahrzeug - vissersboot peschereccio + vissersboot + Fischereifahrzeug + + fish kill Fish diseases observed in the past three decades and which have been attributed to pollution include: haemorrhages; tumours; fin rot; deformed fins; and missing scales and tails. In industrialized countries, increasing numbers of fish are deemed inedible. Many small kills are not noticed or are not reported, and large kills are often not included because of insufficient information to determine whether the kills were caused by pollution or by natural factors. Low dissolved oxygen levels resulting from excessive sewage is one of the leading causes. The second most common cause is pesticides. destruction des poissons - Fischsterben - vissterfte moria di pesci + vissterfte + Fischsterben + + + @@ -24986,17 +41119,23 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.fish stock Quantity of fish held for future use. stock de poisson - Fischbestand - vis(be)stand patrimonio ittico + vis(be)stand + Fischbestand + + fish toxicity toxicité des poissons - Fischtoxizität - toxiciteit van vissen tossicità del pesce + toxiciteit van vissen + Fischtoxizität + + + + @@ -25004,26 +41143,29 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.fitting (plumbing) Plumbing equipment in a building. plomberie (bâtiment) - Armatur - hulpstukken accessori idraulici + hulpstukken + Armatur + fixed schedule of charges plan d'échelonnement des coûts - fester Kostenzeitplan - vaste belastingsschaal spese di rimborso fisse + vaste belastingsschaal + fester Kostenzeitplan + flag of convenience Practice of registering a merchant vessel with a country that has favourable (i.e. less restrictive ) safety requirements, registration fees, etc. pavillon de complaisance - Billigflaggen - goedkope vlag bandiere ombra + goedkope vlag + Billigflaggen + @@ -25031,54 +41173,66 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.1) Flares use open flames during normal and/or emergency operations to combust hazardous gaseous. The system has no special features to control temperature or time of combustion; however, supplemental fuel may be required to sustain the combustion. Historically, flares have been used to dispose of waste gases in the oil and gas industry and at wastewater treatment plants having anaerobic digestors. Regulation for thermal destruction of hazardous wastes limit the practical use of flaring to combustion of relatively simple hydrocarbons, such as methane from digesters or landfill gas collection systems. 2) A control device that burns hazardous materials to prevent their release into the environment; may operate continuously or intermittently, usually on top a stack. brûlage à la torche - Abfackelung - affakkelen degassamento + affakkelen + Abfackelung + + + + + rapid test Tests performed in the medical field whose results are available very quickly. test rapide - Schnelltest - snelle proef test veloce + snelle proef + Schnelltest + flavouring A substance, such as an extract or a spice, that imparts flavor. arôme - Aromastoff - smaakstof aroma (sostanza) + smaakstof + Aromastoff + flea Any of the wingless insects composing the order Siphonaptera; most are ectoparasites of mammals and birds. puce - Floh - vlooien pulci + vlooien + Floh + allergen Any antigen, such as pollen, a drug, or food, that induces an allergic state in humans or animals. allergène - Allergen - allergeen allergene + allergeen + Allergen + + flexible approach to environmental protection Plans, referred to in various rules as emissions averaging, or flexible compliance plans, allow facilities to undercontrol some emission points that are too costly to control to mandated levels as long as these units are balanced by overcontrolling other emission units that are more cost-effective to control. réglementation souple de la protection de l'environnement - Flexible Umweltschutzauflage - soepele benadering van milieubescherming flessibilità dell'approccio ambientale + soepele benadering van milieubescherming + Flexible Umweltschutzauflage + + @@ -25086,18 +41240,24 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.flocculant A reagent added to a dispersion of solids in a liquid to bring together the fine particles to form flocs. floculant - Flockungsmittel - vlokmiddel flocculante + vlokmiddel + Flockungsmittel + + flocculation A process of contact and adhesion whereby the particles of a dispersed substance form large clusters or the aggregation of particles in a colloid to form small lumps, which then settle out. floculation - Ausflockung - vlokvorming flocculazione + vlokvorming + Ausflockung + + + + @@ -25105,9 +41265,11 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.flood An unusual accumulation of water above the ground caused by high tide, heavy rain, melting snow or rapid runoff from paved areas. crue - Hochwasser - overstroming piena + overstroming + Hochwasser + + @@ -25120,9 +41282,11 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.flood control Measures taken to prevent or reduce harm caused by an unusual accumulation of water above the ground, often involving the construction of reservoirs and channeling structures. lutte contre les inondations - Hochwasserbekämpfung - overstromingsbeheersing controllo delle inondazioni + overstromingsbeheersing + Hochwasserbekämpfung + + @@ -25132,9 +41296,10 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.flooding A general and temporary condition of partial or complete inundation of normally dry land areas from the overflow of inland and/or tidal waters, and/or the unusual and rapid accumulation or runoff of surface waters from any source. A great flow along a watercourse or a flow causing inundation of lands not normally covered by water. inondation - Überschwemmung - overstroming allagamento + overstroming + Überschwemmung + @@ -25146,36 +41311,44 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.flora (biology) The plant life characterizing a specific geographic region or environment. flore - Flora - flora (gezamenlijke vegetatie) flora (biologia) + flora (gezamenlijke vegetatie) + Flora + flora restoration The process of returning plant ecosystems and habitats to their original conditions. restauration de la flore - Florenwiederherstellung - floraherstel ricupero della flora + floraherstel + Florenwiederherstellung + + + flotation A process used to separate particulate solids by causing one group of particles to float; utilizes differences in surface chemical properties of the particles, some of which are entirely wetted by water, others are not. flottation - Flotation - flotatie flottazione + flotatie + Flotation + + + flow The forward continuous movement of a fluid through closed or open channels or conduits. débit - Fluß (Bewegung) - stroom corrente + stroom + Fluß (Bewegung) + @@ -25183,18 +41356,20 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.flower The reproductive structure of angiosperm plants, consisting of stamens and carpels surrounded by petals and sepals all borne on the receptacle. fleur - Blume - bloem fiore + bloem + Blume + flowering plant Plants capable of producing conspicuous flowers. plante à fleur - Blütenpflanzen - zaadplanten piante con fiori + zaadplanten + Blütenpflanzen + @@ -25211,36 +41386,42 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.flow field The velocity and the density of a fluid as functions of position and time. champ d'un écoulement - Strömungsfeld - doorstromingsveld campo di moto + doorstromingsveld + Strömungsfeld + + + flowing water Moving waters like rivers and streams. eau courante - Fließgewässer - stromend water acque lotiche + stromend water + Fließgewässer + flue gas The gaseous combustion product generated by a furnace and often exhausted through a chimney (flue). gaz de carneau - Rauchgas - rookgas gas dei fumi + rookgas + Rauchgas + allergy A condition of abnormal sensitivity in certain individuals to contact with substances such as proteins, pollens, bacteria, and certain foods. This contact may result in exaggerated physiologic responses such as hay fever, asthma, and in severe enough situations, anaphylactic shock. allergie - Allergie - allergie allergia + allergie + Allergie + @@ -25248,18 +41429,22 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.fluidics A control technology that employs fluid dynamic phenomena to perform sensing, control, information, processing, and actuation functions without the use of moving mechanical parts. fluidique - Strömungslehre - fluïdica fluidica + fluïdica + Strömungslehre + fluidisation A roasting process in which finely divided solids are suspended in a rising current of air (or other fluid), producing a fluidized bed; used in the calcination of various materials, in the coal industry, etc. fluidisation - Wirbelschichtverfahren - het vloeibaar maken fluidizzazione + het vloeibaar maken + Wirbelschichtverfahren + + + @@ -25268,54 +41453,70 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.1) A system for burning solid carbonaceous fuel efficiently and at a relatively low temperature, thus minimizing the emission of pollutants. The fuel is crushed to very small particles or a powder and mixed with particles of an inert material. The mixture is fed into a bed through which air is pumped vertically upwards, agitating the particles so they behave like a fluid. The forced circulation of air and the small size and separation of fuel particles ensures efficient burning. 2) A bed of finely divided solid through which air or a gas is blown in a controlled manner so that it behaves as a liquid. lit fluidisé - Wirbelschicht - wervelbed letto fluido + wervelbed + Wirbelschicht + + + fluoridation The addition of the fluorine ion to municipal water supplies in a final concentration of 0.8-1.6 ppm (parts per million) to help prevent dental caries in children. fluoration - Fluoridierung - fluoridering fluorizzazione + fluoridering + Fluoridierung + + + fluorine A gaseous or liquid chemical element; a member of the halide family, it is the most electronegative element and the most chemically energetic of the nonmetallic elements; highly toxic, corrosive, and flammable; used in rocket fuels and as a chemical intermediate. fluor - Fluor - fluor fluoro + fluor + Fluor + fluvial resource Any source of supply derived from a river, particularly its water, which is collected, stored and treated, then distributed for domestic, industrial, farm and other uses. ressources fluviales - Fluvialressourcen - rivier hulpbronnen risorse fluviali + rivier hulpbronnen + Fluvialressourcen + + + river transport Transportation of goods or persons by means of ships travelling on rivers. transport fluvial - Binnengewässertransport - vervoer over rivieren trasporto fluviale + vervoer over rivieren + Binnengewässertransport + + + fly ash Finely divided particles of ash that are entrained in flue gases resulting from the combustion of fuel or other material. The particles of ash may contain incompletely burned fuel and other pollutants. cendre volante - Flugasche - vliegas cenere volante + vliegas + Flugasche + + + @@ -25324,63 +41525,73 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.foaming agent Substances which make it possible to form a homogenous dispersion of a gaseous phase in a liquid or solid medium. agent moussant - Schaumbildner - schuimmiddel agente schiumogeno + schuimmiddel + Schaumbildner + + fodder Bulk feed for livestock, especially hay, straw, etc. fourrage - Futtermittel - voeder foraggio + voeder + Futtermittel + + + fog Water droplets or, rarely, ice crystals suspended in the air in sufficient concentration to reduce visibility appreciably. brouillard - Nebel - mist nebbia + mist + Nebel + mist Fine water droplets suspended in the air, which reduce visibility. Usually mists form at night, when the temperature falls because the sky is clear. If visibility falls below 1,000 metres, the mist becomes a fog. brume - Nebel - mist bruma + mist + Nebel + allocation The assignment or allotment of resources to various uses in accord with a stated goal or policy. affectation - Allokation - bestemming allocazione + bestemming + Allokation + foliage The green leaves of a plant. feuillage - Laub - gebladerte fogliame + gebladerte + Laub + food A material that can be ingested and utilized by the organism as a source of nutrition and energy. aliment - Nahrung - voedsel alimento + voedsel + Nahrung + @@ -25395,9 +41606,11 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.food additive Substances that have no nutritive value in themselves (or are not being used as nutrients) which are added to food during processing to improve colour, texture, flavour, or keeping qualities. additifs alimentaires et colorants - Lebensmittelzusatzstoff - voedseladditief additivo alimentare + voedseladditief + Lebensmittelzusatzstoff + + @@ -25405,9 +41618,10 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.food chain A sequence of organisms on successive trophic levels within a community, through which energy is transferred by feeding; energy enters the food chain during fixation by primary producers (mainly green plants) and passes to the herbivores (primary consumers) and then to the carnivores (secondary and tertiary consumers). chaîne alimentaire - Nahrungskette - voedselketen catena alimentare + voedselketen + Nahrungskette + @@ -25415,9 +41629,12 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.allocation plan The formulation and application of such measures as laws, economic plans, urbanism, etc., to ensure a balance between the population's needs and the country's resources. plan d'affectation - Bebauungsplan - bestemmingsplan piano regolatore + bestemmingsplan + Bebauungsplan + + + @@ -25425,26 +41642,36 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.food colourant Any digestible substance, usually a synthetic dye, which manufacturers add to food to give it color and enhance its appearance. colorant alimentaire - Lebensmittelfarbe - voedselkleurstof colorante alimentare + voedselkleurstof + Lebensmittelfarbe + + food commerce An interchange of any food commodity or related food products, usually on a large scale. commerce d'alimentation - Nahrungsmittelgewerbe - voedselhandel commercio di alimenti + voedselhandel + Nahrungsmittelgewerbe + + + + food contamination contamination des denrées alimentaires - Lebensmittelkontamination - voedselbesmetting contaminazione degli alimenti + voedselbesmetting + Lebensmittelkontamination + + + + @@ -25453,18 +41680,23 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.food hygiene That part of the science of hygiene that deals with the principles and methods of sanitation applied to the quality of foodstuffs, to their processing, preparation, conservation and consumption by man. hygiène alimentaire - Lebensmittelhygiene - voedselhygiëne igiene alimentare + voedselhygiëne + Lebensmittelhygiene + + food industry The commercial production and packaging of foods that are fabricated by processing, by combining various ingredients, or both. industrie alimentaire - Lebensmittelindustrie - voedingsmiddelenindustrie industria alimentare + voedingsmiddelenindustrie + Lebensmittelindustrie + + + @@ -25477,18 +41709,24 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.food irradiation The most recent addition to food preservation technologies is the use of ionizing radiation, which has some distinct advantages over conventional methods. With irradiation, foods can be treated after packaging, thus eliminating post-processing contamination. In addition, foods are preserved in a fresh state and can be kept longer without noticeable loss of quality. Food irradiation leaves no residues, and changes in nutritional value due to irradiation are comparable with those produced by other processes. Irradiation is the process of applying high energy to a material, such as food, to sterilize or extend its shelf-life by killing microorganisms, insects and other pests residing on it. Sources of ionizing radiation that have been used include gamma rays, electron beams and X-rays. Gamma rays are produced by radioactive isotopes such as Cobalt-60. Electron beams are produced by linear accelerators, which themselves are powered by electricity. The dose applied to a product is the most important factor of the process. At high doses, food is essentially sterilized, just as occurs in canning. Products so treated can be stored at room temperature almost indefinitely. Controversial and banned in some countries. irradiation des aliments - Lebensmittelbestrahlung - voedselbestraling irradiazione degli alimenti + voedselbestraling + Lebensmittelbestrahlung + + food pollutant Potentially harmful substances in any food consumed by humans, or other animals, including inorganic and organic chemicals, viruses and bacteria. contaminant alimentaire - Lebensmittelverunreinigung - verontreinigende stof in voedsel inquinante alimentare + verontreinigende stof in voedsel + Lebensmittelverunreinigung + + + + @@ -25496,9 +41734,10 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.food preservation Processing designed to protect food from spoilage caused by microbes, enzymes, and autooxidation. conservation des aliments - Lebensmittelkonservierung - voedselbewaring conservazione degli alimenti + voedselbewaring + Lebensmittelkonservierung + @@ -25508,17 +41747,22 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.food processing industry A commercial establishment in which food is manufactured or packaged for human consumption. industrie alimentaire - Lebensmittelindustrie - voedingsmiddelenindustrie industria della lavorazione degli alimenti + voedingsmiddelenindustrie + Lebensmittelindustrie + + + food production (agriculture) production alimentaire (agriculture) - Lebensmittelerzeugung - voedselproductie (landbouw) produzione alimentare (agricoltura) + voedselproductie (landbouw) + Lebensmittelerzeugung + + @@ -25526,9 +41770,11 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. food quality qualité des denrées alimentaires - Lebensmittelqualität - voedselkwaliteit qualità degli alimenti + voedselkwaliteit + Lebensmittelqualität + + @@ -25537,9 +41783,10 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.food requirement The minimum food ration required for satisfying the essential needs of an organism. besoins alimentaires - Nahrungsmittelbedarf - voedselbehoefte fabbisogno alimentare + voedselbehoefte + Nahrungsmittelbedarf + @@ -25549,18 +41796,22 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.food science The applied science which deals with the chemical, biochemical, physical, physiochemical, and biological properties of foods. science et technologie alimentaire - Lebensmittelkunde - voedselwetenschap scienza dell'alimentazione + voedselwetenschap + Lebensmittelkunde + + food storage Stock of food kept in storage as a national measure to provide security against fluctuations in food supply. stockage des aliments - Lebensmittellagerung - voedselopslag immagazzinamento di derrate alimentari + voedselopslag + Lebensmittellagerung + + @@ -25568,9 +41819,11 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.foodstuff A substance that can be used or prepared for use as food. produit alimentaire - Lebensmittel - voedsel generi alimentari + voedsel + Lebensmittel + + @@ -25595,9 +41848,11 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.food technology The application of science and engineering to the refining, manufacturing, and handling of foods; many food technologists are food scientists rather than engineers. technologie alimentaire - Lebensmitteltechnologie - voedseltechnologie tecnologia alimentare + voedseltechnologie + Lebensmitteltechnologie + + @@ -25605,45 +41860,59 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. food transport transport alimentaire - Lebensmitteltransport - voedselvervoer trasporto di derrate alimentari + voedselvervoer + Lebensmitteltransport + footpath A narrow path for walkers only. sentier pedestre - Fußweg - voetpad passaggio pedonale + voetpad + Fußweg + + + forage contamination Introduction of hazardous or poisonous substances such as arsenic or lead into, or onto, fodder for animals. The animals consume the contaminated feed and can become sick and may die. contamination du fourrage - Futtermittelkontamination - verontreiniging van (ruw)voer contaminazione del foraggio + verontreiniging van (ruw)voer + Futtermittelkontamination + + + + forage law loi sur l'alimentation des animaux d'élevage - Futtermittelgesetz - voederwet legge sui foraggi + voederwet + Futtermittelgesetz + + + + alloy Any of a large number of substances having metallic properties and consisting of two or more elements; with few exceptions, the components are usually metallic elements. alliage - Legierung - legering lega + legering + Legierung + + @@ -25653,9 +41922,10 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.forecast An estimate or prediction of a future condition. prévision - Vorhersage - voorspelling previsione + voorspelling + Vorhersage + @@ -25669,18 +41939,21 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.foreclosure To shut out, to bar, to destroy an equity of redemption. A termination of all rights of the mortgagor or his grantee in the property covered by the mortgage. The process by which a mortgagor of real or personal property, or other owner of property subject to a lien, is deprived of his interest therein. Procedure by which mortgaged property is sold on default of mortgagor in satisfaction of mortgage debt. In common usage, refers to enforcement of lien, trust deed, or mortgage in any method provided by law. saisie - Präklusion - executie (hypotheek) preclusione + executie (hypotheek) + Präklusion + foreign economic relations Dealing in economic or monetary matters with foreign countries. relations économiques extérieures - Außenwirtschaftsbeziehungen - buitenlandse economische betrekkingen rapporti economici con l'estero + buitenlandse economische betrekkingen + Außenwirtschaftsbeziehungen + + @@ -25688,18 +41961,21 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.foreign policy The diplomatic policy of a nation in its interactions with other nations. politique étrangère - Außenpolitik - buitenlands beleid politica estera + buitenlands beleid + Außenpolitik + foreign trade Trade between countries and firms belonging to different countries. commerce extérieur - Außenhandel - buitenlandse handel commercio con l'estero + buitenlandse handel + Außenhandel + + @@ -25709,9 +41985,11 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.forest A vegetation community dominated by trees and other woody shrubs, growing close enough together that the tree tops touch or overlap, creating various degrees of shade on the forest floor. It may produce benefits such as timber, recreation, wildlife habitat, etc. forêt - Forst - bos foresta + bos + Forst + + @@ -25733,17 +42011,20 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.alluvion An overflowing; an inundation or flood, especially when the water is charged with much suspended material. alluvion - Anschwemmung - alluvium alluvione + alluvium + Anschwemmung + forest conservation préservation des forêts - Waldschutz - bosbescherming conservazione delle foreste + bosbescherming + Waldschutz + + @@ -25751,9 +42032,13 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.forest cover destruction Destruction of forests is carried out in many countries in order to provide new land for agricultural or livestock purposes. It is often done without factors such as climate and topography having been sufficiently studied and on lands where slope nature of the soil or other physiographic characteristics clearly indicate that the land involved is suitable only for forest. Although these practices may lead to a temporary increase in productivity, there are also many indications that in the long run there is usually a decrease in productivity per unit of surface and that erosion and irreversible soil deterioration often accompany this process. Many factors contribute to forest cover destruction: timber production, clearance for agriculture, cutting for firewood and charcoal, fires, droughts, strip mining, pollution, urban development, population pressures, and warfare. réduction de la surface boisée - Zerstörung der Waldbedeckung - ontbossing distruzione della copertura forestale + ontbossing + Zerstörung der Waldbedeckung + + + + @@ -25761,9 +42046,11 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.forest damage Reduction of tree population in forests caused by acidic precipitation, forest fires, air pollution, deforestation, pests and diseases of trees, wildlife, etc. dégâts forestiers - Waldschaden - schade aan het bos danno forestale + schade aan het bos + Waldschaden + + @@ -25772,18 +42059,24 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.forest ecosystem Any forest environment, in which plants and animals interact with the chemical and physical features of the environment, in which they live. ecosystème forestier - Waldökosystem - bosecosysteem ecosistema forestale + bosecosysteem + Waldökosystem + + + forest fire A conflagration in or destroying large wooded areas having a thick growth of trees and plants. incendie de forêt - Waldbrand - bosbrand incendio di foresta + bosbrand + Waldbrand + + + @@ -25791,18 +42084,22 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.alpha radiation A stream of alpha particles which are ejected from many radioactive substances having a penetrating power of a few cm in air but can be stopped by a thin piece of paper. rayonnement alpha - Alphastrahlung - alfastraling radiazione alfa + alfastraling + Alphastrahlung + forest industry A sector of the economy in which an aggregate of establishments is engaged in the management of an extensive area of woodland, often to produce products and benefits such as timber, wildlife habitat, clean water, biodiversity and recreation. industrie forestière - Forstindustrie - bosbouw industria forestale + bosbouw + Forstindustrie + + + @@ -25810,9 +42107,11 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.forest management Planning of forest utilization for wood production, conservation purposes, fauna and flora protection, recreation and water supply. gestion forestière - Forstwirtschaft - bosbeheer gestione delle foreste + bosbeheer + Forstwirtschaft + + @@ -25822,18 +42121,23 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.forest pest Organisms that damage trees. déprédateur des forêts - Forstschädling - voor het bos schadelijke dieren of planten infestazione forestale + voor het bos schadelijke dieren of planten + Forstschädling + + + forest policy A course of action adopted and pursued by government or some other organization, which seeks to preserve or protect an extensive area of woodland, often to produce products and benefits such as timber, wildlife habitat, clean water, biodiversity and recreation. politique forestière - Forstpolitik - bosbeleid politica forestale + bosbeleid + Forstpolitik + + @@ -25841,18 +42145,21 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.forest production Forests produce a range of products including firewood and charcoal, lumber, paper, and crops such as coffee, oil palm, and rubber. With careful planning of growth and harvesting, wood and other forest products are, in principle, renewable resources. But achieving renewability takes time - often decades, sometimes centuries. Without careful management, pressure for short-term exploitation can lead to tree removal, soil degradation, and conversion of woodland to other uses. Consumption of forest resources can lead to environmental problems as well as loss of critical habitat and species. production forestière - Forstwirtschaftliche Produktion - bosproductie produzione forestale + bosproductie + Forstwirtschaftliche Produktion + forest product Any material afforded by a forest for commercial use, such as tree products and forage. produit forestier - Forstwirtschaftliches Erzeugnis - bosproduct prodotto forestale + bosproduct + Forstwirtschaftliches Erzeugnis + + @@ -25864,9 +42171,13 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.forest reserve Forest area set aside for the purpose of protecting certain fauna and flora, or both. réserve forestière - Waldschutzgebiet - bosreservaat riserve forestali + bosreservaat + Waldschutzgebiet + + + + @@ -25876,18 +42187,23 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. forest resource assessment évaluation des ressources forestières - Bewertung der Waldressourcen - bosbestandsonderzoek valutazione delle risorse forestali + bosbestandsonderzoek + Bewertung der Waldressourcen + + forest resource Forest resources consist of two separate but closely related parts: the forest land and the trees (timber) on that land. ressource forestière - Waldbestand - bosbestand risorse forestali + bosbestand + Waldbestand + + + @@ -25896,9 +42212,10 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.forestry The management of forest lands for wood, forages, water, wildlife, and recreation. sylviculture - Forstwirtschaft - bosbouw attività forestali + bosbouw + Forstwirtschaft + @@ -25920,9 +42237,11 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.forestry economics The production, distribution, and consumption of goods and services from the industry involved with the process of establishing and managing forests. économie forestière - Forstökonomie - bosbouweconomie economia forestale + bosbouweconomie + Forstökonomie + + @@ -25930,18 +42249,22 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.forestry law A binding rule or body of rules prescribed by a government to regulate any extensive area of woodland, for the protection and preservation of game, timber and other forest resources. droit forestier - Forstgesetz - bosbouwwet diritto forestale + bosbouwwet + Forstgesetz + + forestry legislation A binding rule or body of rules prescribed by a government to regulate the use and conservation of wooded areas, most often those owned by the government itself. législation forestière - Forstrecht - bosbouwwetgeving legislazione forestale + bosbouwwetgeving + Forstrecht + + @@ -25951,9 +42274,10 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.forestry practice The farming of trees to ensure a continuing supply of timber and other forest products. Foresters care for existing trees, protecting them from fire, pests and diseases, and felling where trees are overcrowded or dying and when ready for cropping. They also plant new areas (afforestation) and replant felled areas (reafforestation). pratique forestière - Waldwirtschaft - bosbouwkundige praktijk pratica forestale + bosbouwkundige praktijk + Waldwirtschaft + @@ -25962,9 +42286,10 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.form of government Form of authority in which an individual or group of individuals wield power over the majority. forme de gouvernement - Staatsform - regeringsvorm forma di governo + regeringsvorm + Staatsform + @@ -25975,18 +42300,22 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.fossil Any remains, trace, or imprint of a plant or animal that has been preserved in the Earth's crust since some past geologic or prehistoric time. fossile - Fossil - fossiel fossile + fossiel + Fossil + fossil fuel The energy-containing materials which were converted over many thousands of years from their original form of trees, plants and other organisms after being buried in the ground. Physical and chemical processes occurred in the Earth's crust that changed them into coal, peat, oil or natural gas. combustible fossile - Brennstoff (fossil) - fossiele brandstof combustibile fossile + fossiele brandstof + Brennstoff (fossil) + + + @@ -25999,9 +42328,12 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.fouling growth The adhesion of different marine organisms to the underwater parts of ships, causing the ships to loose speed. salissure - Fouling - aangroei incrostazione biologica + aangroei + Fouling + + + @@ -26009,9 +42341,13 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.four stroke engine An internal combustion engine whose cycle is completed in four piston strokes; includes a suction stroke, compression stroke, expansion stroke, and exhaust stroke. moteur à quatre temps - Viertaktmotor - viertaktmotor motore a quattro tempi + viertaktmotor + Viertaktmotor + + + + @@ -26020,18 +42356,21 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.framework legislation A body of rules prescribed by a government, often composed in a series of inter-related parts, to establish or lay the foundation for a new project, agency or organizational structure. législation cadre - Rahmengesetzgebung - kaderwetgeving legge quadro + kaderwetgeving + Rahmengesetzgebung + access to information The ability, right and permission to approach and use, or the general availability of resources that convey knowledge. accès à l'information - Informationsfreiheit - toegankelijkheid van de informatie libertà di informazione + toegankelijkheid van de informatie + Informationsfreiheit + + @@ -26039,9 +42378,11 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.freight transport Transportation of goods by ship, aircraft or other vehicles. transport de marchandises - Gütertransport - vrachtvervoer trasporto merci + vrachtvervoer + Gütertransport + + @@ -26053,18 +42394,22 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.freon Trade name for a group of polyhalogenated hydrocarbons containing fluorine and chlorine; an example is trichlorofluoromethane. fréon - Freon - freon freon + freon + Freon + + + freshwater Water having a relatively low mineral content, generally less than 500 mg/l of dissolved solids. eau douce - Süßwasser - zoetwater acqua dolce + zoetwater + Süßwasser + @@ -26080,18 +42425,21 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.freshwater biology The scientific study or the characteristic life processes of living organisms found in a natural body of water that does not contain significant amounts of dissolved salts and minerals, such as a lake or river. biologie de l'eau douce - Süßwasserbiologie - zoetwaterbiologie biologia delle acque dolci + zoetwaterbiologie + Süßwasserbiologie + + freshwater degradation Pollution immediately or eventually involves the hydrological cycle of the earth, because even pollutants emitted into the air and those present in the soil are washed out by precipitation. Water is considered polluted when it is altered in composition or condition so that it becomes less suitable for any or all of the functions and purposes for which it would be suitable in its natural state. This definition includes changes in the physical, chemical and biological properties of water, or such discharges of liquid, gaseous or solid substances into water as will or are likely to create nuisances or render such water harmful to public health, safety or welfare, or to domestic, commercial, industrial, agricultural, fish or other aquatic life. It also includes changes in temperatures, due to the discharge of hot water. dégradation des ressources en eau douce - Süßwasserdegradation - zoetwaterdegradatie degrado delle acque dolci + zoetwaterdegradatie + Süßwasserdegradation + @@ -26101,9 +42449,11 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.freshwater ecosystem The living organisms and nonliving materials of an inland aquatic environment. écosystème d'eau douce - Süßwasserökosystem - zoetwaterecosysteem ecosistema di acqua dolce + zoetwaterecosysteem + Süßwasserökosystem + + @@ -26111,17 +42461,20 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.alternative material Materials employed in the place of others which are more dangerous for the environment, such as phosphate substitutes in detergents. matériau alternatif - Ersatzstoff - alternatief materiaal materiale alternativo + alternatief materiaal + Ersatzstoff + freshwater monitoring contrôle de l' eau douce - Süßwasserüberwachung - zoetwatermeting monitoraggio delle acque dolci + zoetwatermeting + Süßwasserüberwachung + + @@ -26129,18 +42482,22 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.freshwater organism Organisms which live in freshwater. organisme d'eau douce - Süßwasserorganismen - zoetwaterorganisme organismo di acqua dolce + zoetwaterorganisme + Süßwasserorganismen + + freshwater pollution The direct or indirect human alteration of the biological, physical, chemical or radiological integrity of freshwater. pollution des eaux douces - Süßwasserverschmutzung - zoetwatervervuiling inquinamento delle acque dolci + zoetwatervervuiling + Süßwasserverschmutzung + + @@ -26150,9 +42507,11 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.freshwater resource The network of rivers, lakes, and other surface waters that supply water for food production and other essential human systems. ressource en eau douce - Süßwasserressourcen - zoetwatervoorraden risorse di acqua dolce + zoetwatervoorraden + Süßwasserressourcen + + @@ -26161,27 +42520,33 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.frog Any insectivorous anuran amphibian of the family Ranidae, such as Rana temporaria of Europe, having a short squat tailless body with a moist smooth skin and very long hind legs specialized for hopping. grenouille - Frosch - kikkers rane + kikkers + Frosch + frost A deposit of interlocking ice crystals formed by direct sublimation on objects. gel - Frost - vorst gelata + vorst + Frost + + fruit A fully matured plant ovary with or without other floral or shoot parts united with it at maturity. fruit - Obst - fruit frutto + fruit + Obst + + + @@ -26189,9 +42554,10 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.fruit cultivation Cultivation of fruit trees for home consumption or on a commercial basis. culture fruitière - Obstbau - fruitteelt frutticoltura + fruitteelt + Obstbau + @@ -26201,9 +42567,11 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.fruit tree Any tree that bears edible fruit. arbre fruitier - Obstbaum - vruchtenboom albero da frutta + vruchtenboom + Obstbaum + + @@ -26211,9 +42579,11 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.fuel Solid, liquid, or gaseous material such as gas, gasoline, oil, coal or wood, used to produce heat or power by burning. combustible - Brennstoff - brandstof combustibile + brandstof + Brennstoff + + @@ -26241,44 +42611,57 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.fuel additive Substance (such as tetraethyl lead) which is added to petrol to prevent knocking. additif pour carburants - Kraftstoffzusatz - brandstofadditief additivo per carburanti + brandstofadditief + Kraftstoffzusatz + + + fuel alcohol Alternative source of energy for motor vehicles. It is produced by fermentation of sugar cane by the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. alcool-carburant - Alkoholischer Brennstoff - alcoholbrandstof alcool combustibile + alcoholbrandstof + Alkoholischer Brennstoff + + + fuel composition composition des carburants - Brennstoffzusammensetzung - brandstofsamenstelling composizione dei combustibili + brandstofsamenstelling + Brennstoffzusammensetzung + + + alternative technology Technology that, as an alternative to resource-intensive and wasteful industry, aims to utilize resources sparingly, with minimum damage to the environment, at affordable cost and with a possible degree of control over the processes. technologie "propre" - Alternativtechnologie - alternatieve technologie tecnologia alternativa + alternatieve technologie + Alternativtechnologie + + fuel consumption The amount of fuel utilized. consommation de combustible - Kraftstoffverbrauch - brandstofverbruik consumo di combustibili + brandstofverbruik + Kraftstoffverbrauch + + @@ -26286,9 +42669,11 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.fuel oil A liquid product burned to generate heat, exclusive of oils with a flash point below 38°C; includes heating oils, stove oils, furnace oils, bunker fuel oils. fioul - Heizöl - stookolie olio combustibile + stookolie + Heizöl + + @@ -26297,9 +42682,12 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.fuel tank installation The operating, fuel-storage component of a fuel system. installation de réservoir à carburant - Tankanlage - brandstoftank deposito per combustibili + brandstoftank + Tankanlage + + + @@ -26308,9 +42696,12 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.fuel wood Wood used for heating. bois à usage de combustible - Brennholz - hout als brandstof legna da ardere + hout als brandstof + Brennholz + + + @@ -26318,9 +42709,10 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.fume Solids in the air that have been generated by the condensation of vapors, chemical reactions or sublimation (a direct change from solid to gas). Often metallic oxides or metals, these particles are less than 1 micrometer in diameter and may be toxic. fumée - Schwaden - damp fumo (particolato) + damp + Schwaden + @@ -26329,45 +42721,52 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.alumina A natural or synthetic oxide of aluminum widely distributed in nature, often found as a constituent part of clays, feldspars, micas and other minerals, and as a major component of bauxite. alumine - Tonerde - aluminiumtrioxide allumina + aluminiumtrioxide + Tonerde + fumigation The use of a chemical compound in a gaseous state to kill insects, nematodes, arachnids, rodents, weeds, and fungi in confined or inaccessible locations; also used to control weeds, nematodes, and insects in the field. fumigation - Begasung - ontsmetting fumigazione + ontsmetting + Begasung + + functional substance A substance from the point of view of its function or purpose, for example a painting agent or a preserving substance. substance fonctionnelle - Stoffe (funktionsbezogen) - werkend bestanddeel sostanza funzionale + werkend bestanddeel + Stoffe (funktionsbezogen) + + soil function The main soil function is participation in the material transformation and migrating processes occurring in the natural environment on which the functioning of ecosystems depends. The most active participants in the occurring processes are microorganisms and invertebrates, whose activity, different variety, complex structure, and abundance accurately reflect the soil type and its characteristics: so they are important indicators of ecological stability. The variety of soil organisms determine its self-regulatory and self-cleaning capacity. fonction du sol - Bodenfunktion - bodemfunctie funzione del suolo + bodemfunctie + Bodenfunktion + mycete Nucleated usually filamentous, sporebearing organisms devoid of chlorophyll. mycète - Myzeten - myceten miceti + myceten + Myzeten + @@ -26376,9 +42775,10 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.fungus Nucleated usually filamentous, sporebearing organisms devoid of chlorophyll. champignon (ordre végétal) - Pilz - paddestoel funghi + paddestoel + Pilz + @@ -26386,18 +42786,22 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.aluminium A light white metal, ductile and malleable, and a good conductor of electricity. It occurs widely in nature in clays and is the third most abundant element in the Earth's crust. It is extracted mainly from bauxite by electrolysis of a molten mixture of purified bauxite and cryolite. The metal and its alloys are used for aircraft, cooking utensils, electrical apparatus, and for many other purposes where its light weight is an advantage. Aluminium became implicated as an environmental health hazard in the 1980s on two counts. Biomedical scientists looking for possible causes of Alzheimer's disease, the premature senility indicated by loss of memory and confusion, found a circumstantial link with aluminium. The theory is a controversial one. aluminium - Aluminium - aluminium alluminio + aluminium + Aluminium + fungicide Chemicals used to kill or halt the development of fungi that cause plant disease, such as: storage rot; seedling diseases; root rots; vascular wilts; leaf blights, rusts, smuts and mildews, and viral diseases. These can be controlled by the early and continued application of selected fungicides that either kill the pathogens or restrict their development. fongicide - Fungizid - schimmeldodend middel fungicida + schimmeldodend middel + Fungizid + + + @@ -26405,9 +42809,11 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.fur The hair-covered, dressed pelt of such a mammal, used in the making of garments and as trimming or decoration. fourrure - Pelz - bont pelliccia + bont + Pelz + + @@ -26415,9 +42821,11 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.fur animal Animals bred and slaughtered for their fur. animal à fourrure - Pelztier - pelsdier animale da pelliccia + pelsdier + Pelztier + + @@ -26425,9 +42833,10 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.furan A colourless flammable toxic liquid heterocyclic compound, used in the synthesis of nylon. furanne - Furan - furan furani + furan + Furan + @@ -26435,9 +42844,10 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.furnace A structure or apparatus in which heat is produced by the combustion of fuel, often to warm houses, melt metals, produce steam and bake pottery. four industriel - Ofen (Industrie) - oven fornace + oven + Ofen (Industrie) + @@ -26447,72 +42857,85 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.furniture The movable articles in a room or an establishment that make it fit for living or working. meubles - Möbel - meubels mobile + meubels + Möbel + aluminium container A can or box made of aluminium in which material is held or carried. emballage en aluminium - Aluminiumbehälter - uit aluminium bestaande container of houder contenitore di alluminio + uit aluminium bestaande container of houder + Aluminiumbehälter + furniture industry industrie de l'ameublement - Möbelindustrie - meubelindustrie industria dei mobili + meubelindustrie + Möbelindustrie + + furriery The business or trade of dressed furs and garments made from the coats of certain animals. pelleterie - Kürschnerei - bonthandel pellicceria + bonthandel + Kürschnerei + + gallinacean The order of birds that includes grouse, ptarmigan, capercaillie, partridges, pheasants, quails, turkeys and peacocks. These are mainly grain-eating, heavy-bodied, ground-nesting birds, capable of only short, rapid flights. The cocks are usually more colourful than the hens. gallinacé - Hühnervögel - hoenderachtigen gallinacei + hoenderachtigen + Hühnervögel + aluminium content Amount of aluminium contained in a solution. teneur en aluminium - Aluminiumgehalt - aluminiumgehalte contenuto in alluminio + aluminiumgehalte + Aluminiumgehalt + + galvanisation The act of coating iron or steel with zinc, either by immersion in a bath of molten zinc or by deposition from a solution of zinc sulphate, to give protection against corrosion. galvanisation - Galvanotechnik - galvanisatie galvanizzazione + galvanisatie + Galvanotechnik + + game (animals) Wild animals, including birds and fish, hunted for sport, food or profit. gibier - Wild - wild selvaggina + wild + Wild + + @@ -26520,18 +42943,22 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.gamma radiation Radiation of gamma rays. rayonnement gamma - Gammastrahlung - gammastraling radiazione gamma + gammastraling + Gammastrahlung + garden A piece of land next to a house where flowers and other plants are grown and which often has an area of grass. jardin - Garten - tuin giardino + tuin + Garten + + + @@ -26543,18 +42970,20 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.aluminium industry A sector of the economy in which an aggregate of commercial enterprises is engaged in the mining and processing of aluminum. industrie de l'aluminium - Aluminiumindustrie - aluminiumnijverheid industria dell'alluminio + aluminiumnijverheid + Aluminiumindustrie + garden waste Natural organic matter discarded from gardens and yards including leaves, grass clippings, prunings, brush and stumps. déchet de jardin - Gartenabfall - tuinafval rifiuto di giardino + tuinafval + Gartenabfall + @@ -26562,18 +42991,22 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.garrigue Mediterranean bush consisting of low evergreen shrubs and abundant herbaceous plants. garrigue - Garigue - garrigue gariga + garrigue + Garigue + gas A substance that continues to occupy in a continuous manner the whole of the space in which it is placed, however large or small this place is mad, the temperature remaining constant. gaz - Gasförmiger Stoff - gas gas + gas + Gasförmiger Stoff + + + @@ -26581,18 +43014,23 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.gas chromatography A separation technique involving passage of a gaseous moving phase through a column containing a fixed phase; it is used principally as a quantitative analytical technique for volatile compounds. chromatographie en phase gazeuse - Gaschromatographie - gaschromatografie gascromatografia + gaschromatografie + Gaschromatographie + + gas company Company charged with the production and distribution of gas for domestic use. compagnie du gaz - Gaswirtschaft - gasbedrijf azienda del gas + gasbedrijf + Gaswirtschaft + + + @@ -26600,18 +43038,23 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.gas engine An internal combustion engine that uses gaseous fuel. moteur à gaz - Gasmotor - gasmotor motore a gas + gasmotor + Gasmotor + + + + gaseous air pollutant Uncondensed or volatile gases, usually comprised of chemical compounds, discharged to the atmosphere. polluant atmosphérique gazeux - Gasförmige Luftverunreinigungen - gasvormige luchtverontreiniger inquinante atmosferico gassoso + gasvormige luchtverontreiniger + Gasförmige Luftverunreinigungen + @@ -26623,9 +43066,11 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.gaseous state State of matter in which the matter concerned occupies the whole of its container irrespective of its quantity. état gazeux - Gasförmiger Zustand - gasvorm stato gassoso + gasvorm + Gasförmiger Zustand + + @@ -26634,9 +43079,12 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.treatment of gases Gas is treated before it can be supplied to the marketplace. The extent to which gas needs to be processed will depend on its quality, the amount of associated impurities such as water, carbon dioxide and sulphur compounds, and the ultimate end-use for the gas. Common gaseous impurities found in natural gas are carbon dioxide and sulphur compounds. Both have an acidic reaction and are given the generic name 'acid gases'. These gases can be removed by a number of commercial processes, using either a physical or a chemical solvent. Physical solvent processes tend to be used where gas pressures are high and for gases with lower levels of propane and heavier hydrocarbons. traitement des gaz - Gasbehandlung - behandeling van gassen trattamento dei gas + behandeling van gassen + Gasbehandlung + + + @@ -26648,9 +43096,12 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.1) Any chemical or heat process used to convert a substance to a gas. 2) The production of gaseous fuels by reacting hot carbonaceous materials with air, steam or oxygen. The process takes place at high temperature. The gasification product is a mixture of combustible gases and tar compounds, together with particles and water vapour. Depending on the gasification method, the proportion of components varies, but common to all the processes is that the gas has to be purified before it can be used directly in a gas engine or a gas turbine. gazéification - Vergasung - vergassing gassificazione + vergassing + Vergasung + + + @@ -26659,26 +43110,34 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.gas liquefaction Conversion of a gas to the liquid phase by cooling or compression. liquéfaction de gaz - Gasverflüssigung - vloeibaar maken van gas liquefazione del gas + vloeibaar maken van gas + Gasverflüssigung + + gas mixture mélange gazeux - Gasgemisch - gasmengsel miscela gassosa + gasmengsel + Gasgemisch + + gas network Interconnected system of pipes for the distribution and supply of gas. réseau gazier - Gasnetz - gasnetwerk rete di distribuzione del gas + gasnetwerk + Gasnetz + + + + @@ -26688,45 +43147,61 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.gasohol A mixture of 80% or 90% petrol with 20% or 10% ethyl alcohol, for use as a fuel in internal combustion engines. gazohol - Gasohol - alcoholbenzine combustibile petrolio-alcool + alcoholbenzine + Gasohol + + gasoline engine An internal combustion engine that uses a mixture of air and gasoline vapour as a fuel. moteur à essence - Ottomotor - benzinemotor motore a benzina + benzinemotor + Ottomotor + + + + gas pipeline A long pipe, especially underground, used to transport gas over long distances. gazoduc - Gasrohrleitung - gaspijpleiding gasdotto + gaspijpleiding + Gasrohrleitung + + + + gas powered plant Power station which burns gas, as opposed to a coal-fired station or nuclear power station. centrale à gaz - Gaskraftwerk - gascentrale centrale a gas + gascentrale + Gaskraftwerk + + + gas purification Removal of pollutants or contaminants from waste incineration or other combustion processes. épuration des gaz - Gasreinigung - gaszuivering depurazione dei gas + gaszuivering + Gasreinigung + + + @@ -26734,18 +43209,23 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.vapour recovery system Gas feedback device: while refuelling gasoline vapors are sucked off and led back again into the storage tank. recirculation des gaz - Gasrückführung - hercirculatie van gas riconduzione dei gas + hercirculatie van gas + Gasrückführung + + + gas reservoir Large tank for storing coal gas or natural gas. réservoir à gaz - Gasspeicher - gasreservoir serbatoio di gas + gasreservoir + Gasspeicher + + @@ -26753,9 +43233,11 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.gas supply The provision and storage of any fuel gas, or the amount of any fuel gas stored, for the use of a municipality, or other fuel gas user. alimentation en gaz - Gasversorgung - gasvoorziening fornitura di gas + gasvoorziening + Gasversorgung + + @@ -26766,36 +43248,44 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. accumulation in body tissues accumulation dans les tissues corporels - Anreicherung im Körpergewebe - weefselophoping accumulo nei tessuti del corpo + weefselophoping + Anreicherung im Körpergewebe + + alveolus A tiny, thin-walled, capillary-rich sac in the lungs where the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide takes place. Also called air sac. alvéole - Alveole - alveole [longblaasje] alveolo + alveole [longblaasje] + Alveole + + gastropod Any mollusc of the class Gastropoda, typically having a flattened muscular foot for locomotion and a head that bears stalked eyes. gastéropode - Schnecke - buikvoetigen gasteropodi + buikvoetigen + Schnecke + gaswork Place where gas, especially coal gas, is made. usine à gaz - Gaswerk - gasfabriek impianto per la produzione di gas + gasfabriek + Gaswerk + + + @@ -26803,9 +43293,10 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.gender issue A point, matter or dispute concerning the capabilities, societal roles or other differences and divisions between women and men, especially the relative weight of biological and physical difference versus culture and socialization as a cause of those distinctions. égalité des sexes - Geschlechtsspezifische Fragen - man-vrouw vraagstukken relazioni tra i sessi + man-vrouw vraagstukken + Geschlechtsspezifische Fragen + @@ -26813,36 +43304,43 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.gene bank Storehouses of seeds or vegetative tissue, kept in low humidity and temperature, to help maintain genetic diversity. Sometimes known as seed banks or germ plasm banks. their contents mostly originate from a wide range of primitive strains and wild crop varieties. The International Board for Plant Genetic Resources (IBPGR), which was established in 1974, promotes the collection, documentation, evaluation, conservation and eventual use of genetic resources of significant plant species. Gene banks are the subject of international controversy because they contain seeds that have mostly been acquired from the developing countries by the industrially rich countries, where they have been used in breeding programmes to develop new strains. Instead of taking decades over a traditional plant breeding programme by fertilization, it is now possible to manipulate directly the genes of plants, creating genetically modified organisms (GMOs), which are plants modified to give a higher resistance to disease and improved growth and yields and, therefore, increase the profit of the plant breeder and farmer. banque de gênes - Genbank - genenbank banca di geni + genenbank + Genbank + + general administrative order An administrative mandate outlining the process by which a concept, plan, decree or law is to be put into actual practice by a specific organization or government agency. instruction administrative générale - Allgemeine Verwaltungsmaßnahme - algemene administratieve opdracht regolamento di esecuzione + algemene administratieve opdracht + Allgemeine Verwaltungsmaßnahme + general chemistry The study of the elements and the compounds they form. chimie générale - Allgemeine Chemie - algemene scheikunde chimica generale + algemene scheikunde + Allgemeine Chemie + + gene A unit of heredity composed of DNA occupying a fixed position on a chromosome. A gene may determine a characteristic of an individual by specifying a polypeptide chain that forms a protein or part of a protein (structural gene); or repress such operation (repressor gene). gène - Gen - gen gene + gen + Gen + + @@ -26852,9 +43350,10 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.genetic diversity The variation between individuals and between populations within a species. diversité génétique - Genetische Vielfalt - genetische diversiteit diversità genetica + genetische diversiteit + Genetische Vielfalt + @@ -26864,9 +43363,10 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.genetic effect Inheritable change, chiefly mutations produced by chemical substances, herbicides, radiations, etc. effet génétique - Genetische Wirkung - genetisch effect effetto genetico + genetisch effect + Genetische Wirkung + @@ -26876,9 +43376,11 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.1) The complex of techniques for the production of new genes and the alteration of the structure of the chromosomes to produce effects beneficial to man, in agriculture and medicine. 2) The intentional production of new genes and alteration of genomes by the substitution or addition of new genetic material. génie génétique - Gentechnik - genetische manipulatie ingegneria genetica + genetische manipulatie + Gentechnik + + @@ -26895,9 +43397,11 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. genetic engineering legislation législation en matière de génie génétique - Gentechnikrecht - wetgeving over genetische manipulatie legislazione sull'ingegneria genetica + wetgeving over genetische manipulatie + Gentechnikrecht + + @@ -26905,9 +43409,10 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.genetic information The information for protein synthesis contained in the nucleotide sequences of the DNA polynucleotide chain. information génétique - Genetische Information - genetische informatie informazione genetica + genetische informatie + Genetische Information + @@ -26919,9 +43424,12 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.amalgam A solution of a metal in mercury. amalgame - Amalgam - amalgaam amalgama + amalgaam + Amalgam + + + @@ -26930,9 +43438,10 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.genetic modification Inheritable changes produced by ionizing radiation, exposure to certain chemicals, ingestion of some medication and from other causes. modification génétique - Genmutation - genetische wijziging modificazione genetica + genetische wijziging + Genmutation + @@ -26941,9 +43450,11 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.genetic resource The gene pool in natural and cultivated stocks of organisms that are available for human exploitation. It is desirable to maintain as diverse a range of organisms as possible, particularly of domesticated cultivars and their ancestors, in order to maintain a wide genetic base. The wider the genetic base, the greater the capacity for adaptation to particular environmental conditions. ressource génétique - Genetische Ressourcen - genetische hulpbronnen risorse genetiche + genetische hulpbronnen + Genetische Ressourcen + + @@ -26952,9 +43463,10 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.genetics The science that is concerned with the study of biological inheritance. génétique - Genetik - genetica genetica + genetica + Genetik + @@ -26964,9 +43476,10 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.genetic variation Change in one or more phenotypic characteristics, due to gene mutation or rearrangement, environmental effects, etc. variation génétique - Genetische Variation - genetische variatie variazione genetica + genetische variatie + Genetische Variation + @@ -26975,27 +43488,32 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.geodesy A subdivision of geophysics which includes determination of the size and shape of the earth, the earth's gravitational field, and the location of points fixed to the earth's crust in an earth-referred coordinate system. géodésie - Geodäsie - geodesie geodesia + geodesie + Geodäsie + + geogenic factor Geogenic factors are those which originate in the soil, as opposed to those of anthropic origin (anthropogenic). facteur géogénique - Geogener Faktor - geogene factor fattore geogenico + geogene factor + Geogener Faktor + geographic information system An organized collection of computer hardware, software, geographic data, and personnel designed to efficiently capture, store, update, manipulate, analyze, and display all forms of geographically referenced information that can be drawn from different sources, both statistical and mapped. système d'information géographique - Geographisches Informationssystem - geografisch informatiesysteem sistema informativo geografico + geografisch informatiesysteem + Geographisches Informationssystem + + @@ -27005,9 +43523,11 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.geography The study of the natural features of the earth's surface, comprising topography, climate, soil, vegetation, etc. and man's response to them. géographie - Geographie - geografie geografia + geografie + Geographie + + @@ -27023,9 +43543,11 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.geological disaster Disasters caused by movements and deformation of the earth's crust. désastre géologique - Geologische Katastrophe - geologische ramp disastro geologico + geologische ramp + Geologische Katastrophe + + @@ -27033,9 +43555,11 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.geological process Dynamic actions or events that occur at the Earth's surface due to application of natural forces resulting from gravity, temperature changes, freezing and thawing, chemical reactions, seismic shaking, and the agencies of wind and moving water, ice and snow. Where and when a force exceeds the strength of the earth material, the material is changed by deformation, translocation, or chemical reactions. processus géologique - Geologischer Prozess - geologische processen processi geologici + geologische processen + Geologischer Prozess + + @@ -27046,9 +43570,12 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.geology The study or science of the earth, its history, and its life as recorded in the rocks; includes the study of geologic features of an area, such as the geometry of rock formations, weathering and erosion, and sedimentation. géologie - Geologie - geologie geologia + geologie + Geologie + + + @@ -27061,9 +43588,11 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.geomorphic process The physical and chemical interactions between the Earth's surface and the natural forces acting upon it to produce landforms. The processes are determined by such natural environmental variables as geology, climate, vegetation and baselevel, to say nothing of human interference. The nature of the process and the rate at which it operates will be influenced by a change in any of these variables. processus géomorphologique - Geomorphologischer Prozeß - geomorfologische processen processi geomorfici + geomorfologische processen + Geomorphologischer Prozeß + + @@ -27074,36 +43603,42 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.geomorphology The study of the classification, description, nature, origin, and development of present landforms and their relationships to underlying structures, and of the history of geologic changes as recorded by these surface features. géomorphologie - Geomorphologie - geomorfologie geomorfologia + geomorfologie + Geomorphologie + + + geophysics The physics of the earth and its environment, that is, earth, air and space. géophysique - Geophysik - geofysica geofisica + geofysica + Geophysik + geotechnology The application of scientific methods and engineering techniques to the exploitation and use of natural resources. géotechnologie - Geotechnologie - geotechnologie geotecnologia + geotechnologie + Geotechnologie + geothermal energy An energy produced by tapping the earth's internal heat. At present, the only available technologies to do this are those that extract heat from hydrothermal convection systems, where water or steam transfer the heat from the deeper part of the earth to the areas where the energy can be tapped. The amount of pollutants found in geothermal vary from area to area but may contain arsenic, boron, selenium, lead, cadmium, and fluorides. They also may contain hydrogen sulphide, mercury, ammonia, radon, carbon dioxide, and methane. énergie géothermique - Erdwärme - geothermische energie energia geotermica + geothermische energie + Erdwärme + @@ -27113,36 +43648,41 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.1) A pathogenic micro-organism. 2) Living substance capable of developing into an organ, part, or organism as a whole; a primordium. germe - Keim - ziektekiem germe + ziektekiem + Keim + + germination The beginning or the process of development of a spore or seed. germination - Keimung - kieming germinazione + kieming + Keimung + germ plasm The hereditary material transmitted to the offspring via the gametes. protoplasme des germes - Keimplasma - kiemplasma germoplasma + kiemplasma + Keimplasma + Americas The landmasses and islands of North America, South America, Mexico, and Central America included in the Western Hemisphere. Les Amériques - Amerika - Noord- en Zuid-Amerika Americhe + Noord- en Zuid-Amerika + Amerika + @@ -27153,9 +43693,11 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.glacier Slow moving masses of ice which have accumulated either on mountains or in polar regions. They are found where warm, moist air or warm water meets cold air or water. They move, influenced by the force of gravity and the pressure of the ice, above the underlying slush layers and slide downhill, eventually melting at lower levels to form rivers or reaching sea-level, where they form ice shelves or fall into the water as icebergs. glacier - Gletscher - gletsjer ghiacciaio + gletsjer + Gletscher + + @@ -27169,18 +43711,22 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.1) The study of all aspects of snow and ice; the science that treats quantitatively the whole range of processes associated with all forms of solid existing water. 2) The study of existing glaciers and ice sheets, and of their physical properties. glaciologie - Gletscherforschung - glaciologie glaciologia + glaciologie + Gletscherforschung + + glass A hard, amorphous, inorganic, usually transparent, brittle substance made by fusing silicates, sometimes borates and phosphates, with certain basic oxides and then rapidly cooling to prevent crystallization. verre - Glas - glas vetro + glas + Glas + + @@ -27188,18 +43734,22 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.glass industry Industry for the production of glassware. industrie du verre - Glasindustrie - glasindustrie industria del vetro + glasindustrie + Glasindustrie + + global aspect Aspects concerning the whole world considered as being closely connected by modern telecommunications and as being interdependent economically, socially and politically. aspect global - Globale Aspekte - wereldwijd aspect aspetti globali + wereldwijd aspect + Globale Aspekte + + @@ -27207,27 +43757,31 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.global convention A worldwide assembly of national, political party or organizational delegates, or the pact or the agreement that arises from such an assembly that forms, often, the preliminary to an international treaty. convention internationale - Globale Konvention - wereldconventie convenzione globale + wereldconventie + Globale Konvention + Global Environment Facility An international organization established in 1990 to provide practical assistance to governments in achieving environmental improvements. The GEF is managed by the World Bank, which contributes 2/3 of its funds, the remaining 1/3 being controlled by the United Nations Development Programme. Fonds mondial pour la protection de l'environnement - Globale Umweltfazilität - Wereldmilieufonds Fondo Globale per l'Ambiente + Wereldmilieufonds + Globale Umweltfazilität + global model Models concerning different aspects of reality which can be applied at global level. modèle global - Globalmodell - wereldwijd model modello globale + wereldwijd model + Globalmodell + + @@ -27235,9 +43789,10 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.global warming Changes in the surface-air temperature, referred to as the global temperature, brought about by the greenhouse effect which is induced by emission of greenhouse gases into the air. réchauffement mondial - Treibhauseffekt-Potential - wereldwijde opwarming riscaldamento globale dell'atmosfera + wereldwijde opwarming + Treibhauseffekt-Potential + @@ -27249,18 +43804,20 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.glossary An alphabetical list of terms concerned with a particular subject, field or area of usage that includes accompanying definitions. glossaire - Glossar - verklarende woordenlijst glossario + verklarende woordenlijst + Glossar + glue A crude, impure, amber-colored form of commercial gelatin of unknown detailed composition produced by the hydrolysis of animal collagen; gelatinizes in aqueous solutions and dries to form a strong, adhesive layer. colle - Klebstoff - lijm colla + lijm + Klebstoff + @@ -27268,9 +43825,11 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.goal of individual economic business The aim, purpose, objective, or end for a profit-seeking enterprise engaged in commerce, manufacturing, or a service. objectifs des entreprises - Einzelwirtschaftliches Ziel - doelstellingen van individuele economische ondernemingen obiettivi economici di aziende individuali + doelstellingen van individuele economische ondernemingen + Einzelwirtschaftliches Ziel + + @@ -27278,9 +43837,11 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.Ames test A bioassay developed by Bruce N. Ames in 1974, performed on bacteria to assess the capability of environmental chemicals to cause mutations. test de Ames - AMES-Test - Ames-test prova di Ames + Ames-test + AMES-Test + + @@ -27288,44 +43849,51 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.golf A game played on a large open course, the object of which is to hit a ball using clubs, with as few strokes as possible, into each of usually 18 holes. golf - Golf (Spiel) - golf golf + golf + Golf (Spiel) + good management The competent, skillful and successful process of planning, leading and working toward the accomplishment or completion of goals, objectives and mission of an organization or institution. bonne gestion - Ordnungsgemäße Verwaltung - behoorlijk bestuur amministrazione corretta + behoorlijk bestuur + Ordnungsgemäße Verwaltung + government advisory body organe de conseil auprès du gouvernement - Regierungsberatungsorgan - overheidsadviesorgaan organo consultivo dello stato + overheidsadviesorgaan + Regierungsberatungsorgan + government building Building for the offices of the main departments of government. édifice gouvernemental - Regierungsgebäude - overheidsgebouw edificio governativo + overheidsgebouw + Regierungsgebäude + + + government (cabinet) A body of top government officials appointed to advise the President or the chief executive officer of a country, usually consisting of the heads of government departments or agencies. gouvernement - Regierung (Institution) - regering (kabinet) governo (istituzione) + regering (kabinet) + Regierung (Institution) + @@ -27335,27 +43903,30 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. government environmental expenditure dépense publique pour l'environnement - Staatsumweltausgaben - milieu-uitgaven van de overheid spesa governativa per l'ambiente + milieu-uitgaven van de overheid + Staatsumweltausgaben + government liability A public body's debt or other legal obligation arising out of transactions in the past which must be liquidated, renewed or refunded at some future date. responsabilité gouvernementale - Staatshaftung - overheidsaansprakelijkheid garanzia governativa + overheidsaansprakelijkheid + Staatshaftung + government policy Any course of action adopted and pursued by a ruling political authority or system, which determines the affairs for a nation, state or region. politique gouvernementale - Regierungspolitik - overheidsbeleid politica di governo + overheidsbeleid + Regierungspolitik + @@ -27363,9 +43934,10 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.amine One of a class of organic compounds which can be considered to be derived from ammonia by replacement of one or more hydrogens by organic radicals. amine - Amin - amine ammine + amine + Amin + @@ -27373,27 +43945,32 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.grain Edible, starchy seeds of the grass family (Graminae) usable as food by man and his livestock. céréale - Getreide - graan cereale + graan + Getreide + + + grass A very large and widespread family of Monocotyledoneae, with more than 10.000 species, most of which are herbaceous, but a few are woody. The stems are jointed, the long, narrow leaves originating at the nodes. The flowers are inconspicuous, with a much reduced perianth, and are wind-pollinated or cleistogamous. The fruit in single-seeded, usually a caryopsis. Grasses are the most important of all plants for food. herbe - Gras - grassen erbe + grassen + Gras + amino acid Organic compounds containing a carboxyl group (-COOH) and an amino group (-NH2). About 30 amino acids are known. They are fundamental constituents of living matter because protein molecules are made up of many amino acid molecules combined together. Amino acids are synthesized by green plants and some bacteria, but some (arginine, histidine, lysine. threonine, methionine, isoleucine, leucine, valine, phenylalanine, tryptophane) cannot be synthesized by animals and therefore are essential constituents of their diet. Proteins from specific plants may lack certain amino acids, so a vegetarian diet must include a wide range of plant products. acide aminé - Aminosäure - aminozuur amminoacidi + aminozuur + Aminosäure + @@ -27401,18 +43978,21 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.grass fire A conflagration in or destroying large areas of any vegetation in the Gramineae family as found in fields, meadows, savannas or other grasslands. feu de prairie - Grasbrand - grasbrand incendio di prateria + grasbrand + Grasbrand + + grasshopper A plant-eating insect with long back legs that can jump very high and makes a sharp high noise using its back legs or wings. sauterelle - Heuschrecke - sprinkhanen cavallette + sprinkhanen + Heuschrecke + @@ -27420,9 +44000,12 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.grassland Grassland cover nearly one-fifth of the Earth's land surface. They include savannah, the prairies of North America, and the steppes of Russia and Central Asia. Grassland ecosystems support thousands of different species, above and below the ground, and have a vital part to play maintaining the ecological balance of the world. prairie - Grünland - grasland prateria erbosa + grasland + Grünland + + + @@ -27430,18 +44013,22 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.grassland ecosystem The interacting system of the biological communities located in biomes characterized by the dominance of indigenous grasses, grasslike plants and forbs, and their non-living environmental surroundings. écosystème prairie - Graslandökosystem - ecosysteem van grasland ecosistema di prateria + ecosysteem van grasland + Graslandökosystem + + gravel A mixture of rock fragments and pebbles that is coarser than sand. gravier - Kies - grind ghiaia + grind + Kies + + @@ -27449,36 +44036,49 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.gravel extraction Obtaining a mixture of coarse sand and small water- worn or pounded stones, (used for paths and roads and as an aggregate) from the earth. extraction de gravier - Kiesabbau - grindwinning estrazione di ghiaia + grindwinning + Kiesabbau + + + gravel pit A place where gravel is dug out of the ground. gravière - Kiesgrube - grindgroeve cava di ghiaia + grindgroeve + Kiesgrube + + + grazing The vegetation on pastures that is available for livestock to feed upon. pâturage - Beweidung - begrazing vegetazione per pascolo + begrazing + Beweidung + + + ammonia A colorless gaseous alkaline compound that is very soluble in water, has a characteristic pungent odour, is lighter than air, and is formed as a result of the decomposition of most nitrogenous organic material. ammoniac - Ammoniak - ammoniak ammoniaca + ammoniak + Ammoniak + + + + @@ -27489,36 +44089,44 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. ceinture verte - Grüngürtel - groengordel cintura verde + groengordel + Grüngürtel + + + green building The self-contained dwelling where man simulates the ways of ecosystems, i.e. his wastes are converted to fuel by anaerobic digestion for methane production and the residues from the digestion are used for growing food. The food residues are composted and/or used for methane production. Solar energy is trapped by the greenhouse effect and used for house, crop and water heating. A windmill would be used for electricity. Thus, given sufficient space, sunshine, rainfall and wind, the ecohouse is in theory a self-contained system recycling its own wastes and using the sun as its energy input. construction "verte" - Öko-Haus - ecologisch bouwen edificio ecocompatibile + ecologisch bouwen + Öko-Haus + green corridor Avenues along which wide-ranging animals can travel, plants can propagate, genetic interchange can occur, populations can move in response to environmental changes and natural disasters, and threatened species can be replenished from other areas. coulée verte - Grünstreifen - groene (door)gang corridoio verde + groene (door)gang + Grünstreifen + + environmental tax An amount of money demanded by a government to finance clean-up, prevention, reduction, enforcement or educational efforts intended to promote ecological integrity and the conservation of natural resources. écotaxe - Umweltsteuer - milieuheffing tassa ambientale + milieuheffing + Umweltsteuer + + @@ -27536,18 +44144,21 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.greenhouse cultivation Cultivation of plants, especially of out-of-season plants, in glass-enclosed, climate-controlled structures. horticulture en serre - Unterglasanbau - glastuinbouw coltivazione in serra + glastuinbouw + Unterglasanbau + greenhouse effect The warming of the Earth's atmosphere caused by the increasing concentration of atmospheric gases, such as water vapour and carbon dioxide. These gases absorb radiation emitted by the Earth, thus slowing down the loss of radiant energy from the Earth back to space. effet de serre - Treibhauseffekt - broeikaseffect effetto serra + broeikaseffect + Treibhauseffekt + + @@ -27557,9 +44168,12 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.greenhouse gas A collective expression for those components of the atmosphere that influence the greenhouse effect, namely carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxides, ozone, CFCs and water vapour. gaz à effet de serre - Treibhausgas - broeikasgas gas a effetto serra + broeikasgas + Treibhausgas + + + @@ -27574,27 +44188,38 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.green manure Herbaceous plant material plowed into the soil while still green. engrais vert - Gründünger - groenbemester sovescio + groenbemester + Gründünger + + + + green revolution The name given to the widespread development of high-yield strains of wheat, corn and rice during the 1960s and early 1970s. It was more formally known as the Indicative World Plan for Agricultural Development. The revolution came after the Food and Agricultural Organization held the World Food Congress in 1963. A "Freedom from Hunger" campaign was set up with the goal of increasing food supplies and solving the world's hunger problems. révolution verte - Grüne Revolution - groene revolutie rivoluzione verde + groene revolutie + Grüne Revolution + + + green space A plot of vegetated land separating or surrounding areas of intensive residential or industrial use and devoted to recreation or park uses. espace vert - Grünfläche - groenvoorziening spazio verde + groenvoorziening + Grünfläche + + + + @@ -27606,81 +44231,101 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.green vegetable A vegetable having the edible parts rich in chlorophyll and forming an important source of vitamins and micronutrients. légume vert - Blattgemüse - groene groente ortaggi verdi + groene groente + Blattgemüse + + grinding To reduce to powder or small fragments. broyage - Zerkleinern - (ver)malen triturazione + (ver)malen + Zerkleinern + + + gross national product Gross domestic product adjusted for foreign transactions, i.e. to the figure for Gross Domestic Product must be added any income accruing to residents of the country arising from investment and other factor earnings abroad and from it must be deducted any income earned in the domestic market by factors owned by foreigners abroad. produit national brut - Bruttosozialprodukt - bruto nationaal product prodotto nazionale lordo + bruto nationaal product + Bruttosozialprodukt + ammonification Addition of ammonia or ammonia compounds, especially to the soil. ammonisation - Ammonifikation - ammonificatie ammonificazione + ammonificatie + Ammonifikation + + + groundwater Water that occupies pores and crevices in rock and soil, below the surface and above a layer of impermeable material. It is free to move gravitationally, either downwards towards the impermeable layer or by following a gradient. eaux souterraines - Grundwasser - grondwater acqua sotterranea + grondwater + Grundwasser + + groundwater extraction The process, deliberate or inadvertent, of extracting ground water from a source at a rate so in excess of the replenishment that the ground water level declines persistently, threatening exhaustion of the supply or at least a decline of pumping levels to uneconomic depths. puisage des eaux souterraines - Grundwasserentnahme - grondwaterwinning estrazione di acqua sotterranea + grondwaterwinning + Grundwasserentnahme + + + groundwater pollution Contamination of any water found under the earth's surface by any leaching pollutants, such as inorganic compounds (chlorides, nitrates, heavy metals, etc.), synthetic organic chemicals (pesticides, fertilizers, etc.) and pathogens (bacteria, parasites, etc.). pollution des eaux souterraines - Grundwasserverunreinigung - grondwaterverontreiniging inquinamento della falda + grondwaterverontreiniging + Grundwasserverunreinigung + + groundwater protection Precautionary actions, procedures or installations undertaken to prevent or reduce harm to the environmental integrity of fresh water found beneath the earth's surface, usually in aquifers, which supply wells and springs. protection des réserves d'eau souterraines - Grundwasserschutz - grondwaterbescherming protezione delle acque sotterranee + grondwaterbescherming + Grundwasserschutz + + + group behaviour An observable pattern of activity displayed by persons in and as an aggregate. comportement collectif - Gruppenverhalten - groepsgedrag comportamento di gruppo + groepsgedrag + Gruppenverhalten + @@ -27693,18 +44338,21 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.ammonium The radical NH4+. ammonium - Ammonium - ammonium ammonio + ammonium + Ammonium + accumulator A rechargeable device for storing electrical energy in the form of chemical energy, consisting of one or more separate secondary cells. accumulateur - Akkumulator - accu accumulatore + accu + Akkumulator + + @@ -27712,9 +44360,12 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.gulf An inlet of the sea of large areal proportions, more indented than a bay and generally more enclosed. golfe - Golf (Küste) - baai golfo + baai + Golf (Küste) + + + @@ -27723,9 +44374,10 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.gymnosperm Any seed-bearing plant of the division Gymnospermae, in which the ovules are borne naked on the surface of the mega sporophylls, which are often arranged in cones. gymnosperme - Nacktsamer - naaktzadigen gimnosperme + naaktzadigen + Nacktsamer + @@ -27733,9 +44385,12 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.gypsum A colourless or white mineral used in the building industry and in the manufacture of cement, rubber, paper and plaster of Paris. gypse - Gips - gips gesso (lavorato) + gips + Gips + + + @@ -27743,9 +44398,11 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.1) The locality in which a plant or animal naturally grows or lives. It can be either the geographical area over which it extends, or the particular station in which a specimen is found. 2) A physical portion of the environment that is inhabited by an organism or population of organisms. A habitat is characterized by a relative uniformity of the physical environment and fairly close interaction of all the biological species involved. In terms of region, a habitat may comprise a desert, a tropical forest, a prairie field, the Arctic Tundra or the Arctic Ocean. habitat - Habitat - habitat habitat + habitat + Habitat + + @@ -27755,27 +44412,33 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.haematology The branch of medical science concerned with diseases of the blood. hématologie - Hämatologie - leer van het bloed ematologia + leer van het bloed + Hämatologie + + hail Precipitation in the form of balls or irregular lumps of ice, always produced by convective clouds, nearly always cumulonimbus. grêle - Hagel - hagel grandine + hagel + Hagel + half-life The time required for one-half the atoms of a given amount of radioactive material to undergo radioactive decay. demi-vie - Halbwertszeit - halveringstijd tempo di dimezzamento + halveringstijd + Halbwertszeit + + + @@ -27783,18 +44446,20 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.haloform A haloalkane, containing three halogen atoms, e.g. iodoform, CHI3; a haloform reaction is a reaction to produce haloforms from a ketone. For example, if propanone is treated with bleaching powder, the chlorinated ketone so formed reacts to form chloroform. haloforme - Haloform - haloform aloformio + haloform + Haloform + halogenated biphenyl Halogen derivatives of biphenyl. biphényles halogénés - Halogenbiphenyle - halogeenbifenyl bifenili alogenati + halogeenbifenyl + Halogenbiphenyle + @@ -27803,9 +44468,10 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.halogenated hydrocarbon One of a group of halogen derivatives of organic hydrogen and carbon containing compounds; the group includes monohalogen compounds (alkyl or aryl halides) and polyhalogen compounds that contain the same or different halogen atoms. hydrocarbure halogéné - Halogenkohlenwasserstoff - halogeenkoolwaterstof idrocarburi alogenati + halogeenkoolwaterstof + Halogenkohlenwasserstoff + @@ -27817,9 +44483,10 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.halogenated phenol Halogen derivatives of phenol. phenol halogéné - Halogenphenole - halogeenfenol fenoli alogenati + halogeenfenol + Halogenphenole + @@ -27827,9 +44494,11 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.halogenated pollutant An organic compound bonded with one of the five halogen elements (astatine, bromine, chlorine, fluorine, and iodine). Several of these compounds contribute to reductions in the concentration of ozone in the stratosphere. polluant halogéné - Halogenierter Schadstoff - halogeenbevattende verontreinigende stof inquinante alogenato + halogeenbevattende verontreinigende stof + Halogenierter Schadstoff + + @@ -27838,9 +44507,10 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. halogenated terphenyl terphenyl halogéné - Halogenierte Terphenyle - halogeenterphenyl terfenili alogenati + halogeenterphenyl + Halogenierte Terphenyle + @@ -27848,18 +44518,22 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.handicraft business The profession, commercial firm or trade involving the production and distribution of articles that are made through the skilled use of one's hands. entreprise artisanale - (Kunst)handwerksunternehmen - ambachtelijke nijverheid impresa artigiana + ambachtelijke nijverheid + (Kunst)handwerksunternehmen + + + handicraft A particular skill performed with the hands. artisanat d'art - Kunsthandwerk - handenarbeid artigianato manuale + handenarbeid + Kunsthandwerk + @@ -27867,9 +44541,12 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.harbour Area of water next to the coast, often surrounded by thick walls, where ships and boats can be sheltered. port - Hafen - haven porto + haven + Hafen + + + @@ -27878,27 +44555,32 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.hardness Resistance of a solid to indentation, scratching, abrasion or cutting. dureté - Härte - hardheid durezza + hardheid + Härte + + hard-to-dispose-of waste Discarded material, often hazardous or in large volume, for which there is no obvious disposal route. déchet encombrant - Schwerentsorgbarer Abfall - moeilijk verwerkbaar afval rifiuto di difficile smaltimento + moeilijk verwerkbaar afval + Schwerentsorgbarer Abfall + waste water pollution The impairment of the quality of some medium due to the introduction of spent or used water from a community or industry. pollution des eaux usées - Abwasserbelastung - afvalwatervervuiling inquinamento da acque di rifiuto + afvalwatervervuiling + Abwasserbelastung + + @@ -27906,27 +44588,30 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.harmonisation of law The process by which two or more states, sometimes under the auspices of an interstate or international organization, change their legislation relevant to some area of common concern to conform their statutes and to facilitate compliance and enforcement across borders. harmonisation des lois - Rechtsvereinheitlichung - harmonisatie van wetten armonizzazione delle leggi + harmonisatie van wetten + Rechtsvereinheitlichung + harvest The amount or measure of the crop gathered in a season. récolte - Ernte - oogst raccolto + oogst + Ernte + hazard A physical or chemical agent capable of causing harm to persons, property, animals, plants or other natural resources. danger - Gefahren - gevaren pericoli + gevaren + Gefahren + @@ -27941,9 +44626,12 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.hazard of pollutants Risk or danger to human health, property or the environment posed by the introduction of a harmful substances into the ecosystem. risque dû aux polluants - Gefahr durch Schadstoffe - gevaar van vervuilende stoffen rischio derivato da inquinanti + gevaar van vervuilende stoffen + Gefahr durch Schadstoffe + + + @@ -27952,9 +44640,11 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.hazardous substance Any material that poses a threat to human health and/or the environment. Typical hazardous substances are toxic, corrosive, ignitable, explosive, or chemically reactive. matière dangereuse - Gefahrstoff - gevaarlijke stof sostanza pericolosa + gevaarlijke stof + Gefahrstoff + + @@ -27964,18 +44654,22 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.hazardous substances legislation A binding rule or body of rules prescribed by a government to regulate the production, use or clean-up of materials that pose a threat to human health and the environment, particularly materials that are toxic, corrosive, ignitable, explosive or chemically reactive. législation des matières dangereuses - Gefahrstoffrecht - gevaarlijkestoffenwetgeving legislazione sulle sostanze pericolose + gevaarlijkestoffenwetgeving + Gefahrstoffrecht + + hazardous waste dump Disposal facilities where hazardous waste is placed in or on land. Properly designed and operated landfills are lined to prevent leakage and contain systems to collect potentially contaminated surface water run-off. décharge de déchets dangereux - Sonderabfalldeponie - stortplaats voor gevaarlijk afval discarica per rifiuti pericolosi + stortplaats voor gevaarlijk afval + Sonderabfalldeponie + + @@ -27983,9 +44677,12 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.hazardous waste Any waste or combination of wastes with the potential to damage human health, living organisms or the environment. Hazardous wastes usually require special handling and disposal procedures which are regulated by national and international laws. déchets dangereux - Gefährlicher Abfall - gevaarlijk afval rifiuto pericoloso + gevaarlijk afval + Gefährlicher Abfall + + + @@ -27996,36 +44693,42 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.hazardous working material A poison, corrosive agent, flammable substance, explosive, radioactive chemical, or any other material which can endanger human health or well-being if handled improperly. substance dangereuse à manipuler - Gefährlicher Arbeitsstoff - gevaarlijk bouwmateriaal materiale da lavoro pericoloso + gevaarlijk bouwmateriaal + Gefährlicher Arbeitsstoff + + haze Reduced visibility in the air as a result of condensed water vapour, dust, etc., in the atmosphere. brume - Dunst - nevel foschia + nevel + Dunst + headland (farm) A strip of land left at the end of a furrow in a field in order to facilitate the turning of the plough. fourrière (culture des champs) - Ackerrandstreifen - wendakker margine di campo coltivato a fasce + wendakker + Ackerrandstreifen + + health A state of dynamic equilibrium between an organism and its environment in which all functions of mind and body are normal. santé - Gesundheit - gezondheid salute + gezondheid + Gesundheit + @@ -28037,9 +44740,10 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. health care soins de santé - Gesundheitsfürsorge - gezondheidszorg cura della salute + gezondheidszorg + Gesundheitsfürsorge + @@ -28056,9 +44760,10 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.health-environment relationship Relationship between the quality of the environment and the health conditions of individuals. relation santé-environnement - Gesundheit-Umweltbeziehung - verbanden tussen de gezondheid en de (natuurlijke en/of woon-)omgeving relazioni ambiente-salute + verbanden tussen de gezondheid en de (natuurlijke en/of woon-)omgeving + Gesundheit-Umweltbeziehung + @@ -28073,9 +44778,10 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.amphibian A class of vertebrate animals characterized by a moist, glandular skin, gills at some stage of development, and no amnion during the embryonic stage. batracien - Amphibien - amfibieën anfibi + amfibieën + Amphibien + @@ -28085,9 +44791,12 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.health facility A facility or location where medical, dental, surgical, or nursing attention or treatment is provided to humans or animals. institution sanitaire - Gesundheitseinrichtung - (gezondheids)zorginstelling infrastruttura sanitaria + (gezondheids)zorginstelling + Gesundheitseinrichtung + + + @@ -28095,9 +44804,10 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. health hazard risque pour la santé - Gesundheitsgefährdung - gevaar voor de gezondheid rischio per la salute + gevaar voor de gezondheid + Gesundheitsgefährdung + @@ -28116,9 +44826,11 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.health legislation Laws, ordinances, or codes prescribing sanitary, clean air, etc., standards and regulations, designed to promote and preserve the health of the community and working conditions of businesses. législation sanitaire - Gesundheitsrecht - gezondheidswetgeving legislazione sanitaria + gezondheidswetgeving + Gesundheitsrecht + + @@ -28127,9 +44839,10 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. health protection protection de la santé - Gesundheitsschutz - gezondheidsbescherming protezione della salute + gezondheidsbescherming + Gesundheitsschutz + @@ -28141,9 +44854,11 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.health regulation A body of rules or orders prescribed by government or management to promote or protect the soundness of human bodies and minds in the workplace, at home or in the general environment. réglementation sanitaire - Gesundheitsrecht - gezondheidsvoorschrift regolamento sanitario + gezondheidsvoorschrift + Gesundheitsrecht + + @@ -28151,18 +44866,25 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.amusement park An open-air entertainment area consisting of stalls, side shows etc. parc de loisirs - Freizeitpark - pretpark parco dei divertimenti + pretpark + Freizeitpark + + + + health-related biotechnology Health-related biotechnologies are concerned with large-molecule protein pharmaceuticals, genetic engineering, etc. biotechnologie à but médical - Gesundheitsbezogene Biotechnologie - biotechnologie met betrekking tot de gezondheid biotecnologie collegate alla salute + biotechnologie met betrekking tot de gezondheid + Gesundheitsbezogene Biotechnologie + + + @@ -28170,9 +44892,11 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.health service The supply of health care to the public. service de santé - Gesundheitsdienst - gezondheidsdienst servizio sanitario + gezondheidsdienst + Gesundheitsdienst + + @@ -28181,9 +44905,11 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.hearing impairment A decrease in strength or any abnormality or partial or complete loss of hearing or of the function of ear, or hearing system, due directly or secondarily to pathology or injury; it may be either temporary or permanent. trouble de l'audition - Gehörschädigung - gehoorschade danno all'udito + gehoorschade + Gehörschädigung + + @@ -28191,18 +44917,22 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.hearing procedure Any prescribed course or mode of action governing the preliminary examination by a magistrate of basic evidence and charges to determine whether criminal proceedings, a trial or other judicial actions are justified. procédure d'audition - Anhörungsverfahren - hoorzitting procedura delle udienze + hoorzitting + Anhörungsverfahren + hearing protection The total of measures and devices implemented to preserve persons from harm to the faculty of perceiving sound. protection de l'ouïe - Gehörschutz - gehoorbescherming protezione dell'udito + gehoorbescherming + Gehörschutz + + + @@ -28210,9 +44940,11 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.hearing (sense) The general perceptual behaviour and the specific responses made in relation to sound stimuli. audition (sens) - Gehör - gehoor (zintuig) udito + gehoor (zintuig) + Gehör + + @@ -28221,9 +44953,11 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.heat (physics) A form of energy that is transferred by a difference in temperature: it is equal to the total kinetic energy of the atoms or molecules of a system. chaleur - Wärme - warmte (fysica) calore + warmte (fysica) + Wärme + + @@ -28231,9 +44965,14 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.heat and power station Power station which produces both electricity and hot water for the local population. A CHP (Combined Heat and Power Station) plant may operate on almost any fuel, including refuse. centrale à co-génération - Heizkraftwerk - warmtekrachtcentrale centrale combinata per la produzione di energia e il riscaldamento + warmtekrachtcentrale + Heizkraftwerk + + + + + @@ -28241,9 +44980,11 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.heater An apparatus that heats or provides heat. appareil de chauffage - Heizgerät - verwarmingstoestel apparecchiatura per riscaldamento + verwarmingstoestel + Heizgerät + + @@ -28251,18 +44992,22 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.heathland An area with poor acid soil, typically dominated by ling (Calluna) or heaths (Erica). lande - Heide - heide brughiera + heide + Heide + + heating A system for supplying heat, especially central heating, to a building. chauffage - Heizung - verwarming riscaldamento (industria) + verwarming + Heizung + + @@ -28273,9 +45018,12 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.heating plant Plant for producing and supplying heat. centrale de chauffage - Heizwerk - verwarmingsinstallatie impianto termico + verwarmingsinstallatie + Heizwerk + + + @@ -28285,9 +45033,11 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.heat pump A device which transfers heat from a cooler reservoir to a hotter one, expending mechanical energy in the process, especially when the main purpose is to heat the hot reservoir rather than refrigerate the cold one. pompe à chaleur - Wärmepumpe - warmtepomp pompa di calore + warmtepomp + Wärmepumpe + + @@ -28295,9 +45045,11 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.heat storage Keeping heat created during a period of low consumption until a peak period when it is needed. stockage de chaleur - Wärmespeicherung - opslag van warmte accumulo di calore + opslag van warmte + Wärmespeicherung + + @@ -28305,9 +45057,11 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.heat supply The provision of heating fuel, coal or other heating source materials, or the amount of heating capacity, for the use of a municipality, or other heat user. fourniture de chaleur - Wärmeversorgung - warmtevoorziening fornitura di calore + warmtevoorziening + Wärmeversorgung + + @@ -28318,9 +45072,12 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.anaerobic condition A mode of life carried on in the absence of molecular oxygen. anaerobiose - anaerobe Bedingungen - anaërobe voorwaarden condizione anaerobica + anaërobe voorwaarden + anaerobe Bedingungen + + + @@ -28329,27 +45086,36 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.heavy goods vehicle traffic Traffic of large motor vehicles designed to carry heavy loads. transport de marchandises lourdes - Schwerlastverkehr - vervoer van zware goederen traffico merci pesante lento + vervoer van zware goederen + Schwerlastverkehr + + + heavy metal load The amount of stress put on an ecosystem by heavy metal pollution released into it. charge en métaux lourds - Schwermetallbelastung - gehalte aan zware metalen carico da metalli pesanti + gehalte aan zware metalen + Schwermetallbelastung + + + + + heavy metal A metal whose specific gravity is approximately 5.0 or higher. métal lourd - Schwermetall - zware metalen metallo pesante + zware metalen + Schwermetall + @@ -28365,18 +45131,23 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.hedge A line of closely planted bushes or shrubs, marking the boundaries of a field. The type of hedge varies between parts of the country, and its age can be dated from the number of species of tree and shrub present. Over the last thirty years hedge-row removal has had a marked visual effect on lowland agricultural landscapes. From the farmer's point of view, in areas of predominant arable or intensively managed grazing, there is little or no economic justification for retaining hedges. haie - Hecke - haag siepe + haag + Hecke + + herbicide A chemical that controls or destroys undesirable plants. herbicide - Herbizid - herbicide erbicida + herbicide + Herbizid + + + @@ -28385,18 +45156,20 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.herbivore An animal that feeds on grass and other plants. herbivore - Pflanzenfresser - planteneter erbivoro + planteneter + Pflanzenfresser + heterocyclic compound Compound in which the ring structure is a combination of more than one kind of atom. hétérocycle - Heterozyklen - heterocyclische verbinding composti eterociclici + heterocyclische verbinding + Heterozyklen + @@ -28405,9 +45178,12 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.anaerobic process A process from which air or oxygen not in chemical combination is excluded. pocessus anaérobie - Anaerober Prozess - anaërobe proces processo anaerobico + anaërobe proces + Anaerober Prozess + + + @@ -28415,35 +45191,41 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.higher education Study beyond secondary school at an institution that offers programs terminating in undergraduate and graduate degrees. enseignement supérieur - Hochschulausbildung - hoger onderwijs istruzione superiore + hoger onderwijs + Hochschulausbildung + highland ecosystem The interacting systems of the biological communities and their non-living surroundings in regions of relatively high elevation, typically characterized by decreased air pressure and temperature, reduced oxygen availability and increased isolation. écosystème de montagne - Hochlandökosystem - ecosysteem van hooglanden ecosistema di altopiano + ecosysteem van hooglanden + Hochlandökosystem + + high mountain haute montagne - Hochgebirge - hoge berg alta montagna + hoge berg + Hochgebirge + + high protein food alimentation riche en protéines - Eiweißreiche Nahrung - proteïnerijk voedsel alimento altamente proteico + proteïnerijk voedsel + Eiweißreiche Nahrung + @@ -28451,18 +45233,22 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.high-rise building Any tall, multistoried structure or edifice that is equipped with elevators. immeuble de grande hauteur - Hochhaus - hoogbouw costruzione di grande altezza + hoogbouw + Hochhaus + + high-speed railway The term "high-speed traffic" encompasses all trains running at speeds over 200 km/h but also trains running at 200 km/h if the terrain, population density or economic reasons do not justify higher speeds. voie ferrée à grande vitesse - Hochgeschwindigkeitsbahn - hogesnelheids(spoor)lijn ferrovia ad alta velocità + hogesnelheids(spoor)lijn + Hochgeschwindigkeitsbahn + + @@ -28470,9 +45256,10 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.high-speed train Trains travelling at maximum speeds of 300kmh on special high-speed rail lines. train à grande vitesse - Hochgeschwindigkeitszug - hogesnelheidstrein treno ad alta velocità + hogesnelheidstrein + Hochgeschwindigkeitszug + @@ -28480,18 +45267,23 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.high tide water The level of water when the tide is at its highest level. marée haute - Gezeitenhochwasser - hoogwater acqua di alta marea + hoogwater + Gezeitenhochwasser + + high voltage line An electric line with a voltage on the order of thousands of volts. ligne à haute tension - Hochspannungsleitung - hoogspanningsleiding linea elettrica a alta tensione + hoogspanningsleiding + Hochspannungsleitung + + + @@ -28499,27 +45291,32 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.highway A public road especially an important road that joins cities or towns together. route - Öffentliche Straße - snelweg superstrada + snelweg + Öffentliche Straße + + hill A natural elevation of the land surface, rising rather prominently above the surrounding land, usually of limited extent and having a well-defined outline, rounded rather than peaked or rugged, with no specific definition of absolute elevation. colline - Hügel - heuvel collina + heuvel + Hügel + + analysis Examination or determination. analyse - Analyse - analyse analisi + analyse + Analyse + @@ -28546,63 +45343,75 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.historical evolution The process by which small but cumulative changes in the learned, nonrandom, systematic behavior and knowledge of a people occur from generation to generation. évolution historique - Historische Entwicklung - geschiedkundige evolutie evoluzione storica + geschiedkundige evolutie + Historische Entwicklung + historical monument Monument built in memory of an historical event. monument historique - Baudenkmal - geschiedkundig monument monumento di valore storico + geschiedkundig monument + Baudenkmal + + historical research The study of events in relation to their development over time. recherche historique - Geschichtliche Forschung - geschiedkundig onderzoek ricerca storica + geschiedkundig onderzoek + Geschichtliche Forschung + historical site Place where significant historical events occurred and which is important to an indigenous culture or a community. site historique - Historischer Standort - geschiedkundige plaats sito di valore storico + geschiedkundige plaats + Historischer Standort + + analysis programme programme d'analyse - Untersuchungsprogramm - analyseprogramma programma di analisi + analyseprogramma + Untersuchungsprogramm + history A systematic written account comprising a chronological record of events (as affecting a city, state, nation, institution, science, or art) and usually including a philosophical explanation of the cause and origin of such events. histoire - Geschichte - geschiedenis storia + geschiedenis + Geschichte + + holiday camp A place providing accommodation, recreational facilities, etc. for holiday-makers. camp de vacances - Ferienlager - vakantiekamp campo per vacanze + vakantiekamp + Ferienlager + + + @@ -28610,54 +45419,67 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.1) A period in which a break is taken from work or studies for rest, travel or recreation 2) A day on which work is suspended by law or custom, such as a religious festival, bank holiday, etc. vacances - Urlaub - vakantie vacanza + vakantie + Urlaub + + analytical chemistry The branch of chemistry dealing with techniques which yield any type of information about chemical systems. chimie analytique - Analytische Chemie - analytische scheikunde chimica analitica + analytische scheikunde + Analytische Chemie + + horse A large animal with four legs which people ride on or use for carrying things or pulling vehicles. cheval - Pferd - paard cavallo + paard + Pferd + + horticulture The art and science of growing plants. horticulture - Gartenbau - tuinbouw orticoltura + tuinbouw + Gartenbau + hospital A place where people who are ill or injured are treated and taken care of by doctors and nurses. hôpital - Krankenhaus - ziekenhuis ospedale + ziekenhuis + Krankenhaus + + + + hospital waste Solid waste, both biological and non-biological, produced by hospitals and discarded and not intended for further use. déchet hospitalier - Krankenhausabfall - ziekenhuisafval rifiuto di ospedale + ziekenhuisafval + Krankenhausabfall + + @@ -28665,26 +45487,34 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.hotel industry The industry related with the provision of lodging and usually meals and other services for travelers and other paying guests. industrie hôtelière - Gastronomiebetriebe - hotelsector industria alberghiera + hotelsector + Gastronomiebetriebe + + + + hot water eau chaude - Warmwasser - warm water acqua calda + warm water + Warmwasser + + analytical equipment Equipment employed in analytical techniques. appareil d'analyse - Analysenausrüstung - analytische apparatuur apparecchiatura per analisi + analytische apparatuur + Analysenausrüstung + + @@ -28693,9 +45523,10 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.household A group of persons sharing a home or living space, who aggregate and share their incomes, as evidenced by the fact that they regularly take meals together. ménage - Haushalt - huishouden nucleo familiare + huishouden + Haushalt + @@ -28705,26 +45536,32 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. household chemical produit chimique ménager - Haushaltschemikalien - huishoudchemicaliën prodotto chimico per uso domestico + huishoudchemicaliën + Haushaltschemikalien + + household goods Goods needed for living in a household. produits ménagers - Haushaltsware - huishoudelijke artikelen casalinghi + huishoudelijke artikelen + Haushaltsware + + analytical method méthode analytique - Analysenverfahren - analysemethode metodo di analisi + analysemethode + Analysenverfahren + + @@ -28733,9 +45570,11 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.1) Dwelling-houses collectively and the provision of these. 2) Shelter, lodging. logement - Unterkunft - huisvesting alloggio + huisvesting + Unterkunft + + @@ -28753,35 +45592,41 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.housing density The number of dwelling units or the residential population of a given geographic area. densité de l'habitat - Wohndichte - woningdichtheid densità di abitazioni + woningdichtheid + Wohndichte + + housing finance financement immobilier - Wohnungsbaufinanzierung - huisvestingsfinanciering finanziamento per l'alloggio + huisvestingsfinanciering + Wohnungsbaufinanzierung + housing improvement An addition, renovation or repair to a place of residence that increases its aesthetic, functional or financial value. amélioration des logements - Wohnverbesserung - woningverbetering miglioria degli alloggi + woningverbetering + Wohnverbesserung + + housing legislation A binding rule or body of rules prescribed by a government to regulate the buying, selling, leasing, construction or maintenance of dwelling places. législation immobilière - Wohnrecht - woningwetgeving legislazione sugli alloggi + woningwetgeving + Wohnrecht + @@ -28789,45 +45634,52 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. housing need besoin de logement - Wohnbedarf - woningnood fabbisogno di abitazioni + woningnood + Wohnbedarf + housing programme A planned system of projects, services or activities intended to support individuals or families in need of shelter, including transitional or permanent housing and safe havens for low-income, elderly or homeless populations. programme immobilier - Wohnungsbauprogramm - huisvestingsprogramma programma di assegnazione di alloggi + huisvestingsprogramma + Wohnungsbauprogramm + + housing quality standard A norm or measure applicable in legal cases and considered to reflect a relatively high grade or level of excellence in the construction, maintenance, operation, occupancy, use or appearance of dwelling units. norme de qualité des logements - Wohnqualitätsnorm - kwaliteitsnorm voor woningen standard di qualità degli alloggi + kwaliteitsnorm voor woningen + Wohnqualitätsnorm + swans, geese and ducks A family of waterfowl, including ducks, gees, mergansers, pochards and swans, in the order Anseriformes. anatidé - Entenvögel - Anatidae anatidi + Anatidae + Entenvögel + installation restoration The process of repairing or reconstructing an edifice in order to return it to its original condition. réhabilitation du logement - Anlagensanierung - herstelling van een installatie restauro di immobili + herstelling van een installatie + Anlagensanierung + + @@ -28839,18 +45691,20 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.human biology The study of human life and character. biologie humaine - Humanbiologie - menselijke biologie biologia umana + menselijke biologie + Humanbiologie + human disease An interruption, cessation or disorder of human bodily functions, systems or organs resulting from genetic or developmental errors, infection, nutritional deficiency, toxicity, illness or unfavorable environmental factors. maladie humaine - Menschliche Krankheit - menselijke ziekte malattia umana + menselijke ziekte + Menschliche Krankheit + @@ -28881,17 +45735,22 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.human ecology The study of the growth, distribution, and organization of human communities relative to their interrelationships with other humans and other species and with their environment. écologie humaine - Humanökologie - ecologie (als onderdeel van de sociologie) ecologia umana + ecologie (als onderdeel van de sociologie) + Humanökologie + + + human exposure to pollutants exposition des personnes aux polluants - Menschliche Schadstoffaussetzung - menselijke blootstelling aan vervuilende stoffen esposizione dell'uomo agli inquinanti + menselijke blootstelling aan vervuilende stoffen + Menschliche Schadstoffaussetzung + + @@ -28899,9 +45758,10 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.human health The avoidance of disease and injury and the promotion of normalcy through efficient use of the environment, a properly functioning society, and an inner sense of well-being. santé humaine - Menschliche Gesundheit - menselijke gezondheid salute umana + menselijke gezondheid + Menschliche Gesundheit + @@ -28912,9 +45772,10 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.human-made disaster Violent, sudden and destructive change in the environment caused by man. catastrophe anthropogénique - Anthropogene Katastrophe - door de mens veroorzaakte ramp disastro provocato dall'uomo + door de mens veroorzaakte ramp + Anthropogene Katastrophe + @@ -28926,27 +45787,32 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.human pathology Branch of medicine concerned with the cause, origin, and nature of disease, including the changes occurring as a result of disease. pathologie humaine - Humanpathologie - menselijke ziektenleer patologia umana + menselijke ziektenleer + Humanpathologie + + human physiology A branch of biological sciences that studies the functions of organs and tissues in human beings. physiologie humaine - Humanphysiologie - menselijke verrichtingsleer fisiologia umana + menselijke verrichtingsleer + Humanphysiologie + + human population Group of individuals having common characteristics. population - Bevölkerung - bevolking popolazione umana + bevolking + Bevölkerung + @@ -28960,9 +45826,11 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.anatomy The science concerned with the physical structure of animals and plants. anatomie - Anatomie - anatomie anatomia + anatomie + Anatomie + + @@ -28982,9 +45850,11 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.human rights The rights of individuals to liberty, justice, etc. droits de l'homme - Menschenrecht - mensenrechten diritti umani + mensenrechten + Menschenrecht + + @@ -28994,9 +45864,12 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.human settlement Cities, towns, villages, and other concentrations of human populations which inhabit a given segment or area of the environment. Human settlements are associated with numerous and complex environmental, pollution, and living condition problems for planning and management. établissement humain - Siedlung - nederzetting insediamento umano + nederzetting + Siedlung + + + @@ -29014,9 +45887,10 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. human settlement management gestion des établissements humains - Siedlungswirtschaft - beheer van (menselijke) vestigingen gestione degli insediamenti umani + beheer van (menselijke) vestigingen + Siedlungswirtschaft + @@ -29025,18 +45899,22 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.humus The more or less decomposed organic matter in the soil. Besides being the source of most of the mineral salts needed by plants, humus improves the texture of the soil and holds water, so reducing the loss of nutrients by leaching. humus - Humus - humus humus + humus + Humus + + hunting The pursuit and killing or capture of wild animals, regarded as a sport. chasse - Jagd - jacht caccia + jacht + Jagd + + @@ -29046,9 +45924,12 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.hunting reserve Area of land where the pursuit and killing or capture of game and wild animals is permitted. réserve de chasse - Jagdreservat - jachtgebied riserva di caccia + jachtgebied + Jagdreservat + + + @@ -29057,18 +45938,21 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.hurricane A tropical cyclone of great intensity; any wind reaching a speed of more than 73 miles per hour (117 kilometers per hour) is said to have hurricane force. cyclone - Hurrikan - orkaan uragano + orkaan + Hurrikan + + hybridisation The act or process of producing hybrids that is an animal or plant resulting from a cross between genetically unlike individuals. Hybrids between different species are usually sterile. hybridation - Hybridisierung - kruising ibridizzazione + kruising + Hybridisierung + @@ -29076,9 +45960,12 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.hydraulic construction Any structure built to route the flow of water, or to support the weight and pressure of a body of water. construction hydraulique - Wasserbau - waterbouwkundig bouwwerk costruzione idraulica + waterbouwkundig bouwwerk + Wasserbau + + + @@ -29091,9 +45978,11 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.hydraulic engineering A branch of civil engineering concerned with the design, erection, and construction of sewage disposal plants, waterworks, dams, water-operated power plants and such. génie hydraulique - Wasserbau - waterbouw ingegneria idraulica + waterbouw + Wasserbau + + @@ -29105,27 +45994,33 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.hydraulics The branch of science and technology concerned with the mechanics of fluids, especially liquids. hydraulique - Hydraulik - hydraulica idraulica + hydraulica + Hydraulik + + hydrobiology Study of organisms living in water. hydrobiologie - Hydrobiologie - hydrobiologie idrobiologia + hydrobiologie + Hydrobiologie + + + hydrocarbon A very large group of chemical compounds composed only of carbon and hydrogen. hydrocarbure - Kohlenwasserstoff - koolwaterstof idrocarburi + koolwaterstof + Kohlenwasserstoff + @@ -29134,9 +46029,10 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.hydrochloric acid A solution of hydrogen chloride gas in water; a poisonous, pungent liquid forming a constant-boiling mixture at 20% concentration in water; widely used as a reagent, in organic synthesis, in acidizing oil wells, ore reduction, food processing, and metal cleaning and pickling. Also known as muriatic acid. acide chlorhydrique - Salzsäure - zoutzuur acido cloridrico + zoutzuur + Salzsäure + @@ -29144,18 +46040,23 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.hydroculture Growing plants without soil but in sand or vermiculite or other granular material, using a liquid solution of nutrients to feed them. culture hors sol - Hydrokultur - hydrocultuur coltivazione idroponica + hydrocultuur + Hydrokultur + hydroelectric power plant Power station which operates with the free renewable source of energy provided by falling water. centrale hydroélectrique - Wasserkraftwerk - waterkrachtcentrale centrale idroelettrica + waterkrachtcentrale + Wasserkraftwerk + + + + @@ -29163,9 +46064,10 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.hydrogen A flammable colourless gas that is the lightest and most abundant element in the universe. It occurs mainly in water and in most organic compounds and is used in the production of ammonia and other chemicals, in the hydrogenation of fats and oils, and in welding. hydrogène - Wasserstoff - waterstof idrogeno + waterstof + Wasserstoff + @@ -29173,36 +46075,42 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.hydrogen sulphide Flammable, poisonous gas with characteristic odour of rotten eggs, perceptible in air in a dilution of 0.002 mg/l. It is used as a reagent in chemical analysis; extremely hazardous; collapse, coma and death from respiratory failure may come within a few seconds after one or two inspirations; low concentrations produce irritation of conjunctiva and mucous membranes. Headache, dizziness, nausea, lassitude may appear after exposure. sulfure d'hydrogène - Schwefelwasserstoff - zwavelwaterstof idrogeno solforato + zwavelwaterstof + Schwefelwasserstoff + + hydrogeology The science dealing with the occurrence of surface and ground water, its utilization, and its functions in modifying the earth, primarily by erosion and deposition. hydrogéologie - Hydrogeologie - hydrogeologie idrogeologia + hydrogeologie + Hydrogeologie + hydrography Science which deals with the measurement and description of the physical features of the oceans, lakes, rivers, and their adjoining coastal areas, with particular reference to their control and utilization. hydrographie - Hydrographie - hydrografie idrografia + hydrografie + Hydrographie + + angiosperm The class of seed plants that includes all the flowering plants, characterized by the possession of flowers. The ovules, which become seeds after fertilization, are enclosed in ovaries. The xylem contains true vessels. The angiospermae are divided into two subclasses: Monocotyledoneae and Dycotiledoneae. angiospermes - Bedecktsamer - bedektzadigen angiosperme + bedektzadigen + Bedecktsamer + @@ -29210,9 +46118,12 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.hydrologic disaster Violent, sudden and destructive change either in the quality of the earth's water or in the distribution or movement of water on land, below the surface or in the atmosphere. catastrophe hydrologique - Wasserkatastrophe - hydrologische ramp disastro idrologico + hydrologische ramp + Wasserkatastrophe + + + @@ -29220,9 +46131,11 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.hydrologic balance An accounting of the inflow to, outflow from, and storage in a hydrologic unit such as a drainage basin, aquifer, soil zone, lake or reservoir; the relationship between evaporation, precipitation, runoff, and the change in water storage. bilan hydrologique - Wasserbilanz - waterbalans bilancio idrologico + waterbalans + Wasserbilanz + + @@ -29233,9 +46146,11 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.hydrologic cycle The movement of water between the oceans, ground surface and atmosphere by evaporation, precipitation and the activity of living organisms, as one of the mayor biogeochemical cycles. Each day water evaporates from the oceans and is carried in the air from the sea over the land, which receives it as precipitation, and finally returns from the land to the sea through rivers, thus completing the cycle. cycle de l'eau - Wasserkreislauf - waterkringloop ciclo idrologico + waterkringloop + Wasserkreislauf + + @@ -29253,9 +46168,11 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.hydrology The science that treats the occurrence, circulation, distribution, and properties of the waters of the earth, and their reaction with the environment. hydrologie - Hydrologie - hydrologie idrologia + hydrologie + Hydrologie + + @@ -29263,36 +46180,43 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.1) Decomposition or alteration of a chemical substance by water. 2) In aqueous solutions of electrolytes, the reactions of cations with water to produce a weak base or of anions to produce a weak acid. hydrolyse - Hydrolyse - hydrolyse idrolisi + hydrolyse + Hydrolyse + angling The art or sport of catching fish with a rod and line and a baited hook or other lure, such as a fly. pêche à la ligne - Angeln - hengelsport pesca sportiva + hengelsport + Angeln + + hydrometeorology That part of meteorology of direct concern to hydrologic problems, particularly to flood control, hydroelectric power, irrigation, and similar fields of engineering and water resource. hydrométéorologie - Hydrometeorologie - hydrometeorologie idrometeorologia + hydrometeorologie + Hydrometeorologie + + water power Energy obtained from natural or artificial waterfalls, either directly by turning a water wheel or turbine, or indirectly by generating electricity in a dynamo driven by a turbine. énergie hydraulique - Wasserkraft - waterkracht energia idrica + waterkracht + Wasserkraft + + @@ -29300,9 +46224,10 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.hydrosphere The waters of the Earth, as distinguished from the rocks (lithosphere), living things (biosphere), and the air (atmosphere). Includes the waters of the ocean; rivers, lakes, and other bodies of surface water in liquid form on the continents; snow, ice, and glaciers; and liquid water, ice, and water vapour in both the unsaturated and saturated zones below the land surface. Included by some, but excluded by others, is water in the atmosphere , which includes water vapour, clouds, and all forms of precipitation while still in the atmosphere. hydrosphère - Hydrosphäre - hydrosfeer idrosfera + hydrosfeer + Hydrosphäre + @@ -29315,9 +46240,10 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.hygiene The science that deals with the principles and practices of good health. hygiène - Hygiene - hygiëne igiene + hygiëne + Hygiene + @@ -29326,9 +46252,10 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.hymenopteran Insects including bees, wasps, ants, and sawflies, having two pair of membranous wings and an ovipositor specialized for stinging, sawing or piercing. hymenoptère - Hautflügler - vliesvleugeligen imenotteri + vliesvleugeligen + Hautflügler + @@ -29336,9 +46263,12 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.ice The dense substance formed by the freezing of water to the solid state; it commonly occurs in the form of hexagonal crystals. glace - Eis - ijs ghiaccio + ijs + Eis + + + @@ -29347,18 +46277,24 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.iceberg A large mass of detached land ice floating in the sea or stranded in shallow water. iceberg - Eisberg - ijsberg iceberg + ijsberg + Eisberg + + + ice pack Large areas of floating ice, usually occurring in polar seas, consisting of separate pieces that have become massed together. banquise - Packeis - pakijs banchisa + pakijs + Packeis + + + @@ -29367,27 +46303,31 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.identification of pollutants The determination of the specific substance or substances that are causing pollution. identification des polluants - Schadstoffbestimmung - bepaling van vervuilende stoffen identificazione degli inquinanti + bepaling van vervuilende stoffen + Schadstoffbestimmung + + ideology A body of ideas that reflects the beliefs and interest of a nation, political system, etc. and underlies political action. idéologie - Ideologie - ideologie ideologia + ideologie + Ideologie + image processing The process of converting 'raw' remotely sensed data into a usable form through the application of various transformations such as supervised and unsupervised classification schemes. traitement de l'image - Bildverarbeitung - beeldverwerking elaborazione di immagini + beeldverwerking + Bildverarbeitung + @@ -29395,36 +46335,42 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.IMCO code Codes published by Intergovernmental Maritime Consultative Organisation (IMCO) relating to international shipping, particularly regarding safety and marine pollution. codification OMCI - IMCO-Code - IMCO-code codice IMCO + IMCO-code + IMCO-Code + + + bastardisation of fauna One of the possible consequences of the introduction of animal species in an area where they are not indigenous. Such translocation of species always involves an element of risk if not of serious danger. Newly arrived species may be highly competitive with or otherwise adversely affect native species and communities. introduction d'espèces animales étrangères - Faunenverfälschung - faunavervalsing imbastardimento della fauna spontanea + faunavervalsing + Faunenverfälschung + bastardisation of flora One of the possible consequences of the introduction of plant species in an area where they are not indigenous. introduction d'espèces végétales étrangères - Florenverfälschung - floravervalsing imbastardimento della flora spontanea + floravervalsing + Florenverfälschung + immission The reception of material, such as pollutants, by the environment and from any source. immission - Immission - immissies immissione + immissies + Immission + @@ -29436,9 +46382,14 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.immission control Legislative and administrative procedures aimed at reducing the damage caused by emissions. Pollution control programmes are normally based on human-oriented acceptable dose limits. A very important measure concerns the organisation of an emission inventory. contrôle des immisions - Immissionsschutz - immissiebeheersing controllo delle immissioni + immissiebeheersing + Immissionsschutz + + + + + @@ -29446,18 +46397,27 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. immission control law loi de contrôle des immissions - Immissionsschutzgesetz - immissiebeheersingswet legge sul controllo delle immissioni + immissiebeheersingswet + Immissionsschutzgesetz + + + + + immission damage Damage caused by pollution from a distinct source of emission. dégât d'immission - Immissionsschaden - immissieschade danno da immissioni + immissieschade + Immissionsschaden + + + + @@ -29465,9 +46425,10 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.animal behaviour Behaviour of animals in their normal environment, including all the processes, both internal and external, by which they respond to changes in their environment. comportement animal - Tierverhalten - dierengedrag comportamento animale + dierengedrag + Tierverhalten + @@ -29475,9 +46436,13 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.immission forecast The prediction of immissions is calculated on the basis of the pollutant load, the source height, the wind speed and the dispersion coefficient. prévisions des immissions - Immissionsprognose - voorspelde immissie previsione delle immissioni + voorspelde immissie + Immissionsprognose + + + + @@ -29485,9 +46450,13 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.immission limit Maximum levels of selected pollutants which would lead to unacceptable air quality. limitation des immissions - Immissionsgrenzwert - immissiegrens limite delle immissioni + immissiegrens + Immissionsgrenzwert + + + + @@ -29495,18 +46464,21 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.immission load The total amount of immissions introduced in a given environment. charge d'immission - Immissionsbelastung - immissielast carico di immissione + immissielast + Immissionsbelastung + immune system A body system that helps an organism to resist disease, through the activities of specialised blood cells or antibodies produced by them in response to natural exposure or inoculation. système immunitaire - Immunsystem - immuniteitsysteem sistema immunitario + immuniteitsysteem + Immunsystem + + @@ -29516,27 +46488,31 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.immunity The ability of an organism to resist disease or toxins by natural or artificial means. immunité - Immunität - immuniteit immunità + immuniteit + Immunität + immunoassay Any of several methods for the quantitative determination of chemical substances such as hormones, drugs, and certain proteins that utilize the highly specific binding between an antigen and an antibody. test immunologique - Immunoassay - immuniteitsonderzoek saggio immunologico + immuniteitsonderzoek + Immunoassay + + immunological disease The disruption of the complex system of interacting cells, cell products and cell-forming tissues that protects the body from pathogens, destroys infected and malignant cells and removes cellular debris. maladie immunologique - Immunologische Krankheit - immunologische ziekte malattia immunologica + immunologische ziekte + Immunologische Krankheit + @@ -29544,18 +46520,23 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.immunology A branch of biological science concerned with the native or acquired resistance of higher animal forms and humans to infection with microorganisms. immunologie - Immunologie - immunologie immunologia + immunologie + Immunologie + + + impact assessment Evaluation of the effect of a project upon the environment. évaluation de l'impact - Verträglichkeitsprüfung - het inschatten van het effect van iets valutazione degli impatti + het inschatten van het effect van iets + Verträglichkeitsprüfung + + @@ -29567,9 +46548,11 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.impact minimisation Actions, procedures or installations undertaken to reduce the extent or degree of negative effects on human health and the ecosystem introduced by human design or interaction with the environment. minimisation de l'impact - Wirkungsminimierung - het minimaliseren van de effecten van iets minimizzazione degli impatti + het minimaliseren van de effecten van iets + Wirkungsminimierung + + @@ -29578,27 +46561,32 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.impactor Instrument which samples atmospheric suspensoids by impaction; such instruments consist of a housing which constrains the air flow past a sensitized sampling plate. impacteur - Impaktor - proefhoofd conimetro ad urto + proefhoofd + Impaktor + impact prevention Precautionary measures, actions or installations implemented to avert negative effects on the environment. prévention de l'impact - Vorbeugung gegen Schadwirkungen - het voorkomen van de effecten van iets prevenzione degli impatti + het voorkomen van de effecten van iets + Vorbeugung gegen Schadwirkungen + + impact source Elements of an action which cause damage to the surrounding environment. sources d'immission - Wirkungsquellen - impactbronnen sorgente di impatto + impactbronnen + Wirkungsquellen + + @@ -29610,9 +46598,10 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. implementation law loi de mise en oeuvre - Ausführungsgesetz - uitvoeringswet legge esecutiva + uitvoeringswet + Ausführungsgesetz + @@ -29620,27 +46609,33 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.import The act of bringing goods and merchandise into a country from a foreign country. importation - Einfuhr - invoer importazione + invoer + Einfuhr + + import licence Permission from a government to bring within its borders and sell a product manufactured in a foreign country. permis d'importation - Einfuhrlizenz - invoervergunning licenza di importazione + invoervergunning + Einfuhrlizenz + animal disease maladie animale - Tierkrankheit - dierenziekte malattia degli animali + dierenziekte + Tierkrankheit + + + @@ -29650,45 +46645,52 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. impoverishment appauvrissement - Verarmung - verarming impoverimento + verarming + Verarmung + impregnating agent A material used to fill holes in wood, plaster, or other surfaces before applying a coating such as paint or varnish. agent d'imprégnation - Imprägnierungsmittel - impregneermiddel impregnante + impregneermiddel + Imprägnierungsmittel + + impregnation (materials) The forcing of a liquid substance into the spaces of a porous solid in order to change its properties, as the impregnation of wood with creosote to preserve its integrity against water damage. imprégnation - Imprägnierung - doordrenking (materialen) impregnazione + doordrenking (materialen) + Imprägnierung + improvement of efficiency The beneficial development or progress in the volume of output that is achieved in terms of productivity and input, or in getting the maximum possible output from given or allocated resources. amélioration de l'efficacité - Wirkungsgradverbesserung - de verhoging van de efficiëntie miglioramento del grado di efficienza + de verhoging van de efficiëntie + Wirkungsgradverbesserung + sudden load Sudden immission in considerable amount of one or more pollutants in the atmosphere, in a water body or in the soil. charge impulsionnelle - Stossbelastung - impulslading carico improvviso di inquinanti + impulslading + Stossbelastung + + @@ -29696,18 +46698,24 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.impulsive noise Noise characterized by transient short-duration disturbances distributed essentially uniformly over the useful passband of a transmission system. bruit impulsif - Impulsschall - impulsgeluid rumore impulsivo + impulsgeluid + Impulsschall + incineration Controlled process by which solid, liquid, or gaseous combustible wastes are burned and changed into gases; residue produced contains little or no combustible material. incinération - Verbrennung - verbranding incenerimento + verbranding + Verbrennung + + + + + @@ -29720,9 +46728,13 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.incineration of waste The controlled burning of solid, liquid, or gaseous combustible wastes to produce gases and solid residues containing little or no combustible material in order to reduce the bulk of the original waste materials. incinération des déchets - Abfallverbrennung - afvalverbranding incenerimento di rifiuti + afvalverbranding + Abfallverbrennung + + + + @@ -29736,9 +46748,11 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.incinerator Device which burns waste. incinérateur - Verbrennungsanlage - verbrandingsinstallatie inceneritore + verbrandingsinstallatie + Verbrennungsanlage + + @@ -29747,27 +46761,33 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.slope The inclined surface of any part of the Earth's surface, as a hillslope; also, a broad part of a continent descending toward an ocean, as the Pacific slope. pente - Hang - helling pendio + helling + Hang + + income The gain derived from capital, from labour or effort, or both combined, including profit or gain through sale or conversion of capital. revenu - Einkommen - inkomen reddito + inkomen + Einkommen + + incorporation incorporation - Inkorporation - opname incorporazione + opname + Inkorporation + + @@ -29776,36 +46796,44 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.animal dung as fuel Excrement from animals that may be dried and burned to generate energy or converted to liquid or gaseous fuels, such as methane, through chemical processes. utilisation du fumier (séché) comme carburant - Stalldünger als Kraftstoff - dierlijke uitwerpselen als brandstof sterco come combustibile + dierlijke uitwerpselen als brandstof + Stalldünger als Kraftstoff + + + indemnity Financial compensation, reimbursement or security for damages or loss offered by a government, insurance policy or contractual agreement under specified conditions and for specific casualties. indemnisation - Schadenersatz - schadevergoeding indennizzo + schadevergoeding + Schadenersatz + Indian Ocean A body of water between the continents of Africa, Antarctica, Asia and Australia including the Bay of Bengal in the east and the Arabian Sea (with the Red Sea, the Gulf of Aden and the Persian Gulf) in the west, and containing several islands and island chains, such as the Andaman, Nicobar and Seychelles. Océan indien - Indischer Ozean - Indische Oceaan Oceano Indiano + Indische Oceaan + Indischer Ozean + indicator Something that provides an indication especially of trends. indicateur - Indikator - indicator indicatore + indicator + Indikator + + + @@ -29818,9 +46846,12 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.acid deposition A type of pollution which washes out of the atmosphere as dilute sulphuric and nitric acids. It tends to be a regional rather than a global phenomenon, linked to particular industrial activities and meteorological conditions. It includes rain, more than normally acidic snow, mist, sleet, fog, gas and dry particles. It upsets the balance of nature, disrupting ecosystems, and destroys forests and woodlands, plants and crops; kills aquatic life by altering the chemical balance of lakes and rivers and corrodes building materials and fabrics. The pollutants are caused principally by discharges from power station chimneys of sulphur dioxide and nitrogen oxides released by burning fossil fuels, coal and oil. retombée acide - Saure Deposition - zure neerslag deposizione acida + zure neerslag + Saure Deposition + + + @@ -29829,71 +46860,88 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.animal ecology A study of the relationships of animals to their environment. écologie animale - Tierökologie - dierenecologie ecologia animale + dierenecologie + Tierökologie + indicator of environmental management indicateur du management environnemental - Umweltindikator - milieubeheerindicator indicatore di gestione ambientale + milieubeheerindicator + Umweltindikator + + + + indicator of environmental quality Qualitative or quantitative parameter used as a measure of an environmental condition, e.g. of air or water quality. indicateur de la qualité environnementale - Umweltqualitätsindikator - milieukwaliteitsindicator indicatore di qualità ambientale + milieukwaliteitsindicator + Umweltqualitätsindikator + indigenous forest Forests which are native to a given area. forêt primaire - Naturwald - inheems bos foresta indigena + inheems bos + Naturwald + + + indigenous technology Technologies employed by the native inhabitants of a country and which constitute an important part of its cultural heritage and should therefore be protected against exploitation by industrialized countries; the problem of indigenous knowledge has been discussed during the Rio Conference but it does not receive much protection under the Biodiversity Convention. Article 8 mandates that parties "respect, preserve and maintain knowledge, innovations and practices of indigenous and local communities embodying traditional life styles... and promote their wider application with the approval and involvement of holders of such knowledge, innovations and practices and encourage the equitable sharing of benefits arising from them". technologie indigène - Einheimische Technologie - inheemse technologie tecnologia indigena + inheemse technologie + Einheimische Technologie + + indirect discharger A non-domestic source introducing pollutants into a publicly owned waste-treatment system. Indirect dischargers can be commercial or industrial facilities whose wastes enter local sewers. inducer indirect - Indirekteinleiter - indirecte inductor introduttore indiretto + indirecte inductor + Indirekteinleiter + indoor air pollution Chemical, physical or biological contaminants in the air inside buildings and other enclosed spaces occupied by humans. This pollution can arise from tobacco smoke, pesticides, cleaning agents, gases released from building materials, rugs, household products, etc. pollution atmosphérique intérieure - Luftverschmutzung von Innenräumen - luchtvervuiling binnenshuis inquinamento atmosferico in ambiente confinato + luchtvervuiling binnenshuis + Luftverschmutzung von Innenräumen + + + + animal experiment Investigation carried out in animals for research purposes. expérimentation animale - Tierversuch - dierenproef sperimentazione animale + dierenproef + Tierversuch + @@ -29901,9 +46949,12 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.indoor environment Environment situated in the inside of a house or other building. environnement intérieur - Innenraum - binnenmilieu ambiente confinato + binnenmilieu + Innenraum + + + @@ -29912,53 +46963,66 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.industrial area Areas allocated for industry within a town-planning scheme or environmental plan. The range of industries accommodated in a plan may include: light industry, service industry, general industry, hazardous, noxious or offensive industry, waterfront industry, extractive industry. Standards are usually defined for industrial areas relating to access and roads, drainage, car parking, aesthetics, landscaping, buffer zones, noise levels, and air and water pollution. zone industrielle - Industriegebiet - industriegebied area industriale + industriegebied + Industriegebiet + + + industrial association association industrielle - Industrieverband - industriebond associazione industriale + industriebond + Industrieverband + + + industrial building A building directly used in manufacturing or technically productive enterprises. Industrial buildings are not generally or typically accessible to other than workers. Industrial buildings include buildings used directly in the production of power, the manufacture of products, the mining of raw materials, and the storage of textiles, petroleum products, wood and paper products, chemicals, plastics, and metals. bâtiment industriel - Betriebsgebäude - industrieel bedrijfsgebouw edificio industriale + industrieel bedrijfsgebouw + Betriebsgebäude + + industrial crop Any crop that provides materials for industrial processes and products such as soybeans, cotton (lint and seed), flax, and tobacco. culture industrielle - Industriepflanze - industriële gewassen coltura industriale + industriële gewassen + Industriepflanze + industrial development développement industriel - Industrielle Entwicklung - industriële ontwikkeling sviluppo industriale + industriële ontwikkeling + Industrielle Entwicklung + + industrial dumping The disposal of any waste generated by a manufacturing or processing process by the agency or body which produced it. décharge industrielle - Industriehalde - industriële stortplaats scarico industriale + industriële stortplaats + Industriehalde + + @@ -29966,9 +47030,11 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.industrial economics The production, distribution, and consumption of goods and services resulting from all manufacturing business. économie industrielle - Industrieökonomie - industriële economie economia industriale + industriële economie + Industrieökonomie + + @@ -29976,9 +47042,11 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.industrial effluent Materials generally discarded from industrial operations or derived from manufacturing processes. effluent industriel - Industrieabwasser - industrieel afvalwater effluente industriale + industrieel afvalwater + Industrieabwasser + + @@ -29986,9 +47054,13 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.animal foodstuff Any crops or other food substances for animal consumption. aliment pour animaux - Tierfutter - dierenvoeder alimento per animali + dierenvoeder + Tierfutter + + + + @@ -29998,9 +47070,11 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.industrial emission Gas-borne pollutants discharged into the atmosphere from smokestacks of industrial plants. émissions industrielles - Industrieemission - industrie-uitstoot emissioni industriali + industrie-uitstoot + Industrieemission + + @@ -30013,9 +47087,11 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.industrial environmental policy The guiding procedure, philosophy or course of action for the protection of natural resources from pollution generated by manufacturing or business enterprises. politique environnementale industrielle - Industrie-Umweltpolitik - industriële milieuzorg politica ambientale aziendale + industriële milieuzorg + Industrie-Umweltpolitik + + @@ -30026,9 +47102,10 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.industrial equipment Equipment related to industrial activities. équipement industriel - Industrieausrüstung - industriële uitrusting apparecchiatura industriale + industriële uitrusting + Industrieausrüstung + @@ -30052,18 +47129,22 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.industrial fume Any smokelike or vaporous exhalation from matters or substances, especially of an odorous or harmful nature, which result from trading, commercial or manufacturing processes. fumée industrielle - Industrielles Abgas - industriële rook fumi industriali + industriële rook + Industrielles Abgas + + industrial installation A device, system or piece of equipment installed for a particular industry. installation industrielle - Industrieanlage - industriële installatie installazione industriale + industriële installatie + Industrieanlage + + @@ -30077,18 +47158,23 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.industrialisation The process whereby manufacturing industry comes to occupy the predominant position in a national or regional economy. industrialisation - Industrialisierung - industrialisatie industrializzazione + industrialisatie + Industrialisierung + + industrial legislation A binding rule or body of rules prescribed by a government to regulate working conditions or the acquisition, processing and disposal of materials by the aggregate of factories, companies and enterprises in one or more manufacturing or technically productive fields. législation industrielle - Industrierecht - industriële wetgeving legislazione industriale + industriële wetgeving + Industrierecht + + + @@ -30096,18 +47182,22 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. industrial material matériau industriel - Industrieller Stoff - industrieel materiaal materiale per l'industria + industrieel materiaal + Industrieller Stoff + + animal genetics The scientific study of the hereditary material of animals for theoretical and practical applications such as increased population, conservation and disease research. génétique animale - Tiergenetik - dierlijke erfelijkheidsleer genetica animale + dierlijke erfelijkheidsleer + Tiergenetik + + @@ -30115,9 +47205,12 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.industrial medicine The branch of medicine which deals with the relationship of humans to their occupations, for the purpose of the prevention of disease and injury and the promotion of optimal health, productivity, and social adjustment. médecine du travail en industrie - Arbeitsmedizin - industriële geneeskunde medicina del lavoro + industriële geneeskunde + Arbeitsmedizin + + + @@ -30125,9 +47218,11 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.industrial noise Noise produced by industrial plants activities. bruit industriel - Industrielärm - industrieel lawaai rumore di origine industriale + industrieel lawaai + Industrielärm + + @@ -30135,9 +47230,11 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.industrial planning The process of making arrangements or preparations to facilitate the manufacturing, producing and processing of goods or merchandise. planning industriel - Industrieplanung - industriële planning pianificazione industriale + industriële planning + Industrieplanung + + @@ -30146,9 +47243,11 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.industrial plant (building) Buildings where the operations related to industrial productive processes are carried out. établissement industriel (bâtiment) - Industrieanlage - fabriek impianto industriale + fabriek + Industrieanlage + + @@ -30174,9 +47273,10 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.industrial policy Course of action adopted by national government to support and promote industrial activities. politique industrielle - Industriepolitik - industrieel beleid politica industriale + industrieel beleid + Industriepolitik + @@ -30193,18 +47293,21 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.industrial pollution Pollution as a result of industrial processes and manufacturing. pollution industrielle - Industriebedingte Umweltverschmutzung - industriële vervuiling inquinamento industriale + industriële vervuiling + Industriebedingte Umweltverschmutzung + + industrial process processus industriel - Industrielle Verfahren - industriële processen processi industriali + industriële processen + Industrielle Verfahren + @@ -30284,25 +47387,32 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.industrial production Any process of converting or transforming raw materials and other resources into goods or services which have value. production industrielle - Industrieproduktion - industriële productie produzione industriale + industriële productie + Industrieproduktion + + industrial production statistics statistiques de la production industrielle - Industrieproduktionsstatistik - industriële productiestatistieken statistica della produzione industriale + industriële productiestatistieken + Industrieproduktionsstatistik + + + industrial product produit industriel - Industrieprodukt - industrieel product prodotti industriali + industrieel product + Industrieprodukt + + @@ -30340,18 +47450,23 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.industrial property right A justifiable claim granted by government or some other authority that offers protection or excludes others from making, using or selling an invention, a unique design of an article of manufacture or some other creation or discovery. droit de propriété industrielle - Schutzrecht - industrieel eigendomsrecht diritto di protezione industriale + industrieel eigendomsrecht + Schutzrecht + + industrial site The location for the individual manufacturing firm. site industriel - Industriestandort - industriële locatie sito industriale + industriële locatie + Industriestandort + + + @@ -30366,27 +47481,36 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.industrial sludge Sludge produced as a result of industrial production processes or manufacturing. boue industrielle - Industrieschlamm - industrieel slib fango industriale + industrieel slib + Industrieschlamm + + + industrial society A large-scale community with diverse manufacturing sectors and an infrastructure and economy based on the science, technology and instrumental rationality of the modern West. société industrielle - Industriegesellschaft - industriële samenleving società industriale + industriële samenleving + Industriegesellschaft + + + industrial waste Waste materials discarded from industrial operations, or derived from manufacturing processes; may be solid, sludge (wet solids) or liquid wastes and may or may not be considered hazardous. déchet industriel - Industrieabfall - industrieel afval rifiuto industriale + industrieel afval + Industrieabfall + + + @@ -30395,9 +47519,12 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.industrial waste gas Waste gases resulting from manufacturing and other industrial processes which may be treated and released, treated and reused or released without treatment. effluent gazeux industriel - Industrieabgas - industrieel afvoergas gas di rifiuto industriale + industrieel afvoergas + Industrieabgas + + + @@ -30405,9 +47532,12 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.industrial waste water Waste water that results from industrial processes and manufacturing. It may either be disposed of separately or become part of the sanitary or combined sewage. eau usée industrielle - Industrieabwasser - industrieel afvalwater acqua di rifiuto industriale + industrieel afvalwater + Industrieabwasser + + + @@ -30416,18 +47546,24 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.industrial zoning A system of land use planning that forms zones or boundaries to be used only by manufacturing or business enterprises. zonage industriel - Industrieansiedlung - industrieel gebied zonizzazione industriale + industrieel gebied + Industrieansiedlung + + + + industry An industry is a group of establishments engaged in the same or similar kinds of economic activities. Industries produce commodities that are sold with the expectation of recovering the total cost of production. A single industry can produce many different commodities. industrie - Industrie - industrie industria + industrie + Industrie + + @@ -30478,54 +47614,66 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.animal housing Any kind of shelter, refuge affording protection to animals. logement pour animaux - Tierbehausung - dierenhuisvesting alloggio per animali + dierenhuisvesting + Tierbehausung + + + inertisation The process of waste inertisation includes solidification and stabilisation; stabilisation is the process used for reduction of hazard potential of the waste by converting the contaminants into their least soluble, least immobile, or least toxic form. Solidification physically binds or encapsulates the waste in a monolithic solid of high structural integrity. Thus solidification may be used for powders, liquids or gases. inertage - Inertisierung - inert makend inertizzazione + inert makend + Inertisierung + + inert waste Wastes that do not undergo any significant physical, chemical, or biological transformations when deposited in a landfill. déchet inerte - Inertabfall - inert afval rifiuto inerte + inert afval + Inertabfall + infant mortality The rate of deaths occurring in the first year of life for a given population. mortalité infantile - Säuglingssterblichkeit - kindersterfte mortalità infantile + kindersterfte + Säuglingssterblichkeit + + infection The entry and development or multiplication of an infectious agent in the body of a living organism. infection - Infektion - ontsteking infezione + ontsteking + Infektion + + + infectious disease Pathogenic condition resulting from invasion of an host by a pathogen that propagates causing infection. maladie infectieuse - Infektionskrankheit - besmettelijke ziekte malattia infettiva + besmettelijke ziekte + Infektionskrankheit + @@ -30534,18 +47682,23 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.infestation of crops Invasion of crop by parasites. Among vertebrate animals, many crop pests are mammals, especially in the order of rodents and birds. Among invertebrates, certain species of gastropods and a large number of roundworms from the class of nematodes harm crops. The most varied and numerous species of crop pests are arthropods-insects, arachnids and some species of millipedes and crustaceans. Diseases vary from viral, bacterial, and nutritional to fungal, environmental and non-specific. The FAO has estimated that annual worldwide losses done by plant pests and diseases amount to approximately 20-25% of the potential worldwide yield of food crops. infestation des cultures - Pflanzenbefall - besmetting van gewassen infestazione di raccolti + besmetting van gewassen + Pflanzenbefall + + + animal husbandry A branch of agriculture concerned with the breeding and feeding of domestic animals. élevage - Tierhaltung - veehouderij allevamento di animali + veehouderij + Tierhaltung + + @@ -30561,18 +47714,23 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.infestation of food Food that has been contaminated and deteriorated by some kind of pest. infestation des aliments - Lebensmittelbefall - voedselbesmetting infestazione di alimenti + voedselbesmetting + Lebensmittelbefall + + + infiltration Movement of water through the soil surface into the ground. infiltration - Infiltration - indringing infiltrazione + indringing + Infiltration + + @@ -30580,9 +47738,12 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.inflammable substance Substance liable to catch fire. substance inflammable - Brennbarer Stoff - brandgevaarlijke stof sostanza infiammabile + brandgevaarlijke stof + Brennbarer Stoff + + + @@ -30591,26 +47752,31 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.1) Water other than wastewater that enters a sewer system (including sewer service connections) from sources such as, but not limited to, roof leaders, cellars drains, yard drains, area drains, drains from springs and swampy areas, manhole covers, cross connections between storm sewers and sanitary sewers, catch basins, cooling towers, storm waters, surface runoff, street wash waters, or drainage. Inflow does not include, and is distinguished from, infiltration. 2) Action of flowing in; an inflow of effluent into a river. affluent - Zufluss - instroom afflusso + instroom + Zufluss + + informal negotiation négociation informelle - Informales Verwaltungshandeln - informeel overleg negoziato informale + informeel overleg + Informales Verwaltungshandeln + informatics Science and technique of data elaboration and of automatic treatment of information. informatique - Informatik - informatica informatica + informatica + Informatik + + @@ -30625,9 +47791,11 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.information All facts, ideas or imaginative works of the mind which have been communicated, published or distributed formally or informally in any format, or the knowledge that is communicated or received. information - Information - informatie informazione + informatie + Information + + @@ -30651,9 +47819,10 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.information processing A systematic series of actions performed by a person or computer on data elements including classifying, sorting, calculating, summarizing, transmitting, retrieving and receiving. traitement de l'information - Informationsverarbeitung - informatieverwerking trattamento dell'informazione + informatieverwerking + Informationsverarbeitung + @@ -30662,18 +47831,20 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.information service An organized system of providing assistance or aid to individuals who are seeking information, such as by using databases and other information sources to communicate or supply knowledge or factual data. service d'information - Informationsdienst - informatiedienst servizio informativo + informatiedienst + Informationsdienst + information source Generally, any resource initiating and substantiating the reception of knowledge or specifically, the origin of a data transmission. source d'information - Informationsquelle - informatiebron fonte d'informazione + informatiebron + Informationsquelle + @@ -30681,9 +47852,10 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.information system Any coordinated assemblage of persons, devices and institutions used for communicating or exchanging knowledge or data, such as by simple verbal communication, or by completely computerized methods of storing, searching and retrieving information. système d'information - Informationssystem - informatiesysteem sistema informativo + informatiesysteem + Informationssystem + @@ -30698,9 +47870,11 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.information technology The systems, equipment, components and software required to ensure the retrieval, processing and storage of information in all centres of human activity (home, office, factory, etc.), the application of which generally requires the use of electronics or similar technology. technologie de l'information - Informationstechnologie - informatietechnologie tecnologia dell'informazione + informatietechnologie + Informationstechnologie + + @@ -30709,18 +47883,20 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.infraction A breach, violation, or infringement; as of a law, a contract, a right or duty. infraction - Strafbare Handlung - overtreding infrazione + overtreding + Strafbare Handlung + infrared radiation Electron magnetic radiation whose wavelengths lie in the range from 0.75 or 0.8 micrometer to 1000 micrometers. rayonnement infrarouge - Infrarotstrahlen - infraroodstraling radiazione infrarossa + infraroodstraling + Infrarotstrahlen + @@ -30728,9 +47904,13 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.animal manure Animal excreta collected from stables and barnyards with or without litter; used to enrich the soil. fumier - Tiermist - dierlijke mest concime animale + dierlijke mest + Tiermist + + + + @@ -30738,18 +47918,21 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.infrasound Vibrations of the air at frequencies too low to be perceived as sound by the human ear, below about 15 hertz. infrason - Infraschall - infrageluid infrasuono + infrageluid + Infraschall + infrastructure The basic network or foundation of capital facilities or community investments which are necessary to support economic and community activities. infrastructure - Infrastruktur - infrastructuur infrastrutture + infrastructuur + Infrastruktur + + @@ -30770,18 +47953,22 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.inhabitant A person occupying a region, town, house, country, etc. habitant - Bewohner - bewoner abitante + bewoner + Bewohner + + injury A stress upon an organism that disrupts the structure or function and results in a pathological process. blessure - Verletzung - letsel lesione + letsel + Verletzung + + @@ -30789,36 +47976,42 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.ink A dispersion of a pigment or a solution of a dye in a carrier vehicle, yielding a fluid, paste, or powder to be applied to and dried on a substrate; writing, marking, drawing, and printing inks are applied by several methods to paper, metal, plastic, wood, glass, fabric, or other substrate. encre - Druckfarbe - inkt inchiostro + inkt + Druckfarbe + inland fishery Fishing grounds located in lakes, streams, etc. pêche en eau douce - Binnenfischerei - binnenvisserij pesca interna + binnenvisserij + Binnenfischerei + inland navigation The navigation of inland waterways, i.e. navigable rivers, canals, sounds, lakes, inlets, etc. navigation fluviale - Binnenschiffahrt - binnenvaart navigazione interna + binnenvaart + Binnenschiffahrt + + inland water A lake, river, or other body of water wholly within the boundaries of a state. eaux intérieures - Binnengewässer - binnenwater acque interne + binnenwater + Binnengewässer + + @@ -30827,9 +48020,12 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.inland waterways transport Transportation of persons and goods by boats travelling on rivers, channels or lakes. transport fluvial - Binnengüterschiffahrt - binnenwatervervoer trasporto su vie di navigazione interna + binnenwatervervoer + Binnengüterschiffahrt + + + @@ -30837,18 +48033,22 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.animal noise Noise caused by animals such as dogs kept in kennels or in private homes as pets. bruit dû aux animaux - Tierlärm - dierengeluid rumore di animali + dierengeluid + Tierlärm + + innovation Something newly introduced, such as a new method or device. innovation - Innovation - vernieuwing innovazione + vernieuwing + Innovation + + @@ -30856,18 +48056,24 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.inorganic chemistry A branch of chemistry dealing with the chemical reactions and properties of all inorganic matter. chimie minérale - Anorganische Chemie - anorganische chemie chimica inorganica + anorganische chemie + Anorganische Chemie + + inorganic fertiliser Inorganic chemical which promotes plant growth by enhancing the supply of essential nutrients such as ammonium sulphate or lime. engrais inorganique - Mineraldünger - anorganische meststof fertilizzante inorganico + anorganische meststof + Mineraldünger + + + + @@ -30882,18 +48088,23 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.inorganic pollutant A pollutant of mineral origin and not of basically carbon structure. polluant inorganique - Anorganischer Schadstoff - anorganische vervuiler inquinante inorganico + anorganische vervuiler + Anorganischer Schadstoff + + animal nutrition Ingestion, digestion and/or assimilation of food by animals. nutrition animale - Tierernährung - dierenvoeding nutrizione degli animali + dierenvoeding + Tierernährung + + + @@ -30901,9 +48112,10 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.inorganic substance Chemical compounds that do not contain carbon as the principal element (excepting carbonates, cyanides, and cyanates), that is, matter other than plant or animal. substance inorganique - Anorganische Substanzen - anorganische stoffen sostanze inorganiche + anorganische stoffen + Anorganische Substanzen + @@ -30927,9 +48139,12 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.insecticide Any chemical agent used to destroy invertebrate pests. insecticide - Insektizid - insecticide insetticida + insecticide + Insektizid + + + @@ -30938,18 +48153,20 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.insectivore Any placental mammal of the order Insectivora, being typically small, with simple teeth, and feeding on invertebrates. The group includes shrews, moles, and hedgehogs. insectivores - Insektenfresser - insecteneters insettivori + insecteneters + Insektenfresser + insect A class of the Arthropoda typically having a segmented body with an external, chitinous covering, a pair of compound eyes, a pair of antennae, three pairs of mouthparts, and two pairs of wings. insecte - Insekt - insecten insetti + insecten + Insekt + @@ -30967,9 +48184,11 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.in situ In the natural or normal place. in situ - in-situ - ter plaatse in situ + ter plaatse + in-situ + + @@ -30977,9 +48196,10 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.inspection An official examination and evaluation of the extent to which specified goals, objectives, standards, policies or procedures of an agency, organization, department or unit have been met properly. inspection - Inspektion - inspectie ispezione + inspectie + Inspektion + @@ -30987,53 +48207,62 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. inspection of records inspection des registres - Akteneinsicht - inspectie van de boeken esame dei documenti + inspectie van de boeken + Akteneinsicht + + inspection service An organization designated to look into, supervise and report upon, the staff members and workings of some institution or department, or the conforming to laws and regulations by a segment of society or other group. service d'inspection - Prüfdienst - keuringsdienst servizio di ispezione + keuringsdienst + Prüfdienst + + installation requiring approval The official authorization needed to assemble and place into position any apparatus, facility, military post or machinery. installation nécessitant une habilitation - Genehmigungsbedürftige Anlage - installatie die goedgekeurd vereist installazione soggetta ad approvazione + installatie die goedgekeurd vereist + Genehmigungsbedürftige Anlage + institutionalisation The establishment and normalization of a law, custom, usage, practice, system or regulative principle in the activity or purpose of a group or organization. institutionnalisation - Institutionalisierung - institutionalisering istituzionalizzazione + institutionalisering + Institutionalisierung + instrument manufacture industrie d'appareillage - Instrumentenherstellung - instrumentenvervaardiging industria delle apparecchiature + instrumentenvervaardiging + Instrumentenherstellung + animal physiology Study of the normal processes and metabolic functions of animal organisms. physiologie animale - Tierphysiologie - dierenfysiologie fisiologia animale + dierenfysiologie + Tierphysiologie + + @@ -31043,18 +48272,24 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.sound insulation material Material used to reduce the transmission of sound to or from a body, device, room, etc. matériau isolant - Dämmstoff - isolatiemateriaal materiale insonorizzante + isolatiemateriaal + Dämmstoff + + + insurance The act, system, or business of providing financial protection contingencies, such as death, loss or damage and involving payment of regular premiums in return for a policy guaranteeing such protection. assurance - Versicherung - verzekering assicurazione + verzekering + Versicherung + + + @@ -31065,99 +48300,122 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.insurance business A commercial service which provides a guarantee against most losses or harm to a person, property or a firm in return for premiums paid. compagnie d'assurance - Versicherungswirtschaft - verzekeringsmaatschappij compagnia di assicurazioni + verzekeringsmaatschappij + Versicherungswirtschaft + + + insurance coverage The protection provided against risks or a risk, often as specified by the type of protection or the item being protected. couverture d'assurance - Versicherungsschutz - dekking (door een verzekering) copertura assicurativa + dekking (door een verzekering) + Versicherungsschutz + + + integral natural reserve Areas allocated to preserve and protect certain animals and plants, or both. They differ from national parks, which are largely a place for public recreation, because they are provided exclusively to protect species for their own sake. Endangered species are increasingly being kept in nature reserves to prevent them from extinction. Nature reserves also serve as a place for more plentiful species to rest, breed or winter. réserve naturelle intégrale - Integrales Naturreservat - integraal natuurreservaat riserva naturale integrale + integraal natuurreservaat + Integrales Naturreservat + + integrated environmental protection technology Technologies that meet environmental objectives by incorporating pollution prevention concepts in their design. Integrated environmental control strategies introduced in the early design stages of a process, rather than an end-of-pipe control option introduced in the later stages, improve the technical and economic performance of a process. technologie de protection environnementale intégrée - Integrierte Umweltschutztechnik - geïntegreerde milieubeschermingstechnologie tecnologia integrata per la protezione ambientale + geïntegreerde milieubeschermingstechnologie + Integrierte Umweltschutztechnik + + integrated pest control A systematic, comprehensive approach to pest control that uses the insect's or rodent's own biology and behaviour to find the least toxic control methods at the lowest cost. lutte intégrée contre les nuisibles - Integrierte Schädlingsbekämpfung - geïntegreerde ongediertebestrijding controllo integrato delle infestazioni + geïntegreerde ongediertebestrijding + Integrierte Schädlingsbekämpfung + integrated pollution control A procedure whereby all major emissions to land, air, and water are considered simultaneously and not in isolation to avoid situations in which one control measure for one medium adversely affects another. contrôle intégré de la pollution - Integrierter Umweltschutz - geïntegreerde vervuilingsbeheersing controllo integrato dell'inquinamento + geïntegreerde vervuilingsbeheersing + Integrierter Umweltschutz + + + + intensive animal husbandry Specialized system of breeding animals where the livestock are kept indoors and fed on concentrated foodstuffs, with frequent use of drugs to control diseases which are a constant threat under these conditions. élevage intensif - Intensivtierhaltung - intensieve veehouderij allevamento intensivo di animali + intensieve veehouderij + Intensivtierhaltung + intensive farming Farming in which as much use is made of the land as possible by growing crops close together or by growing several crops in a year or by using large amounts of fertilizers. agriculture intensive - Intensivlandwirtschaft - intensieve landbouw coltura intensiva + intensieve landbouw + Intensivlandwirtschaft + interaction of pesticides The enhancement of activity of pesticides when they are used in combination with others. interaction des pesticides - Pestizidwechselwirkung - wisselwerking van bestrijdingsmiddelen interazione di pesticidi + wisselwerking van bestrijdingsmiddelen + Pestizidwechselwirkung + + + + interchange of electronic data A transference of binary coded information items between two or more computers across any communications channel capable of carrying electromagnetic signals. échange de données informatisées - Elektronischer Datenaustausch - uitwisseling van elektronische gegevens scambio di dati informatizzati + uitwisseling van elektronische gegevens + Elektronischer Datenaustausch + acidification Addition of an acid to a solution until the pH falls below 7. acidification - Versauerung - verzuring acidificazione + verzuring + Versauerung + @@ -31166,52 +48424,60 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.interdisciplinary research The utilisation, combination and coordination of two or more appropriate disciplines, technologies and humanities in an integrated approach toward environmental problems. recherche interdisciplinaire - Interdisziplinäre Forschung - interdisciplinair onderzoek ricerca interdisciplinare + interdisciplinair onderzoek + Interdisziplinäre Forschung + interest A sum paid or charged for the use of money or for borrowing money over a given time period. intérêts - Zins - belang interessi + belang + Zins + interest group A group of people who share common traits, attitudes, beliefs or objectives and who have formed a formal organization to serve specific concerns of the membership. groupe d'intérêt - Interessenverband - belangengroep gruppo di interesse + belangengroep + Interessenverband + interim decision décision provisoire - Teilbescheid - tussentijds besluit decisione provvisoria + tussentijds besluit + Teilbescheid + interlaboratory comparison Tests performed at the same time in different laboratories to validate the quality of the results. comparaison interlaboratoire - Ringversuch - vergelijking tussen laboratoria test ad anello + vergelijking tussen laboratoria + Ringversuch + + animal production production animale - Tierproduktion - dierlijke productie produzione animale + dierlijke productie + Tierproduktion + + @@ -31220,43 +48486,51 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.intermediate goods Partly finished goods or products that re-enter into production elsewhere. produits intermédiaires - Zwischenprodukt - tussenproducten prodotto intermedio (economia) + tussenproducten + Zwischenprodukt + + + intermittent noise Noise occurring at regular or irregular intervals. bruit intermittent - Intermittierendes Geräusch - afwisselend geluid rumore intermittente + afwisselend geluid + Intermittierendes Geräusch + internal European market marché intérieur européen - Europäischer Binnenmarkt - Europese binnenmarkt mercato europeo interno + Europese binnenmarkt + Europäischer Binnenmarkt + + internalisation of environmental costs internalisation des coûts environnementaux - Internalisierung der Umweltkosten - interne aanrekening van milieukosten internalizzazione di costi ambientali + interne aanrekening van milieukosten + Internalisierung der Umweltkosten + international agreement Cooperation in international efforts to support global environmental goals. Solutions to environmental problems such as trans-boundary airborne and waterborne pollution, ozone depletion and climate change require action by all responsible countries. accord international - Internationale Vereinbarung - internationale overeenkomst accordo internazionale + internationale overeenkomst + Internationale Vereinbarung + @@ -31265,17 +48539,20 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.international competitiveness The ability of firms to strive with rivals in the production and sale of commodities in worldwide markets. compétitivité internationale - Internationale Wettbewerbsfähigkeit - internationale concurrentie concorrenza internazionale + internationale concurrentie + Internationale Wettbewerbsfähigkeit + animal product produit animal - Tierisches Produkt - dierlijk product prodotto animale + dierlijk product + Tierisches Produkt + + @@ -31286,9 +48563,10 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.international convention Treaties and other agreements of a contractual character between different countries or organizations of states creating legal rights and obligations between the parties. convention internationale - Internationale Übereinkommen - internationale conventie convenzione internazionale + internationale conventie + Internationale Übereinkommen + @@ -31297,9 +48575,10 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.international co-operation The collaboration between governments, businesses or individuals in which it is agreed to work together on similar objectives or strategies, particularly in research or in setting industrial standards. coopération internationale - Internationale Zusammenarbeit - internationale samenwerking cooperazione internazionale + internationale samenwerking + Internationale Zusammenarbeit + @@ -31307,35 +48586,40 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.International Court of Justice Judicial arm of the United Nations. It has jurisdiction to give advisory opinions on matters of law and treaty construction when requested by the General Assembly, Security Council or any other international agency authorised by the General Assembly to petition for such opinion. It has jurisdiction, also, to settle legal disputes between nations when voluntarily submitted to it. Cour internationale de justice - Internationaler Gerichtshof - Internationaal Gerechtshof Corte di Giustizia Internazionale + Internationaal Gerechtshof + Internationaler Gerichtshof + international distribution The worldwide allocating of resources or dispersing of goods. distribution internationale - Internationale Verteilung - internationale verdeling distribuzione internazionale + internationale verdeling + Internationale Verteilung + international division of labour division internationale du travail - Internationale Arbeitsteilung - internationale verdeling van werk divisione internazionale del lavoro + internationale verdeling van werk + Internationale Arbeitsteilung + + international environmental relations The political or diplomatic interaction or dealings between independent nations that pertain to ecological concerns. relations internationales pour l'environnement - Internationale Umwelbeziehungen - internationale milieuverhoudingen relazioni ambientali internazionali + internationale milieuverhoudingen + Internationale Umwelbeziehungen + @@ -31343,18 +48627,22 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.international harmonisation Harmonisation of the interrelationship of sovereign states by the application of general principles recognized by civilized nations. harmonisation internationale - Internationale Harmonisierung - internationale harmonisatie armonizzazione internazionale + internationale harmonisatie + Internationale Harmonisierung + animal protection Precautionary actions or procedures taken to prevent or reduce the harm to sentient, non-human species, posed, in most cases, by humans. protection des animaux - Tierschutz - dierenbescherming protezione degli animali (movimento) + dierenbescherming + Tierschutz + + + @@ -31363,9 +48651,10 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.international law The system of law regulating the interrelationship of sovereign states and their rights and duties with regard to one another. droit international - Internationales Recht - internationaal recht diritto internazionale + internationaal recht + Internationales Recht + @@ -31375,18 +48664,22 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.internationally important ecosystem Ecosystems whose importance is recognised at international level and which are, in some cases, protected by international conventions. écosystème d'importance internationale - International wichtiges Ökosstem - internationaal belangrijk ecosysteem ecosistema di importanza internazionale + internationaal belangrijk ecosysteem + International wichtiges Ökosstem + + + international organisation An association of independent states, whose representatives gather for the promotion of common interests including defense and trade. organisation internationale - Internationale Organisation - internationale organisatie organizzazione internazionale + internationale organisatie + Internationale Organisation + @@ -31400,9 +48693,10 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.international politics The use of methods, strategy, intrigue, decision making and power by governments and their representatives to achieve goals in policy making or governmental affairs in a worldwide or international arena. politique internationale - Internationale Politik - internationale politiek politica internazionale + internationale politiek + Internationale Politik + @@ -31410,9 +48704,10 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.international relations The political or diplomatic interaction or dealings between independent nations. relation internationale - Internationale Beziehungen - internationale betrekkingen relazioni internazionali + internationale betrekkingen + Internationale Beziehungen + @@ -31429,9 +48724,11 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.international river basin Land area drained by a river and its tributaries whose waters are situated in and utilized by two or more countries. bassin fluvial international - Grenzüberschreitendes Flußeinzugsgebiet - internationaal rivierbekken bacino fluviale internazionale + internationaal rivierbekken + Grenzüberschreitendes Flußeinzugsgebiet + + @@ -31441,9 +48738,11 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.international safety Freedom from danger or the quality of averting risk of harm to persons, property or the environment shared across one or more national boundaries; consequently, the combined efforts of more than one nation to achieve or preserve that state. sécurité internationale - Internationale Sicherheit - internationale veiligheid sicurezza internazionale + internationale veiligheid + Internationale Sicherheit + + @@ -31451,18 +48750,21 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.international standardisation The process of establishing or conforming something to a norm or measure that is recognized beyond the boundaries of a single country or nation. normalisation internationale - Internationale Normierung - internationale standaardisatie standardizzazione internazionale + internationale standaardisatie + Internationale Normierung + international trade The flow of commodities and goods between nations. commerce international - Internationaler Handel - internationale handel commercio internazionale + internationale handel + Internationaler Handel + + @@ -31470,27 +48772,31 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.international watercourse Portions of a geographical area which constitutes a hydrogeological unit as the catchment area for a single river which are under the jurisdiction of two or more countries. cours d'eau international - Internationale Wasserstraße - internationale waterweg corso d'acqua internazionale + internationale waterweg + Internationale Wasserstraße + animal resource ressource animale - Tierressourcen - dierenstand risorse animali + dierenstand + Tierressourcen + + interpretation method Method employed in the assessment of the meaning and significance of data, results, facts, etc. méthode d'interprétation - Auswertungsverfahren - interpretatiemethode metodo di interpretazione + interpretatiemethode + Auswertungsverfahren + @@ -31498,9 +48804,11 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.1) The area between land and sea which is regularly exposed to the air by the tidal movement of the sea. Marine organisms that inhabit the intertidal zones have to adapt to periods of exposure to air and to the waves created by wind, which makes it the most physically demanding of the marine habitats. 2) The shore zone between the highest and lowest tides. zone intertidale - Tidebereich - gebied tussen de hoog- en de laagwaterlijn zona intertidale + gebied tussen de hoog- en de laagwaterlijn + Tidebereich + + @@ -31508,9 +48816,11 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.intervention in nature and landscape Stepping in or participating in problem solving efforts for troublesome or perplexing situations involving the natural world or scenery. intervention au niveau de la nature et des paysages - Eingriff in Natur und Landschaft - tussenkomst in natuur en landschap intervento su natura e paesaggio + tussenkomst in natuur en landschap + Eingriff in Natur und Landschaft + + @@ -31519,9 +48829,11 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.inventory A detailed list of articles, goods, property, etc. inventaire (environnement) - Inventar - inventaris inventario + inventaris + Inventar + + @@ -31531,9 +48843,11 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.inventory of forest damage Survey of a forest area to determine forest depletion. The aim of the inventory is to give an overview of the forest conditions. Especially should the inventory aim to detect any changes in the forest conditions, but it should also provide the distribution of the forest damages and find out any relation with site and stand conditions. inventaire des dégâts forestiers - Waldschadensinventur - inventarisatie van bosschade inventario dei danni forestali + inventarisatie van bosschade + Waldschadensinventur + + @@ -31541,9 +48855,10 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.inversion A reversal in the usual direction of a process, as in the change of density of water at 4° C. inversion - Inversion - inversie inversione + inversie + Inversion + @@ -31552,9 +48867,11 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.inversion layer The atmosphere layer through which an inversion occurs. couche d'inversion - Inversionsschicht - omkeringslaag strato di inversione + omkeringslaag + Inversionsschicht + + @@ -31562,9 +48879,10 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.invertebrate Any animal lacking a backbone, including all species not classified as vertebrates. invertébré - Invertebraten - ongewervelde dieren invertebrati + ongewervelde dieren + Invertebraten + @@ -31578,18 +48896,22 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.investment Any item of value purchased for profitable return, as income, interest or capital appreciation. investissement - Investition - investering investimento + investering + Investition + animal for slaughter Animals bred and killed for the production of food. animal destiné à l'abattage - Schlachtvieh - slachtdier animale da macello + slachtdier + Schlachtvieh + + + @@ -31597,36 +48919,47 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.in vitro assay Assay taking place in an artificial environment. test in vitro - in vitro-Test - in vitro proef prova in vitro + in vitro proef + in vitro-Test + + + in vivo assay Experiments that are carried out in the living organism. test in vivo - in vivo-Test - in vivo proef prova in vivo + in vivo proef + in vivo-Test + + + iodine A nonmetallic halogen element; the poisonous, corrosive dark plates or granules are readily sublimed; insoluble in water, soluble in common solvents; used as germicide and antiseptic, in dyes, tinctures, and pharmaceuticals, in engraving lithography, and as a catalyst and analytical reagent. iode - Jod - jodium iodio + jodium + Jod + ion exchange The process in which ions are exchanged between a solution and an insoluble solid, usually a resin. échange d'ions - Ionenaustausch - ionen(uit)wisseling scambio ionico + ionen(uit)wisseling + Ionenaustausch + + + + @@ -31635,9 +48968,13 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.ion exchanger A permanent insoluble material (usually a synthetic resin) which contains ions that will exchange reversibly with other ions in a surrounding solution. Both cation and anion exchangers are used in water conditioning. The volume of an ion exchanger is measured in cubic liters of exchanger after the exchanger bed has been backwashed and drained, and has settled into place. échangeur d'ions - Ionenaustauscher - ionen(uit)wisselaar scambiatore di ioni + ionen(uit)wisselaar + Ionenaustauscher + + + + @@ -31645,18 +48982,22 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.animal shelter A protection providing housing for animals in bad weather. abri pour animaux - Tierheim - dierenasiel riparo per animali + dierenasiel + Tierheim + + + ionising radiation Radiation that is capable of energizing atoms sufficiently to remove electrons from them. In this state atoms become more reactive, so that ionizing radiation increases chemical activity and in this way produces biological effects, including effects that involve alterations induced in DNA. X-rays and gamma-rays are the only electromagnetic waves that cause ionization in biological material. rayonnement ionisant - Ionisierende Strahlung - ioniserende straling radiazione ionizzante + ioniserende straling + Ionisierende Strahlung + @@ -31669,18 +49010,21 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.ionosphere A region of the earth's atmosphere, extending from about 60 to 1000 kilometers above the earth's surface, in which there is a high concentration of free electrons formed as a result of ionizing radiation entering the atmosphere from space. ionosphère - Ionosphäre - ionosfeer ionosfera + ionosfeer + Ionosphäre + + ion An electrically charged atom or group of atoms formed by the loss or gain of one or more electrons. ion - Ionen - ionen ione + ionen + Ionen + @@ -31689,9 +49033,10 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.iron A malleable ductile silvery-white ferromagnetic metallic element occurring principally in haematite and magnetite. It is widely used for structural and engineering purposes. fer - Eisen - ijzer ferro + ijzer + Eisen + @@ -31699,9 +49044,10 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.animal Any living organism characterized by voluntary movement, the possession of cells with noncellulose cell walls and specialized sense organs enabling rapid response to stimuli, and the ingestion of complex organic substances such as plants and other animals. animal - Tier - dieren [algemeen, niet systematisch] animali + dieren [algemeen, niet systematisch] + Tier + @@ -31718,36 +49064,45 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.iron industry A sector of the economy in which an aggregate of commercial enterprises is engaged in the extraction and refinement of iron ore to produce cast iron, wrought iron and steel. industrie sidérurgique - Eisenindustrie - ijzerindustrie industria del ferro + ijzerindustrie + Eisenindustrie + + ironwork industry Industry for the production of iron articles. industrie sidérurgique - Eisenhüttenindustrie - ijzergieterij(sector) industria dei prodotti in ferro + ijzergieterij(sector) + Eisenhüttenindustrie + + irradiation To subject to or treat with light or other electromagnetic radiation or with beams of particles. irradiation - Bestrahlung - bestraling irradiazione + bestraling + Bestrahlung + + + irrigation 1) To supply land with water so that crops and plants will grow or grow stronger. irrigation - Bewässerung - bevloeiing irrigazione + bevloeiing + Bewässerung + + @@ -31756,18 +49111,23 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.irrigation canal A permanent irrigation conduit constructed to convey water from the source of supply to one or more farms. canal d'irrigation - Bewässerungskanal - bevloeiingskanaal canale di irrigazione + bevloeiingskanaal + Bewässerungskanal + + + irrigation farming Farming based on the artificial distribution and application of water to arable land to initiate and maintain plant growth. culture irriguée - Bewässerungslandbau - bevloeiingslandbouw coltura irrigua + bevloeiingslandbouw + Bewässerungslandbau + + @@ -31776,9 +49136,10 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.animal textile fibre A filament or threadlike strand derived from animals that manufacturers use to produce clothes or other goods that require weaving, knitting or felting, which include silk, wool, mohair and other forms of animal hair. fibre textile d'origine animale - Tierische Textilfaser - textielvezels van dierlijke oorsprong fibra tessile animale + textielvezels van dierlijke oorsprong + Tierische Textilfaser + @@ -31786,9 +49147,11 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.island A land mass, especially one smaller than a continent, entirely surrounded by water. île - Insel - eiland isola + eiland + Insel + + @@ -31796,18 +49159,24 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.island ecosystem Unique but fragile and vulnerable ecosystems due to the fact that the evolution of their flora and fauna has taken place in relative isolation. Many remote islands have some of the most unique flora in the world; some have species of plants and animals that are not found anywhere else, which have evolved in a specialized way, sheltered from the fierce competition that species face on mainland. écosystème insulaire - Inselökosystem - eilandecosysteem ecosistema insulare + eilandecosysteem + Inselökosystem + + insulation (process) The process of preventing or reducing the transmission of electricity, heat, or sound to or from a body, device, or region by surrounding it with a nonconducting material. isolation (procédé) - Isolierung - isolatie isolamento (processo) + isolatie + Isolierung + + + + @@ -31817,18 +49186,21 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.1) Two or more compounds having the same molecular formula, but a different arrangement of atoms within the molecule. 2) One of two or more chemical substances having the same elementary percentage composition and molecular weight but differing in structure, and therefore in properties; there are many ways in which such structural differences occur. isomère - Isomer - isomeer isomero + isomeer + Isomer + animal trade The process or act of exchanging, buying or selling animals, especially livestock. commerce des animaux - Tierhandel - dierenhandel commercio di animali + dierenhandel + Tierhandel + + @@ -31838,9 +49210,10 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.isotope One or two or more atoms with the same atomic number that contain different numbers of neutrons. isotope - Isotop - isotoop isotopo + isotoop + Isotop + @@ -31848,18 +49221,23 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.ivory The fine-grained creamy-white dentine forming the tusks of elephants, and the teeth or tusks of certain other large animals such as the walrus; it has long been esteemed for a wide variety of ornamental articles. ivoire - Elfenbein - ivoor avorio + ivoor + Elfenbein + animal waste Discarded material from industries directly associated with the raising of animals, such as those wastes produced by livestock farming (manure, milk, etc.), meat production and animal testing (animal bodies, animal parts, feathers, etc.) and fur breeding (fur, blood, etc.). déchet animal - Tierische Abfälle - dierlijk afval rifiuto animale + dierlijk afval + Tierische Abfälle + + + + @@ -31873,35 +49251,39 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.joint debtor Persons united in a joint liability or indebtedness. Two or more persons jointly liable for the same debt. débiteur commun - Gesamtschuldner - medeschuldenaar debito totale + medeschuldenaar + Gesamtschuldner + joint implementation (Rio Conference) mise en application commune (Conférence de Rio) - Gemeinsame Umsetzung (Rio-Konferenz) - gezamenlijke tenuitvoerlegging (Conferentie van Rio de Janeiro) attuazione comune (Conferenza di Rio) + gezamenlijke tenuitvoerlegging (Conferentie van Rio de Janeiro) + Gemeinsame Umsetzung (Rio-Konferenz) + judicial assistance A program sponsored or administered by a government to guide through and represent in court proceedings persons who are in financial need and cannot afford private counsel. entraide judiciaire - Amtshilfe - rechtsbijstand assistenza giudiziaria + rechtsbijstand + Amtshilfe + judicial body Any public organization or branch of government responsible for the administration of justice or the enforcement of laws. organe judiciaire - Rechtsorgan - rechterlijk orgaan organo giudiziario + rechterlijk orgaan + Rechtsorgan + @@ -31911,27 +49293,30 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.judiciary rule Specific norms, regulations and precedents governing the conduct, procedure and arrangement of a judicial system, its various divisions and its officers. règlement judiciaire - Gerichtsregelung - rechtsregel norme giuridiche + rechtsregel + Gerichtsregelung + anion An ion that is negatively charged. anion - Anionen - anion anione + anion + Anionen + jurisdiction The power of a court to hear and decide a case or make a certain order. juridiction - Rechtsprechung - rechtsgebied giurisdizione + rechtsgebied + Rechtsprechung + @@ -31939,9 +49324,11 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.jurisprudence The science or philosophy of law. jurisprudence - Jura - jurisprudentie giurisprudenza (scienza) + jurisprudentie + Jura + + @@ -31949,9 +49336,10 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.1) A German rendering of a Serbo-Croat term referring to the terrain created by limestone solution and characterized by a virtual absence of surface drainage, a series of surface hollows, depressions and fissures, collapse structures, and an extensive subterranean drainage network. 2) A type of topography that is formed on limestone, gypsum, and other rocks by dissolution, and that is characterized by sinkholes, caves, and underground drainage. Etymology: German, from the Yugoslavian territory Krs; type locality, a limestone plateau in the Dinaric Alps of northwestern Yugoslavia and northeastern Italy. karst - Karstgebiet - karst carso + karst + Karstgebiet + @@ -31959,27 +49347,32 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.stocking To keep a supply accumulated for future use. garder en stock - Lagerung - iets in voorraad houden immagazzinamento + iets in voorraad houden + Lagerung + + kerosene A thin oil distilled from petroleum or shale oil, used as a fuel for heating and cooking, in lamps, and as a denaturant for alcohol. kérosène - Kerosin - kerosine cherosene + kerosine + Kerosin + + annelid Any worms of the phylum Anellida, in which the body is divided into segments both internally and externally. The group includes the earthworms, lugworm, ragworm, and leeches. annélides - Ringelwurm - ringwormen anellidi + ringwormen + Ringelwurm + @@ -31987,9 +49380,11 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.labelling Attaching a notice to a product or container bearing information concerning its contents, proper use, manufacturer and any cautions or hazards of use. étiquetage - Kennzeichnung - etikettering etichettatura + etikettering + Kennzeichnung + + @@ -31997,9 +49392,11 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.laboratory A room or building with scientific equipment for doing scientific tests or for teaching science, or a place where chemicals or medicines are produced. laboratoire - Laboratorium - laboratorium laboratorio + laboratorium + Laboratorium + + @@ -32008,9 +49405,10 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.laboratory experiment Tests or investigations carried out in a laboratory. expérience de laboratoire - Laborversuch - laboratoriumexperiment esperimento di laboratorio + laboratoriumexperiment + Laborversuch + @@ -32019,18 +49417,21 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.laboratory research Research carried out in a laboratory for testing chemical substances, growing tissues in cultures, or performing microbiological, biochemical, hematological, microscopical, immunological, parasitological tests, etc. recherche en laboratoire - Laboruntersuchung - laboratoriumonderzoek ricerca di laboratorio + laboratoriumonderzoek + Laboruntersuchung + + laboratory technique technique de laboratoire - Labortechnik - laboratoriumprocedure tecnica di laboratorio + laboratoriumprocedure + Labortechnik + @@ -32047,9 +49448,11 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.laboratory waste Discarded materials produced by analytical and research activities in a laboratory. déchet de laboratoire - Laboratoriumsabfall - laboratoriumafval rifiuto di laboratorio + laboratoriumafval + Laboratoriumsabfall + + @@ -32057,9 +49460,11 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.labour One of the factors of production. It includes all the exertions - manual, physical or mental - by individuals, directed towards the production of wealth. travail - Arbeit - arbeid lavoro + arbeid + Arbeit + + @@ -32072,9 +49477,12 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.antagonism The situation in which two chemicals upon interaction interfere in such a way that the action of one partially or completely inhibits the effects of the other. antagonisme - Antagonismus - antagonisme antagonismo + antagonisme + Antagonismus + + + @@ -32082,17 +49490,21 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.labour law The branch of the legal system which lays down the rules governing employment relationships, trade union relations, and state intervention to provide protection against particular situations of need for citizens who are workers. droit du travail - Arbeitsrecht - arbeidsrecht diritto del lavoro + arbeidsrecht + Arbeitsrecht + + labour market marché du travail - Arbeitsmarkt - arbeidsmarkt mercato del lavoro + arbeidsmarkt + Arbeitsmarkt + + @@ -32102,9 +49514,11 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.labour relations The dynamics or general state of the association between management and non-management employees in an enterprise, industry or nation, with special attention to the maintenance of agreements, collective bargaining and the status of unions. fonctionnement du monde du travail - Arbeitsverhältnisse - arbeidsverhouding rapporti di lavoro + arbeidsverhouding + Arbeitsverhältnisse + + @@ -32113,18 +49527,22 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.lacquer A material which contains a substantial quantity of a cellulose derivative, most commonly nitrocellulose but sometimes a cellulose ester, such as cellulose acetate or cellulose butyrate, or a cellulose ether such as ethyl cellulose; used to give a glossy finish, especially on brass and other bright metals. laque - Lack - lak vernice alla cellulosa + lak + Lack + lagoon A body of water cut off from the open sea by coral reefs or sand bars. lagune - Lagune - lagune laguna + lagune + Lagune + + + @@ -32134,9 +49552,11 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.1) The depression in the Earth's surface occupied or formerly occupied by a lake and containing its shore features. 2) The area from which a lake receives drainage. bassin lacustre - Seebecken - meerbekken bacino lacustre + meerbekken + Seebecken + + @@ -32146,18 +49566,22 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.lake pollution The direct or indirect human alteration of the biological, physical, chemical or radiological integrity of lake water, or a lake ecosystem. pollution de lac - Seenverunreinigung - meervervuiling inquinamento di lago + meervervuiling + Seenverunreinigung + + lake An enclosed body of water, usually but not necessarily fresh water, from which the sea is excluded. lac - See - meer lago + meer + See + + @@ -32165,9 +49589,11 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.lamp A device that produces light, such as an electric lamp. lampe - Lampe - lamp lampada + lamp + Lampe + + @@ -32175,9 +49601,11 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.land A specified geographical tract of the Earth's surface including all its attributes, comprising its geology, superficial deposits, topography, hydrology, soils, flora and fauna, together with the results of past and present human activity, to the extent that these attributes exert a significant influence on the present and future land utilization. pays - Land - land territorio (geografia) + land + Land + + @@ -32199,18 +49627,21 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. antagonistic effect of toxic substances effet antagoniste des substances toxiques - antagonistische Wirkung von Giftstoffen - antagonistisch effect van giftige stoffen effetto antagonistico di sostanze tossiche + antagonistisch effect van giftige stoffen + antagonistische Wirkung von Giftstoffen + + land access The permission or freedom to use, enter, approach or pass to and from a tract of land, which often consists of real estate property. accès à la terre - Landzugang - toegang tot land accesso al territorio + toegang tot land + Landzugang + @@ -32218,18 +49649,25 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.land allotment Procedure by which big land properties are divided in parcels of smaller size. allocation de terrain pour cultivation - Flächenwidmung - toekenning van land parcellizzazione fondiaria + toekenning van land + Flächenwidmung + + + + + land and property register The system of registering certain legal estates or interests in land. It describes the land and any additional rights incidental to it, such as rights of way over adjoining land. cadastre - Grundbuch - eigendomsregister catasto dei terreni e delle proprietà + eigendomsregister + Grundbuch + + @@ -32237,9 +49675,10 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.land carrying capacity The maximum extent to which ground or soil area may be exploited without degradation or depletion. capacité de charge - Aufnahmekapazität des Bodens - hoeveelheid vervuiling dat een land kan verdragen capacità del terreno + hoeveelheid vervuiling dat een land kan verdragen + Aufnahmekapazität des Bodens + @@ -32247,9 +49686,12 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.land clearing Removal of trees, undergrowth, etc. in preparation for ploughing, building, etc. défrichement - Rodung - leegruimen van land dissodamento + leegruimen van land + Rodung + + + @@ -32257,18 +49699,21 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.Antarctica A continent lying chiefly within the Antarctic Circle and asymmetrically centered on the South Pole: it consists of an ice-covered plateau (some 95 percent of Antarctica is covered by an icecap averaging 1,6 km in thickness), 1800-3000 m above sea level, and mountains ranges rising to 4500 m with some volcanic peaks; average temperatures all below freezing and human settlement is confined to research station. Antarctique - Antarktis - Antarctica Antartide + Antarctica + Antarktis + land conservation The care, preservation and re-use of solid areas of the earth's surface, especially soil regions valued as a natural resource or utilized as an agricultural resource. protection des terres - Landespflege - landbehoud conservazione del territorio + landbehoud + Landespflege + + @@ -32277,18 +49722,24 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.land consolidation Joining small plots of land together to form larger farms or large fields. remembrement - Flurbereinigung - ruilverkaveling accorpamento parcellare + ruilverkaveling + Flurbereinigung + + + land cover Land cover is the physical state of the land surface. It is the combination of vegetation, soil, rock, water and human-made structures, which make up the earth's landscape. The land cover is the interface between the earth's crust and the atmosphere, influencing the exchange of energy and matter in the climatic system and biogeochemical cycles. couverture spatiale (SIG) - Landbedeckung - landbedekking copertura del suolo + landbedekking + Landbedeckung + + + @@ -32297,9 +49748,13 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.land development Planning of infrastructures, services and industrial settlements in order to promote the socio-economic growth of certain land area. développement du territoire - Landesentwicklung - landinrichting sviluppo del territorio + landinrichting + Landesentwicklung + + + + @@ -32307,18 +49762,24 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.land ecology Study of the relationship between terrestrial organisms and their environment. écologie des terres - Bodenökologie - landecologie ecologia terrestre + landecologie + Bodenökologie + + + + landfill The oldest method of waste disposal for the solid matter discarded in the domestic dustbin, along with the packaging material and paper from high street shops and offices. Landfill sites are usually disused quarries and gravel pits. When they were filled, previous practice was to cover them up with soil and forget about them. Housing estates have been built, often with disastrous consequences, on old landfill dumps. Waste burial has now become a serious technology and a potential source of energy. Landfill sites can be designed to be bioreactors, which deliberately produce methane, gas as a source of biofuel or alternative energy. Traditionally, waste tips remained exposed to air and aerobic microbes - those which thrive in air - in order to turn some of the waste into compost. However, open tips also encourage vermin, smell in hot weather and disfigure the landscape. In the 1960s, as a tidier and safer option, landfill operators began to seal each day's waste in a clay cell. While excluding vermin, the clay also excluded air. Decomposition relied on anaerobic microbes, which die in air. However, the process produced methane (natural gas), which was a safety hazard. The methane is now extracted by sinking a network of perforated pipes into the site. décharge - Deponie - afvalstortplaats discarica + afvalstortplaats + Deponie + + @@ -32335,18 +49796,24 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.landfill covering The protective shielding, consisting of soil or some other material, that encloses disposal sites for compacted, non-hazardous solid waste, or secures disposal sites for hazardous waste to minimize the chance of releasing hazardous substances into the environment. couche de couverture (décharge) - Deponieabdeckung - afdekking van een afvalstortplaats interramento di discarica + afdekking van een afvalstortplaats + Deponieabdeckung + + landfill degasification Landfill gas is highly dangerous as methane is highly explosive; therefore it must be controlled at all operational landfill sites, whether by active or passive ventilation or both especially in the case of deep sites. There exist venting systems for shallow and deep sites respectively. dégazage de décharge - Deponieentgasung - ontgassing van een afvalstortplaats degassificazione di discarica + ontgassing van een afvalstortplaats + Deponieentgasung + + + + @@ -32354,35 +49821,46 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.landfill gas Landfill gas is generated in landfill sites by the anaerobic decomposition of domestic refuse (municipal solid waste). It consists of a mixture of gases and is colourless with an offensive odour due to the traces of organosulphur compounds. Aside for its unpleasantness, it is highly dangerous as methane is explosive in concentrations in air between 5 per cent, the Lower Explosive Limit (LEL), and the Upper Explosive Limit (UEL) of 15 per cent. Landfill gas must be controlled at all operational landfill sites, whether actively or passively vented or both especially in the case of deep sites. gaz de décharge - Deponiegas - stortgas gas di discarica + stortgas + Deponiegas + + + landfill leachate Liquid that has seeped through solid waste in a landfill and has extracted soluble dissolved or suspended materials in the process. lixiviat de décharge - Deponiesickerwasser - afvalstortplaatspercolaat lisciviato di discarica + afvalstortplaatspercolaat + Deponiesickerwasser + + + + land forming remodelage de terrain - Bodengestaltung - landvorming prosciugamento di terreno + landvorming + Bodengestaltung + + landform Any physical, recognizable form or feature of the Earth's surface, having a characteristic shape and produced by natural causes; it includes major forms such as plane, plateau and mountain, and minor forms such as hill, valley, slope, esker, and dune. Taken together the landforms make up the surface configuration of the Earth's. relief - Geographische Form - vorm van der aardkorst forme del rilievo terrestre + vorm van der aardkorst + Geographische Form + + @@ -32401,26 +49879,32 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. Antarctic ecosystem écosystème de l'Antarctique - Ökosystem der Antarktis - Antarctisch ecosysteem ecosistema antartico + Antarctisch ecosysteem + Ökosystem der Antarktis + + land mammal mammifère terrestre - Landsäugetier - landzoogdier mammifero terrestre + landzoogdier + Landsäugetier + land occupation The use, settlement or possession of solid areas of the earth's surface. occupation du sol - Flächennutzung - landgebruik occupazione del suolo + landgebruik + Flächennutzung + + + @@ -32428,9 +49912,11 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.land planning The activity of designing, organizing or preparing for the future use of solid areas of the earth's surface, especially regions valued for natural resources, utilized as agricultural resources or considered for human settlement. aménagement du territoire - Landplanung - landinrichting pianificazione territoriale + landinrichting + Landplanung + + @@ -32444,9 +49930,12 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.land pollution The presence of one or more contaminants upon or within an area of land, or its constituents. pollution du sol - Bodenverunreinigung - landvervuiling inquinamento del territorio + landvervuiling + Bodenverunreinigung + + + @@ -32454,36 +49943,47 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.Antarctic Ocean The waters, including ice shelves, that surround the continent of Antarctica, which comprise the southernmost parts of the Pacific, Atlantic and Indian oceans, and also the Ross, Amundsen, Bellingshausen and Weddell seas. océan antarctique - Südpolarmeer - Antarctische Oceaan Oceano Antartico + Antarctische Oceaan + Südpolarmeer + land reclamation Making land capable of more intensive use by changing its general character, as by drainage of excessively wet land; irrigation of arid or semiarid land; or recovery of submerged land from seas, lakes and rivers. mise en valeur des terres - Rekultivierung - terreinsanering conquista di territorio + terreinsanering + Rekultivierung + + land register A register or survey of land, containing information on the surface of properties, tenants' names, commencing with the earliest owners through successive ownership and partitions, and such like. cadastre - Kataster - legger van het kadaster catasto dei terreni + legger van het kadaster + Kataster + + + + land restoration The treatment of any unusable land usually by filling with refuse or levelling until the land can be brought into productive use. restauration de terrain - Bodensanierung - landherstel bonifica del territorio + landherstel + Bodensanierung + + + + @@ -32491,9 +49991,10 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.landscape The traits, patterns, and structure of a specific geographic area, including its biological composition, its physical environment, and its anthropogenic or social patterns. An area where interacting ecosystems are grouped and repeated in similar form. paysage - Landschaft - landschap paesaggio + landschap + Landschaft + @@ -32507,27 +50008,31 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.landscape after mining The process of mining disfigures the surface of the land, and in the absence of reclamation leads to permanent scars. The process spoils the vital topsoil, disrupts drainage patterns, destroys the productive capacity of agricultural and forest land and impairs their aesthetic and social value. paysage minier - Bergbaufolgelandschaft - landschap na mijnbouw paesaggio delle zone minerarie + landschap na mijnbouw + Bergbaufolgelandschaft + + Antarctic region An area within the Antarctic Circle that includes the fifth largest continent and its surrounding waters, consisting mostly of thick ice shelves. région antarctique - Antarktis - Antarctisch gebied regione antartica + Antarctisch gebied + Antarktis + landscape alteration Landscapes might change through time as a result of human activities or natural processes such as fires or natural disasters. Changes in landscape structure can be documented by using data from aerial photographs or satellite images, and new technologies, such as remote sensing and geographic information systems. modification du paysage - Landschaftsveränderung - landschapsverandering alterazione del paesaggio + landschapsverandering + Landschaftsveränderung + @@ -32536,54 +50041,65 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.landscape architecture The creation, development, and decorative planting of gardens, grounds, parks, and other outdoor spaces. Landscape gardening is used to enhance nature helping to create a natural setting for individual residences and buildings, and even towns, particularly where special approaches and central settings are required. aménagement du paysage - Landschaftsarchitektur - landschapsarchitectuur architettura del paesaggio + landschapsarchitectuur + Landschaftsarchitektur + landscape component In visual assessment work, landscapes can be divided into four major elements. a) Form is the perceived mass or shape of an object that appears unified, and which provides a consciousness of its distinction and relation of a whole to the component parts. b) Line is the real or imagined path, border, boundary, or intersection of two planes, such as a silhouette, that the eye follows when perceiving abrupt differences in form, colour or texture. c) Colour is a visual perception that enables the eye to differenciate otherwise identical objects based on the wavelengths of reflected light. d) Texture is the visual feel of a landscape. élément du paysage - Landschaftselement - landschapselement elemento del paesaggio + landschapselement + Landschaftselement + landscape conservation The safeguarding, for public enjoyment, of landscape and of opportunities for outdoor recreation, tourism and similar activities; the concept includes the preservation and enhancement not only of what has been inherited but the provision of new amenities and facilities. protection du paysage - Landschaftsschutz - landschapsbehoud conservazione del paesaggio + landschapsbehoud + Landschaftsschutz + + landscape conservation policy politique de préservation des paysages - Landschaftspflege - landschapsbehoudbeleid politica di conservazione del paesaggio + landschapsbehoudbeleid + Landschaftspflege + + landscape ecology The study of landscapes taking account of the ecology of their biological populations. The subjects thus embraces geomorphology and ecology and is applied to the design and architecture of landscapes. écologie du paysage - Landschaftsökologie - landschapsecologie ecologia del paesaggio + landschapsecologie + Landschaftsökologie + + + landscape management Measures aiming at preserving landscape or controlling its transformations caused by anthropic activities or natural events. gestion du paysage - Landschaftspflege - landschapsbeheer gestione del paesaggio + landschapsbeheer + Landschaftspflege + + @@ -32591,18 +50107,22 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.landscape planning The aspect of the land use planning process that deals with physical, biological, aesthetic, cultural, and historical values and with the relationships and planning between these values, land uses, and the environment. aménagement du paysage - Landschaftsplanung - landschapsplanning pianificazione del paesaggio + landschapsplanning + Landschaftsplanung + + landscape protection Elaboration and implementation of strategies and measures for the conservation, preservation, suitable use, and renewal of natural resources and nature or man-made components of landscape, in particular wildlife and natural systems of various standing. protection du paysage - Landschaftsschutz - landschapsbescherming protezione del paesaggio + landschapsbescherming + Landschaftsschutz + + @@ -32610,18 +50130,27 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.landscape protection area Area where landscape is protected for its particular features in order to maintain its role in contributing to the wider enjoyment of the countryside. zone de protection du paysage - Landschaftsschutzgebiet - beschermd landschap area di protezione del paesaggio + beschermd landschap + Landschaftsschutzgebiet + + landscape consumption Using parts of landscape in a way that heavily modifies its features. consommation du paysage - Landschaftsverbrauch - landschapsverbruik consumo del paesaggio + landschapsverbruik + Landschaftsverbrauch + + + + + + + @@ -32629,9 +50158,15 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.landscape utilisation Using landscape or parts of it for tourism, sports, or agriculture. utilisation du paysage - Landschaftsnutzung - landschapsgebruik uso del paesaggio + landschapsgebruik + Landschaftsnutzung + + + + + + @@ -32639,9 +50174,13 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.land setup The formulation of regional objectives, plans and programmes and the harmonization of the regional effects of sectorial planning. aménagement du territoire - Flächenstruktur - landinrichting assetto del territorio + landinrichting + Flächenstruktur + + + + @@ -32662,18 +50201,23 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.landslide Mass-movement landforms and processes involving the downslope transport, under gravitationary influence of soil and rock material en masse. éboulement - Erdrutsch - aardverschuiving frana + aardverschuiving + Erdrutsch + + + land transportation Transport of persons and goods by a network of roads or railways. transport terrestre - Überlandtransport - vervoer over land trasporto via terra + vervoer over land + Überlandtransport + + @@ -32682,9 +50226,16 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.land use The term land use deals with the spatial aspects of all human activities on the land and with the way in which the land surface is adapted, or could be adapted, to serve human needs. affectation des sols - Flächennutzung - grondgebruik uso del territorio + grondgebruik + Flächennutzung + + + + + + + @@ -32695,9 +50246,12 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.anthropic activity Action resulting from or influenced by human activity or intervention. action anthropique - Anthropogene Aktivität - antropische activiteit azione antropica + antropische activiteit + Anthropogene Aktivität + + + @@ -32709,18 +50263,27 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.land use classification The arrangement of land units into a variety of categories based on the properties of the land or its suitability for a particular purpose. It has become an important tool in rural land-resource planning. classification de l'usage des sols - Flächennutzungsklassifikation - classificatie op basis van het grondgebruik classificazione dell'uso del territorio + classificatie op basis van het grondgebruik + Flächennutzungsklassifikation + + + + + land use planning The interdisciplinary process of evaluating, organising, and controlling the present and the future development and use of lands and their resources in terms of their suitability on sustained yield basis. Includes an overall ecological evaluation in terms of specific kinds of uses as well as evaluations of social, economic, and physical contexts to the land concerned. aménagement du territoire - Flächennutzungsplanung - grondgebruiksplanning pianificazione dell'utilizzazione del territorio + grondgebruiksplanning + Flächennutzungsplanung + + + + @@ -32728,27 +50291,36 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.soil use regime Type of management and utilization of the soil. systématisation de l'affectation des sols - Bodennutzungssystem - grondgebruiksstelsel regime del suolo + grondgebruiksstelsel + Bodennutzungssystem + + + + land value The monetary or material worth in commerce or trade of an area of ground considered as property. valeur de la terre - Bodenwert - grondwaarde valore fondiario + grondwaarde + Bodenwert + + large combustion plant Any sizable building which relies on machinery that converts energy released from the rapid burning of a fuel-air mixture into mechanical energy. grande installation de combustion - Grossfeuerungsanlage - grote verbrandingsinstallatie grande impianto di combustione + grote verbrandingsinstallatie + Grossfeuerungsanlage + + + @@ -32756,27 +50328,30 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.laser Acronym for Light Amplification by Stimulated Emission of Radiation; a device that produces a powerful, highly directional, monochromatic, coherent beam of light. Laser consist of a transparent cylinder with a reflecting surface at one end and a partially reflecting surface at the other. Light waves are reflected back and forth, some of them emerging at the partially reflecting end. The light source may be a ruby, whose chromium atoms are excited by a flash lamp so that they emit pulses of highly coherent light, or a mixture of inert gases that produce a continuos beam, or a cube of treated gallium arsenide which emits infrared radiation when an electric current passes through it. laser - Laser - laser laser (radiazione) + laser + Laser + acidity The state of being acid that is of being capable of transferring a hydrogen ion in solution. acidité - Acidität - zuurtegraad acidità + zuurtegraad + Acidität + anthropogenic factor facteur anthropique - Anthropogener Faktor - antropogene factor fattori antropogeni + antropogene factor + Anthropogener Faktor + @@ -32784,9 +50359,12 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.laundering The act of washing and ironing clothes, linen, etc. blanchissage - Wäsche - wassen en strijken lavanderia + wassen en strijken + Wäsche + + + @@ -32794,36 +50372,41 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.law (individual) One of the rules making up the body of law. loi - Gesetze - wetten legge + wetten + Gesetze + law amendment An alteration of or addition to any statute with legal force that, if approved by the appropriate legislative authority, supersedes the original statute. amendement de loi - Gesetzesnovellierung - wetswijziging emendamento legislativo + wetswijziging + Gesetzesnovellierung + anthropologic reserve Area of protection of the life style of societies where traditional human activities are still maintained and the exploitation of natural resources is still carried out without compromising the future availability. réserve anthropologique - Anthropologisches Reservat - anthropologisch reservaat riserva antropologica + anthropologisch reservaat + Anthropologisches Reservat + + law enforcement Any variety of activities associated with promoting compliance and obedience to the binding rules of a state, especially the prevention, investigation, apprehension or detention of individuals suspected or convicted of violating those rules. application de loi - Gesetzesvollzug - wetshandhaving applicazione della legge + wetshandhaving + Gesetzesvollzug + @@ -32831,18 +50414,21 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.neighbourhood law A binding rule or body of rules prescribed by a government to protect human health and the environment, manage growth and development or enhance the quality of life in small geographical and social areas within cities where residents share values and concerns and interact with one another on a daily basis. loi sur le voisinage - Nachbarschaftsrecht - buurtwet legislazione sul vicinato + buurtwet + Nachbarschaftsrecht + law (science) Complex of rules fixed by law or custom which regulate social relations. droit (science) - Rechtswissenschaft - recht diritto (scienza) + recht + Rechtswissenschaft + + @@ -32851,18 +50437,24 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. lixiviation - Auswaschung - uitloging dilavamento (chimica) + uitloging + Auswaschung + + + + + lead A heavy toxic bluish-white metallic element that is highly malleable; occurs principally as galena and is used in alloys, accumulators, cable sheaths, paints, and as a radiation shield. plomb - Blei - lood piombo + lood + Blei + @@ -32870,45 +50462,57 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.lead compound Lead compounds are present as gasoline additives, in paint, ceramic products, roofing, caulking, electrical applications, tubes, or containers. Lead exposure may be due to air, water, food, or soil. Lead in the air is primarily due to lead-based fuels and the combustion of solid waste, coal, oils, and emissions from alkyl lead manufacturers, wind blown dust volcanoes, the burning of lead-painted surfaces, and cigarette smoke. Lead in drinking water comes from leaching from lead pipes, connectors, and solder in both the distribution system and household plumbing. composé de plomb - Bleiverbindung - loodverbinding composto del piombo + loodverbinding + Bleiverbindung + lead contamination The presence and release into the air, water and soil, of lead, a toxic metal used in plumbing, gasoline and lead-acid batteries. contamination par le plomb - Bleiverseuchung - loodverontreiniging contaminazione da piombo + loodverontreiniging + Bleiverseuchung + lead-in-petrol law A binding rule or body of rules prescribed by a government to reduce or eliminate the lead content in petroleum fuels used in vehicular and other engines that pollute the air with lead-carrying exhaust. loi sur l'essence chargée en plomb - Benzinbleigesetz - wet op loodgehalte in benzine legislazione sul contenuto in piombo dei carburanti + wet op loodgehalte in benzine + Benzinbleigesetz + + + lead level in blood A measure of the amount of lead or lead salts absorbed by the body as a possible sign of acute or chronic lead poisoning, which can affect the nervous, digestive or muscular systems. taux de plomb dans le sang - Blutbleispiegel - loodgehalte in het bloed livello ematico del piombo + loodgehalte in het bloed + Blutbleispiegel + + + antibiotic A chemical substance, produced by microorganisms and synthetically, that has the capacity to inhibit the growth of, and even to destroy, bacteria and other microorganisms. antibiotique - Antibiotika - antibiotica antibiotico + antibiotica + Antibiotika + + + + @@ -32916,18 +50520,20 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.leaf The main organ of photosynthesis and transpiration in higher plants, usually consisting of a flat green blade attached to the stem directly or by a stalk. feuille - Blatt (Pflanze) - blad foglia + blad + Blatt (Pflanze) + leakage The accidental, uncontrolled discharge or seepage of liquids, gases and other substances to unintended and unwanted locations, frequently causing risks of damage or harm to persons, property or the environment. fuite - Leckage - lek perdita + lek + Leckage + @@ -32935,81 +50541,93 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.leather The dressed or tanned hide of an animal, usually with the hair removed. cuir - Leder - leder cuoio + leder + Leder + + leather industry Industry for the production of leather goods such as garments, bags, etc. industrie du cuir - Lederindustrie - lederindustrie industria del cuoio + lederindustrie + Lederindustrie + + legal basis The fundamental law or judicial precedent that warrants or supports a subsequent decision or action by any governmental, corporate or private entity. base légale - Rechtsgrundlage - rechtsgrond(slag) base legale + rechtsgrond(slag) + Rechtsgrundlage + antibody A complex protein that is produced in response to the introduction of a specific antigen into an animal. Antibodies belong to a class of proteins called immunoglobins, which are formed by plasma cells in the blood as a defence mechanism against invasion by parasites, notably bacteria and viruses, either by killing them or rendering them harmless. anticorps - Antikörper - antilichaam anticorpo + antilichaam + Antikörper + + legally protected right A justifiable claim to have or obtain something or to act in a certain way, which is supported by law and is covered or shielded from the danger of being revoked or repealed. droit légal - Rechtsgut - door de wet beschermd recht diritto legittimo + door de wet beschermd recht + Rechtsgut + legal regulation Any order or rule issued by a government stipulating its procedures for the creation, execution or adjudication of laws. réglementation juridique - Rechtsverordnung - rechtsregel disposizioni legali + rechtsregel + Rechtsverordnung + legal remedy The means by which a right is enforced or the violation of a right is prevented, redressed, or compensated. recours judiciaire - Rechtsbehelf - rechtsmiddel ricorso legale + rechtsmiddel + Rechtsbehelf + legal text The exact wording or language of a law or other document in conformity with the law or having the authority of law. texte juridique - Rechtsdokument - wettekst testo legislativo + wettekst + Rechtsdokument + legislation The act or process of making laws. législation - Gesetzgebung - wetgeving legislazione + wetgeving + Gesetzgebung + @@ -33024,18 +50642,21 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.anticipation of danger The act of foreseeing, expecting and taking measures against possible future exposure to harm, death or a thing that causes these. anticipation d'un danger - Gefahrenvorsorge - het voorkomen van gevaar previsione del pericolo + het voorkomen van gevaar + Gefahrenvorsorge + legislation on pollution Rules concerning the limits of pollutant emissions. législation en matière de pollution - Umweltschutzrecht - wetgeving inzake vervuiling legislazione sull'inquinamento + wetgeving inzake vervuiling + Umweltschutzrecht + + @@ -33046,54 +50667,66 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.water resources legislation A binding rule or body of rules prescribed by a government to manage and protect an area's natural water supply and waterways. législation en matière de ressources en eau - Wasserressourcenrecht - wetgeving inzake water(voorraden) legislazione sulle risorse idriche + wetgeving inzake water(voorraden) + Wasserressourcenrecht + + + legislative authority The power of a deliberative assembly of persons or delegates to bring a bill, resolution or special act to an official, legally binding status. autorité législative - Gesetzgeber - wetgevende macht autorità legislativa + wetgevende macht + Gesetzgeber + + legislative competence The skill, knowledge, qualification, capacity or authority to make, give or enact rules with binding force upon a population or jurisdiction. compétence législative - Gesetzgebungskompetenz - wetgevende bevoegdheid competenza legislativa + wetgevende bevoegdheid + Gesetzgebungskompetenz + + legislative information Knowledge or a service providing knowledge concerning actual and proposed laws, including approval status, the history and content of deliberative proceedings and the specific language of those laws. information législative - Gesetzesinformation - informatie over wetgeving informazione legislativa + informatie over wetgeving + Gesetzesinformation + legislature The department, assembly, or body of persons that makes statutory laws for a state or nation. corps législatif - Legislative - wetgevende macht legislatura + wetgevende macht + Legislative + + leisure activity Sports and recreational activities carried out in the time free from work or other duties. loisirs - Freizeitbereich - vrijetijdsbesteding attività ricreative + vrijetijdsbesteding + Freizeitbereich + + @@ -33110,9 +50743,12 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.leisure time Time free from work or other duties; spare time. temps libre - Freizeit - vrije tijd tempo libero + vrije tijd + Freizeit + + + @@ -33120,9 +50756,10 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.lepidopteran A large order of scaly-winged insects, including the butterflies, skippers, and moths; adults are characterized by two pairs of membranous wings and sucking mouthparts, featuring a prominent, coiled proboscis. lépidoptère - Lepidoptera - schubvleugeligen lepidotteri + schubvleugeligen + Lepidoptera + @@ -33130,9 +50767,11 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.antifouling agent Agent that inhibits the growth of barnacles and other marine organisms on a ship's bottom (an antifouling paint or other coating). Organo-tin compounds have been the most often used agents in this application since they are effective against both soft and hard fouling organisms. However, in spite of their performance, they have a negative impact on the marine environment and their long half life in the environment, has prompted marine paint manufacturers to look for a nonpersistent alternative. produit antivégétal - Antifouling - anti-blokkeringsmiddel agente antiincrostante + anti-blokkeringsmiddel + Antifouling + + @@ -33140,9 +50779,10 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.leukaemia A progressive, malignant disease of the blood forming organs; a distorted proliferation and development of leukocytes and their precursors in the blood and bone marrow. leucémie - Leukämie - leukemie leucemia + leukemie + Leukämie + @@ -33150,27 +50790,31 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.levy A ratable portion of the produce of the property and labor of the individual citizens, taken by the nation, in the exercise of its sovereign rights, for the support of government, for the administration of the laws, and as the means for continuing in operation the various legitimate functions of the state. impôt - Abgabe - heffing imposta + heffing + Abgabe + lexicon The vocabulary of a particular sphere of activity, region, social class or individual, or the total set of morphemes or meaningful units of a language and its words. lexique - Lexikon - woordenboek lessico + woordenboek + Lexikon + + liability Subjection to a legal obligation. Liability is civil or criminal according to whether it is enforced by the civil or criminal courts. responsabilité - Haftpflicht - aansprakelijkheid responsabilità civile + aansprakelijkheid + Haftpflicht + @@ -33183,27 +50827,32 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.liability for marine accidents Subjection to a legal obligation, such as financial recompense or ecological reparations, for any harm or damage inflicted on persons, property or the environment in the course of commercial or recreational activity in, on or near a sea. responsabilité pour les accidents en mer - Haftung für maritime Havarien - aansprakelijkheid voor zee-ongevallen responsabilità per incidenti marittimi + aansprakelijkheid voor zee-ongevallen + Haftung für maritime Havarien + + liability for nuclear damages Subjection to a legal obligation, such as financial recompense or ecological reparations, for any harm or damage inflicted on persons, property or the environment during the production, use or transport of radioactive materials used as an energy source or in weaponry. responsabilité pour les dommages nucléaires - Atomschadenshaftung - aansprakelijkheid voor nucleaire schade responsabilità per danni nucleari + aansprakelijkheid voor nucleaire schade + Atomschadenshaftung + + liability legislation A law or body of laws enacted that pertains to or establishes an obligation, debt or responsibility for loss, penalty, evil, expense or burden. législation en matière de responsabilité - Haftungsrecht - aansprakelijkheidswetgeving legislazione sulla garanzia + aansprakelijkheidswetgeving + Haftungsrecht + @@ -33211,18 +50860,24 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.library Place where books and other literary materials are kept. bibliothèque - Bibliothek - bibliotheek biblioteca + bibliotheek + Bibliothek + + + + + licencing Any process of granting and certifying legal or administrative permission to a person or organization to pursue some occupation or to perform some activity or business. délivrance de permis - Genehmigungsverfahren - vergunningen toekennen concessione di licenza + vergunningen toekennen + Genehmigungsverfahren + @@ -33231,36 +50886,40 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.licencing procedure Procedures performed by administrative agencies in conjunction with issuance of various types of licences. procédure pour l'obtention d'un permis - Genehmigungsverfahren - procedure bij het verstrekken van vergunningen procedura di concessione di licenza + procedure bij het verstrekken van vergunningen + Genehmigungsverfahren + licencing obligation Obligation to obtain a permit to pursue an occupation or to carry on some business. soumission à autorisation - Genehmigungspflicht - vergunningseis obbligo di licenza + vergunningseis + Genehmigungspflicht + lichen Composite organisms formed by the symbiosis between species of fungi and an algae. They are either crusty patches or bushy growths on tree trunks, stone walls, roofs or garden paths. Because they have no actual roots they get their sustenance from the atmosphere and rainwater. Lichens play an important role in the detection and monitoring of pollution, especially sulphur dioxide, as they are highly sensitive to pollution and different species disappear if pollution reaches specific levels. lichen - Flechten - korstmossen licheni + korstmossen + Flechten + acidity degree The amount of acid present in a solution, often expressed in terms of pH. degré d'acidité - Säuregrad - zuurtegraa grado di acidità + zuurtegraa + Säuregrad + @@ -33270,9 +50929,10 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.life cycle The phases, changes, or stages through which an organism passes throughout its lifetime. cycle de la vie - Lebenszyklus - levenscyclus ciclo vitale + levenscyclus + Lebenszyklus + @@ -33280,9 +50940,11 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.life science A science based on living organisms collectively. sciences de la vie - Biowissenschaften - levenswetenschappen scienze della vita + levenswetenschappen + Biowissenschaften + + @@ -33297,9 +50959,10 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.lifestyle The particular attitudes, habits or behaviour associated with an individual or group. mode de vie - Lebensstil - leefwijze stile di vita + leefwijze + Lebensstil + @@ -33308,9 +50971,10 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.light Electromagnetic radiation that is capable of causing a visual sensation. lumière - Licht - licht luce + licht + Licht + @@ -33318,9 +50982,12 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.lighting The supply of illumination in streets or dwellings. éclairage - Beleuchtung - verlichting illuminazione + verlichting + Beleuchtung + + + @@ -33328,18 +50995,23 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.separator of light liquids A mechanical device for separating and removing residues from fuel and lubricating oil from waste water coming from filling stations and industrial plants in order to avoid pollution of water bodies; this system is based on the different specific weights of water and fuel residues that float on the water and can be easily removed. séparateur pour liquides légers - Leichtflüssigkeitsabscheider - scheider voor lichte vloeistoffen separatore per liquidi leggeri + scheider voor lichte vloeistoffen + Leichtflüssigkeitsabscheider + + lignite Coal of relatively recent origin consisting of accumulated layers of partially decomposed vegetation, intermediate between peat and bituminous coal; often contains patterns from the wood from which it formed. lignite - Braunkohle - bruinkool lignite + bruinkool + Braunkohle + + + @@ -33347,9 +51019,12 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.lignite mining Extraction of brown coal from natural deposits; lignite is a brownish-black solid fuel in the second stage in the development of coal. It has a little over half the heating value of bituminous or anthracite coal. mine de lignite - Braunkohlenbergbau - bruinkoolwinning estrazione di lignite + bruinkoolwinning + Braunkohlenbergbau + + + @@ -33357,18 +51032,24 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.lime Any of various mineral and industrial forms of calcium oxide differing chiefly in water content and percentage of constituent such as silica, alumina and iron. chaux - Kalk - kalk calce + kalk + Kalk + + + + limestone A sedimentary rock consisting chiefly of calcium carbonate, primarily in the form of the mineral calcite and with or without magnesium carbonate. Limestones are formed by either organic or inorganic processes, and may be detrital, chemical, oolitic, earthy, crystalline, or recrystallized; many are highly fossiliferous and clearly represent ancient shell banks or coral reefs. calcaire - Kalkstein - kalksteen calcare + kalksteen + Kalkstein + + @@ -33376,18 +51057,22 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.limit value A workplace exposure criterion or standard that determines if a facility or building has a concentration of a substance to which most workers can be exposed without harmful or adverse effects. valeur limite - Grenzwert - grenswaarde valore limite (pianificazione) + grenswaarde + Grenzwert + + antipollution incentive Financial reward or penalty used to incite action towards greater responsibility in reducing the presence of pollution or substances in the environment deemed harmful to human health or natural resources. incitation à la lutte contre la pollution - Umweltschutzanreiz - anti-vervuilingsaanmoediging incentivo antiinquinamento + anti-vervuilingsaanmoediging + Umweltschutzanreiz + + @@ -33395,63 +51080,76 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.limnology The study of bodies of fresh water with reference to their plant and animal life, physical properties, geographical features, etc. limnologie - Limnologie - limnologie limnologia + limnologie + Limnologie + + linear source of sound Point noise sources placed one after the other one as, for instance, in a row of cars moving on a road. source linéaire de son - Linienschallquelle - lineaire geluidsbron sorgente lineare di suono + lineaire geluidsbron + Linienschallquelle + liner material A layer of synthetic or natural materials, on the sides of or beneath a landfill, landfill cell or surface impoundment, that restricts the downward or lateral escape of liquids carrying leachate into the surrounding environment. revêtement d'étanchéité - Dichtungsbahn - bekledingsmateriaal materiale impermeabilizzante + bekledingsmateriaal + Dichtungsbahn + + + line source Line source means a one-dimensional source. An example of a line source is the particular emissions from a dirt road. source linéaire (de pollution) - Linienquellen - lijnbron sorgente lineare + lijnbron + Linienquellen + + lipid One of a class of compounds which contain long-chain aliphatic hydrocarbons and their derivatives, such as fatty acids, alcohols, amines, amino alcohols, and aldehydes; includes waxes, fats, and derived compounds. lipide - Lipid - lipide lipidi + lipide + Lipid + + lipophilic substance Substances having an affinity for lipids. substance lipophile - Lipophiler Stoff - lipofiele stof sostanza lipofila + lipofiele stof + Lipophiler Stoff + liquefied gas A gaseous compound or mixture converted to the liquid phase by cooling or compression; examples are liquefied petroleum gas (LPG), liquefied natural gas (LNG), liquid oxygen, and liquid ammonia. gaz liquéfié - Flüssiggas - vloeibaar (gemaakt) gas gas liquefatto + vloeibaar (gemaakt) gas + Flüssiggas + + @@ -33461,9 +51159,12 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.liquid manure Any fertilizer substance with a moisture content of over ninety percent, usually consisting of animal excrement with water added. purin - Flüssigmist - vloeibare mest concime liquido + vloeibare mest + Flüssigmist + + + @@ -33471,9 +51172,10 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.liquid state A state of matter intermediate between that of crystalline substances and gases in which a substance has the capacity to flow under extremely small shear stresses and conforms to the shape of a confining vessel, but is relatively incompressible, lacks the capacity to expand without limit, and can posses a free surface. état liquide - Flüssiger Zustand - vloeibare toestand stato liquido + vloeibare toestand + Flüssiger Zustand + @@ -33481,9 +51183,10 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.liquid waste Fluid wastes, consisting of sewage and domestic wastewater, or processed water, or other liquids, produced by industrial activity, particularly by such industries as pulp and paper production, food processing, and the manufacture of chemicals. déchet liquide - Flüssiger Abfall - vloeibaar afval rifiuto liquido + vloeibaar afval + Flüssiger Abfall + @@ -33491,9 +51194,11 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.literature Written material such as poetry, novels, essays, especially works of imagination characterized by excellence of style and expression and by themes of general or enduring interest. littérature - Literatur - letterkunde letteratura + letterkunde + Literatur + + @@ -33501,9 +51206,10 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.literature data bank A fund of information on a particular subject or group of related subjects, divided into discrete documents and usually stored in and used with a computer system. banque de données bibliographiques - Literaturdatenbank - letterkundig gegevensbestand banca dati di letteratura + letterkundig gegevensbestand + Literaturdatenbank + @@ -33511,9 +51217,11 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.literature evaluation The action of evaluating or judging the quality or character of written materials such as poetry, essays, novels, biographies and historical writings. critique littéraire - Literaturauswertung - letterkundige evaluatie critica letteraria + letterkundige evaluatie + Literaturauswertung + + @@ -33521,18 +51229,21 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.literature study The identification, description, analysis and classification of books and other materials used or consulted in the preparation of a work. recherche bibliographique - Literaturstudie - letterkundig onderzoek ricerca bibliografica + letterkundig onderzoek + Literaturstudie + + lithosphere The solid portion of the Earth, as compared with the atmosphere and the hydrosphere. lithosphère - Lithosphäre - lithosfeer litosfera + lithosfeer + Lithosphäre + @@ -33542,27 +51253,33 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.litter Straw, hay or similar material used as bedding by animals. ordures - Unrat - afdekstro immondizia sparsa + afdekstro + Unrat + littoral The intertidal zone of the seashore. littoral - Litoral - litoraal litorale + litoraal + Litoral + + AOX value Organic halogens subject to absorption. This is a measure of the amount of chlorine (and other halogens) combined with organic compounds. valeur des composés organo-halogénés adsorbables - AOX-Wert - gehalte aan adsorbeerbare organohalogenen (AOX) valore AOX + gehalte aan adsorbeerbare organohalogenen (AOX) + AOX-Wert + + + @@ -33570,9 +51287,11 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.livestock Cattle, horses, and similar animals kept for domestic use especially on a farm. cheptel sur pied - Viehbestand - vee bestiame + vee + Viehbestand + + @@ -33582,9 +51301,10 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.livestock breeding The raising of livestock by crossing different varieties to obtain new varieties with desired characteristics. élevage de bétail - Viehzucht - veefokkerij allevamento controllato di bestiame + veefokkerij + Viehzucht + @@ -33592,9 +51312,10 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.livestock farming Breeding of cattle, horses and similar animals. élevage de bétail - Viehwirtschaft - veehouderij allevamento di bestiame + veehouderij + Viehwirtschaft + @@ -33603,44 +51324,52 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.living condition An element or characteristic of a habitation considered in light of its ability to sustain and promote the health and general well-being of occupants. condition de vie - Lebensbedingung - levende toestand condizioni di vita + levende toestand + Lebensbedingung + living marine resource ressources marines biologiques - Biologische Meeresressourcen - natuurlijke rijkdommen van de zee risorse biologiche marine + natuurlijke rijkdommen van de zee + Biologische Meeresressourcen + + living space Any room, structure or area used as a residence and associated with subsistence activities, including sleeping, relaxing or eating. espace vital - Lebensraum - leefruimte spazio vitale + leefruimte + Lebensraum + + lizard Any reptile of the suborder Lacertilia, especially those of the family Lacertidae, typically having an elongated body, four limbs, and a small tail: includes the gechos, iguanas, chameleons, monitors, and slow worms. lézard - Eidechse - hagedissen lucertole + hagedissen + Eidechse + load bearing capacity The maximum load that a system can support before failing. tolérance de charge (eau) - Belastbarkeit - draagvermogen capacità portante + draagvermogen + Belastbarkeit + + @@ -33649,98 +51378,119 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.local authority The power of a government agency or its administrators to administer and implement laws and government policies for a city, town or small district. municipalité - Kommunalbehörde - gemeente autorità locale + gemeente + Kommunalbehörde + apartment block An apartment building in which each apartment is individually wholly owned and the common areas are jointly owned. immeuble en copropriété - Mehrfamilienhaus - flatgebouw condominio + flatgebouw + Mehrfamilienhaus + + local finance The theory and practice of all public money matters pertaining to city, town or small district governments. finances locales - Kommunalfinanzen - plaatselijke financiën finanza locale + plaatselijke financiën + Kommunalfinanzen + local government policy Any course of action adopted and pursued by a ruling political authority or system, which determines the affairs for a city, town, county or regional area. politique des administrations locales - Kommunalpolitik - beleid van de plaatselijke overheid politica locale + beleid van de plaatselijke overheid + Kommunalpolitik + teleheating The supply of heat, either in the form of steam or hot water, from a central source to a group of buildings. chauffage à distance - Fernheizung - afstandsverwarming riscaldamento domestico fornito da impianti industriali situati nelle vicin + afstandsverwarming + Fernheizung + + local building material matériau de construction local - Örtliche Baustoffe - plaatselijke bouwmaterialen materiale locale da costruzione + plaatselijke bouwmaterialen + Örtliche Baustoffe + local passenger service Passenger transport system for a limited local area. trafic voyageurs à courte distance - Personennahverkehr - plaatselijk openbaar vervoer servizio di trasporto locale + plaatselijk openbaar vervoer + Personennahverkehr + + + + local traffic Traffic moving within a city, town, or area and subject to frequent stops, as distinguished from long distance traffic. trafic local - Nahverkehr - plaatselijk verkeer traffico locale + plaatselijk verkeer + Nahverkehr + + + location of industries The particular place that seems apt for the installation of a new plant; the choice of the site depends on a number of economic and environmental factors. site industriel - Industriestandort - vestiging van industrieën localizzazione di industrie + vestiging van industrieën + Industriestandort + + + locomotive A self -propelled engine driven by steam, electricity or diesel power and used for drawing trains along railway tracks. locomotive - Lokomotive - locomotief locomotiva + locomotief + Lokomotive + apiculture Large-scale commercial beekeeping. apiculture - Bienenzucht - bijenteelt apicoltura + bijenteelt + Bienenzucht + + @@ -33748,36 +51498,46 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.long-distance traffic Traffic moving over extended areas, great distances and usually not subject to frequent stops. trafic à grande distance - Fernverkehr - langeafstandsverkeer traffico interurbano + langeafstandsverkeer + Fernverkehr + + + long-distance transport The conveyance of materials or commodities over land, water or through air in which a great distance is covered. transport long courrier - Weiträumiger Transport - langeafstandsvervoer trasporto su lunga distanza + langeafstandsvervoer + Weiträumiger Transport + + long-term effect Effects which will last long after the cause has ceased. effet à long terme - Langzeitwirkung - langetermijneffect effetto a lungo termine + langetermijneffect + Langzeitwirkung + + + long-term effect of pollutants effet polluant à long terme - Langzeitwirkung von Schadstoffen - langetermijneffect van vervuilende stoffen effetto a lungo termine degli inquinanti + langetermijneffect van vervuilende stoffen + Langzeitwirkung von Schadstoffen + + @@ -33785,27 +51545,30 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.1) Experiment lasting for a relatively long period of time. 2) Experiment whose results become effective after a long period of time. expérience sur le long terme - Langzeitversuch - langetermijnexperiment esperimento a lungo termine + langetermijnexperiment + Langzeitversuch + long-term forecasting The act or process of predicting and calculating the likely conditions or occurrences for an extended and future point in time, often involving the study and analysis of pertinent data. prévision à long terme - Langzeitvorhersage - voorspelling op lange termijn previsione a lungo termine + voorspelling op lange termijn + Langzeitvorhersage + long-term trend The prevailing tendency or general direction expected for some observed value over a lengthy and extended period of time, often determined by studying and analyzing statistical data. tendance à long terme - Langzeittrend - langetermijntrend tendenze a lungo termine + langetermijntrend + Langzeittrend + @@ -33814,9 +51577,10 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.lorry A large motor vehicle designed to carry heavy loads, especially one with a flat platform. camion - Lastkraftwagen - vrachtwagen camion + vrachtwagen + Lastkraftwagen + @@ -33824,27 +51588,31 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.loss The result of a business operation where overhead costs are greater than the receipts or income. perte - Verlust (wirtschaftlich) - verlies perdita (economica) + verlies + Verlust (wirtschaftlich) + loss of biotope Destruction of biotopes produced by environmental degradation which in turn is caused by air- or water-borne pollution. perte de biotope - Biotopverlust - het verloren gaan van biotopen perdita di biotopi + het verloren gaan van biotopen + Biotopverlust + + loudness The magnitude of the physiological sensation produced by a sound, which varies directly with the physical intensity of sound but also depends on frequency of sound and waveform. sonorité - Lautstärke - geluidssterkte livello di percezione sonora + geluidssterkte + Lautstärke + @@ -33852,54 +51620,68 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.low-cost housing Residences built at minimal expense and designed to keep the rental rate or price of purchase affordable for persons with limited means, usually determined by an annual income level set below the local median. habitation à loyer modéré (HLM) - Kostensparende Bauweise - betaalbare huisvesting alloggio a basso costo + betaalbare huisvesting + Kostensparende Bauweise + + + appeal Resort to a superior court to review the decision of an inferior court or administrative agency. appel - Anfechtung - beroep appello + beroep + Anfechtung + Lower House The body of a bicameral legislature composed of representatives elected by the general populace and organized into electorates or districts, each comprising an equal number of citizens. Chambre des Députés - Unterhaus - Tweede Kamer (NL) Camera dei deputati + Tweede Kamer (NL) + Unterhaus + lower risk species (IUCN) Animals, birds, fish, plants or other living organisms that have been deemed as not being in danger of extinction. espèces à faible risque - Weniger gefährdete Arten - minder bedreigde soorten (IUCN) specie a basso rischio (IUCN) + minder bedreigde soorten (IUCN) + Weniger gefährdete Arten + + low flow Phase of lowest level of a water course. étiage - Niedrigwasserabfluß - laag debiet magra + laag debiet + Niedrigwasserabfluß + + low-level flight Flying at low altitude. vol à basse altitude - Tiefflug - laagvliegerij volo a bassa quota + laagvliegerij + Tiefflug + + + + + @@ -33908,27 +51690,30 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.appeal procedure Procedure through which it is possible to resort to a superior court to review the decision of an inferior court. procédure d'appel - Beschwerdeverfahren - beroepsprocedure procedura di appello + beroepsprocedure + Beschwerdeverfahren + low-level technology Any relatively unsophisticated technical equipment or method with an amplitude or functionality below what is available in a similar or comparable system. technologie de base - Grundtechnologien - lagere technologie tecnologia di basso livello + lagere technologie + Grundtechnologien + lubricant A substance used to reduce friction between parts or objects in relative motion. lubrifiant - Schmierstoff - smeermiddel lubrificante + smeermiddel + Schmierstoff + @@ -33936,45 +51721,51 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.luminosity The functional relationship between stellar magnitude and the number and distribution of stars of each magnitude interval. Also known as relative luminosity factor. luminosité - Helligkeit - helderheid luminosità + helderheid + Helligkeit + applied ecology The application of ecological principles to the solution of human problems. écologie appliquée - Angewandte Ökologie - toegepaste ecologie ecologia applicata + toegepaste ecologie + Angewandte Ökologie + lye The alkaline solution that is obtained from the leaching of wood ashes. lessive - Lauge - reinigingsmiddel liscivia + reinigingsmiddel + Lauge + lymphatic system A system of vessels and nodes conveying lymph in the vertebrate body, beginning with capillaries in tissue spaces and eventually forming the thoracic ducts which empty in the subclavian veins. système lymphatique - Lymphsystem - lymfatisch systeem sistema linfatico + lymfatisch systeem + Lymphsystem + + lysimetry The measurement of the water percolating through soils and the determination of the materials dissolved by the water. lysimétrie - Lysimetrie - lysimetrie lisimetria + lysimetrie + Lysimetrie + @@ -33982,9 +51773,10 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.applied nutrition Putting to use general principles of the science of human nourishment to address or solve specific problems. nutrition appliquée - Angewandte Ernährung - toegepaste voeding nutrizione applicata + toegepaste voeding + Angewandte Ernährung + @@ -33993,36 +51785,41 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.machine manufacture The making or production of mechanical apparatuses used for commercial or industrial purposes, such as engines and turbines, elevators and conveying equipment, computers and office equipment, and hoists, cranes and industrial trucks. industrie mécanique - Maschinenbau - machine-industrie industria dei macchinari + machine-industrie + Maschinenbau + + macroeconomic goal An aim or objective pertaining to the production, distribution and use of income, wealth and commodities in a country, region or other large area, typically concerned with governmental fiscal and monetary policy as it affects employment, consumption, investment and growth levels. objectif macroéconomique - Gesamtwirtschaftliches Ziel - macro-economische doelstelling obiettivi di macroeconomia + macro-economische doelstelling + Gesamtwirtschaftliches Ziel + macroeconomics Modern economic analysis that is concerned with data inaggregate as opposed to individual form such as national income, consumption and investment. macro-économie - Volkswirtschaftslehre - macro-economie macroeconomia + macro-economie + Volkswirtschaftslehre + applied science Science whose results are employed in technical applications. science appliquée - Angewandte Wissenschaft - toegepaste wetenschap scienze applicate + toegepaste wetenschap + Angewandte Wissenschaft + @@ -34036,44 +51833,50 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.magnetic tape A plastic, paper, or metal tape that is coated or impregnated with magnetizable iron oxide particles, used in magnetic recording. bande magnétique - Magnetband - magneetband nastro magnetico + magneetband + Magnetband + magnetism A class of physical phenomena associated with moving electricity, including the mutual mechanical forces among magnets and electric currents. magnétisme - Magnetismus - magnetisme magnetismo + magnetisme + Magnetismus + mailing list A series of addresses or e-mail addresses to which solicited or unsolicited mass mailings can be sent. liste de diffusion - Adressenliste - verzendingslijst indirizzario + verzendingslijst + Adressenliste + maintenance of environment maintenance de l'environnement - Umweltpflege - milieuonderhoud manutenzione dell'ambiente + milieuonderhoud + Umweltpflege + + major accident An unexpected occurrence, failure or loss beyond normal or specified levels with the potential for harming human life, property or the environment. accident majeur - Großer Unfall - zwaar ongeluk incidente grave + zwaar ongeluk + Großer Unfall + @@ -34082,18 +51885,21 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.malaria A group of human febrile diseases with a chronic relapsing course caused by hemosporidian blood parasites of the genus Plasmodium, transmitted by the bite of Anopheles mosquito. paludisme - Malaria - malaria malaria + malaria + Malaria + malformation Permanent structural change that may adversely affect survival, development or function. malformation - Missbildung - misvorming malformazione + misvorming + Missbildung + + @@ -34101,9 +51907,10 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.malnutrition Defective nutrition due to inadequate intake of nutrients or to their faulty digestion, assimilation or metabolism. malnutrition - Unterernährung - ondervoeding malnutrizione + ondervoeding + Unterernährung + @@ -34112,18 +51919,21 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.1) A flexible and participatory approach to developing economically viable, regionally applicable and sustainable technology. 2) Technology designed to be used in developing countries. Typical requirements are that it should: be easy to use by the unskilled; have no difficult-to-get parts; be easily repaired on the spot. Typical example: a simple windmill to pump water rather than a diesel-driven pump. The terms `alternative', `intermediate' and `appropriate' are often used interchangeably. technologie appropriée - Angepasste Technik (Technologietransfer) - geschikte technologie tecnologia appropriata + geschikte technologie + Angepasste Technik (Technologietransfer) + + mammal Any animal of the Mammalia, a large class of warm-blooded vertebrates having mammary glands in the female, a thoracic diaphragm, and a four-chambered heart. The class includes the whales, carnivores, rodents, bats, primates, etc. mammifère - Säugetier - zoogdieren mammiferi + zoogdieren + Säugetier + @@ -34139,18 +51949,21 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.man (society) A member of the human race. homme - Mensch - mens uomo (società) + mens + Mensch + + management Government, control, superintendence, physical or manual handling or guidance; act of managing by direction or regulation, or administration, as management of family, or of household, etc. gestion - Management - beheer gestione + beheer + Management + @@ -34167,18 +51980,21 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.management contract A legal agreement between two or more parties of employers and workers that outlines the administrative or supervisory work that is expected in exchange for certain payments and working conditions. contrat de gestion - Bewirtschaftungsvertrag - bestuursovereenkomst accordo gestionale + bestuursovereenkomst + Bewirtschaftungsvertrag + management of natural resources Planned use of natural resources, in particular of non-renewable resources, in accordance with principles that assure their optimum long-term economic and social benefits. gestion des ressources naturelles - Naturpflege - natuurbeheer gestione delle risorse naturali + natuurbeheer + Naturpflege + + @@ -34188,54 +52004,61 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.management plan A program of action designed to reach a given set of objectives. plan de gestion - Verwaltungsplan - beheersplan piano di gestione + beheersplan + Verwaltungsplan + mandate A command or authorization to act in a particular way given by an administrator to a subordinate, a court to a lower court or an electorate to its representative. mandat - Mandat - mandaat mandato + mandaat + Mandat + mangrove Plant communities and trees that inhabit tidal swamps, muddy silt, and sand banks at the mouths of rivers and other low-lying areas which are regularly inundated by the sea, but which are protected from strong waves and currents. Mangroves are the only woody species that will grow where the land is periodically flooded with sea water; individual species have adapted themselves to different tidal levels, to various degrees of salinity, and to the nature of the mud or soil. Mangrove swamps and thickets support hundreds of terrestrial, marine, and amphibian species; have a special role in supporting estuarine fisheries; provide shelter, refuge and food for many forms of wildlife. mangrove - Mangrove - wortelboom mangrovia + wortelboom + Mangrove + mangrove swamp A wet, spongy area of land in tropical climates and along coastal regions that is dominated by mangrove trees and shrubs, particularly red mangroves (Rhizophora), black mangroves (Avicennia) and white mangroves (Laguncularia). marais de mangrove - Mangrovensumpf - wortelboommoeras palude a mangrovie + wortelboommoeras + Mangrovensumpf + approval of installations Authorization or permission for setting up or making adjustments to a building or to a mechanical or electrical system or apparatus. homologation d'installations - Anlagengenehmigung - goedkeuring van installaties autorizzazione alle installazioni + goedkeuring van installaties + Anlagengenehmigung + man-made climate change Man-made climate changes may be due to the greenhouse effect and other human activities. A change in albedo of the land brought about by desertification and deforestation affects the amount of solar energy absorbed at the earth's surface. Man-made aerosols produced from the sulphur released from power stations can modify clouds. Changes in ozone levels in the stratosphere due to CFCs may influence climate. changement climatique induit par l'action humaine - Klimaänderung (anthropogen) - door de mens veroorzaakte klimaatsverandering cambiamento del clima ad opera dell'uomo + door de mens veroorzaakte klimaatsverandering + Klimaänderung (anthropogen) + + @@ -34245,9 +52068,11 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. man-nature relationship relations homme-nature - Mensch-Natur-Verhältnis - verhouding tussen de mens en de natuur rapporto uomo-ambiente + verhouding tussen de mens en de natuur + Mensch-Natur-Verhältnis + + @@ -34261,9 +52086,11 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.1) The power generated by a man working. 2) The number of people available for work, service, etc. main-d'oeuvre - Arbeitskraft - mankracht manodopera + mankracht + Arbeitskraft + + @@ -34271,9 +52098,11 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.manufacturing activity Activities connected with the processing of raw material into a finished product, especially by means of a large-scale industrial operation. activité de production - Produzierende Tätigkeit - industriële activiteit attività manufatturiere + industriële activiteit + Produzierende Tätigkeit + + @@ -34281,18 +52110,25 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.manufacturing trade The process or act of exchanging, buying or selling any manufactured product, or the raw materials for any manufacturing process. secteur des produits manufacturés - Produzierendes Gewerbe - fabriekswezen commercio di manufatti + fabriekswezen + Produzierendes Gewerbe + + + manure Animal excreta collected from stables and barnyards with or without litter; used to enrich the soil. fumier - Dünger - mest letame + mest + Dünger + + + + @@ -34303,9 +52139,11 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. manure production production de purin - Düngererzeugung - mestproductie produzione di letame + mestproductie + Düngererzeugung + + @@ -34316,9 +52154,12 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.1) The cultivation and harvest of freshwater or marine animals and plants, in ponds, tanks, cages or on protected beds. This is usually done in inland waters, estuaries or coastal waters. It is estimated that commercial fish farming accounts for more than 10% of the world's fish needs. Fish farming usually concentrates on molluscs, including oysters, mussels and clams, because they are usually immobile and fetch high prices. Shrimps and salmon are also farmed, but the stock have to be caught in the wild first, so that they can be brought up to commercial standards in pens. Aquaculture in not new. In Asia freshwater fish have been farmed for some 4.000 years, usually on small farms. 2) The use of artificial means to increase the production of aquatic organisms in fresh or salt water. aquaculture - Aquakultur - watercultuur acquacoltura + watercultuur + Aquakultur + + + @@ -34331,9 +52172,11 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.map A representation, normally on a flat medium, that displays the physical and political features of a surface area of the earth, showing them in their respective forms, sizes and relationships according to some convention of representation. carte - Karte - kaart carta (geografia) + kaart + Karte + + @@ -34344,9 +52187,11 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.mapping The process of making a map of an area; especially the field work necessary for the production of a map. cartographie (cartes) - Kartierung - kartering mappatura + kartering + Kartierung + + @@ -34354,18 +52199,25 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.mapping of lichens Maps of lichens distribution indicating air quality. Fruticose lichens (with branched structures well above the surface) are more susceptible to SO2 damage than foliose lichens (whose leaflike thallus lies nearly flat on surface) and both in turn are more susceptible than crustose lichens (which embed their tissue in the cracks of bark, soil, or rocks). The use of morphological lichen types as indicators of air pollution concentrations is well developed. cartographie de lichens - Flechtenkartierung - het in kaart brengen van korstmossen mappatura dei licheni + het in kaart brengen van korstmossen + Flechtenkartierung + + + + marble Metamorphic rock composed of recrystallized calcite or dolomite. marbre - Marmor - marmer marmo + marmer + Marmor + + + @@ -34373,36 +52225,48 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.marginal land Low quality land the value of whose production barely covers its cultivation costs. terres marginales - Grenzertragsboden - grensgebied terre marginali + grensgebied + Grenzertragsboden + + + mariculture Cultivation of marine organisms in their natural habitats, usually for commercial purposes. mariculture - Marine Aquakultur - zeewatercultuur maricoltura + zeewatercultuur + Marine Aquakultur + + marina A small port that is used for pleasure rather than trade, often with hotels, restaurants and bars. port de plaisance - Sporthafen - jachthaven marina (porto turistico) + jachthaven + Sporthafen + + + + marine biology A branch of biology that deals with those living organisms which inhabit the sea. biologie marine - Meeresbiologie - mariene biologie biologia marina + mariene biologie + Meeresbiologie + + + @@ -34410,18 +52274,22 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.marine conservation area Any section of a sea or ocean designated for special protection, often to prevent or reduce harm to its wildlife and ecosystems. zone de protection marine - Meeresschutzgebiet - beschermd zeegebied riserve marine + beschermd zeegebied + Meeresschutzgebiet + + aquatic animal Animal having a water habitat. animal aquatique - Wassertier - waterdier animale acquatico + waterdier + Wassertier + + @@ -34431,18 +52299,23 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.marine ecology An integrative science that studies the basic structural and functional relationships within and among living populations and their physical-chemical environments in marine ecosystems. Marine ecology focuses on specific organisms as well as on particular environments or physical settings. écologie marine - Meeresökologie - mariene ecologie ecologia marina + mariene ecologie + Meeresökologie + + + marine ecosystem Any marine environment, from pond to ocean, in which plants and animals interact with the chemical and physical features of the environment. écosystème marin - Meeresökosystem - mariene ecosysteem ecosistema marino + mariene ecosysteem + Meeresökosystem + + @@ -34451,36 +52324,42 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.marine engineering The design, construction, installation, operation, and maintenance of main power plants, as well as the associated auxiliary machinery and equipment, for the propulsion of ships. génie marin - Schiffstechnik - scheepswerktuigkunde ingegneria navale + scheepswerktuigkunde + Schiffstechnik + + marine environment Marine environments include estuaries, coastal marine and nearshore zones, and open-ocean-deep-sea regions. milieu marin - Meeresumwelt - mariene milieu ambiente marino + mariene milieu + Meeresumwelt + marine fauna Animals which live in the sea. faune marine - Meeresfauna - mariene fauna fauna marina + mariene fauna + Meeresfauna + + marine fishery The harvest of animals and plants from the ocean to provide food and recreation for people, food for animals, and a variety of organic materials for industry. pêche maritime - Meeresfischerei - zeevisserij pesca in mare + zeevisserij + Meeresfischerei + @@ -34492,36 +52371,44 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.marine geology That aspect of the study of the ocean that deals specifically with the ocean floor and the ocean-continent border, including submarine relief features, the geochemistry and petrology of the sediments and rocks of the ocean bottom and the influence of seawater and waves on the ocean bottom and its materials. géologie marine - Meeresgeologie - mariene geologie geologia marina + mariene geologie + Meeresgeologie + aquatic ecology The study of the relationships among aquatic living organisms and between those organisms and their environment. hydro-écologie - Wasserökologie - ecologie van het water ecologia acquatica + ecologie van het water + Wasserökologie + marine monitoring The assessment of marine pollution by an integrated chemical, ecological and toxicological survey. surveillance du milieu marin - Meeresüberwachung - controle van de zee monitoraggio del mare + controle van de zee + Meeresüberwachung + + + + marine organism Organisms which live in sea water. organisme marin - Meeresorganismen - marien organisme organismo marino + marien organisme + Meeresorganismen + + @@ -34530,9 +52417,11 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.marine pollution Any detrimental alteration of the marine environment caused by the intentional or accidental release of dangerous or toxic substances, such as industrial, commercial and urban waste water. pollution de la mer - Meeresverunreinigung - zeevervuiling inquinamento del mare + zeevervuiling + Meeresverunreinigung + + @@ -34541,35 +52430,43 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.marine reserve Sea area where marine wildlife is protected. réserve marine - Meeresschutzgebiet - marien reservaat riserva marina + marien reservaat + Meeresschutzgebiet + + + marine resources conservation préservation des ressources marines - Schutz der Meeresressourcen - bescherming van de zeerijkdommen conservazione delle risorse del mare + bescherming van de zeerijkdommen + Schutz der Meeresressourcen + + marine sediment Solid fragmental material, originated from weathering of rocks, that has settled down from a state of suspension in the water. sédiment marin - Meeressediment - afzetting in zee sedimento marino + afzetting in zee + Meeressediment + aquatic ecosystem Any watery environment, from small to large, from pond to ocean, in which plants and animals interact with the chemical and physical features of the environment. écosystème aquatique - Ökosystem (aquatisch) - ecosysteem in water ecosistema acquatico + ecosysteem in water + Ökosystem (aquatisch) + + @@ -34582,9 +52479,11 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.maritime law That system of law which particularly relates to marine commerce and navigation, to business transacted at sea or relating to navigation, to ships and shipping, to seamen, to the transportation of persons and property by sea, and to marine affairs generally. droit maritime - Seerecht - zeerecht diritto marittimo + zeerecht + Seerecht + + @@ -34592,18 +52491,23 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.maritime navigation Travelling on the sea by means of boats, ships, etc. navigation maritime - Seeschiffahrt - zeenavigatie navigazione marittima + zeenavigatie + Seeschiffahrt + + maritime transport Transportation of goods or persons by means of ships travelling on the sea. transport maritime - Seeverkehr - zeevervoer trasporto marittimo + zeevervoer + Seeverkehr + + + @@ -34611,9 +52515,12 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.1) Small amount of an easily detected substance that can be used to follow and quantify the flow of materials or movement of organisms not otherwise visible or detectable by ordinary means. 2) An isotope of an element, a small amount of which may be incorporated into a sample of material in order to follow the course of that element through a chemical, biological, or physical process, and thus also follow the larger sample. The tracer may be radioactive, in which case observations are made by measuring the radioactivity. marqueur - Markierungsstoff - merkstof marcatore + merkstof + Markierungsstoff + + + @@ -34621,9 +52528,12 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.tracer A minute quantity of radioactive isotope used in medicine or biology to study the chemical changes within living tissues. traceur - Tracer - merkstof tracciante + merkstof + Tracer + + + @@ -34631,9 +52541,11 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.market Place of commercial activity in which articles are bought and sold. Also purchase and sale. In a limited sense market is the range of bid and asked prices reported by brokers making the market in over-the-counter securities. Also the demand for any particular article. marché - Markt - markt mercato + markt + Markt + + @@ -34645,27 +52557,30 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.market economy A mixed economy that relies heavily on markets to answer the three basic questions of allocation, but with a modest amount of government involvement. While it is commonly termed capitalism, market-oriented economy is much more descriptive of how the economy is structured. économie de marché - Marktwirtschaft - markteconomie economia di mercato + markteconomie + Marktwirtschaft + market form The organizational form or structure of the trade or traffic of a particular commodity. forme de marché - Marktform - marktvorm forma di mercato + marktvorm + Marktform + marketing A related group of business activities whose purpose is to satisfy the demands for goods and services of consumers, businesses and government. The marketing process includes estimating the demand, producing the product, pricing the product to satisfy profit criteria, and promoting and distributing the product. marketing - Marketing - marketing marketing + marketing + Marketing + @@ -34673,27 +52588,31 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.market research The systematic gathering, recording, computing, and analysing of data about problems relating to the sale and distribution of goods and services for certain time periods. étude de marché - Marktforschung - marktonderzoek ricerca di mercato + marktonderzoek + Marktforschung + marsupial Type of Australian mammal with a pouch in which the young are carried. Marsupials give birth to young at a much earlier stage of development than other mammals so that the young need to be protected in the mother's pouch for some months until they become able to look after themselves. marsupiaux - Beuteltiere - buideldieren marsupiali + buideldieren + Beuteltiere + mass media The means of communication that reach large numbers of people, such as television, newspapers, magazines and radio. mass media - Massenmedien - massamedia mass media + massamedia + Massenmedien + + @@ -34703,9 +52622,10 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. aquatic mammal mammifère aquatique - Meeressäugetier - waterzoogdier mammifero acquatico + waterzoogdier + Meeressäugetier + @@ -34713,18 +52633,21 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.mass recreation A pastime, diversion, exercise or other means of enjoyment and relaxation that is shared with or performed by a large number of people. loisir de masse - Massenerholung - massavrijetijdsbesteding ricreazione di massa + massavrijetijdsbesteding + Massenerholung + + separation The separation of one substance from another when they are intimately mixed. For example the removal of oil from water, or gas from oil or oil from gas, etc. séparation des masses (physique) - Stofftrennung - scheiding van stoffen separazione di sostanze + scheiding van stoffen + Stofftrennung + @@ -34739,18 +52662,23 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.mass transport (physics) The movement of matter in a medium. transport de masse - Stofftransport - bulkvervoer trasporto di massa (fisica) + bulkvervoer + Stofftransport + + + + material The substance of which a product is made or composed. matériau - Werkstoff - materialen materiali + materialen + Werkstoff + @@ -34760,9 +52688,11 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.balance of matter A calculation to inventory material inputs versus outputs in a process system. bilan matière - Stoffbilanz - stofbalans bilancio di materia + stofbalans + Stoffbilanz + + @@ -34771,9 +52701,10 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.material life cycle All the stages involved in the manufacturing, distribution and retail, use and re-use and maintenance, recycling and waste management of materials. cycle de vie des matériaux - Stoffkreislauf - levenscyclus van materialen ciclo di vita dei materiali + levenscyclus van materialen + Stoffkreislauf + @@ -34781,9 +52712,11 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.materials science The study of the nature, behaviour, and use of materials applied to science and technology. sciences des matériaux - Werkstoffkunde - materiaalkennis scienza dei materiali + materiaalkennis + Werkstoffkunde + + @@ -34793,18 +52726,21 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.testing of materials The complex of tests performed in order to ascertain the characteristics and behaviour of materials; they are classified in physical and chemical tests, mechanical tests and technological tests. contrôle des matériaux - Materialprüfung - testen van materialen prova dei materiali + testen van materialen + Materialprüfung + + mathematical analysis The branch of mathematics most explicitly concerned with the limit process or the concept of convergence; includes the theories of differentiation, integration and measure, infinite series, and analytic functions. analyse mathématique - Mathematische Analyse - wiskundige analyse analisi matematica + wiskundige analyse + Mathematische Analyse + @@ -34812,18 +52748,21 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. mathematical method méthode mathématique - Mathematische Methode - wiskundige methode metodo matematico + wiskundige methode + Mathematische Methode + acid rain Rain having a pH less than 5.6. The acidity results from chemical reactions occurring when water, sulphur dioxide, and nitrogen oxides, generally released by industrial processes, are chemically transformed into sulphuric and nitric acids. pluie acide - Saurer Regen - zure regen pioggia acida + zure regen + Saurer Regen + + @@ -34832,18 +52771,26 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.aquatic micro-organism Microorganisms having a water habitat. micro-organisme aquatique - Wassermikroorganismus - micro-organisme in water microorganismo acquatico + micro-organisme in water + Wassermikroorganismus + maximum admissible concentration The maximum exposure to a physical or chemical agent allowed in an 8-hour work day to prevent disease or injury. concentration maximale admissible - MAK-Wert - toelaatbare maximumconcentratie concentrazione massima ammissibile + toelaatbare maximumconcentratie + MAK-Wert + + + + + + + @@ -34852,9 +52799,16 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.maximum immission concentration The maximum concentration of air polluting substances in the free environment whose impact when of specified duration and frequency is not objectionable to man, fauna and flora. concentration maximale d'immission - MIK-Wert - toelaatbare maximumimmissie massima concentrazione di immissione + toelaatbare maximumimmissie + MIK-Wert + + + + + + + @@ -34863,9 +52817,11 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.aquatic organism Organisms which live in water. organisme aquatique - Wasserorganismen - organisme in water organismo acquatico + organisme in water + Wasserorganismen + + @@ -34878,9 +52834,12 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.meadow Strictly a term for a field of permanent grass used for hay, but also applied to rich, waterside grazing areas that are not suitable for arable cultivation. pré - Wiese - weide prato + weide + Wiese + + + @@ -34888,18 +52847,20 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.transportation mean Vehicles used for transferring people or goods from one place to another. moyen de transport - Verkehrsmittel - vervoersmiddel mezzi di trasporto + vervoersmiddel + Verkehrsmittel + measuring The ability of the analytical method or protocol to quantify as well as identify the presence of the substance in question. mesure (méthode analytique) - Messung - meting misurazione (in generale) + meting + Messung + @@ -34913,18 +52874,20 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. measuring method méthode de mesure - Meßmethode - meetmethode metodo di misura + meetmethode + Meßmethode + measuring programme programme de mesure - Messprogramm - meetprogramma programma di misura + meetprogramma + Messprogramm + @@ -34932,27 +52895,33 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.meat The edible flesh of animals, especially that of mammals as opposed to that of fish or a nut. viande - Fleisch - vlees carne + vlees + Fleisch + + + mechanical engineering The branch of engineering concerned with the design, construction, and operation of machines. génie mécanique - Maschinenbau - procestechnologie ingegneria meccanica + procestechnologie + Maschinenbau + medical science The science and art of treating and healing. science médicale - Medizinwissenschaft - medische wetenschappen scienze mediche + medische wetenschappen + Medizinwissenschaft + + @@ -34974,18 +52943,21 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. discarded medicinal drug médicament éliminé - Altmedikament - afgedankt geneeskrachtig medicijn rifiuto medico + afgedankt geneeskrachtig medicijn + Altmedikament + medicinal plant Plants having therapeutic properties. plante médicinale - Heilpflanze - geneeskrachtige plant(ensoort) pianta medicinale + geneeskrachtige plant(ensoort) + Heilpflanze + + @@ -34993,9 +52965,11 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.aquatic plant Plants adapted for a partially or completely submerged life. plante aquatique - Wasserpflanze - waterplant pianta acquatica + waterplant + Wasserpflanze + + @@ -35003,9 +52977,11 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.medicine (practice) The science and art of treating and healing. médecine - Medizin - geneeskunde medicina + geneeskunde + Medizin + + @@ -35019,9 +52995,10 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.Mediterranean Area The collective islands and countries of the inland sea between Europe, Africa and Asia that is linked to the Atlantic Ocean at its western end by the Strait of Gibraltar and includes the Tyrrhenian, Adriatic, Aegean and Ionian seas. zone méditerranéenne - Mittelmeerraum - Middellands zeegebied Area mediterranea + Middellands zeegebied + Mittelmeerraum + @@ -35029,35 +53006,43 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.Mediterranean wood A plant formation found in the Mediterranean area comprising mainly lowgrowing, xerophilous evergreen trees and shrubs. It results mainly from the deterioration of the original vegetation by grazing and burning. bois méditerranéen - Mediterraner Wald - Middellandse-zeehout bosco mediterraneo + Middellandse-zeehout + Mediterraner Wald + + + melting A change of the state of a substance from the solid phase to the liquid phase. Also known as fusion. fusion - Schmelzen - het (ver)smelten fusione (processo) + het (ver)smelten + Schmelzen + + membrane A thin tissue that encloses or lines biological cells, organs, or other structures. It consists of a double layer of lipids with protein molecules between the two layers. Membranes are permeable to water and fat-soluble substances but not to such polar molecules as sugars. membrane - Membran - vlies membrana + vlies + Membran + + mental effect effet mental - Mentaler Effekt - psychologisch effect effetto mentale + psychologisch effect + Mentaler Effekt + @@ -35066,9 +53051,10 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.mercury A heavy silvery-white toxic liquid metallic element occurring principally in cinnabar: used in thermometers, barometers, mercury-vapour lamps, and dental amalgams. mercure - Quecksilber - kwik mercurio + kwik + Quecksilber + @@ -35077,26 +53063,30 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.mercury contamination The presence and release into the air, water and soil of mercury, a naturally occurring heavy metal element, by both natural occurrences such as vaporization and human activities such as burning coal, mining and smelting. contamination par le mercure - Quecksilberverseuchung - kwikverontreiniging contaminazione da mercurio + kwikverontreiniging + Quecksilberverseuchung + + aquatic recreational amenity infrastructure de loisirs aquatiques - Wassererholungseinrichtung - aantrekkelijke kant van waterrecreatie struttura ricreativa acquatica + aantrekkelijke kant van waterrecreatie + Wassererholungseinrichtung + metabolism All the chemical reactions that take place in a living organism, comprising both anabolism and catabolism. Basal metabolism is the energy exchange of an animal at rest. Catabolism is the synthesis of complex molecules from simpler ones. Catabolism is the breaking down by organisms of complex molecules into simpler ones with the liberation of energy. métabolisme - Stoffwechsel - stofwisseling metabolismo + stofwisseling + Stoffwechsel + @@ -35110,45 +53100,53 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.metabolism of pesticides The sum of chemical reactions, including both synthesis and breakdown, that occurs in substances or mixtures intended to prevent, destroy or mitigate pests that are directly or indirectly detrimental to harvest crops and other humans interests. métabolisme des pesticides - Pestizidmetabolismus - stofwisseling van bestrijdingsmiddelen metabolismo dei pesticidi + stofwisseling van bestrijdingsmiddelen + Pestizidmetabolismus + + metabolite A product of intermediary metabolism. métabolite - Stoffwechselprodukt - stofwisselingsproduct metabolita + stofwisselingsproduct + Stoffwechselprodukt + + metainformation Data assembled to describe or define another body of data, a document or any information element. méta-informations - Metainformation - meta-informatie metainformazione + meta-informatie + Metainformation + metal finishing A process in which a chemical or some other substance is applied to metals as a way to clean, protect, alter or modify appearance or physical properties, especially surface properties. traitement de surface - Metallverarbeitung - metaalafwerking rifinitura dei metalli + metaalafwerking + Metallverarbeitung + aqueduct A channel for supplying water; often underground, but treated architecturally on high arches when crossing valleys or low ground. aqueduc - Aquädukt - aquaduct acquedotto + aquaduct + Aquädukt + + @@ -35156,9 +53154,13 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.metallic mineral Minerals containing metals, such as bauxite, pyrite, etc. mineral métallique - Metallisches Mineral - metaalerts minerale metallico + metaalerts + Metallisches Mineral + + + + @@ -35166,9 +53168,11 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.metallurgical industry Industry concerned with the extraction, refining, alloying and fabrication of metals. industrie métallurgique - Hüttenindustrie - metaalverwerkende industrie industria metallurgica + metaalverwerkende industrie + Hüttenindustrie + + @@ -35178,9 +53182,10 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.metal oxide Any binary compound in which oxygen is combined with one or more metal atoms. oxyde métallique - Metalloxid - metaaloxide ossido metallico + metaaloxide + Metalloxid + @@ -35188,26 +53193,30 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.metal plating Forming a thin, adherent layer of metal on an object. revêtement métallique - Metallisierung - metaal walsen placcatura di metalli + metaal walsen + Metallisierung + aquifer Layers of rock, sand or gravel that can absorb water and allow it to flow. An aquifer acts as a groundwater reservoir when the underlying rock is impermeable. This may be tapped by wells for domestic, agricultural or industrial use. A serious environmental problem arises when the aquifer is contaminated by the seepage of sewage or toxins from waste dumps. If the groundwater in coastal areas is over-used salt water can seep into the aquifer. aquifère - Grundwasserträger - watervoerende laag acquifero + watervoerende laag + Grundwasserträger + + metal product produit métallique - Metallwaren - metaalproduct prodotto metallico + metaalproduct + Metallwaren + @@ -35215,9 +53224,11 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.metal products industry Industry related with the primary metal processing and fabricated metal products manufacturing. The most important end uses of the products of the metals industries are automobiles, machinery, appliances, electrical equipment, structures, furniture, and containers. industrie des produits métalliques - Metallwarenindustrie - metaalproductenindustrie industria dei prodotti metallici + metaalproductenindustrie + Metallwarenindustrie + + @@ -35225,9 +53236,11 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.metal An opaque crystalline material usually of high strength with good electrical and thermal conductivities, ductility and reflectivity. métal - Metall - metalen metallo + metalen + Metall + + @@ -35240,17 +53253,19 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.metal smelting A metallurgical process in which ore mixtures are heated above melting point to extract or yield a crude metal. fusion du métal - Metallverschmelzung - metaal smelten fusione dei metalli + metaal smelten + Metallverschmelzung + metal working travail du métal - Metallbearbeitung - metaalbewerking lavorazione dei metalli + metaalbewerking + Metallbearbeitung + @@ -35260,9 +53275,12 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.meteorological disaster Violent, sudden and destructive change to the environment related to, produced by, or affecting the earth's atmosphere, especially the weather-forming processes. catastrophe météorologique - Wetterkatastrophe - weerkundige ramp disastro meteorologico + weerkundige ramp + Wetterkatastrophe + + + @@ -35272,9 +53290,11 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.meteorological forecasting A branch of science that studies the dynamics of the atmosphere and the direct effects of the atmosphere upon the Earth's surface, oceans and inhabitants, focusing particularly on weather and weather conditions. prévision météorologique - Wettervorhersage - weersvoorspelling previsione meteorologica + weersvoorspelling + Wettervorhersage + + @@ -35282,18 +53302,20 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.meteorological parameter Variables, such as pressure, temperature, wind strength, humidity, etc. from which conclusions as to the forthcoming weather are drawn. paramètre météorologique - Meteorologischer Parameter - weerkundige parameter parametro meteorologico + weerkundige parameter + Meteorologischer Parameter + meteorological phenomenon Phenomena which occur in the troposphere and stratosphere, such as precipitations, wind, temperature, etc. phénomène météorologique - Witterungserscheinung - weerkundig verschijnsel fenomeno meteorologico + weerkundig verschijnsel + Witterungserscheinung + @@ -35316,9 +53338,11 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.meteorology The science concerned with the atmosphere and its phenomena. météorologie - Meteorologie - weerkunde meteorologia + weerkunde + Meteorologie + + @@ -35327,9 +53351,10 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.methane A colourless, odourless, and tasteless gas, lighter than air and reacting violently with chlorine and bromine in sunlight, a chief component of natural gas; used as a source of methanol, acetylene, and carbon monoxide. Also known as methyl hydride. méthane - Methan - moerasgas metano + moerasgas + Methan + @@ -35338,9 +53363,10 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.acid A compound capable of transferring a hydrogen ion in solution. acide - Säure - zuren acido + zuren + Säure + @@ -35349,9 +53375,10 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.methodology The system of methods and principles used in a particular discipline. méthodologie - Methodik - methodiek metodologia + methodiek + Methodik + @@ -35367,116 +53394,139 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.arable farming Growing crops as opposed to dairy farming, cattle farming, etc. culture de champ - Ackerbau - akkerbouw coltura dei campi + akkerbouw + Ackerbau + metropolis A term applied loosely to any large city, but specifically to that city in a country which is the seat of government, of ecclesiastical authority, or of commercial activity. métropole - Metropole - wereldstad metropoli + wereldstad + Metropole + + + microbial resource Any available source of supply derived from microbes, which would be used for beneficial purposes, such as for the production of food substances and drugs. ressource microbienne - Mikrobielle Ressourcen - microbiële bronnen risorse microbiche + microbiële bronnen + Mikrobielle Ressourcen + + microbiological analysis Analysis for the identification of viruses, bacteria, fungi and parasites. analyse microbiologique - Microbiologische Analyse - microbiologische analyse analisi microbiologica + microbiologische analyse + Microbiologische Analyse + + microbiology The science and study of microorganisms, including protozoans, algae, fungi, bacteria, viruses, and rickettsiae. microbiologie - Mikrobiologie - microbiologie microbiologia + microbiologie + Mikrobiologie + + microclimate The local, rather uniform climate of a specific place or habitat, compared with the climate of the entire area of which it is a part. microclimat - Mikroklima - microklimaat microclima + microklimaat + Mikroklima + microclimate effect effet de microclimat - Mikroklimatische Wirkung - effect op het microklimaat effetto microclimatico + effect op het microklimaat + Mikroklimatische Wirkung + microclimatology The study of a microclimate, including the study of profiles of temperature, moisture and wind in the lowest stratum of air, the effects of the vegetation and of shelterbelts, and the modifying effects of towns and buildings. microclimatologie - Mikroklimatologie - microklimatologie microclimatologia + microklimatologie + Mikroklimatologie + + microcomputer A microprocessor combined with input/output interface devices, some type of external memory, and the other elements required to form a working computer system; it is smaller, lower in cost, and usually slower than a minicomputer. micro-ordinateur - Mikrocomputer - microcomputer microcomputer + microcomputer + Mikrocomputer + microecosystem A small-scale, simplified, experimental ecosystem, laboratory- or field- based, which may be: a) derived directly from nature (e.g. when samples of pond water are maintained subsequently by the input of artificial light and gas-exchange); or b) built up from axenic cultures (a culture of an organism that consists of one type of organism only, i.e. that is free from any contaminating organism) until the required conditions of organisms and environment are achieved. Also known as microcosm. microécosystème - Modellökosystem - micro-ecosysteem microecosistema + micro-ecosysteem + Modellökosystem + + microelectronics The technology of constructing circuits and devices in extremely small packages by various techniques. Also known as microminiaturization; microsystem electronics. microélectronique - Mikroelektronik - micro-elektronica microelettronica + micro-elektronica + Mikroelektronik + + microfiltration The separation or removal from a liquid of particulates and microorganisms in the size range of 0.1 to 0.2 microns in diameter. microfiltration - Mikrofiltration - microfiltratie microfiltrazione + microfiltratie + Mikrofiltration + + + micro-organism A microscopic organism, including bacteria, protozoans, yeast, viruses, and algae. micro-organisme - Mikroorganismen - micro-organisme microorganismo + micro-organisme + Mikroorganismen + @@ -35486,27 +53536,31 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.micropollutant Pollutant which exists in very small traces in water. micropolluant - Spurenstoffverunreinigung - microverontreiniging microinquinante + microverontreiniging + Spurenstoffverunreinigung + microscopy The interpretative application of microscope magnification to the study of materials that cannot be properly seen by the unaided eye. microscopie - Mikroskopie - microscopie microscopia + microscopie + Mikroskopie + microwave An electromagnetic wave which has a wavelength between about 0.3 and 30 centimeters, corresponding to frequencies of 1-100 gigahertz; however there are no sharp boundaries between microwaves and infrared and radio waves. onde à hyperfréquences - Mikrowellen - microgolf microonde + microgolf + Mikrowellen + + @@ -35514,18 +53568,22 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.migrant labour Temporary employment performed by persons who move from place to place, such as agricultural workers following crop seasons. migration des travailleurs - Wanderarbeitskräfte - gastarbeid manodopera migrante + gastarbeid + Wanderarbeitskräfte + + human migration The permanent or semipermanent change of a person's place of residence. migration humaine - Bevölkerungsmigration - volksverhuizing migrazione umana + volksverhuizing + Bevölkerungsmigration + + @@ -35534,9 +53592,10 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.animal migration Movements that particular animals carry out regularly often between breeding places and winter feeding grounds. migration animale - Tierwanderung - trek migrazione animale + trek + Tierwanderung + @@ -35545,35 +53604,40 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.migratory bird Birds which migrate in a body. oiseau migrateur - Zugvogel - trekvogel uccello migratore + trekvogel + Zugvogel + migratory species espèce migratrice - Wandernde Tierart - trekkende soorten specie migratrice + trekkende soorten + Wandernde Tierart + military aspects aspect militaire - militärische Aspekte - militaire aspecten aspetti militari + militaire aspecten + militärische Aspekte + military activities Actions and movements pertaining to or conducted by the armed forces. activité militaire - Militärische Aktivitäten - militaire activiteiten attività militari + militaire activiteiten + Militärische Aktivitäten + + @@ -35586,9 +53650,12 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.military air traffic Air traffic of or relating to the armed forces. trafic aérien militaire - Militärluftfahrt - militair luchtverkeer traffico aereo militare + militair luchtverkeer + Militärluftfahrt + + + @@ -35596,9 +53663,10 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.military zone Area whose utilization is exclusively reserved to the army. zone militaire - Militärgebiet - militair terrein zona militare + militair terrein + Militärgebiet + @@ -35606,18 +53674,22 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.milk The whitish fluid secreted by the mammary gland for the nourishment of the young; composed of carbohydrates, proteins, fats. mineral salts, vitamins, and antibodies. lait - Milch - melk latte + melk + Milch + + mill A building where grain is crushed into flour. moulin - Mühle - molen mulino + molen + Mühle + + @@ -35626,27 +53698,36 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.mine An opening or excavation in the earth for extracting minerals. mine - Bergwerk - mijn miniera + mijn + Bergwerk + + + mine filling Filling of disused mines with soil, crushed stone, or waste materials in order to restore the geological, agricultural and landscape features of the concerned area. remblayage de mines - Grubenzuschüttung - volstorten van mijnen riempimento di miniera + volstorten van mijnen + Grubenzuschüttung + + + + mineral deposit A mass of naturally occurring mineral material, e.g. metal ores or nonmetallic mineral, usually of economic value, without regard to mode of origin. gisement - Minerallagerstätte - delfstofafzetting giacimento minerario + delfstofafzetting + Minerallagerstätte + + @@ -35658,9 +53739,12 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.mineral extraction The process of extracting metallic or nonmetallic mineral deposits from the Earth. extraction de mineraux - Mineralienabbau - delfstoffenwinning estrazione di minerali + delfstoffenwinning + Mineralienabbau + + + @@ -35668,9 +53752,10 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.mineral fibre A fiber manufactured from glass, rock, or slag generally for use in fabricating heat insulation. fibre minérale - Mineralfaser - mineraalvezel fibra minerale + mineraalvezel + Mineralfaser + @@ -35679,18 +53764,22 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.mineral industry Industry for the exploitation of minerals from soil deposits by underground excavations or open workings, employing adequate plants and equipment. industrie minérale - Mineralstoffindustrie - delfstoffenindustrie industria della lavorazione dei minerali + delfstoffenindustrie + Mineralstoffindustrie + + mineralisation The process of fossilization whereby inorganic materials replace the organic constituent of an organism. minéralisation - Mineralisation - mineralisatie mineralizzazione + mineralisatie + Mineralisation + + @@ -35698,9 +53787,10 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.arboriculture The planting and care of woody plants, especially trees. arboriculture - Baumzucht - boomkwekerij arboricoltura + boomkwekerij + Baumzucht + @@ -35708,9 +53798,11 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.mineralogy The science which concerns the study of natural inorganic substances called minerals. minéralogie - Mineralogie - mineralogie mineralogia + mineralogie + Mineralogie + + @@ -35718,9 +53810,12 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.mineral resource Valuable mineral deposits of an area that are presently recoverable and may be so in the future; includes known ore bodies and potential ore. ressource minérale - Bodenschätze - delfstoffen risorse minerali + delfstoffen + Bodenschätze + + + @@ -35730,9 +53825,13 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.mineral A naturally occurring substance with a characteristic chemical composition expressed by a chemical formula; may occur as individual crystals or may be disseminated in some other material or rock. minéral - Mineral - delfstof minerale + delfstof + Mineral + + + + @@ -35746,9 +53845,12 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.mineral water Water containing naturally or artificially supplied minerals or gases. eau minérale - Mineralwasser - mineraalwater acqua minerale + mineraalwater + Mineralwasser + + + @@ -35757,27 +53859,34 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.minimal cost planning The process of making arrangements or preparations to facilitate the production of goods or services at an output that would require the lowest possible expenditure of money, time or labor. stratégie de minimisation des coûts - Minimalkostenplanung - minimale kostenplanning pianificazione del costo minimo + minimale kostenplanning + Minimalkostenplanung + minimisation of damage The activity of reducing the harm or injury done to the environment or ecosystem. minimisation des dommages - Schadensminderung - schademinimalisering minimizzazione del danno + schademinimalisering + Schadensminderung + mining district A district where mineral exploitation is performed. arrondissement minier - Bergbaugebiet - mijnstreek distretto minerario + mijnstreek + Bergbaugebiet + + + + + @@ -35789,18 +53898,20 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.mining engineering Engineering concerned with the discovery, development and exploitation of coal, ores, and minerals, as well as the cleaning, sizing and dressing of the product. ingéniérie minière - Bergbautechnik - mijnbouw - technologie ingegneria mineraria + mijnbouw - technologie + Bergbautechnik + mining geology The study of geologic aspects of mineral deposits, with particular regard to problems associated with mining. géologie minière - Bergbaugeologie - mijnbouw - geologie geologia mineraria + mijnbouw - geologie + Bergbaugeologie + @@ -35808,9 +53919,12 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.mining industry A sector of the economy in which an aggregate of commercial enterprises is engaged in the extraction of minerals occurring naturally, often involving quarrying, well operations, milling, exploration and development. industrie minière - Bergbauindustrie - mijnbouw industria mineraria + mijnbouw + Bergbauindustrie + + + @@ -35819,36 +53933,47 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.archaeological site Any location containing significant relics and artifacts of past culture. site archéologique - Bodendenkmal - archeologische vindplaats zona archeologica + archeologische vindplaats + Bodendenkmal + + mining law A binding rule or body of rules prescribed by a government to regulate the potentially harmful activity of enterprises concerned with the extraction and processing of precious or valuable metals. droit minier - Bergrecht - mijnbouwwet legislazione mineraria + mijnbouwwet + Bergrecht + + + mining regulation A rule or order prescribed by government or management to promote the safety, legality or ecological responsibility of any aspect of the process or industry of ore extraction. règlement sur les mines - Bergverordnung - mijnbouwvoorschrift regolamentazione dell'attività mineraria + mijnbouwvoorschrift + Bergverordnung + + + mining site restoration Mining is an intensive type of land use with potential for environmental impact over a limited area. When closure occurs, it should address both environmental and safety aspects. Mine reclamation is an ongoing program designed to restore to an acceptable state the physical, chemical and biological quality or potential of air, land and water regimes disturbed by mining. The objective of mine reclamation is to prevent or minimize adverse long-term environmental impacts, and create a self-sustaining ecosystem as near as practicable to what existed before the mining activity. remise en état de sites miniers - Sanierung von Bergbaugebieten - landschapsherstel van voormalige mijnbouwgebieden bonifica di zone minerarie + landschapsherstel van voormalige mijnbouwgebieden + Sanierung von Bergbaugebieten + + + @@ -35856,9 +53981,10 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.mining waste Any residue which results from the extraction of raw materials from the earth. déchets des industries minières - Bergbauabfall - mijnbouwafval rifiuto da attività mineraria + mijnbouwafval + Bergbauabfall + @@ -35866,45 +53992,50 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.ministerial decree A formal judgment or mandate handed down on a specific issue or concern from a major administrative department of a state, usually under the authority of that department's chief minister, secretary or administrator. décret ministériel - Ministerialerlaß - ministerieel besluit decreto ministeriale + ministerieel besluit + Ministerialerlaß + ministry The body of top government administrators or other high ranking public officials that are selected by a head of state to manage certain aspects of a state's affairs, as opposed to civil servants whose tenure is unaffected by public changes resulting from democratic elections or some other process. ministère - Ministerium - ministerie ministero + ministerie + Ministerium + archaeology The scientific study of the material remains of the cultures of historical or prehistorical peoples. archéologie - Archäologie - archeologie archeologia + archeologie + Archäologie + minority A group that is different racially, politically, etc. from a larger group of which it is a part. minorité - Minderheit - minderheid minoranza + minderheid + Minderheit + miscellaneous product produits divers - Mischprodukt - divers product prodotti vari + divers product + Mischprodukt + @@ -35922,36 +54053,41 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.miscibility The tendency or capacity of two or more liquids to form a uniform blend, that is, to dissolve in each other; degrees are total miscibility, partial miscibility, and immiscibility. miscibilité - Mischbarkeit - mengbaarheid miscibilità + mengbaarheid + Mischbarkeit + + archipelago A chain of many islands including the waters that surround them. archipel - Archipel - eilandengroep arcipelago + eilandengroep + Archipel + mite An order of small Arachnida with rounded bodies. Mites are very abundant in the soil, feeding on plant material and invertebrate animals. Some parasitic mites (e.g. red spider) damage crops and can be serious pests. Others cause diseases in animals. Ticks are blood-suckers, some being vectors of diseases such as Rocky Mountain spotted fever in humans and fowls, and louping ill in cattle and sheep. acarien - Milbe - mijten acari + mijten + Milbe + mitigation measure Any procedure or action undertaken to reduce the adverse impacts that a project or activity may have on the environment. mesure d'atténuation - Begrenzungsmaßnahme - verzachtende maatregel misura attenuativa + verzachtende maatregel + Begrenzungsmaßnahme + @@ -35960,27 +54096,32 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.mixed farming Type of agriculture based on the combination of crop production and cattle raising. exploitation mixte - Landwirtschaftlicher Mischbetrieb - gemengd (landbouw)bedrijf coltura mista + gemengd (landbouw)bedrijf + Landwirtschaftlicher Mischbetrieb + mixed forest A forest composed of several tree species. forêt mixte - Mischwald - gemengd bos foresta mista + gemengd bos + Mischwald + + mixed use area Use of land for more than one purpose; e.g. grazing of livestock, watershed and wildlife protection, recreation, and timber production. zone d'aménagement mixte - Gemengelage - gebied dat voor meerdere doeleinden wordt gebruikt area a destinazioni multiple + gebied dat voor meerdere doeleinden wordt gebruikt + Gemengelage + + @@ -35988,9 +54129,10 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.mixing The intermingling of different materials to produce a homogeneous mixture. mélanger - Mischen - (ver)mengen miscelazione + (ver)mengen + Mischen + @@ -35999,9 +54141,12 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.mobile home Living quarters mounted on wheels and capable of being towed by a motor vehicle. auto caravane - Wohnmobil - stacaravan casa mobile + stacaravan + Wohnmobil + + + @@ -36009,9 +54154,10 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.1) A representation, usually on a smaller scale, of a device, structure, etc. 2) A quantitative or mathematical representation or computer simulation which attempts to describe the characteristics or relationships of physical events. modèle - Modell - model modello + model + Modell + @@ -36021,9 +54167,10 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.modelling An investigative technique using a mathematical or physical representation of a system or theory that accounts for all or some its known properties. Models are often used to test the effect of changes of system components on the overall performance of the system. modélisation - Modellieren - modellering modellistica + modellering + Modellieren + @@ -36032,9 +54179,11 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.1) The water vapour content of the atmosphere, or the total water substances (gaseous, liquid and solid) present in a given volume of air. 2) Water that is dispersed through a gas in the form of water vapour or small droplets, dispersed through a solid, or condensed on the surface of a solid. humidité - Feuchtigkeit - vocht umidità + vocht + Feuchtigkeit + + @@ -36042,18 +54191,22 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.molecular biology The study of the chemical structures and processes of biological phenomena at the molecular level; the discipline is particularly concerned with the study of proteins, nucleic acids, and enzymes, the macromolecules essential to life processes. It seeks to understand the molecular basis of genetic processes. Techniques used include X-ray diffraction and electron microscopy. biologie moléculaire - Molekularbiologie - moleculaire biologie biologia molecolare + moleculaire biologie + Molekularbiologie + + + mollusc Any of various invertebrates having a soft unsegmented body and often a shell, secreted by a fold of skin. mollusque - Mollusken - weekdieren molluschi + weekdieren + Mollusken + @@ -36062,18 +54215,21 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.monetary assessment Financial determination, adjustment, estimation, or appraisal for purposes of levying a tax, charge or fine. évaluation monétaire - Monetäre Bewertung - monetaire waardebepaling valutazione monetaria + monetaire waardebepaling + Monetäre Bewertung + monitoring To check regularly in order to perceive change in some quality or quantity. surveillance - Monitoring - meting monitoraggio + meting + Monitoring + + @@ -36096,17 +54252,22 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. monitoring criterion critère de surveillance - Überwachungskriterium - metingscriterium criteri di monitoraggio + metingscriterium + Überwachungskriterium + + monitoring data données de mesure de surveillance - Meßdaten - het controleren van gegevens dati del monitoraggio + het controleren van gegevens + Meßdaten + + + @@ -36115,9 +54276,11 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.monitoring equipment Specific equipment used in remote sensing. appareil de surveillance - Meßgeräte - controle-apparatuur apparecchiatura per monitoraggio + controle-apparatuur + Meßgeräte + + @@ -36129,18 +54292,23 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.monitoring network Interconnected group of monitoring stations for the surveillance of pollution. réseau de mesure - Messstellennetz - meetnet(werk) rete di monitoraggio + meetnet(werk) + Messstellennetz + monitoring station Station where the presence, effect, or level of any polluting substance in air or water, noise and blasting, radiation, transport movements, land subsidence, or change in the character of vegetation are measured quantitatively or qualitatively. station de surveillance - Meßstelle - meetstation stazione di monitoraggio + meetstation + Meßstelle + + + + @@ -36148,18 +54316,20 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.monitoring system A coordinated body of sensory and communications devices that observes, detects or records the outputs or operations of any natural or artificial system in order to construct a history or future of events. système de surveillance - Überwachungssystem - meetsysteem sistema di monitoraggio + meetsysteem + Überwachungssystem + monitoring technique Techniques employed in the process of checking, observing and measuring events, processes or physical, chemical, biological and environmental phenomena. technique de surveillance - Meßtechnik - meettechniek tecnica di monitoraggio + meettechniek + Meßtechnik + @@ -36178,54 +54348,64 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.monopoly The market condition where a particular commodity or service has only one seller, either because the seller has exclusive possession of an essential input or because large economies of scale inhibit the entrance of a competitor into the market. monopole - Monopol - monopolie monopolio + monopolie + Monopol + monument An object, especially large and made of stone, built to remember and show respect to a person or group of people, or a special place made for this purpose. monument - Denkmal - monument monumento + monument + Denkmal + + moor A tract of unenclosed waste ground, usually covered with heather, coarse grass, bracken, and moss. tourbière - Moor - heide torbiera (area) + heide + Moor + moral persuasion Appealing to the ethical principles or beliefs of an adversary or the public to convince the adversary to change behavior or attitudes. persuasion morale - Moralische Überredung - morele overreding convinzione morale + morele overreding + Moralische Überredung + morphology The branch of biology concerned with the form and structure of organisms. morphologie - Morphologie - morfologie morfologia (biologica) + morfologie + Morphologie + + mortality The number of deaths occurring in a given population for a given period of time. mortalité - Sterblichkeit - sterfte mortalità + sterfte + Sterblichkeit + + + @@ -36233,18 +54413,23 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.moss Any plant of the class Bryophyta, occurring in nearly all damp habitats. mousse végétale - Moos - mos muschi + mos + Moos + architecture The art and science of designing and building structures, or large groups of structures, in keeping with aesthetic and functional criteria. architecture - Architektur - architectuur architettura + architectuur + Architektur + + + + @@ -36254,18 +54439,22 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. motorcycle vélomoteur - Kraftrad - motorfiets motocicletta + motorfiets + Kraftrad + motor fuel Any gaseous or liquid flammable fuel that burns in an internal combustion engine. carburant - Kraftstoff - motorbrandstof carburante + motorbrandstof + Kraftstoff + + + @@ -36280,9 +54469,12 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.motor vehicle A road vehicle driven by a motor or engine, especially an internal-combustion engine. véhicule à moteur - Kraftfahrzeug - motorvoertuig veicolo a motore + motorvoertuig + Kraftfahrzeug + + + @@ -36297,9 +54489,12 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.motor vehicle emission The formation and discharge of gaseous and particulate pollutants into the environment chiefly from car, truck and bus exhaust. émissions des véhicules à moteur - Kraftfahrzeugemission - motorvoertuigemissies emissioni di veicoli a motore + motorvoertuigemissies + Kraftfahrzeugemission + + + @@ -36309,9 +54504,12 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.motor vehicle exhaust gas Gases vented to the atmosphere by internal-combustion-engine driven vehicles. gaz d'échappement automobile - Kfz-Abgas - motorvoertuiguitlaatgassen gas di scarico dei veicoli a motore + motorvoertuiguitlaatgassen + Kfz-Abgas + + + @@ -36319,9 +54517,12 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. motor vehicle industry industrie de véhicules à moteur - Kfz-Industrie - motorvoertuigenindustrie industria dei veicoli a motore + motorvoertuigenindustrie + Kfz-Industrie + + + @@ -36329,27 +54530,34 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.motorway A wide road built for fast moving traffic travelling long distances, with a limited number of points at which drivers can enter and leave it. autoroute - Autobahn - autoweg autostrada + autoweg + Autobahn + + + acoustic filter A device employed to reject sound in a particular range of frequencies while passing sound in another range of frequencies. filtre acoustique - Akustischer Filter - geluidsfilter filtro acustico + geluidsfilter + Akustischer Filter + + mountain A feature of the earth's surface that rises high above the base and has generally steep slopes and a relatively small summit area. Mountains are an important source of water, energy, minerals, forest and agricultural products, and recreation. They are storehouses of biological diversity and endangered species and an essential part of the global ecosystem. About 10% of the world's population depend on mountain resources and nearly half of these people are affected by the degradation of mountain watershed areas. montagne - Berg - berg montagna + berg + Berg + + @@ -36359,26 +54567,31 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.mountain ecosystem Ecosystems found on high-mountains at low latitudes. Mountain ecosystems are very vulnerable. They are increasingly sensitive to soil erosion, landslide and rapid loss of habitat and genetic diversity. Widespread poverty and an increase in the numbers of mountain inhabitants lead to deforestation, cultivation of marginal lands, excessive livestock grazing, loss of biomass cover and other forms of environmental degradation. Because little is known about mountain ecosystems, Agenda 21 has proposed the establishment of a global mountain database. This is essential for the launch of programmes that would contribute to the sustainable development of mountain ecosystems. The proposals also focus on promoting watershed development and alternative employment for people whose livelihoods are linked to practices that degrade mountains. écosystème montagnard - Gebirgsökosystem - gebergte-ecosysteem ecosistema montano + gebergte-ecosysteem + Gebirgsökosystem + + mountaineering escalade - Bergsteigen - bergsport alpinismo + bergsport + Bergsteigen + mountainous area Area characterized by conspicuous peaks, ridges, or mountain ranges. zone de montagne - Bergland - berggebied area montuosa + berggebied + Bergland + + @@ -36390,17 +54603,21 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.mountain range A single, large mass consisting of a succession of mountains or narrowly spaced mountain ridges, with or without peaks, closely related in position, direction, formation, and age. massif montagneux - Gebirge - bergketen catena montuosa + bergketen + Gebirge + + Arctic ecosystem écosystème arctique - Ökosystem der Arktis - Arctisch ecosysteem ecosistema artico + Arctisch ecosysteem + Ökosystem der Arktis + + @@ -36408,54 +54625,64 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.mowing The cutting down of grass, crops or grain with a scythe or a mechanical device. fauchage - Mahd - maaien mietitura + maaien + Mahd + mud flat A relatively level area of fine silt along a shore (as in a sheltered estuary) or around an island, alternately covered and uncovered by the tide, or covered by shallow water. vasière - Schlickwatt - (slik)wad terreno inondabile dall'alta marea + (slik)wad + Schlickwatt + + mud (sediment) A mixture of clay and/or silt with water to form a plastic mass with a particle size preponderantly below 0.06 mm diameter. It is deposited in low-energy environments in lakes, estuaries and lagoons. It may also be deposited in deep-sea environments. vase - Schlamm (Sediment) - modder sedimento fangoso + modder + Schlamm (Sediment) + mulch A layer of organic material applied to the surface of the ground to retain moisture; mulching is the spreading of leaves, straw or other loose material on the ground to prevent erosion, evaporation or freezing of plant roots. mulch - Mulch - strooisellaag pacciame + strooisellaag + Mulch + + + + multilateral agreement Multilateralism stands for a long-held but rarely achieved ideal, namely the voluntary co-operation of nations for peace and development. Multilateral initiatives are undermined or diluted by ultra-nationalist, bilateral and regional initiatives. Multilateralism may be undercut by the uncoordinated decisions of those contributing to it. Multilateralism constitutes the democracy of international society. An enlightened multilateralism enhances the specific interests of states while advancing their common cause. accord multilatéral - Multilaterales Abkommen - multilaterale overeenkomst accordo multilaterale + multilaterale overeenkomst + Multilaterales Abkommen + Arctic Ocean The smallest and most poorly studied of the oceans on earth. It covers an area of 14 million square km that is divided by three submarine ridges, i.e. the Alpha Ridge, the Lomonosov Ridge, and an extension of the mid-Atlantic ridge. It is also nearly landlocked, covered year-round by pack ice, and the third of its area is continental shelf. océan arctique - Nordpolarmeer - Arctische Oceaan Oceano Artico + Arctische Oceaan + Nordpolarmeer + @@ -36463,9 +54690,11 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.multinational firm A large business company operating in several countries. firme multinationale - Multinationale Unternehmen - multinational impresa multinazionale + multinational + Multinationale Unternehmen + + @@ -36473,18 +54702,21 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.1) Coordinated management for the most judicious and harmonious use of the land on a long term basis under the concept of combining two or more uses and/or purposes with attention to sustainability and nonimpairment of the natural resources and land area. 2) Use of land for more than one purpose; e.g. grazing of livestock, watershed and wildlife protection, recreation, and timber production. zone d'aménagement concerté - Mehrfachnutzung bei Bewirtschaftung von Flächen - multifunctioneel beheergebied area gestita per uso multiplo + multifunctioneel beheergebied + Mehrfachnutzung bei Bewirtschaftung von Flächen + municipal cleansing The aggregation of services offered by a town or city in which streets and other public areas are kept clean, such as through trash pick-ups, street sweeping and decontamination of water, soil and other natural resources. nettoyage municipal - Stadtreinigung - gemeentelijke reiniging nettezza urbana + gemeentelijke reiniging + Stadtreinigung + + @@ -36494,18 +54726,22 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.municipal cleansing service Removal for treatment or disposal of those residues that can be regarded as waste including removal of litter from public places, public thoroughfares or the countryside. service municipal de nettoyage - Stadtreinigung - gemeentereinigingsdienst servizio di nettezza urbana + gemeentereinigingsdienst + Stadtreinigung + + + Arctic region The northernmost area of the earth, centered on the North Pole, that includes the Arctic Ocean, the northern reaches of Canada, Alaska, Russia, Norway and most of Greenland, Iceland and Svalbard. région arctique - Arktis - Arctisch gebied regione artica + Arctisch gebied + Arktis + @@ -36514,9 +54750,11 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.municipal environmental policy The guiding procedure, philosophy or course of action regarding the protection of natural resources in local settings, cities or towns. politique municipale de l'environnement - Kommunale Umweltpolitik - milieubeleid van de gemeente politica ambientale comunale + milieubeleid van de gemeente + Kommunale Umweltpolitik + + @@ -36524,36 +54762,41 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.municipality A town, city, or other district having powers of local self-government. commune - Gemeinde - gemeente comune + gemeente + Gemeinde + municipal law Broadly, a law or body of laws that pertains solely to the citizens and inhabitants of a state; narrowly, a law or body of laws pertaining to towns, cities, villages and their local governments. règlement municipal - Gemeinderecht - staatsrecht legislazione municipale + staatsrecht + Gemeinderecht + municipal level The jurisdiction, position or status of city, town or local government. niveau municipal - Kommunalebene - gemeenteniveau livello comunale + gemeenteniveau + Kommunalebene + municipal waste Municipal waste is mainly produced by households, though similar wastes from sources such as commerce, offices and public institutions are included. The amount of municipal waste generated consists of waste collected by or on behalf of municipal authorities and disposed of through the waste management system. déchet urbain - Siedlungsabfall - gemeentelijk afval rifiuto urbano + gemeentelijk afval + Siedlungsabfall + + @@ -36570,9 +54813,12 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.municipal water distribution system Any publicly or privately organized setup in which water is processed at a central plant and delivered to homes and businesses via water pipes. système municipal de distribution de l'eau - Siedlungswasserversorgungssystem - gemeentelijke watervoorziening sistema di distribuzione urbana dell'acqua + gemeentelijke watervoorziening + Siedlungswasserversorgungssystem + + + @@ -36580,9 +54826,11 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.1) The overall geographical distribution of a talon. 2) The range occupied by a community or other group. zone - Fläche - gebied areale di distribuzione + gebied + Fläche + + @@ -36590,27 +54838,35 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.municipal water management Municipal water management deals with aspects of water supply and water technology concerning planning, processing, building and producing. It also concerns the problems of waste water collection, sewage disposal, waste water treatment in rural areas, water economising measures, water body quality management. gestion des eaux urbaines - Siedlungswasserwirtschaft - gemeentelijk waterbeheer gestione dell'acqua municipale + gemeentelijk waterbeheer + Siedlungswasserwirtschaft + + + + muscular system The muscle cells, tissues, and organs that effect movement in all vertebrates. système musculaire - Muskelsystem - spierstelsel sistema muscolare + spierstelsel + Muskelsystem + + museum A place or building where objects of historical, artistic, or scientific interest are exhibited, preserved or studied. musée - Museum - museum museo + museum + Museum + + @@ -36618,27 +54874,32 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.mushroom A family of Basidiomycetes that are characterized by the production of spores on gills. champignon (comestible) - Großpilz - paddestoel fungo + paddestoel + Großpilz + music The artistic organization of sounds or tones that expresses ideas and emotions through the elements of rhythm, melody, harmony and tonal color. musique - Musik - muziek musica + muziek + Musik + + mussel farming Breeding of mussels for sale as food. mytiliculture - Muschelzucht - mosselteelt mitilicoltura + mosselteelt + Muschelzucht + + @@ -36646,18 +54907,21 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.mustelid A large, diverse family of low-slung, long-bodied carnivorous mammals including minks, weasels, and badgers; distinguished by having only one molar in each upper jaw, and two at the most in the lower jaw. mustélidés - Marder - marterachtigen mustelidi + marterachtigen + Marder + mutagenicity The property of chemical or physical agents of inducing changes in genetic material that are transmitted during cell division. mutagénicité - Mutagenität - mutageniteit mutagenicità + mutageniteit + Mutagenität + + @@ -36665,9 +54929,10 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.mutagenicity testing Testing the property of a substance of being able to induce genetic mutation. test de mutagénicité - Mutagenitätsprüfung - testen op mutageniteit test di mutagenicità + testen op mutageniteit + Mutagenitätsprüfung + @@ -36675,18 +54940,22 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.mutagen An agent that raises the frequency of mutation above the spontaneous rate. An agent that causes changes to plants and animals, particularly to their genetic material and especially at the time of reproduction. Certain chemicals and forms of radiation are powerful mutagens that damage the DNA, or genetic material in the centre of every cell of a living organism. substances mutagènes - Mutagener Stoff - mutagene stof agente mutageno + mutagene stof + Mutagener Stoff + + + mutant An individual bearing an allele that has undergone mutation and is expressed in the phenotype. mutant - Mutante - mutant mutante + mutant + Mutante + @@ -36694,9 +54963,13 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.mutated micro-organisms release The release of mutated micro-organisms creates the risk that they may exhibit some previously unknown pathogenicity, might take over from some naturally occurring bacteria (possibly having other positive functions which thus are lost) or pass on some unwanted trait to such indigenous bacteria. There is also concern that an uncontrolled genetic mutation could produce from such an engineered microorganism, a form with hazardous consequences for the environment. dissémination de micro-organismes mutés - Freisetzung von mutierten Mikroorganismen - afgifte gemuteerde micro-organismen rilascio di microorganismi mutati + afgifte gemuteerde micro-organismen + Freisetzung von mutierten Mikroorganismen + + + + @@ -36704,9 +54977,10 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.mutation A change in the chemical constitution of the DNA in the chromosomes of an organism: the changes are normally restricted to individual genes, but occasionally involve serious alteration to whole chromosomes. When a mutation occurs in gametes or gametocytes an inherited change may be produced in the characteristics of the organisms that develop from them. Mutation is one of the ways in which genetic variation is produced in organisms. A somatic mutation is one that occurs to a body cell, and is consequently past on to all the cells derived from it by mitosis. Natural mutations, at this stage of biological evolution, when they occur in the cells of higher animals, almost always produce deleterious characteristics. Both natural and artificial mutations can be brought about by ionizing radiation (hence the genetic and carcinogenic dangers of nuclear weapons) and by certain chemical substances called mutagens. mutation - Mutation - mutatie mutazione + mutatie + Mutation + @@ -36716,18 +54990,21 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.mycology The branch of botany concerned with the study of fungi. mycologie - Mykologie - mycologie micologia + mycologie + Mykologie + + mycorrhiza The symbiotic association of the root of a higher plant with a fungus. In an ectotrophic mycorrhiza (e.g., heath, pine trees) the fungal mycelium covers the outside of the roots; in an endotrophic mycorrhiza (e.g. orchids) the fungus grows inside the cells of the root cortex. mycorhize - Mykorrhiza - mycorrhiza micorriza + mycorrhiza + Mykorrhiza + @@ -36735,27 +55012,33 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.area of potential pollution Area which is supposedly causing dangers to human health and environment. zone de pollution potentielle - Verdachtsfläche - mogelijk vervuild gebied area di potenziale inquinamento + mogelijk vervuild gebied + Verdachtsfläche + + + + national conservation programme programme national de protection de l'environnement - Nationales Umweltschutzprogramm - binnenlands beheersprogramma programma nazionale di conservazione + binnenlands beheersprogramma + Nationales Umweltschutzprogramm + national economy A nation's financial resources and its financial management, with a view towards its productivity. économie nationale - Volkswirtschaft - nationaleeconomie economia nazionale + nationaleeconomie + Volkswirtschaft + @@ -36764,71 +55047,81 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.national environmental accounting The collection and processing of financial information regarding the costs for ecological challenges or opportunities for nations or countries. comptabilité environnementale nationale - Umweltökonomische Gesamtrechnung - nationale milieuboekhouding contabilità ambientale nazionale + nationale milieuboekhouding + Umweltökonomische Gesamtrechnung + cultural goods bien culturel - Kulturgut - culturelel goederen beni culturali + culturelel goederen + Kulturgut + nationalisation The transfer of ownership of a private business or other private property to a national government, either through uncompensated seizure (expropriation) or through forced sale at a government-determined price. nationalisation - Verstaatlichung - nationalisering nazionalizzazione + nationalisering + Verstaatlichung + + national legislation A binding rule or body of rules prescribed by the government of a sovereign state that holds force throughout the regions and territories within the government's dominion. législation nationale - Nationale Gesetzgebung - nationale wetgeving legislazione nazionale + nationale wetgeving + Nationale Gesetzgebung + national park Areas of outstanding natural beauty, set aside for the conservation of flora, fauna and scenery, and for recreation, if this does not conflict with the conservation objectives of the parks and their landscapes. Hunting, logging, mining, commercial fishing, agriculture and livestock grazing are all controlled within national parks, as is industrial activity. parc national - Nationalpark - nationaal park parco nazionale + nationaal park + Nationalpark + + national planning The step by step method and process of defining, developing and outlining various possible courses of actions to meet existing or future needs, goals and objectives for a country or a large body of people associated with a particular territory, often sharing similar ethnic backgrounds, customs and language. planification nationale - Landesplanung - nationale planning pianificazione nazionale + nationale planning + Landesplanung + national reserve réserve naturelle nationale - Naturschutzgebiet - nationaal reservaat riserve nazionali + nationaal reservaat + Naturschutzgebiet + natural area An area in which natural processes predominate, fluctuations in numbers of organisms are allowed free play and human intervention is minimal. espace naturel - Naturgebiet - natuurgebied area naturale + natuurgebied + Naturgebiet + @@ -36839,9 +55132,11 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.natural disaster Violent, sudden and destructive change in the environment without cause from human activity, due to phenomena such as floods, earthquakes, fire and hurricanes. catastrophe naturelle - Naturkatastrophe - natuurramp disastro naturale + natuurramp + Naturkatastrophe + + @@ -36851,18 +55146,21 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. natural drainage system système naturel de drainage - Natürliches Dränagesystem - natuurlijk afwateringssysteem sistema di drenaggio naturale + natuurlijk afwateringssysteem + Natürliches Dränagesystem + natural environment The complex of atmospheric, geological and biological characteristics found in an area in the absence of artifacts or influences of a well developed technological, human culture. milieu naturel - Natürliche Umwelt - natuurlijke omgeving ambiente naturale + natuurlijke omgeving + Natürliche Umwelt + + @@ -36874,9 +55172,11 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.acoustic insulation The process of preventing the transmission of sound by surrounding with a nonconducting material. isolation acoustique - Schallisolierung - geluidsisolatie isolamento acustico + geluidsisolatie + Schallisolierung + + @@ -36884,9 +55184,12 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.natural fertiliser Organic material added to the soil to supply chemical elements needed for plant nutrition. composts et engrais naturels - Naturdünger - natuurlijke meststof fertilizzante naturale + natuurlijke meststof + Naturdünger + + + @@ -36897,9 +55200,11 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.natural fibre A textile fiber of mineral, plant or animal origin. fibre naturelle - Naturfaser - natuurvezel fibra naturale + natuurvezel + Naturfaser + + @@ -36909,18 +55214,24 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.natural forest A forest area that has developed free from the influence of humans and remains largely unaffected by their activities. The natural forest may include, but is not necessarily equivalent to, an old-growth forest. forêt naturelle - Naturwald - natuurlijk bos foresta naturale + natuurlijk bos + Naturwald + + natural gas A natural fuel containing methane and hydrocarbons that occurs in certain geologic formations. gaz naturel - Erdgas - aardgas gas naturale + aardgas + Erdgas + + + + @@ -36930,18 +55241,24 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.natural gas exploration Underground prospection conducted with various methods to discover natural gas deposits which are usually found in the immediate vicinity of crude petroleum. exploration des ressources de gaz naturel - Erdgasexploration - aardgasexploratie prospezione di gas naturale + aardgasexploratie + Erdgasexploration + + + natural gas extraction The tapping of natural gas from wells located under the sea and in general from underground sources often in association with petroleum deposits; it is used as a fuel, having largely replaced coal-gas for this purpose, and as a source of intermediates for organic synthesis. extraction de gaz naturel - Erdgasförderung - aardgaswinning estrazione di gas naturale + aardgaswinning + Erdgasförderung + + + @@ -36950,18 +55267,22 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.natural hazard The probability of occurrence, within a specific period of time in a given area of a potentially damaging phenomenon of nature. risque naturel - Naturgefahr - natuurlijk gevaar pericoli naturali + natuurlijk gevaar + Naturgefahr + + natural heritage Generally, the world's natural resources as handed down to the present generation, and specifically, the earth's outstanding physical, biological and geological formations, and habitats of threatened species of animals and plants and areas with scientific, conservation or aesthetic value. patrimoine naturel - Naturerbe - natuurlijk erfgoed patrimonio naturale + natuurlijk erfgoed + Naturerbe + + @@ -36971,26 +55292,30 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.rights of nature A rule or body of rules that derives from nature and is believed to be binding upon human society, as opposed to human-made laws such as legislative acts and judicial decisions. loi sur la nature - Naturgesetz - wetgeving met betrekking tot de natuur diritti della natura + wetgeving met betrekking tot de natuur + Naturgesetz + arid land ecosystem The interacting system of a biological community and its non-living environmental surroundings in a climatic region where the annual precipitation averages less than 10 inches per year. écosystème des terres arides - Ökosystem eines Trockengebietes - ecosysteem van een onvruchtbaar gebied ecosistema dei territori aridi + ecosysteem van een onvruchtbaar gebied + Ökosystem eines Trockengebietes + + natural material matériaux naturels - Naturstoffe - natuurlijke materiaal materiale naturale + natuurlijke materiaal + Naturstoffe + @@ -37009,18 +55334,21 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.natural monument A natural/cultural feature which is of outstanding or unique value because of its inherent rarity, representative of aesthetic qualities or cultural significance. Guidance for selection of a natural monument is: a) The area should contain one or more features of outstanding significance (appropriate natural features include spectacular waterfalls, caves, craters, fossil beds, sand dunes and marine features, along with unique or representative fauna and flora; associated cultural features might include cave dwellings, cliff-top forts, archaeological sites, or natural sites which have heritage significance to indigenous peoples).; b) The area should be large enough to protect the integrity of the feature and its immediately related surroundings. monument naturel - Naturdenkmal - natuurmonument monumento naturale + natuurmonument + Naturdenkmal + natural park A designation of project lands which preserves natural resources for their scientific, scenic, cultural and/or educational value by limiting development and management practices. Land managed to protect rare and endangered species of flora and fauna will be designed as natural areas. parc naturel - Naturpark - natuurpark parco naturale + natuurpark + Naturpark + + @@ -37030,18 +55358,20 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.natural radioactivity Radiation stemming mainly from uranium, present in small amounts in many rocks, soils, building material, etc. radioactivité naturelle - Natürliche Radioaktivität - natuurlijke radioactiviteit radioattività naturale + natuurlijke radioactiviteit + Natürliche Radioaktivität + arid land Lands characterized by low annual rainfall of less than 250 mm, by evaporation exceeding precipitation and a sparse vegetation. terre aride - Trockengebiet - onvruchtbaar gebied territorio arido + onvruchtbaar gebied + Trockengebiet + @@ -37050,18 +55380,23 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.natural resource conservation The management of living and non-living resources in such a way as to sustain the maximum benefit for present and future generations. conservation des ressources naturelles - Rohstoffschutz - behoud van natuurlijke hulpbronnen conservazione delle risorse naturali + behoud van natuurlijke hulpbronnen + Rohstoffschutz + + + + natural resource A feature or component of the natural environment that is of value in serving human needs, e.g. soil, water, plantlife, wildlife, etc. Some natural resources have an economic value (e.g. timber) while others have a "noneconomic" value (e.g. scenic beauty). ressource naturelle - Natürliche Ressource - natuurlijke hulpbronnen risorse naturali + natuurlijke hulpbronnen + Natürliche Ressource + @@ -37077,18 +55412,20 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.natural scenery An area where human effects, if present, are not significant to the landscape as a whole. site naturel - Landschaftsbild - natuurlijk landschap paesaggio naturale + natuurlijk landschap + Landschaftsbild + natural science The branches of science dealing with objectively measurable phenomena pertaining to the transformation and relationships of energy and matter; includes biology, physics, and chemistry. sciences naturelles - Naturwissenschaft - natuurwetenschappen scienze naturali + natuurwetenschappen + Naturwissenschaft + @@ -37101,9 +55438,11 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.natural stone A gemstone that occurs in nature, as distinguished from a man-made substitute. pierre naturelle - Naturstein - natuursteen pietra naturale + natuursteen + Naturstein + + @@ -37114,26 +55453,33 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. natural value richesse naturelle - Eigenwert der Natur - natuurwaarde valore naturalistico + natuurwaarde + Eigenwert der Natur + + + nature conservation organisation organisation de protection de la nature - Naturschutzorganisation - organisatie voor natuurbehoud organizzazione per la conservazione della natura + organisatie voor natuurbehoud + Naturschutzorganisation + nature conservation Active management of the earth's natural resources and environment to ensure their quality is maintained and that they are wisely used. préservation de la nature - Naturschutz - natuurbehoud conservazione della natura + natuurbehoud + Naturschutz + + + @@ -37142,27 +55488,33 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.nature conservation legislation A binding rule or body of rules prescribed by a government to protect, preserve or renew an area's natural habitats or ecosystem. législation en matière de préservation de la nature - Naturschutzrecht - natuurbehoudswetgeving legislazione sulla conservazione della natura + natuurbehoudswetgeving + Naturschutzrecht + nature conservation programme An organized group of activities and procedures, often run by a government agency or a nonprofit organization, to preserve and protect elements of the natural world such as mountains, trees, animals or rivers. programme de protection de la nature - Naturschutzprogramm - natuurbehoudsprogramma programma di conservazione della natura + natuurbehoudsprogramma + Naturschutzprogramm + + nature protection Precautionary actions, procedures or installations undertaken to prevent or reduce harm to the elements of the material world that exist independently of human activity. protection de la nature - Naturschutz - natuurbescherming protezione della natura + natuurbescherming + Naturschutz + + + @@ -37172,9 +55524,11 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.nature reserve Areas allocated to preserve and protect certain animals and plants, or both. They differ from national park, which are largely a place for public recreation, because they are provided exclusively to protect species for their own sake. Endangered species are increasingly being kept in nature reserves to prevent them from extinction, particularly in India, Indonesia and some African countries. Natural reserves were used once to preserve the animals that landowners hunted, but, in the 19th century, they became places where animals were kept to prevent them from dying out. Special refuges and sanctuaries are also often designated to protect certain species or groups of wild animals or plants, especially if their numbers and distribution have been significantly reduced. They also serve as a place for more plentiful species to rest, breed or winter. Many parts of the world also have marine and aquatic reserves to protect different species of sea or freshwater plant and animal life. réserve naturelle - Naturschutzgebiet - natuurreservaat riserva naturale + natuurreservaat + Naturschutzgebiet + + @@ -37184,9 +55538,10 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. nausea nausée - Übelkeit - misselijkheid nausea + misselijkheid + Übelkeit + @@ -37194,9 +55549,12 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.navigational hazard Any obstacle encountered by a vessel in route posing risk or danger to the vessel, its contents or the environment. dangers de navigation - Navigationsgefahr - navigatiegevaar pericolo per la navigazione + navigatiegevaar + Navigationsgefahr + + + @@ -37204,36 +55562,43 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.necrosis The pathologic death of living tissue in a plant or animal. nécrose - Nekrose - afsterving necrosi + afsterving + Nekrose + need The fact or an instance of feeling the lack of something. besoin - Bedarf - behoefte necessità + behoefte + Bedarf + + neighbourhood improvement scheme plan d'amélioration du voisinage - Stadtteilentwicklungsprogramm - buurtverbeteringsplan programma di miglioramento di quartiere + buurtverbeteringsplan + Stadtteilentwicklungsprogramm + + + armament The weapons, ammunition and equipment, or the total force held by a military unit or state. armement - Bewaffnung - wapens armamento + wapens + Bewaffnung + @@ -37242,27 +55607,32 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.nematode A group of unsegmented worms which have been variously recognized as an order, class, and phylum. nématodes - Nematoden - aaltjes nematodi + aaltjes + Nematoden + nervous system A coordinating and integrating system which functions in the adaptation of an organism to its environment; in vertebrates, the system consists of the brain, brainstem, spinal cord, cranial and peripheral nerves, and ganglia. système nerveux - Nervensystem - zenuwstelsel sistema nervoso + zenuwstelsel + Nervensystem + + armament conversion Change in character, form or function of the arms and equipment with which a military unit is supplied. conversion de l'armement - Rüstungskonversion - wapenomschakeling conversione degli armamenti + wapenomschakeling + Rüstungskonversion + + @@ -37271,45 +55641,56 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.net resource depletion The total decrease in the amount of natural materials available for use by humans and other living beings. appauvrissement direct des ressources - Direkter Ressourcenabbau - netto grondstofvermindering riduzione netta delle risorse + netto grondstofvermindering + Direkter Ressourcenabbau + + netting policy (emissions trading) All emission sources in the same area that are owned or controlled by a single company are treated as one large source, thereby allowing flexibility in controlling individual sources in order to meet a single emissions standard. règle de compensation àl'intérieur d'un groupe (permis d'émissions) - Netting Policy - netting-beleid politica di rete (commercio delle emissioni industriali) + netting-beleid + Netting Policy + + + + neurotoxicity The occurrence of adverse effects on a nervous system following exposure to a chemical. neurotoxicité - Neurotoxizität - neurotoxiciteit neurotossicità + neurotoxiciteit + Neurotoxizität + + neutralisation To make a solution neutral by adding a base to an acidic solution, or an acid to a basic solution. neutralisation - Neutralisierung - neutraliseren neutralizzazione + neutraliseren + Neutralisierung + + armed forces The military units of a state, typically divided by their differing contexts of operations, such as the army, navy, air force and marines. forces armées - Militär - strijdkrachten forze armate + strijdkrachten + Militär + @@ -37319,45 +55700,52 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.new community A sociopolitical, religious, occupational or other group of common characteristics and interests formed as an alternative to social, and often residential, options currently available. nouvelle communauté - Neue Gemeinschaft - nieuwe gemeenschap nuova comunità + nieuwe gemeenschap + Neue Gemeinschaft + new installation A device, system, or piece of equipment that has been recently installed. nouvelle installation - Neuanlage - nieuwe installatie nuova installazione + nieuwe installatie + Neuanlage + + new material Novel high-performance materials obtained through the interdisciplinary research of chemistry, applied chemistry, chemical engineering, and mechanical engineering. matériau nouveau - Neuartige Materialien - nieuw materiaal materiale innovativo + nieuw materiaal + Neuartige Materialien + new technology Electronic instruments and devices which have recently been developed and are been introduced into industry. New technologies have been introduced often in almost total ignorance or disregard of the biological and ecological systems that they subsequently disturb, and of the dynamic and evolving nature of living systems. nouvelle technologie - Neue Technologie - nieuwe technologie nuove tecnologie + nieuwe technologie + Neue Technologie + + nickel A malleable ductile silvery-white metallic element that is strong and corrosion-resistant, occurring principally in pentlandite and niccolite: used in alloys, especially in toughening steel, in electroplating, and as a catalyst in organic synthesis. nickel - Nickel - nikkel nichel + nikkel + Nickel + @@ -37365,27 +55753,36 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.nitrate Any salt or ester of nitric acid, such as sodium nitrate. nitrate - Nitrat - nitraat nitrato + nitraat + Nitrat + + + + nitrification The process by which ammonia compounds, including man-made fertilizer and the humus provided by organic matter or plant and animal origin, are converted into nitrites and then nitrates, which are then absorbed as a nutrient by crops. Excess nitrate can be leached into surface waters and groundwaters, causing pollution. Excess nitrate may also be converted by microbes back into gaseous nitrogen, which is an important greenhouse gas, and released back into the atmosphere. The ultimate source of nitrogen in the ecosystem is the molecular nitrogen in the atmosphere. To a very limited extent, some dissolves in water. However, none is found in rock. nitrification - Nitrifikation - nitrificatie nitrificazione + nitrificatie + Nitrifikation + + + + aromatic compound Compounds characterized by the presence of at least one benzene ring. composé aromatique - Verbindung (aromatisch) - aromatische verbindingen composto aromatico + aromatische verbindingen + Verbindung (aromatisch) + @@ -37393,18 +55790,20 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.nitrite A salt or ester of nitric acid, included in compounds such as potassium nitrite, sodium nitrite and butyl nitrite. nitrite - Nitrit - nitrieten nitrito + nitrieten + Nitrit + nitro compound Any one of a class of usually organic compounds that contain the monovalent group, -NO2 (nitro group or radical) linked to a carbon atom. composé nitré - Stickstoffverbindung - stikstofverbinding nitrocomposti + stikstofverbinding + Stickstoffverbindung + @@ -37412,9 +55811,11 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.nitrogen An essential nutrient in the food supply of plants and the diets of animals. Animals obtain it in nitrogen-containing compounds, particularly amino acids. Although the atmosphere is nearly 80% gaseous nitrogen, very few organisms have the ability to use it in this form. The higher plants normally obtain it from the soil after micro-organisms have converted the nitrogen into ammonia or nitrates, which they can then absorb. azote - Stickstoff - stikstof azoto + stikstof + Stickstoff + + @@ -37425,27 +55826,34 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.nitrogen cycle The complex set of processes by which crops acquire the large amount of nitrogen they need to make proteins, nucleic acids and other biochemicals of which they are composed, and how the nitrogen returns to the atmosphere. cycle de l'azote - Stickstoffkreislauf - stikstofkringloop ciclo dell'azoto + stikstofkringloop + Stickstoffkreislauf + nitrogen dioxide A reddish-brown gas; it exists in varying degrees of concentration in equilibrium with other nitrogen oxides; used to produce nitric acid. dioxyde d'azote - Stickstoffdioxid - stikstofdioxide diossido di azoto + stikstofdioxide + Stickstoffdioxid + + nitrogen fixation Assimilation of atmospheric nitrogen by a variety of microorganisms which live freely in soil. Once the nitrogen has been captured by one of the microorganisms, there are many different routes by which it is handled. Some is retained in the soil as decomposing plant matter, waiting to be released and taken up by new crops as a nitrate. That nitrate is produced by nitrifying bacteria living in the soil that thrive on ammonia, which is produced by decaying plant and animal material. In processing nitrogen the nitrifying bacteria produce nitrate that can be absorbed by the roots of plants. fixation de l'azote - Stickstoffixierung - stikstofbinding fissazione dell'azoto + stikstofbinding + Stickstoffixierung + + + + @@ -37453,18 +55861,22 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.nitrogen monoxide A colourless gas, soluble in water, ethanol and ether. It is formed in many reactions involving the reduction of nitric acid, but more convenient reactions for the preparation of reasonably pure NO are reactions of sodium nitrite, sulphuric acid, etc. monoxyde d'azote - Stickstoffmonoxid - stikstofmonoxide monossido di azoto + stikstofmonoxide + Stickstoffmonoxid + + nitrogen oxides Oxides formed and released in all common types of combustion; they are formed by the oxidation of atmospheric nitrogen at high temperatures. Introduced into the atmosphere from car exhausts, furnace stacks, incinerators, power stations and similar sources, the oxides include nitrous oxide, nitric oxide, nitrogen dioxide, nitrogen pentoxide and nitric acid. The oxides of nitrogen undergo many reactions in the atmosphere to form photochemical smog. oxydes d'azote - Stickstoffoxide - stikstofoxiden ossidi di azoto + stikstofoxiden + Stickstoffoxide + + @@ -37475,18 +55887,20 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.nitrosamine Any one of a class of neutral, usually yellow oily compounds containing the divalent group = NNO. nitrosamine - Nitrosamin - nitrosamine nitrosammine + nitrosamine + Nitrosamin + aromatic hydrocarbon Hydrocarbons having an unsaturated ring containing alternating double and single bonds, especially containing a benzene ring. hydrocarbure aromatique - aromatischer Kohlenwasserstoff - aromatische koolwaterstoffen idrocarburi aromatici + aromatische koolwaterstoffen + aromatischer Kohlenwasserstoff + @@ -37494,9 +55908,14 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.NOEL Acronym for No Observed Effects Level. dose maximale admissible - NOEL - NOEL NOEL + NOEL + NOEL + + + + + @@ -37505,9 +55924,10 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.noise Sound which is unwanted, either because of its effects on humans, its effect on fatigue or malfunction of physical equipment, or its interference with the perception or detection of other sounds. bruit - Lärm - geluid rumore + geluid + Lärm + @@ -37519,9 +55939,11 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.noise abatement Measures to reduce noise at the source, to encourage quieter technologies or equipment or to prevent or reduce the propagation of sound. Measures may include the isolation and damping of vibration sources; the replacement of components with quieter parts and material; the enclosure of particularly noisy components; the provision of noise barriers, etc. diminution du bruit - Lärmbekämpfung - vermindering van geluidshinder abbattimento del rumore + vermindering van geluidshinder + Lärmbekämpfung + + @@ -37529,9 +55951,10 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.noise analysis Determination of the frequency components that make up a particular noise being studied. analyse de bruit - Geräuschanalyse - geluidsanalyse analisi del rumore + geluidsanalyse + Geräuschanalyse + @@ -37540,18 +55963,22 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.noise barrier Barriers for reducing the propagation of sound: they are widely used in industry and alongside roads and railways to shield receivers from noise sources. Barriers will not reduce the noise on the receivers side, but will increase it, unless the barrier is also covered in absorbing material. écran antibruit - Lärmschutzwall - geluidsafscherming barriera antirumore + geluidsafscherming + Lärmschutzwall + + noise control The process to control the audible sound to an acceptable level. lutte contre le bruit - Lärmbekämpfung - geluidsbeperking controllo del rumore + geluidsbeperking + Lärmbekämpfung + + @@ -37560,18 +55987,22 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.noise disturbance Noise interferes with communication and interferes with thought processes. Noise interferes with sleep, it causes anger and frustration, and has been implicated as a contributor to various psychological and physiological problems. Noise detracts from the quality of life and the environment. nuisance sonore - Lärmbelästigung - geluidshinder disturbo da rumore + geluidshinder + Lärmbelästigung + + noise emission The release of noise into the environment from various sources that can be grouped in: transportation activities, industrial activities and daily normal activities. émission du bruit - Geräuschemission - geluidsemissie emissione di rumore + geluidsemissie + Geräuschemission + + @@ -37579,27 +56010,33 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.noise emission levy A mandatory sum of money levied by government upon producers of disturbing, harmful or unwanted sounds, frequently in the transportation or construction industries, to encourage reduction of sound levels. taxe sur le bruit - Lärmabgabe - heffing op geluidsemissie imposta sulle emissioni di rumore + heffing op geluidsemissie + Lärmabgabe + + noise-free technology Sound is radiated both as air-borne and as structure-borne; most sources produce both, thus various noise attenuation principles must be employed. Measures include: the replacement of components with quieter parts and material; the enclosure of particularly noisy components; the selection of quieter types of fan; the replacement of noisy compressed-air nozzles with quieter types; the choice of quieter transmission and cooling systems. technologie silencieuse - Lärmarme Technik - stille technologie tecnologia silenziosa + stille technologie + Lärmarme Technik + + aromatic substance Substance having a distinctive, usually fragrant smell. substance aromatique - Geruchsstoff - geurstof sostanza aromatica + geurstof + Geruchsstoff + + @@ -37607,9 +56044,12 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.noise immission Immission in the environment of acoustic vibrations that negatively affect human beings, animals, plants or other objects. impact du bruit - Lärmimmission - geluidsimmissie immissione di rumore + geluidsimmissie + Lärmimmission + + + @@ -37618,9 +56058,11 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.noise legislation Legislation introduced by many governments to prevent or restrict the emission of noise from industrial, commercial and domestic premises; from motor vehicles and aircraft; and from consumer appliances and equipment. législation en matière de bruit - Lärmrecht - geluidswetgeving legislazione sul rumore + geluidswetgeving + Lärmrecht + + @@ -37628,9 +56070,10 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.noise level Physical quantity of unwanted sound measured, usually expressed in decibels. niveau sonore - Lärmpegel - geluidsniveau livello del rumore + geluidsniveau + Lärmpegel + @@ -37640,9 +56083,10 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.noise measurement The process of quantitatively determining one or more properties of acoustic noise. mesure du bruit - Lärmmessung - geluidsmeting misura del rumore + geluidsmeting + Lärmmessung + @@ -37650,9 +56094,10 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.noise monitoring The systematic deployment of monitoring equipment for the purpose of detecting or measuring quantitatively or qualitatively the presence, effect, or level of noise. suveillance du bruit - Lärmüberwachung - geluidsmeting monitoraggio del rumore + geluidsmeting + Lärmüberwachung + @@ -37660,9 +56105,11 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.noise pollutant Noise in the environment which can be harmful to human beings, animals and plants. polluant sonore - Lärmbelastung - storend geluid inquinante acustico + storend geluid + Lärmbelastung + + @@ -37671,9 +56118,11 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.noise pollution Harmful or unwanted sounds in the environment, which in specific locals, can be measured and averaged over a period of time. pollution sonore de l'environnement - Lärmbelästigung - geluidshinder inquinamento acustico + geluidshinder + Lärmbelästigung + + @@ -37686,9 +56135,11 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.noise protection Adoption of measures for controlling noise pollution, such as restriction of the emission of noise from industrial, commercial and domestic premises, from motor vehicles and aircrafts, the provision of noise barriers and buffer zones, the fitting of sound attenuation equipment, etc. protection contre le bruit - Lärmschutz - bescherming tegen lawaaihinder protezione dal rumore + bescherming tegen lawaaihinder + Lärmschutz + + @@ -37698,9 +56149,12 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.noise reduction The reduction in the sound pressure level of a noise, or the attenuation of unwanted sound by any means. réduction du bruit - Lärmminderung - lawaaibeperking riduzione del rumore + lawaaibeperking + Lärmminderung + + + @@ -37712,9 +56166,10 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. noise type type de bruit - Geräuschtyp - soort geluid tipi di rumore + soort geluid + Geräuschtyp + @@ -37729,9 +56184,11 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.arrangement for a deposit on packaging Agreement to provide refunds or payments in exchange for used bottles or packaging materials. mesure en faveur d'une consigne sur les emballages - Pfandregelung - statiegeldregeling voor verpakking accordo sulla cauzione + statiegeldregeling voor verpakking + Pfandregelung + + @@ -37739,27 +56196,31 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.1) A member of a people or tribe who move from place to place to find pasture and food. 2) Nomads include gypsies, desert tribes such as the Bedouin and the many primitive tribes in the Americas, Asia and Australia. Herding survives as a way of life around the Sahara, in the Middle East, in Asia as far east as western India, and in the Asian parts of the USSR. The end of pastoral nomadism would be regrettable not merely on account of the independence and distinctiveness of this way of life but because this type of economy may be a more rational means of raising large numbers of animals under arid conditions than is capital-intensive ranching. nomade - Nomade - nomade nomade + nomade + Nomade + nomenclature A system of names or terms, particularly those related to a specific area of science or art, or the assignment of names to things. nomenclature - Nomenklatur - nomenclatuur nomenclatura + nomenclatuur + Nomenklatur + non-biodegradable pollutant An organic compound, usually synthetic, that is not decomposed or mineralized by microorganisms or other biological processes. polluant non biodégradable - Biologisch nicht abbaubarer Schadstoff - niet biologisch afbreekbare verontreinigende stof inquinante non biodegradabile + niet biologisch afbreekbare verontreinigende stof + Biologisch nicht abbaubarer Schadstoff + + @@ -37767,9 +56228,12 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.non-built-up area Areas which are not intensely developed for housing, commerce, industry, etc. zone peu construite - Nicht bebaute Fläche - onbebouwd gebied zona non edificata + onbebouwd gebied + Nicht bebaute Fläche + + + @@ -37782,9 +56246,10 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.non-conventional energy Energy that is renewable and ecologically safe, such as tidal power, wind power, etc. énergie non-conventionnelle - Nicht konventionelle Energie - niet-conventionele energie energia non convenzionale + niet-conventionele energie + Nicht konventionelle Energie + @@ -37799,27 +56264,31 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.non-ferrous metal industry Industry that deals with the processing of metals other than iron and iron-base alloys. industrie des métaux non ferreux - NE-Metallindustrie - non-ferro metaalnijverheid industria dei metalli non ferrosi + non-ferro metaalnijverheid + NE-Metallindustrie + + arsenic A toxic metalloid element, existing in several allotropic forms, that occurs principally in realgar and orpiment and as the free element. It is used in transistors, lead-based alloys, and high temperature brasses. arsenic - Arsen - arseen arsenico + arseen + Arsen + non-ferrous metal Any metal other than iron and its alloys. métal non ferreux - NE-Metall - non-ferro metalen metallo non ferroso + non-ferro metalen + NE-Metall + @@ -37827,9 +56296,10 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.non-governmental organisation Private, voluntary, non-profit organisations, acting as pressure groups. Throughout the world there are more than 5.000 international NGOs which are concerned with the environment and development, with millions of supporters. organisation non gouvernementale - Nichtregierungsorganisation - niet-gouvernementele organisatie organizzazione non governativa + niet-gouvernementele organisatie + Nichtregierungsorganisation + @@ -37837,9 +56307,10 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.non-ionising radiation Radiation that does not change the structure of atoms but does heat tissue and may cause harmful biological effects. rayonnement non-ionisant - Nichtionisierende Strahlung - niet-ioniserende straling radiazione non ionizzante + niet-ioniserende straling + Nichtionisierende Strahlung + @@ -37850,9 +56321,13 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.non-metallic mineral Minerals containing non-metals, such as quartz, garnet, etc. minéral non métallique - Nichtmetallisches Mineral - niet-metallisch mineraal minerale non metallico + niet-metallisch mineraal + Nichtmetallisches Mineral + + + + @@ -37861,45 +56336,55 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.non-metal A nonmetallic element, such as arsenic or silicon, that has some of the properties of a metal. métalloïde - Nichtmetall - niet-metalen non metallo + niet-metalen + Nichtmetall + non-polluting energy source Energy that is ecologically safe and renewable. The most widely used source is hydroelectric power, which currently supplies some 6.6% of the world's energy needs. Other non-polluting sources are solar energy, tidal energy, wave energy and wind energy. Most non-polluting energy sources require a high capital investment but have low running costs. source d'énergie non polluante - Umweltfreundliche Energiequelle - niet-vervuilende energiebron fonte di energia non inquinante + niet-vervuilende energiebron + Umweltfreundliche Energiequelle + + non-polluting fuel Clean fuel that does not release polluting emissions in the environment, such as methane. carburant non polluant - Umweltfreundlicher Brennstoff - niet-vervuilende brandstof combustibile non inquinante + niet-vervuilende brandstof + Umweltfreundlicher Brennstoff + + + + art The creation of works of beauty or other special significance. art - Kunst - kunst arte + kunst + Kunst + non-renewable energy resource Non-renewable resources have been built up or evolved over a geological time-span and cannot be used without depleting the stock and raising questions of ultimate exhaustibility, since their rate of formation is so slow as to be meaningless in terms of the human life-span. source d'énergie non renouvelable - Nicht erneuerbare Energieressourcen - niet-hernieuwbare energiebronnen risorse energetiche non rinnovabili + niet-hernieuwbare energiebronnen + Nicht erneuerbare Energieressourcen + + @@ -37908,9 +56393,11 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.non-renewable resource A natural resource which, in terms of human time scales, is contained within the Earth in a fixed quantity and therefore can be used once only in the foreseeable future (although it may be recycled after its first use). This includes the fossil fuels and is extended to include mineral resources and sometimes ground water, although water and many minerals are renewed eventually. ressource non renouvelable - Nichterneuerbare Ressourcen - niet-hernieuwbare hulpbronnen risorse non rinnovabili + niet-hernieuwbare hulpbronnen + Nichterneuerbare Ressourcen + + @@ -37919,9 +56406,11 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.non-residential building Area which provides commercial, industrial, and public facilities. bâtiment non résidentiel - Nichtwohngebäude - utiliteitsbouw edilizia non residenziale + utiliteitsbouw + Nichtwohngebäude + + @@ -37932,9 +56421,13 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.non-returnable container Any container for which no specific provisions for its return from the consumer or final use has been established. récipient à usage unique - Einwegverpackung - houder zonder statiegeld contenitore monouso + houder zonder statiegeld + Einwegverpackung + + + + @@ -37942,54 +56435,60 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.non-target organism A plant or animal other than the one against which the pesticide is applied. organisme non cible - Nicht-Zielorganismen - organisme waarvoor bestrijdingsmiddelen niet bedoeld zijn organismo non-bersaglio + organisme waarvoor bestrijdingsmiddelen niet bedoeld zijn + Nicht-Zielorganismen + norm An established standard, guide, or regulation. A principle or regulation set up by authority, prescribing or directing action or forbearance; as the rules of a legislative body, of a company, court, public office, of the law, of ethics. norme - Norm - norm norma + norm + Norm + normalisation normalisation - Normalisierung - normalisatie normazione + normalisatie + Normalisierung + North Africa A geographic region of the African continent south of Europe and the Mediterranean Sea, and north of Africa's tropical rain forest, including Morocco, Algeria, Tunisia, Libya and the Egyptian region west of the Suez Canal, and also the Sahara Desert and Atlas Mountains. Afrique du Nord - Nordafrika - Noord-Afrika Africa del Nord + Noord-Afrika + Nordafrika + North America A continent in the northern half of the western hemisphere, bounded by the Arctic Ocean in the north, by the Pacific Ocean and the Bering Sea in the west, and by the Atlantic Ocean and the Gulf of Mexico in the east, connected to South America by the Isthmus of Panama, and including the United States, Canada, Mexico and several small island nations. Amérique du Nord - Nordamerika - Noord-Amerika America del Nord + Noord-Amerika + Nordamerika + North Atlantic Ocean The northern part of the Atlantic Ocean, extending northward from the equator to the Arctic Ocean. océan atlantique nord - Nordatlantischer Ozean - Noordatlantische Oceaan Oceano nord Atlantico + Noordatlantische Oceaan + Nordatlantischer Ozean + @@ -37997,18 +56496,20 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.North Pacific Ocean An ocean north of the equator between the eastern coast of Asia and the western coasts of the Americas, extending northward to the arctic region, with principal arms including the Gulf of Alaska, the Sea of Okhotsk, the Sea of Japan and the Bering, Yellow, East China, South China and Philippine seas, and islands including the Aleutian, Midway, Marshall and Hawaiian islands, the Japanese island arc and the Malay Archipelago. océan pacifique nord - Nordpazifik - Noordelijke Stille Oceaan Oceano nord Pacifico + Noordelijke Stille Oceaan + Nordpazifik + acoustic level Physical quantity of sound measured, usually expressed in decibels. niveau acoustique - Geräuschpegel - geluidsniveau livello acustico + geluidsniveau + Geräuschpegel + @@ -38021,18 +56522,22 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.novel food Genetically engineered foods. Novel foods, including those altered using biotechnology, should not differ 'significantly' from the foods they are to replace. Labels should not be misleading, but must make clear any differences between the novel food and its 'conventional' alternative, and must say how that difference was achieved. Foods containing a genetically modified living organism, such as a live yogurt made with an altered culture, would always be labelled. Any food whose modification might raise moral or health worries to consumers would also have to carry a label. This would include genes from an animal considered unclean by some religions, or from a plant that might cause allergic reactions. However, foods which, although made using novel methods, are identical to conventional foods, would not have to be labelled. aliment nouveau - Novel Food - nieuw voedingsmiddel alimento modificato geneticamente + nieuw voedingsmiddel + Novel Food + + nuclear accident An event occurring in a nuclear power plant or anywhere that radioactive materials are used, stored, or transported and involving the release of potentially dangerous levels of radioactive materials into the environment. accident nucléaire - Kerntechnischer Unfall - kernongeval incidente nucleare + kernongeval + Kerntechnischer Unfall + + @@ -38043,9 +56548,10 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.arthropod The largest phylum in the animal kingdom; adults typically have segmented body, a sclerotized integument, and many-jointed segmental limbs. arthropodes - Arthropoden - geleedpotigen artropodi + geleedpotigen + Arthropoden + @@ -38055,36 +56561,45 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.nuclear energy Energy released by nuclear fission or nuclear fusion. énergie nucléaire - Kernenergie - kernenergie energia nucleare + kernenergie + Kernenergie + + nuclear energy legislation législation en matière d'énergie nucléaire - Kernenergierecht - wetgeving inzake kernenergie legislazione sull'energia nucleare + wetgeving inzake kernenergie + Kernenergierecht + + + nuclear energy use Nuclear energy is employed in the industrial sector, in the production of other energy types, in the medical and scientific research field, in transportation, in the production of nuclear weapons, etc. usage de l'énergie nucléaire - Kernenergienutzung - kernenergiegebruik uso dell'energia nucleare + kernenergiegebruik + Kernenergienutzung + + nuclear explosion (accident) An unintentional release of energy from a rapid reaction of atomic nuclei yielding high temperatures and radiation potentially harmful to human health and the environment. explosion nucléaire (accident) - Kernexplosion (Unfall) - kernontploffing (ongeval) esplosione nucleare (incidente) + kernontploffing (ongeval) + Kernexplosion (Unfall) + + @@ -38092,9 +56607,10 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.Articulata Animals characterized by the repetition of similar segments (metameres), exhibited especially by arthropods, annelids, and vertebrates in early embryonic stages and in certain specialized adult structures. articulata - Gliedertier - Articulata articolati + Articulata + Gliedertier + @@ -38103,27 +56619,35 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.nuclear facility A place, including buildings, where all the activities relating to nuclear research are performed. installation nucléaire - Kerntechnische Anlage - nucleaire installatie struttura nucleare + nucleaire installatie + Kerntechnische Anlage + + + nuclear fission The division of an atomic nucleus into parts of comparable mass; usually restricted to heavier nuclei such as isotopes of uranium, plutonium, and thorium. fission nucléaire - Kernspaltung - kernsplitsing fissione nucleare + kernsplitsing + Kernspaltung + + nuclear fuel Nuclear fuels are obtained from inorganic minerals extracted by mining. Although they are at least partially consumed when used in nuclear reactors for the production of heat, they differ from fossil fuels in the way they release energy. Burning of fossil fuels, such as coal, oil and gas, is a chemical reaction. Nuclear fuels, such as uranium, are destroyed by a process of spontaneous disintegration, called fission, and prompted by natural radioactivity. If the process is left to occur naturally in uranium-bearing rock, the rate of change is imperceptibly small. In a man-made nuclear reactor the energy-releasing processes of disintegration, which in the natural state happen slowly over thousands of millions of years, are compressed into minutes. The release of energy is harnessed to generate steam which drives electricity generators. combustible nucléaire - Kernbrennstoff - kernbrandstof combustibile nucleare + kernbrandstof + Kernbrennstoff + + + @@ -38133,27 +56657,36 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.nuclear fuel element A piece of nuclear fuel which has been formed and coated, and is ready to be placed in a reactor fuel assembly. élément de combustible nucléaire - Brennelement - splijtstofelement barre di combustibile nucleare + splijtstofelement + Brennelement + + + + nuclear fusion Combination of two light nuclei to form a heavier nucleus with release of some binding energy. fusion nucléaire - Kernfusion - kernfusie fusione nucleare + kernfusie + Kernfusion + + nuclear physics The study of the characteristics, behaviour and internal structures of the atomic nucleus. physique nucléaire - Kernphysik - kernfysica fisica nucleare + kernfysica + Kernphysik + + + @@ -38161,36 +56694,50 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.nuclear debate The ongoing, public discussion and dispute over the uses of energy. débat sur le nucléaire - Atomdebatte - overleg over kernenergie dibattito sul nucleare + overleg over kernenergie + Atomdebatte + + + + nuclear power plant A power plant in which nuclear energy is converted into heat for use in producing steam for turbines, which in turn drive generators that produce electric power. centrale nucléaire - Kernkraftwerk - kerncentrale centrale nucleare + kerncentrale + Kernkraftwerk + + + + nuclear power plant disposal démantèlement de centrale nucléaire - Kernkraftwerksentsorgung - opbergen kernafval smantellamento di una centrale nucleare + opbergen kernafval + Kernkraftwerksentsorgung + + + + nuclear reaction A reaction involving a change in an atomic nucleus, such as fission, fusion, neutron capture, or radioactive decay, as distinct from a chemical reaction, which is limited to changes in the electron structure surrounding the nucleus. réaction nucléaire - Kernreaktion - kernreactie reazione nucleare + kernreactie + Kernreaktion + + @@ -38202,9 +56749,13 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.nuclear reactor Device which creates heat and energy by starting and controlling atomic fission. réacteur nucléaire - Kernreaktor - kernreactor reattore nucleare + kernreactor + Kernreaktor + + + + @@ -38215,18 +56766,24 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.nuclear research centre A facility in which scientists and other researchers study the behavior and characteristics of atomic nuclei through testing and other forms of experimentation, often to invent new technology with scientific, medical and industrial purposes. centre de recherche nucléaire - Kernforschungszentrum - nucleair onderzoekscentrum centro di ricerca nucleare + nucleair onderzoekscentrum + Kernforschungszentrum + + + nuclear safety Measures and techniques implemented to reduce the possibility of incidence and the potential harm posed by radioactive substances used as an energy source, a test material or in weaponry. sécurité nucléaire - Nukleare Sicherheit - nucleaire veiligheid sicurezza nucleare + nucleaire veiligheid + Nukleare Sicherheit + + + @@ -38234,27 +56791,36 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.nuclear test Test performed to evaluate nuclear weapons. essai nucléaire - Kernwaffenversuch - kernproef test nucleare + kernproef + Kernwaffenversuch + + + + nuclear weapon Any bomb, warhead, or projectile using active nuclear material to cause a chain reaction upon detonation. arme nucléaire - Kernwaffen - kernwapen arma nucleare + kernwapen + Kernwaffen + + + nucleic acid Any of several organic acids combined with proteins (DNA or RNA) which exist in the nucleus and protoplasm of all cells. acide nucléïque - Nukleinsäure - nucleïnezuur acidi nucleici + nucleïnezuur + Nukleinsäure + + @@ -38262,27 +56828,31 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.nuisance Anything that affects or prejudices health. nuisance - Belästigung - hinder disturbo + hinder + Belästigung + nursery (plant breeding) Place where plants are grown until they are large enough to be planted in their final positions. pépinière - Pflanzenzuchtbetrieb - (planten)kwekerij coltura in vivaio + (planten)kwekerij + Pflanzenzuchtbetrieb + nutrient medium A medium providing or contributing to nourishment. milieu de culture (microbiologie) - Nährmedium - voedingsbodem mezzo nutritivo + voedingsbodem + Nährmedium + + @@ -38291,54 +56861,64 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.nutrient balance Condition in which there is equilibrium between intake and excretion of nutrients. bilan nutritif - Nährstoffhaushalt - voedingsbalans bilancio dei nutrienti + voedingsbalans + Nährstoffhaushalt + nutrient content The amount of proteins, carbohydrates, fats, inorganic salts (e.g. nitrates, phosphates), minerals (e.g. calcium, iron), and water. teneur en nutriments - Nährstoffgehalt - voedingswaarde contenuto in nutrienti + voedingswaarde + Nährstoffgehalt + + + + nutrient cycle A biogeochemical cycle, in which inorganic nutrients move through the soil, living organisms, air and water or through some of these. cycle des substances nutritives - Nährstoffzyklus - nutriëntenkringloop ciclo dei nutrienti + nutriëntenkringloop + Nährstoffzyklus + nutrient removal Elimination of nutrients as, for example, from sewage in order to prevent eutrophication of water in reservoirs. extraction des nutriments - Nährstoffelimination - onttrekking van voedingsstoffen rimozione dei nutrienti + onttrekking van voedingsstoffen + Nährstoffelimination + + nutrient Chemical elements which are involved in the construction of living tissue and which are needed by both plant and animal. The most important in terms of bulk are carbon, hydrogen and oxygen, with other essential ones including nitrogen, potassium, calcium, sulphur and phosphorus. nutriment - Nährstoff - nutriënt nutriente + nutriënt + Nährstoff + nutrition A process in animals and plants involving the intake of nutrient materials and their subsequent assimilation into the tissues. nutrition - Ernährung - voeding nutrizione (alimentazione) + voeding + Ernährung + @@ -38350,53 +56930,63 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.nutritive value of food The measure of the quantity or availability of nutrients found in materials ingested and utilized by humans or animals as a source of nutrition and energy. valeur nutritive - Nährwert - voedingswaarde van voedsel valore nutritivo degli alimenti + voedingswaarde van voedsel + Nährwert + oak Any tree of the genus Quercus in the order Fagales, characterized by simple, usually lobed leaves, scaly winter buds, a star-shaped pith, and its fruit, the acorn, which is a nut; the wood is tough, hard, and durable, generally having a distinct pattern. chêne - Eiche - eiken(bomen) quercia + eiken(bomen) + Eiche + + objection The act of a party who objects to some matter or proceeding in the course of a trial or an argument or reason urged by him in support of his contention that the matter or proceeding objected to is improper or illegal. objection - Einwendung - bezwaar obiezione + bezwaar + Einwendung + obligation to inform obligation d'information - Informationspflicht - inlichtingsplicht obbligo di informazione + inlichtingsplicht + Informationspflicht + + obligation to label The legal responsibility or duty compelling manufacturers to affix certain marks or other written identification to their products, as is directed by laws, regulations or government standards. obligation d'étiquetage - Kennzeichnungspflicht - etiketteringsplicht obbligo di etichettatura + etiketteringsplicht + Kennzeichnungspflicht + + occupational disease A functional or organic disease caused by factors arising from the operations or materials of an individual's industry, trade, or occupation. maladie professionnelle - Berufskrankheit - beroepsziekte malattia professionale + beroepsziekte + Berufskrankheit + + @@ -38405,27 +56995,33 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.occupational group A collection of people who earn their living by similar or identical means of work. association professionnelle - Berufsgruppe - beroepsgroep categoria professionale + beroepsgroep + Berufsgruppe + occupational health An area of statutory duty imposed on employers and employees in most countries, for the protection of the workforce from occupational diseases and stresses and physical hazards through adequate planning, ventilation, lighting, safeguards, safety and emergency procedures, routine inspections, monitoring, personal protection, etc. hygiène du travail - Arbeitshygiene - bedrijfsgezondheid igiene del lavoro + bedrijfsgezondheid + Arbeitshygiene + + occupational health care service de médecine du travail - Betriebsgesundheitsvorsorge - bedrijfsgezondheidszorg cura della salute occupazionale + bedrijfsgezondheidszorg + Betriebsgesundheitsvorsorge + + + @@ -38434,18 +57030,24 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.occupational medicine The branch of medicine which deals with the relationship of humans to their occupations, for the purpose of the prevention of disease and injury and the promotion of optimal health, productivity, and social adjustment. médecine du travail - Arbeitsmedizin - bedrijfsgeneeskunde medicina occupazionale + bedrijfsgeneeskunde + Arbeitsmedizin + + + occupational safety An area of statutory duty imposed on employers and employees in most countries, for the protection of the workforce from occupational disease and stresses and physical hazards through appropriate measures. sécurité du travail - Arbeitssicherheit - bedrijfsveiligheid sicurezza sul lavoro + bedrijfsveiligheid + Arbeitssicherheit + + + @@ -38454,36 +57056,45 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.occupational safety regulation Law enacted to reduce the incidence among workers of personal injuries, illnesses, and deaths resulting from employment. réglementation de sécurité au travail - Arbeitsschutzvorschrift - bedrijfsveiligheidsvoorschrift disposizioni sulla sicurezza del lavoro + bedrijfsveiligheidsvoorschrift + Arbeitsschutzvorschrift + + + ocean The mass of water occupying all of the Earth's surface not occupied by land, but excluding all lakes and inland seas. océan - Ozean - oceaan oceano + oceaan + Ozean + artificial lake Lakes created behind manmade barriers. lac artificiel - Künstlicher See - stuwmeer lago artificiale + stuwmeer + Künstlicher See + + + ocean circulation Water current flow in a closed circular pattern within an ocean. circulation océanique - Ozeanischer Strömungsprozess - oceaancirculatie circolazione oceanica + oceaancirculatie + Ozeanischer Strömungsprozess + + @@ -38492,36 +57103,43 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.ocean current A net transport of ocean water along a definable path. courant océanique - Meeresströmung - oceaanstroming corrente oceanica + oceaanstroming + Meeresströmung + ocean dumping The process by which pollutants, including sewage, industrial waste, consumer waste, and agricultural and urban runoff are discharged into the world's oceans. These pollutants arise from a myriad of sources. rejet en mer - Verklappung - storten in de oceaan scarico nell'oceano + storten in de oceaan + Verklappung + + + Oceania The islands of the southern, western and central Pacific Ocean, including Melanesia, Micronesia, and Polynesia. The term is sometimes extended to encompass Australia, New Zealand, and the Malay Archipelago. Océanie - Ozeanien - Oceanië Oceania + Oceanië + Ozeanien + oceanography The scientific study and exploration of the oceans and seas in all their aspects. océanographie - Ozeanographie - oceanografie oceanografia + oceanografie + Ozeanographie + + @@ -38531,9 +57149,11 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.ocean temperature A measure, referenced to a standard value, of the heat or coldness in a body of oceanic water. température de l'océan - Meerestemperatur - oceaantemperatuur temperatura dell'oceano + oceaantemperatuur + Meerestemperatur + + @@ -38541,9 +57161,10 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. odonate odonates - Libellen - libellen odonati + libellen + Libellen + @@ -38551,53 +57172,61 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.odour The property of a substance affecting the sense of smell; any smell; scent; perfume. odeur - Geruch - reuk odore + reuk + Geruch + + + odour nuisance puanteur - Geruchsbelästigung - geurhinder disturbo provocato da odori + geurhinder + Geruchsbelästigung + environmental criminality Unlawful acts against the environment, such as water contamination, hazardous waste disposal, air contamination, unpermitted installation of plants, oil spills, etc. délits à l'encontre de l'environnement - Umweltkriminalität - milieucriminaliteit criminalità ambientale + milieucriminaliteit + Umweltkriminalität + office Any room, set of rooms or building used for the administration of government service, business transactions or other work related activities. bureau - Büro - kantoor ufficio + kantoor + Büro + official duty devoir officiel - Amtspflicht - ambtsbezigheid obbligo ufficiale + ambtsbezigheid + Amtspflicht + official hearing Proceedings of relative formality, with definite issues of fact or of law to be tried, in which witnesses are heard and parties proceeded against have right to be heard. audience officielle - Anhörung - officiële hoorzitting udienza ufficiale + officiële hoorzitting + Anhörung + @@ -38605,62 +57234,79 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.off-peak commuting Traveling back and forth regularly over some distance, outside of the hours of maximum traffic frequency. transport quotidien en heures creuses - Pendeln außerhalb der üblichen Bürozeiten - pendelen buiten de spits pendolarismo al di fuori delle ore di punta + pendelen buiten de spits + Pendeln außerhalb der üblichen Bürozeiten + + off-peak travelling Relating to travelling outside rush-hours to avoid overcrowding in public means of transport. voyage en période creuse - Fahren außerhalb der Stoßzeiten - reizen in de minder drukke periode spostamenti al di fuori delle ore di punta + reizen in de minder drukke periode + Fahren außerhalb der Stoßzeiten + + off-peak working travail en heure creuse - Arbeiten außerhalb der üblichen Bürozeiten - werken buiten de spits lavoro al di fuori delle ore di punta + werken buiten de spits + Arbeiten außerhalb der üblichen Bürozeiten + + offset policy (emissions trading) Policy whereby emissions from a proposed new or modified stationary source are balanced by reductions from existing sources to stabilise total emissions. politique de compensation (commerce des permis d'émissions) - Offset Policy - beleid waarbij men wordt verplicht overschrijdingen van uitstootmaxima elde politica di compensazione (commercio delle emissioni industriali) + beleid waarbij men wordt verplicht overschrijdingen van uitstootmaxima elde + Offset Policy + + + + offshore mining Oil extraction from platforms situated a short distance from the coast. extraction en mer - Offshore Abbbau - mijnbouw,gas- en oliewinning op zee attività mineraria in alto mare + mijnbouw,gas- en oliewinning op zee + Offshore Abbbau + + + offshore oil drilling The act or process of extracting petroleum from deposits underlying the floor of the ocean or some other large body of water. extraction pétrolière en mer - Offshore-Erdölbohrung - olieboringen op zee perforazioni petrolifere al largo + olieboringen op zee + Offshore-Erdölbohrung + + off-site Activities taking place or located away from the site. hors site - Off-Site - elders off-site + elders + Off-Site + + @@ -38668,9 +57314,14 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.oil binding agent Highly absorbent agents used for physically removing spilled oil in case of leakages and oil accidents occurring in water bodies, industry, work-shops, on roads, etc. Materials that have been found useful for this service vary from simple, naturally occurring materials such as straw, sawdust, and peat to synthetic agents, such as polyurethane foam and polystyrene powder. agglutinant du pétrole - Ölbindemittel - oliebindende stof agente olio-assorbente + oliebindende stof + Ölbindemittel + + + + + @@ -38678,9 +57329,10 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.oil-based energy Energy produced using oil as fuel. énergie à base de pétrole - Energie auf Ölbasis - op olie gebaseerde energie energia da olio combustibile + op olie gebaseerde energie + Energie auf Ölbasis + @@ -38689,9 +57341,12 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.oil boom A floating device used to contain oil on a body of water. Once the boom has been inflated, it is towed downwind of the oil slick and formed into a U-shape; under the influence of wind, the oil becomes trapped within the boom. Skimming equipment travels into the boom enclosure and the oil is pumped into containers. barrière de confinement - Ölsperre - periode van hoogconjunctuur in de olie-industrie barriera di contenimento galleggiante + periode van hoogconjunctuur in de olie-industrie + Ölsperre + + + @@ -38699,9 +57354,12 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.oil disaster The disaster caused by the dumping and accidental spillage of oil into waterways from ships and land-based or offshore installations. Oil pollution may destroy or damage aquatic life and wildlife such as birds, contaminate water supplies and create fire hazards. désastre pétrolier - Ölunfall - aardolieramp disastro petrolifero + aardolieramp + Ölunfall + + + @@ -38711,18 +57369,24 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. oil exploration exploration des ressources pétrolières - Ölexploration - aardolie-exploratie prospezione di petrolio + aardolie-exploratie + Ölexploration + + + oil extraction Recovery of oil by surface mining, as in tar sands or oil shales, or from tunnels in a shallow reservoir. extraction de pétrole - Erdölförderung - aardoliewinning estrazione di petrolio + aardoliewinning + Erdölförderung + + + @@ -38733,18 +57397,26 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.oil and fat industry Industry for the production and processing of edible oils and fats. industrie des huiles et graisses - Öle- und Fetteindustrie - olie- en vettenindustrie industria degli olii e dei grassi + olie- en vettenindustrie + Öle- und Fetteindustrie + + + oil pipeline A line of pipe connected to valves and other control devices, for conducting oil. oléoduc - Ölfernleitung - oliepijpleiding oleodotto + oliepijpleiding + Ölfernleitung + + + + + @@ -38752,9 +57424,12 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.oil pollution Contamination of any ecosystem, but usually of freshwater or marine ecosystems, by oil or other petroleum products. marée noire - Ölverschmutzung - olievervuiling inquinamento da petrolio + olievervuiling + Ölverschmutzung + + + @@ -38765,18 +57440,27 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.oil pollution abatement There are various systems for the abatement of oil pollution at sea: the "Load-on-top" system involves passing the washing from tank cleaning operations and residue from discharge of the original ballast water to an empty cargo tank nominated as the "slop" tank. Fresh oil cargo is loaded on top of the final residue left after further discharges of water, the resulting mixture being acceptable to refineries despite some additional cost in removing the salt and water. Under the International Convention for the Prevention of Pollution from Ships, 1973, all oil-carrying ships will be required to be capable of operating with this method of retention, or alternatively to discharge to reception facilities. Another method consists in spraying on the oil dispersives and/or blasting straw and sawdust, functioning as "blotting paper", onto water, beaches, rocks and docks. The Vikoma System for the containment of oil spills at sea, developed by British Petroleum, a seaboom of about 500 metres in length, is inflated and towed downwind of the oil slick and formed into a U-shape; under the influence of wind, the oil becomes trapped within the boom. Skimming equipment travels into the boom enclosure and the oil is pumped into containers. réduction de la pollution par le pétrole - Ölpestbekämpfung - vermindering van olievervuiling abbattimento dell'inquinamento da petrolio + vermindering van olievervuiling + Ölpestbekämpfung + + + + oil recovery vessel Boats used for recovering oil spilled at sea from oil tankers. The recommended procedure is to contain and physically recover the spill with or without the use of adsorbents. This approach entails three processes: a) confinement of the spill by spill booms; b) recovery of the spill by sorbing agents; c) physical removal of the contained oil by oil pick-up devices. navire dépollueur - Ölauffangschiff - (olie)opruimingsschip nave per il ricupero del petrolio sversato + (olie)opruimingsschip + Ölauffangschiff + + + + + @@ -38784,9 +57468,13 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.oil refinery System of process units used to convert crude petroleum into fuels, lubricants, and other petroleum-derived products. raffinerie de pétrole - Ölraffinerie - olieraffinaderij raffineria di petrolio + olieraffinaderij + Ölraffinerie + + + + @@ -38794,27 +57482,36 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.oil refining The separation of petroleum mixtures into their component parts. raffinage de pétrole - Erdölraffination - olieraffinage raffinazione del petrolio + olieraffinage + Erdölraffination + oil residue recuperation The recovery of oil that is leftover or left behind, usually following the primary containment operations for an oil spill. récupération des résidus de pétrole - Ölrückstandswiederaufarbeitung - terugwinning van olieresten recupero dei residui del petrolio + terugwinning van olieresten + Ölrückstandswiederaufarbeitung + + + + + + oil shale A kerogen-bearing, finely laminated brown or black sedimentary rock that will yield liquid or gaseous hydrocarbons on distillation. schiste bitumineux - Ölschiefer - olie in kleilagen argillite petrolifera + olie in kleilagen + Ölschiefer + + @@ -38822,9 +57519,12 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.oil slick The mass of oil that floats on a surface of water, which is discharged accidentally, naturally or by design, and can be moved by currents, tides and the wind. nappe de pétrole - Ölteppich - drijvende olielaag chiazza di petrolio + drijvende olielaag + Ölteppich + + + @@ -38832,9 +57532,13 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.oil spill The accidental release of oil, or other petroleum products usually into freshwater or marine ecosystems, and usually in large quantities. It can be controlled by chemical dispersion, combustion, mechanical containment, and absorption. déversement de pétrole - Ölunfall - olielozing spandimento di idrocarburi + olielozing + Ölunfall + + + + @@ -38842,27 +57546,38 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.oil tanker A very large ship which carries crude oil or other petroleum products in big tanks. pétrolier - Öltanker - olietanker petroliera + olietanker + Öltanker + + + old landfill site Landfill that has been filled and covered with topsoil and seeded. The most common end use for landfills is open spaces with no active recreation taking place over the completed landfill. The obvious reason for this use is that the completed surface is steeply sloped to provide rapid runoff. Also, no irrigation of the cover grasses should be allowed. It is very unlikely to think that commercial or industrial buildings will be constructed on a completed landfill. If the end use is such that the public will be walking on the site, it is important that all manholes be properly secured, leachate lagoons fenced, and other potential hazards eliminated. dépôt ancien - Altablagerung - oude afzetting vecchia discarica + oude afzetting + Altablagerung + + + + + polluted site Any place that has been made unclean or unsafe by the discharge of high concentrations of hazardous or detrimental substances into its water, soil or atmosphere. site pollué - Verunreinigter Standort - verontreinigde plaats sito inquinato + verontreinigde plaats + Verunreinigter Standort + + + @@ -38871,45 +57586,54 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.antiquated plant Old installation that do not respond to new rules for the prevention of environmental pollution and whose redevelopment requires investments for adopting technologies related to the protection of waterways, waste management, noise reduction and emission control. installation ancienne - Altanlage - oude installatie vecchio impianto + oude installatie + Altanlage + + olfactory pollution Pollution produced by gaseous emissions in the atmosphere that, even in very small amounts, may cause injuries or a condition of general unease or sickness to persons living in the vicinity. pollution olfactive - Geruchsbelastung - geurvervuiling inquinamento olfattivo + geurvervuiling + Geruchsbelastung + + olfactometry The testing and measurement of the sensitivity of the sense of smell. olfactométrie - Olfaktometrie - olfactometrie olfattometria + olfactometrie + Olfaktometrie + onchocerciasis Infection with the filaria Onchocerca volvulus; results in skin tumours, papular dermatitis, and ocular complications. onchocercose - Onchozerkiasis - onchocerciasis oncocercosi + onchocerciasis + Onchozerkiasis + artificial satellite Any man-made object placed in a near-periodic orbit in which it moves mainly under the gravitational influence of one celestial body, such as the earth, sun, another planet, or a planet's moon. satellite - Künstlicher Satellit - kunstmaan satellite artificiale + kunstmaan + Künstlicher Satellit + + + @@ -38919,45 +57643,55 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.oncology The study of the causes, development, characteristics, and treatment of tumors. oncologie - Onkologie - oncologie oncologia + oncologie + Onkologie + + opencast mining Extracting metal ores and minerals that lie near the surface by removing the overlying material and breaking and loading the ore. exploitation à ciel ouvert - Tagebau - dagbouw attività mineraria a cielo aperto + dagbouw + Tagebau + + + open sea fishing Fishing in the deepest parts of the sea. pêche en haute mer - Hochseefischerei - zeevisserij pesca d'altura + zeevisserij + Hochseefischerei + operating data Data referring to the practical carrying-out of a process. données d'exploitation - Betriebsdaten - besturingsgegevens dati operativi + besturingsgegevens + Betriebsdaten + + opinion Judgement or belief not founded on certainty or proof. opinion - Meinung - mening opinione + mening + Meinung + + @@ -38969,9 +57703,12 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.installation optimisation Adjustments made to a building or to a mechanical or electrical system or apparatus in order to maximize its functionality and efficiency. optimisation des installations - Anlagenoptimierung - optimalisering van installaties ottimizzazione delle installazioni + optimalisering van installaties + Anlagenoptimierung + + + @@ -38979,9 +57716,11 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.ore A mineral or mineral aggregate, more or less mixed with gangue, that can be worked and treated at a profit. minerai - Erz - erts minerale metallifero + erts + Erz + + @@ -38990,9 +57729,11 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.organ A fully differentiated structural and functional unit, such as a kidney or a root, in an animal or plant. organe - Organ - orgaan organo + orgaan + Organ + + @@ -39001,9 +57742,11 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.organic carbon Carbon which comes from an animal or plant. carbone organique - Organischer Kohlenstoff - organisch gebonden koolstof carbonio organico + organisch gebonden koolstof + Organischer Kohlenstoff + + @@ -39013,27 +57756,31 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.organic chemistry A branch of chemistry dealing with the study of composition, reaction, properties, etc. of organic compounds. chimie organique - Organische Chemie - organische scheikunde chimica organica + organische scheikunde + Organische Chemie + + organic farming Farming without the use of industrially made fertilizers or pesticides. agriculture biologique - Biologischer Landbau - biologische landbouw coltura biologica + biologische landbouw + Biologischer Landbau + acoustic property The characteristics found within a structure that determine the quality of sound in its relevance to hearing. propriété acoustique - Akustische Kenngröße - geluidseigenschap proprietà acustiche + geluidseigenschap + Akustische Kenngröße + @@ -39042,9 +57789,11 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.organic pollutant A plant- or animal-produced pollutant containing mainly carbon, hydrogen and oxygen. polluant organique - Organischer Schadstoff - organische vervuilende stof inquinante organico + organische vervuilende stof + Organischer Schadstoff + + @@ -39054,9 +57803,14 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.asbestos Generic name for a group of fibrous mineral silicates. It includes blue asbestos (crocidolite), white asbestos (chrysotile) and brown asbestos (amosite). After they are mined the asbestos fibres are separated from the rock and are spun into a cloth. When inhaled the fibres penetrate the lungs and the tissues of the bronchial tubes, resulting in asbestosis, a crippling lung disease. Asbestos also causes cancer of the lung and the gastro-intestinal tract, and mesothelioma, a malignant cancer of the inner lining of the chest. However, because it is a poor conductor of electricity and highly resistant to heat it has been widely used over the years in fire-fighting suits, and building and insulating materials. The fibrous form of several silicate minerals, at one time widely used for electrical and thermal insulation; the use of all forms of asbestos is now either banned or strictly controlled in many countries since it causes cancer. amiante - Asbest - asbest amianto + asbest + Asbest + + + + + @@ -39064,18 +57818,21 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.organic solvent Organic materials, including diluents and thinners, which are liquids at standard conditions and which are used as dissolvers, viscosity reducers, or cleaning agents. solvant organique - Organisches Lösungsmittel - organisch oplosmiddel solvente organico + organisch oplosmiddel + Organisches Lösungsmittel + + organic substance Chemical compounds, based on carbon chains or rings and also containing hydrogen with or without oxygen, nitrogen, or other elements. substance organique - Organische Stoffe - organische stoffen sostanze organiche + organische stoffen + Organische Stoffe + @@ -39095,9 +57852,10 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.organic waste Waste containing carbon compounds; derived from animal and plant materials. déchet organique - Organischer Abfall - organisch afval rifiuto organico + organisch afval + Organischer Abfall + @@ -39107,9 +57865,10 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.organism An individual constituted to carry out all life functions. organisme - Organismen - organismen (taxonomie) organismi (tassonomia) + organismen (taxonomie) + Organismen + @@ -39130,9 +57889,10 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.organochlorine compound Organic compounds containing a C-Cl bond. composé organochloré - Organische Chlorverbindungen - organische chloorverbinding composto organoclorurato + organische chloorverbinding + Organische Chlorverbindungen + @@ -39140,9 +57900,10 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.organohalogen compound Organic compounds containing a C-halogen bond. composé organohalogèné - Organische Halogenverbindungen - organische halogeenverbinding composti alogenati organici + organische halogeenverbinding + Organische Halogenverbindungen + @@ -39152,9 +57913,10 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.organometallic compound Molecules containing carbon-metal linkage; a compound containing an alkyl or aryl radical bonded to a metal. composé organométallique - Metallorganische Verbindung - organische metaalverbinding composti metallorganici + organische metaalverbinding + Metallorganische Verbindung + @@ -39164,9 +57926,10 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.organonitrogen compound Organic compounds having a C-N bond. composé organique azoté - Organische Stickstoffverbindung - organische stikstofverbinding composti organici azotati + organische stikstofverbinding + Organische Stickstoffverbindung + @@ -39178,9 +57941,10 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.organooxygen compound Compounds, both aliphatic and aromatic, which have a C-O bond, including alcohols, aldehydes, etc. composé organique oxygéné - Organische Sauerstoffverbindungen - organische zuurstofverbinding composti organici ossigenati + organische zuurstofverbinding + Organische Sauerstoffverbindungen + @@ -39192,45 +57956,52 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.organophosphorous compound Pesticides that contain phosphorous; short-lived, but some can be toxic when first applied. composé organophosphoré - Organische Phosphorverbindungen - organische fosforverbinding composti fosforo-organici + organische fosforverbinding + Organische Phosphorverbindungen + organosilicon compound Any natural substance composed of two or more unlike atoms held together by chemical bonds and containing silicon, a non-metallic element often found in rocks or minerals. composé organosilicié - Organische Silikonverbindung - organische silicoonverbinding composti organosiliconici + organische silicoonverbinding + Organische Silikonverbindung + organosulphur compound One of a group of substances which contain both carbon and sulfur. composé organosulfuré - Organische Schwefelverbindung - organische zwavelverbinding composti organici solforati + organische zwavelverbinding + Organische Schwefelverbindung + organotin compound Chemical compounds used in anti-foulant paints to protect the hulls of boats and ships, buoys and pilings from marine organisms such as barnacles. composé organostannique - Organische Zinnverbindung - organische tinverbinding composti organici dello stagno + organische tinverbinding + Organische Zinnverbindung + asbestos cement A hardened mixture of asbestos fibers, Portland cement and water used in relatively thin slabs for shingles, wallboard and siding. ciment amianté - Asbestzement - asbestcement cemento-amianto + asbestcement + Asbestzement + + + @@ -39238,27 +58009,31 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.ornithology The branch of zoology that deals with the study of birds, including their physiology, classification, ecology, and behaviour. ornithologie - Ornithologie - vogelkunde ornitologia + vogelkunde + Ornithologie + orography A rarely used word referring to the study of mountain systems and the depiction of their relief. orographie - Orographie - gebergtebeschrijving orografia + gebergtebeschrijving + Orographie + + orthopteran A heterogeneous order of generalized insects with gradual metamorphosis, chewing mouthparts, and four wings. orthoptère - Orthopteren - rechtvleugeligen ortotteri + rechtvleugeligen + Orthopteren + @@ -39267,9 +58042,11 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.osmosis The passage of a solvent through a semipermeable membrane separating two solutions of different concentrations. A semipermeable membrane is one through which the molecules of a solvent can pass but the molecules of most solutes cannot. There is a thermodynamic tendency for solutions separated by such a membrane to become equal in concentration, the water (or other solvent) flowing from the weaker to the stronger solution. Osmosis will stop when the two solutions reach equal concentration, and can also be stopped by applying a pressure to the liquid on the stronger-solution side of the membrane. The pressure required to stop the flow from a pure solvent into a solution is a characteristic of the solution, and is called the osmotic pressure. Osmotic pressure depends only on the concentration of particles in the solution, not on their nature. osmose - Osmose - osmose osmosi + osmose + Osmose + + @@ -39277,27 +58054,32 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.ASEAN Association of Southeast Asian Nations. ANASE - Asean - ASEAN ASEAN + ASEAN + Asean + local recreation A pastime, diversion, exercise or other means of enjoyment and relaxation that is carried out in a particular city, town or small district. loisirs locaux - Naherholung - plaatselijke vrijetijdsbesteding turismo locale + plaatselijke vrijetijdsbesteding + Naherholung + + overburden The material such as soil and rock lying above a mineral deposit that must be removed in order to work the deposit. surcharge - Abraum - overbelasting cappellaccio + overbelasting + Abraum + + @@ -39307,18 +58089,21 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.overcrowding An excess of people gathered together in a confined space. entassement - Überfüllung - overbevolking sovraffollamento + overbevolking + Überfüllung + overexploitation The use of raw materials excessively without considering the long-term ecological impacts of such use. surexploitation - Raubbau - overexploitatie sfruttamento eccessivo + overexploitatie + Raubbau + + @@ -39326,9 +58111,14 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.overfertilisation Putting too much fertilizer on land; the runoff from overfertilisation can cause water pollution. surfertilisation - Überdüngung - vermesting uso eccessivo di fertilizzanti + vermesting + Überdüngung + + + + + @@ -39336,9 +58126,11 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.ash The incombustible matter remaining after a substance has been incinerated. cendre - Asche - as cenere + as + Asche + + @@ -39348,18 +58140,25 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.overfishing Taking out of the sea more than natural population growth can sustain. Overfishing has a number of causes, the most ruthless being "chronic over capacity" of modern fishing fleets to effectively take far more fish than can be replaced. surpêche - Überfischung - overbevissing pesca eccessiva + overbevissing + Überfischung + + + overgrazing Intensive grazing by animals, for example cattle, sheep or goats, on an area of pasture. It has become a serious threat to the world's rangelands and grasslands. Several factors have led to overgrazing, which leads to the soil being degraded and becoming liable to erosion by wind and rain, and even to desertification. The main pressures leading to widespread overgrazing have been the need to increase the size and numbers of herds to produce more food for an increasing human population, and the transformation of traditional pasture land into plantations to grow cash crops. Throughout the dry tropics, where traditionally herds ranged over vast areas, intensive livestock-rearing schemes have taken over, mostly to provide meat for the export market. Well-digging operations have also led to heavy concentrations of animals in small areas. surpâturage - Überweidung - overbeweiding pascolo eccessivo + overbeweiding + Überweidung + + + + @@ -39367,18 +58166,22 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.overhead power line Suspended cables by which electrical power is distributed throughout a country. ligne électrique aérienne - Überlandleitung - bovengrondse elektriciteitsleiding cavo di tensione sospeso + bovengrondse elektriciteitsleiding + Überlandleitung + + + overpopulation A population density that exceeds the capacity of the environment to supply the health requirements of the individual organism. surpopulation - Übervölkerung - overbevolking sovrappopolazione + overbevolking + Übervölkerung + @@ -39386,9 +58189,11 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.overturn (limnology) The circulation, especially in the fall and spring, of the layers of water in a lake or sea, whereby surface water sinks and mixes with bottom water; it is caused by changes in density differences due to changes in temperature, and is especially common wherever lakes are icebound in winter. brassage convectif - Zirkulation - stratificatie-omkering (limnologie) circolazione (limnologia) + stratificatie-omkering (limnologie) + Zirkulation + + @@ -39396,18 +58201,20 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.overwintering To spend winter in a particular place. hivernage - Überwinterung - (laten) overwinteren svernamento + (laten) overwinteren + Überwinterung + ownership Collection of rights to use and enjoy property, including right to transmit it to others. The complete dominion, title, or proprietary right in a thing or claim. propriété - Eigentumsrecht - eigendom proprietà + eigendom + Eigentumsrecht + @@ -39417,27 +58224,30 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.oxidation A chemical reaction that increases the oxygen content of a compound. oxydation - Oxidation - oxidatie ossidazione + oxidatie + Oxidation + oxidation-reduction An oxidizing chemical change, where an element's positive valence is increased (electron loss), accompanied by a simultaneous reduction of an associated element (electron gain). oxydoréduction - Redoxreaktion - oxidatie-reductie ossidoriduzione + oxidatie-reductie + Redoxreaktion + oxide Binary chemical compound in which oxygen is combined with a metal or nonmetal. oxyde - Oxid - oxiden ossido + oxiden + Oxid + @@ -39446,9 +58256,10 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.Asia The world's largest continent. It occupies the eastern part of the Eurasian landmass and its adjacent islands and is separated from Europe by the Ural Mountains. Asia borders on the Arctic Ocean, the Pacific Ocean, the Indian Ocean, and the Mediterranean and Red Seas in the west. It includes the largest peninsulas of Asia Minor, India, Arabia, and Indochina and the island groups of Japan, Indonesia, the Philippines, and Ceylon; contains the mountain ranges of the Hindu Kush, Himalayas, Pamirs, Tian Shan, Urals, and Caucasus, the great plateaus of India, Iran and Tibet, vast plains and deserts, and the valleys of many large rivers including the Mekong, Irrawaddy, Indus, Ganges, Tigris and Euphrates. Asie - Asien - Azië Asia + Azië + Asien + @@ -39460,9 +58271,11 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.oxidising agent Compound that gives up oxygen easily, removes hydrogen from another compound, or attracts negative electrons. agent oxydant - Oxidationsmittel - oxyderende stof agente ossidante + oxyderende stof + Oxidationsmittel + + @@ -39470,9 +58283,11 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.oxygen A gaseous chemical element; an essential element in cellular respiration and in combustion processes; the most abundant element in the earth's crust and about 20% of the air by volume. oxygène - Sauerstoff - zuurstof ossigeno + zuurstof + Sauerstoff + + @@ -39481,9 +58296,11 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.oxygenation Treating with oxygen. oxygénation - Sauerstoffeintrag - zuurstoftoevoer ossigenazione + zuurstoftoevoer + Sauerstoffeintrag + + @@ -39491,9 +58308,12 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.oxygen content Amount of oxygen contained in a solution. teneur en oxygène - Sauerstoffgehalt - zuurstofgehalte contenuto in ossigeno + zuurstofgehalte + Sauerstoffgehalt + + + @@ -39501,18 +58321,23 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. oxygen deficiency déficit en oxygène - Sauerstoffmangel - zuurstoftekort povero di ossigeno + zuurstoftekort + Sauerstoffmangel + + + ozone An allotropic form of oxygen containing three atoms in the molecule. It is a bluish gas, very active chemically, and a powerful oxidizing agent. Ozone is formed when oxygen or air is subjected to a silent electric discharge. It occurs in ordinary air in very small amounts only. ozone - Ozon - ozon ozono + ozon + Ozon + + @@ -39523,9 +58348,13 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.ozone depletion potential A factor that reflects the ozone depletion potential of a substance, on a mass per kilogram basis, as compared to chlorofluorocarbon-11 (CFC-11). Such factor shall be based upon the substance's atmospheric life time, the molecular weight of bromine and chlorine, and the substance's ability to be photolytically disassociated, and upon other factors determined to be an accurate measure of relative ozone depletion potential. potentiel d'appauvrissement de l'ozone - Ozonabbaupotential - vermogen om de ozonlaag aan te tasten potenziale di riduzione dell'ozono + vermogen om de ozonlaag aan te tasten + Ozonabbaupotential + + + + @@ -39534,9 +58363,11 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.ozone layer The general stratum of the upper atmosphere in which there is an appreciable ozone concentration and in which ozone plays an important part in the radiative balance of the atmosphere. couche d'ozone - Ozonschicht - ozonlaag strato di ozono + ozonlaag + Ozonschicht + + @@ -39544,9 +58375,12 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.ozone layer depletion The fragile shield of ozone is been damaged by chemicals released on earth. The main chemicals that are depleting stratospheric ozone are chlorofluorocarbons which are used in refrigerators, aerosols, and as cleaners in many industries, and halons, which are used in fire extinguishers. The damage is caused when these chemicals release highly reactive forms of chlorine and bromine. Over the past 30 years ozone levels over parts of Antarctica have dropped by almost 40% during some months and a "hole" in ozone concentrations is clearly visible in satellite observations. appauvrissement de la couche d'ozone - Abbau der Ozonschicht - aantasting van de ozonlaag distruzione dello strato di ozono + aantasting van de ozonlaag + Abbau der Ozonschicht + + + @@ -39555,9 +58389,12 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.ozonisation The process of treating, impregnating or combining with ozone. ozonation - Ozonierung - ozonisatie ozonizzazione + ozonisatie + Ozonierung + + + @@ -39565,9 +58402,11 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.packaging All products made of any materials of any nature to be used for the containment, protection, handling, delivery and presentation of goods, from raw materials to processed goods, from the producer to the user or the consumer. emballage - Verpackung - verpakking imballaggio + verpakking + Verpackung + + @@ -39580,9 +58419,12 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.acoustics The science of the production, transmission and effects of sound. acoustique - Akustik - geluidsleer acustica + geluidsleer + Akustik + + + @@ -39592,9 +58434,11 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.packaging waste Waste comprised of materials, or items, used to protect, contain, or transport a commodity or product and usually considered a type of consumer waste. déchet d'emballage - Verpackungsabfall - verpakkingsafval rifiuto da imballaggio + verpakkingsafval + Verpackungsabfall + + @@ -39602,9 +58446,10 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.paint A mixture of pigment and a vehicle, such as oil or water, that together form a liquid or paste that can be applied to a surface to provide an adherent coating that imparts colour to and often protects the surface. peinture - Anstrichmittel - verf vernice + verf + Anstrichmittel + @@ -39612,36 +58457,42 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.painting business A commercial service through which paint, a decorative or protective coating product, or similar products are applied to the interiors and exteriors of buildings and other surfaces. entreprise de peinture - Malerbetrieb - schildersbedrijf impresa di tinteggiatura e verniciatura + schildersbedrijf + Malerbetrieb + + paint shop A shop where paint and related items are sold. magasin de peinture - Lackiererei - verfwinkel negozio di vernici + verfwinkel + Lackiererei + + palaeontology The study of life in past geologic time, based on fossil plants and animals and including phylogeny, their relationship to existing plants, animals, and environments, and the chronology of the Earth's history. paléontologie - Paläontologie - paleontologie paleontologia + paleontologie + Paläontologie + paper Felted or matted sheets of cellulose fibers, formed on a fine-wire screen from a dilute water suspension, and bonded together as the water is removed and the sheet is dried. papier - Papier - papier carta + papier + Papier + @@ -39650,9 +58501,11 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.paper industry Industrial production of paper: pulp is produced by mechanically or chemically processing wood or other vegetative materials to extract usable cellulosic fibers as an aqueous slurry. The pulp slurry may be used directly in paper making or it may be shipped elsewhere for processing into paper products. The fundamental industrial operations are divided into two major categories: pulp mill and paper mill. The pulp mill operation includes wood preparation, pulping, deinking, pulp washing, screening and thickening, and bleaching. The paper mill operations include stock preparation, paper machine operation and finishing. industrie papetière - Papierindustrie - papierindustrie industria della carta + papierindustrie + Papierindustrie + + @@ -39660,9 +58513,11 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.1) A quantity in an equation which must be specified beside the independent variables to obtain the solution for the dependent variables. 2) A quantity which is constant under a given set of conditions, but may be different under other conditions. paramètre - Kenngröße - parameters parametro + parameters + Kenngröße + + @@ -39720,36 +58575,47 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.parasite Organism which lives and obtains food at the expense of another organism, the host. parasite - Parasit - parasiet parassita + parasiet + Parasit + parasitology A branch of biology which deals with those organisms, plant or animal, which have become dependent on other living creatures. parasitologie - Parazitologie - parasitologie parassitologia + parasitologie + Parazitologie + + + car park Area of ground or a building where there is space for vehicles to be parked. parc de stationnement - Parkplatz - (auto)parkeerplaats parcheggio per automobili + (auto)parkeerplaats + Parkplatz + + + parking provision Area where a vehicle can be left for a period of time. place de stationnement - Parkmöglichkeit - parkeervoorziening area di parcheggio + parkeervoorziening + Parkmöglichkeit + + + + @@ -39758,9 +58624,10 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.Parliament An assembly of elected representatives, typically controlled by a political party and constituting the legislative and, in some cases, the executive power of a state. Parlement - Parlament - parlement Parlamento + parlement + Parlament + @@ -39769,9 +58636,10 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.assimilation Conversion of nutritive material to living tissue. assimilation - Assimilation - assimilatie assimilazione + assimilatie + Assimilation + @@ -39780,9 +58648,10 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.participation The act of sharing or taking part in a civic, community or public action. participation - Partizipation - deelname partecipazione + deelname + Partizipation + @@ -39791,9 +58660,10 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.1) Any very small part of matter, such as a molecule, atom, or electron. 2) Any relatively small subdivision of matter, ranging in diameter from a few angstroms to a few millimeters. particule - Partikel - deeltje particella + deeltje + Partikel + @@ -39801,27 +58671,34 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.particle separator A device for segregation of solid particles by size range, as a screening. séparateur de particules - Partikelabscheider - deeltjesscheider separatore di particelle + deeltjesscheider + Partikelabscheider + + passenger transport The conveyance of people over land, water or through air by automobile, bus, train, airplane or some other means of travel. transport de voyageurs - Personenverkehr - personenvervoer trasporto passeggeri + personenvervoer + Personenverkehr + + pasture Land covered with grass or herbage and grazed by or suitable for grazing by livestock. pâturage - Weide - (graas)weide prateria da pascolo + (graas)weide + Weide + + + @@ -39829,35 +58706,43 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.paste-like waste Waste deriving from various activities having a pasty consistency. déchet pâteux - Pastenartiger Abfall - pasta-achtig afval rifiuto pastoso + pasta-achtig afval + Pastenartiger Abfall + pathogen Any disease-producing agent or microorganism. agent pathogène - Krankheitserreger - pathogeen patogeno + pathogeen + Krankheitserreger + + + pathogenic organism Agents producing or capable of producing disease. organisme pathogène - Krankheitserreger - pathogeen organisme organismo patogeno + pathogeen organisme + Krankheitserreger + + pathologic effect effet pathologique - Pathologische Wirkung - pathologisch effect effetto patologico + pathologisch effect + Pathologische Wirkung + + @@ -39866,9 +58751,11 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.pathology The branch of medicine concerned with the causes, origin, and nature of disease, including the changes occurring as a result of disease. pathologie - Pathologie - pathologie patologia + pathologie + Pathologie + + @@ -39877,18 +58764,22 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.pattern of urban growth The combination of acts, tendencies and other observable characteristics that demonstrates a municipal area's progress or state of development, including its population trends. schéma d'urbanisation - Städtisches Wachstumsschema - stedelijk groeipatroon modello di crescita urbana + stedelijk groeipatroon + Städtisches Wachstumsschema + + + association A body of persons associated for the regulation of a common economic activity by means of a special organization. association - Verband - associatie associazione + associatie + Verband + @@ -39897,9 +58788,13 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.peat Unconsolidated soil material consisting largely of undecomposed or slightly decomposed organic matter accumulated under conditions of excessive moisture. tourbe - Torf - turf torba + turf + Torf + + + + @@ -39907,9 +58802,14 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.peat extraction Peat is obtained from peat bogs by cutting it from the earth; it is then formed into briquettes, which can be used as fuel. Peat may be found in layers several metres thick. In some countries peat-fired generating stations for electricity are in use. Peat is also used as a soil conditioner. extraction de tourbe - Torfabbau - turfwinning estrazione di torba + turfwinning + Torfabbau + + + + + @@ -39917,9 +58817,11 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.pedestrian zone Area where vehicles are not allowed. zone piétonnière - Fußgängerzone - voetgangerszone zona pedonale + voetgangerszone + Fußgängerzone + + @@ -39927,9 +58829,10 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.pedosphere That shell or layer of the Earth in which soil-forming processes occur. pédosphère - Pedosphäre - pedosfeer pedosfera + pedosfeer + Pedosphäre + @@ -39937,9 +58840,10 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.penalty for environmental damage Punishment, varying from fines to withdrawal of government funds to economic sanctions, which is imposed for the harm or injury done to natural resources. sanctions pour atteinte à l'environnement - Strafe für Umweltschäden - boete voor schade aan het milieu sanzione per danni ambientali + boete voor schade aan het milieu + Strafe für Umweltschäden + @@ -39947,9 +58851,10 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.1) A punishment for a crime. 2) A sum specified in a contract as payable on its breach but not constituting a genuine estimate of the likely loss. pénalité - Strafe - dwangmaatregel sanzione (misura coercitiva) + dwangmaatregel + Strafe + @@ -39957,89 +58862,113 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.pentachlorophenol One of the universally toxic phenolic compounds, is a general purpose agent that is used as a fungicide, herbicide and molluscicide, particularly in Egypt where it is used to control snails that carry the larval human blood flukes that cause schistosomiasis. It is also used in wood preservatives and is very poisonous. pentachlorophénol - Pentachlorphenol - pentachloorfenol pentaclorofenolo + pentachloorfenol + Pentachlorphenol + per capita data données par individu - Pro-Kopf-Daten - gegevens per hoofd (van de bevolking) dati pro capite + gegevens per hoofd (van de bevolking) + Pro-Kopf-Daten + + + perchloroethylene Stable, colorless liquid, nonflammable and nonexplosive, with low toxicity; used as a dry-cleaning and industrial solvent, in pharmaceuticals and medicines, and for metal cleaning. perchloroéthylène - Perchlorethylen - perchooretheen percloroetilene + perchooretheen + Perchlorethylen + astronautics The science of space flight. astronautique (science) - Astronautik - ruimtevaartkunde astronautica + ruimtevaartkunde + Astronautik + + percolating water Subsurface water that passes, under the force of gravity, through rocks or soil along the line of least resistance. eau d'infiltration - Sickerwasser - percolatiewater acqua di percolazione + percolatiewater + Sickerwasser + + periphyton A plant or animal organism which is attached or clings to surfaces of leaves or stems of rooted plants above the bottom stratum. périphyton - Aufwuchs - periphyton periphyton + periphyton + Aufwuchs + + permafrost ecosystem The interacting system of the biological communities and their nonliving environmental surroundings in a climatic region where the subsoil is perennially frozen. écosystème du pergélisol - Permafrost-Ökosystem - permanente ijslaag ecosistema del permafrost + permanente ijslaag + Permafrost-Ökosystem + + astronomy The science concerned with celestial bodies and the observation and interpretation of the radiation received in the vicinity of the earth from the component parts of the universe. astronomie - Astronomie - astronomie astronomia + astronomie + Astronomie + + permeability The ability of a membrane or other material to permit a substance to pass through it. perméabilité - Permeabilität - doorlatendheid permeabilità + doorlatendheid + Permeabilität + + + permissible exposure limit An exposure limit that is set for exposure to an hazardous substance or harmful agent and enforced by OSHA (Occupational Safety and Health Act) as a legal standard. It is based on time-weighted average concentrations for a normal 8-hour work day and 40 hour work week. limite acceptable d'exposition - BAT-Wert - toegestane blootstellingsgrens limite ammissibile di esposizione + toegestane blootstellingsgrens + BAT-Wert + + + + + + @@ -40048,9 +58977,10 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.permission The license, formal consent or authorization to act on some matter, frequently validating the action as lawful or procedurally correct. autorisation - Erlaubnis - vergunning permesso + vergunning + Erlaubnis + @@ -40067,18 +58997,21 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.peroxyacetylnitrate A pollutant created by the action of sunlight on hydrocarbons and nitrogen oxides in the air. An ingredient of smog. nitrate de peroxyacétyle - Peroxiacetylnitrat - peroxyacetylnitraat perossiacetil nitrato + peroxyacetylnitraat + Peroxiacetylnitrat + + persistence The capacity of a substance to remain chemically stable. This is an important factor in estimating the environmental effects of substances discharged into the environment. Certain toxic substances (e.g., cyanides) have a low persistence, whereas other less immediately toxic substances (e.g., many organochlorines) have a high persistence and may therefore produce more serious effects. persistance - Persistenz - werkingsduur persistenza + werkingsduur + Persistenz + @@ -40087,26 +59020,37 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.persistence of pesticides The ability of a chemical to retain its molecular integrity and hence its physical, chemical, and functional characteristics in the environment through which such a chemical may be transported and distributed for a considerable period of time. persistance des pesticides - Pestizidpersistenz - werkingsduur van bestrijdingsmiddelen persistenza dei pesticidi + werkingsduur van bestrijdingsmiddelen + Pestizidpersistenz + + + + + + personal responsibility responsabilité personnelle - Eigenverantwortung - persoonlijke verantwoordelijkheid responsabilità personale + persoonlijke verantwoordelijkheid + Eigenverantwortung + pest Any organism that damages crops, injures or irritates livestock or man, or reduces the fertility of land. déprédateur - Schädling - pest organismo infestante + pest + Schädling + + + + @@ -40117,9 +59061,10 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.pest control Keeping down the number of pests by killing them or preventing them from attacking. lutte antiparasitaire - Schädlingsbekämpfung - bestrijding (van plagen) controllo delle infestazioni + bestrijding (van plagen) + Schädlingsbekämpfung + @@ -40130,9 +59075,13 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.pesticide A general term for chemical agents that are used in order to kill unwanted plants, animals pests or disease-causing fungi, and embracing insecticides, herbicides, fungicides, nematicides, etc. Some pesticides have had widespread disruptive effects among non-target species. pesticide - Schädlingsbekämpfungsmittel - bestrijdingsmiddel pesticida + bestrijdingsmiddel + Schädlingsbekämpfungsmittel + + + + @@ -40140,27 +59089,37 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.pesticide control standard A norm or measure applicable in legal cases pertaining to the production, dissemination or use of substances designed to mitigate or eliminate insects or small animals that harm vegetation. norme de contrôle des pesticides - Schädlingsbekämpfungsnorm - controlenorm voor bestrijdingsmiddelen norme di controllo dei pesticidi + controlenorm voor bestrijdingsmiddelen + Schädlingsbekämpfungsnorm + + + pesticide pathway The specific or known route or vector of any chemical substance released into the environment to prevent, destroy or mitigate any pest that is directly or indirectly detrimental to harvest crops and other human interests. cheminement des pesticides - Pestizidpfad - door bestrijdingsmiddelen gevolgde weg percorso dei pesticidi + door bestrijdingsmiddelen gevolgde weg + Pestizidpfad + + residual pesticide A pesticide remaining in the environment for a fairly long time, continuing to be effective for days, weeks, and months. résidu de pesticide - Pestizidrückstand - resten van bestrijdingsmiddellen residuo di pesticida + resten van bestrijdingsmiddellen + Pestizidrückstand + + + + + @@ -40168,36 +59127,48 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.1) The occurrence of one or more pest species in an area or location where their numbers and impact are currently or potentially at intolerable levels. 2) A sudden increase in destructiveness or population numbers of a pest species in a given area. infestation parasitaire - Schädlingsbefall - plaag infestazione + plaag + Schädlingsbefall + + + pet An animal which is kept in the home as a companion and treated affectionately. animal domestique (tenu en appartement) - Haustier - huisdier animale domestico + huisdier + Haustier + + petrochemical industry The production of materials derived from petroleum or natural gas. industrie pétrochimique - Petrochemische Industrie - petrochemische industrie industria petrolchimica + petrochemische industrie + Petrochemische Industrie + + + + petrol A fuel for internal combustion engines consisting essentially of volatile flammable liquid hydrocarbons; derived from crude petroleum by processes such as distillation reforming, polymerization, catalytic cracking, and alkilation. essence - Benzin - benzine benzina + benzine + Benzin + + + @@ -40205,18 +59176,22 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.atlas A bound collection of maps or charts, plates, engravings or tables illustrating any subject. atlas - Atlas - atlas atlante + atlas + Atlas + + petroleum A comparatively volatile liquid bitumen composed principally of hydrocarbon, with traces of sulphur, nitrogen or oxygen compounds; can be removed from the earth in a liquid state. pétrole - Erdöl - (ruwe) aardolie petrolio + (ruwe) aardolie + Erdöl + + @@ -40228,27 +59203,32 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.petroleum consumption Petroleum belongs to non-renewable energy sources; it is a complex substance derived from the carbonized remains of trees, ferns, mosses, and other types of vegetable matter. The principal chemical constituents of oil are carbon, hydrogen, and sulphur. The various fuels made from crude oil are jet fuel, gasoline, kerosine, diesel fuel, and heavy fuel oils. Major oil consumption is in the following areas: transportation, residential-commercial, industrial and for generating electric power. consommation de pétrole - Erdölverbrauch - aardolieverbruik consumo di petrolio + aardolieverbruik + Erdölverbrauch + + petroleum geology The branch of economic geology that relates to the origin, migration and accumulation of oil and gas, and to the discovery of commercial deposits. Its practice involves the application of geochemistry, geophysics, paleontology, structural geology and stratigraphy to the problems of finding hydrocarbons. géologie des ressources pétrolières - Erdölgeologie - aardolie-geologie geologia petrolifera + aardolie-geologie + Erdölgeologie + petroleum industry Manufacturing industry utilizing complex combination of interdependent operations engaged in the storage and transportation, separation of crude molecular constituents, molecular cracking, molecular rebuilding, and solvent finishing to produce petrochemical products. industrie pétrolière - Erdölindustrie - aardolie-industrie industria del petrolio + aardolie-industrie + Erdölindustrie + + @@ -40257,18 +59237,21 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.conservation of petroleum resources Controlled utilization, protection and development of exploited and potentially exploitable sources of crude oil to meet current demand and ensure future requirements. préservation des ressources pétrolières - Schutz von Erdölressourcen - bescherming van de aardoliebronnen conservazione delle risorse petrolifere + bescherming van de aardoliebronnen + Schutz von Erdölressourcen + + atmosphere The gaseous envelope surrounding the Earth in a several kilometers-thick layer. atmosphère - Atmosphäre - atmosfeer atmosfera + atmosfeer + Atmosphäre + @@ -40278,9 +59261,10 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.phanerogam Plants that produce seeds. The group comprises the Gymnospermae and the Angiospermae. phanérogame - Phanerogame - zichtbaar bloeiende planten fanerogame + zichtbaar bloeiende planten + Phanerogame + @@ -40289,18 +59273,24 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.pharmaceutical industry Concerted activity concerned with manufacturing pharmaceutical goods. industrie pharmaceutique - Pharmazeutische Industrie - farmaceutische industrie industria farmaceutica + farmaceutische industrie + Pharmazeutische Industrie + + + pharmaceutical waste Discarded medicinal drugs and related products from pharmacies, hospitals, clinics, pharmaceutical manufacturers, etc. déchet pharmaceutique - Apothekenabfall - apotheekafval rifiuto farmaceutico + apotheekafval + Apothekenabfall + + + @@ -40308,27 +59298,33 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.pharmacokinetics The study of the rates of absorption, tissue distribution, biotransformation, and excretion. pharmacocinétique - Pharmakokinetik - farmacokinetica cinetica farmacologica + farmacokinetica + Pharmakokinetik + + + pharmacology The science dealing with the nature and properties of drugs, particularly their actions. pharmacologie - Pharmakologie - farmacologie farmacologia + farmacologie + Pharmakologie + + phenol A white crystalline soluble poisonous acidic derivative of benzene, used as an antiseptic and disinfectant and in the manufacture of resins, nylon, dyes, explosives and pharmaceuticals. phénol - Phenol - fenol fenoli + fenol + Phenol + @@ -40336,18 +59332,22 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.pheromone Any substance secreted by an animal which influences the behaviour of other individuals of the same species. phérormone - Pheromone - feromoon feromoni + feromoon + Pheromone + + philosophy The academic discipline concerned with making explicit the nature and significance of ordinary and scientific beliefs and investigating the intelligibility of concepts by means of rational argument concerning their presuppositions, implications, and interrelationships; in particular, the rational investigation of the nature and structure of reality (metaphysics), the resources and limits of knowledge (epistemology), the principles and import of moral judgment (ethics), and the relationship between language and reality (semantics). philosophie - Philosophie - filosofie filosofia + filosofie + Philosophie + + @@ -40357,27 +59357,36 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.1) Generic term for any compound containing a phosphate group. 2) Any salt or ester of any phosphoric acid, especially a salt of orthophosphoric acid. phosphate - Phosphat - fosfaat fosfato + fosfaat + Phosphat + + + phosphate removal Replacement of phosphate in detergents by environmentally safer substances, such as zeolite. The substitute will not act as a nutrient, and so will not cause eutrophication as a result of the accelerated growth of plants and microorganisms if it is released into waterways. déphosphatation - Phosphatelimination - fosfaatverwijdering eliminazione dei fosfati + fosfaatverwijdering + Phosphatelimination + + + phosphate substitute All substances that are able to substitute phosphate compounds in detergents; they must have the same chemical and physical properties and must be less polluting for the environment. substitut du phosphate - Phosphatersatzstoff - fosfaatvervangingsmiddel sostituto dei fosfati + fosfaatvervangingsmiddel + Phosphatersatzstoff + + + @@ -40385,18 +59394,22 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.phosphorus A nonmetallic element used to manufacture phosphoric acid, in phosphor bronzes, incendiaries, pyrotechnics, matches, and rat poisons; the white or yellow allotrope is a soft waxy solid, soluble in carbon disulfide, insoluble in water and alcohol, and is poisonous and self-igniting in air; the red allotrope is an amorphous powder, insoluble in all solvents and is nonpoisonous; the black allotrope comprises lustrous crystals similar to graphite, and is insoluble in most solvents. phosphore - Phosphor - fosfor fosforo + fosfor + Phosphor + photochemical agent Agents which trigger off photochemical reactions. réactif photochimique - Photochemische Mittel - fotochemisch middel agente fotochimico + fotochemisch middel + Photochemische Mittel + + + @@ -40404,18 +59417,22 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.photochemical effect The result or consequence of a chemical reaction caused by light or ultraviolet radiation. effet photochimique - Photochemische Wirkung - fotochemisch effect effetto fotochimico + fotochemisch effect + Photochemische Wirkung + photochemical oxidant Any of the chemicals which enter into oxidation reactions in the presence of light or other radiant energy. oxydant photochimique - Photooxidantien - fotochemische oxidant ossidante fotochimico + fotochemische oxidant + Photooxidantien + + + @@ -40424,9 +59441,12 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.photochemical product Degradation products that are produced by the action of light radiation. produit photochimique - Photochemisches Produkt - fotochemische product prodotto fotochimico + fotochemische product + Photochemisches Produkt + + + @@ -40434,9 +59454,11 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.photochemical reaction Chemical reaction which is initiated by light of a specific wavelength. In an environmental context an example is the potential action of ultraviolet light on CFCs which may bring about the detrimental degradation of the ozone layer. Photochemical reactions initiate the process of photosynthesis in which plants convert carbon dioxide into sugars, which are incorporated into cell materials. réaction photochimique - Photochemische Reaktion - fotochemische reactie reazione fotochimica + fotochemische reactie + Photochemische Reaktion + + @@ -40447,9 +59469,11 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.photochemical smog A combination of fog and chemicals that come from automobile and factory emissions and is acted upon by the action of the sun. Nitrogen dioxide, in the presence of the sun and some hydrocarbons, is turned into nitric oxide and atomic oxygen. The atomic oxygen reacts with the oxygen molecules and other constituents of automobile exhaust fumes to form a variety of products including ozone. The ozone is harmful in itself and is also implicated in a highly complex series of continuing reactions. As long as there is ozone or nitrogen dioxide and sunlight present, other undesirable reactions will occur. smog photochimique - Photochemischer Smog - fotochemische smog smog fotochimico + fotochemische smog + Photochemischer Smog + + @@ -40457,18 +59481,22 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.photogrammetry The process of making measurements from photographs, used especially in the construction of maps from aerial photographs and also in military intelligence, medical and industrial research, etc. photogrammétrie - Photogrammetrie - fotogrammetrie fotogrammetria + fotogrammetrie + Photogrammetrie + + + photograph An image captured by a camera or some other device and reproduced as a picture, usually on a sensitized surface and formed by the chemical action of light or of radiant energy. photo - Photo - foto fotografia (immagine) + foto + Photo + @@ -40478,18 +59506,22 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.atmospheric chemistry The study of the production, transport, modification, and removal of atmospheric constituents in the troposphere and stratosphere. chimie de l'atmosphère - Atmosphärenchemie - atmosferische scheikunde chimica dell'atmosfera + atmosferische scheikunde + Atmosphärenchemie + + photosynthesis The process by which plants transform carbon dioxide and water into carbohydrates and other compounds, using energy from the sun captured by chlorophyll in the plant. Oxygen is a by-product of the process. Photosynthesis is the essence of all plant life (autotrophic production) and hence of all animal life (heterotrophic production) on the planet Earth. The rate of photosynthesis depends on climate, intensity and duration of sunlight, available leaf area, soil nutrient availability, temperature, carbon dioxide concentration, and soil moisture regimes. photosynthèse - Photosynthese - fotosynthese fotosintesi + fotosynthese + Photosynthese + + @@ -40499,17 +59531,20 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.atmospheric circulation The general movement and circulation of air, which transfers energy between different levels of the atmosphere. The mechanisms of circulation are very complicated. They involve the transfer of energy between the oceans and the atmosphere, the land and the atmosphere, as well as the different levels of the atmosphere. circulation atmosphérique - Atmosphaerische Zirkulation - luchtstromingen circolazione atmosferica + luchtstromingen + Atmosphaerische Zirkulation + + physical conditions condition physique - Gesundheitszustand - lichamelijke toestand condizione fisica + lichamelijke toestand + Gesundheitszustand + @@ -40517,27 +59552,32 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.physical geography The study of the spatial and temporal characteristics and relationships of all phenomena within the Earth's physical environment. géographie physique - Physische Geographie - fysische geografie geografia fisica + fysische geografie + Physische Geographie + + physical oceanography The study of the physical aspects of the ocean, the movements of the sea, and the variability of these factors in relationship to the atmosphere and the ocean bottom. océanographie physique - Physische Ozeanographie - fysische oceanografie oceanografia fisica + fysische oceanografie + Physische Ozeanographie + physical planning A form of urban land use planning which attempts to achieve an optimal spatial coordination of different human activities for the enhancement of the quality of life. planification de l'espace physique - Raumplanung - ruimtelijke ordening pianificazione dello spazio fisico + ruimtelijke ordening + Raumplanung + + @@ -40548,9 +59588,10 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.physical pollutant A pollutant characterized by its influence on environmental conditions caused by forces and operations of physics, such as noise, microwave radiation, vibration, etc. polluant physique - Physikalischer Schadstoff - fysische vervuiler inquinante fisico + fysische vervuiler + Physikalischer Schadstoff + @@ -40560,9 +59601,10 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.physical pollution The introduction or presence of harmful substances or forces in the environment that cause damage to the environment and its processes due to their material actions, as through vibration, thermal alteration or electromagnetic radiation. pollution physique - Physikalische Verunreinigung - fysische verontreiniging inquinamento fisico + fysische verontreiniging + Physikalische Verunreinigung + @@ -40572,9 +59614,10 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.physical process A continuous action or series of changes which alters the material form of matter. processus physique - Physikalischer Vorgang - fysische processen processi fisici + fysische processen + Physikalischer Vorgang + @@ -40608,9 +59651,10 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.physical property Property of a compound that can change without involving a change in chemical composition. propriété physique - Physikalische Kenngröße - fysische eigenschappen proprietà fisiche + fysische eigenschappen + Physikalische Kenngröße + @@ -40651,9 +59695,12 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.atmospheric component The Earth's atmosphere consists by volume of nitrogen (79,1%), oxygen (20,9%), carbon dioxide (about 0,03%) and traces of the noble gases (argon, krypton, xenon, helium) plus water vapour, traces of ammonia, organic matter, ozone, various salts and suspended solid particles. composant atmosphérique - Atmosphärisches Bestandteil - onderdeel van de atmosfeer componenti dell'atmosfera + onderdeel van de atmosfeer + Atmosphärisches Bestandteil + + + @@ -40665,9 +59712,11 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.physical science The sciences concerned with nonliving matter, energy, and the physical properties of the universe, such as physics, chemistry, astronomy, and geology. science physique - Naturwissenschaft - natuurwetenschappen scienze fisiche + natuurwetenschappen + Naturwissenschaft + + @@ -40682,9 +59731,11 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.physicochemical process Processes involving changes in the physical properties and chemical structure of substances. processus physico-chimique - Physikalisch-chemische Verfahren - fysico-chemische processen processi chimico-fisici + fysico-chemische processen + Physikalisch-chemische Verfahren + + @@ -40711,18 +59762,23 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.physicochemical purification Used to concentrate waste brines and to remove solid organics and ammonia from aqueous solutions. Physical treatment consists of reverse osmosis, dialysis, electrodialysis, evaporation, carbon, adsorption, ammonia stripping, filtration, sedimentation, and flocculation. Chemical treatment consists of ion exchange, neutralization, oxidation, reduction, precipitation, and calcination. épuration physicochimique - Physikalisch-chemische Reinigung - fysico-chemische zuivering depurazione fisico-chimica + fysico-chemische zuivering + Physikalisch-chemische Reinigung + + + physics The study of those aspects of nature which can be understood in a fundamental way in terms of elementary principles and laws. physique - Physik - natuurkunde fisica + natuurkunde + Physik + + @@ -40732,9 +59788,11 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.atmospheric composition The chemical abundance in the earth's atmosphere of its constituents including nitrogen, oxygen, argon, carbon dioxide, water vapour, ozone, neon, helium, krypton, methane, hydrogen and nitrous oxide. composition de l'atmosphère - Atmosphärische Zusammensetzung - samenstelling van de atmosfeer composizione dell'atmosfera + samenstelling van de atmosfeer + Atmosphärische Zusammensetzung + + @@ -40742,9 +59800,11 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.physiology The biological study of the functions of living organisms and their parts. physiologie - Physiologie - fysiologie fisiologia + fysiologie + Physiologie + + @@ -40755,9 +59815,10 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.phytomass Plant biomass; any quantitative estimate of the total mass of plants in a stand, population, or within a given area, at a given time. phytomasse - Phytomasse - fytomassa fitomassa + fytomassa + Phytomasse + @@ -40765,9 +59826,13 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.phytopathology The study of plant diseases and their control. phytopathologie - Phytopathologie - plantenziektekunde fitopatologia + plantenziektekunde + Phytopathologie + + + + @@ -40775,27 +59840,33 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.phytoplankton Planktonic plant life. phytoplancton - Phytoplankton - fytoplankton fitoplancton + fytoplankton + Phytoplankton + + phytosociology The study of vegetation, including the organization, interdependence, development, geographical distribution and classification of plant communities. phytosociologie - Vegetationskunde - plantensociologie fitosociologia + plantensociologie + Vegetationskunde + + atmospheric emission Suspended pollutants -- solid particles, liquid aerosols, etc. -- or toxic gases released into the atmosphere from a polluting source, or type of source. émission atmosphérique - Atmosphärische Emission - atmosferische uitstoot emissioni atmosferiche + atmosferische uitstoot + Atmosphärische Emission + + @@ -40808,27 +59879,34 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. phytotoxicity phytotoxicité - Phytotoxizität - fytotoxiciteit fitotossicità + fytotoxiciteit + Phytotoxizität + + + pickling plant Plant where scale is removed from iron and steel usually by means of immersion in a hot hydrochloric or sulphuric acid bath. Wastes include spent pickling liquor, sludges and rinse water. atelier de décapage - Beizerei - inleggerij impianto di decapaggio + inleggerij + Beizerei + + satellite image A pictorial representation of data projected onto a two-dimensional grid of individual picture elements (pixels) and acquired from a human-made vessel placed in orbit round a planet, moon or star. image satellite - Satellitenbild - satellietbeeld immagine da satellite + satellietbeeld + Satellitenbild + + @@ -40836,18 +59914,22 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.atmospheric humidity A measurable quantity of the moisture content found in the earth's atmosphere. humidité de l'air - Luftfeuchtigkeit - atmosferische vochtigheid umidità atmosferica + atmosferische vochtigheid + Luftfeuchtigkeit + pilotage The service provided by a pilot, one who controls the movements of a ship or aircraft by visual or electronic means. pilotage - Lotsendienst - loodsdienst pilotaggio + loodsdienst + Lotsendienst + + + @@ -40855,36 +59937,43 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.pilot plant A small version of a planned industrial plant, built to gain experience in operating the final plant. installation pilote - Versuchsanlage - proefinstallatie impianto pilota + proefinstallatie + Versuchsanlage + + pilot project A small scale experiment or set of observations undertaken to decide how and whether to launch a full-scale project. projet pilote - Pilotprojekt - proefproject progetto pilota + proefproject + Pilotprojekt + + pinniped Belonging to the Pinnipedia, an order of aquatic placental mammals having a streamlined body and limbs specialized as flippers: includes seals, sea lions, and the walrus. pinnipèdes - Flossenfüsser - zeeroofdieren pinnipedi + zeeroofdieren + Flossenfüsser + atmospheric layering Any one of a number of strata or layers of the earth's atmosphere; temperature distribution is the most common criterion used for denoting the various shell. Also known as atmospheric shell; atmospheric region. stratification atmosphérique - Atmosphärische Schichtung - gelaagdheid van de dampkring stratificazione atmosferica + gelaagdheid van de dampkring + Atmosphärische Schichtung + + @@ -40895,9 +59984,13 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.pipeline A line of pipe connected to valves and other control devices, for conducting fluids, gases, or finely divided solids. pipeline - Rohrleitung - (pijp)leiding condotta + (pijp)leiding + Rohrleitung + + + + @@ -40905,18 +59998,24 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.pipe A tube made of metal, clay, plastic, wood, or concrete and used to conduct a fluid, gas, or finely divided solid. tuyau - Rohr - pijp conduttura + pijp + Rohr + + + + + plain An extensive, broad tract of level or rolling, almost treeless land with a shrubby vegetation, usually at a low elevation. plaine - Ebene - (laag)vlakte pianura + (laag)vlakte + Ebene + @@ -40924,9 +60023,11 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.plan A scheme of action, a method of proceeding thought out in advance. plan - Plan - plan piano + plan + Plan + + @@ -40948,18 +60049,22 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.plane source Pollution which arises from various activities with no discrete source. source plane (d'émissions) - Flächenquelle - fossiele bron sorgente piana + fossiele bron + Flächenquelle + + plankton Small organisms (animals, plants, or microbes) passively floating in water. plancton - Plankton - plankton plancton + plankton + Plankton + + @@ -40967,18 +60072,22 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.planned urban development Any physical extension of, or changes to, the uses of land in metropolitan areas following certain preparations or designs. plan de développement urbain - Geplante städtische Entwicklung - geplande stedelijke ontwikkeling sviluppo urbano pianificato + geplande stedelijke ontwikkeling + Geplante städtische Entwicklung + + + planning The act of making a detailed scheme for attaining an objective. planification - Planung - planning pianificazione + planning + Planung + @@ -40997,18 +60106,20 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.atmospheric model A simulation, pattern or plan designed to demonstrate the structure or workings of the atmosphere surrounding any object, including the Earth. modèle atmosphérique - Atmosphärisches Modell - atmosferisch model modello atmosferico + atmosferisch model + Atmosphärisches Modell + planning law A binding rule or body of rules prescribed by a government to organize, designate and regulate land use within its domain through zoning laws, subdivision regulations, rent and sign controls, growth management and other measures designed to protect human health and ecological integrity. législation sur la planification - Planungsrecht - wetgeving inzake de ruimtelijke planning legislazione sulla pianificazione + wetgeving inzake de ruimtelijke planning + Planungsrecht + @@ -41018,9 +60129,12 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.planning measure A procedure or course of action taken to design, organize or prepare for the future. mesure d'aménagement du territoire - Planungsmaßnahme - planologische maatregel misura pianificatoria + planologische maatregel + Planungsmaßnahme + + + @@ -41036,27 +60150,30 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.planning permission An authorization, license or equivalent control document issued by a government agency that approves a step by step method and process of defining, developing and outlining various possible courses of action to meet existing or future needs, goals and objectives. permis d'aménagement - Planfeststellung - bouwvergunning permesso di pianificazione + bouwvergunning + Planfeststellung + Planning-Programming-Budgeting System A system to achieve long-term goals or objectives by means of analysis and evaluation of the alternatives. PPB is designed to solve problems by finding the most effective and most efficient solution on the basis of objective criteria. rationalisation des choix budgétaires - Planning-Programming-Budgeting - plannings- en begrotings systeem sistema di bilancio per la pianificazione e la programmazione + plannings- en begrotings systeem + Planning-Programming-Budgeting + plant breeding Raising a certain type of plant by crossing one variety with another to produce a new variety where the desired characteristics are strongest. sélection des plantes - Pflanzenzucht - plantenveredeling coltivazione di piante + plantenveredeling + Pflanzenzucht + @@ -41065,9 +60182,10 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.plant community Any group of plants belonging to a number of different species that co-occur in the same habitat or area and interact through trophic and spatial relationships; typically characterized by reference to one or more dominant species. communauté végétale - Pflanzengesellschaft - plantengemeenschap comunità vegetale + plantengemeenschap + Pflanzengesellschaft + @@ -41076,9 +60194,10 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.plant component The constituent parts of a plant. partie de la plante - Pflanzenteil - plantendeel parti della pianta + plantendeel + Pflanzenteil + @@ -41090,9 +60209,11 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. plant disease pathologie végétale - Pflanzenkrankheit - planteziekte malattia delle piante + planteziekte + Pflanzenkrankheit + + @@ -41102,35 +60223,41 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.plant equipment The equipment, including machinery, tools, instruments, and fixtures necessary for an industrial or manufacturing operation. équipement d'usine - Anlagenausrüstung - fabrieksuitrusting attrezzatura per impianti + fabrieksuitrusting + Anlagenausrüstung + plant genetics The scientific study of the hereditary material of plants for purposes such as hybridization, improved food resources and increased production. génétique végétale - Pflanzengenetik - plantengenetica genetica vegetale + plantengenetica + Pflanzengenetik + + plant health care phytosanitaire - Betriebsgesundheitsfürsorge - arbeidsveiligheid cura delle piante + arbeidsveiligheid + Betriebsgesundheitsfürsorge + atmospheric monitoring A practice of continuous atmospheric sampling by various levels of government or particular industries. surveillance de l'atmosphère - Atmosphärische Überwachung - atmosferische metingen monitoraggio dell'atmosfera + atmosferische metingen + Atmosphärische Überwachung + + @@ -41140,9 +60267,12 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.plant protection product Any substance or mixture of substances which through physiological action protects the plants against parasites, fungi, virus, or other damaging factors. produit phytosanitaire - Pflanzenschutzmittel - gewasbeschermingsmiddel prodotto fitosanitario + gewasbeschermingsmiddel + Pflanzenschutzmittel + + + @@ -41150,27 +60280,31 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.plantigrade Pertaining to mammals walking with the whole sole of the foot touching the ground. plantigrades - Sohlengänger - zoolgangers plantigradi + zoolgangers + Sohlengänger + planting The establishment of trees by planting seedlings, transplants, or cuttings. plantation (d'arbres) - Bepflanzung - planten piantumazione + planten + Bepflanzung + plant physiology The study of the function and chemical reactions within the various organs of plants. physiologie des plantes - Pflanzenphysiologie - plantenfysiologie fisiologia vegetale + plantenfysiologie + Pflanzenphysiologie + + @@ -41181,27 +60315,35 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.plant protection Conservation of plant species that may be rare or endangered, and of other plants of particular significance. protection des plantes - Pflanzenschutz - gewasbescherming protezione delle piante + gewasbescherming + Pflanzenschutz + + testing of plant protection products Tests performed to establish the effectiveness of pesticides under a wide variety of climatic and other environmental conditions; to assess the possible side effects on animals, plants and humans and to determine the persistence of pesticide residues in the environment. essai de produits phytosanitaires - Pflanzenschutzmittelprüfung - testen van plantenbeschermende producten test di prodotti per la protezione delle piante + testen van plantenbeschermende producten + Pflanzenschutzmittelprüfung + + + atmospheric ozone A triatomic molecule of oxygen; a natural constituent of the atmosphere, with the highest concentrations in the ozone layer or stratosphere; it is found at a level between 15 and 30 km above the Earth, which prevents harmful ultraviolet B radiation, which causes skin cancer and threatens plant life, from reaching the ground. The fragile shield is being damaged by chemicals released on Earth. The main chemicals that are depleting stratospheric ozone are chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs), which are used in refrigerators, aerosols and as cleaners in many industries and halons, which are used in fire extinguishers. The damage is caused when these chemicals release highly reactive forms of chlorine and bromine. ozone atmosphérique - Atmosphärisches Ozon - atmosferische ozon ozono atmosferico + atmosferische ozon + Atmosphärisches Ozon + + + @@ -41212,9 +60354,10 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.plant (biology) Any living organism that typically synthesizes its food from inorganic substances, possesses cellulose cell walls, responds slowly and often permanently to a stimulus, lacks specialized sense organs and nervous system, and has no powers of locomotion. plante - Pflanze - planten piante + planten + Pflanze + @@ -41235,9 +60378,10 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.plant textile fibre Natural textile fibres of vegetal origin. fibre textile végétale - Pflanzliche Textilfaser - plantaardige textielvezels fibra tessile vegetale + plantaardige textielvezels + Pflanzliche Textilfaser + @@ -41245,9 +60389,13 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.plant trade Trade of plants is subjected to regulations established by the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species (CITES). commerce des plantes - Pflanzenhandel - handel in planten commercio di piante + handel in planten + Pflanzenhandel + + + + @@ -41257,18 +60405,21 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.1) Common name for a number of industrial applications of plasma, such as: etching of semiconductor chips, deposition of silicon for solar cell production, deposition of silicon dioxide for passivation of surfaces, activation of surfaces, melting and welding with plasma arcs as well as plasma chemistry. 2) Plasma technology consists of minute gas-filled cells, which emit light when an electric current is channelled through them. technologie du plasma - Plasmatechnik - plasma technologie tecnologia del plasma + plasma technologie + Plasmatechnik + + plastic A polymeric material (usually organic) of large molecular weight which can be shaped by flow; usually refers to the final product with fillers, plasticizers, pigments, and stabilizers included (versus the resin, the homogeneous polymeric starting material); examples are polyvinyl chloride, polyethylene, and urea-formaldehyde. plastique - Plastik - plastic plastica + plastic + Plastik + @@ -41276,9 +60427,10 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.atmospheric particulate A concentration of fine liquid or solid particles, such as dust, smoke, mist, fumes or smog, found in the atmosphere. particule atmosphérique - Atmosphärischer Schwebstoff - atmosferische deeltje materiale particolato atmosferico + atmosferische deeltje + Atmosphärischer Schwebstoff + @@ -41286,9 +60438,11 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.plastic waste Any discarded plastic (organic, or synthetic, material derived from polymers, resins or cellulose) generated by any industrial process, or by consumers. déchets plastiques - Kunststoffabfall - plasticafval rifiuto di plastica + plasticafval + Kunststoffabfall + + @@ -41296,63 +60450,77 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.platinum A ductile malleable silvery-white metallic element very resistant to heat and chemicals. It occurs free and in association with other platinum metals, especially in osmiridium; used in jewellery, laboratory apparatus, electrical contacts, dentistry, electroplating, and as a catalyst. platine - Platin - platina platino + platina + Platin + playground A piece of land used for recreation, especially by children, often including equipment such as swings and slides. terrain de jeu - Spielplatz - speelplaats parco giochi + speelplaats + Spielplatz + + atmospheric physics The study of the physical phenomena of the atmosphere. physique atmosphérique - Atmosphärische Physik - atmosferische natuurkunde fisica dell'atmosfera + atmosferische natuurkunde + Atmosphärische Physik + + plutonium A highly toxic metallic transuranic element. It occurs in trace amounts in uranium ores and is produced in a nuclear reactor by neutron bombardment of uranium-238. The most stable and important isotope, plutonium-239, readily undergoes fission and is used as a reactor fuel in nuclear power stations and in nuclear weapons. plutonium - Plutonium - plutonium plutonio + plutonium + Plutonium + poaching To catch game, fish, etc. illegally by trespassing on private property. braconnage - Wilderei - stropen bracconaggio + stropen + Wilderei + + point source Pollution from a discrete source, such as a septic tank, a sewer, a discharge type, a landfill, a factory or waste water treatment works discharging to a watercourse; stack emission from an industrial process; or spillage from an underground storage tank leaching into groundwater. source (d'émissions) ponctuelle - Punktquelle - puntbron sorgente puntiforme + puntbron + Punktquelle + + poison A substance which, when ingested, inhaled, or absorbed, or when applied to, injected into, or developed within the body, in relatively small amounts, may cause injury, harm, or destruction to organs, tissue, or life. poison - Gift - vergif veleno + vergif + Gift + + + + @@ -41360,9 +60528,10 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.poisoning The morbid condition produced by a poison which may be swallowed, inhaled, injected, or absorbed through the skin. empoisonnement - Vergiftung - vergiftiging avvelenamento + vergiftiging + Vergiftung + @@ -41373,9 +60542,11 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.atmospheric pollution The presence in the air of one or more contaminants in such a concentration and of such duration as to cause a nuisance or to be injurious to human life, animal life or vegetation. pollution atmosphérique - Atmosphärische Verunreinigung - luchtvervuiling inquinamento atmosferico + luchtvervuiling + Atmosphärische Verunreinigung + + @@ -41386,9 +60557,11 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.polar ecosystem The interacting systems of the biological communities and their nonliving environmental surroundings located in the regions where the air temperature is perennially below 10° Celsius, usually at and near the North and South Poles. écosystème polaire - Polares Ökosystem - polaire ecosystemen ecosistemi polari + polaire ecosystemen + Polares Ökosystem + + @@ -41397,9 +60570,12 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.polar region Area relating to the earth's poles or the area inside the Arctic or Antarctic Circles. région polaire - Polargebiet - poolgebied regione polare + poolgebied + Polargebiet + + + @@ -41408,9 +60584,11 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.polder A generally fertile tract of flat, low-lying land (as in Netherlands and Belgium) reclaimed and protected from the sea, a lake, a river, or other body of water by the use of embankments, dikes, dams, or levees. The term is usually reserved for coastal areas that are at or below sea level and that are constantly protected by an organized system of maintenance and defense. polder - Polder - polder polder + polder + Polder + + @@ -41418,27 +60596,32 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.police Branch of the government which is charged with the preservation of public order, the promotion of public health and safety, and the prevention, detection, and punishment of crimes. police - Polizei - politie polizia + politie + Polizei + police law A binding rule or body of rules prescribed by a government to regulate the employment and tactics of police or other civil agents organized to maintain order, prevent and detect crimes and promote obedience to civil regulations and authority. loi de police - Polizeirecht - politieverordening diritto di polizia + politieverordening + Polizeirecht + atmospheric precipitation The settling out of water from cloud in the form of dew, rain, hail, snow, etc. précipitation atmosphérique - Niederschlag - neerslag precipitazione atmosferica + neerslag + Niederschlag + + + @@ -41446,9 +60629,10 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. policy politique - Politik - beleid politica gestionale + beleid + Politik + @@ -41475,14 +60659,16 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. + politics The theory and practice of acquiring and exercising the power to govern in a society in order to arbitrate values, allocate resources and establish and enforce rules. politique - Politik (allgemein) - politiek politica + politiek + Politik (allgemein) + @@ -41492,18 +60678,20 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. policy guideline règle politique - Politische Leitlinie - beleidsregel regolamento di politica gestionale + beleidsregel + Politische Leitlinie + policy instrument The method or mechanism used by government, political parties, business or individuals to achieve a desired effect, through legal or economic means. instrument politique - Politische Instrumente - beleidsinstrumenten strumento politico + beleidsinstrumenten + Politische Instrumente + @@ -41525,9 +60713,10 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.policy integration The process of coordinating, harmonizing and unifying the goals and procedures of various offices or units of an organization. intégration stratégique - Politikvernetzung - beleidsintegratie integrazione delle politiche gestionali + beleidsintegratie + Politikvernetzung + @@ -41536,9 +60725,11 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.conservation policy The guiding procedure, philosophy or course of action for preserving and renewing human and natural resources. politique de conservation de la nature - Naturschutzpolitik - (milieu)beschermingsbeleid politica di conservazione + (milieu)beschermingsbeleid + Naturschutzpolitik + + @@ -41548,18 +60739,20 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.policy planning The process of making arrangements or preparations to facilitate any course of action that may be adopted and pursued by government, business or some other organization. planification politique - Politikplanung - beleidsplanning pianificazione delle politiche + beleidsplanning + Politikplanung + political counselling activité de conseil dans le domaine politique - Politikberatung - politieke raadgeving consultazione politica + politieke raadgeving + Politikberatung + @@ -41567,35 +60760,39 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.political doctrine A policy, position or principle advocated, taught or put into effect concerning the acquisition and exercise of the power to govern or administrate in society. doctrine politique - Politische Lehrmeinung - politieke doctrine dottrina politica + politieke doctrine + Politische Lehrmeinung + political ecology écologie politique - Politische Ökologie - politieke ecologie ecologia politica + politieke ecologie + Politische Ökologie + political geography The study of the effects of political actions on human geography, involving the spatial analysis of political phenomena. géographie politique - Politische Geographie - politieke geografie geografia politica + politieke geografie + Politische Geographie + political organisation A group of persons organized to seek or exercise power in governmental or public affairs, by supporting candidates for office or by lobbying for action and mobilizing support for bills or governmental policies. organisation politique - Politische Organisation - politieke organisatie organizzazione politica + politieke organisatie + Politische Organisation + @@ -41604,27 +60801,32 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.political party An organized group that has as its fundamental aim the attainment of political power and public office for its designated leaders. Usually, a political party will advertise a common commitment by its leaders and its membership to a set of political, social, economic and/or cultural values. parti politique - Politische Partei - politieke partij partito politico + politieke partij + Politische Partei + political power The might, ability or authority of governments, citizens groups and other interested parties in enacting change or in influencing or controlling the outcome of governmental or public policies affecting a nation, region or municipality. pouvoir politique - Politische Macht - politieke macht potere politico + politieke macht + Politische Macht + atmospheric process Atmospheric processes are distinguished in physical and chemical processes and both types may be operating simultaneously in complicated and interdependent ways. The physical processes of transport by atmospheric winds and the formation of clouds and precipitation strongly influence the patterns and rates of acidic deposition, while chemical reactions govern the forms of the compounds deposited. phénomène atmosphérique - Atmosphärischer Vorgang - meteorologisch processen processi atmosferici + meteorologisch processen + Atmosphärischer Vorgang + + + @@ -41634,9 +60836,10 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.pollen Microspores of seed-producing plants. Each pollen grain contains a much-reduced male gametophyte. Pollen grains are transferred by wind, water, birds or other animals. pollen - Pollen - stuifmeel polline + stuifmeel + Pollen + @@ -41644,9 +60847,10 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.pollutant Any substance, usually a residue of human activity, which has an undesirable effect upon the environment. polluant - Schadstoff - verontreinigende stoffen inquinanti + verontreinigende stoffen + Schadstoff + @@ -41670,9 +60874,10 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.pollutant absorption The process by which a pollutant is physically incorporated into another substance or body. absorption de polluant - Schadstoffaufnahme - opname van verontreinigende stoffen assorbimento di inquinanti + opname van verontreinigende stoffen + Schadstoffaufnahme + @@ -41680,9 +60885,10 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.pollutant accumulation The process by which concentrations of pollutants progressively increase in the tissues of living organisms in environments where these pollutants are present. accumulation de polluant - Schadstoffakkumulation - opstapeling van verontreinigende stoffen accumulo di inquinanti + opstapeling van verontreinigende stoffen + Schadstoffakkumulation + @@ -41691,18 +60897,22 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.pollutant analysis The determination of the composition of any substance that causes pollution, using classical laboratory techniques and other methods involving analytical chemistry. analyse de polluant - Schadstoffanalyse - analyse verontreinigende stoffen analisi degli inquinanti + analyse verontreinigende stoffen + Schadstoffanalyse + + atmospheric science The atmospheric sciences study the dynamics, physics and chemistry of atmospheric phenomena and processes, including the interactions of the atmosphere with soil physics, hydrology and oceanic circulation. The research focuses on the following areas: turbulence and convection, atmospheric radiation and remote sensing, aerosol and cloud physics and chemistry, planetary atmospheres, air-sea interactions, climate, and statistical meteorology. science de l'atmosphère - Atmosphärische Wissenschaften - atmosferische wetenschappen scienze dell'atmosfera + atmosferische wetenschappen + Atmosphärische Wissenschaften + + @@ -41710,9 +60920,10 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. pollutant assessment évaluation des polluants - Schadstoffbewertung - inschatting van een verontreinigende stof valutazione degli inquinanti + inschatting van een verontreinigende stof + Schadstoffbewertung + @@ -41722,9 +60933,10 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. pollutant behaviour comportement des polluants - Schadstoffverhalten - gedraging van verontreinigende stoffen comportamento degli inquinanti + gedraging van verontreinigende stoffen + Schadstoffverhalten + @@ -41738,18 +60950,20 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.pollutant concentration A measure of the amount of a polluting substance in a given amount of water, soil, air, food or other medium. concentration de polluant - Schadstoffkonzentration - gehalte aan verontreinigende stoffen concentrazione di inquinanti + gehalte aan verontreinigende stoffen + Schadstoffkonzentration + pollutant degradation The physical, chemical or biological breakdown of a complex polluting material into simpler components. dégradation des polluants - Schadstoffabbau - afbraak van verontreinigende stoffen degradazione degli inquinanti + afbraak van verontreinigende stoffen + Schadstoffabbau + @@ -41759,18 +60973,20 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.pollutant deposition The act or process in which polluting agents settle or accumulate naturally in ecosystems. retombée des polluants - Schadstoffdeposition - afzetting van verontreinigende stoffen deposizione di inquinanti + afzetting van verontreinigende stoffen + Schadstoffdeposition + pollutant dispersion The spreading of pollutants from a point of release in air, soil and water. The dispersion of air pollutants is heavily influenced by how and where the pollutant is emitted, e.g., by continuous low-level versus accidental releases, multiple stacks versus a few, or the height of the stacks. The nature of the local terrain meteorology and the chemistry of the released material strongly influence the pattern of regional and, finally, global dispersion and transport. diffusion de polluant - Schadstoffausbreitung - verstooiing van verontreinigende stoffen dispersione degli inquinanti + verstooiing van verontreinigende stoffen + Schadstoffausbreitung + @@ -41779,9 +60995,10 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.pollutant distribution Arrangement, or pattern, associated with the occurrence of pollutants over a geographical area. distribution des polluants - Schadstoffverteilung - verdeling van verontreinigende stoffen distribuzione degli inquinanti + verdeling van verontreinigende stoffen + Schadstoffverteilung + @@ -41790,9 +61007,11 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.atmospheric structure The gaseous area surrounding the planet is divided into several concentric spherical strata (layers, like shells) separated by narrow transition zones. The boundaries are know as "pause". More than 99% of the total atmospheric mass is concentrated in the first 40 km from the Earth's surface. Atmospheric layers are characterized by differences in chemical composition that produce variations in temperature. structure atmosphérique - Atmosphärischer Aufbau - structuur van de dampkring struttura dell'atmosfera + structuur van de dampkring + Atmosphärischer Aufbau + + @@ -41803,9 +61022,10 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.pollutant elimination The process of completely removing a pollutant's source as well as the pollutant itself. élimination de polluant - Schadstoffelimination - verwijdering van verontreinigende stoffen eliminazione degli inquinanti + verwijdering van verontreinigende stoffen + Schadstoffelimination + @@ -41816,9 +61036,10 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.pollutant emission Release of polluting substances in the air, water and soil from a given source and measured at the immission point. émission de polluant - Schadstoffemission - uitstoot van verontreinigende stoffen emissione di inquinanti + uitstoot van verontreinigende stoffen + Schadstoffemission + @@ -41834,27 +61055,34 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.pollutant exposure The act or state of being subjected to a substance that adversely affects human health, property or the environment. exposition aux polluants - Schadstoffexposition - blootstelling aan verontreinigende stoffen esposizione agli inquinanti + blootstelling aan verontreinigende stoffen + Schadstoffexposition + + + pollutant formation The act or process in which polluting agents are created, produced or formed. formation des polluants - Schadstoffbildung - vorming van verontreinigende stoffen formazione di inquinanti + vorming van verontreinigende stoffen + Schadstoffbildung + pollutant immission The transfer of solid, liquid, or gaseous contaminants in the air, water, and soil. immission des polluants - Schadstoffimmission - immissies van verontreinigende stoffen immissione di inquinanti + immissies van verontreinigende stoffen + Schadstoffimmission + + + @@ -41862,35 +61090,39 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.pollutant immobilisation The treatment process used to reduce the solubility of pollutants in order to minimize possible migration or leaching or to prepare for their disposal. immobilisation des polluants - Schadstoffimmobilisierung - binding van verontreinigende stoffen immobilizzazione degli inquinanti + binding van verontreinigende stoffen + Schadstoffimmobilisierung + pollutant level A value representing the concentration of a polluting agent in a specified area, often determined by a measuring and recording device. niveau de présence d'un polluant - Schadstoffkonzentration - verontreinigingsgraad livello degli inquinanti + verontreinigingsgraad + Schadstoffkonzentration + pollutant load The amount of polluting material that a transporting agent, such as a stream, a glacier, or the wind, is actually carrying at a given time. charge de polluant - Schadstoffbelastung - verontreinigingsbelasting (druk) carico inquinante + verontreinigingsbelasting (druk) + Schadstoffbelastung + pollutant mobilisation mobilisation des polluants - Schadstoffmobilisierung - het vrijkomen van verontreinigende stoffen mobilizzazione degli inquinanti + het vrijkomen van verontreinigende stoffen + Schadstoffmobilisierung + @@ -41898,9 +61130,13 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.pollutant monitoring Periodic or continuous determination of the amount of pollutants present in the environment. surveillance des polluants - Schadstoffüberwachung - meting van verontreinigende stoffen monitoraggio degli inquinanti + meting van verontreinigende stoffen + Schadstoffüberwachung + + + + @@ -41910,9 +61146,10 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.pollutant pathway The retraceable route of a pollutant, from its source, through its interactions with the environment, and finally to its effect upon a target ecosystem or target organisms. cheminement des polluants - Schadstoffverbleib - pad gevolgd door verontreinigende stoffen percorso degli inquinanti + pad gevolgd door verontreinigende stoffen + Schadstoffverbleib + @@ -41926,52 +61163,61 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.pollutant reduction All measures aimed at reducing pollutants often through physical or chemical removal of toxic, or potentially toxic, materials. diminution de la quantité de polluants - Schadstoffminderung - terugdringen van milieuverontreiniging riduzione degli inquinanti + terugdringen van milieuverontreiniging + Schadstoffminderung + pollutant remobilisation remise en mouvement des polluants - Schadstoffremobilisierung - het opnieuw vrijkomen van verontreinigende stoffen ri-mobilizzazione degli inquinanti + het opnieuw vrijkomen van verontreinigende stoffen + Schadstoffremobilisierung + pollutant source identification identification de la source de pollution - Bestimmung der Schadstoffquelle - vaststelling verontreinigingsbronnen identificazione delle fonti inquinanti + vaststelling verontreinigingsbronnen + Bestimmung der Schadstoffquelle + + polluted matter A solid, liquid or gas that has been contaminated, rendered impure or made unsafe for use. matière polluée - Schmutzstoff - verontreinigd materiaal materiale inquinato + verontreinigd materiaal + Schmutzstoff + polluter-pays principle The principle that those causing pollution should meet the costs to which it gives rise. principe pollueur payeur - Verursacherprinzip - het vervuiler betaalt-principe principio inquinatore-pagatore + het vervuiler betaalt-principe + Verursacherprinzip + + + pollution The indirect or direct alteration of the biological, thermal, physical, or radioactive properties of any medium in such a way as to create a hazard or potential hazard to human health or to the health, safety or welfare of any living species. pollution - Verunreinigung - verontreiniging inquinamento + verontreiniging + Verunreinigung + @@ -41986,9 +61232,12 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.pollution abatement The reduction in degree or intensity of pollution in soil, rivers, lakes, seas, atmosphere, etc. réduction de la pollution - Bekämpfung der Verschmutzung - bestrijding van (milieu)verontreiniging abbattimento dell'inquinamento + bestrijding van (milieu)verontreiniging + Bekämpfung der Verschmutzung + + + @@ -42001,9 +61250,13 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.pollution abatement equipment Equipment for the reduction in degree or intensity of pollution. moyens de réduction de la pollution - Umweltschutzanlage - uitrusting voor de bestrijding van milieuverontreiniging apparecchiatura per il disinquinamento + uitrusting voor de bestrijding van milieuverontreiniging + Umweltschutzanlage + + + + @@ -42015,9 +61268,12 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.pollution control Chemical and physical methods to lessen discharges of most pollutants; for carbon dioxide there is, at present, no economic or practical way to reduce the quantities discharged except by reduced fossil fuel usage. Most specific means for removing pollutants from emissions include flue-gas desulphurisation, fluidised combustion, catalytic converters and the redesign of equipment, such as furnace burners and car engines, to lessen the production of pollutants. lutte contre la pollution - Emissionsminderung - beheersing van milieuverontreiniging controllo dell'inquinamento + beheersing van milieuverontreiniging + Emissionsminderung + + + @@ -42027,9 +61283,12 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.pollution control equipment Devices for the reduction and/or removal of those emissions to the environment which have the potential to cause pollution. équipement de lutte contre la pollution - Umweltschutzgerät - uitrusting voor de beheersing van milieuverontreiniging dispositivo per il controllo dell'inquinamento + uitrusting voor de beheersing van milieuverontreiniging + Umweltschutzgerät + + + @@ -42037,9 +61296,11 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.pollution control regulation A body of rules or orders prescribed by government, management or an international organization or treaty in which limits are established for the emission of substances that harm or adversely alter the environment and human health. réglementation de lutte contre la pollution - Umweltschutzvorschrift - regelgeving milieuverontreiniging disposizioni sul controllo dell'inquinamento + regelgeving milieuverontreiniging + Umweltschutzvorschrift + + @@ -42047,9 +61308,11 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.pollution control technology Methods used to reduce the amount of contaminants discharged from a source. technologie de lutte contre la pollution - Umweltschutztechnik - technologie voor de bestrijding van milieuverontreiniging tecnologia per la gestione dell'inquinamento + technologie voor de bestrijding van milieuverontreiniging + Umweltschutztechnik + + @@ -42057,18 +61320,21 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.pollution criterion Standard established for certain pollutants which limits their concentration. critère de pollution - Verschmutzungskriterien - verontreinigingscriteria criteri di inquinamento + verontreinigingscriteria + Verschmutzungskriterien + + pollution effect The main pollution effects concern human health and cover all aspects of the physical environment - air, water and land, including the effects of climate change. Human activities which are sources of pollution arise from domestic, commercial, industrial and military sectors and their effects are influenced by various issues, trends and public sector programmes, such as safe water and food, management of waste, increasing use of chemicals in agriculture, and urbanization. Types of pollutants which are negatively impacting health include litter, toxic chemicals, nuclear waste, lead, spoil from mining, food and water contaminants; and the polluting effects of over-population. effet de pollution - Auswirkung der Verunreinigung - gevolgen van milieuverontreiniging effetto dell'inquinamento + gevolgen van milieuverontreiniging + Auswirkung der Verunreinigung + @@ -42079,27 +61345,37 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.pollution indicator Organisms, mostly plants, which are most sensitive to slight changes in environmental factors. When identified their reaction can serve as an early warning of the endangerment of the health of a community. indicateur de pollution - Verschmutzungsindikator - indicator van milieuverontreiniging indicatore d'inquinamento + indicator van milieuverontreiniging + Verschmutzungsindikator + + + + pollution liability Liability for injuries arising from the release of hazardous substances or pollutants or contaminants. responsabilité de la pollution - Umwelthaftung - aansprakelijkheid voor milieuverontreiniging responsabilità per l'inquinamento + aansprakelijkheid voor milieuverontreiniging + Umwelthaftung + + pollution load The amount of stress placed upon an ecosystem by pollution, physical or chemical, released into it by man-made or natural means. charge polluante - Schadstoffbelastung - verontreinigingswaarde carico di inquinamento + verontreinigingswaarde + Schadstoffbelastung + + + + @@ -42113,9 +61389,11 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.pollution measurement The assessment of the concentration of pollutants for a given time in a given point. mesure de pollution - Schadstoffmessung - meting milieuverontreiniging misura dell'inquinamento + meting milieuverontreiniging + Schadstoffmessung + + @@ -42124,9 +61402,13 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.pollution monitoring The quantitative or qualitative measure of the presence, effect or level of any polluting substance in air, water or soil. surveillance de la pollution - Umweltmonitoring - bemonstering milieuverontreiniging monitoraggio dell'inquinamento + bemonstering milieuverontreiniging + Umweltmonitoring + + + + @@ -42134,36 +61416,47 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. pollution norm norme de pollution - Schadstoffnorm - milieuverontreinigingsnorm norme sull'inquinamento + milieuverontreinigingsnorm + Schadstoffnorm + + + + pollution risk Probability of harm to human health, property or the environment posed by the introduction of an undesirable substance into the ecosystem. risque de pollution - Umweltverschmutzungsrisiko - milieuverontreinigingsrisico rischio di inquinamento + milieuverontreinigingsrisico + Umweltverschmutzungsrisiko + + pollution sink Vehicle for removal of a chemical or gas from the atmosphere-biosphere-ocean system, in which the substance is absorbed into a permanent or semi-permanent repository, or else transformed into another substance. A carbon sink, for example, might be the ocean (which absorbs and holds carbon from other parts of carbon cycle) or photosynthesis (which converts atmospheric carbon into plant material). Sinks are a fundamental factor in the ongoing balance which determines the concentration of every greenhouse gas in the atmosphere. If the sink is greater than the sources of a gas, its concentration in the atmosphere will decrease; if the source is greater than the sink, the concentration will increase. puits de pollution - Schadstoffsenke - plaats waar milieuverontreiniging in de bodem doordringt bacino di inquinamento + plaats waar milieuverontreiniging in de bodem doordringt + Schadstoffsenke + + + source of pollution The place, places or areas from where a pollutant is released into the atmosphere or water, or where noise is generated. A source can be classified as point source, i.e. a large individual generator of pollution, an area source, or a line source, e.g. vehicle emissions and noise. source de pollution - Schadstoffquelle - bron van (milieu)verontreiniging fonte di inquinamento + bron van (milieu)verontreiniging + Schadstoffquelle + + @@ -42175,18 +61468,20 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.polybrominated biphenyl A chemical substance the composition of which, without regard to impurities, consists of brominated biphenyl molecules. polybromobiphényle - Polybrombiphenyl - polybroombifenyl bifenili polibromurati + polybroombifenyl + Polybrombiphenyl + polychlorinated biphenyl PCBs are a family of chemical compounds which do not exist in nature but which are man-made. Commercial mixtures are clear, pale yellow liquids, manufactured by the replacement of hydrogen atoms on the biphenyl molecule by chlorine. Because of their physical properties, PCBs are commonly found in electrical equipment which requires dielectric fluid such as power transformers and capacitors, as well as in hydraulic machinery, vacuum pumps, compressors and heat-exchanger fluids. Other uses include: lubricants, fluorescent light ballasts, paints, glues, waxes, carbonless copy paper, inks including newspapers, dust-control agents for dirt roads, solvents for spreading insecticides, cutting oils. PCBs are stable compounds and although they are no longer manufactured they are extremely persistent and remain in huge quantities in the atmosphere and in landfill sites. They are not water-soluble and float on the surface of water where they are eaten by aquatic animals and so enter the food chain. PCBs are fat-soluble, and are therefore easy to take into the system, but difficult to excrete. polychlorobiphényle - Polychlorbiphenyl - polychloorbifenyl bifenili policlorurati + polychloorbifenyl + Polychlorbiphenyl + @@ -42194,36 +61489,40 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.polychlordibenzo-p-dioxin PCDD are formed (along with variants including furans) when compounds containing chlorine are burnt at low temperature in improperly operated/designed domestic refuse and industrial waste incinerators where PCDDs can be found in both the flue gases and the fly ash. dioxine-p de dibenzofuranne polychloré - Polychloriertes Dibenzo-p-Dioxin - polychloordibenzo-p-dioxine policlorodibenzo-p-diossina + polychloordibenzo-p-dioxine + Polychloriertes Dibenzo-p-Dioxin + polychlorinated dibenzofuran A family containing 135 individual, colorless compounds known as congeners with varying harmful health and environmental effects. They are produced as unwanted compounds during the manufacture of several chemicals and consumer products such as wood treatment chemicals, some metals, and paper products; also produced from the burning of municipal and industrial waste in incinerators, from exhaust of leaded gasoline, heat, or production of electricity. They are hazardous to the respiratory system, gastrointestinal system, liver, musculoskeletal system, skin and nervous system; and are toxic by inhalation, ingestion, and contact. Symptoms of exposure include frequent coughing, severe respiratory infections, chronic bronchitis, abdominal pain, muscle pain, acne rashes, skin color changes, unexpected weight loss, nonmalignant or malignant liver disease. polychlorodibenzofurane - Polychlordibenzofuran - polychloordibenzofuraan dibenzofurani policlorurati + polychloordibenzofuraan + Polychlordibenzofuran + polychlorinated terphenyl Compounds consisting of three benzene rings linked to each other in either ortho, meta or para positions and substituted with chlorine atoms. polychloroterphényle - Polychlorterphenyle - polychloorterfenyl terfenili policlorurati + polychloorterfenyl + Polychlorterphenyle + polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon Hydrocarbons containing two or more closed rings of atoms. hydrocarbure aromatique polycyclique - Polyzyklische aromatische Kohlenwasserstoffe - polycyclische aromatische koolwaterstof idrocarburi aromatici policiclici + polycyclische aromatische koolwaterstof + Polyzyklische aromatische Kohlenwasserstoffe + @@ -42232,9 +61531,10 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.polycyclic hydrocarbon Hydrocarbon molecule with two or more nuclei; examples are naphtalene, with two benzene rings side by side, or diphenyl, with two bond-connected benzene rings. Also known as polynuclear hydrocarbon. hydrocarbure polycyclique - Polyzyklischer Kohlenwasserstoff - polycyclische koolwaterstof idrocarburi policiclici + polycyclische koolwaterstof + Polyzyklischer Kohlenwasserstoff + @@ -42243,9 +61543,10 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.1) A thermoplastic polyester resin made from ethylene glycol and terephthalic acid; melts at 265°C; used to make films or fibers. 2) Type of plastic used to make artificial fibres and plastic bottles, which can be recycled. polyéthylène téréphtalate - Polyäthylenterephtalat - polyethyleentereftalaat polietilentereftalato + polyethyleentereftalaat + Polyäthylenterephtalat + @@ -42253,18 +61554,21 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.1) The bonding of two or more monomers to produce a polymer. 2) Any chemical reaction that produces such a bonding. polymérisation - Polymerisation - polymerisatie polimerizzazione + polymerisatie + Polymerisation + polymer Substance made of giant molecules formed by the union of simple molecules (monomers). polymère - Polymer - polymeer polimeri + polymeer + Polymer + + @@ -42272,9 +61576,11 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.polyvinyl chloride Polymer of vinyl chloride; tasteless, odourless; insoluble in most organic solvents; a member of the family of vinyl resins. polychlorure de vinyle - Polyvinylchlorid - polyvinylchloride cloruro di polivinile + polyvinylchloride + Polyvinylchlorid + + @@ -42282,36 +61588,42 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.pond A natural body of standing fresh water occupying a small surface depression, usually smaller than a lake and larger than a pool. étang - Weiher - vijver stagno + vijver + Weiher + + tailings pond Any collection of liquid effluents or wastewater drained or separated out during the processing of crops or mineral ores. bassin de décantation des résidus - Bergeteich - afvalvijver bacino di decantazione degli sterili di miniera + afvalvijver + Bergeteich + pool A small, natural body of standing water, usually fresh; e.g. a stagnant body of water in a marsh, or a still body of water within a cave. mare - Tümpel - vijver pozza + vijver + Tümpel + + population distribution The density, dispersal pattern and apportionment of the total number of persons in any area. distribution démographique - Bevölkerungsverteilung - bevolkingsspreiding distribuzione della popolazione + bevolkingsspreiding + Bevölkerungsverteilung + @@ -42319,18 +61631,20 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.population dynamics The process of numerical and structural change within populations resulting from births, deaths, and movements. dynamique de population - Populationsdynamik - bevolkingsdemografie dinamica della popolazione + bevolkingsdemografie + Populationsdynamik + population (ecological) A group of organisms of one species, occupying a defined area. population (écologique) - Population - populatie (ecologisch) popolazione (ecologia) + populatie (ecologisch) + Population + @@ -42340,27 +61654,31 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.population ecology The study of the interaction of a particular species or genus population with its environment. écologie des populations - Populationsökologie - populatie-ecologie ecologia delle popolazioni + populatie-ecologie + Populationsökologie + + population growth An increase in the total number of inhabitants of a country, city, district or area. accroissement de la population - Bevölkerungswachstum - bevolkingsgroei crescita della popolazione + bevolkingsgroei + Bevölkerungswachstum + population movement Any shift or migration of a statistically significant number of persons inhabiting a country, district or area. mouvement de population - Bevölkerungsbewegung - bevolkingsontwikkeling movimento di popolazioni + bevolkingsontwikkeling + Bevölkerungsbewegung + @@ -42368,9 +61686,10 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.population structure The organization of, and inter-relationships among, inhabitants of a given region, country or city. structure de la population - Bevölkerungsstruktur - bevolkingsstructuur struttura della popolazione + bevolkingsstructuur + Bevölkerungsstruktur + @@ -42383,9 +61702,10 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.population trend The direction of change in the total number of persons inhabiting a country, city, district or area. évolution démographique - Bevölkerungsentwicklung - bevolkingstrend tendenza della popolazione + bevolkingstrend + Bevölkerungsentwicklung + @@ -42394,45 +61714,55 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.post-treatment Treatment of treated water or wastewater to improve the water quality. post-traitement - Nachbehandlung - nabehandeling post-trattamento + nabehandeling + Nachbehandlung + + + attribution Under certain circumstances, the tax law applies attribution rules to assign to one taxpayer the ownership interest of another taxpayer. attribution - Zuteilung - toekenning attribuzione + toekenning + Zuteilung + potash Any of several compounds containing potassium, especially soluble compounds such as potassium oxide, potassium chloride, and various potassium sulfates, used chiefly in fertilizers. potasse - Pottasche - potas potassa + potas + Pottasche + + rock salt mining Rock salt mining is an underground mining process in which the salt is physically dug out of the ground in an operation involving drilling, blasting and crushing the rock. The major percentage of this output is used for winter road maintenance. exploitation minière de potasse et de sel gemme - Kali- und Steinsalzbergbau - kali- en steenzoutmijnbouw estrazione di salgemma + kali- en steenzoutmijnbouw + Kali- und Steinsalzbergbau + + poultry Domesticated fowl grown for their meat and eggs. volaille - Geflügel - pluimvee pollame + pluimvee + Geflügel + + @@ -42440,9 +61770,11 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.poultry farming One of the commonest of agricultural occupations. Many urban households and many farms maintain some chickens for both meat and eggs. ferme avicole - Geflügelfarm - pluimveefokkerij allevamento di pollame + pluimveefokkerij + Geflügelfarm + + @@ -42450,9 +61782,11 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.poverty State in which the individual lacks the resources necessary for subsistence. pauvreté - Armut - armoede povertà + armoede + Armut + + @@ -42460,18 +61794,23 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.power company Company which is responsible for the supply and distribution of electric energy to a given area. compagnie d'électricité - Energieversorgungsunternehmen - energiebedrijf ente per l'energia + energiebedrijf + Energieversorgungsunternehmen + + + power-heat relation The ratio of the work done by an engine to the heat supplied. ratio chaleur/ énergie fournie - Wärme-Kraft-Beziehung - warmte-krachtkoppeling relazione calore-lavoro + warmte-krachtkoppeling + Wärme-Kraft-Beziehung + + @@ -42479,9 +61818,12 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.power station A stationary plant containing apparatus for large-scale conversion of some form of energy (such as hydraulic, steam, chemical, or nuclear energy) into electrical energy. centrale électrique - Kraftwerk - elektriciteitscentrale centrale elettrica + elektriciteitscentrale + Kraftwerk + + + @@ -42491,9 +61833,12 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.precipitation (chemical) The process of producing a separable solid phase within a liquid medium; represents the formation of a new condensed phase, such as a vapour or gas condensing to liquid droplets; a new solid phase gradually precipitates within a solid alloy as a result of slow, inner chemical reaction; in analytical chemistry, precipitation is used to separate a solid phase in an aqueous solution. précipitation (chimique) - Fällung - neerslag precipitazione chimica + neerslag + Fällung + + + @@ -42501,36 +61846,41 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.precipitation enhancement Increase of precipitation resulting from changes in the colloidal stability of clouds. This can be either intentional, as with cloud seeding, or unintentional, as with air pollution, which increases aerosol concentrations and reduces sunlight. intensification des précipitations - Niederschlagserhöhung - neerslagbevordering aumento delle precipitazioni + neerslagbevordering + Niederschlagserhöhung + predator Animal which kills and eats other animals. prédateur - Prädator - roofdier predatore + roofdier + Prädator + prefabricated building Building whose sections are manufactured in specialized factories and later transported and assembled on a building site. bâtiment préfabriqué - Fertigbau - geprefabriceerd gebouw edificio prefabbricato + geprefabriceerd gebouw + Fertigbau + audiovisual media Any means of communication transmitted to both the sense of hearing and the sense of sight, especially technologies directed to large audiences. audiovisuel - Audiovisuelle Medien - audiovisuele media mezzi audiovisivi + audiovisuele media + Audiovisuelle Medien + + @@ -42538,44 +61888,51 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.preliminary proceedings Any introductory action in the judicial process designed to determine the need for further court involvement or to expedite a motion that requires immediate attention. procédure préliminaire - Vorverfahren - inleidende procedure procedimento preliminare + inleidende procedure + Vorverfahren + premium Amount to be paid for a contract of insurance or life assurance. prime - Prämie - toeslag premio (assicurativo) + toeslag + Prämie + + preservation of evidence To maintain and keep safe from harm, destruction or decay any species of proof legally presented at the trial of an issue, including witnesses, records, documents, exhibits and concrete objects. conservation de la preuve - Beweissicherung - het bewaren van bewijsmateriaal conservazione delle prove + het bewaren van bewijsmateriaal + Beweissicherung + preservative A chemical added to foodstuffs to prevent oxidation, fermentation or other deterioration, usually by inhibiting the growth of bacteria. agent conservateur - Konservierungsmittel - bederfwerend middel conservante + bederfwerend middel + Konservierungsmittel + + preserve conserve - Konserve - handhaven conserva + handhaven + Konserve + @@ -42583,27 +61940,32 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.press Printed matter as a whole, especially newspapers and periodicals. presse écrite - Presse - pers stampa + pers + Presse + + pressing The application of a pressure to squeeze out the juice or contents of a fruit, seed, etc. pressage - Pressen - persen spremitura + persen + Pressen + + pressure A type of stress which is exerted uniformly in all directions; its measure is the force exerted per unit area. pression - Druck - druk pressione + druk + Druck + @@ -42613,9 +61975,10 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.pressure group Any politically active group with a common set of values about resource use allocation. Pressure groups seek to influence decisions on resource use allocation in excess of their proportional representation in the planned-for populace by seeking preferential consideration for their resource use choices. groupe de pression - Interessengruppe - belangengroep gruppo di pressione + belangengroep + Interessengruppe + @@ -42625,9 +61988,10 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.actinide A group of 15 radioactive elements some of which occur naturally while others are produced in nuclear reactions. They include plutonium, americium and neptunium. The health hazard presented by the actinides, if they are released into the environment, comes from the potency of their radioactive characteristics. They are alpha-emitters, and therefore can cause intense localized damage in tissues if absorbed into the body. actinide - Actinoid - actinide attinidi + actinide + Actinoid + @@ -42636,9 +62000,10 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. preventive health measure mesure préventive en matière de santé - Gesundheitsvorsorge - preventieve maatregel op het gebied van de gezondheid misura sanitaria preventiva + preventieve maatregel op het gebied van de gezondheid + Gesundheitsvorsorge + @@ -42648,9 +62013,12 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.price The amount of money paid per unit for a good or service. prix - Preis - prijs prezzo + prijs + Preis + + + @@ -42664,18 +62032,21 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.pricing policy of resources The guiding procedure or philosophy for decisions regarding the monetary rate or value of a country or region's resources, including natural resources, human resources and capital, or man-made goods. politique de prix des ressources - Preispolitik über Ressourcen - prijzenbeleid inzake grondstoffen politica dei prezzi delle risorse + prijzenbeleid inzake grondstoffen + Preispolitik über Ressourcen + + authority body An organized assemblage of authorized persons or officials empowered to implement and enforce laws, oversee jurisdictions, settle disputes, adjudicate or make some other legal determination. corps exécutif - Behörde - gezagsdragende instelling autorità + gezagsdragende instelling + Behörde + @@ -42689,18 +62060,21 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.primary education The first five or six years of instruction in elementary schools. enseignement primaire - Primarstufe - primair onderwijs istruzione elementare + primair onderwijs + Primarstufe + primary energy consumption Consumption of energy used in the same form as in its naturally occurring state, for example crude oil, coal, natural gas, e.g. before it is converted into electricity. consommation d'énergie primaire - Primärenergieverbrauch - primair energieverbruik consumo di energia primaria + primair energieverbruik + Primärenergieverbrauch + + @@ -42708,18 +62082,20 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.primary sector That part of a country's or region's economy that makes direct use of natural resources, including agriculture, forestry, fishing and the fuel, metal and mining industries. secteur primaire - Primärsektor - primaire sector settore primario + primaire sector + Primärsektor + authorisation An official certification of competence or a transfer of the right and power to act, including permission from government to use state funds for a particular program or project. autorisation - Ermächtigung - machtiging autorizzazione + machtiging + Ermächtigung + @@ -42727,27 +62103,31 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.primate Order of mammals containing monkeys, apes, and human beings. primates - Primaten - primaten primati + primaten + Primaten + primary forest Forest which originally covered a region before changes in the environment brought about by people. forêt primaire - Primärwald - oerbos foresta primaria + oerbos + Primärwald + + precautionary principle Principle adopted by the UN Conference on Environment and Development (1992) that in order to protect the environment, a precautionary approach should be widely applied, meaning that where there are threats of serious or irreversible damage to the environment, lack of full scientific certainty should not be used as a reason for postponing cost-effective measures to prevent environmental degradation. principe de précaution - Vorsorgeprinzip - voorzorgsbeginsel principio precauzionale + voorzorgsbeginsel + Vorsorgeprinzip + @@ -42756,9 +62136,11 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.principle of sustainability Principle stated by the World Commission on Environment and Development (The Bruntland Commission) in 1987: development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the needs of future generations. Sustainable development is a process of integrating economic, social and ecological goals, and should not mean a trade-off between the environment and development. Sustainable development should imply balance rather than conflict. principe de durabilité - Nachhaltigkeitsprinzip - duurzaamheidsbeginsel principio dello sviluppo sostenibile + duurzaamheidsbeginsel + Nachhaltigkeitsprinzip + + @@ -42767,63 +62149,73 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.printing industry A sector of the economy in which an aggregate of commercial enterprises is engaged in the reproduction of written text or images in multiple copies such as books, periodicals, newspapers or other similar formats. secteur de l'imprimerie - Druckindustrie - drukkerij-industrie industria grafica + drukkerij-industrie + Druckindustrie + printing work The art, process or business of producing reproductions of written text or images in multiple copies, in book, periodical or newspaper formats, or in other similar formats. imprimerie - Druckerei - drukkerij tipografia + drukkerij + Druckerei + prior informed consent consentement suite à information - Vorherige Zustimmung nach Inkenntnissetzung - voorafgaandelijke overeenstemming consenso previa informazione + voorafgaandelijke overeenstemming + Vorherige Zustimmung nach Inkenntnissetzung + prior notification for hazardous waste transport A formal announcement and, often, a request for permission to the proper governmental authorities of the intention to convey across political borders potentially harmful materials that have been left over from manufacturing or testing processes. autorisation préalable au transport de déchets dangereux - Gefahrguttransportanmeldung - voorafgaandelijke melding voor giftig afval notifica preliminare per il trasporto di rifiuti pericolosi + voorafgaandelijke melding voor giftig afval + Gefahrguttransportanmeldung + + private car Transportation mean belonging to an individual person. véhicule personnel - Personenkraftwagen - personenwagen veicolo privato + personenwagen + Personenkraftwagen + + + private household Living quarters where a group of persons (family) live together. ménage particulier - Privathaushalt - gezinshuishouden abitazione privata + gezinshuishouden + Privathaushalt + private law The branch of law dealing with such aspects of relationships between individuals that are of no direct concern to the state. droit privé - Privatrecht - privaatrecht diritto privato + privaatrecht + Privatrecht + @@ -42831,9 +62223,10 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.autoecology That part of ecology which deals with individual species and their reactions to environmental factors. autoécologie - Autoökologie - auto-ecologie autoecologia + auto-ecologie + Autoökologie + @@ -42850,45 +62243,51 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.private sector Segment of the economy not run by government, including households, sole traders, partnerships and companies. secteur privé - Privater Sektor - private sector settore privato + private sector + Privater Sektor + private transport Transport performed with private means. transport privé - Individualverkehr - personenvervoer trasporto privato + personenvervoer + Individualverkehr + privatisation The transfer of ownership or control of a government enterprise or other governmental property to a non-public, non-official company, organization or individual, either through sale or through the establishment of a special enterprise outside direct government control. privatisation - Privatisierung - privatisering privatizzazione + privatisering + Privatisierung + + proboscidean An order of herbivorous placental mammals characterized by having a proboscis, incisors enlarged to become tusks, and pillarlike legs with five toes bound together on a broad pad. proboscidiens - Rüsseltiere - slurfdieren proboscidati + slurfdieren + Rüsseltiere + procaryote Organisms (i.e. prokaryotes) whose genetic material (filaments of DNA) is not enclosed by a nuclear membrane, and that do not possess mitochondria or plastids. Bacteria and cyanophyta are the only prokaryotic organisms. procaryotes - Procaryota - Procaryota procarioti + Procaryota + Procaryota + @@ -42897,27 +62296,30 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.procedural law Law which prescribes method of enforcing rights or obtaining redress for their invasion. Laws which fix duties, establish rights and responsibilities among and for persons, natural or otherwise, are "substantive laws" in character, while those which merely prescribe the manner in which such rights and responsibilities may be exercised and enforced in a court are "procedural laws". droit procédural - Prozessrecht - procesrecht diritto processuale + procesrecht + Prozessrecht + automatic detection The processing, discovery and identification of data elements by automated means. détection automatique - Automatischer Nachweis - automatische herkenning rilevamento automatico + automatische herkenning + Automatischer Nachweis + processing The act of converting material from one form into another desired form. traitement - Verarbeitung - verwerking lavorazione + verwerking + Verarbeitung + @@ -42929,36 +62331,41 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.process technology Any technical strategies, methods or tools used for the conception, design, development or implementation of any system. technologie des processus - Verfahrenstechnik - procestechnologie tecnologia dei processi + procestechnologie + Verfahrenstechnik + process water Water used in a manufacturing or treatment process or in the actual product manufactured. Examples would include water used for washing, rinsing, direct contact, cooling, solution make-up, chemical reactions, and gas scrubbing in industrial and food processing applications. In many cases, water is specifically treated to produce the quality of water needed for the process. eau de traitement - Betriebswasser - proceswater acqua per processi industriali + proceswater + Betriebswasser + + producer liability Obligations, responsibilities or debts imposed upon all members of an industry that manufactures or produces a product or service causing injury or harm to a consumer and apportioned according to each member's share of the market for the product. responsabilité du producteur - Produzentenhaftung - aansprakelijkheid van de producent garanzia del produttore + aansprakelijkheid van de producent + Produzentenhaftung + product Something produced by human or mechanical effort or by a natural process. produit - Produkt - producten prodotti + producten + Produkt + @@ -42971,17 +62378,23 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.product comparison Comparison of products or processes to identify those having reduced environmental impacts. comparaison de produits - Produktvergleich - productvergelijking confronto di prodotti + productvergelijking + Produktvergleich + + + product evaluation évaluation de produits - Produktbewertung - productevaluatie valutazione del prodotto + productevaluatie + Produktbewertung + + + @@ -42990,9 +62403,12 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.product identification Attaching a notice to a product or container bearing information concerning its contents, proper use, manufacturer and any cautions or hazards of use. identification de produits - Produktkennzeichnung - productidentificatie identificazione del prodotto + productidentificatie + Produktkennzeichnung + + + @@ -43001,27 +62417,32 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.product information Factual, circumstantial and, often, comparative knowledge concerning various goods, services or events, their quality and the entities producing them. information sur les produits - Produktinformation - productvoorlichting informazione sui prodotti + productvoorlichting + Produktinformation + + productivity The amount of output or yield per unit of input or expenditure achieved by a company, industry or country. productivité - Produktivität - productiviteit produttività + productiviteit + Produktivität + + productivity trend The general direction or tendency in the measurement of the production of goods and services having exchange value. évolution de la productivité - Produktivitätsentwicklung - productiviteitstrend andamento della produttività + productiviteitstrend + Produktivitätsentwicklung + @@ -43029,51 +62450,62 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.1) The legal liability of manufacturers and sellers to compensate buyers, users, and even bystanders, for damages or injuries suffered because of defects in goods purchased. 2) A tort which makes a manufacturer liable if his product has a defective condition that makes it unreasonably dangerous to the user or consumer. garantie produits - Produkthaftung - productaansprakelijkheid garanzia dei prodotti + productaansprakelijkheid + Produkthaftung + product standard A standard which prescribes aspects of the physical or chemical composition of products which have potential for causing environmental damage or the handling, presentation and packaging of products, particularly those which are toxic. norme de produit - Produktnorm - productstandaard norma sui prodotti + productstandaard + Produktnorm + profit An excess of the receipts over the spending, costs and expenses of a business or other commercial entity during any period. bénéfice - Gewinn (wirtschaftlich) - winst profitto netto + winst + Gewinn (wirtschaftlich) + automobile industry industrie automobile - Automobilindustrie - auto-industrie industria automobilistica + auto-industrie + Automobilindustrie + + + prognostic data prognostique - Prognosedaten - voorspellingsgegevens dati prognostici + voorspellingsgegevens + Prognosedaten + + + + programme programme - Programm - programma programma + programma + Programm + @@ -43086,18 +62518,21 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.progress line A diagrammatic presentation of observed data in the sequence of their occurrence in time, in the context of water flow. courbe de progression - Ganglinie - grafieklijn idrogramma + grafieklijn + Ganglinie + + prohibition An interdiction or forbidding of an activity or action by authority or law. interdiction - Verbot - verbod divieto + verbod + Verbot + @@ -43106,9 +62541,10 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.project The complex of actions, which have a potential for resulting in a physical change in the environment. projet - Projekt - ontwerp progetto + ontwerp + Projekt + @@ -43117,9 +62553,13 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.propagation process Process by which a disturbance at one point is propagated to another point more remote from the source with no net transport of the material of the medium itself; examples include the motion of electromagnetic waves, sound waves, hydrodynamic waves in liquids, and vibration waves in solids. processus de propagation - Ausbreitungsvorgang - wijze van voortplanting processo di propagazione + wijze van voortplanting + Ausbreitungsvorgang + + + + @@ -43127,18 +62567,21 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.propellant A gas used in aerosol preparations to expel the liquid contents through an atomizer. gaz propulseur - Treibstoff - drijfgas propellente + drijfgas + Treibstoff + + properties of materials The physical and chemical characteristics of the substances or parts of which a thing or object is made. caractéristiques des matériaux - Stoffeigenschaften - materiaaleigenschappen proprietà dei materiali + materiaaleigenschappen + Stoffeigenschaften + @@ -43161,45 +62604,53 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.property protection That benefit or safety which the government affords to the citizens to insure their individual or corporate right to exclusive enjoyment and disposal of property, money and any other thing tangible or intangible that represents a source of income or wealth. protection de la propriété - Eigentumsschutz - eigendomsbescherming protezione della proprietà + eigendomsbescherming + Eigentumsschutz + propulsion technique Technique for causing a body to move by exerting a force against it. technique de propulsion - Antriebstechnik - voortstuwingswijze tecnica di propulsione + voortstuwingswijze + Antriebstechnik + + prosecution The pursuit of legal proceedings, particularly criminal proceedings. poursuite - Strafverfolgung - (gerechtelijke) vervolging incriminazione + (gerechtelijke) vervolging + Strafverfolgung + prosperity State of being prosperous; wealth or success. prospérité - Wohlstand - welvaart prosperità + welvaart + Wohlstand + + protected area Portions of land protected by special restrictions and laws for the conservation of the natural environment. They include large tracts of land set aside for the protection of wildlife and its habitat; areas of great natural beauty or unique interest; areas containing rare forms of plant and animal life; areas representing unusual geologic formation; places of historic and prehistoric interest; areas containing ecosystems of special importance for scientific investigation and study; and areas which safeguard the needs of the biosphere. espace protégé - Schutzgebiet - beschermd gebied area protetta + beschermd gebied + Schutzgebiet + + @@ -43223,9 +62674,11 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.protected landscape Natural or man-made areas which have been reserved for conservation, scientific, educational and/or recreational purposes. site naturel protégé - Geschützte Landschaft - beschermd landschap paesaggio protetto + beschermd landschap + Geschützte Landschaft + + @@ -43233,53 +62686,65 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.protected species Threatened, vulnerable or endangered species which are protected from extinction by preventive measures. espèce protégée - Geschützte Arten - beschermde soorten specie protetta + beschermde soorten + Geschützte Arten + + water protection area Area surrounding a water recovery plant in which certain forms of soil utilization are restricted or prohibited in order to protect the groundwater. zone protégée de captage d'eau - Wasserschutzgebiet - beschermd stroomgebied area di protezione delle acque + beschermd stroomgebied + Wasserschutzgebiet + + + protection from neighbours protection contre les voisins - Nachbarschutz - bescherming tegen buren protezione dai confinanti + bescherming tegen buren + Nachbarschutz + + protection of birds protection des oiseaux - Vogelschutz - vogelbescherming protezione degli uccelli + vogelbescherming + Vogelschutz + + protection of species Measures adopted for the safeguarding of species, of their ecosystems and their biodiversity. protection des espèces - Artenschutz - soortbescherming protezione delle specie + soortbescherming + Artenschutz + + protection system A series of procedures and devices designed to preserve people, property or the environment from injury or harm. système de protection - Schutzsystem - beschermingssysteem sistema di protezione + beschermingssysteem + Schutzsystem + @@ -43288,9 +62753,11 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.protein Any of a class of high-molecular weight polymer compounds composed of a variety of alfa-amino acids joined by peptide linkages. protéine - Protein - eiwit proteine + eiwit + Protein + + @@ -43298,9 +62765,11 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.1) The original draft of a document. 2) An international agreement of a less formal nature than a treaty. It is often used to amend treaties. protocole - Protokoll - protocol protocollo + protocol + Protokoll + + @@ -43308,53 +62777,59 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.protozoan A diverse phylum of eukaryotic microorganisms; the structure varies from a simple uninucleate protoplast to colonial forms, the body is either naked or covered by a test, locomotion is by means of pseudopodia or cilia or flagella, there is a tendency toward universal symmetry in floating species and radial symmetry in sessile types, and nutrition may be phagotrophic or autotrophic or saprozoic. protozoaire - Protozoen - protozoa protozoi + protozoa + Protozoen + province A geographic area of some considerable extent, smaller than a continent but larger than a region, which is unified by some or all of its characteristics and which can therefore be studied as a whole. A faunal province, for example, has a particular assemblage of animal species, which differs from assemblages in different contemporaneous environments elsewhere. province - Gebiet - provincie provincia + provincie + Gebiet + regional authority The power of a government agency or its administrators to administer and implement laws and government policies applicable to a specific geographical area, usually falling under the jurisdiction of two or more states. autorité régionale - Regionalbehörde - gewestelijke gezag autorità regionale + gewestelijke gezag + Regionalbehörde + psychic effect A result or consequence stemming from mental processes that create or influence human consciousness and emotions. effet psychique - Psychische Wirkung - psychisch effect effetto psichico + psychisch effect + Psychische Wirkung + psychological effect effet psychologique - Psychologische Wirkung - psychologisch effect effetto psicologico + psychologisch effect + Psychologische Wirkung + psychological stress Strain or disequilibrium of the mind especially in its affective or cognitive functions, or the physical or mental stimulus, agent or experience that causes such an imbalance. stress psychologique - Psychologischer Streß - psychologische stress stress psicologico + psychologische stress + Psychologischer Streß + @@ -43362,9 +62837,11 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.psychology The science that deals with the functions of the mind and the behaviour of an organism in relation to its environment. psychologie - Psychologie - psychologie psicologia + psychologie + Psychologie + + @@ -43372,9 +62849,10 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.psychosomatic effect Any result pertaining to the influence of the mind or higher functions of the brain upon the operations of the body, particularly bodily disorders or diseases. effet psychosomatique - Psychosomatische Wirkung - pyschosomatisch effect effetto psicosomatico + pyschosomatisch effect + Psychosomatische Wirkung + @@ -43382,18 +62860,21 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.psychosomatic illness Illness arising from or aggravated by a mind-body relationship. maladie psychosomatique - Krankheit (psychosomatisch) - psychosomatische klachten disturbi psicosomatici + psychosomatische klachten + Krankheit (psychosomatisch) + avalanche A fall or slide of a large mass, as of snow or rock, down a mountainside. avalanche - Lawine - lawine valanga + lawine + Lawine + + @@ -43401,18 +62882,20 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.public access to land The right or permission for all persons of a community to use government owned geographic areas such as parks, campgrounds and historical sites. accès public aux terres - Öffentliches Zugangsrecht - publiek toegang tot terreinen accesso pubblico al territorio + publiek toegang tot terreinen + Öffentliches Zugangsrecht + public action A measure or provision taken on behalf and with the consent of the general populace. action publique - Öffentliche Maßnahme - publieke actie provvedimento pubblico + publieke actie + Öffentliche Maßnahme + @@ -43421,44 +62904,60 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.public bath A place having baths for public use. bains publics - Badeanstalt - openbaar bad bagno pubblico + openbaar bad + Badeanstalt + + + + public building A building to which there is free access by the public and which is available for the use of a community. bâtiment public - Öffentliches Gebäude - openbaar gebouw edificio pubblico + openbaar gebouw + Öffentliches Gebäude + + public domain That which can be accessed, used and shared by the general populace without restrictions, penalties or fees. domaine public - Staatsländereien - staatsdomein pubblico dominio + staatsdomein + Staatsländereien + + + + public emergency limit seuil de mesures d'urgence - Grenzwert für Einzelexposition der Bevölkerung - grens van de algemene noodtoestand limite di emergenza pubblica (a breve termine) + grens van de algemene noodtoestand + Grenzwert für Einzelexposition der Bevölkerung + + + + + public finance The theory and practice of governmental money matters, including taxation, spending, transfer and property incomes, borrowing, debt and revenue management. finances publiques - Öffentliche Finanzen - overheidsfinanciën finanza pubblica + overheidsfinanciën + Öffentliche Finanzen + @@ -43466,18 +62965,20 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.public financing The act of obtaining or furnishing money or capital for a program, purchase or enterprise from the general population of a community or state, usually through government allocation of tax revenues. financement public - Öffentliche Finanzierung - overheidsfinanciering finanziamento pubblico + overheidsfinanciering + Öffentliche Finanzierung + public health The discipline in health science that, at the level of the community or the public, aims at promoting prevention of disease, sanitary living, laws, practices and a healthier environment. santé publique - Volksgesundheit - volksgezondheid igiene pubblica + volksgezondheid + Volksgesundheit + @@ -43489,9 +62990,10 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.public hearing Right to appear and give evidence and also right to hear and examine witnesses whose testimony is presented by opposing parties. audition publique - Öffentliche Anhörung - openbare hoorzitting audizione pubblica + openbare hoorzitting + Öffentliche Anhörung + @@ -43499,9 +63001,10 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.actinium A radioactive element of the actinide series, occurring as a decay product of uranium. It is used as an alpha particle source and in neutron production. actinium - Actinium - actinium attinio + actinium + Actinium + @@ -43509,9 +63012,11 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.avalanche protection The total of measures and devices implemented to protect people, property or natural resources from avalanche conditions, including avalanche forecasting and warning, avalanche zoning, ski testing and the use of explosives and other equipment to stabilize an avalanche area. prévention des avalanches - Lawinenschutz - bescherming tegen lawines protezione dalle valanghe + bescherming tegen lawines + Lawinenschutz + + @@ -43519,9 +63024,11 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.public information Factual or circumstantial knowledge or the service, office or station providing this knowledge for an entire population or community, without restriction. information du public - Information der Öffentlichkeit - vrij toegankelijke informatie informazione pubblica + vrij toegankelijke informatie + Information der Öffentlichkeit + + @@ -43536,9 +63043,10 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.public law A general classification of law, consisting generally of constitutional, administrative, criminal and international law, concerned with the organization of the state, the relations between the state and the people who compose it, the responsibilities of public officers to the state, to each other, and to private persons, and the relations of states to one other. The branch or department of law which is concerned with the state in its political or sovereign capacity, including constitutional and administrative law, and with the definition, regulation, and enforcement of rights in cases where the state is regarded as the subject of the right or object of the duty, - including criminal law and criminal procedure, - and the law of the state, considered in its quasi private personality, i.e., as capable of holding or exercising rights, or acquiring and dealing with property, in the character of an individual. droit public - Öffentliches Recht - publiekrecht diritto pubblico + publiekrecht + Öffentliches Recht + @@ -43548,27 +63056,34 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.public opinion The purported, collective view of the public on some issue or problem, typically formulated by selective polling or sampling, and frequently used as a guide to action or decision. opinion publique - Öffentliche Meinung - publieke opinie opinione pubblica + publieke opinie + Öffentliche Meinung + public opinion polling The canvassing of a representative sample of a large group of people on some question in order to determine the general opinion of a group. sondage d'opinion - Demoskopie - opiniepeiling indagine demoscopica + opiniepeiling + Demoskopie + + public park Park with big trees, ornamental plants, alleys bordered by trees or bushes, fountains and statues situated in a town and whose access is free. parcs et jardins publics - Volkspark - openbaar park parco pubblico + openbaar park + Volkspark + + + + @@ -43576,9 +63091,10 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.public participation The involvement, as an enfranchised citizen, in public matters, with the purpose of exerting influence. participation publique - Bürgerbeteiligung - deelname van het publiek partecipazione popolare + deelname van het publiek + Bürgerbeteiligung + @@ -43586,35 +63102,43 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.public-private partnership A joint venture between corporations and government or between community members and government or business beyond the course of normal interaction. partenariat public / privé - Öffentlich-private-Zusammenarbeit - publiek-private samenwerking compartecipazione pubblica-privata + publiek-private samenwerking + Öffentlich-private-Zusammenarbeit + public procurement The governmental process of purchasing supplies, equipment and services, or purchasing contracts to secure the provision of supplies, equipment and services, which are often sold by the private sector. secteur des marchés publics - Öffentliche Beschaffung - overheidsopdracht fornitura pubblica + overheidsopdracht + Öffentliche Beschaffung + + public prosecutor's office A government agency for which an elected or appointed attorney or staff of attorneys is vested with the authority by a constitution or statute to try cases on the government's behalf, to represent public interest or to take legal action against persons violating federal, state or local laws. parquet - Staatsanwaltschaft - openbaar ministerie ufficio del pubblico ministero + openbaar ministerie + Staatsanwaltschaft + traffic route construction construction d'axes de circulation - Verkehrswegebau - aanleg van verkeersroutes costruzione di vie di comunicazione + aanleg van verkeersroutes + Verkehrswegebau + + + + @@ -43623,18 +63147,21 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.public sector Segment of the economy run to some degree by government, including national and local governments, government-owned firms and quasi-autonomous non-government organizations. secteur public - Öffentlicher Sektor - openbare sector settore pubblico + openbare sector + Öffentlicher Sektor + public service An enterprise concerned with the provision to the public of essentials, such as electricity or water. service public - Öffentliche Dienste - nutsbedrijf servizio pubblico + nutsbedrijf + Öffentliche Dienste + + @@ -43652,18 +63179,23 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.public transport The act or the means of conveying people in mass as opposed to conveyance in private vehicles. transport en commun - Öffentlicher Verkehr - openbaar vervoer trasporto pubblico + openbaar vervoer + Öffentlicher Verkehr + + + public transport vehicle Vehicle for conveying large numbers of paying passengers from one place to another. véhicule de transport en commun - Öffentliches Verkehrsmittel - openbaar vervoersmiddel mezzo di trasporto comunale + openbaar vervoersmiddel + Öffentliches Verkehrsmittel + + @@ -43671,9 +63203,13 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.public utility An enterprise concerned with the provision to the public of essentials, such as electricity or water. entreprise de service public - Öffentliches Versorgungsunternehmen - nutsbedrijf servizi di pubblica utilità + nutsbedrijf + Öffentliches Versorgungsunternehmen + + + + @@ -43683,9 +63219,12 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.public works Structures, as roads, dams, or post offices, paid for by government funds for public use. travaux publics - Öffentliche Arbeit - openbare werken opere pubbliche + openbare werken + Öffentliche Arbeit + + + @@ -43695,36 +63234,41 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.pulmonary disease Any disease pertaining to the lungs. maladie pulmonaire - Lungenerkrankung - longziekte malattia polmonare + longziekte + Lungenerkrankung + pulp The cellulosic material produced by reducing wood mechanically or chemically and used in making paper and cellulose products. Also known as wood pulp. pâte à papier - Zellstoff - pulp pasta di cellulosa + pulp + Zellstoff + pulp industry A sector of the economy in which an aggregate of commercial enterprises is engaged in manufacturing and selling the soft, moist, slightly cohering mass deriving from wood that is used to produce paper sheets, cardboard and other paper products. industrie de la cellulose - Zellstoffindustrie - pulpindustrie industria della pasta di cellulosa + pulpindustrie + Zellstoffindustrie + pump A machine that draws a fluid into itself through an entrance port and forces the fluid out through an exhaust port. pompe - Pumpe - pomp pompa + pomp + Pumpe + + @@ -43732,27 +63276,35 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.pumping The removal of gases and vapors from a vacuum system. pompage - Pumpen - pompen pompaggio + pompen + Pumpen + + purchase The acquisition or the act of buying something by payment of money or its equivalent. achat - Kauf - koop acquisto + koop + Kauf + purification The removal of unwanted constituents from a substance. épuration - Reinigung - zuivering depurazione + zuivering + Reinigung + + + + + @@ -43768,9 +63320,14 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.purification facility Equipment for the removal of impurities and unwanted constituents from a medium. dispositif d'épuration - Reinigungsanlage - zuiveringsinstallatie attrezzature per la depurazione + zuiveringsinstallatie + Reinigungsanlage + + + + + @@ -43784,9 +63341,15 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.purification plant Installation where impurities are removed from waste water. station d'épuration - Reinigungsanlage - zuiveringsinstallatie impianto di depurazione + zuiveringsinstallatie + Reinigungsanlage + + + + + + @@ -43794,18 +63357,21 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.purin Any of a number of nitrogenous bases, such as guanine and adenine, that are derivatives of purine and constituents of nucleic acids and certain coenzymes. purine - Purin - purine purina + purine + Purin + aviation law International rules regulating air transportation. loi fédérale de l'aviation - Luftfahrtrecht - luchtvaartwetgeving legislazione inerente all'aviazione + luchtvaartwetgeving + Luftfahrtrecht + + @@ -43814,45 +63380,55 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.pyrolysis The breaking apart of complex molecules into simpler units by the use of heat. pyrolyse - Pyrolyse - pyrolyse pirolisi + pyrolyse + Pyrolyse + + + + quality assurance assurance de qualité - Qualitätssicherung - kwaliteitswaarborg garanzia di qualità + kwaliteitswaarborg + Qualitätssicherung + + avifauna All the birds in a particular region. avifaune - Avifauna - avifauna avifauna + avifauna + Avifauna + quality control The inspection, analysis, and other relevant actions taken to provide control over what is being done, manufactured, or fabricated, so that a desirable level of quality is achieved and maintained. contrôle qualité - Qualitätskontrolle - kwaliteitsbewaking controllo di qualità + kwaliteitsbewaking + Qualitätskontrolle + + quality of life Quality of life is largely a matter of individual preference and perception and overlaps the concept of social well-being. Generally the emphasis is on the amount and distribution of jointly consumed public goods, such as health care and welfare services, protection against crime, regulation of pollution, preservation of fine landscapes and historic townscapes. qualité de vie - Lebensqualität - leefbaarheid qualità della vita + leefbaarheid + Lebensqualität + @@ -43863,9 +63439,12 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.quarry An open or surface working or excavation for the extraction of building stone, ore, coal, gravel, or minerals. carrière - Steinbruch - (steen)groeve cava + (steen)groeve + Steinbruch + + + @@ -43873,9 +63452,11 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.quarrying The surface exploitation and removal of stone or mineral deposits from the earth's crust. exploitation de carrière - Steinbrucharbeit - een steengroeve ontginnen estrazione in cava + een steengroeve ontginnen + Steinbrucharbeit + + @@ -43883,27 +63464,31 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.race relations The associations, tensions or harmony between two or more groups of people distinguished by history, culture, religion or physique: distinctions erroneously construed as being based on consistent biological differences and as representing, in effect, species of a human genus. relation interraciale - Rassenbeziehungen - verhoudingen tussen rassen relazioni razziali + verhoudingen tussen rassen + Rassenbeziehungen + radar A system using beamed and reflected radiofrequency energy for detecting and locating objects, measuring distance or altitude, navigating, homing, bombing and other purposes. radar - Radar - radar radar + radar + Radar + + radiation Emission of any rays from either natural or man-made origins, such as radio waves, the sun's rays, medical X-rays and the fall-out and nuclear wastes produced by nuclear weapons and nuclear energy production. Radiation is usually divided between non-ionizing radiation, such as thermal radiation (heat) and light, and nuclear radiation. Non-ionizing radiation includes ultraviolet radiation from the sun which, although it can damage cells and tissues, does not involve the ionization events of nuclear radiation. rayonnement - Strahlung - straling radiazione + straling + Strahlung + @@ -43927,9 +63512,13 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.radiation damage Somatic and genetic damage to living organisms caused by exposure to ionizing radiation. dommage dû au rayonnement - Strahlenschaden - stralingsschade danno da radiazioni + stralingsschade + Strahlenschaden + + + + @@ -43939,9 +63528,10 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.radiation dose The total amount of radiation absorbed by material or tissues, in the sense of absorbed dose, exposure dose, or dose equivalent. dose de radiations - Strahlendosis - stralingsdosis dose delle radiazioni + stralingsdosis + Strahlendosis + @@ -43949,9 +63539,13 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.radiation effect Prolonged exposure to ionizing radiation from various sources can be harmful. Nuclear radiation from fallout from nuclear weapons or from power stations, background radiation from substances naturally present in the soil, exposure to X-rays can cause radiation sickness. Massive exposure to radiation can kill quickly and any person exposed to radiation is more likely to develop certain types of cancer than other members of the population. effet des radiations - Strahlenwirkung - stralingseffect effetto delle radiazioni + stralingseffect + Strahlenwirkung + + + + @@ -43959,36 +63553,46 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.radiation exposure The act or state of being subjected to electromagnetic energy strong enough to ionize atoms thereby posing a threat to human health or the environment. exposition aux rayonnements - Strahlenexposition - blootstelling aan straling esposizione alle radiazioni + blootstelling aan straling + Strahlenexposition + + + radiation monitoring The periodic or continuous surveillance or analysis of the level of radiant energy present in a given area, to determine that its prescribed amount has not been exceeded or that it meets acceptable safety standards. surveillance des radiations - Strahlenüberwachung - stralingsmeting monitoraggio delle radiazioni + stralingsmeting + Strahlenüberwachung + radiation physics The study of ionizing radiation and its effects on matter. physique des rayonnements - Strahlenphysik - stralingsfysica fisica delle radiazioni + stralingsfysica + Strahlenphysik + + + radiation protection Precautionary actions, measures or equipment implemented to guard or defend people, property and natural resources from the harmful effects of ionizing energy. radioprotection - Strahlenschutz - stralingsbescherming protezione da radiazioni + stralingsbescherming + Strahlenschutz + + + @@ -43996,27 +63600,33 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.radiation protection law A binding rule or body of rules prescribed by government to establish measures to keep humans and natural resources safe from harmful exposure to energy waves released by nuclear materials, electromagnetic current and other sources. loi relative à la protection contre le rayonnement - Strahlenschutzrecht - stralingbeschermingswet legislazione sulla protezione dalle radiazioni + stralingbeschermingswet + Strahlenschutzrecht + + radiation sickness The complex of symptoms characterizing the disease known as radiation injury, resulting from excessive exposure of the whole body (or large part) to ionizing radiation. The earliest of these symptoms are nausea, fatigue, vomiting, and diarrhea, which may be followed by loss of hair (epilation), hemorrhage, inflammation of the mouth and throat, and general loss of energy. maladie due aux radiations - Strahlenkrankheit - stralingsziekte malattia da radiazioni + stralingsziekte + Strahlenkrankheit + + radio The process, equipment or programming involved in transmitting and receiving sound signals by electromagnetic waves. radio - Radio - radio radio + radio + Radio + + @@ -44024,9 +63634,11 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.radioactive contamination Contamination of a substance, living organism or site caused by radioactive material. contamination radioactive - Radioaktive Verseuchung - radioactieve besmetting contaminazione radioattiva + radioactieve besmetting + Radioaktive Verseuchung + + @@ -44036,18 +63648,24 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.radioactive decontamination The removal of radioactive contamination which is deposited on surfaces or may have spread throughout a work area. Personnel decontamination is also included. Decontamination methods follow two broad avenues of attack, mechanical and chemical. décontamination radioactive - Radioaktive Entseuchung - radioactieve ontsmetting decontaminazione radioattiva + radioactieve ontsmetting + Radioaktive Entseuchung + + + radioactive dumping Waste generated by the emission of particulate or electromagnetic radiation resulting from the decay of the nuclei of unstable elements. décharge de déchêts radioactifs - Radioaktive Ablagerung - radioactieve afvalstortplaats scarico radioattivo + radioactieve afvalstortplaats + Radioaktive Ablagerung + + + @@ -44055,9 +63673,11 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.radioactive emission The release of radioactive substances into the environment deriving from nuclear installations and from mining, purification and enrichment operations of radioactive elements. émission radioactive - Radioaktive Emission - radioactieve uitstoot emissione radioattiva + radioactieve uitstoot + Radioaktive Emission + + @@ -44065,9 +63685,11 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.radioactive fallout The material that descends to the earth or water well beyond the site of a surface or subsurface nuclear explosion. retombée radioactive - Fallout (Radioaktivität) - radioactieve neerslag fallout radioattivo + radioactieve neerslag + Fallout (Radioaktivität) + + @@ -44075,9 +63697,11 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.radioactive pollutant A substance undergoing spontaneous decay or disintegration of atomic nuclei and giving off radiant energy in the form of particles or waves, often associated with an explosion of a nuclear weapon or an accidental release from a nuclear power plant, holding facility or transporting container. polluant radioactif - Radioaktiver Schadstoff - radioactieve vervuiler inquinante radioattivo + radioactieve vervuiler + Radioaktiver Schadstoff + + @@ -44085,9 +63709,11 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.radioactive substance Any substance that contains one or more radionuclides of which the activity or the concentration cannot be disregarded as far as radiation protection is concerned. substance radioactive - Radioaktive Substanz - radioactieve stof sostanze radioattive + radioactieve stof + Radioaktive Substanz + + @@ -44096,26 +63722,32 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.radioactive tracer A radioactive isotope which, when injected into a biological or physical system, can be traced by radiation detection devices, permitting determination of the distribution or location of the substance to which it is attached. traceur radioactif - Radioaktiver Tracer - radioactieve merkstof tracciante radioattivo + radioactieve merkstof + Radioaktiver Tracer + + radioactive tracer technique technique du traceur radioactif - Radioaktive Tracermethode - opsporingstechniek voor radioactieve straling tecnica del tracciante radioattivo + opsporingstechniek voor radioactieve straling + Radioaktive Tracermethode + radioactive waste Any waste that emit radiation in excess of normal background level, including the toxic by-products of the nuclear energy industry. déchet radioactif - Radioaktiver Abfall - radioactief afval rifiuto radioattivo + radioactief afval + Radioaktiver Abfall + + + @@ -44124,9 +63756,11 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.radioactive waste management The total supervision of the production, handling, processing, storage and transport of materials that contain radioactive nuclides and for which use, reuse or recovery are impractical. gestion des déchets radioactifs - Bewirtschaftung radioaktiver Abfälle - beleid voor radio-actief afval gestione dei rifiuti radioattivi + beleid voor radio-actief afval + Bewirtschaftung radioaktiver Abfälle + + @@ -44134,9 +63768,10 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.radioactivity The property possessed by some atomic nuclei of disintegrating spontaneously, with loss of energy through emission of a charged particle and/or gamma radiation. radioactivité - Radioaktivität - radioactiviteit radioattività + radioactiviteit + Radioaktivität + @@ -44144,9 +63779,11 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.radionuclide A nuclide that exhibits radioactivity. radionucléide - Radionuklid - radionucleïde radionuclide + radionucleïde + Radionuklid + + @@ -44154,18 +63791,21 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.background level Term used in a variety of situations, always as the constant or natural amount of a given substance, radiation, noise, etc. pollution naturelle de fond - Hintergrundwert - achtergrondniveau livello di base + achtergrondniveau + Hintergrundwert + + radon A radioactive gaseous element emitted naturally from rocks and minerals where radioactive elements are present. It is released in non-coal mines, e.g. tin, iron, fluorspar, uranium. Radon is an alpha particle emitter as are its decay products and has been indicted as a cause of excessive occurrence of lung cancer in uranium miners. Concern has been expressed at radon levels in some housing usually adjacent to granite rocks or old tin mining regions. radon - Radon - radon radon + radon + Radon + @@ -44173,17 +63813,20 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.rag Discarded textile waste, either post-consumer waste or pre-consumer waste, such as manufacturing process scraps. chiffon - Alttextilien - lomp straccio + lomp + Alttextilien + + railroad vehicle véhicule ferroviaire - Schienenfahrzeug - spoorvoertuig veicolo su rotaia + spoorvoertuig + Schienenfahrzeug + @@ -44193,9 +63836,10 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.rail traffic The movement and circulation of vehicles transporting goods and people on railroad systems. trafic ferroviaire - Schienenverkehr - spoorverkeer traffico ferroviario + spoorverkeer + Schienenverkehr + @@ -44205,18 +63849,22 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.rail transport Transportation of goods and persons by railway. transport ferroviaire - Eisenbahntransport - spoorvervoer trasporto ferroviario + spoorvervoer + Eisenbahntransport + + railway A permanent track composed of a line of parallel metal rails fixed to sleepers, for transport of passengers and goods in trains. voie ferrée - Eisenbahn - spoorweg ferrovia + spoorweg + Eisenbahn + + @@ -44226,18 +63874,23 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.rain Precipitation in the form of liquid water drops with diameters greater than 0.5 millimeter. pluie - Regen (Niederschlag) - regen pioggia + regen + Regen (Niederschlag) + + rain forest A forest of broad-leaved, mainly evergreen, trees found in continually moist climates in the tropics, subtropics, and some parts of the temperate zones. forêt pluviale - Regenwald - regenwoud foresta pluviale + regenwoud + Regenwald + + + @@ -44245,71 +63898,84 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.background radiation Radiation resulting from natural sources, as opposed to man-made sources, and to which people are exposed in everyday, normal life; for example from rocks and soil. rayonnement ambiant - Hintergrundstrahlung - achtergrondstraling radiazione di fondo + achtergrondstraling + Hintergrundstrahlung + rainout Process by which particles in the atmosphere act as centres round which water can form drops which then falls as rain. piégeage de particules par des gouttes - Rainout - fixatie incorporazione nelle nuvole seguita da precipitazione + fixatie + Rainout + + rain water Water which falls as rain from clouds. eau pluviale - Niederschlagswasser - regenwater acqua piovana + regenwater + Niederschlagswasser + + raising a site The building up of land by the deposition of allochthonous material, such as rocks, gravel, etc. surélever un site - Aufschüttung - een plaats ophogen rialzamento del terreno + een plaats ophogen + Aufschüttung + random test Tests which do not always yield the same result when repeated under the same conditions. test aléatoire - Stichprobe - steekproef random test + steekproef + Stichprobe + rape (plant) A Eurasian cruciferous plant, Brassica napus, that is cultivated for its seeds, which yield a useful oil, and as a fodder plant. colza - Raps - raap(zaad) rapa + raap(zaad) + Raps + + rapid transit train train interurbain rapide - Schnellbahn - stadstrein treno metropolitano + stadstrein + Schnellbahn + + rare species Species which have a restricted world range. espèce rare - Seltene Art - zeldzame soorten specie rara + zeldzame soorten + Seltene Art + + @@ -44317,9 +63983,11 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.raw material A crude, unprocessed or partially processed material used as feedstock for a processing operation. matière première - Rohstoff - grondstof materia prima + grondstof + Rohstoff + + @@ -44331,18 +63999,22 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.raw material consumption The developed countries depend on a stable supply of raw materials for their industries. Total resource requirements are increasing rapidly over the entire world. In developed countries, although population is increasing slowly, per capita use is increasing rapidly, while the opposite is happening in developing countries. Traditionally raw materials have been classified as non-renewable resources, but a distinction may be important between "loosable" resources, such as oil and coal, and "non-loosable" resources, such as metals, which can be used several times over by recycling processes. consommation de matières premières - Rohstoffverbrauch - grondstofverbruik consumo di materia prima + grondstofverbruik + Rohstoffverbrauch + + raw material securing Measures used to ensure the provision of or the access to crude, unprocessed or partially processed materials used as feedstock for processing or manufacturing. protection des matières premières - Rohstoffsicherung - zich verzekeren van grondstoffen assicurazione delle materie prime (azione) + zich verzekeren van grondstoffen + Rohstoffsicherung + + @@ -44350,18 +64022,23 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.reaction kinetics That branch of physical chemistry concerned with the mechanisms and rates of chemical reactions. cinétique des réactions - Reaktionskinetik - reactiekinetiek cinetica di reazione + reactiekinetiek + Reaktionskinetik + reactor A device that introduces either inductive or capacitive reactance into a circuit, such as a coil or capacitor. réacteur - Reaktor - reactor reattore + reactor + Reaktor + + + + @@ -44370,9 +64047,12 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.reactor safety Those studies and activities that seek to minimise the risk of a nuclear reactor accident. sûreté des réacteurs - Reaktorsicherheit - reactorveiligheid sicurezza del reattore + reactorveiligheid + Reaktorsicherheit + + + @@ -44381,9 +64061,12 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.reforestation The planting of trees in forest areas which have been cleared. Reforestation has become increasingly important for preventing or reversing environmental degradation and for helping to maximize economic returns on commercially forested lands. reboisement - Wiederaufforstung - herbebossing riforestazione + herbebossing + Wiederaufforstung + + + @@ -44391,9 +64074,10 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.bacterium Group of single-cell micro-organisms, the smallest of the living organisms. Some are vital to sustain life, while others are responsible for causing highly dangerous human diseases, such as anthrax, tetanus and tuberculosis. Bacteria are found everywhere, in the soil, water and air. bactérie - Bakterien - bacteriën batteri + bacteriën + Bakterien + @@ -44403,53 +64087,63 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. reasonableness acceptabilité (par le voisinage) - Zumutbarkeit - redelijkheid ragionevolezza + redelijkheid + Zumutbarkeit + recombinant DNA technology Techniques and practical applications associated with recombinant DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid artificially introduced into a cell that alters the genotype and phenotype of the cell and is replicated along with the natural DNA). technologie de l'ADN recombinant - DNS-Rekombinationstechnik - recombinante DNA technologie tecnologia del DNA ricombinante + recombinante DNA technologie + DNS-Rekombinationstechnik + recommendation Recommendation refers to an action which is advisory in nature rather than one having any binding effect. recommandation - Empfehlung - aanbeveling raccomandazione + aanbeveling + Empfehlung + bacterial bed A device that removes some suspended solids from sewage. Air and bacteria decompose additional wastes filtering through the sand so that cleaner water drains from the bed. lit bactérien - Nährboden - oxydatiebed letto batterico + oxydatiebed + Nährboden + + recording of substances répertorier les substances - Stoffverzeichnis - registratie van stoffen registrazione di sostanze + registratie van stoffen + Stoffverzeichnis + + recovery of landscape Reclamation measures taken to restore the environmental quality level of a landscape to its predisturbed condition. rétablissement du paysage - Landschaftsrückgewinnung - landschapsherstel ricupero del paesaggio + landschapsherstel + Landschaftsrückgewinnung + + + @@ -44458,9 +64152,11 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.fauna restoration The process of returning wildlife ecosystems and habitats to their original conditions. restauration de la vie sauvage - Wiederherstellung der natürlichen Pflanzen- und Tierwelt - herstel van in het wild levende planten en dieren ricupero della fauna + herstel van in het wild levende planten en dieren + Wiederherstellung der natürlichen Pflanzen- und Tierwelt + + @@ -44468,9 +64164,13 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.abandoned industrial site Site that cannot be used for any purpose, being contaminated by pollutants, not necessarily radioactive. site abandonné - Altstandort - verlaten terrein sito abbandonato + verlaten terrein + Altstandort + + + + @@ -44480,27 +64180,33 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.bactericide An agent that destroys bacteria. bactéricide - Bakterizid - bactericide battericida + bactericide + Bakterizid + + recovery plan A formulated or systematic method for the restoration of natural resources or the reuse of materials and objects. stratégie de recyclage - Rückgewinnungsplan - herstelplan piano di ricupero + herstelplan + Rückgewinnungsplan + recreation Activities that promote refreshment of health or spirits by relaxation and enjoyment. récréation - Erholung - ontspanning ricreazione + ontspanning + Erholung + + + @@ -44514,9 +64220,14 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.recreational area A piece of publicly owned land, especially in a town, used for sports and games. espace de loisirs - Erholungsgebiet - ontspanningsterrein zona per la ricreazione + ontspanningsterrein + Erholungsgebiet + + + + + @@ -44527,9 +64238,12 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.recyclability Characteristic of materials that still have useful physical or chemical properties after serving their original purpose and that can, therefore, be reused or remanufactured into additional products. recyclabilité - Recycelbarkeit - herbruikbaarheid riciclabilità + herbruikbaarheid + Recycelbarkeit + + + @@ -44537,9 +64251,12 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.recyclable plastic Plastic waste that can be transformed into new products. plastique recyclable - Kunststoff (recyclinggerecht) - kringloopplastic plastica riciclabile + kringloopplastic + Kunststoff (recyclinggerecht) + + + @@ -44547,9 +64264,12 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.recycled material Waste materials that are transformed into new products in such a manner that the original products may lose their identity. matière recyclée - Recyclingstoff - hergebruikt materiaal materiale riciclato + hergebruikt materiaal + Recyclingstoff + + + @@ -44559,9 +64279,12 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.recycled paper Paper that has been separated from the solid waste stream for utilization as a raw material in the manufacture of a new product. Not all paper in the waste stream is recyclable. It may be heavily contaminated or otherwise unusable. papier recyclé - Recyclingpapier - kringlooppapier carta riciclata + kringlooppapier + Recyclingpapier + + + @@ -44569,9 +64292,11 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.recycling A resource recovery method involving the collection and treatment of a waste product for use as raw material in the manufacture of the same or a similar product. recyclage - Recycling - hergebruik riciclaggio + hergebruik + Recycling + + @@ -44582,9 +64307,11 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.life-cycle management Management of all the stages involved in the life of a product such as raw materials acquisition, manufacturing, distribution and retail, use and re-use and maintenance, recycling and waste management, in order to create less environmentally harmful products. gestion du recyclage - Kreislaufwirtschaft - het regelen van hergebruik gestione del riciclaggio + het regelen van hergebruik + Kreislaufwirtschaft + + @@ -44592,79 +64319,96 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.recycling management and waste law A binding rule or body of rules prescribed by government to establish and regulate provisions for the minimization of waste generation through recovery and reprocessing of re-usable products. loi sur la gestion du recyclage et les déchets - Kreislaufwirtschafts- und Abfallgesetz - wet over hergebruik van afval legge sul riciclaggio e sui rifiuti + wet over hergebruik van afval + Kreislaufwirtschafts- und Abfallgesetz + + bacteriology The science and study of bacteria. bactériologie - Bakteriologie - bacteriologie batteriologia + bacteriologie + Bakteriologie + + recycling potential potentiel de recyclage - Recyclingpotential - mate waarin iets hergebruikt kan worden potenziale del riciclaggio + mate waarin iets hergebruikt kan worden + Recyclingpotential + + recycling ratio rapport de recyclage - Recyclingquote - hergebruikverhouding percentuale di riciclaggio + hergebruikverhouding + Recyclingquote + + redress An administrative or legal remedy that attempts to restore a person to his or her original or expected position prior to loss or injury, including breach of contract. recours - Wiedergutmachung - herstellen ricorso (amministrazione) + herstellen + Wiedergutmachung + red tide Sea water which is covered or discoloured by the sudden growth of algal bloom or by a great increase in single-celled organisms, dinoflagellates. Red tides are often fatal to many forms of marine life and, in some cases, can result in human deaths because the dinoflagellates are eaten by clams and mussels which concentrate the paralysing toxins which they produce. marée rouge - Rotschlamm / Rotschlick - gevaarlijk getij marea rossa + gevaarlijk getij + Rotschlamm / Rotschlick + + chemical reduction Chemical reaction in which an element gains an electron. réduction (chimie) - Reduktion (chemisch) - chemische reductie riduzione chimica + chemische reductie + Reduktion (chemisch) + + reed Any of various types of tall stiff grass-like plants growing together in groups near water. roseau - Schilf - riet canne + riet + Schilf + reef A line of rocks in the tidal zone of a coast, submerged at high water but partly uncovered at low water. récif - Riff - rif scogliera + rif + Riff + + + @@ -44673,9 +64417,13 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.refinery A factory for the purification of some crude material such as ore, sugar, oil, etc. raffinerie - Raffinerie - raffinaderij raffineria + raffinaderij + Raffinerie + + + + @@ -44684,9 +64432,10 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.refining The processing of raw material to remove impurities. raffinage - Raffination - raffineren raffinazione + raffineren + Raffination + @@ -44694,9 +64443,10 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.reflection The return of waves or particles from surfaces on which they are incident. réflexion - Reflexion - weerkaatsing riflessione + weerkaatsing + Reflexion + @@ -44704,35 +64454,46 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.reflectometry The study of the reflectance of light or other radiant energy. étude de la lumière réfléchie - Reflexionsmessung - reflectometrie misura del riflesso + reflectometrie + Reflexionsmessung + + + refrigerant A substance that by undergoing a change in phase (liquid to gas, gas to liquid) releases or absorbs a large latent heat in relation to its volume, and thus effects a considerable cooling effect. réfrigérant - Kältemittel - koelmiddel refrigerante + koelmiddel + Kältemittel + + + refrigeration industry industrie du froid - Kälteerzeugende Industrie - koelindustrie industria della refrigerazione + koelindustrie + Kälteerzeugende Industrie + + + refrigeration The cooling of substances, usually food, below the environmental temperature for preservative purposes. Refrigeration is responsible for the largest and fastest-growing use of CFCs in the developing world. The industrial countries, and some developing countries, have taken exceptional steps to control and, eventually, ban the production of CFCs and other ozone-depleting materials by the year 2000. However, many developing nations have not signed the Montreal Protocol because they are afraid that the cost of changing over to alternative, ozone-friendly technology will be too high. réfrigération - Kühlung - (kunstmatige) koeling refrigerazione + (kunstmatige) koeling + Kühlung + + @@ -44740,9 +64501,12 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.refrigerator An appliance, a cabinet, or a room for storing food or other substances at a low temperature. réfrigérateur - Kühlschrank - koelkast frigorifero + koelkast + Kühlschrank + + + @@ -44750,27 +64514,33 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.refuge A restricted and isolated area in which plants and animals persisted during a period of continental climatic change that made surrounding areas uninhabitable; especially an ice-free or unglaciated area within or close to a continental ice sheet or upland ice cap, where hardy biotas eked out an existence during a glacial phase. It later served as a center of dispersal for the repopulation of surrounding areas after climatic readjustment. zone de refuge - Refugium - toevluchtsgebied rifugio + toevluchtsgebied + Refugium + refugee A person who is outside his country of origin and who, due to well-founded fear of persecution, is unable or unwilling to avail himself of that country protection. réfugié - Flüchtling - vluchteling profugo (rifugiato) + vluchteling + Flüchtling + refuse collection vehicle Special vehicles designed and equipped for the collection of wastes and their transportation to a waste disposal site. véhicule de collecte des ordures - Müllsammelfahrzeug - vuilniswagen veicolo per la raccolta di rifiuti + vuilniswagen + Müllsammelfahrzeug + + + + @@ -44778,27 +64548,34 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.refuse derived fuel Fuel produced from domestic refuse, after glass and metals have been removed from it, by compressing it to form briquettes used to fuel boilers. déchet combustible - Brennstoff aus Müll - tot brandstof verwerkt afval combustibile derivato da rifiuti + tot brandstof verwerkt afval + Brennstoff aus Müll + + + refuse-sludge compost Compost derived by the biodegradation of the organic constituents of solid wastes and wastewater sludges. The major public health issues associated with composting using solid wastes mixed with sewage sludge are pathogens, heavy metal, and odors. The heat generated during composting, as a result of the activities of thermophilic organisms, is capable of killing bacteria, viruses, protozoa and helminths present in sewage sludge. The metallic elements in sludge of greatest concern to human health are cadmium, lead, arsenic, selenium, and mercury. Only cadmium is normally found in sewage sludge at levels which, when applied to soils, can be absorbed by plants, and accumulate in edible parts, thereby entering the food chain. compost de boues résiduaires - Müll-Klärschlamm-Kompost - compost uit afval en (riool)slib compost fanghi-rifiuti + compost uit afval en (riool)slib + Müll-Klärschlamm-Kompost + + + regeneration The renewing or reuse of materials such as activated carbon, single ion exchange resins, and filter beds by appropriate means to remove organics, metals, solids, etc. régénération - Regeneration - herstel rigenerazione + herstel + Regeneration + @@ -44806,62 +64583,73 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.retrofitting of old plants Making changes to old industrial plants installing new equipment's and facilities for the disposal of gas emissions in the atmosphere, of waste water and waste material in soil and water. remise en état d'anciennes installations industrielles - Altanlagensanierung - herstel van oude installaties ammodernamento di vecchi impianti + herstel van oude installaties + Altanlagensanierung + + + region A designated area or an administrative division of a city, county or larger geographical territory that is formulated according to some biological, political, economic or demographic criteria. région - Region - gewest regione + gewest + Region + regional convention An assembly of national, political party or organizational delegates representing persons or the interests of a specific geographic area, or the pact or the agreement that arises from such an assembly. convention régionale - Regionale Konvention - gewestelijke overeenkomst convenzione regionale + gewestelijke overeenkomst + Regionale Konvention + regional development The progress or advancement for a large geographical territory or a designated division of a country or state, particularly in economic growth that leads to modernization or industrialization. développement régional - Regionalentwicklung - gewestelijke ontwikkeling sviluppo regionale + gewestelijke ontwikkeling + Regionalentwicklung + regional law loi régionale - Landesrecht - gewestelijk voorschrift legislazione regionale + gewestelijk voorschrift + Landesrecht + regional plan The plan for a region according to some physiographic, biological, political, administrative, economic, demographic, or other criteria. schéma régional - Regionalplan - gewestplan piano regionale + gewestplan + Regionalplan + + + regional planning The step by step method and process of defining, developing and outlining various possible courses of actions to meet existing or future needs, goals and objectives for a designated area or an administrative division of a city, county or larger geographical area. planification régionale - Regionalplanung - gewestelijke planning pianificazione regionale + gewestelijke planning + Regionalplanung + @@ -44871,35 +64659,40 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.regional regulation A body of rules or orders prescribed by government, management or an international organization or treaty pertaining to or effective within a specific territory of one or more states. règlement régional - Regionale Regelung - gewestelijke verordening normativa regionale + gewestelijke verordening + Regionale Regelung + regional statistics statistiques régionales - Regionalstatistik - geweststatistieken statistica regionale + geweststatistieken + Regionalstatistik + + regional structure The organization or arrangement of a large geographical territory or a designated division of a country or state that may be formulated according to some administrative, biological, political, economic or demographic criteria. structure régionale - Raumstruktur - geweststructuur struttura locale + geweststructuur + Raumstruktur + registration An instance of or a certificate attesting to the fact of entering in an official list various pieces of information in order to facilitate regulation or authorization, including one's name, contact information and, in some instances, data concerning a specific possession or property. enregistrement - Anmeldung - registratie registrazione + registratie + Anmeldung + @@ -44907,18 +64700,23 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.registration proceeding The course of action or record in which an individual, company or an organization formally enrolls with a government agency or an authority in order to be granted certain rights, particularly trademark or copyright privileges, or the permission to sell and distribute a product. procédure d'enregistrement - Anmeldeverfahren - registratieprocedure procedimento di registrazione + registratieprocedure + Anmeldeverfahren + + renewable raw material Resources that have a natural rate of availability and yield a continual flow of services which may be consumed in any time period without endangering future consumption possibilities as long as current use does not exceed net renewal during the period under consideration. matière première renouvelable - Erneuerbare Rohstoffe - hernieuwbare grondstof materia prima rinnovabile + hernieuwbare grondstof + Erneuerbare Rohstoffe + + + @@ -44926,35 +64724,40 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.regulation on maximum permissible limits A body of rules or orders prescribed by a government or an international organization or treaty establishing levels of hazardous materials in the environment or in ingestible substances beyond which human exposure is deemed health-threatening. règlement sur les valeurs maximales admissibles - Höchstmengenverordnung - verordening rond toegestane maxima disposizioni sui limiti massimi ammissibili + verordening rond toegestane maxima + Höchstmengenverordnung + + ordinance A rule established by authority; a permanent rule of action; a law or statute. In its most common meaning, the term is used to designate the enactment of the legislative body. ordonnance - Verordnung - verordening ordinanza + verordening + Verordnung + regulative law loi normative - Ordnungsrecht - regulerende wet legislazione regolativa + regulerende wet + Ordnungsrecht + balance (economic) An equality between the sums total of the two sides of an account, or the excess on either side. bilan - Bilanz (Betriebswirtschaft) - balans [economisch] bilancio (economia) + balans [economisch] + Bilanz (Betriebswirtschaft) + @@ -44963,18 +64766,20 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.regulatory control Government supervision over the obligations and rights of an industry or enterprise for the purpose of providing the public with services that are considered important, vital or necessary to most members of a community or area. contrôle réglementaire - Behördliche Kontrolle - regulerend toezicht regolamento legislativo + regulerend toezicht + Behördliche Kontrolle + rehabilitation A conservation measure involving the correction of past abuses that have impaired the productivity of the resources base. réhabilitation - Sanierung - herstel risanamento + herstel + Sanierung + @@ -44982,18 +64787,22 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.rehousing To provide with new or different housing. relogement - Umsiedeln - herhuisvesting rialloggiamento + herhuisvesting + Umsiedeln + + reintroduction Reintroduction of exterminated species in an area; it is bound to fail if the chosen animal became extinct in the area too long ago and if the area itself has undergone too many changes. Reintroduction needs years of careful planning - the approval of local population, technical conditions of the release, feeding system, protection and breeding control - and even then some unexpected problems may arise. réintroduction - Wiedereinbürgerung - herinvoering reintroduzione + herinvoering + Wiedereinbürgerung + + @@ -45002,18 +64811,21 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.cause-effect relation The relating of causes to the effects that they produce. relation de cause à effet - Kausalzusammenhang - oorzaak-gevolg relatie relazione causa-effetto + oorzaak-gevolg relatie + Kausalzusammenhang + release of organisms The release of organisms in the environment creates the risk that once released they may exhibit some previously unknown pathogenicity, might take over from some naturally occurring bacteria or pass on some unwanted trait to such indigenous bacteria. dissémination d'organismes - Freisetzung (Organismen) - organismen vrijlaten rilascio di organismi + organismen vrijlaten + Freisetzung (Organismen) + + @@ -45025,27 +64837,31 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.religion The expression of man's belief in and reverence for a superhuman power recognized as the creator and governor of the universe. religion - Religion - godsdienst religione + godsdienst + Religion + action group A collection of persons united to address specific sociopolitical or socioeconomic concerns. groupe d'action - Bürgerinitiative - actiegroep gruppo di azione + actiegroep + Bürgerinitiative + balancing of interests Considering, weighing or counterbalancing the competing political or financial concerns of different parts of society, including industries, consumers, trade unions and other groups or organizations. équilibrage des intérêts - Interessenausgleich - belangenafweging bilanciamento degli interessi + belangenafweging + Interessenausgleich + + @@ -45053,9 +64869,15 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.1) The scientific detection, recognition, inventory and analysis of land and water area by the use of distant sensors or recording devices such as photography, thermal scanners, radar, etc. 2) Complex of techniques for the remote measure of electromagnetic energy emitted by objects. télédétection - Fernerkundung - remote sensing telerilevamento + remote sensing + Fernerkundung + + + + + + @@ -45064,9 +64886,10 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.removal General term indicating the elimination of substances from a medium or from the environment. élimination - Entfernung - verwijdering rimozione + verwijdering + Entfernung + @@ -45076,9 +64899,12 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.renaturation A process of returning natural ecosystems or habitats to their original structure and species composition. Restoration requires a detailed knowledge of the original species, ecosystem functions and interacting processes involved. rétablissement de l'état naturel - Renaturierung - renaturatie rinaturazione + renaturatie + Renaturierung + + + @@ -45086,9 +64912,11 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.renewable energy source Energy sources that do not rely on fuels of which there are only finite stocks. The most widely used renewable source is hydroelectric power; other renewable sources are biomass energy, solar energy, tidal energy, wave energy, and wind energy; biomass energy does not avoid the danger of the greenhouse effect. source d'énergie renouvelable - Erneuerbare Energiequelle - hernieuwbare energiebron fonte di energia rinnovabile + hernieuwbare energiebron + Erneuerbare Energiequelle + + @@ -45096,9 +64924,11 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.renewable resource Resources capable of being continuously renewed or replaced through such processes as organic reproduction and cultivation such as those practiced in agriculture, animal husbandry, forestry and fisheries. ressource renouvelable - Erneuerbare Ressourcen - hernieuwbare natuurlijke hulpbronnen risorse rinnovabili + hernieuwbare natuurlijke hulpbronnen + Erneuerbare Ressourcen + + @@ -45108,27 +64938,32 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.rental housing Dwelling places occupied by tenants who make periodic payments to landlords or owners for use of the facilities as residences. logement locatif - Mietwohnungen - verhuur van huizen alloggi in affitto + verhuur van huizen + Mietwohnungen + repair business Any commercial activity, position or site that involves work in restoring or fixing some material thing or structure, such as by replacing parts or putting together something torn, broken or detached. entreprise de réparation - Instandsetzungsgewerbe - herstellingsbedrijf assistenza tecnica + herstellingsbedrijf + Instandsetzungsgewerbe + + + replacement Substitution of an atom or atomic group with a different one. substitution - Ersatz - vervanging sostituzione + vervanging + Ersatz + @@ -45137,17 +64972,22 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.replacement cost The amount of money involved to replace or have an item take the place of another item. frais de remplacement - Ersatzkosten - vervangingskosten costi di compensazione + vervangingskosten + Ersatzkosten + reporting process processus de suivi - Meldeverfahren - rapporteringsproces processo di notifica + rapporteringsproces + Meldeverfahren + + + + @@ -45155,27 +64995,32 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.representation Any conduct or action undertaken on behalf of a person, group, business or government, often as an elected or appointed voice. représentation - Vertretung - vertegenwoordiging rappresentanza + vertegenwoordiging + Vertretung + reprocessing Restoration of contaminated nuclear fuel to a usable condition. retraitement du combustible irradié - Wiederaufbereitung - herwerking rigenerazione (combustibile nucleare) + herwerking + Wiederaufbereitung + + + reproduction (biological) Any of various processes, either sexual or asexual, by which an animal or plant produces one or more individuals similar to itself. reproduction - Fortpflanzung - voortplanting riproduzione (biologica) + voortplanting + Fortpflanzung + @@ -45187,18 +65032,20 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.reproductive manipulation The technology involved in altering in some prescribed way the genetic constitution of an organism. Typically "useful" genes, i.e. very short sequence of DNA, are isolated from one organism and inserted into the DNA of a bacterium of yeast. These microorganisms multiply rapidly and can be cultured easily, enabling large quantities of the gene product to be obtained. Reproductive manipulation has been used for the large-scale production of antibiotics, enzymes, and hormones (e.g. insulin). Organisms into which foreign DNA has been artificially inserted are called "transgenic organisms". manipulation génétique - Fortpflanzungsmanipulation - voortplantingsmanipulatie manipolazione riproduttiva + voortplantingsmanipulatie + Fortpflanzungsmanipulation + reptile A class of terrestrial vertebrates, characterized by the lack of hair, feathers, and mammary glands; the skin is covered with scales, they have a three chambered heart and the pleural and peritoneal cavities are continuous. reptile - Reptilien - reptielen rettili + reptielen + Reptilien + @@ -45209,9 +65056,13 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.rescue service Service organized to provide immediate assistance to persons injured or in distress. service de secours - Rettungsdienst - reddingsdienst servizio di salvataggio + reddingsdienst + Rettungsdienst + + + + @@ -45219,9 +65070,10 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.research Scientific investigation aimed at discovering and applying new facts, techniques and natural laws. recherche - Forschung - onderzoek ricerca + onderzoek + Forschung + @@ -45238,9 +65090,12 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.research centre Place where systematic investigation to establish facts or principles or to collect information on a subject is performed. centre de recherche - Forschungszentrum - onderzoekscentrum centro di ricerca + onderzoekscentrum + Forschungszentrum + + + @@ -45250,18 +65105,22 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.research project Proposal, plan or design containing the necessary information and data for conducting a specific survey. projet de recherche - Forschungsprojekt - onderzoeksproject progetto di ricerca + onderzoeksproject + Forschungsprojekt + biological reserve An area of land and/or of water designated as having protected status for purposes of preserving certain biological features. Reserves are managed primarily to safeguard these features and provide opportunities for research into the problems underlying the management of natural sites and of vegetation and animal populations. Regulations are normally imposed controlling public access and disturbance. réserve biologique - Biologisches Schutzgebiet - biologisch reserve riserve biologiche + biologisch reserve + Biologisches Schutzgebiet + + + @@ -45270,9 +65129,11 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.reservoir An artificial or natural storage place for water, such as a lake or pond, from which the water may be withdrawn as for irrigation, municipal water supply, or flood control. bassin de retenue - Speicherbecken - spaarbekken riserva di acqua + spaarbekken + Speicherbecken + + @@ -45282,9 +65143,12 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.residential area Area that has only private houses, not offices and factories. zone résidentielle - Wohngebiet - woonwijk area residenziale + woonwijk + Wohngebiet + + + @@ -45293,9 +65157,11 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.residential building A building allocated for residence. bâtiment d'habitation - Wohngebäude - woningbouw edificio abitativo + woningbouw + Wohngebäude + + @@ -45306,36 +65172,44 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.residential area with traffic calmings Residential zones where raised areas are built across roads so that vehicles are forced to move more slowly along it. mesures de réduction de vitesse en zone résidentielle - Wohngebiet (mit Verkehrsberuhigung) - woonerf zona residenziale con dossi di rallentamento + woonerf + Wohngebiet (mit Verkehrsberuhigung) + + + + + residual amount of water Amount of water left in a water course after it has fed a hydropower plant in order to maintain a satisfactory dry-weather-flow for allowing the survival of biotic communities. quantité résiduelle d'eau - Restwassermenge - overgebleven hoeveelheid water acqua residua + overgebleven hoeveelheid water + Restwassermenge + residual risk Remaining potential for harm to persons, property or the environment following all possible efforts to reduce predictable hazards. risque résiduel - Restrisiko - restrisico rischio residuo + restrisico + Restrisiko + residual waste Material left after any waste treatment process, including industrial, urban, agricultural, mining or other similar treatments. déchêt résiduel - Restabfall - restafval rifiuto residuo + restafval + Restabfall + @@ -45347,18 +65221,25 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.residue analysis Analysis of residues from agricultural chemicals used in food crops and contained in foodstuff. The analyses use gas chromatography, liquid chromatography, mass spectrometry, immunoassays, etc. analyse des résidus - Rückstandsanalyse - restanalyse analisi dei residui + restanalyse + Rückstandsanalyse + + + + + + banking Transactional business between any bank, an institution for safeguarding, exchanging, receiving and lending money, and that bank's clients or customers. activité bancaire - Bankwesen - bankwezen [geld] attività bancaria + bankwezen [geld] + Bankwesen + @@ -45366,18 +65247,20 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.residue recycling Recycling of material or energy which is left over or wasted in industrial processes and other human activities. Examples include waste heat and gaseous pollutants from electricity generation, slag from metal-ore refining, and garbage. A residual becomes an output or input when a technological advance creates economic opportunities for the waste. recyclage des résidus - Rückstandsverwertung - hergebruik van resten riciclaggio dei residui + hergebruik van resten + Rückstandsverwertung + resin Any of a class of solid or semisolid organic products of natural or synthetic origin with no definite melting point, generally of high molecular weight; most resins are polymers. résine - Harz - hars resina + hars + Harz + @@ -45387,27 +65270,31 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.1) The ability of a plant to overcome, retard, suppress, or prevent infection or colonization by a pathogen, parasite, or adverse abiotic factor. 2) The ability of insects, fungi, weeds, or other pests to survive normally lethal doses of an insecticide, fungicide, herbicide, or other pesticide. résistance (biologique) - Resistenz - weerstand(svermogen) resistenza (biologica) + weerstand(svermogen) + Resistenz + resolution (act) A formal expression of the opinion of an official body or a public assembly, adopted by vote, as a legislative resolution. résolution - Resolution - besluit risoluzione (atto) + besluit + Resolution + resorption Absorption or, less commonly, adsorption of material by a body or system from which the material was previously released. résorption - Resorption - resorptie riassorbimento + resorptie + Resorption + + @@ -45415,9 +65302,10 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.resource Any component of the environment that can be utilized by an organism. ressources - Ressource - (natuurlijke) hulpbronnen risorse + (natuurlijke) hulpbronnen + Ressource + @@ -45431,9 +65319,12 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.resource appraisal Assessment of the availability of resources in a given area. évaluation des ressources - Ressourcenbewertung - inschatting van (natuurlijke) hulpbronnen valutazione di risorse + inschatting van (natuurlijke) hulpbronnen + Ressourcenbewertung + + + @@ -45441,9 +65332,13 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.resource conservation Reduction of overall resource consumption and utilization of recovered resources in order to avoid waste. conservation des ressources - Ressourcenpflege - behoud van (natuurlijke) hulpbronnen conservazione delle risorse + behoud van (natuurlijke) hulpbronnen + Ressourcenpflege + + + + @@ -45456,9 +65351,10 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. resource exploitation exploitation des ressources - Rohstoffausbeutung - exploitatie van (natuurlijke) hulpbronnen sfruttamento di risorse + exploitatie van (natuurlijke) hulpbronnen + Rohstoffausbeutung + @@ -45469,9 +65365,13 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. resource reserve réserve de ressources - Ressourcenvorrat - voorraad aan (natuurlijke) hulpbronnen riserva per le risorse + voorraad aan (natuurlijke) hulpbronnen + Ressourcenvorrat + + + + @@ -45480,9 +65380,13 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.resources management A conscious process of decision-making whereby natural and cultural resources are allocated over time and space to optimize the attainment of stated objectives of a society, within the framework of its technology, political and social institutions, and legal and administrative arrangements. An important objective is the conservation of resources, implying a close and integrated relationship between the ecological basis and the socio-economic system. gestion des ressources - Ressourcenbewirtschaftung - beheer van (natuurlijke) hulpbronnen gestione delle risorse + beheer van (natuurlijke) hulpbronnen + Ressourcenbewirtschaftung + + + + @@ -45497,9 +65401,10 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.respiration The process in living organisms of taking in oxygen from the surroundings and giving out carbon dioxide. respiration - Atmung - ademhaling respirazione + ademhaling + Atmung + @@ -45507,17 +65412,19 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.respiratory air Air volumes inspired and expired through the lungs. air respiratoire - Atemluft - ingeademde lucht aria respiratoria + ingeademde lucht + Atemluft + respiratory disease maladie respiratoire - Atemwegserkrankung - ademhalingsziekte malattia respiratoria + ademhalingsziekte + Atemwegserkrankung + @@ -45526,9 +65433,12 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.sewage spreading prohibition Prohibition of spreading sewage sludge on land to prevent accumulation of toxic heavy metals in excessive quantities. interdiction d'épandre les eaux usées - Aufbringungsverbot - verbod op de verspreiding van afvalwater divieto di scarico + verbod op de verspreiding van afvalwater + Aufbringungsverbot + + + @@ -45536,9 +65446,12 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.respiratory protection apparatus Any of a group of devices that protect the respiratory system from exposure to airborne contaminants; usually a mask with a fitting to cover the nose and mouth. appareil de protection respiratoire - Atemschutzgerät - toestel om de luchtwegen te beschermen dispositivo per la protezione della respirazione + toestel om de luchtwegen te beschermen + Atemschutzgerät + + + @@ -45547,9 +65460,11 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.respiratory system The structures and passages involved with the intake, expulsion and exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the vertebrate body. système respiratoire - Atmungssystem - ademhalingsstelsel sistema respiratorio + ademhalingsstelsel + Atmungssystem + + @@ -45559,18 +65474,21 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.respiratory tract The structures and passages involved with intake, expulsion, and exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the vertebrate body. voie respiratoire - Atemtrakt - ademhalingskanaal vie respiratorie + ademhalingskanaal + Atemtrakt + + responsibility The obligation to answer for an act done, and to repair or otherwise make restitution for any injury it may have caused. responsabilité - Zuständigkeit - verantwoordelijkheid responsabilità + verantwoordelijkheid + Zuständigkeit + @@ -45578,9 +65496,11 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.impact reversal The counteracting or undoing of negative effects or influences on the environment. inversion de l'impact - Aufhebung von Schadwirkungen - het ongedaan maken van de effecten van iets ricupero degli impatti + het ongedaan maken van de effecten van iets + Aufhebung von Schadwirkungen + + @@ -45590,18 +65510,20 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.resting form Resistant structure that allows the organism to survive adverse environmental conditions. état d'hibernation - Dauerform - rustvorm forma quiescente + rustvorm + Dauerform + restoration The process of renewing or returning something to its original, normal or unimpaired condition, particularly works of art, cultural artifacts, furniture or buildings. restauration - Restaurierung - herstel restauro + herstel + Restaurierung + @@ -45609,54 +65531,64 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.restoration measure Procedure or course of action taken to reestablish or bring back to state of environmental or ecological health. mesure de restauration - Sanierungsmassnahme - herstelmaatregel misura di risanamento + herstelmaatregel + Sanierungsmassnahme + + barium A soft silvery-white metallic element of the alkaline earth group. It is used in bearing alloys and compounds are used as pigments. baryum - Barium - barium bario + barium + Barium + restriction of production Any decision, action or policy which limits or constrains the making of valued goods or services. limitation de production - Produktionsbeschränkung - productiebeperking restrizione alla produzione + productiebeperking + Produktionsbeschränkung + + restriction on use A limitation on the utilization of land or some other property, often inscribed in a deed or lease document. restriction concernant l'utilisation - Anwendungsbeschränkung - gebruiksbeperking limitazioni sull'uso + gebruiksbeperking + Anwendungsbeschränkung + retail trade The sale of goods to ultimate consumers, usually in small quantities. commerce de détail - Einzelhandel - detailhandel commercio al dettaglio + detailhandel + Einzelhandel + + retarding basin A basin designed and operated to provide temporary storage and thus reduce the peak flood flows of a stream. bassin de rétention des crues - Rückhaltebecken - remmingsbekken bacino di trattenuta + remmingsbekken + Rückhaltebecken + + @@ -45664,26 +65596,33 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.1) Addition of a pollution control device on an existing facility without making major changes to the generating plant. 2) Providing a jet, an automobile, a computer, or a factory, for example, with parts, devices or equipment not in existence or available at the time of original manufacture. traitement 'end of pipe' - Nachrüstung - het aanbrengen van nieuwe onderdelen [in oudere modellen] ammodernamento + het aanbrengen van nieuwe onderdelen [in oudere modellen] + Nachrüstung + return to nature retour à la nature - Auswilderung - terug naar de natuur ritorno alla natura + terug naar de natuur + Auswilderung + reusable container Any container which has been conceived and designed to accomplish within its life cycle a minimum number of trips or rotations in order to be refilled or reused for the same purpose for which it was conceived. conteneur réutilisable - Mehrwegverpackung - hergebruikbare verpakking contenitore riutilizzabile + hergebruikbare verpakking + Mehrwegverpackung + + + + + @@ -45692,18 +65631,22 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.activated carbon A powdered, granular or pelleted form of amorphous carbon characterized by a very large surface area per unit volume because of an enormous number of fine pores. charbon actif - Aktivkohle - actieve kool carbone attivo + actieve kool + Aktivkohle + + reuse of materials Any re-utilization of products or components, in original form, such as when used glass bottles are sterilized and refilled for resale. réemploi de matériaux - Rohstoffwiederverwendung - hergebruik van materialen riutilizzazione di materiali + hergebruik van materialen + Rohstoffwiederverwendung + + @@ -45711,72 +65654,89 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.revegetation Planting of new trees and, particularly, of native plants in disturbed sites where the vegetation cover has been destroyed, to stabilize the land surface from wind and water erosion and to reclame the land for other uses. Revegetation practices are employed in mined lands, roadsides, parks, wetlands, utility corridors, riparian areas, etc. végétalisation - Wiederbegrünung - herbegroeiing restauro del manto vegetale + herbegroeiing + Wiederbegrünung + + + reverse osmosis A method of obtaining pure water from water containing a salt, as in desalination. Pure water and the salt water are separated by a semipermeable membrane and the pressure of the salt water is raised above the osmotic pressure, causing water from the brine to pass through the membrane into the pure water. This process requires a pressure of some 25 atmospheres, which makes it difficult to apply on a large scale. osmose inverse - Umkehrosmose - omgekeerde osmose osmosi inversa + omgekeerde osmose + Umkehrosmose + + + + rice An erect grass, Oryza sativa, that grows in East Asia on wet ground and has drooping flower spikes and yellow oblong edible grains that become white when polished. riz - Reis - rijst riso + rijst + Reis + + + petition right A legal guarantee or just claim enabling a citizen or employee to compose and submit a formal written request to an authority asking for some benefit or favor or for intervention and redress of some wrong. droit de pétition - Antragsrecht - klachtrecht diritto di petizione + klachtrecht + Antragsrecht + right of property The legal guarantee or just claim inhering in a citizen's relation to some physical thing, but especially a plot of land, including the right to possess, use and dispose of it. droit de propriété - Eigentumsordnung - eigendomsrecht diritto di proprietà + eigendomsrecht + Eigentumsordnung + right to compensation A legally enforceable claim for payment or reimbursement to pay for damages, loss or injury, or for remuneration to pay for services rendered, whether in fees, commissions or salary. droit de compensation - Entschädigungsrecht - recht op schadevergoeding diritto di compensazione + recht op schadevergoeding + Entschädigungsrecht + right to information The individual's right to know in general about the existence of data banks, the right to be informed on request and the general right to a print-out of the information registered and to know the actual use made of the information. droit à l'information - Auskunftsanspruch - recht op informatie diritto all'informazione + recht op informatie + Auskunftsanspruch + + + ringing (wildlife) To attach a numbered ring to the leg of a bird so that its movements can be recorded. Ringing is a very common method of tracing bird movement and providing information about bird's ages. It can also cause stress to the birds. baguage - Beringung - ringen inanellamento + ringen + Beringung + @@ -45785,9 +65745,12 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.rinsing The removal of thin layers of surface material more or less evenly from an extensive area of gently sloping land, by broad continuous sheets of running water rather than by streams flowing in well-defined channels; e.g. erosion that occurs when rain washes away a thin layer of topsoil. rinçage - Spülen - afspoelen dilavamento (idrologia) + afspoelen + Spülen + + + @@ -45795,18 +65758,21 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.1) Terrestrial areas where the vegetation complex and microclimate are products of the combined pressure and influence of perennial and/or intermittent water... and soils that exhibit some wetness characteristics. 2) Zone situated on the bank of a water course such as a river or stream. zone riveraine - Gewässerrandstreifen - (rivier)oeverstrook zona ripariale + (rivier)oeverstrook + Gewässerrandstreifen + + rising (geological) The slow vertical instability of the earth crust involving up-and-down movements as in the volcanic district west of Naples, Italy. montée (géologique) - Geländeerhebung - opheffing (geologisch) innalzamento + opheffing (geologisch) + Geländeerhebung + @@ -45814,18 +65780,22 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.rising sea level Sea level rises are a possible consequence of global warming. As the amount of free water in the ocean increases, and as the water becomes warmer, global warming will increase. In addition, according to theory, the heating at the poles may reduce the amount of water trapped in glaciers and ice caps. By the year 3000, the seas could rise between one and two metres. Such an event would clearly threaten low-lying areas, particularly in Asia, where million of people live and farm on river deltas and flood plains. élévation du niveau de la mer - Meeresspiegelanstieg - stijgende zeespiegel innalzamento del livello del mare (idrologia) + stijgende zeespiegel + Meeresspiegelanstieg + + + risk The expected number of lives lost, persons injured, damage to property and disruption of economic activity due to a particular natural phenomenon, and consequently the product of the probability of occurrence and the expected magnitude of damage. risque - Risiko - risico's rischio + risico's + Risiko + @@ -45842,9 +65812,11 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.risk analysis Technique used to determine the likelihood or chance of hazardous events occurring (such as release of a certain quantity of a toxic gas) and the likely consequences. Originally developed for use in nuclear and chemical industry where certain possible events, of low probability, could have extremely serious results. Attempts are being made to use concepts from probabilistic risk analysis to characterise environmental impacts, whose occurrence and nature are not easy to predict with any degree of accuracy. analyse du risque - Risikoanalyse - risicoanalyse analisi dei rischi + risicoanalyse + Risikoanalyse + + @@ -45852,9 +65824,10 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.risk assessment The qualitative and quantitative evaluation performed in an effort to define the risk posed to human health and/or the environment by an action or by the presence or use of a specific substance or pollutant. évaluation du risque - Risikobewertung - inschatting van het risico valutazione del rischio + inschatting van het risico + Risikobewertung + @@ -45879,36 +65852,43 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.risk-benefit analysis A systematic process of evaluating and assessing the hazards of loss versus the possibility of financial gain or profit. analyse risques avantages - Risiko-Nutzen-Analyse - risico-batenanalyse analisi rischi-benefici + risico-batenanalyse + Risiko-Nutzen-Analyse + + risk communication The exchange of information about health or environmental risks among risk assessors and managers, the general public, news media, interest groups, etc. communication en matière de risques - Risikokommunikation - mededeling van risicogegevens comunicazione dei rischi + mededeling van risicogegevens + Risikokommunikation + risk perception A subjective appreciation by individuals which will more often than not bear little relation to the statistical probability of damage or injury. perception du risque - Risikowahrnehmung - voorstelling dat men van een risico heeft percezione del rischio + voorstelling dat men van een risico heeft + Risikowahrnehmung + + risk reduction Any act, instance or process lowering the probability that harm will come to an area or its population as the result of some hazard. réduction des risques - Risikominderung - risicobeperking riduzione del rischio + risicobeperking + Risikominderung + + @@ -45916,9 +65896,11 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.river A stream of water which flows in a channel from high ground to low ground and ultimately to a lake or the sea, except in a desert area where it may dwindle away to nothing. A river and all its tributaries within a single basin is termed a drainage system. fleuve - Fluß - rivier fiume + rivier + Fluß + + @@ -45930,9 +65912,11 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.river basin development Any growth, maturation or change in an area of land drained by a river and its tributaries. développement de bassin fluvial - Entwicklung des Flussbeckens - rivierbekkenontwikkeling sviluppo di bacino fluviale + rivierbekkenontwikkeling + Entwicklung des Flussbeckens + + @@ -45941,27 +65925,32 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.river channelling The alteration of a natural stream by excavation, realignment, lining or other means to accelerate the flow of water. canalisation de fleuves ou de rivières - Flußregulierung - stroomgeulvorming canalizzazione dei fiumi + stroomgeulvorming + Flußregulierung + + baseline monitoring Monitoring of long-term changes in atmospheric compositions of particular significance to the weather and the climate. station de référence de surveillance - Grundüberwachung - referentiemeting monitoraggio del livello di base + referentiemeting + Grundüberwachung + river pollution The direct or indirect human alteration of the biological, physical, chemical or radiological integrity of river water, or a river ecosystem. pollution de cours d'eau - Flußverunreinigung - rivierverontreiniging inquinamento dei fiumi + rivierverontreiniging + Flußverunreinigung + + @@ -45969,18 +65958,22 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.river water Water which flows in a channel from high ground to low ground and ultimately to a lake or the sea, except in a desert area where it may dwindle away to nothing. eau fluviale - Flußwasser - rivierwater acqua fluviale + rivierwater + Flußwasser + road A long piece of hard ground that people can drive along from one place to another. route - Straße - weg strada + weg + Straße + + + @@ -45994,9 +65987,11 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. road construction construction routière - Straßenbau - wegenbouw costruzione di strade + wegenbouw + Straßenbau + + @@ -46004,27 +65999,31 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.road maintenance The care or upkeep of streets, highways and other routes, including improvements in alignment, widening and markings, and work involving buried cables, water mains or gas mains. entretien routier - Straßenunterhaltung - wegenonderhoud manutenzione stradale + wegenonderhoud + Straßenunterhaltung + base (chemical) Any chemical species, ionic or molecular, capable of accepting or receiving a proton (hydrogen ion) from another substance; the other substance acts as an acid in giving of the proton; the other ion is a base. base (chimie) - Basen (chemisch) - base [chemische stof] base (chimica) + base [chemische stof] + Basen (chemisch) + road safety Any measure, technique or design intended to reduce the risk of harm posed by moving vehicles along a constructed land route. sécurité routière - Straßenverkehrssicherheit - verkeersveiligheid sicurezza stradale + verkeersveiligheid + Straßenverkehrssicherheit + + @@ -46032,9 +66031,11 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.road salt Salt used against the formation of ice on roads; when excess salt washes off the roads, it can poison roadside vegetation or raise salt concentrations in streams and reserves of underground water. It also accelerates the deterioration of concrete and metal. sel d'épandage - Streusalz - weg(en)zout sale da spargere + weg(en)zout + Streusalz + + @@ -46042,9 +66043,11 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.road traffic Circulation of motor vehicles and people on the road network. trafic routier - Straßenverkehr - wegverkeer traffico su strada + wegverkeer + Straßenverkehr + + @@ -46059,27 +66062,34 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.road traffic engineering Discipline which includes the design of highways and pedestrian ways, the study and application of traffic statistics, and the environmental aspects of the transportation of goods and people. génie de la circulation routière - Straßenverkehrstechnik - wegverkeerstechnologie ingegneria del traffico stradale + wegverkeerstechnologie + Straßenverkehrstechnik + + road transport Transportation of goods and persons by vehicles travelling on a road network. transport routier - Straßentransport - wegvervoer trasporto su strada + wegvervoer + Straßentransport + + rock Any aggregate of minerals that makes up part of the earth's crust. It may be unconsolidated, such as sand, clay, or mud, or consolidated, such as granite, limestone, or coal. roche - Fels - gesteente roccia + gesteente + Fels + + + @@ -46095,63 +66105,75 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.activated sludge Sludge that has been aerated and subjected to bacterial action; used to speed breakdown of organism matter in raw sewage during secondary waste treatment. boue activée - Belebtschlamm - actief slib fango attivo + actief slib + Belebtschlamm + + + basic food requirement The minimum nutriments deemed necessary for a person of a particular age, gender, physiological condition and activity level to sustain life, health and growth. besoins alimentaires de base - Grundnahrungsmittelbedarf - basisbehoefte aan voedsel esigenza alimentare di base + basisbehoefte aan voedsel + Grundnahrungsmittelbedarf + rock wool A generic term for felted or matted fibers manufactured by blowing or spinning threads of molten rock, slag, or glass. The material is used for thermal insulation. laine de roche - Steinwolle - steenwol lana di roccia + steenwol + Steinwolle + + rodent Any of the relatively small placental mammals that constitute the order Rodentia, having constantly growing incisor teeth specialized for gnawing. rongeur - Nagetier - knaagdieren roditori + knaagdieren + Nagetier + basicity The state of a solution of containing an excess of hydroxyl ions. basicité - Basizität - basiciteit basicità + basiciteit + Basizität + root The absorbing and anchoring organ of a vascular plant; it bears neither leaves nor flowers and is usually subterranean. racine - Wurzel - wortel radice + wortel + Wurzel + rotary furnace A heat-treating furnace of circular construction which rotates the workpiece around the axis of the furnace during heat treatment; workpieces are transported through the furnace along a circular path. four tournant - Drehofen - draaioven forno a suola rotante + draaioven + Drehofen + + + @@ -46159,9 +66181,11 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.route Any established or selected course for passage or travel. itinéraire - Fahrweg (Streckenführung) - weg percorso + weg + Fahrweg (Streckenführung) + + @@ -46169,9 +66193,13 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.route planning The activity of designing, organizing or preparing for the construction of boulevards, turnpikes, highways and other roads. planification de l'itinéraire - Tourenplan - weguitstippeling pianificazione dei percorsi + weguitstippeling + Tourenplan + + + + @@ -46180,9 +66208,10 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.rubber A cream to dark brown elastic material obtained by coagulating and drying the latex from certain plants, especially the rubber tree. caoutchouc - Gummi - rubber gomma + rubber + Gummi + @@ -46190,18 +66219,22 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.rubber processing The systematic series of actions in which a solid substance deriving from rubber trees and plants is toughened and treated chemically to give it the strength, elasticity, resistance and other qualities needed for the manufacture of products such as erasers, elastic bands, water hoses, electrical insulation and tires. traitement du caoutchouc - Gummiverarbeitung - rubberverwerking trattamento della gomma + rubberverwerking + Gummiverarbeitung + rubber processing industry A sector of the economy in which an aggregate of commercial enterprises is engaged in the manufacture and marketing of natural or synthetic rubber products. industrie du caoutchouc - Gummiindustrie - rubberverwerkende industrie industria dei lavorati della gomma + rubberverwerkende industrie + Gummiindustrie + + + @@ -46209,18 +66242,20 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.rubber waste Any refuse or unwanted material made of synthetic or natural rubber, often the byproduct of rubber processing. déchet de caoutchouc - Altgummi - rubberafval rifiuto di gomma + rubberafval + Altgummi + basidiomycete basidiomycète - Basidiomyceten - basidiomycete basidiomiceti + basidiomycete + Basidiomyceten + @@ -46228,9 +66263,11 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.runoff Rate at which water is removed by flowing over the soil surface. This rate is determined by the texture of the soil, slope, climate, and land use cover (e.g. paved surface, grass, forest, bare soil). ruissellement - Abfluß - afwatering ruscellamento + afwatering + Abfluß + + @@ -46241,9 +66278,11 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.rural area Area outside the limits of any incorporated or unincorporated city, town, village, or any other designated residential or commercial area such as a subdivision, a business or shopping center, or community development. espace rural - Ländlicher Raum - platteland area rurale + platteland + Ländlicher Raum + + @@ -46257,27 +66296,35 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.rural environment Environment pertaining to the countryside. milieu rural - Ländliche Umwelt - plattelandsomgeving ambiente rurale + plattelandsomgeving + Ländliche Umwelt + + rural population The total number of persons inhabiting an agricultural or pastoral region. population rurale - Ländliche Bevölkerung - plattelandsbevolking popolazione rurale + plattelandsbevolking + Ländliche Bevölkerung + + rural settlement A collection of dwellings located in a rural area. établissement rural - Ländliche Siedlung - nederzetting in het platteland insediamenti rurali + nederzetting in het platteland + Ländliche Siedlung + + + + @@ -46286,36 +66333,44 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.agritourism Holidays organized in a farm: meals are prepared with natural products and guests are entertained with handicraft, sporting and agricultural activities. tourisme rural - Agrartourismus - landbouwtoerisme agriturismo + landbouwtoerisme + Agrartourismus + + + + rural water supply approvisionnement en eau des zones rurales - Ländliche Wasserversorgung - plattelandswatervoorziening fabbisogno agricolo di acqua + plattelandswatervoorziening + Ländliche Wasserversorgung + + batch process A process that is not in continuous or mass production; operations are carried out with discrete quantities of material or a limited number of items. procédé discontinu - Diskontinuierliches Verfahren - ladingsgewijs proces processo discontinuo + ladingsgewijs proces + Diskontinuierliches Verfahren + safety The state of being secure from harm, injury, danger or risk, often as a result of planned measures or preparations. sécurité - Sicherheit - veiligheid sicurezza + veiligheid + Sicherheit + @@ -46329,9 +66384,11 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.safety analysis The process of studying the need for or efficacy of actions, procedures or devices intended to lower the occurrence or risk of injury, loss and danger to persons, property or the environment. analyse de sécurité - Sicherheitsanalyse - veiligheidsanalyse analisi della sicurezza + veiligheidsanalyse + Sicherheitsanalyse + + @@ -46339,9 +66396,10 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.safety measure An action, procedure or contrivance designed to lower the occurrence or risk of injury, loss and danger to persons, property or the environment. mesure de sécurité - Sicherheitsmaßnahme - veiligheidsmaatregel misura di sicurezza + veiligheidsmaatregel + Sicherheitsmaßnahme + @@ -46367,9 +66425,11 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.safety rule A principle or regulation governing actions, procedures or devices intended to lower the occurrence or risk of injury, loss and danger to persons, property or the environment. règle de sécurité - Sicherheitsvorschrift - veiligheidsvoorschrift norma sulla sicurezza + veiligheidsvoorschrift + Sicherheitsvorschrift + + @@ -46378,9 +66438,11 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.safety standard A norm or measure applicable in legal cases for any action, procedure or contrivance designed to lower the occurrence or risk of injury, loss and danger to persons, property or the environment. norme de sécurité - Sicherheitsstandard - veiligheidsnorm norma di sicurezza + veiligheidsnorm + Sicherheitsstandard + + @@ -46390,36 +66452,42 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.safety standard for building A collection of rules and regulations adopted by authorities concerning structural and mechanical standards for safety. norme de sécurité des bâtiments - Sicherheitsstandard für Gebäude - veiligheidsnorm voor de bouw norme di sicurezza per edifici + veiligheidsnorm voor de bouw + Sicherheitsstandard für Gebäude + + safety study Research, detailed examination and usually a written report on the need for or efficacy of actions, procedures or devices intended to lower the occurrence or risk of injury, loss and danger to persons, property or the environment. étude de sûreté - Sicherheitsstudie - veiligheidsonderzoek studio sulla sicurezza + veiligheidsonderzoek + Sicherheitsstudie + + salamander Any of various urodele amphibians, such as Salamandra salamandra of central and S Europe. They are typically terrestrial, have an elongated body, and only return to water to breed. salamandre - Salamander - salamanders salamandre + salamanders + Salamander + salination The accumulation of soluble salts by evaporation of the waters that bore them to the soil zone, in a soil of an arid, poorly drained region. ensalement - Versalzung - zoutwinning salinizzazione + zoutwinning + Versalzung + @@ -46428,18 +66496,24 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.salmonella General name for a family of microorganisms, one of the largest groups of bacteria, that includes those most frequently implicated in food poisoning and gastroenteritis. Unhygienic handling and inadequate cooking of poultry and meat, improper storage of cold meats and, more recently, contamination of battery-reared hen eggs, are the most common sources of salmonella infections. salmonelle - Salmonellen - salmonella salmonella + salmonella + Salmonellen + + salt content Amount of salt contained in a solution. teneur en sels - Salzgehalt - zoutgehalte contenuto di sale + zoutgehalte + Salzgehalt + + + + @@ -46448,9 +66522,12 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. salt load charge en sel - Salzbelastung - zoutlading carico salino + zoutlading + Salzbelastung + + + @@ -46458,27 +66535,33 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.salt marsh Areas of brackish, shallow water usually found in coastal areas and in deltas. There are also inland marshes in arid areas where the water has a high salt level because of evaporation. They are environmentally delicate areas, extremely vulnerable to pollution by industrial or agricultural chemicals, or to thermal pollution, which often results when river water has been used as the coolant in power stations and industrial plants. schorre - Salzsumpf - zoutmoeras palude salmastra + zoutmoeras + Salzsumpf + + salt meadow A meadow subject to overflow by salt water. pré salé - Salzwiese - met kweldergras begroeide kwelder prato salmastro + met kweldergras begroeide kwelder + Salzwiese + + bathing water All waters, inland or coastal, except those intended for therapeutic purposes or used in swimming pools, an area either in which bathing is explicitly authorised or in which bathing is not prohibited and is traditionally practised by a large number of bathers. Water in such areas must meet specified quality standards relating to chemical, microbiological and physical parameters. eau de baignade - Badegewässer - zwemwater (algemeen) acque per balneazione + zwemwater (algemeen) + Badegewässer + + @@ -46490,18 +66573,21 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.salt plug A mass of salt which is injected as a diapir (a dome in which the overlying rocks have been ruptured by the squeezing-out of plastic core material) into overlying sedimentary rocks, thereby piercing and deforming them. The mechanism is similar to that of an intrusive magma, with the salt deforming and behaving plastically under pressure. It is of great economic importance because it assists in the formation of a "trap" structure for oil accumulation, in addition to its associated deposits of anhydrite, gypsum and sulphur. dôme de sel - Salzstock - zoutkoepel duomo salino + zoutkoepel + Salzstock + + salt The reaction product when a metal displaces the hydrogen of an acid. sels - Salze - zouten sale + zouten + Salze + @@ -46509,9 +66595,11 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.salt water Water of the seas, distinguished by high salinity. eau salée - Salzwasser - zout water acqua salata + zout water + Salzwasser + + @@ -46521,9 +66609,12 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.salvage The act, process, or business of rescuing vessels or their cargoes from loss at sea. valorisation de terres - Bergung - berging ricupero in mare + berging + Bergung + + + @@ -46531,9 +66622,11 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.sampling The obtaining of small representative quantities of material for the purpose of analysis. échantillonnage - Probenahme - monstername campionamento + monstername + Probenahme + + @@ -46541,17 +66634,19 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.sampling technique Method of selecting items at random from a set in such a manner that the sample will be representative of the whole. technique d'échantillonnage - Probenahmemethode - monsternametechniek tecnica di campionatura + monsternametechniek + Probenahmemethode + sanction sanction - Sanktion - straf sanzione + straf + Sanktion + @@ -46563,9 +66658,11 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.sand A loose material consisting of small mineral particles, or rock and mineral particles, distinguishable by the naked eye; grains vary from almost spherical to angular, with a diameter range from 1/16 to 2 millimeters. sable - Sand - zand sabbia + zand + Sand + + @@ -46574,27 +66671,35 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.sand dune fixation Stabilization of dunes effected by the planting of marram grass (Ammophila arenaria), or rice grass, whose long roots bind the surface layers of sand and so hinder its removal by wind. A larger scale method of dealing with the same problem is by afforestation. fixation des dunes de sable - Sanddünenstabilisierung - vastleggen van de duinen stabilizzazione delle dune di sabbia + vastleggen van de duinen + Sanddünenstabilisierung + + + + + sand dune An accumulation of loose sand heaped up by the wind, commonly found along low-lying seashores above high-tide level, more rarely on the border of large lakes or river valleys, as well as in various desert regions, where there is abundant dry surface sand during some part of the year. dune de sable - Sanddüne - (zand)duin dune di sabbia + (zand)duin + Sanddüne + sand extraction The extraction of sand by mining for building purposes and for the extraction of heavy minerals such as rutile and zircon. extraction de sable - Sandabbau - zandwinning estrazione di sabbia + zandwinning + Sandabbau + + @@ -46602,63 +66707,79 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.sand pit A place where sand is extracted from the ground. sablière - Sandgrube - zandgroeve cava di sabbia + zandgroeve + Sandgrube + + + sanitary fitting The set of furnishings designed for personal hygiene and the disposal of organic waste. équipement sanitaire - Sanitäre Einrichtung - sanitair sanitari + sanitair + Sanitäre Einrichtung + + + sanitary landfill An engineered method of disposing of solid waste on land in a manner that protects the environment, by spreading the waste in thin layers, compacting it to the smallest practical volume and covering it with compacted soil by the end of each working day or at more frequent intervals if necessary. décharge contrôlée - Geordnete Deponie - hygiënisch afgedekte vuilstortplaats discarica controllata + hygiënisch afgedekte vuilstortplaats + Geordnete Deponie + + sanitation The study and use of practical measures for the preservation of public health. santé publique et assainissement - Hygienisierung - bevordering van de (volks)gezondheid misure sanitarie + bevordering van de (volks)gezondheid + Hygienisierung + sanitation plan Plans for the control of the physical factors in the human environment that can harm development, health, or survival. plan d'assainissement - Hygieneplan - afvalverwerkingsplan piano di risanamento + afvalverwerkingsplan + Hygieneplan + + saprobic index Indication or measure of the level of organic pollution. index saprobie - Saprobienindex - gehalte aan rottend organisch materiaal indice saprobico + gehalte aan rottend organisch materiaal + Saprobienindex + + + battery A series of cells, each containing the essentials for producing voltaic electricity, connected together. batterie - Batterie - batterij batteria + batterij + Batterie + + @@ -46669,18 +66790,21 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.saprobe Referring to the classification of organisms according to the way in which they tolerate pollution. saprobie - Saprobien - water rijk aan rottend organisch materiaal saprobio + water rijk aan rottend organisch materiaal + Saprobien + + satellite An object that orbits around a larger one. Artificial satellites orbiting the Earth are used for communications, the gathering of military intelligence, the monitoring of weather and other environmental phenomena, etc. satellite - Satellit - satelliet satellite + satelliet + Satellit + @@ -46689,44 +66813,53 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.saving The amount of current income which is not spent for survival or enjoyment. épargne - Ersparnis - besparing risparmio + besparing + Ersparnis + + + sawdust Wood fragments made by a saw in cutting. sciure - Sägemehl - zaagsel segatura + zaagsel + Sägemehl + battery disposal élimination des batteries - Batterieentsorgung - batterijverwerking smaltimento di batterie + batterijverwerking + Batterieentsorgung + + schistosomiasis A disease in which humans are parasitized by any of three species of blood flukes: Schistosoma mansoni, S. haematobium, and S. japonicum; adult worms inhabit the blood vessels. schistosomiase - Schistosomiasis - infectie met parasitaire zuigwormen schistosomiasi + infectie met parasitaire zuigwormen + Schistosomiasis + school An institution or building at which children and young people receive education. établissement scolaire - Schule - school scuola + school + Schule + + @@ -46734,18 +66867,20 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.school teaching Instruction or training received in any educational institution, but especially to persons under college age. enseignement scolaire - Schulunterricht - schoolonderwijs insegnamento scolastico + schoolonderwijs + Schulunterricht + science The study of the physical universe and its contents by means of reproducible observations, measurements, and experiments to establish, verify, or modify general laws to explain its nature and behaviour. science - Wissenschaft - wetenschappen scienze + wetenschappen + Wissenschaft + @@ -46765,26 +66900,30 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.scientific and technical information Knowledge communicated or received pertaining to the systematic study of the physical world or to the mechanical or industrial arts. information scientifique et technique - Wissenschaftliche und technische Information - wetenschappelijke en technische informatie informazione scientifica e tecnica + wetenschappelijke en technische informatie + Wissenschaftliche und technische Information + scientific co-operation coopération scientifique - Wissenschaftliche Zusammenarbeit - wetenschappelijke samenwerking cooperazione scientifica + wetenschappelijke samenwerking + Wissenschaftliche Zusammenarbeit + + scientific policy A course of action adopted and pursued by government, business or some other organization, which promotes or determines the direction for the systematic study, research and experimentation of a particular aspect of the physical or material world, which may lead to scholarly contributions in a branch of knowledge. politique scientifique - Wissenschaftspolitik - wetenschappelijk beleid politica scientifica + wetenschappelijk beleid + Wissenschaftspolitik + @@ -46793,18 +66932,23 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.scoping procedure The prescribed step or manner of proceeding in an environmental impact assessment, by which a public discussion is held to discuss the information that needs to be developed, the alternatives that need to be considered and other important environmental issues. procédure de définition - Scoping-Verfahren - afbakeningsprocedure procedimento di valutazione + afbakeningsprocedure + Scoping-Verfahren + + scrap material Recyclable material from any manufacturing process or discarded consumer products. matériau de rebut - Altstoff (Abfall) - schroot materiale di scarto (rifiuti) + schroot + Altstoff (Abfall) + + + @@ -46816,9 +66960,11 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.scrap material market The trade or traffic in discarded or leftover materials that can be reused in some way. marché des matériaux de rebut - Altstoffmarkt - schrootmarkt mercato dell'usato + schrootmarkt + Altstoffmarkt + + @@ -46826,18 +66972,23 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.scrap material price The amount of money or the monetary rate at which materials discarded from manufacturing operations can be bought or sold. prix des matériaux de rebut - Altstoffpreis - schrootprijs prezzo dell'usato + schrootprijs + Altstoffpreis + + scrap metal Any metal material discarded from manufacturing operations and usually suitable for reprocessing. ferraille - Schrott - schroot rottame metallico + schroot + Schrott + + + @@ -46846,9 +66997,10 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.scrap vehicle Car which is delivered for breaking up or otherwise discarded. carcasse de véhicule - Autowrack - autowrak carcassa di veicolo + autowrak + Autowrack + @@ -46856,18 +67008,22 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.bay An open, curving indentation made by the sea or a lake into a coastline. baie - Bucht - baai baia + baai + Bucht + + screening The reduction of the electric field about a nucleus by the space charge of the surrounding electrons. mise sous écran protecteur - Abschirmung - afschermen schermatura + afschermen + Abschirmung + + @@ -46875,9 +67031,10 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.1) In general, the marine section of the globe as opposed to that of the land. 2) The name given to a body of salt water smaller than an ocean and generally in proximity to a continent. mer - Meer - zee mare + zee + Meer + @@ -46891,9 +67048,12 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.sea bed The bottom of the ocean. Also known as sea floor; sea bottom. The ocean floor is defined as the near-horizontal surface of the ocean basin. fond marin - Meeresboden - zeebodem fondo del mare + zeebodem + Meeresboden + + + @@ -46901,27 +67061,34 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.sea bed exploitation Marine mineral resources extend far beyond those presently exploited; minerals are derived from two separate types of marine sources: from sedimentary deposits underlying the continental shelves and from inshore deposits on the surface of the continental shelves. By far the most valuable of the mineral resources exploited from marine environments is petroleum. Offshore placer deposits on the surface of the continental shelves yield gold, platinum, and tin. On the floors of the world's oceans manganese nodules are found as a result of pelagic sedimentation or precipitation; they are small, irregular, black to brown, friable, laminated concretionary masses consisting primarily of manganese salts and manganese-oxide minerals. exploitation des fonds marins - Ausbeutung des Meeresgrundes - exploitatie van de zeebodem sfruttamento del fondo marino + exploitatie van de zeebodem + Ausbeutung des Meeresgrundes + + + sea bed mining The activity or processes involving the extraction of mineral deposits from the surface, or below the surface, of the ocean floor. extraction minière sur le fonds marin - Meereslagerstättenabbau - zandbankontginning attività mineraria sul fondo marino + zandbankontginning + Meereslagerstättenabbau + + sea circulation Large-scale horizontal water motion within an ocean. The way energy from the sun, stored in the sea, is transported around the world. The currents explain, for example, why the UK has ice-free ports in winter, while St. Petersburg, at the same latitude as the Shetland Islands, needs ice breakers. Evidence is growing that the world's ocean circulation was very different during the last ice age and has changed several times in the distant past, with dramatic effects on climate. The oceans are vital as storehouses, as they absorb more than half the sun's heat reaching the earth. This heat, which is primarily absorbed near the equator is carried around the world and released elsewhere, creating currents which last up to 1.000 years. As the Earth rotates and the wind acts upon the surface, currents carry warm tropical water to the cooler parts of the world. The strength and direction of the currents are affected by landmasses, bottlenecks through narrow straits, and even the shape of the sea-bed. When the warm water reaches polar regions its heat evaporates into the atmosphere, reducing its temperature and increasing its density. When sea-water freezes it leaves salt behind in the unfrozen water and this cold water sinks into the ocean and begins to flow back to the tropics. Eventually it is heated and begins the cycle all over again. circulation maritime - Meereskreislauf - zeestroming circolazione del mare + zeestroming + Meereskreislauf + + @@ -46929,9 +67096,11 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.beach The unconsolidated material that covers a gently sloping zone, typically with a concave profile, extending landward from the low-water line to the place where there is a definite change in material or physiographic from (such as a cliff), or to the line of permanent vegetation (usually the effective limit of the highest storm waves); a shore of body of water, formed and washed by waves or tides, usually covered by sand or gravel, and lacking a bare rocky surface. plage - Strand - strand spiaggia + strand + Strand + + @@ -46939,9 +67108,11 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.sea level The level of the surface of the ocean; especially, the mean level halfway between high and low tide, used as a standard in reckoning land elevation or sea depths. niveau de la mer - Meeresspiegel - zeespiegel livello del mare + zeespiegel + Meeresspiegel + + @@ -46950,18 +67121,26 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.sea level rise Sea-level rises are a possible consequence of global warming. As the amount of free water in the oceans increases, and as the water becomes warmer, global warming will increase. In addition, according to theory, the heating at the poles may reduce the amount of water trapped in glaciers and ice caps. elevation du niveau de la mer - Meeresspiegelanstieg - zeespiegelstijging innalzamento del livello del mare (effetto) + zeespiegelstijging + Meeresspiegelanstieg + + + sealing Luting, making watertight, waterproofing. étanchéification - Abdichtung - robbevangst sigillatura + robbevangst + Abdichtung + + + + + @@ -46971,27 +67150,36 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.seal (technical) Any device or system that creates a nonleaking union between two mechanical or process-system elements. appareil pour sceller - Dichtung - dichting guarnizione + dichting + Dichtung + + + + + sea outfall The point, location or structure where effluent discharges into a body of marine waters such as a sea, ocean, etc. embouchure - Meeresauslaß - afvoerbuis in zee scarico in mare + afvoerbuis in zee + Meeresauslaß + + sea resource Marine resources include food, energy and minerals. ressource marine - Meeresressourcen - zeeschatten risorse marine + zeeschatten + Meeresressourcen + + @@ -47001,9 +67189,11 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.seashore The zone of unconsolidated material that extends landward from the low water-line to where there is marked change in material or physiographic form or to the line of permanent vegetation. littoral maritime - Meeresküste - kust(strook) riva del mare + kust(strook) + Meeresküste + + @@ -47011,18 +67201,20 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.season One of the four equal periods into which the year is divided by the equinoxes and solstices, resulting from the apparent movement of the sun north and south of the equator during the course of the earth's orbit around it. These periods (spring, summer, autumn and winter) have their characteristic weather conditions in different regions, and occur at opposite times of the year in the N and S hemispheres. saison - Jahreszeit - jaargetijde stagione + jaargetijde + Jahreszeit + seasonal migration The periodic movement of a population from one region or climate to another in accordance with the yearly cycle of weather and temperature changes. migration saisonnière - Saisonwanderung - seizoensmigratie migrazione stagionle + seizoensmigratie + Saisonwanderung + @@ -47030,80 +67222,94 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.sea water Aqueous solution of salts in more or less constant ratio, whose composition depends on several factors among which predominate living organisms, detrital sedimentation and the related chemical reactions. Sea-water accounts for more than 98% of the mass of the hydrosphere and covers just over 70% of the globe. Because of the composition and stability of the oceans, and the way they are controlled, they are of great importance to the climate, and great attention has been given to studying the effects of pollution. Man's activities are believed to be accelerating the change in the composition of sea-water. eau de mer - Meerwasser - zeewater acqua di mare + zeewater + Meerwasser + sea water desalination Removing salt from ocean or brackish water. dessalement de l'eau de mer - Meerwasserentsalzung - ontzouting van zeewater desalinazione dell'acqua di mare + ontzouting van zeewater + Meerwasserentsalzung + + sea water protection protection de l'eau de mer - Meeresgewässerschutz - bescherming van zeewater protezione delle acque marine + bescherming van zeewater + Meeresgewässerschutz + + secondary biotope In the case of disruption of an existing biotope, secondary biotope can be created as a compensation and substitute measure for the loss of the natural one. biotope secondaire - Sekundärbiotop - secundaire biotoop biotopo secondario + secundaire biotoop + Sekundärbiotop + + secondary education The years of instruction following elementary school and until the end of high school. enseignement secondaire - Sekundarstufe - midelbaar onderwijs istruzione secondaria + midelbaar onderwijs + Sekundarstufe + secondary sector The part of a country or region's economy that produces commodities without much direct use of natural resources. secteur secondaire - Sekundärer Sektor - secundaire sector settore secondario + secundaire sector + Sekundärer Sektor + beaching The washing ashore of whales or other cetaceans that have died for natural causes, or because of highly polluted sea water or after being trapped in drift nets. échouage - Strandung - stranden spiaggiamento + stranden + Strandung + second-hand goods Goods or products that have been used previously. marchandise d'occasion - Gebrauchtwaren - tweedehandsgoederen merce di seconda mano + tweedehandsgoederen + Gebrauchtwaren + + + economic sector A part of a country's or region's commercial, industrial and financial activity, delimited either by public, corporate and private organization of expenditures or by agriculture, manufacturing and service product types. secteur économique - Wirtschaftssektor - economische sector settore dell'economia + economische sector + Wirtschaftssektor + @@ -47113,9 +67319,11 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.security of installations Measures, techniques or designs implemented to protect from harm or restrict access to any apparatus, machinery or construction put in place or connected for use. sécurité des installations - Anlagensicherheit - veiligheid van installaties sicurezza delle installazioni + veiligheid van installaties + Anlagensicherheit + + @@ -47124,36 +67332,44 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.sedimentary basin A geomorphic feature of the earth in which the surface has subsided for a prolonged time, including deep ocean floors, intercontinental rifts and elevated and interior drainage basins. bassin de sédimentation - Sedimentationsbecken - afzettingsbekken bacino sedimentario + afzettingsbekken + Sedimentationsbecken + + sedimentation (industrial process) The separation of an insoluble solid from a liquid in which it is suspended by settling under the influence of gravity or centrifugation. sédimentation (décantation) - Sedimentation (industrieller Prozess) - bezinking sedimentazione (processo industriale) + bezinking + Sedimentation (industrieller Prozess) + + sedimentation (geology) The act or process of forming or accumulating sediment in layers, including such processes as the separation of rock particles from the material from which the sediment is derived, the transportation of these particles to the site of deposition, the actual deposition or settling of the particles, the chemical and other changes occurring in the sediment, and the ultimate consolidation of the sediment into solid rock. sédimentation - Sedimentation (geologisch) - afzetting sedimentazione (geologia) + afzetting + Sedimentation (geologisch) + + sediment Any material transported by water which will ultimately settle to the bottom after the water loses its transporting power. sédiment - Sediment - afzetting sedimento + afzetting + Sediment + + @@ -47166,54 +67382,67 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.sediment transport The movement and carrying- away of sediment by natural agents; especially the conveyance of a stream load by suspension, saltation, solution or traction. transport de solides - Feststofftransport - sedimentvervoer trasporto di sedimenti + sedimentvervoer + Feststofftransport + + seed (biology) A mature fertilized plant ovule, consisting of an embryo and its food store surrounded by a protective seed coat (testa). graine - Samen - zaad seme + zaad + Samen + seed dressing A chemical applied before planting to protect seeds and seedlings from disease or insects. désinfection des semences - Saatgutbeizmittel - droogontsmetting van zaad disinfettante delle sementi + droogontsmetting van zaad + Saatgutbeizmittel + + + water seepage The slow movement of water through small openings and spaces in the surface of unsaturated soil into or out of a body of surface or subsurface water. percolation - Versickerung - kwel filtrazione d'acqua + kwel + Versickerung + + + seepage water Water that moves slowly through small openings of a porous material such as soil or the amount of water that has been involved in seepage. percolat - Sickerwasser - kwelwater acqua di infiltrazione + kwelwater + Sickerwasser + + + seismic activity The phenomenon of Earth movements. activité sismique - Seismische Aktivität - seismiciteit attività sismica + seismiciteit + Seismische Aktivität + @@ -47222,9 +67451,12 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.seismic monitoring The gathering of seismic data from an area. surveillance des activités sismiques - Seismische Überwachung - controle op seismische activiteit monitoraggio sismico + controle op seismische activiteit + Seismische Überwachung + + + @@ -47232,18 +67464,21 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.seismic sea wave A large seismically generated sea wave which is capable of considerable destruction in certain coastal areas, especially where submarine earthquakes occur. Although in the open ocean the wave height may be less than one meter it steepens to hights of 15 metres or more on entering shallow coastal water. The wavelength in the open ocean is of the order of 100 to 150 km and the rate of travel of a seismic sea wave is between 640 and 960 km/h. raz de marée - Seismische Welle - door aardbeving veroorzaakte zeegolven onda marina di origine sismica + door aardbeving veroorzaakte zeegolven + Seismische Welle + + seizure The official or legally authorized act of taking away possessions or property, often for a violation of law or to enforce a judgment imposed by a court of law. saisie (droit) - Beschlagnahme - inbeslagneming sequestro + inbeslagneming + Beschlagnahme + @@ -47251,17 +67486,20 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.seizure of profits The official or legally authorized act of taking away monetary gain or surplus resulting from investments or property or from returns, proceeds or revenue in a business or business transaction. saisie des bénéfices - Gewinnabschöpfung - beslaglegging op de winst sequestro dei profitti + beslaglegging op de winst + Gewinnabschöpfung + selection of technology sélection de technologie - Technologieauswahl - keuze van technologie selezione di tecnologia + keuze van technologie + Technologieauswahl + + @@ -47269,9 +67507,10 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.selective breeding of animals Breeding of animals having desirable characters. élevage de races animalières sélectionnées - Selektive Tierzucht - selectief fokken van dieren incrocio selettivo di animali + selectief fokken van dieren + Selektive Tierzucht + @@ -47279,9 +67518,10 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.selective breeding of plants Breeding of plants having desirable characters. croisement génétique des plantes - Selektive Pflanzenzucht - selectieve plantenteelt incrocio selettivo di piante + selectieve plantenteelt + Selektive Pflanzenzucht + @@ -47289,9 +67529,10 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.selenium A highly toxic, nonmetallic element; used in analytical chemistry, metallurgy, and photoelectric cells. sélénium - Selen - seleen selenio + seleen + Selen + @@ -47300,35 +67541,44 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.self-help programme A series of steps or a system of services or activities designed to enable an individual to help or improve one's self without depending on the aid of others. programme d'auto-aide - Selbsthilfeprogramm - zelfhulpprogramma programma di autogestione + zelfhulpprogramma + Selbsthilfeprogramm + self-monitoring auto-surveillance - Eigenüberwachung - zelfcontrole automonitoraggio + zelfcontrole + Eigenüberwachung + + + self-purification A natural process of organic degradation that produces nutrients utilized by autotrophic organisms. autoépuration - Selbstreinigung - zelfreiniging autodepurazione + zelfreiniging + Selbstreinigung + + + semi-arid land ecosystem The interacting system of a biological community and its non-living environmental surroundings in regions that have between 10 to 20 inches of rainfall and are capable of sustaining some grasses and shrubs but not woodland. écosystème des terres semi-arides - Ökosystem eines semiariden Gebietes - ecosystemen van halfdroog land ecosistema dei territori semiaridi + ecosystemen van halfdroog land + Ökosystem eines semiariden Gebietes + + @@ -47336,9 +67586,11 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.semiconductor A solid crystalline material whose electrical conductivity is intermediate between that of a metal and an insulator and is usually strongly temperature-dependent. semi-conducteur - Halbleiter - halfgeleider semiconduttore + halfgeleider + Halbleiter + + @@ -47348,27 +67600,33 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.semimanufactured product Product that has undergone a partial processing and is used as raw material in a successive productive step. produit semi-manufacturé - Halbfabrikat - halffabricaat semilavorato + halffabricaat + Halbfabrikat + + bee conservation The care, preservation and husbandry of hymenopterous insects valued for their ability to pollinate crops and other flora or for their production of honey. protection des abeilles - Bienenschutz - bijenbescherming protezione delle api + bijenbescherming + Bienenschutz + + + semi-metal An element having some properties characteristic of metals and others of non-metals. Many metalloids give rise to an amphoteric oxide (e.g. arsenic or antimony) and many are semiconductors. semi-métal - Halbmetall - halfmetaal semi-metallo + halfmetaal + Halbmetall + @@ -47378,9 +67636,11 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.sensitive area Areas of a country where special measures may be given to protect the natural habitats which present a high level of vulnerability. zone sensible - Empfindlicher Bereich - gevoelig gebied area sensibile + gevoelig gebied + Empfindlicher Bereich + + @@ -47389,9 +67649,10 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.sensitivity analysis A formalized procedure to identify the impact of changes in various model components on model output. Sensitivity analysis is an integral part of simulation experimentation and may influence model formulations. It is commonly used to examine model behaviour. The general procedure is to define a model output variable that represents an important aspect of model behaviour. The values of various inputs of the model are then varied and the resultant change in the output variable is monitored. Large changes in the output variable imply that the particular input varied is important in controlling model behaviour. Within this general definition, sensitivity analysis has been applied to a variety of model inputs including state variables, environmental variables and initial conditions. calcul de sensibilité - Sensitivitätsanalyse - gevoeligheidsanalyse analisi della sensibilità + gevoeligheidsanalyse + Sensitivitätsanalyse + @@ -47399,9 +67660,10 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.separated collection The collection of individual components of solid waste from any source, usually separated into different collection containers, in order to recover, reuse or recycle the material or to facilitate its collection and disposal. collecte sélective des déchets - Getrennte Sammlung - gescheiden inzameling raccolta differenziata + gescheiden inzameling + Getrennte Sammlung + @@ -47409,27 +67671,32 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.beef cattle Cattle bred for the production of meat. bétail de boucherie - Schlachtrind - slachtvee vacche da carne + slachtvee + Schlachtrind + + separation at source Segregating various wastes at the point of generation (e.g. separation of paper, metal and glass from other wastes) to make recycling simpler and more efficient. tri à la source - Mülltrennung (an der Abfallquelle) - scheiding bij de bron separazione alla fonte + scheiding bij de bron + Mülltrennung (an der Abfallquelle) + separator A machine for separating materials of different specific gravity by means of water or air. séparateur - Abscheider - (af)scheider separatore + (af)scheider + Abscheider + + @@ -47439,9 +67706,11 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.septic tank A tank, usually underground, into which sewage flows, the deposited matter being wholly, or partially broken down through anaerobic action. The final effluent may be allowed to soak into the ground through a system of agricultural drains, if the soil is suitable. Alternatively, the tank must be emptied at regular intervals by a special road-tanker. fosse septique - Abwassertank - septische put fossa settica + septische put + Abwassertank + + @@ -47450,9 +67719,10 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.1) A legal term referring generally to the act of valuable property being taken into custody by an agent of the court and locked away for safekeeping, usually to prevent the property from being disposed of or abused before a dispute over its ownership can be resolved. 2) The taking of someone's property, voluntarily (by deposit) or involuntarily (by seizure), by court officers or into the possession of a third party, awaiting the outcome of a trial in which ownership of that property is at issue. mise sous sequestre - Beschlagnahme - beslaglegging sequestro dei beni + beslaglegging + Beschlagnahme + @@ -47460,9 +67730,10 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.snake Any reptile of the suborder Ophidia, typically having a scaly cylindrical limbless body, fused eyelids, and a jaw modified for swallowing large prey: includes venomous forms such as cobras and rattlesnakes, large nonvenomous constrictors, and small harmless types such as the grass snake. serpent - Schlangen - slangen serpenti + slangen + Schlangen + @@ -47470,18 +67741,21 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.service area The area served by a particular public facility such as school, library, police station, park, etc. zone de service - Versorgungsbereich - dienstverleningsgebied area attrezzata + dienstverleningsgebied + Versorgungsbereich + + bee Any of the membranous-winged insects which compose the superfamily Apoidea in the order Hymenoptera characterized by a hairy body and by sucking and chewing mouthparts. abeille - Biene - bijen api + bijen + Biene + @@ -47489,9 +67763,10 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.services The carrying out of work for which there is a constant public demand by the provision of labor and the utilization of tools. secteur des services - Dienstleistungen - nutsbedrijven servizi + nutsbedrijven + Dienstleistungen + @@ -47517,9 +67792,11 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.settlement concentration The distribution or total amount of communities, villages and houses within a specified geographic area. concentration de peuplement - Siedlungsverdichtung - concentratie van nederzettingen concentrazione di insediamenti + concentratie van nederzettingen + Siedlungsverdichtung + + @@ -47534,18 +67811,23 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.urban sprawl The physical pattern of low-density expansion of large urban areas under market conditions into the surrounding agricultural areas. Sprawl lies in advance of the principal lines of urban growth and implies little planning control of land subdivision. Development is patchy, scattered and strung out, with a tendency to discontinuity because it leap-frogs over some areas, leaving agricultural enclaves. expansion urbaine anarchique - Zersiedelung - stadsuitbreiding espansione urbana incontrollata + stadsuitbreiding + Zersiedelung + + + settling tank A tank into which a two-phase mixture is fed and the entrained solids settle by gravity during storage. décanteur - Sedimentationsbecken - bezinkingstank vasca di decantazione + bezinkingstank + Sedimentationsbecken + + @@ -47553,17 +67835,21 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.sewage Any liquid-born waste that contains animal or plant matter in suspension or solution, soils and storm water, or chemicals in solution. eau usée - Kanalisationswasser - afvalwater acque luride + afvalwater + Kanalisationswasser + + sewage disposal déversement des eaux usées - Abwasserbeseitigung - rioolwaterverwerking smaltimento delle acque di fogna + rioolwaterverwerking + Abwasserbeseitigung + + @@ -47571,9 +67857,14 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.sewage farm Area of land on which sewage or any other type of waste water is distributed in order to purify it; it is a kind of waste water treatment. champ d'épandage - Rieselfeld - vloeivelden met afvalwater als mest campo di spandimento + vloeivelden met afvalwater als mest + Rieselfeld + + + + + @@ -47581,9 +67872,11 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.sewage sludge A semi-liquid waste with a solid concentration in excess of 2500 parts per million, obtained from the purification of municipal sewage. boue d'égout - Klärschlamm - rioolslib fango di fogna + rioolslib + Klärschlamm + + @@ -47597,9 +67890,12 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.sewage treatment system Sewage treatment comes in two stages - primary and secondary treatment. The primary stage involves a process of screening solids from sewage, leaving a sludge and relatively clear water for further treatment or for disposal into rivers, the sea or on to the land. In the secondary stage the sludge is stirred constantly in vast tanks to get more oxygen into the mixture, allowing bacteria to break down the organic matter and leave a harmless residue that falls as a sediment to the bottom of the tank. After processing, the clear water on top of the tank is discharged into rivers and the sediment is used as landfill or discharged at sea. système d'épuration des eaux usées - Abwasserbehandlungssystem - afvalwaterverwerkingssysteem sistema di trattamento delle acque di fogna + afvalwaterverwerkingssysteem + Abwasserbehandlungssystem + + + @@ -47607,18 +67903,22 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.beetle Any insect of the order Coleoptera, having biting mouthparts and forewings modified to form shell-like protective elytra. coléoptère - Käfer - kevers coleotteri + kevers + Käfer + sewerage system System of pipes, usually underground, for carrying waste water and human waste away from houses and other buildings, to a place where they can be safely get rid of. réseau d'égouts - Kanalisation - rioolstelsel rete fognaria + rioolstelsel + Kanalisation + + + @@ -47628,18 +67928,20 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. shellfish coquillage - Krustentier - schaal-en schelpdieren molluschi e crostacei + schaal-en schelpdieren + Krustentier + behaviour Any observable action or response of an organism, group or species to environmental factors. comportement - Verhalten - gedrag comportamento + gedrag + Verhalten + @@ -47649,27 +67951,32 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.shielding device Barriers devised for keeping away from people harmful substances. appareil de protection - Abschirmeinrichtung - scherm dispositivo di schermatura + scherm + Abschirmeinrichtung + + + shifting cultivation Agricultural practice using the rotation of fields rather than crops, short cropping periods followed by long fallows and the maintenance of fertility by the regeneration of vegetation. culture itinérante - Wechselfeldwirtschaft - zwerflandbouw coltivazione itinerante + zwerflandbouw + Wechselfeldwirtschaft + ship A vessel propelled by engines or sails for navigating on the water, especially a large vessel that can not be carried aboard another, as distinguished from a boat. bateau - Schiff - schip nave + schip + Schiff + @@ -47682,27 +67989,35 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.shipbuilding The art or business of designing and constructing ships. construction navale - Schiffbau - scheepsbouw cantieristica navale + scheepsbouw + Schiffbau + + + shipping accident An unexpected incident, failure or loss involving a vessel or its contents in the course of commercial transport that poses potential harm to persons, property or the environment. accident de navigation - Schiffsunfall - scheepvaartongeluk incidente di navigazione + scheepvaartongeluk + Schiffsunfall + + + + behaviour of substances Reactivity of a compound depending on the structure of the molecules. activité des substances - Stoffverhalten - stofgedrag comportamento delle sostanze + stofgedrag + Stoffverhalten + @@ -47713,9 +68028,12 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.ship garbage Domestic and operational wastes, disposed of continuously or periodically, that are generated during the normal operation of a ship; usually excluding fresh fish waste from fishing operations. ordures des navires - Schiffsabfall - scheepsafval rifiuto di navigazione + scheepsafval + Schiffsabfall + + + @@ -47724,9 +68042,12 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.ship waste disposal Discharging of ship waste into the sea. élimination des déchets des navires - Schiffsabfallbeseitigung - lozing van scheepsafval smaltimento di rifiuti in navigazione + lozing van scheepsafval + Schiffsabfallbeseitigung + + + @@ -47734,18 +68055,25 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.shooting range Area designed for target shooting. stand de tir - Schießanlage - schietbaan stand di tiro + schietbaan + Schießanlage + + + + shop A place, especially a small building, for the retail sale of goods and services. magasin - Einzelhandelsgeschäft - winkel negozio + winkel + Einzelhandelsgeschäft + + + @@ -47754,9 +68082,10 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.behaviour pattern A relatively uniform series of overt activities that can be observed with some regularity. modèle de comportement - Verhaltensmuster - gedragspatroon modello di comportamento + gedragspatroon + Verhaltensmuster + @@ -47769,18 +68098,23 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.shopping centre Enclosed area in which there is a variety of shops. centre commercial - Einkaufszentrum - winkelcentrum centro commerciale + winkelcentrum + Einkaufszentrum + + + show A performance, program or exhibition providing entertainment to a group of people, displayed either through some communication media, such as radio or television, or live at a museum or theater. spectacle - Show - voorstelling spettacolo + voorstelling + Show + + @@ -47788,9 +68122,12 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.beneficial organism Any pollinating insect, or any pest predator, parasite, pathogen or other biological control agent which functions naturally or as part of an integrated pest management program to control another pest. organisme utile - Nützling - nuttig organisme organismo utile + nuttig organisme + Nützling + + + @@ -47798,9 +68135,11 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.shredder A size-reduction machine which tears or grinds materials to a smaller and more uniform particle size. Shredding process is also called size reduction, grinding, milling, comminution, pulverisation, hogging, granulating, breaking, chipping, crushing, cutting, rasping. broyeur - Shredder - strooiapparaat (v. stalmest of tuinafval) frantumatore + strooiapparaat (v. stalmest of tuinafval) + Shredder + + @@ -47808,27 +68147,31 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.refuse shredder A machine used to break up refuse material into smaller pieces by tearing and/or impact. détritus de déchiquetage - Shreddermüll - afval van strooiapparaat sminuzzatore di rifiuti + afval van strooiapparaat + Shreddermüll + shrub A woody perennial plant, smaller than a tree, with several major branches arising from near the base of the main stem. arbuste - Strauch - heester(gewas) arbusto + heester(gewas) + Strauch + shunting yard Area where a car or a train can be shoven or turned off or moved from one track to another. gare de triage - Rangierbahnhof - rangeerterrein area di smistamento + rangeerterrein + Rangierbahnhof + + @@ -47836,9 +68179,12 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.sick building syndrome A set of symptoms, including headaches, fatigue, eye irritation, and dizziness, typically affecting workers in modern airtight office buildings and thought to be caused by indoor pollutants, such as formaldehyde fumes, particulate matter, microorganisms, etc. syndrome de l'immeuble insalubre - Sick-Building-Syndrom - ziekteverschijnselen sick building syndrome + ziekteverschijnselen + Sick-Building-Syndrom + + + @@ -47846,9 +68192,11 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.side effect Any secondary effect, especially an undesirable one. effet secondaire - Nebenwirkung - bijwerking effetto secondario + bijwerking + Nebenwirkung + + @@ -47856,9 +68204,11 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. side effects of pharmaceutical drugs effet secondaire des médicaments - Nebenwirkungen von Medikamenten - bijwerkingen van geneesmiddelen effetti secondari dei prodotti farmaceutici + bijwerkingen van geneesmiddelen + Nebenwirkungen von Medikamenten + + @@ -47866,9 +68216,10 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.sieving The size distribution of solid particles on a series of standard sieves of decreasing size, expressed as a weight percent. tamisage - Siebung - zeven setacciamento + zeven + Siebung + @@ -47878,9 +68229,12 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.silencer Any device designed to reduce noise, especially the device in the exhaust system of a motor vehicle. silencieux - Schalldämpfer - knalpot silenziatore + knalpot + Schalldämpfer + + + @@ -47889,9 +68243,11 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.silicon A brittle metalloid element that exists in two allotropic forms; occurs principally in sand, quartz, granite, feldspar, and clay. It is usually a grey crystalline solid but is also found as a brown amorphous powder. It is used in transistors, rectifiers, solar cells, and alloys. Its compounds are widely used in glass manufacture, the building industry, and in the form of silicones. silicium - Silizium - silicium silicio + silicium + Silizium + + @@ -47900,36 +68256,44 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.silo A large round tower on a farm for storing grain or winter food for cattle. silo - Silo - silo silo + silo + Silo + + + + silt The fine mineral material formed from the erosion of rock fragments and deposited by rivers and lakes. Its particles are the intermediate form between sand and clay. The particles can range in size from 0.01-0.05 mm in diameter. limon - Schlick - slib limo + slib + Schlick + + silver A very ductile malleable brilliant greyish-white element having the highest electrical and thermal conductivity of any metal. It occurs free and in argentite and other ores: used in jewellery, tableware, coinage, electrical contacts, and in electroplating. Its compounds are used in photography. argent - Silber - zilver argento + zilver + Silber + active participation The involvement, either by an individual or a group of individuals, in their own governance or other activities, with the purpose of exerting influence. participation active - Aktive Beteiligung - inspraak voce in capitolo + inspraak + Aktive Beteiligung + @@ -47939,9 +68303,11 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.simulation A representation of a problem, situation in mathematical terms, especially using a computer. simulation - Simulation - simulatie simulazione + simulatie + Simulation + + @@ -47952,9 +68318,11 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.sintering Forming a coherent bonded mass by heating metal powders without melting, used mostly in powder metallurgy. frittage - Sinterung - sinteren sinterizzazione + sinteren + Sinterung + + @@ -47962,9 +68330,12 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.site selection The process of choosing or picking a location or area for some designated purpose. choix du site - Standortwahl - plaatskeuze scelta del sito + plaatskeuze + Standortwahl + + + @@ -47972,18 +68343,21 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.sizing To fix the cross-section of structural components on the basis of statics and material strength. calibrage - Bemessung - naar grootte sorteren dimensionamento + naar grootte sorteren + Bemessung + + skiing Gliding over snow on skis, especially as a sport. skier - Skifahren - skieën sci + skieën + Skifahren + @@ -47991,35 +68365,43 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.skin The tissue forming the outer covering of the vertebrate body: it consists of two layers, the outermost of which may be covered with hair, scales, feathers, etc. It is mainly protective and sensory in function. peau - Haut - huid pelle + huid + Haut + + skyline destruction dégradation du paysage - Landschaftsverschandelung - horizonvervuiling deturpazione del panorama + horizonvervuiling + Landschaftsverschandelung + + benthic division The bottom of a body of water often occupied by benthos. domaine benthique - Gewässerboden - onderverdeling van de zeebodem zona bentonica + onderverdeling van de zeebodem + Gewässerboden + + + slag A nonmetallic product resulting from the interaction of flux and impurities in the smelting and refining of metals. scorie - Schlacke - (metaal)slak(ken) scoria + (metaal)slak(ken) + Schlacke + @@ -48027,9 +68409,13 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.slaughterhouse A place where animals are butchered for food. abattoir - Schlachthof - (openbaar)slachthuis mattatoio + (openbaar)slachthuis + Schlachthof + + + + @@ -48037,18 +68423,23 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.slaughterhouse waste Animal body parts cut off in the preparation of carcasses for use as food. This waste can come from several sources including slaughterhouses, restaurants, stores and farms. déchets d'abattoirs - Schlachtabfall - slachtafval rifiuto di mattatoio + slachtafval + Schlachtabfall + + slaughtering of animals Killing of animals for food. abattage des animaux - Tierschlachten - het slachten van dieren macellazione + het slachten van dieren + Tierschlachten + + + @@ -48058,9 +68449,11 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.sleep A periodic state of physiological rest during which consciousness is suspended and metabolic rate is decreased. sommeil - Schlaf - slaap sonno + slaap + Schlaf + + @@ -48068,18 +68461,21 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.benthic ecosystem The interacting system of the biological communities located at the bottom of bodies of freshwater and saltwater and their non-living environmental surroundings. écosystème benthique - Benthisches Ökosystem - ecosysteem van de zeebodem ecosistema bentico + ecosysteem van de zeebodem + Benthisches Ökosystem + + sleep disturbance trouble du sommeil - Schlafstörung - slaapstoornis disturbo del sonno + slaapstoornis + Schlafstörung + @@ -48087,9 +68483,10 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.excavation side Sloping surface of an excavation. talus - Böschung - afgravingskant scarpata + afgravingskant + Böschung + @@ -48097,9 +68494,12 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.1) A soft, soupy, or muddy bottom deposit, such as found on tideland or in a stream bed. 2) A semifluid, slushy, murky mass of sediment resulting from treatment of water, sewage, or industrial and mining wastes, and often appearing as local bottom deposits in polluted bodies of water. boue - Schlamm - slib fango + slib + Schlamm + + + @@ -48107,27 +68507,36 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.sludge digestion A treatment to stabilize raw sludge. The treatment can be either anaerobic process or aerobic process. digestion des boues - Schlammfaulung - slibgisting digestione dei fanghi + slibgisting + Schlammfaulung + + + + sludge incineration A method used for drying and reducing sludge volume and weight. Since incineration requires auxiliary fuel to obtain and maintain high temperature and to evaporate the water contained in the incoming sludge, concentration techniques should be applied before incineration. Sludge incineration is a two-step process involving drying and combustion after a preceding dewatering process, such as filters, drying beds, or centrifuges. incinération des boues - Schlammverbrennung - slibverbranding incenerimento dei fanghi + slibverbranding + Schlammverbrennung + + + sludge settling pond Pond for the removal of settleable solids through which wastewater is passed in a treatment works. bassin d'évacuation des boues de décantation - Schlammteich - slikbezinkingsvijver bacino di decantazione dei fanghi + slikbezinkingsvijver + Schlammteich + + @@ -48135,9 +68544,11 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.sludge treatment The processing of wastewater sludges to render them innocuous. This may be done by aerobic or anaerobic digestion followed by drying in sand beds, filtering, and incineration, filtering, and drying, or wet air oxidation. traitement des boues - Schlammbehandlung - slibverwerking trattamento dei fanghi + slibverwerking + Schlammbehandlung + + @@ -48148,44 +68559,55 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.sluice Vertical sliding gate or valve to regulate the flow of water in a channel or lock. écluse - Schleuse - sluis paratoia piana + sluis + Schleuse + + + small and medium sized industry petites et moyennes industries - Kleine und mittlere Gewerbe - kleine en middelgrote industrieën piccola e media industria + kleine en middelgrote industrieën + Kleine und mittlere Gewerbe + + benthos Those organisms attached to, living on, in or near the sea bed, river bed or lake floor. benthos - Benthos - zeebodem benthos + zeebodem + Benthos + + Small Islands (political geography) petites îles - Kleine Inseln - Kleine Eilanden Piccoli Stati Insulari + Kleine Eilanden + Kleine Inseln + small-scale furnace Small enclosed structures containing a heat source, typically used for the purpose of intense heating. Most are lined with refractory material, the heat source is typically provided by electrical elements or the burning of gas, coke or coal. chambre de combustion à petite échelle - Kleinfeuerungsanlage - kleinschalige oven fornace in scala ridotta + kleinschalige oven + Kleinfeuerungsanlage + + + @@ -48193,9 +68615,10 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.small-scale inducer A domestic source introducing small quantities of pollutants into a publicly owned waste-treatment system. inducteur de petite taille - Kleineinleiter - kleinschalige stroomopwekker induttore a scala ridotta + kleinschalige stroomopwekker + Kleineinleiter + @@ -48203,9 +68626,10 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.smog Air pollution consisting of smoke and fog. The air pollution caused by the action of sunlight on unburned hydrocarbons and nitrogen oxides, mostly from car exhaust. It occurs over large industrial areas and urban complexes, and causes eye irritations, breathing problems and damage to plant life. smog - Smog - smog smog + smog + Smog + @@ -48213,18 +68637,24 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.benzene A colorless, liquid, flammable, aromatic hydrocarbon used to manufacture styrene and phenol. Also known as benzol. benzène - Benzol - benzeen benzene + benzeen + Benzol + smog warning Action, device or announcement that serves to give caution or notice to the level of air pollutants typically associated with oxidants in a given area. alerte au brouillard de fumée - Smogwarnung - smogwaarschuwing emergenza smog + smogwaarschuwing + Smogwarnung + + + + + @@ -48232,18 +68662,22 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.smoke An aerosol, consisting of visible particles and gases, produced by the incomplete burning of carbon-based materials, such as wood and fossil fuels. fumée - Rauch - rook fumo (in generale) + rook + Rauch + + smoke prevention prévention des émanations de fumée - Rauchvorbeugung - rookpreventie prevenzione del fumo + rookpreventie + Rauchvorbeugung + + @@ -48251,54 +68685,64 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.smoking The inhalation and exhalation of carcinogenic fumes from burning plant material, usually tobacco. tabagisme - Rauchen - roken fumo (azione) + roken + Rauchen + + + + colubrid Any snakes of the family of Colubridae, including many harmless snakes, such as the grass snake and whip belonging to the Colubridae. colubridés - Colubridae - Colubriden colubridi + Colubriden + Colubridae + snow The most common form of frozen precipitation, usually flakes or starlike crystals, matted ice needles, or combinations, and often rime-coated. neige - Schnee - sneeuw neve + sneeuw + Schnee + + benzopyrene A five-ring aromatic hydrocarbon found in coal tar, in cigarette smoke, and as a product of incomplete combustion. benzopyrène - Benzpyren - benzopyreen benzopirene + benzopyreen + Benzpyren + snowslide An avalanche of relatively pure snow; some rock and earth material may also be carried downward. avalanche - Schneerutsch - sneeuwlawine slavina + sneeuwlawine + Schneerutsch + soaking Absorption of liquid by a solid or a semisolid material. trempage - Durchnässung - (door)weken imbibizione + (door)weken + Durchnässung + @@ -48306,18 +68750,20 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.soap A cleansing agent, manufactured in bars, granules, flakes, or liquid form, made from a mixture of the sodium salts of various fatty acids of natural oils and fats. savon - Seife - zeep sapone + zeep + Seife + social behaviour A person or community's general treatment, manner of conduct or action toward others as individuals or as members of variously identified groups. comportement social - Sozialverhalten - sociaal gedrag comportamento sociale + sociaal gedrag + Sozialverhalten + @@ -48343,9 +68789,10 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.social condition An existing circumstance, situation or state affecting the life, welfare and relations of human beings in community. condition sociale - Soziale Bedingung - sociale omstandigheden condizione sociale + sociale omstandigheden + Soziale Bedingung + @@ -48359,27 +68806,31 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.social cost The price paid or the loss incurred to acquire, produce or maintain an objective or goal in a group, community or society. coût social - Soziale Kosten - sociale kosten costo sociale + sociale kosten + Soziale Kosten + + internalisation of external costs The process of getting those who produce goods or services with adverse effects on the environment or on society to incorporate a knowledge of possible negative repercussions into future economic decisions. internalisation des coûts externes - Kosteninternalisierung - interne aanrekening van externe kosten internalizzazione dei costi + interne aanrekening van externe kosten + Kosteninternalisierung + social development The state of nations and the hystorical processes of change experienced by them. The concept of development subsumes associated cultural and political changes as well as welfare measures which reflect distribution of goods, wealth and opportunities. développement social - Soziale Entwicklung - sociale ontwikkeling sviluppo sociale + sociale ontwikkeling + Soziale Entwicklung + @@ -48387,9 +68838,10 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.social differentiation A concept associated with evolutionary theories of history and with structural functionalism. Societies are seen as moving from the simple to the complex via a process of social change based on structural differentiation. différenciation sociale - Soziale Differenzierung - sociale differentiatie differenziazione sociale + sociale differentiatie + Soziale Differenzierung + @@ -48399,9 +68851,10 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.social dynamics The pattern, change, development and driving forces of a human group, community or society. dynamique sociale - Soziodynamik - sociale dynamiek dinamica sociale + sociale dynamiek + Soziodynamik + @@ -48414,9 +68867,11 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.social facility Any structure designed, built or installed to provide space for living or interaction among persons in a community. dispositif social - Sozialeinrichtung - sociale voorziening strutture sociali + sociale voorziening + Sozialeinrichtung + + @@ -48424,9 +68879,10 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.social group A collection of people who interact with one another and share a certain feeling of unity. groupe social - Gesellschaftsgruppe - sociale groep gruppo sociale + sociale groep + Gesellschaftsgruppe + @@ -48444,9 +68900,10 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.social indicator Easily identified features of a society which can be measured, which vary over time, and are taken as revealing some underlying aspect of social reality. In general, the most commonly used indicators are derived from official statistics, and include unemployment figures, health and mortality data, and crime rates. indicateur social - Sozialindikator - sociale indicator indicatore sociale + sociale indicator + Sozialindikator + @@ -48455,9 +68912,13 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.intervention on land Stepping in or participating in problem solving efforts for troublesome or perplexing situations involving ground areas or the earth's surface. intervention sur les terres - Umweltschutzmaßnahmen auf dem Land - tussenkomst op het land interventi sul territorio + tussenkomst op het land + Umweltschutzmaßnahmen auf dem Land + + + + @@ -48481,18 +68942,22 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.social medicine Medicine as applied to treatment of diseases which occur in certain social groups. médecine sociale - Sozialmedizin - sociale geneeskunde medicina sociale + sociale geneeskunde + Sozialmedizin + + + social-minded behaviour conduite sociale - Sozialverträgliches Verhalten - sociaal gedrag comportamento orientato al sociale + sociaal gedrag + Sozialverträgliches Verhalten + @@ -48501,9 +68966,10 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.social movement A organized effort by a significant number of people to change (or resist change in) some major aspect or aspects of society. mouvement social - Soziale Bewegung - sociale beweging movimento sociale + sociale beweging + Soziale Bewegung + @@ -48511,36 +68977,40 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.social participation Collective, civic action shared and performed by a significant number of the community or general population. participation sociale - Soziale Beteiligung - sociale participatie partecipazione sociale + sociale participatie + Soziale Beteiligung + social policy A course of action adopted and pursued by government, business or some other organization, which seeks to ensure that all people have acceptable working or living conditions by providing social security, welfare, health care, insurance, fair employment practices, low cost housing or educational opportunities. politique sociale - Sozialpolitik - sociaal beleid politica sociale + sociaal beleid + Sozialpolitik + beryllium A corrosion-resistant, toxic silvery-white metallic element that occurs chiefly in beryl and is used mainly in x-ray windows and in the manufacture of alloys. béryllium - Beryllium - beryllium berillio + beryllium + Beryllium + social problem A generic term applied to the range of conditions and aberrant behaviours which are considered to be manifestations of social disorganization and to warrant changing via some means of social engineering. Typically, these problems include many forms of deviant behaviour (such as crime, juvenile delinquency, prostitution, mental illness, drug addiction, suicide) and of social conflict (ethnic tension, domestic violence, industrial strife, and so forth). problème social - Soziales Problem - sociaal probleem problema sociale + sociaal probleem + Soziales Problem + @@ -48548,9 +69018,10 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.social process A continuous action, operation, or series of changes taking place in a definite manner and pertaining to the life, welfare, and relations of human beings in a community. processus sociaux - Soziale Prozesse - sociale proces processi sociali + sociale proces + Soziale Prozesse + @@ -48561,17 +69032,19 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.social relief Public assistance especially financial given to persons in special need or difficulty. aide sociale - Soziale Schichtung - sociale hulpverlening assistenza sociale + sociale hulpverlening + Soziale Schichtung + social security sécurité sociale - Sozialversicherung - sociale verzekering sicurezza sociale + sociale verzekering + Sozialversicherung + @@ -48579,9 +69052,10 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.social service Welfare activities organized by the state or a local authority and carried out by trained personnel. service social - Sozialdienst - sociale dienst(verlening) servizi sociali + sociale dienst(verlening) + Sozialdienst + @@ -48590,9 +69064,10 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.social structure A term loosely applied to any recurring pattern of social behaviour; or, more specifically, to the ordered interrelationships between the different elements or a social system or society. structure sociale - Gesellschaftsstruktur - sociale structuur struttura sociale + sociale structuur + Gesellschaftsstruktur + @@ -48602,9 +69077,10 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.social survey Data collections that employ both interviewing and sampling to produce quantitative data-sets, amenable to computer-based analysis. enquête sociale - Sozialforschung - sociologisch onderzoek indagine sociale + sociologisch onderzoek + Sozialforschung + @@ -48612,36 +69088,42 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.social system The concept of system appears throughout the social and natural sciences and has generated a body of literature of its own (general systems theory). A system is any pattern of relationships between elements, and is regarded as having emergent properties on its own over and above the properties of its elements. système social - Gesellschaftssystem - sociaal systeem sistema sociale + sociaal systeem + Gesellschaftssystem + beta radiation Name given to the ionizing radiation which is produced as a stream of high speed electrons emitted by certain types of radioactive substance when they decay. The intensity of radiation energy produced in human tissue by a beta particle is a hundred times less than that produced by an alpha radiation particle, but it travels slightly deeper into tissue. rayonnement beta - Betastrahlung - bèta-straling radiazione beta + bèta-straling + Betastrahlung + social value Regarding social values, distinctions are often drawn between values, which are strong, semi permanent, underlying, and sometimes inexplicit dispositions, and attitudes, which are shallow, weakly held, and highly variable views and opinions. Societies can usually tolerate highly diverse attitude, whereas they require some degree of homogeneity and consistency in the values held by people, providing a common fund of shared values which shape social and political consensus. valeur sociale - Sozialer Wert - sociale waarde valori sociali + sociale waarde + Sozialer Wert + + social welfare The prosperity, well-being or convenience of a community. It embraces the primary social interests of safety, order, morals, economic interest, and non material and political interests. bien-être social - Sozialfürsorge - welzijn benessere sociale + welzijn + Sozialfürsorge + + @@ -48650,9 +69132,10 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.society Human group of people, more or less large and complex, associated for some common interest and characterized by distinctive hierarchical relationships. société (humaine) - Gesellschaft - gemeenschap società + gemeenschap + Gesellschaft + @@ -48668,9 +69151,12 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. socioeconomic aspect of human settlements aspects socio-économiques des établissements humains - Sozioökonomischer Aspekt von menschlichen Siedlungen - socio-economische kant van menselijke nederzettingen aspetti socioeconomici degli insediamenti umani + socio-economische kant van menselijke nederzettingen + Sozioökonomischer Aspekt von menschlichen Siedlungen + + + @@ -48679,27 +69165,34 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.socioeconomic factor An essential element in a society's make-up, organization or behavior that combines financial dimensions with inter-personal or inter-group dynamics. facteur socio-économique - Sozioökonomischer Faktor - socio-economische factor fattore socioeconomico + socio-economische factor + Sozioökonomischer Faktor + + socioeconomic impact of biotechnologies Biotechnology is the application of biological and technical solutions to problems, and often refers to the industrial use of microorganisms (perhaps genetically altered) to perform chemical processing, for example of waste or water, or to manufacture hormones or enzymes for medicinal and commercial purposes. Biotechnology offers great potential to increase farm production and food processing efficiency, to lower food costs, to enhance food quality and safety and to increase international competitiveness. impact socio-économique des biotechnologies - Sozioökonomische Auswirkung der Biotechnologie - socio-economisch effect van biotechnologie impatto socioeconomico delle biotecnologie + socio-economisch effect van biotechnologie + Sozioökonomische Auswirkung der Biotechnologie + + + beverage industry industrie des boissons - Getränkeindustrie - drankenindustrie industria delle bevande + drankenindustrie + Getränkeindustrie + + @@ -48708,9 +69201,10 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.sociological survey Research on social questions or problems, especially focusing on cultural and environmental factors. étude sociologique - Soziologische Untersuchung - sociologisch onderzoek ricerca sociologica + sociologisch onderzoek + Soziologische Untersuchung + @@ -48718,9 +69212,11 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.sociology The study of the development, organization, functioning and classification of human societies. sociologie - Soziologie - sociologie sociologia + sociologie + Soziologie + + @@ -48730,9 +69226,10 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.sociopolitical aspect Any part, feature or quality of society that combines governmental dimensions with inter-personal or inter-group dynamics. aspect socio-politique - Gesellschaftspolitische Aspekte - sociopolitiek aspect aspetti socio-politici + sociopolitiek aspect + Gesellschaftspolitische Aspekte + @@ -48743,9 +69240,12 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.softening Reduction of the hardness of water by removing hardness-forming ions (chiefly calcium and magnesium) by precipitation or ion exchange, or sequestering them as by combining them with substances such as certain phosphates, that form soluble but non-ionized salts. adoucissement - Enthärtung - ontharden addolcimento + ontharden + Enthärtung + + + @@ -48753,9 +69253,10 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.beverage Any one of various liquids for drinking, usually excluding water. boisson - Getränk - drank bevanda + drank + Getränk + @@ -48764,18 +69265,21 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.1) A substance added to another substance to increase its softness, pliability, or plasticity. 2) A substance, such as a zeolite, for softening water. adoucisseur - Enthärter - weekmaker agente ammorbidente + weekmaker + Enthärter + + software Software is the general term used to describe all of the various programs that may be used on a computer system. Software can be divided into four main categories: systems software, development software, user interface software, applications software. logiciel - Software - software software + software + Software + @@ -48783,9 +69287,10 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.soil The top layer of the land surface of the earth that is composed of disintegrated rock particles, humus, water and air. sol - Boden - bodem suolo + bodem + Boden + @@ -48805,9 +69310,12 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.soil acidification A naturally occurring process in humid climates that has long been the subject of research, whose findings suggest acid precipitation effects. The generally accepted impact of soil acidification on the productivity of terrestrial plants is summarised as follows: as soil becomes more acidic the basic cations (Ca, Mg) on the soil exchange are replaced by hydrogen ions or solubilized metals. The basic cation, now in solution, can be leached through the soil. As time progresses the soil becomes less fertile and more acidic. Resultant decreases in soil pH cause reduced, less-active population of soil microorganisms, which in turn slow decomposition of plant residues and cycling of essential plant nutrients. acidification des sols - Bodenversauerung - bodemverzuring acidificazione del suolo + bodemverzuring + Bodenversauerung + + + @@ -48815,18 +69323,22 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.soil air The air and other gases in spaces in the soil; specifically that which is found within the zone of aeration. Also known as soil atmosphere. atmosphere du sol - Bodenluft - bodemlucht atmosfera del suolo + bodemlucht + Bodenluft + soil analysis The use of rapid chemical analyses to determine the fertility status of a soil. It is used to identify those nutrients or substances that are present in either insufficient or excessive quantities for optimum plant growth. Analyses are also used to monitor increases or decreases in soil fertility over time. analyse des sols - Bodenuntersuchung - bodemanalyse analisi del suolo + bodemanalyse + Bodenuntersuchung + + + @@ -48835,18 +69347,22 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.soil biology The study of the living organisms, mainly microorganisms and microinvertebrates which live within the soil, and which are largely responsible for the decomposition processes vital to soil fertility. biologie du sol - Bodenbiologie - bodembiologie biologia del suolo + bodembiologie + Bodenbiologie + + + soil capability The suitability of soils for various uses, e.g. sustained production of cultivated crops, pasture plants, etc., depending on depth, texture, kinds of minerals, salinity, kinds of salts, acidity, etc. capacité du sol - Bodennutzbarkeit - bodemcapaciteit potenzialità del suolo + bodemcapaciteit + Bodennutzbarkeit + @@ -48856,27 +69372,32 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.soil chemistry The study of the inorganic and organic components of the soil and its life cycles. chimie des sols - Bodenchemie - bodemchemie chimica del suolo + bodemchemie + Bodenchemie + + + soil compaction An increase in bulk density (mass per unit volume) and a decrease in soil porosity resulting from applied loads, vibration, or pressure. More compacted soils (or other materials) can support greater loads (load-bearing capacity). Bulk density can be increased by controlling the moisture content, compaction forces and treatment procedures, as well as by manipulating the type of material being compacted. compactage du sol - Bodenverdichtung - bodemverdichting compattazione del suolo + bodemverdichting + Bodenverdichtung + soil condition Description of the character of the surface of the ground at the time of observation, especially in relation to the influence of rain and snow. état pédologique - Bodenzustand - bodemgesteldheid condizioni del suolo + bodemgesteldheid + Bodenzustand + @@ -48884,27 +69405,33 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.soil conservation Management of soil to prevent or reduce soil erosion and depletion by wind and water. Preservation of soil against deterioration and loss by using it within its capabilities; application of conservation practices needed for its protection and improvement. conservation du sol - Bodenschutz - bodembehoud conservazione del suolo + bodembehoud + Bodenschutz + + soil conservation legislation A binding rule or body of rules prescribed by a government to protect and prevent the loss of an area's surface layer of decomposed rock and organic material, valued for its nutrients and ability to support life. législation en matière de protection du sol - Bodenschutzrecht - bodembehoudswetgeving legislazione sulla conservazione del suolo + bodembehoudswetgeving + Bodenschutzrecht + + + soil damage Soil impaired as a consequence of human activity. A study financed by UNEP, reporting in 1992, found that about 10,5% of the world's vegetative surface had been seriously damaged by human activity since 1945. The study found that much of the damage had been masked by a general rise in global agricultural productivity resulting from expanded irrigation, better plant varieties, and greater use of production inputs, such as fertilizers and pesticides. More than 1/3 of the damaged land was in Asia, almost 1/3 in Africa, and 1/4 in Central America. Some land had been damaged beyond restoration. The greatest sources of soil degradation were overgrazing, unsuitable agricultural practices, and deforestation. déterioration du sol - Bodenschädigung - schade aan de bodem danno al suolo + schade aan de bodem + Bodenschädigung + @@ -48912,9 +69439,12 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.soil decontamination Technologies employed in the removal of PCBs, PAH, pesticides and, more generally, of organic compounds by physical, chemical or biological treatments. décontamination des sols - Bodendekontamination - bodemsanering decontaminazione del suolo + bodemsanering + Bodendekontamination + + + @@ -48922,9 +69452,10 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.soil degradation Soil may deteriorate either by physical movement of soil particles from a given site or by depletion of the water-soluble elements in the soil which contribute to the nourishment of crop, plants, grasses, trees, and other economically usable vegetation. The physical movement generally is referred to as erosion. Wind, water, glacial ice, animals and tools in use may be agents of erosion. dégradation du sol - Bodendegradation - bodemdegradatie degrado del suolo + bodemdegradatie + Bodendegradation + @@ -48934,9 +69465,11 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.soil erosion Detachment and movement of topsoil or soil material from the upper part of the profile, by the action of wind or running water, especially as a result of changes brought about by human activity, such as unsuitable or mismanaged agriculture. érosion du sol - Bodenerosion - bodemerosie erosione del suolo + bodemerosie + Bodenerosion + + @@ -48945,27 +69478,32 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.bibliography A complete or selective listing of documents by a given subject, author or publisher, often including the description and identification of the editions, dates of issue, titles, authorship, publishers or other written materials. bibliographie - Bibliographie - bibliografie bibliografia + bibliografie + Bibliographie + soil fertility The status of a soil with respect to the amount and availability to plants of elements necessary for plant growth. fertilité du sol - Bodenfruchtbarkeit - bodemvruchtbaarheid fertilità del suolo + bodemvruchtbaarheid + Bodenfruchtbarkeit + + soil fertilisation The application of any organic or inorganic material of natural or synthetic origins to a soil to supply one or more elements essential to the growth of plants. fertilisation - Düngung - bodembemesting fertilizzazione del suolo + bodembemesting + Düngung + + @@ -48975,18 +69513,22 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.soil formation The combination of natural processes by which soils are formed. It is also known as pedogenesis. The most important soil-forming factors are parent material, terrain, climate, aspect, vegetation cover, microorganisms in the soil and the age of the land surface. Some pedologists would add to this list the influence of human activities. All the factors exhibit varying degrees of interrelationship and some are more important than others, with climate often being singled out as the most important. formation du sol - Bodenbildung - bodemvorming formazione del suolo + bodemvorming + Bodenbildung + + soil improvement Process of protecting the soil from excessive erosion and making soil more fertile and productive. amendement du sol - Bodenverbesserung - grondverbetering miglioramento del suolo + grondverbetering + Bodenverbesserung + + @@ -48994,9 +69536,10 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.soil layer Distinctive successive layers of soil produced by internal redistribution processes. Conventionally the layers have been divided into A, B and C horizons. The A horizon is the upper layer, containing humus and is leached and/or eluviated of many minerals. The B horizon forms a zone of deposition and is enriched with clay minerals and iron/aluminium oxides from the A layer. The C layer is the parent material for the present soil and may be partially weathered rock, transported glacial or alluvial material or an earlier soil. couches de sol - Bodenschicht - bodemlaag orizzonti del suolo + bodemlaag + Bodenschicht + @@ -49004,36 +69547,45 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.soil loading In soil mechanics and civil engineering the term is used to denote the increased weight brought to bear on the ground surface. capacité de charge du sol - Bodenbelastung - gronddruk carico del suolo + gronddruk + Bodenbelastung + + soil map A two-dimensional representation that shows the areal extent or the distribution of soils in relation to other features of the land surface. carte pédologique - Bodenkarte - bodemkaart carta del suolo + bodemkaart + Bodenkarte + + soil mechanics The study of the physical properties of soil, especially those properties that affect its ability to bear weight such as water content, density, strength, etc. mécanique des sols - Bodenmechanik - bodemmechanica meccanica del suolo + bodemmechanica + Bodenmechanik + + soil mineralogy Study of the formation, occurrence, properties, composition, and classification of the minerals present in the soil. minéralogie du sol - Bodenmineralogie - bodemmineralogie mineralogia del suolo + bodemmineralogie + Bodenmineralogie + + + @@ -49041,9 +69593,10 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.1) Water stored in soils. 2) One of the most important elements involved in pedological processes and plant growth. There are three basic forms: a) water adhering in thin films by molecular attraction to the surface of soil particles and not available for plants is termed hygroscopic water. b) Water forming thicker films and occupying the smaller pore spaces is termed capillary water. Since it is held against the force of gravity it is permanently available for plant growth and it is this type of soil water which contains plant nutrients in solution. c) Water in excess of hygroscopic and capillary water is termed gravitational water, which is of a transitory nature because it flows away under the influence of gravity. When the excess has drained away the amount of water retained in the soil is termed its field capacity, when some of its pore spaces are still free of water. humidité du sol - Bodenfeuchtigkeit - bodemvocht umidità del suolo + bodemvocht + Bodenfeuchtigkeit + @@ -49053,18 +69606,21 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.soil moisture regime The water regime of the soil is determined by the physical properties and arrangement of the soil particles. The pores in a soil determine its water-retention characteristics. When all the pores are full of water, the soil is said to be saturated. régime d'humidité du sol - Bodenwasserhaushalt - bodemvochthuishouding regime di umidità del suolo + bodemvochthuishouding + Bodenwasserhaushalt + soil organism Organisms which live in the soil. organisme du sol - Bodenorganismen - bodemorganisme organismo del suolo + bodemorganisme + Bodenorganismen + + @@ -49073,27 +69629,32 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.soil pollutant Solid, liquid and gaseous substances that detrimentally alter the natural condition of the soil. polluant des sols - Bodenschadstoff - bodemvervuiler inquinante del suolo + bodemvervuiler + Bodenschadstoff + + bicycle A vehicle with two wheels in tandem, pedals connected to the rear wheel by a chain, handlebars for steering, and a saddlelike seat. bicyclette - Zweirad - fiets bicicletta + fiets + Zweirad + soil pollution Modifications of soil features or, more generally, of its chemical and biological balance, caused by the discharge of polluting substances. pollution du sol - Bodenverunreinigung - bodemverontreiniging inquinamento del suolo + bodemverontreiniging + Bodenverunreinigung + + @@ -49103,9 +69664,10 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.soil process The major processes in soils are gains, losses, transfers, and transformations of organic matter, soluble salts, carbonates, silicate clay minerals, sesquioxides, and silica. Gains consist normally of additions of organic matter, and of oxygen and water through oxidation and hydration, but in some sites slow continuous additions of new mineral materials take place at the surface or soluble materials are deposited from groundwater. Losses are chiefly of materials dissolved or suspended in water percolating through the profile or running off the surface. processus du sol - Bodenprozeß - bodemproces processi del suolo + bodemproces + Bodenprozeß + @@ -49121,9 +69683,10 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.soil profile A vertical section of a soil, showing horizons and parent material. profil du sol - Bodenprofil - bodemprofiel profilo del suolo + bodemprofiel + Bodenprofil + @@ -49133,17 +69696,21 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.soil quality All current positive or negative properties with regard to soil utilization and soil functions. qualité du sol - Bodengüte - bodemkwaliteit qualità del suolo + bodemkwaliteit + Bodengüte + + soil resource ressources du sol - Bodenressourcen - bodemschatten risorse del suolo + bodemschatten + Bodenressourcen + + @@ -49151,18 +69718,22 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.soil salination The accumulation of soluble mineral salts near the surface of soil, usually caused by the capillary flow of water from saline ground water. Where the rate of surface evaporation is high, irrigation can exacerbate the problem by moistening the soil and causing water to be drawn from deeper levels as water evaporates from the surface. The evaporation of pure water leaves the salts behind, allowing them to accumulate, and they can reach concentrations that are toxic to plants, thus sterilizing the land. salinisation du sol - Bodenversalzung - bodemverzilting salinizzazione del suolo + bodemverzilting + Bodenversalzung + + soil science The study of the properties, occurrence, and management of soil as a natural resource. Generally it includes the chemistry, microbiology, physics, morphology, and mineralogy of soils, as well as their genesis and classification. sciences du sol - Bodenkunde - bodemkunde scienze del suolo + bodemkunde + Bodenkunde + + @@ -49173,18 +69744,20 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.soil settling Compaction involves the close-packing of the individual grains mainly by the elimination of pore-space and expulsion of entrapped water; this is normally brought about by the weight of the overlying sediments. tassement - Bodensetzung - inklinking assestamento del suolo + inklinking + Bodensetzung + soil stabilisation Chemical or mechanical treatment designed to increase or maintain the stability of a soil mass or otherwise to improve its engineering properties, as by increasing its shear strength, reducing its compressibility, or decreasing its tendency to absorb water. Stabilization methods include physical compaction and treatment with cement, lime, and bitumen. stabilisation du sol - Bodenverfestigung - grondverharding stabilizzazione del suolo + grondverharding + Bodenverfestigung + @@ -49192,18 +69765,22 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.soil structure The combination or aggregation of primary soil particles into aggregates or clusters, which are separated from adjoining peds by surfaces of weakness. Soil structure is classified on the basis of size, shape, and distinctness into classes, types, and grades. structure du sol - Bodenstruktur - bodemstructuur struttura del suolo + bodemstructuur + Bodenstruktur + soil subsidence A sinking down of a part of the earth's crust, generally due to underground excavations. affaissement du sol - Bodensenkung - bodemdaling affossamento del terreno + bodemdaling + Bodensenkung + + + @@ -49211,9 +69788,12 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.soil surface sealing Any activity or process in which ground surface areas are packed or plugged to prevent percolation or the passage of fluids. étanchéité de la surface du sol - Bodenversiegelung - bovenafdichting sigillatura della superficie del suolo + bovenafdichting + Bodenversiegelung + + + @@ -49223,18 +69803,20 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.1) Refers to the relative proportions of the various size groups (sand, silt and clay) of the individual soil grains in a mass of soil. 2) Classification of soil by the proportion and graduations of the three size groups of soil grains, i.e., sand, silt and clay, present in the soil. texture du sol - Bodentextur - bodemtextuur tessitura del suolo + bodemtextuur + Bodentextur + soil type A phase or subdivision of a soil series based primarily on texture of the surface soil to a depth at least equal to plow depth (about 15 cm). type de sol - Bodenart - grondsoort tipo di suolo + grondsoort + Bodenart + @@ -49245,18 +69827,21 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.1) Something done voluntarily by a person, and of such a nature that certain legal consequences attach to it. 2) Documents, decrees, edicts, laws, judgments, etc. acte législatif - Gesetze - akten atti + akten + Gesetze + soil use Functional utilization of soil for agriculture, industry, or residential building purposes. utilisation du sol - Bodennutzung - bodemgebruik uso del suolo + bodemgebruik + Bodennutzung + + @@ -49264,9 +69849,10 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.soil water Water stored in soils. eau du sol - Bodenwasser - (diep) grondwater acqua del suolo + (diep) grondwater + Bodenwasser + @@ -49274,9 +69860,11 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.solar cell A device for converting sunlight into electrical power using a semiconductor sensitive to the photovoltaic effect. Solar cells are used on space satellites to power electronic equipment, and as their price falls they may come to be used to provide energy on the Earth. cellule solaire - Solarzelle - zonnecel cellula solare + zonnecel + Solarzelle + + @@ -49284,9 +69872,11 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.solar collector Device which converts the energy from light into electricity. The collector system contains a concentrator and a receiver. The concentrator redirects and focuses sunlight on the receiver by using mirrors or lenses, and the receiver absorbs solar radiation and converts it to heat. capteur solaire - Solarkollektor - zonnecollector collettore solare + zonnecollector + Solarkollektor + + @@ -49295,9 +69885,10 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.solar energy The energy transmitted from the sun in the form of electromagnetic radiation. The most successful examples of energy extraction from the sun are so far solar cells used in satellites and solar collectors used to heat water. énergie solaire - Solarenergie - zonne-energie energia solare + zonne-energie + Solarenergie + @@ -49307,9 +69898,11 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.solar energy technology Solar energy can be converted to useful work or heat by using a collector to absorb solar radiation, allowing much of the sun's radiant energy to be converted to heat. This heat can be used directly in residential, industrial, and agricultural operations; converted to mechanical or electrical power; or applied in chemical reactions for production of fuels and chemicals. technologie de l'énergie solaire - Solartechnik - zonne-energietechnologie tecnologia solare + zonne-energietechnologie + Solartechnik + + @@ -49317,9 +69910,11 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.solar heating A domestic or industrial heating system that makes direct use of solar energy. The simplest form consists of a collector through which a fluid is pumped. The circuit also contains some form of heat storage tank and an alternative energy source to provide energy when the sun is not shining. The collector usually consists of a black surface through which water is piped, the black surface being enclosed behind glass sheets to make use of the greenhouse effect. chauffage solaire - Solarheizung - zon(ne)verwarming riscaldamento solare + zon(ne)verwarming + Solarheizung + + @@ -49328,18 +69923,23 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.solar power station Plant where energy is generated using radiation from the sun. centrale solaire - Solarkraftwerk - zonnekrachtcentrale centrale solare + zonnekrachtcentrale + Solarkraftwerk + + + solar radiation The electromagnetic radiation and particles emitted by the sun. rayonnement solaire - Solarstrahlung - zonnestraling radiazione solare + zonnestraling + Solarstrahlung + + @@ -49349,18 +69949,20 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.solid matter A crystalline material, that is, one in which the constituent atoms are arranged in a three-dimensional lattice, periodic in three independent directions. matière solide - Feststoff - vaste stof solido + vaste stof + Feststoff + solid state The physical state of matter in which the constituent molecules, atoms, or ions have no translatory motion although they vibrate about the fixed positions that they occupy in a crystal lattice. état solide - Fester Aggregatzustand - vaste vorm stato solido + vaste vorm + Fester Aggregatzustand + @@ -49370,18 +69972,20 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.bilateral convention An international agreement, especially one dealing with a specific matter, involving two or both sides, factions, or the like. convention bilaterale - Bilaterale Konvention - bilaterale overeenkomst convenzione bilaterale + bilaterale overeenkomst + Bilaterale Konvention + solid waste Discarded solid materials. Includes agricultural waste, mining waste, industrial waste and municipal waste. déchet solide - Fester Abfall - vaste afval rifiuto solido + vaste afval + Fester Abfall + @@ -49389,18 +69993,21 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.solid waste disposal The orderly discarding, release, collection, treatment or salvaging of unwanted or useless non-liquid, non-soluble refuse. mise en décharge de déchets solides - Beseitigung von festen Abfallstoffen - vaste afvalstort smaltimento di rifiuti solidi + vaste afvalstort + Beseitigung von festen Abfallstoffen + solubility The ability of a substance to form a solution with another substance. solubilité - Löslichkeit - oplosbaarheid solubilità + oplosbaarheid + Löslichkeit + + @@ -49410,9 +70017,11 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.solvent Substance, generally a liquid, capable of dissolving another substance. solvant - Lösungsmittel - oplosmiddel solvente + oplosmiddel + Lösungsmittel + + @@ -49420,9 +70029,14 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.solvent recovery Solvent recovery is a widely practised form of recycling where spent solvents are distilled and reused. However, the cheaper solvents are often incinerated or dumped in hazardous waste landfill sites. récupération du solvant - Lösungsmittelrückgewinnung - terugwinning van oplosmiddelen ricupero del solvente + terugwinning van oplosmiddelen + Lösungsmittelrückgewinnung + + + + + @@ -49430,36 +70044,48 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.songbird Any passerine bird of the suborder Oscines, having highly developed vocal organs and, in most, a music call. passereaux (passeriformes) - Singvogel - zangvogel uccello canoro + zangvogel + Singvogel + sonic boom A noise caused by a shock wave that emanates from an aircraft or other object traveling at or above sonic velocity. bang supersonique - Überschallknall - supersone knal bang sonico + supersone knal + Überschallknall + + + soot Impure black carbon with oily compounds obtained from the incomplete combustion of resinous materials, oils, wood, or coal. suie - Russ - roet fuliggine + roet + Russ + + + sorption The taking up, usually, of a liquid or gas into the body of another material (the absorbent). Thus, for instance, an air pollutant may be removed by absorption in a suitable solvent. sorption - Sorption - sorptie assorbimento + sorptie + Sorption + + + + + @@ -49470,9 +70096,10 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.sound Auditory sensation produced by the oscillations, stress, pressure, particle displacement, and particle velocity in a medium with internal forces; pressure variation that the human ear can detect. son - Schall - geluid suono + geluid + Schall + @@ -49484,9 +70111,11 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.sound emission Diffusion into the environment of a sound emitted from a given source. émission acoustique - Schallemission - geluidsemissie emissione sonora + geluidsemissie + Schallemission + + @@ -49494,9 +70123,11 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.sound immission The introduction in the environment of noise deriving from various sources that can be grouped in: transportation activities, industrial activities and daily normal activities. nuisance sonore - Schallimmission - geluidsimmissie immissione sonora + geluidsimmissie + Schallimmission + + @@ -49505,126 +70136,144 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.sound level The sound pressure level (in decibels) at a point in a sound field, averaged over the audible frequency range and over a time interval. niveau sonore - Schallpegel - geluidssterkte livello del suono + geluidssterkte + Schallpegel + sound measurement Because of the large variations in sound magnitudes, and because the human hearing sensation seems to vary in a logarithmic way, logarithms are used in measurement of sound. The sound pressure level is given in decibels (dB). mesure du niveau sonore - Schallmessung - geluidsmeting misura del suono + geluidsmeting + Schallmessung + bilge oil Waste oil that accumulates, usually in small quantities, inside the lower spaces of a ship, just inside the shell plating, and usually mixed with larger quantities of water. huile de fond de cale - Bilgenöl - ruimolie olio di sentina + ruimolie + Bilgenöl + + + soundproofing Reducing or eliminating reverberation in a room by placing sound-absorbing materials on the walls and ceiling. insonorisation - Schallschutz - geluiddicht maken insonorizzazione + geluiddicht maken + Schallschutz + sound propagation The travelling of acoustic waves in the atmosphere with a speed independent of their amplitude. The speed only depends on the acoustic medium and is proportional to the square route of the absolute temperature for any given medium. propagation du son - Schallausbreitung - geluidsvoortplanting propagazione del suono + geluidsvoortplanting + Schallausbreitung + sound transmission Passage of a sound wave through a medium or series of media. transmission du son - Geräuschübertragung - geluidsoverdracht trasmissione del suono + geluidsoverdracht + Geräuschübertragung + South America A continent in the southern part of the western hemisphere, astride the equator and the Tropic of Capricorn, bordered by the Caribbean Sea to the north and between the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans, connected to North America by the Isthmus of Panama, and divided into twelve countries: Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Chile, Columbia, Ecuador, Guyana, Paraguay, Peru, Suriname, Uruguay and Venezuela. Amérique du Sud - Südamerika - Zuid-Amerika America del Sud + Zuid-Amerika + Südamerika + South Atlantic Ocean An ocean south of the equator between the eastern coast of South America and the western coast of Africa that extends southward to the Antarctic continent, including the Drake Passage, South Sandwich Islands and Falkand Islands. Océan atlantique Sud - Südatlantik - Zuidelijke Atlantische Oceaan Oceano sud Atlantico + Zuidelijke Atlantische Oceaan + Südatlantik + Southeast Asia A geographic region of continental Asia, south of China, west of the South Pacific Ocean, north of the Indian Ocean, and east of the Bay of Bengal and the Indian subcontinent, including the Indochina Peninsula, the Malay Peninsula and the Indonesian and Philippine Archipelagos, and countries such as Brunei, Cambodia, Indonesia, Laos, Malaysia, Myanmar, the Philippines, Singapore, Thailand and Vietnam. Asie du Sud-Est - Südostasien - Zuid-Oost Azië Asia del Sud-Est + Zuid-Oost Azië + Südostasien + bilge water Water that builds up in the bottom of a ship's bilge. eau de fond de cale - Bilgenwasser - ruimwater acqua di sentina + ruimwater + Bilgenwasser + + + Southern Africa A geographic region of the African continent astride the Tropic of Capricorn, including Angola, Botswana, Lesotho, Malawi, Mozambique, Namibia, South Africa, Swaziland, Zambia and Zimbabwe, and also the Kalahari Desert, Zambezi River and Orange River. Afrique du Sud - südliches Afrika - Zuidelijk Afrika Africa meridionale + Zuidelijk Afrika + südliches Afrika + Southern Asia A geographic region of the Asian continent bordered in the north by the countries of Central Asia and in the south by the Arabian Sea and the Bay of Bengal, extending westward into Iran and eastward into China, including Afghanistan, Pakistan, India, Nepal, Bangladesh, Burma, Bhutan and Sri Lanka. Asie du Sud - Südasien - Zuidelijk Azië Asia medidionale + Zuidelijk Azië + Südasien + South Pacific Ocean An ocean south of the equator between Southeast Asia and Australia in the Eastern hemisphere and South America in the Western hemisphere, extending southward to the Antarctic region, including the Tasman and Coral seas and numerous islands, such as Galapagos, Solomon, Easter, Samoa, Fiji and Tonga islands, and also New Zealand and its islands. Océan pacifique Sud - Südpazifik - Zuidelijke Stille Oceaan Oceano sud Pacifico + Zuidelijke Stille Oceaan + Südpazifik + space (interplanetary) Space extending between the sun and the planets of the solar system. Interplanetary space is not empty, but contains dust, particles with an electric charge, and the magnetic field of the sun (also called the IMF, or Interplanetary Magnetic Field). espace (interplanétaire) - Weltraum - (interplanetaire) ruimte spazio (interplanetario) + (interplanetaire) ruimte + Weltraum + @@ -49633,9 +70282,11 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.space transportation Transportation by means of vehicles designed to operate in free space outside the earth's atmosphere. transport spatial - Weltraumtransport - vervoer door de (interplanetaire) ruimte trasporto spaziale + vervoer door de (interplanetaire) ruimte + Weltraumtransport + + @@ -49644,9 +70295,11 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.space travel Travel in the space beyond the earth's atmosphere performed for scientific research purposes. astronautique (vols spatiaux) - Raumfahrt - ruimtevaart viaggio spaziale + ruimtevaart + Raumfahrt + + @@ -49656,45 +70309,52 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.space waste Nonfunctional debris of human origin left in a multitude of orbits about the earth as the result of the exploration and use of the environment lying outside the earth's atmosphere. déchets de l'espace (issus de l'activité spatiale) - Weltraumabfall - ruimte-afval rifiuto spaziale + ruimte-afval + Weltraumabfall + + spasmodic croup croup spasmodique - Pseudo-Krupp - spasmodische kroep pseudo-croup + spasmodische kroep + Pseudo-Krupp + spatial mobility The rate of moves or migrations made by a given population within a given time frame. mobilité spatiale - Räumliche Mobilität - beweeglijkheid door de ruimte mobilità spaziale + beweeglijkheid door de ruimte + Räumliche Mobilität + + special authorisation An exceptional granting of power or permission or a legislative act authorizing money to be spent on government programs. autorisation spéciale - Ausnahmegenehmigung - speciale vergunning autorizzazione speciale + speciale vergunning + Ausnahmegenehmigung + specialisation (biological) Evolutionary adaptation to a particular mode of life or habitat. spécialisation (biologique) - Spezialisierung (ökologisch) - specialisatie (biologisch) specializzazione (biologia) + specialisatie (biologisch) + Spezialisierung (ökologisch) + @@ -49703,9 +70363,10 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.special law One relating to particular persons or things; one made for individual cases or for particular places or districts; one operating upon a selected class, rather than upon the public generally. A law is special when it is different from others of the same general kind or designed for a particular purpose, or limited in range or confined to a prescribed field of action or operation. loi spéciale - Sonderrecht - bijzondere wet legislazione speciale + bijzondere wet + Sonderrecht + @@ -49713,9 +70374,12 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.1) The accumulation of pollutants in living organisms by direct adsorption or through food chains. 2) Accumulation by an organism of materials that are not an essential component or nutrient of that organism. Usually it refers to the accumulation of metals, but it can apply to bioaccumulation of persistent synthetic substances such as organochlorine compounds. Many organisms, such as plants, fungi and bacteria, will accumulate metals when grown in solutions containing them. The process can be employed usefully as a purification process to remove toxic heavy metals from waste water and contaminated land. bioaccumulation - Bioakkumulation - bio-accumulatie bioaccumulo + bio-accumulatie + Bioakkumulation + + + @@ -49724,9 +70388,11 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.special waste Waste which must be handled in a particular manner and for which particular rules apply. déchet spécial - Sonderabfall - bijzonder afval rifiuto speciale + bijzonder afval + Sonderabfall + + @@ -49737,9 +70403,10 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.species A taxonomic category ranking immediately below a genus and including closely related, morphologically similar individuals which actually or potentially inbreed. espèce - Art (Spezies) - soort specie + soort + Art (Spezies) + @@ -49755,9 +70422,11 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.conservation of species Controlled utilization, protection or development of selected classes of plants or animals for their richness, biodiversity and benefits to humanity. conservation des espèces - Artenschutz - bescherming soorten conservazione delle specie + bescherming soorten + Artenschutz + + @@ -49766,27 +70435,32 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.species conservation programme An organized group of activities and procedures, often run by a government agency or a nonprofit organization, to preserve and protect living organisms designated as being at risk. programme de conservation des espèces - Artenschutzprogramm - programma voor het behoud van soorten programma di conservazione delle specie + programma voor het behoud van soorten + Artenschutzprogramm + + species impoverishment Loss of species due to factors such as climate change or random events such as persistent drought, natural catastrophe, the emergence of a new predator, or genetic mutation. appauvrissement des espèces - Artenverarmung - soortverarming impoverimento di specie + soortverarming + Artenverarmung + species reintroduction Reintroducing wild animal and plant species to their natural habitat. The reintroduction of species in a region requires a preliminary study to establish the reasons of their disappearance and the modifications that might have occurred in the biotopes. réintroduction des espèces - Wiedereinbürgerung von Arten - herinvoering van soorten reintroduzione di specie + herinvoering van soorten + Wiedereinbürgerung von Arten + + @@ -49795,45 +70469,56 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.spectroscopy The branch of physics concerned with the production, measurement, and interpretation of electromagnetic spectra arising from either emission or absorption of radiant energy by various substances. spectroscopie - Spektroskopie - spectroscopie spettroscopia + spectroscopie + Spektroskopie + + + + speed A scalar measure of the rate of movement of a body expressed either as the distance travelled divided by the time taken (average speed) or the rate of change of position with respect to time at a particular point (instantaneous speed). It is measured in metres per second, miles per hour, etc. vitesse - Geschwindigkeit - snelheid velocità + snelheid + Geschwindigkeit + + + speed limit The maximum permitted speed at which a vehicle may travel on certain roads. limitation de vitesse - Geschwindigkeitsbeschränkung - snelheidsgrens limite di velocità + snelheidsgrens + Geschwindigkeitsbeschränkung + spider Any predatory silk-producing arachnid of the order Araneae, having four pairs of legs and a rounded unsegmented body consisting of abdomen and cephalothorax. araignée - Spinnentier - spinnen ragni + spinnen + Spinnentier + abandoned vehicle A vehicle that has been discarded in the environment, urban or otherwise, often found wrecked, destroyed, damaged or with a major component part stolen or missing. véhicule abandonné - Abgestelltes Fahrzeug - verlaten voertuig veicolo abbandonato + verlaten voertuig + Abgestelltes Fahrzeug + + @@ -49841,9 +70526,11 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.bioaccumulative pollutant Pollutants that become concentrated in living organisms through the consumption of food or water. polluant bioaccumulatif - Bioakkumulativer Schadstoff - bio-accumulatieve verontreinigende stof inquinante bioaccumulativo + bio-accumulatieve verontreinigende stof + Bioakkumulativer Schadstoff + + @@ -49851,36 +70538,48 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.spillage The uncontrolled discharge, leakage, dripping or running over of fluids or liquid substances. fuite et écoulement accidentels - Ausgelaufene Flüssigkeit - gemorste hoeveelheid spandimento + gemorste hoeveelheid + Ausgelaufene Flüssigkeit + + + spoil dump Place where rubbish and waste minerals dug out of a mine are deposited. rejets humides (industrie minière) - Abraumhalde - stortplaats van uitgegraven grond cumulo di sterili + stortplaats van uitgegraven grond + Abraumhalde + + + + poriferan The sponges, a phylum of the animal kingdom characterized by the presence of canal systems and chambers through which water is drawn in and released; tissues and organs are absent. éponge - Schwämme - sponzen poriferi + sponzen + Schwämme + sport The complex of individual or group activities pursued for exercise or pleasure, often taking a competitive form. sport - Sport - sport sport + sport + Sport + + + + @@ -49889,9 +70588,11 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.sports facility Buildings, constructions, installations, organized areas and equipment for indoor and outdoor sport activities. infrastructure sportive - Sportanlage - sportvoorziening attrezzatura sportiva + sportvoorziening + Sportanlage + + @@ -49901,9 +70602,10 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.spray can An aerosol can for applying paint, deodorant, etc., as a fine spray. bombe aérosol - Sprühdose - spuitbus bombola spray + spuitbus + Sprühdose + @@ -49911,18 +70613,22 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.bio-availability The extent to which a drug or other substance is taken up by a specific tissue or organ after administration. biodisponibilité - Bioverfügbarkeit - biobeschikbaarheid disponibilità biologica + biobeschikbaarheid + Bioverfügbarkeit + sprayed asbestos Asbestos emitted into the atmosphere in a spraying operation. poussière d'amiante - Spritzasbest - spuitasbest amianto spruzzato + spuitasbest + Spritzasbest + + + @@ -49930,36 +70636,43 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.spring (hydrology, land) A place where ground water flows naturally from a rock or the soil onto the land surface or into a body of surface water. source - Quelle - bron sorgente (idrologia, territorio) + bron + Quelle + spring water Water obtained from an underground formation from which water flows naturally to the surface, or would flow naturally to the surface if it were not collected underground. eau de source - Quellwasser - bronwater acqua di fonte + bronwater + Quellwasser + spurting Supplying water or pesticides to crops with a spray. arrosage par aspersion - Spritzen - spuiten irrorazione + spuiten + Spritzen + + square An open area in a town, sometimes including the surrounding buildings. carré - Quadrat - plein piazza + plein + Quadrat + + + @@ -49967,18 +70680,23 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.squatter settlement Settlement on land or property to which there is no legal title. occupation sauvage de logement - Barackensiedlung - onwettelijke vestiging insediamento abusivo + onwettelijke vestiging + Barackensiedlung + + + stabilisation lagoon Ponds in which wastes are allowed to decompose over long periods of time and aeration is provided only by wind action. Sunlight is allowed to fall on sewage to purify it. étang de stabilisation - Stabilisierungsbecken - bezinkingsvijver vasca di stabilizzazione + bezinkingsvijver + Stabilisierungsbecken + + @@ -49986,9 +70704,12 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.stable A building or structure usually with stalls that is used to house and feed horses, cattle or other animals. étable - Stabilitaet - stal stalla + stal + Stabilitaet + + + @@ -49996,9 +70717,10 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.stack The portion of a chimney rising above the roof. cheminées, conduites et gaines d'évacuation - Rauchabzugsrohr - buis ciminiera + buis + Rauchabzugsrohr + @@ -50008,9 +70730,10 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. norme - Standard - norm standard + norm + Standard + @@ -50025,9 +70748,10 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.standardisation The act of conforming to a rule. normalisation - Standardisierung - standaardisering standardizzazione + standaardisering + Standardisierung + @@ -50035,18 +70759,22 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.standard for building industry A norm or measure applicable in legal cases for any enterprise involved in the construction, remodeling or finishing of enclosed structures for habitation. normes et règles de l'industrie du bâtiment - Baunorm - bouwnorm norme per l'industria delle costruzioni + bouwnorm + Baunorm + + staple food The most commonly or regularly eaten food in a country or community and which forms the mainstay of the total calorie supply, especially in the poorer populations and at times of food shortage. aliments de base - Hauptnahrungsmittel - basisvoeding alimento di base + basisvoeding + Hauptnahrungsmittel + + @@ -50055,18 +70783,22 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.starch A polysaccharide which is a combination of many monosaccharide molecules, made during photosynthesis and stored as starch grains in many plants. amidon - Stärke (Kohlenhydrat) - zetmeel amido + zetmeel + Stärke (Kohlenhydrat) + + + state A people permanently occupying a fixed territory bound together by common law, habits and custom into one body politic exercising, through the medium of an organized government, independent sovereignty and control over all persons and things within its boundaries, unless or until authority is ceded to a federation or union of other states. état - Staat - staat stato + staat + Staat + @@ -50077,52 +70809,62 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.state of the art Everything made available to the public by means of a written or oral description, by use or in any other way before the date of the patent application, or an application filed in a foreign country the priority of which is validly claimed. état de l'art - Stand der Technik - allernieuwst stato dell'arte + allernieuwst + Stand der Technik + + data on the state of the environment données sur l'état de l'environnement - Umweltzustandsdaten - gegevens over de toestand van het milieu dati sullo stato dell'ambiente + gegevens over de toestand van het milieu + Umweltzustandsdaten + + report on the state of the environment A written account on the level of integrity and conditions of the ecosystem and natural resources in a given region, usually presented by an official person or body mandated to protect human health and the environment in that region. rapport sur l'état de l'environnement - Umweltzustandsbericht - milieurapport relazione sullo stato dell'ambiente + milieurapport + Umweltzustandsbericht + + biochemical method Method based on the utilisation of a biochemical mechanism, e.g. any chemical reaction or series of reactions, usually enzyme catalysed, which produces a given physiological effect in a living organism. méthode biochimique - Biochemische Methode - biochemische methode metodo biochimico + biochemische methode + Biochemische Methode + + state of waste état de déchet - Abfallbeschaffenheit - toestand waarin afval verkeert stato dei rifiuti + toestand waarin afval verkeert + Abfallbeschaffenheit + state of matter One of the three fundamental conditions of matter: the solid, the liquid, and gaseous states. état de la matière - Aggregatzustand - toestand waarin stof verkeert stati della materia + toestand waarin stof verkeert + Aggregatzustand + @@ -50133,9 +70875,12 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.station A place along a route or line at which a bus, train, etc. stops for fuel or to pick up or let off passengers or goods, especially with ancillary buildings and services. gare - Bahnhof - station stazione + station + Bahnhof + + + @@ -50144,18 +70889,20 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.statistical analysis The body of techniques used in statistical inference concerning a population. analyse statistique - Analyse (statistisch) - statistische analyse analisi statistica + statistische analyse + Analyse (statistisch) + statistical data données statistiques - Statistische Daten - statistische gegevens dati statistici + statistische gegevens + Statistische Daten + @@ -50167,9 +70914,10 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.statistics A branch of mathematics dealing with the collection, analysis, interpretation, and presentation of masses of numerical data. statistiques - Statistik - statistiek statistica + statistiek + Statistik + @@ -50183,9 +70931,13 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.waste statistics Determination of the quantity and character of the wastes discarded by a community, by spot sampling procedure. statistiques portant sur les déchets - Abfallstatistik - afvalstatistieken statistica dei rifiuti + afvalstatistieken + Abfallstatistik + + + + @@ -50193,9 +70945,12 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.status of development The extent to which a society promotes human well-being in all dimensions of existence by forming people's capabilities, expanding choices and increasing opportunities. niveau de développement - Entwicklungsstand - ontwikkelingsgraad livello di sviluppo + ontwikkelingsgraad + Entwicklungsstand + + + @@ -50204,45 +70959,53 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. prescription statutory limitation restriction statutaire des prescriptions - Verjährung - voorgeschreven verjaring(stermijn) prescrizione acquisitiva + voorgeschreven verjaring(stermijn) + Verjährung + statutory public body An association, supported in whole or part by public funding, that is established to operate programs for the public, often with little interference from government in day-to-day business. entreprise publique - Staatsbetrieb - publiekrechtelijk bedrijfsorgaan organo di diritto pubblico + publiekrechtelijk bedrijfsorgaan + Staatsbetrieb + steady noise Unceasing prolonged noise, without interruption. bruit continu - Gleichmäßiger Lärm - aanhoudend geluid rumore continuo + aanhoudend geluid + Gleichmäßiger Lärm + + steam generator A pressurized system in which water is vaporized to steam by heat transferred from a source of higher temperature, usually the products of combustion from burning fuels. Also known as steam boiler. générateur de vapeur - Dampferzeuger - stoomgenerator generatore di vapore + stoomgenerator + Dampferzeuger + + steel Any of various alloys based on iron containing carbon (usually 0.1-0.7 per cent) and often small quantities of other elements such as phosphorus, sulphur, manganese, chromium, and nickel. Steels exhibit a variety of properties, such as strength, machinability, malleability, etc., depending on their composition and the way they have been treated. acier - Stahl - staal acciaio + staal + Stahl + + @@ -50250,18 +71013,23 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.steel industry Industry that deals with the processing of iron. industrie de l'acier - Stahlindustrie - staalnijverheid industria dell'acciaio + staalnijverheid + Stahlindustrie + sterilisation (process) An act or process of destroying all forms of microbial life on and in an object. stérilisation (processus) - Sterilisation (Prozeß) - steriliseren sterilizzazione (processo) + steriliseren + Sterilisation (Prozeß) + + + + @@ -50269,53 +71037,61 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.steroid A compound composed of a series of four carbon rings joined together to form a structural unit called cyclopentanoperhydrophenanthrene. stéroïde - Steroid - steroïde steroidi + steroïde + Steroid + incentive fund Money or financial resources set aside to stimulate, encourage, or incite action towards greater productivity. budget d'encouragement - Finanzieller Anreiz - stimuleringsfonds fondo di incentivazione + stimuleringsfonds + Finanzieller Anreiz + + stock (biological) A group of individuals of one species within a specified area. peuplement (biologique) - Bestockung - stam popolamento (biologico) + stam + Bestockung + adaptable species espèce capable de s'adapter - Anpassungsfähige Art - soorten met aanpassingsvermogen specie adattabile + soorten met aanpassingsvermogen + Anpassungsfähige Art + stock management The handling or controlling of accumulated materials or stored goods. gestion des stocks - Materialwirtschaft - beheer van aandelenkapitaal controllo del materiale in stoccaggio + beheer van aandelenkapitaal + Materialwirtschaft + stocktaking The counting over of materials or goods on hand, as in a stockroom or store. inventaire (du stock) - Bestandsaufnahme - inventarisatie inventario della merce + inventarisatie + Bestandsaufnahme + + @@ -50323,9 +71099,12 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.stone A general term for rock that is used in construction, either crushed for use as aggregate or cut into shaped blocks as dimension stone. pierre - Gestein - steen pietra (edilizia) + steen + Gestein + + + @@ -50334,9 +71113,11 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.storage dam A barrier of concrete, earth, etc., built across a river to create a body of water. barrage de retenue - Staudamm - stuwdam diga di contenimento + stuwdam + Staudamm + + @@ -50344,9 +71125,12 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.storm An atmospheric disturbance involving perturbations of the prevailing pressure and wind fields on scales ranging from tornadoes to extratropical cyclones; also the associated weather and the like. tempête - Sturm - storm tempesta + storm + Sturm + + + @@ -50354,9 +71138,13 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.storm damage Storms may cause flooding and damage to crops; uproot trees; damage roofs and chimneys; break windows, leading to rain damage; overturn trucks; affect transportation, communication and energy supplies; delay building construction and destroy traditional landmarks. In their more violent form, storms may cause severe damage and loss of life. dégât des tempêtes - Sturmschaden - stormschade danno prodotto dalla tempesta + stormschade + Sturmschaden + + + + @@ -50364,9 +71152,10 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.biochemical process Chemical processes occurring in living organisms. processus biochimique - Biochemischer Vorgang - biochemische processen processi biochimici + biochemische processen + Biochemischer Vorgang + @@ -50379,36 +71168,48 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.stove A chamber within which a fuel-air mixture is burned to provide heat, the heat itself being radiated outward from the chamber; used for space heating, process-fluid heating, and steel blast furnaces. étuve - Ofen - kachel stufa + kachel + Ofen + + + stratification The arrangement of a body of water, as a lake, into two or more horizontal layers of different characteristics, especially densities. stratification - Schichtung - gelaagdheid stratificazione + gelaagdheid + Schichtung + + + + stratosphere The layer of the atmosphere which is sandwiched between the troposphere and mesosphere. Of the energy that reaches the Earth from the sun, only 3% is absorbed in the stratosphere, but that includes the vitally important process of absorption of ultraviolet radiation by the stratospheric ozone layer. The stratosphere is cloudless and dust free, and almost unaffected by the turbulent conditions of the underlying level of the atmosphere. stratosphère - Stratosphäre - stratosfeer stratosfera + stratosfeer + Stratosphäre + + stratospheric ozone depletion Damage of the ozone shield by chemicals released on Earth. The main chemicals that are depleting stratospheric ozone are chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs), which are used in refrigerators, aerosols, and as cleaners in many industries, and halons which are used in fire extinguishers. The damage is caused when these chemicals release highly reactive forms of chlorine and bromine. appauvrissement de l'ozone stratosphérique - Stratosphärischer Ozonabbau - afbraak van stratosferische ozon riduzione dell'ozono stratosferico + afbraak van stratosferische ozon + Stratosphärischer Ozonabbau + + + @@ -50417,9 +71218,10 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.biochemical substance Chemical substances that occur in animals, microorganisms, and plants. substance biochimique - Biochemische Stoffe - biochemische stoffen sostanza biochimica + biochemische stoffen + Biochemische Stoffe + @@ -50437,18 +71239,23 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.stream measurement The quantitative determination of the rate and amount of flow or discharge from a natural body of running water, such as a small river or brook. mesure du courant (dans un cours d'eau) - Strömungsmessung - meting van de stroming misurazione delle correnti + meting van de stroming + Strömungsmessung + street cleaning The process of removing dirt, litter or other unsightly materials from city or town streets. nettoyage des rues - Strassenreinigung - straatreiniging pulizia delle strade + straatreiniging + Strassenreinigung + + + + @@ -50456,18 +71263,22 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. strength of materials résistance des matériaux - Festigkeitslehre - materiaalsterkte robustezza dei materiali + materiaalsterkte + Festigkeitslehre + stress A stimulus or succession of stimuli of such magnitude as to tend to disrupt the homeostasis of the organism. stress - Stress - spanning stress + spanning + Stress + + + @@ -50476,72 +71287,87 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.strip mining Superficial mining, in which the valuable rock is exposed by removal of overburden. Coal, numerous nonmetals and metalliferous ores (iron and copper) are worked in this way. Sinonym: strip mining, opencast mining, openpit mining. exploitation minière par couches à ciel ouvert - Tagebau - dagbouw attività mineraria a cielo aperto previo sbancamento + dagbouw + Tagebau + + strontium A soft silvery-white element of the alkaline earth group of metals, occurring chiefly as celestite and as strontianite. Its compounds burn with a crimson flame and are used in fire works. strontium - Strontium - strontium stronzio + strontium + Strontium + structural adjustment program A program for economic reforms aimed at improving or liberalizing an economy, which is advocated and imposed by the World Bank and International Monetary Fund on poor or developing countries in exchange for new loans. programme d'ajustement structurel - Strukturanpassungsprogramm - structureel herstelprogramma programma di aggiustamento strutturale + structureel herstelprogramma + Strukturanpassungsprogramm + structure-activity relationship The association between a chemical structure and carcinogenicity. relation structure activité - Struktur-Wirkung-Beziehung - structuur-activiteitsrelatie relazione struttura-attività + structuur-activiteitsrelatie + Struktur-Wirkung-Beziehung + + + + structure-borne noise Sound that travels over at least part of its path by means of the vibration of a solid structure. bruit de structure - Körperschall - contactgeluid rumore indotto dalla struttura + contactgeluid + Körperschall + biochemistry The study of chemical substances occurring in living organisms and the reactions and methods for identifying these substances. biochimie - Biochemie - biochemie biochimica + biochemie + Biochemie + + structure plan Metropolitan structure and land use plan intended to outline the general lines along which development should proceed in an area. schéma directeur d'aménagement - Strukturplan - structuurplan piano regolatore generale + structuurplan + Strukturplan + + + submarine morphology That aspect of geological oceanography which deals with the relief features of the ocean floor and with the forces that modify them. morphologie sous-marine - Unterwassermorphologie - morfologie van de zeebodem morfologia sottomarina + morfologie van de zeebodem + Unterwassermorphologie + @@ -50549,18 +71375,21 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. submarine sous-marin - Unterseeboot - onderzees sottomarino + onderzees + Unterseeboot + biocide A diverse group of poisonous substance including preservatives, insecticides, disinfectants and pesticides used for the control of organisms that are harmful to human or animal health or that cause damage to natural or manufactured products. biocide - Biozid - biocide biocida + biocide + Biozid + + @@ -50572,9 +71401,10 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise. subsequent order commande ultérieure - Nachträgliche Anordnung - volgende rangorde provvedimento susseguente + volgende rangorde + Nachträgliche Anordnung + @@ -50582,9 +71412,11 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.1) A sinking down of a part of the earth's crust, generally due to underground excavations. 2) The sudden sinking or gradual downward settling of the Earth's surface with little or no horizontal motion. The movement is not restricted in rate, magnitude, or area involved. Subsidence may be caused by natural geologic processes, such as solution, thawing, compaction, slow crustal warping, or withdrawal of fluid lava from beneath a solid crust; or by man's activity, such as subsurface mining or the pumping of oil or ground water. affaissement - Absinken (geologisch) - (grond)verzakking subsidenza + (grond)verzakking + Absinken (geologisch) + + @@ -50592,36 +71424,45 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.subsidy Any monetary grant made by the government to a private industrial undertaking or charitable organization, but especially one given to consumers or producers in order to lower the market price of some service or product and make it readily affordable to the public. subvention - Subvention - subsidie sussidio + subsidie + Subvention + + subsoil Soil underlying surface soil, devoid of plant roots. sous-sol - Untergrund - ondergrond sottosuolo + ondergrond + Untergrund + subsoil drainage The removal of surplus water from within the soil by natural or artificial means, such as by drains placed below the surface to lower the water table below the root zone. drainage du sous-sol - Dränung - afwatering van de ondergrond drenaggio sotterraneo + afwatering van de ondergrond + Dränung + + substitutability (chemistry) The capability of a substance of being replaced by another, for example sweeteners used in place of sugar. substituabilité - Substituierbarkeit - vervangbaarheid sostituibilità (chimica) + vervangbaarheid + Substituierbarkeit + + + + @@ -50629,81 +71470,102 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.substitution of halogenated compounds Halogenated compounds, because of their toxical and persistent character, should be substituted by environmental friendly compounds, like water-based fat solvents in metal processing industry or water-based coating agents. substitution de composés halogénés - HKW-Ersatz - vervanging van halogeenverbindingen sostituzione dei composti alogenati + vervanging van halogeenverbindingen + HKW-Ersatz + + + + substitution of phosphate Replacement of phosphate in detergents by environmentally safer substances, such as zeolite. The substitute will not act as a nutrient, and so will not cause eutrophication as a result of the accelerated growth of plants and microorganisms if it is released into waterways. substitution des phosphates - Phosphatersatz - fosfaatvervanging sostituzione dei fosfati + fosfaatvervanging + Phosphatersatz + + substrate cultivation culture sur substrat - Substratkultur - substraatteelt coltivazione su substrato + substraatteelt + Substratkultur + subtropical ecosystem The interacting system of a biological community and its non-living environmental surroundings in regions bordering on the tropics or the regions between tropical and temperate zones. écosystème subtropical - Subtropisches Ökosystem - subtropisch ecosysteem ecosistema subtropicali + subtropisch ecosysteem + Subtropisches Ökosystem + + bioclimatology The study of climate in relation to fauna and flora. bioclimatologie - Bioklimatologie - bioclimatologie bioclimatologia + bioclimatologie + Bioklimatologie + + + suburb A residential district situated on the outskirts of a city or town. banlieue - Vorort - buitenwijk sobborgo + buitenwijk + Vorort + + + sugar (product) A sweet crystalline or powdered substance, white when pure, consisting of sucrose obtained mainly from sugar cane and sugar beets and used in many foods, drinks, and medicines to improve their taste. sucre - Zucker - suiker zucchero (prodotto) + suiker + Zucker + + sugar industry Establishments primarily engaged in processing raw cane sugar, sugar beets or starches to finished sucrose, glucose or fructose. By-products of this industry include beet pulp and inedible molasses. industrie du sucre - Zuckerindustrie - suikerindustrie industria zuccheriera + suikerindustrie + Zuckerindustrie + + + biocoenosis A community or natural assemblage of organisms; often used as an alternative to ecosystem but strictly is the fauna/flora association excluding physical aspects of the environment. biocénose - Biozönose - bioc(o)enose biocenosi + bioc(o)enose + Biozönose + @@ -50711,18 +71573,20 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.sulphate A salt or ester of sulfuric acid, widely distributed in nature and often found in the atmosphere. sulphate - Sulfat - sulfaten solfato + sulfaten + Sulfat + sulphide Any compound that includes one or more sulfur atoms with a more electropositive element, either carbon, metal or some other nonoxygen atom. sulfure - Sulfid - sulfide solfuro + sulfide + Sulfid + @@ -50730,36 +71594,45 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.sulphur A nonmetallic element existing in a crystalline or amorphous form and in four stable isotopes; used as a chemical intermediate and fungicide, and in rubber vulcanization. It is deposited from volcanic vents and fumaroles and also is found in sedimentary rocks, particularly with gypsum and limestone, and associated with salt-domes. Native sulphur is the main source of sulphur for the sulphuric acid industry, followed by sour gas (natural gas containing hydrogen sulphide) and pyrite. Sulphur is an essential plant macronutrient. soufre - Schwefel - zwavel zolfo + zwavel + Schwefel + bioconcentration factor The quotient of the concentration of a chemical in aquatic organisms at a specific time or during a discrete time period of exposure, divided by the concentration in the surrounding water at the same time or during the same period. facteur de bioconcentration - Biokonzentrationsfaktor - bioconcentratie factor fattore di bioconcentrazione + bioconcentratie factor + Biokonzentrationsfaktor + + + sulphur concentration Sulphur content in a solution. concentration en soufre - Schwefelkonzentration - zwavelgehalte concentrazione dello zolfo + zwavelgehalte + Schwefelkonzentration + + + sulphur dioxide Emissions of the gas given off during the burning of fossil fuels in power stations and other boilers. Sulphur dioxide is created because sulphur is an impurity in most coal and oils. When the fuel is burned the hot sulphur reacts with oxygen in the atmosphere to form sulphur dioxide. dioxyde de soufre - Schwefeldioxid - zwaveldioxide diossido di zolfo + zwaveldioxide + Schwefeldioxid + + @@ -50768,18 +71641,20 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.sulphuric acid A toxic, corrosive, strongly acid, colorless liquid that is miscible with water and dissolves most metals, and melts at 10C; used in industry in the manufacture of chemicals, fertilizers and explosives, and in petroleum refining. acide sulfurique - Schwefelsäure - zwavelzuur acido solforico + zwavelzuur + Schwefelsäure + sulphur oxide An oxide of sulphur, such as sulphur dioxide and sulphur trioxide; they are formed primarily from the combustion of fossil fuels; major air pollutants and cause of damage to the respiratory tract as well as vegetation. oxyde de soufre - Schwefeloxid - zwaveloxide ossidi di zolfo + zwaveloxide + Schwefeloxid + @@ -50789,9 +71664,11 @@ surface tyres on the road surface, and engine 'propulsion' noise.The extent to which a substance can be decomposed - or rotted - by bacteria and fungi. Implies that residues from degradation are nontoxic. One of the most misleading claims in business, because shoppers often assume a biodegradable product to be harmless. Some harmful compounds take much longer to degrade than others and the product can harm the environment while it is rotting. Biodegradation may also be incomplete, sometimes leaving residues in the environment which are more harmful than the original substance. Accumulation in the environment of nonbiodegradable (or poorly biodegradable) substances, such as some biocides, can cause serious problems. biodégradabilité - Biologische Abbaubarkeit - natuurlijke afbreekbaarheid biodegradabilità + natuurlijke afbreekbaarheid + Biologische Abbaubarkeit + + @@ -50800,9 +71677,11 @@ Implies that residues from degradation are nontoxic. One of the most misleading supervision of building works The oversight or direction in the construction and maintenance of houses, facilities, offices and other structures. supervision de travaux de construction - Bauaufsicht - bouwtoezicht controllo edilizio + bouwtoezicht + Bauaufsicht + + @@ -50810,36 +71689,43 @@ Implies that residues from degradation are nontoxic. One of the most misleading supervision of installation The oversight or direction over the process of setting up or making adjustments to a building or to a mechanical or electrical system or apparatus. surveillance d'installations - Anlagenüberwachung - toezicht houden op installaties supervisione delle installazioni + toezicht houden op installaties + Anlagenüberwachung + + supervisory body An appointed or official group given the responsibility of overseeing or managing normal work operations, special projects or other functions of an organization or agency. corps de tutelle - Überwachungsbehörde - toezichthoudend orgaan organo di sorveglianza + toezichthoudend orgaan + Überwachungsbehörde + supply (trade) The willingness and ability to sell a range of quantities of a good at a range of prices, during a given time period. Supply is one half of the market exchange process; the other is demand. offre - Angebot - aanbod offerta + aanbod + Angebot + + surface-active agent A substance that, when used in small quantities, modifies the surface properties of liquids or solids. A surface-active agent reduces surface tension in a fluid or the interfacial tension between two immiscible fluids, such as oil and water. Surfactants are particularly useful in accomplishing the wetting or penetration of solids by aqueous liquids and serve in the manner of detergent, emulsifying, or dispersing agents. They are more effective than soap in certain situations and are used by conservators for such purposes as cleaning, wetting, and dispersing. agent tensio-actif - Tensid - agens dat inwerkt op de oppervlakte agente tensioattivo + agens dat inwerkt op de oppervlakte + Tensid + + @@ -50847,36 +71733,41 @@ Implies that residues from degradation are nontoxic. One of the most misleading surface runoff Water that travels over the soil surface to the nearest surface stream; runoff of a drainage basin that has not passed beneath the surface since precipitation. ruissellement de surface - Oberflächenabfluß - afwatering van de oppervlakte deflusso superficiale + afwatering van de oppervlakte + Oberflächenabfluß + + surface tension The force acting on the surface of a liquid, tending to minimize the area of the surface; quantitatively, the force that appears to act across a line of unit length on the surface. Also known as interfacial force; interfacial tension; surface intensity. tension superficielle - Oberflächenspannung - grensvlakspanning tensione superficiale + grensvlakspanning + Oberflächenspannung + surface treatment Any method of treating a material (metal, polymer, or wood) so as to alter the surface, rendering it receptive to inks, paints, lacquers, adhesives, and various other treatments, or resistant to weather or chemical attack. traitement de surface - Oberflächenbehandlung - oppervlaktebehandeling trattamento di superficie + oppervlaktebehandeling + Oberflächenbehandlung + surface water All waters on the surface of the Earth found in streams, rivers, ponds, lakes, marshes or wetlands, and as ice and snow. eau de surface - Oberflächengewasser - oppervlaktewater acqua superficiale + oppervlaktewater + Oberflächengewasser + @@ -50893,9 +71784,11 @@ Implies that residues from degradation are nontoxic. One of the most misleading biodegradable pollutant A pollutant which can be converted by biological processes into simple inorganic molecules. polluant biodégradable - Biologisch abbaubarer Schadstoff - natuurlijk afbreekbare verontreinigende stof inquinante biodegradabile + natuurlijk afbreekbare verontreinigende stof + Biologisch abbaubarer Schadstoff + + @@ -50903,36 +71796,42 @@ Implies that residues from degradation are nontoxic. One of the most misleading surgical waste Any tissue, blood or mucus removed during surgery or autopsy, soiled surgical dressings, or other materials requiring special disposal procedures. déchet anatomique - Chirurgischer Abfall - chirurgisch (operatie-)afval rifiuto chirurgico + chirurgisch (operatie-)afval + Chirurgischer Abfall + + surplus The extent to which assets exceed liabilities, especially the profits remaining after operating expenses, taxes, interest and insurance costs are subtracted. surplus - Überschuß - overschot surplus + overschot + Überschuß + surveillance System that permits the continuous observation, measurement and evaluation of the progress of a process or phenomenon with the view to taking corrective measures. surveillance - Überwachung - toezicht sorveglianza + toezicht + Überwachung + survey A critical examination of facts or conditions to provide information on a situation. Usually conducted by interviews and/or on-site visitations. enquête - Überwachung - enquête inchiesta (ricerca) + enquête + Überwachung + + @@ -50943,9 +71842,11 @@ Implies that residues from degradation are nontoxic. One of the most misleading sustainable development Development that provides economic, social and environmental benefits in the long term having regard to the needs of living and future generations. Defined by the World Commission on Environment and Development in 1987 as: development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs. développement durable - Nachhaltige Entwicklung - duurzame ontwikkeling sviluppo sostenibile + duurzame ontwikkeling + Nachhaltige Entwicklung + + @@ -50958,18 +71859,22 @@ Implies that residues from degradation are nontoxic. One of the most misleading sustainable development indicator Statistical indicators used for measuring sustainable development that may be chosen among a wide range of themes as, for example, environmental capacity and quality of life. indicateur de développement durable - Nachhaltigkeitsindikator - duurzame ontwikkelingsindicator indicatore di sviluppo sostenibile + duurzame ontwikkelingsindicator + Nachhaltigkeitsindikator + sustainable use Use of the environment and its living resources at a rate that does not exceed its capacity for renewal in order to ensure its availability for future generations. utilisation durable - Nachhaltige Bewirtschaftung - duurzaam gebruik uso sostenibile + duurzaam gebruik + Nachhaltige Bewirtschaftung + + + @@ -50979,9 +71884,10 @@ Implies that residues from degradation are nontoxic. One of the most misleading marsh An periodically inundated area of low ground having shrubs and trees, with or without the formation of peat. marais - Sumpf - moeras palude + moeras + Sumpf + @@ -50989,9 +71895,11 @@ Implies that residues from degradation are nontoxic. One of the most misleading sweetener A sweetening agent, especially one that does not contain sugar. édulcorant - Süßstoff - zoetstof dolcificante + zoetstof + Süßstoff + + @@ -50999,9 +71907,10 @@ Implies that residues from degradation are nontoxic. One of the most misleading symbiosis A close and mutually beneficial association of organisms of different species. symbiose - Symbiose - symbiose simbiosi + symbiose + Symbiose + @@ -51010,9 +71919,11 @@ Implies that residues from degradation are nontoxic. One of the most misleading biodegradation Breaking down of a substance by microorganisms. biodégradation - Biologischer Abbau - natuurlijke afbraak degradazione biologica + natuurlijke afbraak + Biologischer Abbau + + @@ -51023,9 +71934,11 @@ Implies that residues from degradation are nontoxic. One of the most misleading synecology Study of the ecology of organisms, populations, communities or systems. synécologie - Synökologie - synecologie sinecologia + synecologie + Synökologie + + @@ -51043,9 +71956,13 @@ Implies that residues from degradation are nontoxic. One of the most misleading synergism An ecological association in which the physiological processes of behaviour of an individual are enhanced by the nearby presence of another organism. synergie - Synergismus - synergisme sinergismo + synergisme + Synergismus + + + + @@ -51055,9 +71972,11 @@ Implies that residues from degradation are nontoxic. One of the most misleading 1) A state in which the combined effect of two or more substances is greater than the sum of the separate effects. 2) An effect whereby two toxic substance together have more of an impact than anticipated. effet synergique des produits toxiques - Synergetische Wirkung von Giftstoffen - synergetisch effect van giftige stoffen effetto sinergico di sostanze tossiche + synergetisch effect van giftige stoffen + Synergetische Wirkung von Giftstoffen + + @@ -51065,17 +71984,20 @@ Implies that residues from degradation are nontoxic. One of the most misleading synthetic detergent An artificially produced solid or liquid cleansing substance that acts like soap but is stronger, and is capable of dissolving oily materials and dispersing them in water. détergent synthétique - Synthetische Reinigungs-/Waschmittel - synthetisch detergent detergente sintetico + synthetisch detergent + Synthetische Reinigungs-/Waschmittel + synthetic fibres industry industrie des fibres synthétiques - Kunstfaserindustrie - kunstvezelindustrie industria delle fibre sintetiche + kunstvezelindustrie + Kunstfaserindustrie + + @@ -51083,9 +72005,10 @@ Implies that residues from degradation are nontoxic. One of the most misleading 1) Genetic diversity: the variation between individuals and between populations within a species; species diversity: the different types of plants, animals and other life forms within a region; community or ecosystem diversity: the variety of habitats found within an area (grassland, marsh, and woodland for instance. 2) An umbrella term to describe collectively the variety and variability of nature. It encompasses three basic levels of organisation in living systems: the genetic, species, and ecosystem levels. Plant and animal species are the most commonly recognized units of biological diversity, thus public concern has been mainly devoted to conserving species diversity. diversité biologique - Artenvielfalt - biodiversiteit biodiversità + biodiversiteit + Artenvielfalt + @@ -51098,54 +72021,63 @@ Implies that residues from degradation are nontoxic. One of the most misleading synthetic material Material made artificially by chemical reaction. matière synthétique - Kunststoff - kunststof materiale sintetico + kunststof + Kunststoff + synthetic materials industry industrie de transformation des matières synthétiques - Kunststoffindustrie - kunststofverwerkende industrie industria dei lavorati plastici + kunststofverwerkende industrie + Kunststoffindustrie + + synthetic textile fibre An artificially produced filament or threadlike strand used by manufacturers to produce clothes or other goods that require weaving, knitting or felting, including polyester, nylon, rayon and other similar material. fibre textile synthétique - Kunstfaser - kunstvezel fibra tessile artificiale + kunstvezel + Kunstfaser + systems analysis A means of organizing elements into an integrated analytic and/or decisionmaking procedure to achieve the best possible results. analyse de système - Systemanalyse - systeemanalyse analisi dei sistemi + systeemanalyse + Systemanalyse + systems comparison Analysis or estimate noting similarities and differences in the operations of businesses and organizations. comparaison de systèmes - Systemvergleich - systeemvergelijking confronto di sistemi + systeemvergelijking + Systemvergleich + + systems theory The science concerned with the general study of structures and behaviours of systems which may be applicable in different branches of learning. théorie des systèmes - Systemtheorie - systeemtheorie teoria dei sistemi + systeemtheorie + Systemtheorie + + @@ -51153,27 +72085,31 @@ Implies that residues from degradation are nontoxic. One of the most misleading taking of evidence In criminal law and torts, the act of laying hold upon an evidence, with or without removing the same. instruction (droit) - Beweiserhebung - het verzamelen van bewijzen acquisizione di prove + het verzamelen van bewijzen + Beweiserhebung + tanker (truck) A truck designed for bulk shipment of liquids or gases. camion citerne - Tankfahrzeug - tankauto autocisterna + tankauto + Tankfahrzeug + tanker (ship) A ship designed for bulk shipment of liquids or gases. navire-citerne - Tankschiff - tankschip nave cisterna + tankschip + Tankschiff + + @@ -51182,18 +72118,22 @@ Implies that residues from degradation are nontoxic. One of the most misleading tank farm Storage space for containers of liquids or gases. parc de stockage - Tanklager - olie-opslagterrein area di stoccaggio + olie-opslagterrein + Tanklager + + tannin One of a group of complex organic chemicals commonly found in leaves, unripe fruits, and the bark of trees. Their function is uncertain though the unpleasant taste may discourage grazing animals. Some tannins have commercial uses, notably in the production of leather and ink; used in tanning, as a mordant in dyeing, and in ink manufacture. tannin - Gerbstoff - looistof tannino + looistof + Gerbstoff + + @@ -51201,45 +72141,57 @@ Implies that residues from degradation are nontoxic. One of the most misleading tar A viscous material composed of complex, high-molecular-weight, compounds derived from the distillation of petroleum or the destructive distillation of wood or coal. goudron - Teer - teer catrame + teer + Teer + + + target group A collection of people selected and approached by some entity for a variety of purposes, including assistance, recruitment, information dissemination, marketing and research. groupe-cible - Zielgruppe - doelgroep gruppo bersaglio + doelgroep + Zielgruppe + + adaptation period période d'adaptation - Anpassungsfrist - aanpassingsperiode periodo di adattamento + aanpassingsperiode + Anpassungsfrist + bioethics The study of ethical problems arising from biological research and its applications in such fields as organ transplantation, genetic engineering, or artificial insemination. bioéthique - Bioethik - bio-ethiek bioetica + bio-ethiek + Bioethik + + + tariff A classified list or scale of charges made in any private or public business. tarif - Tarif - tarief tariffa + tarief + Tarif + + + @@ -51247,27 +72199,30 @@ Implies that residues from degradation are nontoxic. One of the most misleading tar production The manufacture of dark, heavy, viscous substances or residue, which is obtained by the distillation of organic materials such as coal, wood and petroleum. production de goudron - Teerherstellung - teerproductie produzione di catrame + teerproductie + Teerherstellung + tar sand A sandstone in which hydrocarbons have been trapped; the lighter compounds evaporate, leaving a residue of asphalt in the rock pores. sable asphaltique - Bituminöser Sand - teer zand sabbia bituminosa + teer zand + Bituminöser Sand + tar use Any employment or utilization of dark, heavy, viscous substances or residue derived from the distillation of certain organic materials, often to produce benzene, soap, dyes, cosmetics and other products. emploi du goudron - Teernutzung - teergebruik uso di catrame + teergebruik + Teernutzung + @@ -51275,9 +72230,10 @@ Implies that residues from degradation are nontoxic. One of the most misleading tax An amount of money demanded by a government for its support or for specific facilities or services, most frequently levied upon income, property or sales. taxe - Steuer - belasting tassa + belasting + Steuer + @@ -51288,9 +72244,10 @@ Implies that residues from degradation are nontoxic. One of the most misleading taxation The act or result of a government requiring money for its support or for specific facilities or services. taxation - Besteuerung - belasting (heffen op) tassazione + belasting (heffen op) + Besteuerung + @@ -51301,36 +72258,41 @@ Implies that residues from degradation are nontoxic. One of the most misleading tax differentiation différenciation fiscale - Steuerdifferenzierung - heffingsonderscheid differenziazione delle tasse + heffingsonderscheid + Steuerdifferenzierung + tax law A binding rule or body of rules prescribed by a government stipulating the sum of money and manner of collection it demands for governmental support, facilities and services, usually levied upon income, property, sales or other financial resources. loi fiscale - Steuerrecht - belastingwet leislazione fiscale + belastingwet + Steuerrecht + + taxonomy The branch of biology concerned with the classification of organisms into groups based on similarities of structures, origin, etc. taxonomie - Taxonomie - taxonomie tassonomia + taxonomie + Taxonomie + teaching The act of imparting knowledge or skill. enseignement - Unterricht - onderwijs istruzione + onderwijs + Unterricht + @@ -51340,9 +72302,14 @@ Implies that residues from degradation are nontoxic. One of the most misleading biogas Gas, rich in methane, which is produced by the fermentation of animal dung, human sewage or crop residues in an air-tight container. It is used as a fuel, to heat stoves, lamps, run small machines and to generate electricity. The residues of biogas production are used as a low-grade organic fertilizer. Biogas fuels do not usually cause any pollution to the atmosphere, and because they come from renewable energy resources they have great potential for future use. biogaz - Biogas - biogas biogas + biogas + Biogas + + + + + @@ -51350,27 +72317,32 @@ Implies that residues from degradation are nontoxic. One of the most misleading teaching method A procedure, technique or system with definite plans for instruction or imparting knowledge. méthode d'enseignement - Lehrmethode - onderwijsmethode metodo di insegnamento + onderwijsmethode + Lehrmethode + technical regulation for dangerous substances Technical Guideline for Dangerous Substances: technical rules for handling dangerous materials. TRGS - TRGS - TRGS norme tecniche per le sostanze pericolose + TRGS + TRGS + + biogeochemical cycle Movement of chemical elements in a circular pathway, from organisms to physical environment, back to organisms. The process is termed a nutrient cycle if the elements concerned are trace elements, which are essential to life. A biogeochemical cycle occurs when vegetation decomposes and minerals are incorporated naturally in the humus for future plant growth. cycle biogéochimique - Biogeochemischer Kreislauf - biogeochemische cyclus ciclo biogeochimico + biogeochemische cyclus + Biogeochemischer Kreislauf + + @@ -51381,9 +72353,11 @@ Implies that residues from degradation are nontoxic. One of the most misleading technological change Changing of industrial methods by introducing new technology. changement technologique - Technologischer Wandel - technologische verandering cambiamento tecnologico + technologische verandering + Technologischer Wandel + + @@ -51392,18 +72366,21 @@ Implies that residues from degradation are nontoxic. One of the most misleading technological development développement technologique - Technologische Entwicklung - technologische ontwikkeling sviluppo tecnologico + technologische ontwikkeling + Technologische Entwicklung + + technological hazard Any application of practical or mechanical sciences to industry or commerce capable of harming persons, property or the environment. risque technologique - Technische Gefahr - technologisch gevaar rischio tecnologico + technologisch gevaar + Technische Gefahr + @@ -51413,9 +72390,10 @@ Implies that residues from degradation are nontoxic. One of the most misleading technological process procédé technologique - Technologische Prozesse - technologisch proces processo tecnologico + technologisch proces + Technologische Prozesse + @@ -51423,9 +72401,10 @@ Implies that residues from degradation are nontoxic. One of the most misleading technology Systematic knowledge of and its application to industrial processes; closely related to engineering and science. technologie - Technologie - technologie tecnologia + technologie + Technologie + @@ -51443,27 +72422,32 @@ Implies that residues from degradation are nontoxic. One of the most misleading biogeochemistry biogéochimie - Biogeochemie - biogeochemie biogeochimica + biogeochemie + Biogeochemie + technology acceptance The approval, favorable reception and ongoing use of newly introduced devices and systems, usually developed from recent advances in the engineering sciences or industrial arts. acceptation des technologies - Technologieakzeptanz - technologie-aanvaarding accettazione di tecnologia + technologie-aanvaarding + Technologieakzeptanz + + technology assessment The systematic analysis of the anticipated impact of a particular technology in regard to its safety and efficacy as well as its social, political, economic, and ethical consequences. évaluation des technologies - Technology Assessment - technologiebeoordeling valutazione delle tecnologie + technologiebeoordeling + Technology Assessment + + @@ -51471,54 +72455,66 @@ Implies that residues from degradation are nontoxic. One of the most misleading technology transfer The transfer of development and design work: a) from a parent company to a subsidiary, perhaps in another nation where it will be paid for in repatriated profits or royalties; b) from one country to another as a form of aid to help promote development and sustainable growth. Many nations have made great progress on the strength of technology transfer. transfert de technologie - Technologietransfer - technologie-overdracht trasferimento di tecnologia + technologie-overdracht + Technologietransfer + + + + tectonics A branch of geology dealing with the broad architecture of the outer part of the Earth, that is, the regional assembling of structural or deformation features, a study of their mutual relations, origin and historical evolution. tectonique - Tektonik - tektoniek tettonica + tektoniek + Tektonik + + - telecommunications + telecommunication The conveyance of images, speech and other sounds, usually over great distances, through technological means, particularly by television, telegraph, telephone or radio. télécommunication - Telekommunikation - telecommunicatie telecomunicazione + telecommunicatie + Telekommunikation + + biogeographical region Area of the Earth's surface defined by the species of fauna and flora it contains. régions biogéographiques - Biogeographische Regionen - biogeografische gebieden regioni biogeografiche + biogeografische gebieden + Biogeographische Regionen + telematics The convergence of computing and communications technologies, thus the use of telephone or radio to link computers and the use of computers to send messages via telephone or radio links. télématique - Telematik - telematica telematica + telematica + Telematik + telemetry The use of radio waves, telephone lines, etc., to transmit the readings of measuring instruments to a device on which the readings can be indicated or recorded. télémétrie - Telemetrie - telemetrie telemetria + telemetrie + Telemetrie + + @@ -51527,9 +72523,11 @@ Implies that residues from degradation are nontoxic. One of the most misleading television The process, equipment or programming involved in converting a succession of audiovisual images into corresponding electrical signals that are transmitted by means of electromagnetic waves to distant receivers or screens, at which the signals can be used to reproduce the original image. télévision - Fernsehen - televisie televisione + televisie + Fernsehen + + @@ -51537,27 +72535,34 @@ Implies that residues from degradation are nontoxic. One of the most misleading biogeography The science concerned with the geographical distribution of animal and plant life. biogéographie - Biogeographie - biogeografie biogeografia + biogeografie + Biogeographie + + + temperate ecosystem The interacting system of a biological community and its non-living environmental surroundings in regions of or related to moderate climates, intermediate between tropical and polar zones and having distinct warm to hot summer seasons and cool to cold winter seasons. écosystème des zones tempérées - Ökosystem der gemäßigten Zone - gematigd ecosysteem ecosistema temperato + gematigd ecosysteem + Ökosystem der gemäßigten Zone + + temperate forest Mixed forest of conifers and broad-leaf deciduous trees, or mixed conifer and broad-leaf evergreen trees, or entirely broad-leaf deciduous, or entirely broad-leaf evergreen trees, found in temperate regions across the world; characterized by high rainfall, warm summers, cold winters occasionally subzero, seasonality; typically with dense canopies, understorey saplings and tall shrubs, large animals, carnivores dominant, very rich in bird species. forêt des zones tempérées - Temperater Forst - bos in de gematigde klimaatzone foresta delle zone temperate + bos in de gematigde klimaatzone + Temperater Forst + + @@ -51566,9 +72571,11 @@ Implies that residues from degradation are nontoxic. One of the most misleading temperate woodland Forest dominated by broad-leaved hardwoods, which occurs over large tracts in the mid-latitudes of Europe, N. America, and eastern Asia, but which is restricted in the southern hemisphere to Chilean Patagonia. région à forêt tempérée - Temperater Wald - woudgebied in de gematigde klimaatzone bosco delle zone temperate + woudgebied in de gematigde klimaatzone + Temperater Wald + + @@ -51576,54 +72583,63 @@ Implies that residues from degradation are nontoxic. One of the most misleading temperature A property that determines the direction of heat flow when an object is brought into thermal contact with other objects: heat flows from regions of higher to those of lower temperatures. température - Temperatur - temperatuur temperatura + temperatuur + Temperatur + + temporary housing logement provisoire - Vorübergehende Unterkunft - tijdelijke bewoning alloggio temporaneo (sistemazione) + tijdelijke bewoning + Vorübergehende Unterkunft + temporary shelter Simple facilities for asylum or provisional lodgings to individuals or groups in emergencies. abri provisoire - Behelfsunterkunft - tijdelijke schuilplaats rifugio temporaneo + tijdelijke schuilplaats + Behelfsunterkunft + temporary storage Any deposit or holdings of goods, materials or waste in a facility, container, tank or some other physical location for a brief or short time period. stockage temporaire - Zwischenlagerung - tijdelijke opslag deposito temporaneo + tijdelijke opslag + Zwischenlagerung + + + teratogenesis The process whereby abnormalities of the offspring are generated, usually as the result of damage to the embryonal structure during the first trimester of pregnancy, producing deformity of the fetus. tératogenèse - Teratogenität - teratogenese teratogenesi + teratogenese + Teratogenität + teratogenesis screening dépistage de la tératogénèse - Teratogenitätsprüfung - controle op teratogenese screening teratogeno + controle op teratogenese + Teratogenitätsprüfung + @@ -51631,27 +72647,34 @@ Implies that residues from degradation are nontoxic. One of the most misleading teratogenicity The ability or tendency to produce anomalies of formation. teratogénicité - Teratogenität - teratogeniteit teratogenicità + teratogeniteit + Teratogenität + + teratogen Substances causing formation of a congenital anomaly or monstrosity in the embryo. agent tératogène - Teratogener Stoff - teratogeen teratogeno + teratogeen + Teratogener Stoff + + + terminology The body of specialized words relating to a particular subject. terminologie - Terminologie - terminologie terminologia + terminologie + Terminologie + + @@ -51660,18 +72683,20 @@ Implies that residues from degradation are nontoxic. One of the most misleading termite A soft-bodied insect of the order Isoptera; individuals feed on cellulose and live in colonies with a caste system comprising three types of functional individuals: sterile workers and soldiers, and the reproductives. Also known as white ant. termites - Termite - termieten termiti + termieten + Termite + terrestrial area Subdivisions of the continental surfaces distinguished from one another on the basis of the form, roughness, and surface composition of the land. zone terrestre - Terrestrische Gebiete - terrestrisch gebied area terrestre + terrestrisch gebied + Terrestrische Gebiete + @@ -51695,18 +72720,21 @@ Implies that residues from degradation are nontoxic. One of the most misleading terrestrial biological resource Any source of supply derived from plants, animals or other wildlife inhabiting land or ground, which may be used by humans for food, clothes and other necessities. ressources biologiques de la terre - Terrestrische biologische Ressourcen - biologische bodem(hulp)bronnen risorse biologiche terrestri + biologische bodem(hulp)bronnen + Terrestrische biologische Ressourcen + terrestrial ecosystem Any terrestrial environment, from small to large, in which plants and animals interact with the chemical and physical features of the environment. écosystème terrestre - Terrestrisches Ökosystem - ecosysteem van de bodem ecosistema terrestre + ecosysteem van de bodem + Terrestrisches Ökosystem + + @@ -51729,18 +72757,20 @@ Implies that residues from degradation are nontoxic. One of the most misleading biological activity activité biologique - Aktivitaet (biologisch) - biologische activiteit attività biologica + biologische activiteit + Aktivitaet (biologisch) + territorial policy A course of action adopted and pursued by government, business or some other organization, which determines the present and future use of each parcel of land in an area. politique territoriale - Gebietspolitik - politiek van een grondgebied politica territoriale + politiek van een grondgebied + Gebietspolitik + @@ -51748,36 +72778,42 @@ Implies that residues from degradation are nontoxic. One of the most misleading chemical addition Chemical reaction in which one or more of the double bonds or triple bonds in an unsaturated compound is converted to a single bond by the addition of other atoms or groups. addition chimique - Addition - chemische toevoeging addizione chimica + chemische toevoeging + Addition + territory An area that an animal or group of animals defends, mainly against members of the same species. territoire - Territorium - grondgebied territorio (ecologia) + grondgebied + Territorium + + tertiary sector The part of a country or region's economy that produces services or assets lacking a tangible and storable form. secteur tertiaire - Tertiärer Sektor - tertiaire sector settore terziario + tertiaire sector + Tertiärer Sektor + + test To carry out an examination on (a substance, material, or system) by applying some chemical or physical procedure designed to indicate the presence of a substance or the possession of a property. test - Test - test test + test + Test + @@ -51792,18 +72828,21 @@ Implies that residues from degradation are nontoxic. One of the most misleading test animal Animals on which experiments are conducted in order to provide evidence for or against a scientific hypothesis, or to prove the efficacy of drugs or the reaction to certain products. animal de laboratoire - Versuchstier - proefdier animale da esperimento + proefdier + Versuchstier + + biological analysis The analysis of a substance in order to ascertain its influence on living organisms. analyse biologique - Biologische Analyse - biologische analyse analisi biologica + biologische analyse + Biologische Analyse + @@ -51811,18 +72850,20 @@ Implies that residues from degradation are nontoxic. One of the most misleading testing guideline procédure de test recommandée - Prüfvorschrift - richtlijn voor proeven istruzioni per il test + richtlijn voor proeven + Prüfvorschrift + testing method méthode de test - Prüfverfahren - testmethode metodo di prova + testmethode + Prüfverfahren + @@ -51839,9 +72880,11 @@ Implies that residues from degradation are nontoxic. One of the most misleading test organism Any animal organism used for scientific research. organisme de test - Testorganismus - testorganisme organismo da esperimento + testorganisme + Testorganismus + + @@ -51849,27 +72892,31 @@ Implies that residues from degradation are nontoxic. One of the most misleading biological attribute Properties or features belonging to living organisms. attribut biologique - Eigenschaft (biologisch) - biologische eigenschap attributi biologici + biologische eigenschap + Eigenschaft (biologisch) + textile industry Industry for the production of fabrics. industrie textile - Textilindustrie - textielindustrie industria tessile + textielindustrie + Textilindustrie + + textile A material made of natural or man-made fibers and used for the manufacture of items such as clothing and furniture fittings. textile - Textilien - textiel prodotto tessile + textiel + Textilien + @@ -51877,45 +72924,52 @@ Implies that residues from degradation are nontoxic. One of the most misleading thallium Bluish-white metal with tinlike malleability, but a little softer; used in alloys. thallium - Thallium - thallium tallio + thallium + Thallium + theory of money A coherent group of general propositions about the supply and demand of money, interest rates, the flow of money's influence on the overall economy or the policies that should be adopted by institutions controlling the money supply. théorie monétaire - Geldtheorie - geldtheorie teoria monetaria + geldtheorie + Geldtheorie + theory of the welfare state A political conception of government in a capitalist economy where the state is responsible for insuring that all members of society attain a minimum standard of living through redistribution of resources, progressive taxation and universal social programs, including health care and education. théorie de l'Etat providence - Sozialstaatlichkeit - theorie van de verzorgingsstaat teoria sullo stato sociale + theorie van de verzorgingsstaat + Sozialstaatlichkeit + + + therapy The treatment of physical, mental or social disorders or disease. thérapie - Therapie - therapie terapia + therapie + Therapie + thermal insulation The process of preventing the passage of heat to or from a body by surrounding it with a nonconducting material. isolation thermique - Wärmeisolierung - warmte-isolatie isolamento termico + warmte-isolatie + Wärmeisolierung + @@ -51924,9 +72978,13 @@ Implies that residues from degradation are nontoxic. One of the most misleading thermal pollution The excessive raising or lowering of water temperature above or below normal seasonal ranges in streams, lakes, or estuaries or oceans as the result of discharge of hot or cold effluents into such water. pollution thermique - Wärmebelastung - warmteverontreiniging inquinamento termico + warmteverontreiniging + Wärmebelastung + + + + @@ -51934,18 +72992,23 @@ Implies that residues from degradation are nontoxic. One of the most misleading thermal power plant A power-generating plant which uses heat to produce energy. Such plants may burn fossil fuels or use nuclear energy to produce the necessary thermal energy. centrale thermique - Wärmekraftwerk - warmtecentrale centrale termoelettrica + warmtecentrale + Wärmekraftwerk + + + thermal sea power The concept of utilizing the temperature differences of 20°C or more that occur between the surface of an ocean and its depths to achieve a continuous supply of power; this temperature difference may be found in the tropical regions of the world. Various small plants have been constructed to demonstrate the principle. énergie thalassothermique - Meereswärmeenergie - warmte-energie uit de zee energia termica marina + warmte-energie uit de zee + Meereswärmeenergie + + @@ -51953,9 +73016,12 @@ Implies that residues from degradation are nontoxic. One of the most misleading 1) Heating and cooling a metal or alloy to obtain desired properties or conditions. 2) Treatment of hazardous waste in a device which uses elevated temperatures as the primary means to change the chemical, physical, or biological character or composition of the hazardous waste. Examples of thermal treatment processes are incineration, molten salt, pyrolysis, calcination, wet air oxidation, and microwave discharge. traitement thermique - Thermische Behandlung - warmtebehandeling trattamento termico + warmtebehandeling + Thermische Behandlung + + + @@ -51965,9 +73031,11 @@ Implies that residues from degradation are nontoxic. One of the most misleading thermal water Water, generally of a spring or geyser, whose temperature is appreciably above the local mean annual air temperature. eau thermale - Thermalwasser - warm water acqua termale + warm water + Thermalwasser + + @@ -51975,18 +73043,25 @@ Implies that residues from degradation are nontoxic. One of the most misleading thermodynamics The branch of physics which seeks to derive, from a few basic postulates, relationships between properties of matter, especially those connected with temperature, and a description of the conversion of energy from one form to another. thermodynamique - Thermodynamik - thermodynamica termodinamica + thermodynamica + Thermodynamik + + + thermoselect process Trade-Mark-Name for a thermic waste processing technology. Gasification is emerging as an alternative to combustion in the treatment and energy recovery from Municipal Solid Waste. Several innovative processes and demonstration plants are trying to achieve higher electrical efficiencies and lower emissions using this technology. procédé "Thermosélect" - Thermoselect-Verfahren - thermoselect proces processo thermoselect + thermoselect proces + Thermoselect-Verfahren + + + + @@ -51994,18 +73069,20 @@ Implies that residues from degradation are nontoxic. One of the most misleading thesaurus A compilation of terms showing synonyms, related terms and other relationships and dependencies, often used in a book format or as a standardized, controlled vocabulary for an information storage and retrieval system. thésaurus - Thesaurus - thesaurus thesaurus + thesaurus + Thesaurus + biological development The action of growing of living organisms. développement biologique - Biologische Entwicklung - biologische ontwikkeling sviluppo biologico + biologische ontwikkeling + Biologische Entwicklung + @@ -52013,27 +73090,37 @@ Implies that residues from degradation are nontoxic. One of the most misleading threshold value The maximum concentration of a particular substance to which a worker should be exposed in a given period of time. seuil (valeur) - Schwellenwert - grenswaarde valore limite (ricerca) + grenswaarde + Schwellenwert + + + + + tidal power Mechanical power, which may be converted to electrical power, generated by the rise and fall of ocean tides. The possibilities of utilizing tidal power have been studied for many generations, but the only feasible schemes devised so far are based on the use of one or more tidal basins, separated from the sea by dams (known as barrages), and of hydraulic turbines through which water passes on its way between the basins and the sea. énergie marémotrice - Gezeitenenergie - getijde-energie energia da maree + getijde-energie + Gezeitenenergie + + + tidal water Any water whose level changes periodically due to tidal action. eau de marée - Tidegewässer - getijwater acqua di marea + getijwater + Tidegewässer + + @@ -52042,9 +73129,11 @@ Implies that residues from degradation are nontoxic. One of the most misleading tide The periodic rise and fall of the water resulting from gravitational interaction between the sun, moon and earth. In each lunar day of 24 hours and 49 minutes there are two high tides and two low tides. marée - Gezeiten - tij marea + tij + Gezeiten + + @@ -52053,9 +73142,11 @@ Implies that residues from degradation are nontoxic. One of the most misleading timber industry Industry related with timber harvesting and processing. industrie du bois - Holzindustrie - houtindustrie industria del legno + houtindustrie + Holzindustrie + + @@ -52066,9 +73157,12 @@ Implies that residues from degradation are nontoxic. One of the most misleading 1) The dimension of the physical universe which, at a given place, orders the sequence of events. 2) A designated instant in this sequence, as the time of day. Also known as epoch. temps (durée) - Zeit - tijd tempo + tijd + Zeit + + + @@ -52076,9 +73170,10 @@ Implies that residues from degradation are nontoxic. One of the most misleading biological effect Biological effects include allergic reactions, respiratory disorders, hypersensitivity diseases and infectious diseases and can be caused by a variety of contaminants and pollutants. effet biologique - Biologische Wirkung - biologisch effect effetto biologico + biologisch effect + Biologische Wirkung + @@ -52091,9 +73186,10 @@ Implies that residues from degradation are nontoxic. One of the most misleading tin (element) A metallic element, occurring in cassiterite, that has several allotropes; the ordinary malleable silvery-white metal slowly changes below 13.2°C to a grey powder. It is used extensively in alloys, especially bronze and pewter, and as a noncorroding coating for steel. étain - Zinn - tin stagno (elemento) + tin + Zinn + @@ -52101,9 +73197,11 @@ Implies that residues from degradation are nontoxic. One of the most misleading tissue A part of an organism consisting of a large number of cells having a similar structure and function. tissu (corporel) - Biologisches Gewerbe - weefsel tessuto (biologia) + weefsel + Biologisches Gewerbe + + @@ -52113,18 +73211,20 @@ Implies that residues from degradation are nontoxic. One of the most misleading titanium A strong malleable white metallic element, which is very corrosion-resistant and occurs in rutile and ilmenite. It is used in the manufacture of strong lightweight alloys, especially aircraft parts. titane - Titan - titaan titanio + titaan + Titan + titanium dioxide A white, water-insoluble powder that melts at 1560°C, and which is produced commercially from the titanium dioxide minerals ilmenite and rutile; used in paints and cosmetics. dioxyde de titane - Titandioxid - titaandioxide diossido di titanio + titaandioxide + Titandioxid + @@ -52132,26 +73232,30 @@ Implies that residues from degradation are nontoxic. One of the most misleading toad Any anuran amphibian of the class Bufonidae, such as Bufo bufo of Europe. They are similar to frogs but are more terrestrial, having a drier warty skin. crapaud - Kröte - padden rospi + padden + Kröte + tobacco tabac - Tabak - tabak tabacco + tabak + Tabak + + tobacco smoke The grey, brown, or blackish mixture of gases and suspended carbon particles resulting from the combustion of tobacco. Tobacco smoke is inhaled and distributes toxins widely throughout the body and causes an enormous variety of illness among users and among non-smokers exposed to tobacco smoke. fumée de tabac - Tabakrauch - tabaksrook fumo di tabacco + tabaksrook + Tabakrauch + @@ -52159,18 +73263,24 @@ Implies that residues from degradation are nontoxic. One of the most misleading biological engineering The application of engineering principles and techniques to living organisms. It is largely concerned with the design of replacement body parts, such as limbs, heart valves, etc. génie biologique - Biotechnik - biotechnologie ingegneria naturalistica + biotechnologie + Biotechnik + + + tornado A rapidly rotating column of air developed around a very intense low-pressure centre. It is associated with a dark funnel-shaped cloud and with extremely violent winds (>300km/h) blowing in a counterclockwise spiral, but accompanied by violent downdraughts. The precise mechanisms are not fully understood but the following atmospheric conditions appear to be necessary for tornado development: a layer of warm moist air at low altitude; a layer of dry air at higher altitude with an inversion of temperature at about 1.000 m; a triggering mechanism, usually in the form of an active, intense cold front or solar heating of the ground which will create a vortex. tornade - Tornado - tornado tornado + tornado + Tornado + + + @@ -52178,27 +73288,35 @@ Implies that residues from degradation are nontoxic. One of the most misleading tortoise Any herbivorous terrestrial chelonian reptile of the family Testudinidae, of most warm regions, having a heavy dome-shaped shell and clawed limbs. tortue terrestre - Schildkröte - schildpad tartarughe + schildpad + Schildkröte + total parameter The sum of parameters that must be taken into account when assessing water quality (organoleptic factors, physico-chemical factors, toxic substances, microbiological parameters. paramètre total - Summenparameter - totale parameter parametri totali + totale parameter + Summenparameter + + + + tourism The temporary movement of people to destinations outside their normal places or work and residence, the activities undertaken during their stay in those destinations and the facilities created to cater for their needs. tourisme - Fremdenverkehr - toerisme turismo + toerisme + Fremdenverkehr + + + @@ -52215,9 +73333,11 @@ Implies that residues from degradation are nontoxic. One of the most misleading tourist facility All the services connected with tourism, especially when regarded as an industry. équipement touristique - Fremdenverkehrseinrichtung - toeristenvoorziening installazione turistica + toeristenvoorziening + Fremdenverkehrseinrichtung + + @@ -52234,9 +73354,11 @@ Implies that residues from degradation are nontoxic. One of the most misleading touristic zone Any section of a region which attracts travelers, often because of its scenery, objects of interest or recreational activities. zone touristique - Touristengebiet - toeristisch gebied zona turistica + toeristisch gebied + Touristengebiet + + @@ -52244,18 +73366,25 @@ Implies that residues from degradation are nontoxic. One of the most misleading toxic effect A result produced by the ingestion or contact of poisonous materials. effet toxique - Wirkung (toxisch) - giftig effect effetti tossici + giftig effect + Wirkung (toxisch) + + + + toxicity The degree of danger posed by a substance to animal or plant life. toxicité - Toxizität - giftigheid tossicità + giftigheid + Toxizität + + + @@ -52271,18 +73400,21 @@ Implies that residues from degradation are nontoxic. One of the most misleading toxicity of pesticides toxicité des pesticides - Toxizität von Pestiziden - giftigheid van bestrijdingsmiddelen tossicità dei pesticidi + giftigheid van bestrijdingsmiddelen + Toxizität von Pestiziden + toxic metal Metals (usually heavy metals) which interfere with the respiration, metabolism or growth of organisms. métal toxique - Toxische Metalle - giftig metaal metalli tossici + giftig metaal + Toxische Metalle + + @@ -52290,9 +73422,13 @@ Implies that residues from degradation are nontoxic. One of the most misleading toxicological assessment The process of characterizing and evaluating the inherent toxicity of a chemical substance, a poison, etc. évaluation toxicologique - Toxikologische Bewertung - giftigheidsboordeling valutazione tossicologica + giftigheidsboordeling + Toxikologische Bewertung + + + + @@ -52301,18 +73437,22 @@ Implies that residues from degradation are nontoxic. One of the most misleading toxicological testing Test for the determination of the inherent toxicity of a chemical. test toxicologique - Toxikologische Untersuchung - giftigheidsonderzoek prova tossicologica + giftigheidsonderzoek + Toxikologische Untersuchung + + toxicology A science that deals with poisons, their actions, their detection, and the treatment of the conditions they produce. toxicologie - Toxikologie - vergiftenleer tossicologia + vergiftenleer + Toxikologie + + @@ -52320,18 +73460,23 @@ Implies that residues from degradation are nontoxic. One of the most misleading toxic product Any product which can cause acute or chronic injury to the human body or which is suspected of being able to cause disease or injury under some conditions. produit toxique - Toxisches Produkt - giftig product prodotto tossico + giftig product + Toxisches Produkt + + + toxic substance A chemical or mixture that may present a risk or injury to health or the environment. substance toxique - Toxische Substanz - giftige stof sostanza tossica + giftige stof + Toxische Substanz + + @@ -52341,27 +73486,34 @@ Implies that residues from degradation are nontoxic. One of the most misleading toxic waste Refuse posing a significant hazard to the environment or to human health when improperly handled; includes carcinogenic, mutagenic, teratogenic or phytotoxic wastes, or wastes harmful to aquatic species, or poisonous wastes. déchet toxique - Giftmüll - giftig afval rifiuto tossico + giftig afval + Giftmüll + + + + toxin A poisonous substance generally of plant or animal origin. toxine - Toxin - giftige stof tossina + giftige stof + Toxin + + trace element Any of various chemical elements that occur in very small amounts in organisms and are essential for many physiological and biochemical processes. élément trace - Spurenelement - sporenelementen elemento in tracce + sporenelementen + Spurenelement + @@ -52369,18 +73521,20 @@ Implies that residues from degradation are nontoxic. One of the most misleading 1) Both metals and non-metals, essential for the metabolic processes of algae, invertebrates and vertebrates. Organisms that derive nearly all their energy via photosynthesis are especially dependent upon dissolved trace substances. 2) Impurities that are present at small but detectable levels. substances-traces et résidus - Spurenstoff - sporenmateriaal materiale in tracce + sporenmateriaal + Spurenstoff + tracheophyte A large group of plants characterized by the presence of specialized conducting tissues (xylem and phloem) in the roots, stems, and leaves. trachéophyte - Tracheophyten - Tracheophyta tracheofite + Tracheophyta + Tracheophyten + @@ -52388,9 +73542,10 @@ Implies that residues from degradation are nontoxic. One of the most misleading biological indicator A species or organism that is used to grade environmental quality or change. indicateur biologique - Bioindikator - bio-indicator indicatore biologico + bio-indicator + Bioindikator + @@ -52398,18 +73553,20 @@ Implies that residues from degradation are nontoxic. One of the most misleading tracking plan A formulated or systematic method for following or tracing environmentally related issues or concerns. programme de suivi - Zielverfolgungsplan - volgplan piano di localizzazione + volgplan + Zielverfolgungsplan + trade (services) The act or process of buying, selling or exchanging goods and services at either wholesale or retail, within a country or between countries. commerce - Handel - handel commercio + handel + Handel + @@ -52433,9 +73590,12 @@ Implies that residues from degradation are nontoxic. One of the most misleading tradeable permit Tradable emissions permits are used in an environmental regulatory scheme where the sources of the pollutant to be regulated (most often an air pollutant) are given permits to release a specified number of tons of the pollutant. The government issues only a limited number of permits consistent with the desired level of emissions. The owners of the permits may keep them and release the pollutants, or reduce their emissions and sell the permits. The fact that the permits have value as an item to be sold gives the owner an incentive to reduce their emissions. permis négociable - Handelbare Emissionsrechte - verhandelbare (emissie) rechten permesso commerciabile + verhandelbare (emissie) rechten + Handelbare Emissionsrechte + + + @@ -52443,9 +73603,12 @@ Implies that residues from degradation are nontoxic. One of the most misleading trade and consumption The act or process of buying, selling, or exchanging commodities and the use of goods and services. commerce et consommation - Handel und Verbrauch - handel en verbruik commercio e consumo + handel en verbruik + Handel und Verbrauch + + + @@ -52453,27 +73616,32 @@ Implies that residues from degradation are nontoxic. One of the most misleading trade barrier An artificial restraint on the free exchange of goods and services between nations. The most common types of trade barriers are tariffs, quotas, and exchange control. Such obstacles to trade are usually imposed by a country that wishes to protect domestic products in their home market against foreign competition, better its terms of trade, reduce domestic unemployment, or improve its balance-of-payments position. The raising of trade barriers by one country often provokes other nations position. Generally, the effect of a trade barrier is to reduce the volume of trade while increasing the domestic price of the protected good. Thus, it results in a relatively inefficient allocation of world resources and reduces the level of total world income and production. barrière commerciale - Handelsbarriere - handelsbarrière barriera commerciale + handelsbarrière + Handelsbarriere + + trade (economic) The act or the business of buying and selling for money. Mercantile or commercial business in general or the buying and selling, or exchanging, of commodities, either by wholesale or retail within a country or between countries. commerce (économique) - Handel (Wirtschaft) - handel (economisch) scambio (economico) + handel (economisch) + Handel (Wirtschaft) + + trade impact on environment Trade impacts on the environment can be direct, such as trade of endangered species, of natural resources, of natural products such as tropical timber, etc., or indirect, such as deforestation, loss of habitats, pollution from mining, from energy production, oil spills, global warming, etc., increases in transport infrastructures. influence du commerce sur l'environnement - Auswirkung des Handels auf die Umwelt - effect van handel op het milieu impatto del commercio sull'ambiente + effect van handel op het milieu + Auswirkung des Handels auf die Umwelt + @@ -52481,9 +73649,10 @@ Implies that residues from degradation are nontoxic. One of the most misleading trade policy A course of action adopted and pursued by government, business or some other organization, which promotes or determines the direction for the act or process of buying, selling or exchanging goods and services within a country or between countries. politique commerciale - Handelspolitik - handelsbeleid politica commerciale + handelsbeleid + Handelspolitik + @@ -52492,17 +73661,22 @@ Implies that residues from degradation are nontoxic. One of the most misleading trade (profession) The act or process of buying, selling, or exchanging commodities, at either wholesale or retail, within a country or between countries. commercial - Gewerbe - vak commercio (professione) + vak + Gewerbe + + trade relations relation commerciale - Handelsbeziehungen - handelsrelaties relazioni commerciali + handelsrelaties + Handelsbeziehungen + + + @@ -52511,9 +73685,11 @@ Implies that residues from degradation are nontoxic. One of the most misleading trade restriction Commercial discrimination that apply to the exports of certain countries but not to similar goods from other countries. restriction commerciale - Handelsbeschränkung - handelsbeperking restrizione commerciale + handelsbeperking + Handelsbeschränkung + + @@ -52521,18 +73697,20 @@ Implies that residues from degradation are nontoxic. One of the most misleading trades union An organization whose members are wholly or mainly workers and whose principal purposes include the regulation of relations between workers and employers or employers' associations. syndicat - Gewerkschaft - vakbond sindacato + vakbond + Gewerkschaft + traditional culture Learned, nonrandom, systematic behavior and knowledge transmitted over several generations, especially customs and beliefs originating before the advent of modern science and technology. culture traditionnelle - Traditionelle Kultur - traditionele cultuur cultura tradizionale + traditionele cultuur + Traditionelle Kultur + @@ -52543,9 +73721,10 @@ Implies that residues from degradation are nontoxic. One of the most misleading traditional health care A system of treating and healing maladies based on cultural beliefs and practices handed down from generation to generation. médecine traditionnelle - Schulmedizin - traditionele gezondheidszorg medicina tradizionale + traditionele gezondheidszorg + Schulmedizin + @@ -52553,9 +73732,10 @@ Implies that residues from degradation are nontoxic. One of the most misleading 1) The movement of vehicles, ships, aircraft, persons, etc., in an area or over a route. 2) The vehicles, persons, etc., moving in an area or over a route. trafic - Verkehr - verkeer traffico + verkeer + Verkehr + @@ -52578,9 +73758,11 @@ Implies that residues from degradation are nontoxic. One of the most misleading traffic accident An unexpected incident with potential for harm occurring through the movement or collision of vessels, vehicles or persons along a land, water, air or space route. accident de la route - Verkehrsunfall - verkeersongeval incidente dovuto al traffico + verkeersongeval + Verkehrsunfall + + @@ -52589,9 +73771,12 @@ Implies that residues from degradation are nontoxic. One of the most misleading traffic control The organization of a more efficient movement of traffic within a given road network by rearranging the flows, controlling the intersections and regulating the times and places for parking. contrôle de la circulation - Verkehrslenkung - verkeerscontrole controllo del traffico + verkeerscontrole + Verkehrslenkung + + + @@ -52599,18 +73784,23 @@ Implies that residues from degradation are nontoxic. One of the most misleading traffic control measure Means of controlling the number and speed of motorvehicles using a road. mesure pour le contrôle de la circulation - Verkehrsüberwachungsmaßnahme - verkeersvoorziening misura di controllo del traffico + verkeersvoorziening + Verkehrsüberwachungsmaßnahme + + traffic emission Exhaust gases and vapours emitted by motorvehicles. émission des véhicules à moteur - Verkehrsemission - uitstoot door het verkeer emissioni da traffico + uitstoot door het verkeer + Verkehrsemission + + + @@ -52620,9 +73810,11 @@ Implies that residues from degradation are nontoxic. One of the most misleading traffic engineering The determination of the required capacity and layout of highway and street facilities that can safely and economically serve vehicular movement between given points. génie de l'infrastructure routière - Verkehrstechnik - verkeerstechniek ingeneria del traffico + verkeerstechniek + Verkehrstechnik + + @@ -52630,9 +73822,12 @@ Implies that residues from degradation are nontoxic. One of the most misleading traffic infrastructure The fundamental facilities and systems used for the movement of vehicles, often provided through public funding. infrastructure routière - Verkehrsinfrastruktur - verkeersinfrastructuur infrastrutture per il traffico + verkeersinfrastructuur + Verkehrsinfrastruktur + + + @@ -52655,27 +73850,33 @@ Implies that residues from degradation are nontoxic. One of the most misleading traffic jam A number of vehicles so obstructed that they can scarcely move. encombrements - Verkehrsstau - verkeersopstopping ingorgo stradale + verkeersopstopping + Verkehrsstau + traffic monitoring The periodic or continuous surveillance or analysis of the movement of persons, objects, vehicles or other conveyances along an area of passage. surveillance du trafic - Verkehrsüberwachung - verkeersmeting monitoraggio del traffico + verkeersmeting + Verkehrsüberwachung + + traffic noise Noise emitted by vehicles (heavy vehicles, cars and motorcycles, tyre/road interaction). bruit routier - Verkehrslärm - verkeerslawaai rumore del traffico + verkeerslawaai + Verkehrslärm + + + @@ -52684,9 +73885,13 @@ Implies that residues from degradation are nontoxic. One of the most misleading traffic noise control Traffic noise can be controlled by reduction at source, by fitting motor vehicles with silencers, by installing barriers which interrupt the direct path of sound or by insulating dwellings exposed to high noise levels, such as those related to motorways or airports. lutte contre le bruit routier - Verkehrslärmschutz - beheersing van het verkeerslawaai controllo del rumore da traffico + beheersing van het verkeerslawaai + Verkehrslärmschutz + + + + @@ -52694,9 +73899,11 @@ Implies that residues from degradation are nontoxic. One of the most misleading traffic on water The movement of boats and other vessels over any water route or area. trafic fluvial - Verkehr zu Wasser - waterverkeer traffico su acqua + waterverkeer + Verkehr zu Wasser + + @@ -52708,27 +73915,34 @@ Implies that residues from degradation are nontoxic. One of the most misleading traffic route itinéraire à grande circulation - Verkehrsweg - verkeersroute strada di comunicazione + verkeersroute + Verkehrsweg + + + additional packaging Additional packaging around the normal sales packaging. For example as protection against theft or for the purpose of advertising; the customer may leave the additional packaging in the shop for waste collection. emballage supplémentaire - Umverpackung - aanvullende verpakking imballo eccessivo + aanvullende verpakking + Umverpackung + + + train A connected group of railroad cars, usu. pushed or pulled by a locomotive. train - Zug - trein treno + trein + Zug + @@ -52737,9 +73951,10 @@ Implies that residues from degradation are nontoxic. One of the most misleading training The process of bringing a person or a group of persons to an agreed standard of proficiency, by practice and instruction. formation - Schulung - opleiding formazione + opleiding + Schulung + @@ -52749,9 +73964,12 @@ Implies that residues from degradation are nontoxic. One of the most misleading training centre Place where people are prepared for a specific purpose. centre de formation - Ausbildungsstätte - opleidingscentrum centro di addestramento + opleidingscentrum + Ausbildungsstätte + + + @@ -52759,9 +73977,14 @@ Implies that residues from degradation are nontoxic. One of the most misleading biological monitoring The direct measurement of changes in the biological status of a habitat, based on evaluations of the number and distribution of individuals or species before and after a change. surveillance biologique - Biomonitoring - bio-monitoring monitoraggio biologico + bio-monitoring + Biomonitoring + + + + + @@ -52772,18 +73995,21 @@ Implies that residues from degradation are nontoxic. One of the most misleading trajectory The path described by an object moving in air or space under the influence of such forces as thrust, wind resistance, and gravity, especially the curved path of a projectile. trajectoire - Trajektorie - te volgen (of gevolgde) weg traiettoria + te volgen (of gevolgde) weg + Trajektorie + + biological nitrogen fixation fixation biologique de l'azote - Biologische Stickstoff-Fixierung - biologische stikstoffixatie fissazione biologica dell'azoto + biologische stikstoffixatie + Biologische Stickstoff-Fixierung + @@ -52791,18 +74017,22 @@ Implies that residues from degradation are nontoxic. One of the most misleading transboundary pollution Polluted air and water, or any other contaminated waste, that is generated in one country and transmitted to others. pollution transfrontalière - Grenzüberschreitende Schadstoffausbreitung (transnational) - grensoverschrijdende vervuiling inquinamento transfrontaliero + grensoverschrijdende vervuiling + Grenzüberschreitende Schadstoffausbreitung (transnational) + + + transitional arrangement Rules, guidelines or an agreement on the process of changing the administration, structure or constitution of a government or organization. arrangement transitoire - Übergangsregelung - overgangsregeling accordo transitorio + overgangsregeling + Übergangsregelung + @@ -52810,9 +74040,10 @@ Implies that residues from degradation are nontoxic. One of the most misleading transitional settlement A small village, community or group of houses, or other shelters, usually located in a thinly populated area and existing there for only a short time. établissement transitoire - Übergangsregelung - tijdelijke vestiging insediamento provvisorio + tijdelijke vestiging + Übergangsregelung + @@ -52820,9 +74051,10 @@ Implies that residues from degradation are nontoxic. One of the most misleading transition element One of a group of metallic elements in which the members have the filling of the outermost shell to 8 electrons interrupted to bring the penultimate shell from 8 to 18 or 32 electrons; includes elements 21 through 29 (scandium through copper), 39 through 47 (yttrium through silver), 57 through 79 (lanthanum through gold), and all known elements from 89 (actinium) on. élément de transition - Übergangselemente - overgangselementen elementi di transizione + overgangselementen + Übergangselemente + @@ -52843,18 +74075,22 @@ Implies that residues from degradation are nontoxic. One of the most misleading transpiration The loss of water vapour from a plant, mainly through the stomata and to a small extent through the cuticle and lenticels. Transpiration results in a stream of water, carrying dissolved minerals salts, flowing upwards through the xylem. transpiration - Transpiration - het zweten traspirazione + het zweten + Transpiration + transportation business Any commercial venture involved in the processes of conveying things or people from one place to another. entreprise de transports - Transportunternehmen - vervoersbedrijf compagnia di trasporti + vervoersbedrijf + Transportunternehmen + + + @@ -52862,27 +74098,35 @@ Implies that residues from degradation are nontoxic. One of the most misleading transportation by pipeline Transportation of gases, liquids or slurries by a system of tubes, of steel or plastics. Petroleum, natural gas and products derived from them are the main substances transported by pipelines. transport par pipeline - Rohrleitungstransport - vervoer per pijpleiding trasporto mediante condotte + vervoer per pijpleiding + Rohrleitungstransport + + + + transportation policy Comprehensive statements of the objectives and policies which a local transport authority intends to pursue; it includes and estimate of transport expenditure, a statement of transport objectives, etc. politique du transport - Verkehrspolitik - vervoersbeleid politica dei trasporti + vervoersbeleid + Verkehrspolitik + + + biological pest control Any living organism applied to or introduced into the environment that is intended to function as a pesticide against another organism declared to be a pest. méthode biologique de lutte contre les nuisibles - Biologische Schädlingsbekämpfung - biologische bestrijding controllo biologico delle infestazioni + biologische bestrijding + Biologische Schädlingsbekämpfung + @@ -52890,9 +74134,11 @@ Implies that residues from degradation are nontoxic. One of the most misleading transportation The act or means of moving tangible objects (persons or goods) from place to place. Often involves the use of some type of vehicle. transport - Transport - vervoer trasporto + vervoer + Transport + + @@ -52912,9 +74158,12 @@ Implies that residues from degradation are nontoxic. One of the most misleading transport planning A programme of action to provide for present and future demands for movement of people and goods. Such a programme is preceded by a transport study and necessarily includes consideration of the various modes of transport. planification des transports - Transportsystemplanung - vervoersplanning pianificazione dei trasporti + vervoersplanning + Transportsystemplanung + + + @@ -52924,9 +74173,11 @@ Implies that residues from degradation are nontoxic. One of the most misleading biological pollutant Viruses, bacteria, fungi, and mammal and bird antigens that may be present in the environment and cause many health effects. polluant biologique - Biologischer Schadstoff - biologische verontreiniger inquinante biologico + biologische verontreiniger + Biologischer Schadstoff + + @@ -52935,9 +74186,13 @@ Implies that residues from degradation are nontoxic. One of the most misleading transport (physics) Transfer of mass, momentum, or energy in a system as a result of molecular agitation, including such properties as thermal conduction and viscosity. transport (physique) - Transport (physikalisch) - overbrenging trasporto (fisica) + overbrenging + Transport (physikalisch) + + + + @@ -52945,9 +74200,10 @@ Implies that residues from degradation are nontoxic. One of the most misleading transport system System of lines of movements or communication by road, rail, water or air. système de transport - Transportsystem - vervoerssysteem sistema di trasporto + vervoerssysteem + Transportsystem + @@ -52957,18 +74213,23 @@ Implies that residues from degradation are nontoxic. One of the most misleading trapping To catch an animal in a mechanical device or enclosed place or pit. piégeage - Einfangen - het in klemmen vangen caccia con trappole + het in klemmen vangen + Einfangen + + + travel Moving from one place to another generally by using a transportation mean. voyage - Reisen - reizen viaggio (trasporti) + reizen + Reisen + + @@ -52977,18 +74238,23 @@ Implies that residues from degradation are nontoxic. One of the most misleading travel cost Expenditure of money or the amount of money incurred for journeying or going from one place to another by some mode of transportation. frais de voyage - Reisekosten - reiskosten spese di viaggio + reiskosten + Reisekosten + + + biological pollution Disturbance of the ecological balance by the accidental or deliberate introduction of a foreign organism, animal or plant species into an environment. pollution biologique - Biologische Verunreinigung - biologische verontreiniging inquinamento biologico + biologische verontreiniging + Biologische Verunreinigung + + @@ -52997,9 +74263,10 @@ Implies that residues from degradation are nontoxic. One of the most misleading treaty An international agreement in writing between two states or a number of states. Treaties are binding in international law; some treaties create law only for those states that are parties to them. traité - Vertrag - verdrag trattato + verdrag + Vertrag + @@ -53008,9 +74275,11 @@ Implies that residues from degradation are nontoxic. One of the most misleading tree Any large woody perennial plant with a distinct trunk giving rise to branches or leaves at some distance from the ground. arbre - Baum - boom albero + boom + Baum + + @@ -53025,18 +74294,21 @@ Implies that residues from degradation are nontoxic. One of the most misleading tree nursery An area where trees, shrubs, or plants are grown for transplanting, for use as stocks for budding and grafting. pépinière - Baumschule - boomkwekerij vivaio forestale + boomkwekerij + Baumschule + + biological process Processes concerning living organisms. processus biologique - Biologischer Vorgang - biologische processen processi biologici + biologische processen + Biologischer Vorgang + @@ -53059,9 +74331,10 @@ Implies that residues from degradation are nontoxic. One of the most misleading trend The general drift, tendency, or bent of a set of statistical data as related to time or another related set of statistical data. tendance - Trend - trend tendenza + trend + Trend + @@ -53074,9 +74347,10 @@ Implies that residues from degradation are nontoxic. One of the most misleading triazine Azines that contain three nitrogen atoms in their molecules. triazine - Triazin - triazine triazine + triazine + Triazin + @@ -53084,18 +74358,21 @@ Implies that residues from degradation are nontoxic. One of the most misleading trickle irrigation Method in which water drips to the soil from perforated tubes or emitters. This irrigation technology is water conserving compared to flooding, furrows, and sprinklers. irrigation goutte par goutte - Rieselbewässerung - druppelsgewijze bevloeiing irrigazione a goccia + druppelsgewijze bevloeiing + Rieselbewässerung + trinity of principles Three fundamental principles of environmental policy: precautionary principle, polluter pays-principle and cooperation principle. trinité de principes - Prinzipientrias - de drie principes van milieubeleid trinità di principi + de drie principes van milieubeleid + Prinzipientrias + + @@ -53103,18 +74380,20 @@ Implies that residues from degradation are nontoxic. One of the most misleading 1) The amount and rate of production which occur in a given ecosystem over a given time period. It may apply to a single organism, a population, or entire communities and ecosystems. 2) The quantity of organic matter or its equivalent in dry matter, carbon, or energy content which is accumulated during a given period of time. production biologique - Biologische Produktion - biologische productie produzione biologica + biologische productie + Biologische Produktion + tritium The hydrogen isotope having mass number 3; it is one form of heavy hydrogen, the other being deuterium. tritium - Tritium - tritium tritio + tritium + Tritium + @@ -53122,9 +74401,12 @@ Implies that residues from degradation are nontoxic. One of the most misleading trophic level Any of the feeding levels through which the passage of energy through an ecosystem proceeds; examples are photosynthetic plants, herbivorous animals, and microorganisms of decay. niveau trophique - Trophiegrad - trofisch peil livello trofico + trofisch peil + Trophiegrad + + + @@ -53135,9 +74417,11 @@ Implies that residues from degradation are nontoxic. One of the most misleading tropical ecosystem The interacting system of a biological community and its non-living environmental surroundings in the land and water of the equatorial region between the Tropic of Cancer and the Tropic of Capricorn. écosystème des zones tropicales - Tropisches Ökosystem - tropisch ecosysteem ecosistema tropicale + tropisch ecosysteem + Tropisches Ökosystem + + @@ -53146,18 +74430,22 @@ Implies that residues from degradation are nontoxic. One of the most misleading tropical forest ecosystem The interacting system of a biological community and its non-living environmental surroundings in forests found in tropical regions near the equator, which are characterized by warm to hot weather and abundant rainfall. écosystème de la forêt tropicale - Tropenwaldökosystem - ecosyteem van het tropisch woud ecosistema della foresta tropicale + ecosyteem van het tropisch woud + Tropenwaldökosystem + + tropical forest A vegetation class consisting of tall, close-growing trees, their columnar trunks more or less unbranched in the lower two-thirds, and forming a spreading and frequently flat crown; occurs in areas of high temperature and high rainfall. forêt tropicale - Tropenwald - tropisch bos foresta tropicale + tropisch bos + Tropenwald + + @@ -53165,36 +74453,46 @@ Implies that residues from degradation are nontoxic. One of the most misleading tropical rain forest The most valuable and the richest ecosystem on Earth. It plays a critical part in the Earth's life support systems and house 50%, and possibly as much as 90%, of all the species on Earth. It is a key storehouse of foods, oils and minerals, and a source of ingredients that make up a range of medical treatments. It also represents home and livelihood for many people. However, more than half of the rainforests have disappeared, chopped down for valuable tropical hardwoods, or cleared to provide areas for cattle grazing or human habitation. The forests play an important part in climate patterns, and deforestation is thought to be responsible for 18% of global warming. Furthermore, as they disappear there is also an albedo effect - a damaging increase in the sunlight reflected - which affects wind and rainfall patterns. forêt tropicale humide - Tropischer Regenwald - tropisch regenwoud foresta pluviale tropicale + tropisch regenwoud + Tropischer Regenwald + + + tropics The region of the earth's surface lying between two parallels of latitude on the earth, one 23°27' north of the equator and the other 23°27' south of the equator, representing the points farthest north and south at which the sun can shine directly overhead and constituting the boundaries of the Torrid Zone. tropiques - Tropengebiet - tropen zona torrida + tropen + Tropengebiet + + troposphere The lowest of the concentric layers of the atmosphere, occurring between the Earth's surface and the tropopause. It is the zone where atmospheric turbulence is at its greatest and where the bulk of the Earth's weather is generated. It contains almost all the water vapour and aerosols and three-quarters of the total gaseous mass of the atmosphere. Throughout the troposphere temperature decreases with height at a mean rate of 6.5°C/km and the whole zone is capped by either an inversion of temperature or an isothermal layer at the tropopause. troposphère - Troposphäre - troposfeer troposfera + troposfeer + Troposphäre + + tropospheric ozone Tropospheric ozone is a secondary pollutant formed from emissions of nitrogen oxides, non-methane volatile organic compounds and carbon monoxide. Ozone scars lung tissue, makes eyes sting and throats itch. It has been implicated as a contributor to forest dieback, damage to agricultural crops, etc. ozone troposphérique - Troposphärisches Ozon - troposferisch ozon ozono troposferico + troposferisch ozon + Troposphärisches Ozon + + + @@ -53202,9 +74500,10 @@ Implies that residues from degradation are nontoxic. One of the most misleading addition polymer A polymer formed by the chain addition of unsaturated monomer molecules, such as olefins, with one another without the formation of a by-product, as water; examples are polyethylene, polypropylene and polystyrene. polymère d'addition - Additionspolymer - toevoeging van een polymeer polimeri di addizione + toevoeging van een polymeer + Additionspolymer + @@ -53212,90 +74511,114 @@ Implies that residues from degradation are nontoxic. One of the most misleading trunk road A main road, especially one that is suitable for heavy vehicles. route à grande circulation - Fernstraße - hoofdweg strada di grande comunicazione + hoofdweg + Fernstraße + + tumour Any new and abnormal growth, specifically one in which cell multiplication is uncontrolled and progressive. tumeur - Tumor - tumor tumore + tumor + Tumor + tundra An area supporting some vegetation (lichens, mosses, sedges and low shrubs) between the northern upper limit of trees and the lower limit of perennial snow on mountains, and on the fringes of the Antarctic continent and its neighbouring islands. toundra - Tundra - toendra tundra + toendra + Tundra + + tunnel A underground passageway, especially one for trains or cars that passes under a mountain, river or a congested urban area. tunnel - Tunnel - tunnel tunnel + tunnel + Tunnel + + turbidity Cloudy or hazy appearance in a naturally clear liquid caused by a suspension of colloidal liquid droplets or fine solids. turbidité - Trübung - troebelheid torbidità + troebelheid + Trübung + + + turbine A fluid acceleration machine for generating rotary mechanical power from the energy in a stream of fluid. turbine - Turbine - turbine turbina + turbine + Turbine + + + tween-deck tanker A sea-going vessel that includes space between two continuous floor-like surfaces or platforms, which is also designed for bulk shipments of liquids or gases. pétrolier à réservoir d'entrepont - Zwischendeck-Tanker - tussendektanker nave cisterna a interponte + tussendektanker + Zwischendeck-Tanker + + twin-hull craft Oil tank vessels provided with a double-hull to meet the regulatory safety requirements in oil transportation. Requirements include minimum values for depths and breadth of double bottoms. Also called double-hull tank vessel. catamaran - Doppelhüllenschiff - schip met dubbele romp imbarcazione a due scafi + schip met dubbele romp + Doppelhüllenschiff + + + + two-stroke engine An internal combustion engine whose cycle is completed in two strokes of the piston. moteur à deux temps - Zweitaktmotor - tweetaktmotor motore a due tempi + tweetaktmotor + Zweitaktmotor + + + type of business The class or category of an enterprise or organization involved in an economy. type d'affaires - Unternehmensform - soort bedrijf tipo di impresa + soort bedrijf + Unternehmensform + + @@ -53304,36 +74627,43 @@ Implies that residues from degradation are nontoxic. One of the most misleading type of claim A class or category of interests or remedies recognized in law or equity that create in the holder a right to the interest or its proceeds, typically taking the form of money, property or privilege. type de demande - Klageart - soort aanspraak tipo di rivendicazione + soort aanspraak + Klageart + type of management The different, specific methods of business administration. type de management - Bewirtschaftungsform - soort bedrijfsvoering forma di gestione + soort bedrijfsvoering + Bewirtschaftungsform + + typhoon A severe tropical cyclone in the western Pacific. typhon - Taifun - tyfoon tifone + tyfoon + Taifun + + biological resource Wild organisms harvested for subsistence, commerce, or recreation (such as fish, game, timber or furbearers); domesticated organisms raised by agriculture, aquaculture, and silviculture; and ecosystems cropped by livestock. ressource biologique - Biologische Ressourcen - biologische (hulp)bronnen risorse biologiche + biologische (hulp)bronnen + Biologische Ressourcen + + @@ -53346,9 +74676,10 @@ Implies that residues from degradation are nontoxic. One of the most misleading tyre A rubber ring placed over the rim of a wheel of a road vehicle to provide traction and reduce road shocks. pneu - Reifen - band pneumatico + band + Reifen + @@ -53357,27 +74688,34 @@ Implies that residues from degradation are nontoxic. One of the most misleading ultrafiltration Separation of colloidal or very fine solid materials by filtration through microporous or semipermeable mediums. ultrafiltration - Ultrafiltration - ultrafiltratie ultrafiltrazione + ultrafiltratie + Ultrafiltration + + + + ultrasound Sound waves having a frequency above about 20,000 hertz. ultrason - Ultraschall - ultrageluid ultrasuono + ultrageluid + Ultraschall + ultraviolet radiation The part of the electromagnetic spectrum with wavelengths shorter than light but longer than x-rays; in the range of 4-400 nm. rayonnement ultraviolet - UV-Strahlung - ultraviolette straling radiazione ultravioletta + ultraviolette straling + UV-Strahlung + + @@ -53385,27 +74723,35 @@ Implies that residues from degradation are nontoxic. One of the most misleading UNCED United Nations Conference on Environment and Development, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, 1992. Conférence des Nations-Unies sur l'environnement et le développement - UNCED - VN-Conferentie over Milieu en Ontwikkeling UNCED + VN-Conferentie over Milieu en Ontwikkeling + UNCED + uncontrolled dump Place where waste is left on the ground and not buried in a hole. décharge sauvage - Wilde Deponie - ongecontroleerde storting discarica non controllata + ongecontroleerde storting + Wilde Deponie + + + landfill base sealing Sealing of a landfill with a relatively impermeable barrier designed to keep leachate inside. Liner materials include plastic and dense clay. étanchéité de base de décharge - Deponiebasisabdichtung - afsluiting van de onderlaag van een afvalstortplaats impermeabilizzazione del fondo delle discariche + afsluiting van de onderlaag van een afvalstortplaats + Deponiebasisabdichtung + + + + @@ -53414,45 +74760,54 @@ Implies that residues from degradation are nontoxic. One of the most misleading underground storage Storage located underground designed to hold gasoline or other petroleum products or chemical solutions. stockage souterrain - Tieflagerung - ondergrondse opslag deposito sotterraneo + ondergrondse opslag + Tieflagerung + + underground train A train for transportation of people, mostly beneath the surface of the ground, in order to lessen the traffic. métro - Untergrundbahn - metro metropolitana + metro + Untergrundbahn + + underprivileged people A segment of the population that does not have access to the rights or benefits granted to the rest of society, often because of low economic or social status. population sous-privilégiée - Unterprivilegierte Personen - kansarmen persona svantaggiata + kansarmen + Unterprivilegierte Personen + undertaking business Any commercial activity, position or site associated with the preparation of the dead for burial and the management and arrangement of funerals. entreprise commerciale - Leichenbestattung - onderneming attività funerarie + onderneming + Leichenbestattung + + underwater outlet Point of water disposal located below the sea surface. déversoir sous-marin - Unterwasserabfluß - onderwater uitlaat scarico sottomarino + onderwater uitlaat + Unterwasserabfluß + + @@ -53460,18 +74815,21 @@ Implies that residues from degradation are nontoxic. One of the most misleading unemployment The condition of being without remunerative employment. chômage - Arbeitslosigkeit - werkloosheid disoccupazione + werkloosheid + Arbeitslosigkeit + + ungulate Hoofed mammals, including the Artiodactyla and Perissodactyla. ongulé - Huftiere - hoefdieren ungulati + hoefdieren + Huftiere + @@ -53483,9 +74841,10 @@ Implies that residues from degradation are nontoxic. One of the most misleading United Nations A voluntary association of around 180 state signatory to the UN charter (1945), whose primary aim is to maintain international peace and security, solve economic, social, and political problems through international co-operation, and promote respect for human rights. Nations Unies - Vereinte Nationen - Verenigde Naties Nazioni Unite + Verenigde Naties + Vereinte Nationen + @@ -53494,9 +74853,11 @@ Implies that residues from degradation are nontoxic. One of the most misleading biological waste gas purification Processes for removing impurities from waste gas based on the employing of microorganisms. épuration biologique des effluents gazeux - Biologische Abgasreinigung - biologische zuivering van overtollig gas depurazione dei gas di scarico (biologica) + biologische zuivering van overtollig gas + Biologische Abgasreinigung + + @@ -53504,53 +74865,68 @@ Implies that residues from degradation are nontoxic. One of the most misleading unleaded petrol Petrol with a low octane rating, which has no lead additives in it and therefore creates less lead pollution in the atmosphere. carburant sans plomb - Bleifreies Benzin - loodvrije benzine carburante senza piombo + loodvrije benzine + Bleifreies Benzin + + + + + clean air area Areas where significant reductions in ozone forming pollutants have been achieved through industrial initiatives to control and/or prevent pollution, through implementation of transportation improvement plans, national efforts to reduce automobile tailpipe emissions and lower the volatility (evaporation rate) of gasoline. zone d'air pur - Reinluftgebiet - niet verontreinigde deel van de atmosfeer zona di aria non inquinata + niet verontreinigde deel van de atmosfeer + Reinluftgebiet + + raw water Water that has not been treated. eau non traitée - Rohwasser - onbehandeld water acqua non depurata + onbehandeld water + Rohwasser + + upbringing éducation (formation) - Aufzucht - opvoeding educazione familiare + opvoeding + Aufzucht + + + Upper House The body of a bicameral legislature comprising either representatives of member states in a federation or a select number of individuals from certain privileged estates or social classes. Sénat - Oberhaus - Eerste Kamer Senato + Eerste Kamer + Oberhaus + biological waste treatment A generic term applied to processes that use microorganisms to decompose organic wastes either into water, carbon dioxide, and simple inorganic substances, such as aldehydes and acids. The purpose of biological waste treatment is to control either the environment for microorganisms so that their growth and activity are enhanced, and to provide a means for maintaining high concentrations of the microorganisms in contact with the wastes. traitement biologique des déchets - Biologische Abfallbehandlung - biologische afvalverwerking trattamento biologico dei rifiuti + biologische afvalverwerking + Biologische Abfallbehandlung + + @@ -53560,9 +74936,10 @@ Implies that residues from degradation are nontoxic. One of the most misleading uranium A metallic element highly toxic and radioactive; used as nuclear fuel. uranium - Uran - uranium uranio + uranium + Uran + @@ -53570,9 +74947,11 @@ Implies that residues from degradation are nontoxic. One of the most misleading urban action program A planned, coordinated group of activities or services intended for improving urban centers in order to provide healthy and safe living conditions, efficient transport and communication, adequate public facilities and aesthetic surroundings. programme d'action urbaine - Städtisches Aktionsprogramm - stedelijk actieplan programma di attuazione urbanistica + stedelijk actieplan + Städtisches Aktionsprogramm + + @@ -53582,9 +74961,10 @@ Implies that residues from degradation are nontoxic. One of the most misleading urban area Areas within the legal boundaries of cities and towns; suburban areas developed for residential, industrial or recreational purposes. zone urbaine - Stadtgebiet - stedelijk gebied area urbana + stedelijk gebied + Stadtgebiet + @@ -53596,9 +74976,11 @@ Implies that residues from degradation are nontoxic. One of the most misleading additive Substances mixed in small quantities with another product to modify its chemical or physical state. Additives are used to make food look visually more attractive, in the case of colouring agents, as well as to preserve and extend the life of the product. additif - Zusatzstoff - additief additivo + additief + Zusatzstoff + + @@ -53606,27 +74988,34 @@ Implies that residues from degradation are nontoxic. One of the most misleading biological weapon Living organisms (or infective material derived from them) which are intended to cause disease or death in animals, plants, or man, and which depend for their effects on their ability to multiply in the person, animal or plant attacked. Various living organisms (for example, rickettsiae, viruses and fungi), as well as bacteria, can be used as weapons. arme biologique - Biologische Kampfmittel - biologische wapen arma biologica + biologische wapen + Biologische Kampfmittel + + urban decay Condition where part of a city or town becomes old or dirty or ruined, because businesses and wealthy families have moved away from it. dégradation urbaine - Stadtverfall - stadsverval degrado urbano + stadsverval + Stadtverfall + + urban design A plan, outline or preliminary sketch of, or for, a city or town. urbanisme - Städtische Gestaltung - stedelijke vormgeving progetto urbano + stedelijke vormgeving + Städtische Gestaltung + + + @@ -53635,9 +75024,12 @@ Implies that residues from degradation are nontoxic. One of the most misleading urban development Any physical extension of, or changes to, the uses of land in metropolitan areas, often involving subdivision into zones; construction or modification of buildings, roads, utilities and other facilities; removal of trees and other obstructions; and population growth and related economic, social and political changes. développement urbain - Stadtentwicklung - stadsontwikkeling sviluppo urbano + stadsontwikkeling + Stadtentwicklung + + + @@ -53656,27 +75048,34 @@ Implies that residues from degradation are nontoxic. One of the most misleading urban development law A binding rule or body of rules prescribed by government to regulate public services and the competing claims of residential, commercial and industrial interests in municipal areas generally characterized by moderate to high population density. droit de l'urbanisme - Stadtentwicklungsrecht - stedelijke ontwikkelingswet diritto urbanistico + stedelijke ontwikkelingswet + Stadtentwicklungsrecht + + urban ecosystem Towns and cities viewed as ecosystems, having an input of matter and energy, recycling within the system, and an output of matter and energy into the surroundings. écosystème urbain - Städtisches Ökosystem - stedelijk ecosysteem ecosistema urbano + stedelijk ecosysteem + Städtisches Ökosystem + + + biology A division of the natural sciences concerned with the study of life and living organisms. biologie - Biologie - biologie biologia + biologie + Biologie + + @@ -53697,26 +75096,34 @@ Implies that residues from degradation are nontoxic. One of the most misleading urban facility Supply of essential services to the community, e.g. electricity, gas, water. installation urbaine - Städtische Einrichtung - stadsvoorziening servizi urbani + stadsvoorziening + Städtische Einrichtung + + urban flows (resources) flux urbains - Städtische Kreisläüfe (Ressourcen) - stedelijke stromen (hulpbronnen) flussi urbani (di risorse) + stedelijke stromen (hulpbronnen) + Städtische Kreisläüfe (Ressourcen) + + + + urban green The complex of private and public gardens in an urban area. espaces verts - Städtische Grünfläche - stedelijk groen verde urbano + stedelijk groen + Städtische Grünfläche + + @@ -53726,45 +75133,57 @@ Implies that residues from degradation are nontoxic. One of the most misleading bioluminescence The production of light of various colors by living organisms (e.g. some bacteria and fungi, glow-worms and many marine animals). Luminescence is produced by a biochemical reaction, which is catalyzed by an enzyme. In some animals the light is used as a mating signal; in others it may be a protective device. In deep-sea forms luminous organs may serve as lanterns. bioluminescence - Biolumineszenz - bioluminiscentie bioluminescenza + bioluminiscentie + Biolumineszenz + + urbanisation The state of being or becoming a community with urban characteristics. urbanisation - Verstädterung - verstedelijking urbanizzazione + verstedelijking + Verstädterung + + urban landscape The traits, patterns and structure of a city's specific geographic area, including its biological composition, its physical environment and its social patterns. paysage urbain - Stadtlandschaft - stadslandschap paesaggio urbano + stadslandschap + Stadtlandschaft + + urban management The administration, organization and planning performed for cities or towns, particularly the process of converting farmland or undeveloped land into offices, businesses, housing and other forms of development. gestion urbaine - Stadtverwaltung - stedelijk beheer gestione urbana + stedelijk beheer + Stadtverwaltung + + urban planning The activity of designing, organizing or preparing for the future lay-out and condition of a city or town. planification urbaine - Stadtplanung - stedelijke planning pianificazione urbana + stedelijke planning + Stadtplanung + + + + @@ -53775,9 +75194,10 @@ Implies that residues from degradation are nontoxic. One of the most misleading biomass Biomass refers strictly speaking to the total weight of all the living things in an ecosystem. However, it has come to refer to the amount of plant and crop material that could be produced in an ecosystem for making biofuels and other raw materials used in industry, for example. biomasse - Biomasse - biomassa biomassa + biomassa + Biomasse + @@ -53794,9 +75214,11 @@ Implies that residues from degradation are nontoxic. One of the most misleading urban policy A course of action adopted and pursued by government, business or some other organization, which seeks to improve or develop cities or towns through land use planning, water resource management, central city development, policing and criminal justice, or pollution control. politique urbaine - Stadtpolitik - stedelijk beleid politica urbana + stedelijk beleid + Stadtpolitik + + @@ -53807,27 +75229,34 @@ Implies that residues from degradation are nontoxic. One of the most misleading urban pollution Pollution of highly populated areas mainly deriving from motor vehicles, industrial plants, combustion and heating plants, etc. pollution de la ville - Städtische Umweltbelastung - stadsvervuiling inquinamento urbano + stadsvervuiling + Städtische Umweltbelastung + + urban population The total number of persons inhabiting a city, metropolitan region or any area where the sum of residents exceeds a designated amount. population urbaine - Stadtbevölkerung - stedelijke bevolking popolazione urbana + stedelijke bevolking + Stadtbevölkerung + + urban renewal A continuing process of remodelling urban areas by means of rehabilitation and conservation as well as redevelopment. Urban renewal programmes are generally undertaken by public authorities and concern those parts of the city which have fallen below current standards of public acceptability. rénovation urbaine - Stadterneuerung - stadsvernieuwing rinnovamento urbano + stadsvernieuwing + Stadterneuerung + + + @@ -53835,18 +75264,24 @@ Implies that residues from degradation are nontoxic. One of the most misleading urban sanitation The renovation or redevelopment of the decaying areas of cities by the demolition or up-grading of existing dwellings and buildings and a general improvement in environmental conditions. assainissement urbain - Stadthygiene - stadsreiniging risanamento urbano + stadsreiniging + Stadthygiene + + urban settlement A collection of dwellings located in an urban area. ensemble résidentiel urbain - Städtische Siedlung - stadsvestiging insediamento urbano + stadsvestiging + Städtische Siedlung + + + + @@ -53862,18 +75297,24 @@ Implies that residues from degradation are nontoxic. One of the most misleading urban stress A state of bodily or mental tension developed through city living, or the physical, chemical, or emotional factors that give rise to that tension. stress urbain - Stadtbedingter Streß - stadsdruk stress urbano + stadsdruk + Stadtbedingter Streß + + + urban structure The built-up components, the street system and the facilities which make up an urban unit. structure urbaine - Städtische Struktur - stadsstructuur struttura urbana + stadsstructuur + Städtische Struktur + + + @@ -53883,18 +75324,25 @@ Implies that residues from degradation are nontoxic. One of the most misleading urban study The study and theory of building and other physical needs in cities or predominantly urban cultures. étude urbaine - Urbanistik - stadsonderzoek urbanistica + stadsonderzoek + Urbanistik + + urban traffic Movements of vehicles and people within a city. trafic urbain - Stadtverkehr - stadsverkeer traffico urbano + stadsverkeer + Stadtverkehr + + + + + @@ -53904,9 +75352,12 @@ Implies that residues from degradation are nontoxic. One of the most misleading biomass energy A renewable energy source that makes use of such biofuels as methane (biogas) generated by sewage, farm, industrial, or household organic waste materials. Other biofuels include trees grown in so-called "energy forests" or other plants, such as sugar cane, grown for their energy potential. Biomass energy relies on combustion and therefore produces carbon dioxide; its use would not, therefore, alleviate the greenhouse effect. energie de la biomasse - Energie aus Biomasse - biomassa-energie energia da biomasse + biomassa-energie + Energie aus Biomasse + + + @@ -53918,88 +75369,108 @@ Implies that residues from degradation are nontoxic. One of the most misleading urban water Water destined for private and public use in a town. eaux de ville - Stadtwasser - stadswater acqua urbana + stadswater + Stadtwasser + + urban water supply The distribution of water, including collection, treatment and storage, for use in a town, city or municipal area, and used generally for domestic and industrial needs. alimentation en eau de la ville - Städtische Wasserversorgung - stedelijke watervoorziening approvvigionamento idrico urbano + stedelijke watervoorziening + Städtische Wasserversorgung + ursid A family of mammals in the order Carnivora including the bears and their allies. Ursidae - Ursidae - Ursidae ursidi + Ursidae + Ursidae + scrap tyre Recyclable material from discarded motor vehicle tyres. pneu usagé - Altreifen - oude banden pneumatico di scarto + oude banden + Altreifen + + use of leisure time Making use of free time to carry out recreational activities. utilisation du temps libre - Freizeitnutzung - vrijetijdsbesteding uso del tempo libero + vrijetijdsbesteding + Freizeitnutzung + + user advantage avantage de l'utilisateur - Benutzervorteil - gebruikersvoordeel vantaggio dell'utente + gebruikersvoordeel + Benutzervorteil + utilisation of calorific value Calorific value is the heat per unit mass produced by complete combustion of a given substance. Calorific values are used to express the energy values of fuels; usually these are expressed in megajoules per kilogram. They are also used to measure the energy content of foodstuffs; i.e. the energy produced when the food is oxidized in the body. The units here are kilojoules per gram. Calorific values are measured using a bomb calorimeter (apparatus consisting of a strong container in which the sample is sealed with excess oxygen and ignited electrically. The heat of combustion at constant volume can be calculated from the resulting rise in temperature). utlisation du pouvoir calorifique - Brennwertnutzung - gebruik van het warmtegevend vermogen utilizzazione del potere calorifico + gebruik van het warmtegevend vermogen + Brennwertnutzung + local resource utilisation The use of a source of supply from a municipal or regional area, which can be readily drawn upon when needed. utilisation des ressources locales - Verwendung lokaler Ressourcen - gebruik vanplaatselijke grondstoffen utilizzazione di risorse locali + gebruik vanplaatselijke grondstoffen + Verwendung lokaler Ressourcen + utilisation of pesticides Use of chemical or biological substances to deliberately kill unwanted plants or animals. utilisation des pesticides - Pestizideinsatz - gebruik van insektenbestrijdingsmiddelen utilizzazione dei pesticidi + gebruik van insektenbestrijdingsmiddelen + Pestizideinsatz + + + + + + resource utilisation utilisation des ressources - Ressourcennutzung - gebruik van (natuurlijke) hulpbronnen utilizzazione di risorse + gebruik van (natuurlijke) hulpbronnen + Ressourcennutzung + + + @@ -54017,27 +75488,33 @@ Implies that residues from degradation are nontoxic. One of the most misleading biophysics The hybrid science involving the application of physical principles and methods to study and explain the structures of living organisms and the mechanics of life processes. biophysique - Biophysik - biofysica biofisica + biofysica + Biophysik + + + indefinite legal concept A condition or extent of time in a government enforced contract, instrument or agreement that lacks precision, distinguishing characteristics or fixed boundaries. notion juridique indéfinie - Unbestimmter Rechtsbegriff - onbepaald rechtsbegrip concetto legale indefinito + onbepaald rechtsbegrip + Unbestimmter Rechtsbegriff + valley Any low-lying land bordered by higher ground; especially an elongate, relatively large, gently sloping depression of the Earth's surface, commonly situated between two mountains or between ranges of hills or mountains, and often containing a stream with an outlet. It is usually developed by stream erosion, but may be formed by faulting. vallée - Tal - dal valle + dal + Tal + + @@ -54046,9 +75523,13 @@ Implies that residues from degradation are nontoxic. One of the most misleading bioreactor A container, such as a large fermentation chamber, for growing living organisms that are used in the industrial production of substances such as pharmaceuticals, antibodies, or vaccines. bioréacteur - Bioreaktor - bioreactor bioreattore + bioreactor + Bioreaktor + + + + @@ -54056,9 +75537,11 @@ Implies that residues from degradation are nontoxic. One of the most misleading valued ecosystem component An appraised, evaluated or estimated element or ingredient of a biological community and its non-living environmental surroundings. composante valorisée d'un écosystème - Geschätzte Ökosystemkomponente - belangrijk bestanddeel van het ecosysteem valutazione delle componenti dell'ecosistema + belangrijk bestanddeel van het ecosysteem + Geschätzte Ökosystemkomponente + + @@ -54066,18 +75549,20 @@ Implies that residues from degradation are nontoxic. One of the most misleading vanadium A silvery-white, ductile metal resistant to corrosion; used in alloy steels and as an x-ray target. vanadium - Vanadium - vanadium vanadio + vanadium + Vanadium + vandalism The deliberate or wanton destruction of personal or public property caused by a vandal. vandalisme - Vandalismus - vandalisme vandalismo + vandalisme + Vandalismus + @@ -54085,36 +75570,43 @@ Implies that residues from degradation are nontoxic. One of the most misleading vanished species Species which have disappeared from an area because of adverse environmental conditions. espèce disparue - Ausgelöschte Arten - verdwenen soort specie localmente estinta + verdwenen soort + Ausgelöschte Arten + + vapour pressure The partial pressure of water vapour in the atmosphere. For a liquid or solid, the pressure of the vapour in equilibrium with the liquid or solid. tension de vapeur - Dampfdruck - dampspanning tensione di vapore + dampspanning + Dampfdruck + + + varnish A transparent surface coating which is applied as a liquid and then changes to a hard solid; all varnishes are solutions of resinous materials in a solvent. vernis - Firnis - lak vernice trasparente + lak + Firnis + biorhythm A cyclically recurring pattern of physiological states in an organism or organ, such as alpha rhythm or circadian rhythm; believed by some to affect physical and mental states and behaviour. biorythme - Biorhythmus - bioritme bioritmo + bioritme + Biorhythmus + @@ -54122,18 +75614,22 @@ Implies that residues from degradation are nontoxic. One of the most misleading vector of human diseases An agent or organism that acts as a carrier or transmitter of a human illness. vecteurs de maladies humaines - Vektoren von Krankheiten des Menschen - (mensen)ziekteoverbrengers vettore di malattie umane + (mensen)ziekteoverbrengers + Vektoren von Krankheiten des Menschen + + vegetation cover Number of plants growing on a certain area of land. couverture végétale - Vegetationsdecke - plantendek manto vegetale + plantendek + Vegetationsdecke + + @@ -54141,9 +75637,10 @@ Implies that residues from degradation are nontoxic. One of the most misleading vegetable cultivation Cultivation of herbaceous plants that are used as food. culture maraîchère - Gemüsebau - groenteteelt coltivazione di verdure + groenteteelt + Gemüsebau + @@ -54151,9 +75648,11 @@ Implies that residues from degradation are nontoxic. One of the most misleading biosafety The combination of knowledge, techniques and equipment used to manage or contain potentially infectious materials or biohazards in the laboratory environment, to reduce or prevent harm to laboratory workers, other persons and the environment. biosécurité - Biosicherheit - bioveiligheid biosicurezza + bioveiligheid + Biosicherheit + + @@ -54161,44 +75660,54 @@ Implies that residues from degradation are nontoxic. One of the most misleading plant ecology Study of the relationships between plants and their environment. écologie végétale - Pflanzenökologie - plantenecologie ecologia vegetale + plantenecologie + Pflanzenökologie + + plant selection The selection by man of particular genotypes in a plant population because they exhibit desired phenotypic characters. amélioration des plantes - Pflanzenauswahl - plantenselectie miglioramento delle piante + plantenselectie + Pflanzenauswahl + vegetable oil An edible, mixed glyceride oil derived from plants (fruit, leaves, and seeds), including cottonseed, linseed, tung, and peanut; used in food oils, shortenings, soaps, and medicine, and as a paint drying oil. huile végétale - Pflanzenöl - plantaardige olie olio vegetale + plantaardige olie + Pflanzenöl + + + plant reproduction Any of various processes, either sexual or asexual, by which a plant produces one or more individuals similar to itself. reproduction végétale - Pflanzenvermehrung - voortplanting van planten riproduzione vegetale + voortplanting van planten + Pflanzenvermehrung + + plant resource ressource végétale - Pflanzliche Ressourcen - plantaardige hulpbronnen risorse vegetali + plantaardige hulpbronnen + Pflanzliche Ressourcen + + @@ -54206,9 +75715,10 @@ Implies that residues from degradation are nontoxic. One of the most misleading biosphere That part of the Earth and atmosphere capable of supporting living organisms. biosphère - Biosphäre - biosfeer biosfera + biosfeer + Biosphäre + @@ -54220,9 +75730,11 @@ Implies that residues from degradation are nontoxic. One of the most misleading vegetable Any of various herbaceous plants having parts that are used as food. légume - Gemüse - groente verdura + groente + Gemüse + + @@ -54231,9 +75743,11 @@ Implies that residues from degradation are nontoxic. One of the most misleading vegetable waste Waste, comprised mainly of vegetable matter, which is capable of being decomposed by microorganisms. déchet végétal - Pflanzlicher Abfall - plantaardig afval rifiuto vegetale + plantaardig afval + Pflanzlicher Abfall + + @@ -54243,9 +75757,10 @@ Implies that residues from degradation are nontoxic. One of the most misleading vegetation 1) The plants of an area considered in general or as communities, but not taxonomically; the total plant cover in a particular area or on the Earth as a whole. 2) The total mass of plant life that occupies a given area. végétation - Vegetation - plantegroei vegetazione + plantegroei + Vegetation + @@ -54256,9 +75771,10 @@ Implies that residues from degradation are nontoxic. One of the most misleading vegetation type A community of plants or plant life that share distinguishable characteristics. type de végétation - Vegetationstyp - soort plantegroei tipo di vegetazione + soort plantegroei + Vegetationstyp + @@ -54266,9 +75782,10 @@ Implies that residues from degradation are nontoxic. One of the most misleading vehicle Any conveyance in or by which people or objects are transported. véhicule - Fahrzeug - voertuig veicolo + voertuig + Fahrzeug + @@ -54286,9 +75803,12 @@ Implies that residues from degradation are nontoxic. One of the most misleading vehicle exhaust gas An aeriform fluid of fine particles suspended in air, produced and vented as a byproduct of the operation of wheeled machines or conveyances self-propelled by internal combustion engines. gaz d'échappement - Auspuffgase (KFZ) - uitlaatgas voertuig gas di scarico dei veicoli + uitlaatgas voertuig + Auspuffgase (KFZ) + + + @@ -54296,18 +75816,23 @@ Implies that residues from degradation are nontoxic. One of the most misleading vehicle inspection An official periodical examination of an automobile, truck, boat, airplane or other means of conveyance to determine compliance in design or operation with legal standards for safety or pollution emissions. inspection des véhicules - Fahzeuginspektion - voertuiginspectie revisione dei veicoli + voertuiginspectie + Fahzeuginspektion + + vehicle manufacturing industry A sector of the economy in which an aggregate of commercial enterprises is engaged in the manufacture and sale of equipment that conveys people, goods or materials by land, air or water. industrie de véhicules - Fahrzeugindustrie - autoindustrie industria dei mezzi di trasporto + autoindustrie + Fahrzeugindustrie + + + @@ -54316,9 +75841,12 @@ Implies that residues from degradation are nontoxic. One of the most misleading biosphere reserve Protected land and coastal areas that are approved under the Man and Biosphere programme (MAB) in conjunction with the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species (CITES). Each reserve has to have an ecosystem that is recognized for its diversity and usefulness as a conservation unit. The reserves have at least one core area where there can be no interference with the natural ecosystem. A transition zone surrounds this and within it scientific research is allowed. Beyond this is a buffer zone which protects the whole reserve from agricultural, industrial and urban development. Biosphere reserves and buffer zones were regarded as examples of a new generation of conservation techniques. réserve de biosphère - Biosphärenreservat - reserve van de biosfeer riserva della biosfera + reserve van de biosfeer + Biosphärenreservat + + + @@ -54326,9 +75854,11 @@ Implies that residues from degradation are nontoxic. One of the most misleading ventilation The process of supplying or removing air, by natural or mechanical means, to or from any space; such air may or may not have been conditioned. ventilation - Lüftung - luchtverversing ventilazione + luchtverversing + Lüftung + + @@ -54336,9 +75866,10 @@ Implies that residues from degradation are nontoxic. One of the most misleading vermin Small animals and insects that can be harmful and which are difficult to control when they appear in large numbers. vermine - Ungeziefer - ongedierte animali molesti + ongedierte + Ungeziefer + @@ -54346,9 +75877,10 @@ Implies that residues from degradation are nontoxic. One of the most misleading vertebrate Any chordate animal of the subphylum Vertebrata, characterized by a bony or cartilaginous skeleton and a well-developed brain: the group contains fishes, amphibians, reptiles, birds, and mammals. vertébré - Vertebraten - gewervelde dieren vertebrati + gewervelde dieren + Vertebraten + @@ -54362,9 +75894,11 @@ Implies that residues from degradation are nontoxic. One of the most misleading biosynthesis Production, by synthesis or degradation, of a chemical compound by a living organism. biosynthèse - Biosynthese - biosynthese biosintesi + biosynthese + Biosynthese + + @@ -54374,9 +75908,11 @@ Implies that residues from degradation are nontoxic. One of the most misleading veterinary medicine The branch of medical practice which treats of the diseases and injuries of animals. médecine vétérinaire - Tiermedizin - diergeneeskunde medicina veterinaria + diergeneeskunde + Tiermedizin + + @@ -54384,36 +75920,43 @@ Implies that residues from degradation are nontoxic. One of the most misleading viaduct A long high bridge, usually held up by many arches, which carries a railway or a road over a valley or other similar area at a lower level. viaduc - Viadukt - viaduct viadotto + viaduct + Viadukt + + vibration A periodic motion of small amplitude and high frequency, characteristic of elastic bodies. vibration - Erschütterung - trillingen vibrazioni + trillingen + Erschütterung + video A format or system used to record and transmit visual or audiovisual information by translating moving or still images into electrical signals. vidéo - video - video video + video + video + village A group of houses and other buildings, such as a church, a school and some shops, which is smaller than a town, usually in the countryside. village - Dorf - dorp villaggio + dorp + Dorf + + + @@ -54421,27 +75964,35 @@ Implies that residues from degradation are nontoxic. One of the most misleading vinasse The residual liquid from the distillation of alcoholic liquors, specifically, that remaining from the fermentation and distillation of beet-sugar molasses, valuable as yielding potassium salts, ammonia, etc. vinasse - Schlempe - vinasse vinaccia + vinasse + Schlempe + + + virology The study of submicroscopic organisms known as viruses. virologie - Virologie - virologie virologia + virologie + Virologie + + + virus Submicroscopic agents that infect plants, animals and bacteria, and are unable to reproduce outside the tissues of the host. A fully formed virus consists of nucleic acid (DNA or RNA) surrounded by a protein and lipid (fat) coat. The nucleic acid of the virus interferes with nucleic acid-synthesizing mechanism of the host cell, organizing it to produce more viral nucleic acid. Viruses cause many diseases (e.g., mosaic diseases of many cultivated plants, myxomatosis, foot and mouth disease, the common cold, influenza, measles, poliomyelitis). Many plant viruses are transmitted by insects, some by eelworms. Animal viruses are spread by contact, droplet infection or by insect vectors and some are spread by the exchange of body fluids. virus - Virus - virussen virus + virussen + Virus + + @@ -54449,18 +76000,22 @@ Implies that residues from degradation are nontoxic. One of the most misleading viscosity Energy dissipation and generation of stresses in a fluid by the distortion of fluid elements; quantitatively, when otherwise qualified, the absolute viscosity. Also known as flow resistance. viscosité - Viskosität - viscositeit viscosità + viscositeit + Viskosität + + biotechnology A combination of biology and technology. It is used to describe developments in the application of biological organisms for commercial and scientific purposes. So "bio" stands for biology and the science of life, and "tech" stands for technology, or the tools and techniques that the biotechnologists have in their workbox. Those tools and techniques include microorganisms and a range of methods for manipulating them, such as genetic engineering. biotechnologie - Biotechnologie - biotechnologie biotecnologia + biotechnologie + Biotechnologie + + @@ -54474,9 +76029,11 @@ Implies that residues from degradation are nontoxic. One of the most misleading vitamin An organic compound present in variable, minute quantities in natural foodstuffs and essential for the normal processes of growth and maintenance of the body. vitamine - Vitamin - vitaminen vitamine + vitaminen + Vitamin + + @@ -54485,18 +76042,20 @@ Implies that residues from degradation are nontoxic. One of the most misleading viticulture That division of horticulture concerned with grape growing, studies of grape varieties, methods of culture, and insect and disease control. viticulture - Weinbau - wijnbouw viticoltura + wijnbouw + Weinbau + biotic factor The influence upon the environment of organisms owing to the presence and activities of other organisms, as distinct from a physical, abiotic, environmental factor. facteur biotique - Biotischer Faktor - biotische factor fattore biotico + biotische factor + Biotischer Faktor + @@ -54504,36 +76063,43 @@ Implies that residues from degradation are nontoxic. One of the most misleading vocabulary A list of words or phrases of a language, technical field or some specialized area, usually arranged in alphabetical order and often provided with brief definitions and with foreign translations. vocabulaire - Vokabular - woordenlijst vocabolario + woordenlijst + Vokabular + vocational training A special training for a regular occupation or profession, especially, one for which one is specially suited or qualified. formation professionnelle - Berufsausbildung - beroepsopleiding formazione professionale + beroepsopleiding + Berufsausbildung + volatile organic compound Organic compound readily passing off by evaporation. composé organique volatil - Flüchtige organische Verbindung - vluchtige organische verbinding composto organico volatile + vluchtige organische verbinding + Flüchtige organische Verbindung + + volatility The property of a substance or substances to convert into vapor or gas without chemical change. volatilité - Flüchtigkeit - vluchtigheid volatilità + vluchtigheid + Flüchtigkeit + + + @@ -54541,18 +76107,24 @@ Implies that residues from degradation are nontoxic. One of the most misleading volcanic area région volcanique - Vulkangebiet - vulkanisch gebied area vulcanica + vulkanisch gebied + Vulkangebiet + + + + volcanic eruption The ejection of solid, liquid, or gaseous material from a volcano. éruption volcanique - Vulkanausbruch - vulkaanuitbarsting eruzione vulcanica + vulkaanuitbarsting + Vulkanausbruch + + @@ -54560,9 +76132,11 @@ Implies that residues from degradation are nontoxic. One of the most misleading adhesive Substance used for sticking objects together, such as glue, cement, or paste. adhésif - Klebstoff - kleefstof adesivo + kleefstof + Klebstoff + + @@ -54570,9 +76144,10 @@ Implies that residues from degradation are nontoxic. One of the most misleading volcanism The processes by which magma and its associated gases rise into the crust and are extruded onto the Earth's surface and into the atmosphere. volcanisme - Vulkanismus - vulkanisme vulcanismo + vulkanisme + Vulkanismus + @@ -54581,9 +76156,12 @@ Implies that residues from degradation are nontoxic. One of the most misleading volcano A vent in the surface of the Earth through which magma and associated gases and ash erupt; also, the form or structure, usually conical, that is produced by the ejected material. volcan - Vulkan - vulkaan vulcano + vulkaan + Vulkan + + + @@ -54591,9 +76169,11 @@ Implies that residues from degradation are nontoxic. One of the most misleading waste income The total amount of refuse or unusable material that enters a process or system. revenu issu des déchets - Abfallaufkommen - inkomsten uit afval(herwerking) quantità totale dei rifiuti + inkomsten uit afval(herwerking) + Abfallaufkommen + + @@ -54604,9 +76184,11 @@ Implies that residues from degradation are nontoxic. One of the most misleading biotope A region of relatively uniform environmental conditions, occupied by a given plant community and its associated animal community. biotope - Biotop - biotoop biotopo + biotoop + Biotop + + @@ -54617,18 +76199,20 @@ Implies that residues from degradation are nontoxic. One of the most misleading voluntary work Unpaid activities done by citizens often organized in associations, to provide services to others, particularly to elderly and poor people, handicapped, etc. bénévolat - Freiwillige Dienste - vrijwilligerswerk volontariato + vrijwilligerswerk + Freiwillige Dienste + vulcanisation A chemical reaction of sulfur (or other vulcanizing agent) with rubber or plastic to cause cross-linking of the polymer chains; it increases strength and resiliency of the polymer. vulcanisation - Vulkanisation - vulcaniseren vulcanizzazione + vulcaniseren + Vulkanisation + @@ -54637,54 +76221,67 @@ Implies that residues from degradation are nontoxic. One of the most misleading vulnerable species (IUCN) Species which is likely to become endangered unless protective measures are taken. espèce vulnérable - Bedrohte Arten - kwetsbare soort specie vulnerabile (IUCN) + kwetsbare soort + Bedrohte Arten + + Wadden Sea The Wadden sea is a shallow sea extending along the North Sea coasts of The Netherlands, Germany and Denmark. It is a highly dynamic ecosystem with tidal channels, sands, mud flats, salt marshes, beaches, dunes, river mouths and a transition zone to the North Sea, the offshore zone. Most parts of the Wadden Sea, in particular in The Netherlands and Lower Saxony, are sheltered by barrier islands and contain smaller or wider areas of intertidal flats. The present form of the Wadden Sea is the result of both natural forces and action by man. Twice a day, on average, 15 km3 of sea water enter the Wadden sea. With the water from the North Sea, large amount of sand and silt are imported which settle in places with little water movement. During low tides large parts of the Wadden Sea emerge. These so-called tidal flats cover about 2/3 of the tidal area and are one of its most characteristic features. Nowhere in the world can such a large unbroken stretch of tidal flats be found. They account for 60% of all tidal areas in Europe and North Africa. mer des Wadden - Wattenmeer - Waddenzee mare di Wadden + Waddenzee + Wattenmeer + + + biotope network Intersection of corridors connecting patchy ecological communities. Species survival tends to be higher in patches that have higher connectivity. réseau de biotope - Biotopvernetzung - biotoopnetwerk rete di biotopi + biotoopnetwerk + Biotopvernetzung + + + wage system System which compensates the employees with a fixed sum per piece, hour, day or another period of time, covering all compensations including salary. système de salaires - Lohnform - loonstelsel sistema salariale + loonstelsel + Lohnform + + wall A vertical construction made of stone, brick, wood, etc., with a length and height much greater than its thickness, used to enclose, divide or support. mur - Wand - muur muro + muur + Wand + war A conflict or a state of hostility between two or more parties, nations or states, in which armed forces or military operations are used. guerre - Krieg - oorlog guerra + oorlog + Krieg + + @@ -54693,9 +76290,12 @@ Implies that residues from degradation are nontoxic. One of the most misleading biotope protection Measures taken to ensure that the biological and physical components of a biotope are in equilibrium by maintaining constant their relative numbers and features. protection de biotope - Biotopschutz - biotoopbescherming protezione dei biotopi + biotoopbescherming + Biotopschutz + + + @@ -54703,27 +76303,30 @@ Implies that residues from degradation are nontoxic. One of the most misleading warm-blooded animal Animal which has a body temperature that stays the same and does not change with the temperature of its surroundings. animal à sang chaud - Warmblüter - warmbloedig dier animale a sangue caldo + warmbloedig dier + Warmblüter + warning plan A scheme or method of acting developed in advance to notify as quickly as possible the affected population of any sudden, urgent and usually unexpected occurrence requiring immediate action. plan d'alerte - Alarmplan - waarschuwingsplan piano di allarme + waarschuwingsplan + Alarmplan + warning system Any series of procedures and devices designed to detect sudden or potential threats to persons, property or the environment, often utilizing radar technology. système d'alerte - Warnsystem - alarmsysteem sistema di allarme + alarmsysteem + Warnsystem + @@ -54733,38 +76336,46 @@ Implies that residues from degradation are nontoxic. One of the most misleading wastage Extravagant or useless consumption or expenditures. gaspillage - Überreste - verspilling sperpero + verspilling + Überreste + + waste Material, often unusable, left over from any manufacturing, industrial, agricultural or other human process; Material damaged or altered during a manufacturing process and subsequently left useless. déchets - Abfall - soorten afval rifiuti + soorten afval + Abfall + + waste air Exhaust or gaseous air given off by any industrial, manufacturing or chemical process. effluent gazeux - Abluft - afvoerlucht aria di scarico + afvoerlucht + Abluft + + waste air purification (gas) traitement des effluents gazeux - Abluftreinigung - zuivering van rookgassen depurazione dell'aria di scarico + zuivering van rookgassen + Abluftreinigung + + @@ -54774,9 +76385,11 @@ Implies that residues from degradation are nontoxic. One of the most misleading waste analysis An investigation carried out to decide what arrangements are appropriate for dealing with different kinds of wastes. analyse des déchets - Abfalluntersuchung - afvalanalyse analisi dei rifiuti + afvalanalyse + Abfalluntersuchung + + @@ -54784,27 +76397,34 @@ Implies that residues from degradation are nontoxic. One of the most misleading waste assimilation capacity capacité d'assimilation des déchets - Abfallassimilationsfähigkeit - vermogen om afval te op te nemen capacità di assimilazione di rifiuti + vermogen om afval te op te nemen + Abfallassimilationsfähigkeit + + + waste balance The inventory of all waste produced or recovered during a certain time period, classified by type and quantity. bilan des déchets - Abfallbilanz - afvalbalans bilancio dei rifiuti + afvalbalans + Abfallbilanz + + + waste bin A container for litter, rubbish, etc. poubelle - Abfallbehälter - afvalbak contenitore per rifiuti + afvalbak + Abfallbehälter + @@ -54813,9 +76433,10 @@ Implies that residues from degradation are nontoxic. One of the most misleading type of waste A grouping by type of unusable material left over from any process. catégorie de déchets - Abfallart - afvalcategorie tipologia dei rifiuti + afvalcategorie + Abfallart + @@ -54881,23 +76502,28 @@ Implies that residues from degradation are nontoxic. One of the most misleading + waste charge Imposed fee, expense, or cost for the management of refuse or unwanted materials left over from a manufacturing process. redevance sur les déchêts - Abfallabgabe - afvalheffing tassa sui rifiuti + afvalheffing + Abfallabgabe + + waste classification The arrangement of unwanted materials left over from manufacturing processes or refuse from places of human or animal habitation into a variety of categories based on chemical and microbiological constituents or other common characteristics. classification des déchets - Abfallklassifizierung - afvalclassificatie classificazione dei rifiuti + afvalclassificatie + Abfallklassifizierung + + @@ -54905,9 +76531,11 @@ Implies that residues from degradation are nontoxic. One of the most misleading waste collection The periodic or on-demand removal of solid waste from primary source locations using a collection vehicle and followed by the depositing of this waste at some central facility or disposal site. collecte des déchets - Abfallsammlung - afvalinzameling raccolta di rifiuti + afvalinzameling + Abfallsammlung + + @@ -54917,18 +76545,21 @@ Implies that residues from degradation are nontoxic. One of the most misleading waste collection at source The gathering and transporting of refuse from its place of origin. collecte des déchets à la source - Holsystem - afvalinzameling bij de bron raccolta di rifiuti alla fonte + afvalinzameling bij de bron + Holsystem + + waste composition The component material types, by percentage or weight, emanating from any source. composition des déchets - Abfallzusammensetzung - samenstelling van afval composizione dei rifiuti + samenstelling van afval + Abfallzusammensetzung + @@ -54936,18 +76567,22 @@ Implies that residues from degradation are nontoxic. One of the most misleading waste conversion technique Any specialized procedure or method used to transform refuse from one state, form or chemical composition into another. technique de conversion des déchets - Abfallumwandlungsmethode - afvalomzettingstechniek tecniche di conversione dei rifiuti + afvalomzettingstechniek + Abfallumwandlungsmethode + + waste degasification The removal of gaseous components form waste. dégazage des déchets - Abfallentgasung - afvalontgassing degassificazione dei rifiuti + afvalontgassing + Abfallentgasung + + @@ -54955,9 +76590,12 @@ Implies that residues from degradation are nontoxic. One of the most misleading waste disposal The orderly process of discarding unwanted or useless material. élimination des déchets - Abfallbeseitigung - afvalverwerking smaltimento dei rifiuti + afvalverwerking + Abfallbeseitigung + + + @@ -54977,54 +76615,68 @@ Implies that residues from degradation are nontoxic. One of the most misleading waste disposal act Law that settles the rules concerning the disposal, recycling and treatment of wastes. loi relative à l'élimination des déchets - Abfallbeseitigungsgesetz - afvalverwerkingswet legge sullo smaltimento dei rifiuti + afvalverwerkingswet + Abfallbeseitigungsgesetz + + + waste disposal cost The amount of money incurred for the action of removing or getting rid of refuse or unwanted materials left over from a manufacturing process. coût de l'élimination des déchets - Entsorgungskosten - afvalverwerkingkost costi dello smaltimento dei rifiuti + afvalverwerkingkost + Entsorgungskosten + + waste disposal in the ground The planned discharge, deposit or burial of refuse or other unserviceable material into the surface of the earth, as in a landfill. enfouissement des déchets - Abfallbeseitigung in den Boden - storten van afval in de bodem eliminazione dei rifiuti nel terreno + storten van afval in de bodem + Abfallbeseitigung in den Boden + waste disposal charge Imposed fee, expense, or cost for the action of removing or getting rid of refuse or unwanted materials left over from a manufacturing process. frais d'élimination des déchets - Abfallgebühr - afvalverwerkingsheffing tassa sullo smaltimento dei rifiuti + afvalverwerkingsheffing + Abfallgebühr + + waste dump Area where wastes are deposited and burned. décharge - Abfallablagerung - afvalstortplaats discarica pubblica + afvalstortplaats + Abfallablagerung + + + waste dumping The disposal of solid wastes without environmental controls. mise en décharge des déchets - Lagerung von Abfall - storten van afval scarico dei rifiuti + storten van afval + Lagerung von Abfall + + + @@ -55032,18 +76684,25 @@ Implies that residues from degradation are nontoxic. One of the most misleading waste exchange Exchange of the recyclable part of wastes. This procedure allows to minimize waste volume and the cost relating to waste disposal. The basis of waste exchange is the concept that "one company's waste is another company's raw material". bourse de déchets - Abfallbörse - uitwisseling van afval borsa di scambio dei rifiuti + uitwisseling van afval + Abfallbörse + + + waste export Transporting unwanted materials, including those leftover from a manufacturing processes, refuse, or trash to other countries or areas for the conduct of foreign trade. exportation de déchets - Abfallexport - uitvoer van afval esportazione di rifiuti + uitvoer van afval + Abfallexport + + + + @@ -55054,9 +76713,13 @@ Implies that residues from degradation are nontoxic. One of the most misleading waste-fed heating and power plant Heating and power production plant where fuel is provided from refuse. centrale fonctionnant en cogénération - Müllheizkraftwerk - warmte- en krachtcentrale op basis van afval impianto di riscaldamento e di produzione di energia alimentato dai rifiuti + warmte- en krachtcentrale op basis van afval + Müllheizkraftwerk + + + + @@ -55066,27 +76729,37 @@ Implies that residues from degradation are nontoxic. One of the most misleading waste-fed heating plant Heating plant where fuel is provided from refuse. centrale de chauffage alimentée par des déchets - Müllheizwerk - warmtecentrale op basis van afval impianto di riscaldamento da rifiuti + warmtecentrale op basis van afval + Müllheizwerk + + + + waste-fed power station Power station that functions with refuse-derived fuel. centrale électrique alimentée par des déchets - Müllkraftwerk - krachtcentrale op basis van afval centrale elettrica alimentata da rifiuti + krachtcentrale op basis van afval + Müllkraftwerk + + + + waste gas Any unusable aeriform fluid, or suspension of fine particles in air, given off by a manufacturing process or the burning of a substance in a enclosed area. effluent gazeux - Abgas - uitlaatgas rifiuto gassoso + uitlaatgas + Abgas + + @@ -55100,9 +76773,11 @@ Implies that residues from degradation are nontoxic. One of the most misleading waste gas emission The direct or indirect discharge of exhaust gas into the atmosphere. émission d'effluents gazeux - Abgasemission - uitstoot van (uitlaat)gassen emissioni di inquinanti gassosi + uitstoot van (uitlaat)gassen + Abgasemission + + @@ -55122,18 +76797,24 @@ Implies that residues from degradation are nontoxic. One of the most misleading waste gas examination Qualitative and quantitative analysis of exhaust gases emitted from vehicles, industrial plants, etc. in order to asses their composition. analyse des effluents gazeux - Abgasuntersuchung - onderzoek aan uitgestoten gassen esame dei gas di scarico + onderzoek aan uitgestoten gassen + Abgasuntersuchung + + + waste gas reduction Reduction of the quantity of gaseous emissions in the atmosphere, from motorvehicles, industrial and heating plants, etc. by the adoption of clean technologies, the effectiveness of process operations, the improvement of fuel quality and the installment of chimney stacks high enough to ensure the dispersion of gases. réduction des émissions d'effluents gazeux - Abgasminderung - vermindering van de gasuitstoot riduzione dei gas di scarico + vermindering van de gasuitstoot + Abgasminderung + + + @@ -55142,9 +76823,11 @@ Implies that residues from degradation are nontoxic. One of the most misleading waste glass Discarded material from the glass manufacturing process or from used consumer products made of glass. verre usagé - Altglas - glasafval rifiuto di vetro + glasafval + Altglas + + @@ -55152,18 +76835,24 @@ Implies that residues from degradation are nontoxic. One of the most misleading waste gypsum By-product of the wet limestone flue gas desulphurisation process. déchets de gypse - Abfallgips - gipsafval gesso di rifiuto + gipsafval + Abfallgips + + waste heat Heat derived from the cooling process of electric power generating plants and which can cause thermal pollution of water courses, promoting algal bloom. chaleur résiduelle - Abwärme - afvalwarmte calore di rifiuto + afvalwarmte + Abwärme + + + + @@ -55173,9 +76862,14 @@ Implies that residues from degradation are nontoxic. One of the most misleading waste heat charge The release of heat generated as a byproduct from industrial or power generation processes. charge en chaleur résiduelle (qui pèse sur l'environnement) - Abwärmeabgabe - afvalwarmteheffing rilascio di calore residuo + afvalwarmteheffing + Abwärmeabgabe + + + + + @@ -55183,9 +76877,12 @@ Implies that residues from degradation are nontoxic. One of the most misleading waste heat utilisation Waste heat applications include space heating and refrigeration in urban areas, thawing of ice-bound seaways, agricultural use to stimulate growth and to extend the growing season and in aquaculture to stimulate the growth of algae, shellfish, and other potential marine food sources. utilisation de la chaleur résiduelle - Abwärmenutzung - gebruik van afvalwarmte utilizzazione del calore residuo + gebruik van afvalwarmte + Abwärmenutzung + + + @@ -55193,9 +76890,12 @@ Implies that residues from degradation are nontoxic. One of the most misleading waste importation permit An authorization, license or equivalent control document issued by a government agency that approves bringing in refuse or unwanted materials left over from a manufacturing process from foreign countries. permis d'importation des déchets - Abfalleinfuhrgenehmigung - afvalinvoervergunning permesso di importazione dei rifiuti + afvalinvoervergunning + Abfalleinfuhrgenehmigung + + + @@ -55203,9 +76903,14 @@ Implies that residues from degradation are nontoxic. One of the most misleading waste incinerator Establishment where waste is burnt. incinérateur de déchets - Abfallverbrennungsofen - afvalverbrandingsinstallatie impianto per incenerimento di rifiuti + afvalverbrandingsinstallatie + Abfallverbrennungsofen + + + + + @@ -55213,9 +76918,11 @@ Implies that residues from degradation are nontoxic. One of the most misleading waste legislation A binding rule or body of rules prescribed by a government to regulate the disposal of unwanted materials left over from a manufacturing process or the refuse from places of human or animal habitation. législation en matière de déchets - Abfallrecht - afvalwetgeving legislazione sui rifiuti + afvalwetgeving + Abfallrecht + + @@ -55226,9 +76933,12 @@ Implies that residues from degradation are nontoxic. One of the most misleading waste management The total supervision of waste production, handling, processing, storage, and transport from its point of generation to its final acceptable disposal. gestion des déchets - Abfallwirtschaft - afvalbeheer gestione dei rifiuti + afvalbeheer + Abfallwirtschaft + + + @@ -55249,9 +76959,11 @@ Implies that residues from degradation are nontoxic. One of the most misleading waste minimisation Measures or techniques, including plans and directives, that reduce the amount of wastes generated. Examples of waste minimisation are environmentally-sound recycling and source reduction practices. minimisation des déchets - Abfallminimierung - afvalbeperking minimizzazione dei rifiuti + afvalbeperking + Abfallminimierung + + @@ -55259,9 +76971,11 @@ Implies that residues from degradation are nontoxic. One of the most misleading waste minimisation potential The capability of measures or techniques that reduce the amount of refuse or unwanted materials that is generated, particularly during industrial production processes. potentiel de minimisation des déchets - Minderungspotential - mogelijkheid tot afvalvermindering potenziale di minimizzazione dei rifiuti + mogelijkheid tot afvalvermindering + Minderungspotential + + @@ -55269,9 +76983,10 @@ Implies that residues from degradation are nontoxic. One of the most misleading waste oil Oil arising as a waste product of the use of oils in a wide range of industrial and commercial activities, such as engineering, power generation and vehicle maintenance and should be properly disposed of, or treated in order to be reused. huile usagée - Altöl - afvalolie olio di rifiuto + afvalolie + Altöl + @@ -55280,9 +76995,10 @@ Implies that residues from degradation are nontoxic. One of the most misleading waste paper Newspapers, magazines, cartons and other paper separated from solid waste for the purpose of recycling. papier usagé - Altpapier - oud papier cartastraccia + oud papier + Altpapier + @@ -55291,9 +77007,12 @@ Implies that residues from degradation are nontoxic. One of the most misleading acceptable daily intake The measurement of the amount of any chemical substance that can be safely consumed by a human being in a day. Calculations are usually based on the maximum level of a substance that can be fed to animals without producing any harmful effects. This is divided by a "safety factor" to allow for the differences between animals and humans and to take account of the variation in human diets. dose journalière admissible - ADI-Wert - toelaatbare dagelijkse opname dose accettabile giornaliera + toelaatbare dagelijkse opname + ADI-Wert + + + @@ -55301,9 +77020,12 @@ Implies that residues from degradation are nontoxic. One of the most misleading waste processing industry industrie de traitement des déchets - Abfallbeseitigungsunternehmen - afvalverwerkingsindustrie industria per la lavorazione dei rifiuti + afvalverwerkingsindustrie + Abfallbeseitigungsunternehmen + + + @@ -55312,18 +77034,23 @@ Implies that residues from degradation are nontoxic. One of the most misleading waste reclamation The process of collecting and separating wastes in preparation for reuse. valorisation des déchets - Abfallverwertung - hergebruik van afval valorizzazione dei rifiuti + hergebruik van afval + Abfallverwertung + + waste recovery The process of obtaining materials or energy resources from waste. récupération des déchets - Abfallwiedergewinnung - hergebruik van afval ricupero di rifiuti + hergebruik van afval + Abfallwiedergewinnung + + + @@ -55336,9 +77063,11 @@ Implies that residues from degradation are nontoxic. One of the most misleading waste recycling A method of recovering wastes as resources which includes the collection, and often involving the treatment, of waste products for use as a replacement of all or part of the raw material in a manufacturing process. recyclage des déchets - Abfallrecycling - afvalrecycling riciclaggio di rifiuti + afvalrecycling + Abfallrecycling + + @@ -55346,9 +77075,11 @@ Implies that residues from degradation are nontoxic. One of the most misleading waste reduction Practices that reduce the amount of waste generated by a specific source through the redesigning of products or patterns of production or consumption. réduction des déchets - Abfallminderung - afvalbeperking riduzione dei rifiuti + afvalbeperking + Abfallminderung + + @@ -55356,9 +77087,13 @@ Implies that residues from degradation are nontoxic. One of the most misleading waste removal industry The aggregate of commercial enterprises primarily concerned with eliminating or getting rid of refuse from places of human or animal habitation or of unwanted materials left over from a manufacturing process. industrie d'enlèvement des déchets - Entsorgungswirtschaft - afvalverwijderingsindustrie industria per la rimozione dei rifiuti + afvalverwijderingsindustrie + Entsorgungswirtschaft + + + + @@ -55366,9 +77101,10 @@ Implies that residues from degradation are nontoxic. One of the most misleading waste sorting Separating waste into different materials, such as glass, metal, paper, plastic, etc. tri des déchets - Abfallsortierung - afvalsortering cernita dei rifiuti + afvalsortering + Abfallsortierung + @@ -55377,9 +77113,12 @@ Implies that residues from degradation are nontoxic. One of the most misleading waste storage Temporary holding of waste pending treatment or disposal. Storage methods include containers, tanks, waste piles, and surface impoundments. stockage des déchets - Abfallagerung - afvalopslag deposito di rifiuti + afvalopslag + Abfallagerung + + + @@ -55387,9 +77126,12 @@ Implies that residues from degradation are nontoxic. One of the most misleading waste transport Transportation of wastes by means of special vehicles. transport de déchets - Abfalltransport - afvaltranvervoer trasporto di rifiuti + afvaltranvervoer + Abfalltransport + + + @@ -55397,9 +77139,10 @@ Implies that residues from degradation are nontoxic. One of the most misleading bird Any of the warm-blooded vertebrates which make up the class Aves. oiseau - Vogel - vogels uccelli + vogels + Vogel + @@ -55413,9 +77156,11 @@ Implies that residues from degradation are nontoxic. One of the most misleading waste treatment Any process or combination of processes that changes the chemical, physical or biological composition or character of any waste or reduces or removes its harmful properties or characteristics for any purpose. traitement des déchets - Abfallbehandlung - afvalverwerking trattamento dei rifiuti + afvalverwerking + Abfallbehandlung + + @@ -55439,9 +77184,13 @@ Implies that residues from degradation are nontoxic. One of the most misleading waste treatment plant Place where waste material is treated to make it reusable or so it may be disposed of safely. usine de traitement des déchets - Abfallbehandlungsanlage - afvalverwerkingsfabriek impianto di trattamento dei rifiuti + afvalverwerkingsfabriek + Abfallbehandlungsanlage + + + + @@ -55449,9 +77198,11 @@ Implies that residues from degradation are nontoxic. One of the most misleading waste use The incorporation of wastes into natural or artificial cycles, mainly in order to recover secondary raw materials or energy. utilisation des déchets - Abfallverwertung - afvalgebruik uso dei rifiuti + afvalgebruik + Abfallverwertung + + @@ -55462,18 +77213,21 @@ Implies that residues from degradation are nontoxic. One of the most misleading waste volume The total amount of refuse or unusable material produced at any source. volume des déchets - Abfallvolumen - hoeveelheid afval volume dei rifiuti + hoeveelheid afval + Abfallvolumen + waste water Used water, or water that is not needed, which is permitted to escape, or unavoidably escapes from canals, ditches, reservoirs or other bodies of water, for which the owners of these structures are legally responsible. eau usée - Abwasser - afvalwater acqua di rifiuto + afvalwater + Abwasser + + @@ -55489,23 +77243,29 @@ Implies that residues from degradation are nontoxic. One of the most misleading + waste water charge Imposed fee, expense, or cost for the management of spent or used water that contains dissolved or suspended matter from a home, community farm, or industry. redevance sur les eaux usées - Abwasserabgabe - afvalwaterheffing tassa sulle acque di rifiuto + afvalwaterheffing + Abwasserabgabe + + + waste water discharge The flow of treated effluent from any wastewater treatment process. rejet d'eaux usées - Abwassereinleitung - uitstoot van afvalwater scarico delle acque di rifiuto + uitstoot van afvalwater + Abwassereinleitung + + @@ -55513,18 +77273,23 @@ Implies that residues from degradation are nontoxic. One of the most misleading bird sanctuary Special area where birds are protected. refuge des oiseaux - Vogelschutzgebiet - vogelreservaat santuario per uccelli + vogelreservaat + Vogelschutzgebiet + + + waste water disposal Collection and removal of wastewater deriving from industrial and urban settlements by means of a system of pipes and treatment plants. évacuation des eaux usées - Abwasserentsorgung - afvalwaterverwerking smaltimento delle acque di rifiuto + afvalwaterverwerking + Abwasserentsorgung + + @@ -55533,21 +77298,24 @@ Implies that residues from degradation are nontoxic. One of the most misleading - wastewater from trade + waste water from trade Liquid or waterborne wastes polluted or fouled by commercial operations. eaux usées résiduaires industrielles - Gewerbliches Abwasser - industrieel afvalwater acqua di rifiuto da attività commerciali + industrieel afvalwater + Gewerbliches Abwasser + waste water legislation A binding rule or body of rules prescribed by a government to regulate the outflow and disposal of spent or used water from a home, community, farm or industry that contains dissolved or suspended matter. législation en matière d'eaux usées - Abwasserrecht - afvalwaterwetgeving legislazione sull'acqua di rifiuto + afvalwaterwetgeving + Abwasserrecht + + @@ -55555,9 +77323,11 @@ Implies that residues from degradation are nontoxic. One of the most misleading waste water load The amount of spent or used water, often containing dissolved and suspended matter, that is found in a stream or some other body of water. charge en eaux usées - Abwasserlast - afvalwaterbelasting carico dell'acqua di rifiuto + afvalwaterbelasting + Abwasserlast + + @@ -55565,9 +77335,11 @@ Implies that residues from degradation are nontoxic. One of the most misleading waste water purification Processing of waste water for reuse. épuration des eaux usées - Abwasserreinigung - afvalwaterzuivering purificazione delle acque di rifiuto + afvalwaterzuivering + Abwasserreinigung + + @@ -55576,9 +77348,12 @@ Implies that residues from degradation are nontoxic. One of the most misleading waste water quality The state or condition of spent or used water that contains dissolved or suspended matter from a home, community farm or industry. qualité des eaux usées - Abwasserbeschaffenheit - afvalwaterkwaliteit qualità delle acque di rifiuto + afvalwaterkwaliteit + Abwasserbeschaffenheit + + + @@ -55586,27 +77361,32 @@ Implies that residues from degradation are nontoxic. One of the most misleading waste water reduction The act or process of lessening the volume of used or spent water that is discharged from homes, businesses or industries. réduction des rejets (d'eau usée) - Abwasserminderung - afvalwatervermindering riduzione dell'acqua di rifiuto + afvalwatervermindering + Abwasserminderung + bird of prey Any of various carnivorous bird of the orders Falconiformes and Strigiformes which feed on meat taken by hunting. rapace - Raubvogel - roofvogel uccello da preda + roofvogel + Raubvogel + waste water sludge The removed materials resulting from physical, biological and chemical treatment of waste water. boues résiduaires de traitement des eaux - Abwasserschlamm - afvalwaterslib fanghi delle acque di rifiuto + afvalwaterslib + Abwasserschlamm + + + @@ -55615,18 +77395,25 @@ Implies that residues from degradation are nontoxic. One of the most misleading waste water statistics statistiques sur les eaux usées - Abwasserstatistik - afvalwaterstatistieken statistica delle acque di rifiuto + afvalwaterstatistieken + Abwasserstatistik + + + + + waste water treatment Any process to which wastewater is subjected which would remove, or otherwise render harmless to human health and the environment, its constituent wastes. traitement des eaux usées - Abwasserbehandlung - afvalwaterverwerking trattamento delle acque di rifiuto + afvalwaterverwerking + Abwasserbehandlung + + @@ -55653,9 +77440,12 @@ Implies that residues from degradation are nontoxic. One of the most misleading waste water treatment plant Plant where, through physical-chemical and biological processes, organic matter, bacteria, viruses and solids are removed from residential, commercial and industrial wastewaters before they are discharged in rivers, lakes and seas. station d'épuration des eaux usées - Abwasserbehandlungsanlage - afvalwaterverwerkingsfabriek impianto di trattamento dell'acqua di rifiuto + afvalwaterverwerkingsfabriek + Abwasserbehandlungsanlage + + + @@ -55666,9 +77456,11 @@ Implies that residues from degradation are nontoxic. One of the most misleading water analysis Study of the chemical, physical and biological properties of water. analyse de l'eau - Wasseruntersuchung - wateranalyse analisi dell'acqua + wateranalyse + Wasseruntersuchung + + @@ -55676,9 +77468,10 @@ Implies that residues from degradation are nontoxic. One of the most misleading biological water balance The amount of ingoing and outgoing water in a system, which are assumed to be equal in the long term so that the water budget will balance. bilan hydrologique - Wasserhaushalt - biologische waterbalans bilancio idrico biologico + biologische waterbalans + Wasserhaushalt + @@ -55686,18 +77479,21 @@ Implies that residues from degradation are nontoxic. One of the most misleading bird species Any species of the warm-blooded vertebrates which make up the class Aves. espèce d'avifaune - Vogelart - vogelsoorten specie ornitiche + vogelsoorten + Vogelart + water body Any mass of water having definite hydrological, physical, chemical and biological characteristics and which can be employed for one or several purposes. entité hydrologique - Wasserkörper - waterlichaam corpo idrico + waterlichaam + Wasserkörper + + @@ -55706,27 +77502,32 @@ Implies that residues from degradation are nontoxic. One of the most misleading water bottom The floor upon which any body of water rests. fond de l'eau - Gewässersohle - waterbodem fondo di corpo idrico + waterbodem + Gewässersohle + + water collection The catching of water, especially rain water, in a structure such as a basin or reservoir. captage d'eau - Wassergewinnung - waterwinning captazione di acqua + waterwinning + Wassergewinnung + water conservation The protection, development and efficient management of water resources for beneficial purposes. conservation de l'eau - Gewässerschutz - waterbehoud conservazione delle acque + waterbehoud + Gewässerschutz + + @@ -55734,9 +77535,12 @@ Implies that residues from degradation are nontoxic. One of the most misleading water consumption The utilization patterns and quantities entailed in a community or human group's use of water for survival, comfort and enjoyment. consommation d'eau - Wasserverbrauch - waterverbruik consumo di acqua + waterverbruik + Wasserverbrauch + + + @@ -55746,9 +77550,11 @@ Implies that residues from degradation are nontoxic. One of the most misleading watercourse A natural stream arising in a given drainage basin but not wholly dependent for its flow on surface drainage in its immediate area, flowing in a channel with a well-defined bed between visible banks or through a definite depression in the land, having a definite and permanent or periodic supply of water, and usually, but not necessarily, having a perceptible current in a particular direction and discharging at a fixed point into another body of water. cours d'eau - Wasserlauf - waterloop corso d'acqua + waterloop + Wasserlauf + + @@ -55760,9 +77566,13 @@ Implies that residues from degradation are nontoxic. One of the most misleading water demand besoin en eau - Wasserbedarf - vraag naar water fabbisogno di acqua + vraag naar water + Wasserbedarf + + + + @@ -55770,9 +77580,12 @@ Implies that residues from degradation are nontoxic. One of the most misleading water distribution system The system of pipes supplying water to communities and industries. réseau de distribution d'eau - Wasserverteilungssystem - waterdistributiesysteem sistema di distribuzione dell'acqua + waterdistributiesysteem + Wasserverteilungssystem + + + @@ -55786,9 +77599,11 @@ Implies that residues from degradation are nontoxic. One of the most misleading water endangering Can be caused by a variety of means, e.g. farm pollution from animal wastes and silage liquor (liquors from green leaf cattle food which has had molasses added to promote fermentation and preservation; they are highly polluting and can be a seasonal cause of fish deaths in small streams), leachate from landfill sites, and spoil heaps, solvent discharge to sewers or to land and inadequate sewage treatment works. risque sur la qualité de l'eau - Wassergefährdung - bedreiging van water potenziale inquinamento dell'acqua + bedreiging van water + Wassergefährdung + + @@ -55798,18 +77613,22 @@ Implies that residues from degradation are nontoxic. One of the most misleading water erosion The breakdown of solid rock into smaller particles and its removal by water. As weathering, erosion is a natural geological process, but more rapid soil erosion results from poor land-use practices, leading to the loss of fertile topsoil and to the silting of dams, lakes, rivers and harbours. There are three classes of erosion by water. a) Splash erosion occurs when raindrops strike bare soil, causing it to splash, as mud, to flow into spaces in the soil and to turn the upper layer of soil into a structureless, compacted mass that dries with a hard, largely impermeable crust. b) Surface flow occurs when soil is removed with surface run-off during heavy rain. c) Channelized flow occurs when a flowing mixture of water and soil cuts a channel, which is then deepened by further scouring. A minor erosion channel is called a rill, a larger channel a gully. érosion par l'eau - Wassererosion - watererosie erosione idrica + watererosie + Wassererosion + water extraction Pumping of water for different purposes (i.e. agriculture, land reclamation, domestic and industrial use, etc.). extraction d'eau - Wasserentnahme - wateronttrekking estrazione di acqua + wateronttrekking + Wasserentnahme + + + @@ -55817,36 +77636,42 @@ Implies that residues from degradation are nontoxic. One of the most misleading birth control Limitation of the number of children born by preventing or reducing the frequency of impregnation. régulation des naissances - Geburtenregelung - geboortebeperking controllo delle nascite + geboortebeperking + Geburtenregelung + waterfall A perpendicular or steep descent of the water of a stream, as where it crosses an outcrop of resistant rock overhanging softer rock that has been eroded or flows over the edge of a plateau of cliffed coast. cascade - Wasserfall - waterval cascata + waterval + Wasserfall + + water flea Fresh-water branchiopod crustaceans characterized by a transparent bivalve shell. puce d'eau - Daphnien - watervlooien pulci d'acqua + watervlooien + Daphnien + hydrologic flow The characteristic behaviour and the total quantity of water involved in a drainage basin, determined by measuring such quantities as rainfall, surface and subsurface storage and flow, and evapotranspiration. régime hydrologique - Wasserfluß - hydrologische stroming flusso idrologico + hydrologische stroming + Wasserfluß + + @@ -55855,9 +77680,11 @@ Implies that residues from degradation are nontoxic. One of the most misleading water for agricultural use Water used in agriculture for irrigation and livestock. Livestock watering is only 1 percent of the total water withdrawal for agricultural use. Of all functional water uses, irrigation is the largest agricultural use of water. eau à usage agricole - Landwirtschaftliches Brauchwasser - landbouwwater acqua per uso agricolo + landbouwwater + Landwirtschaftliches Brauchwasser + + @@ -55865,18 +77692,23 @@ Implies that residues from degradation are nontoxic. One of the most misleading water for consumption Consumptive water use starts with withdrawal, but in this case without any return, e.g. irrigation, steam escaping into the atmosphere, water contained in final products, i.e. it is no longer available directly for subsequent use. eau propre à la consommation - Gebrauchswasser - water voor (menselijk) gebruik acqua per consumo (non recuperabile) + water voor (menselijk) gebruik + Gebrauchswasser + + + water for industrial use Water used by industries for purposes such as fabrication, processing, washing and cooling, which is obtained from a public supply or through self-supplied sources. eau industrielle - Brauchwasser (Industrie) - water voor industrieel gebruik acqua per uso industriale + water voor industrieel gebruik + Brauchwasser (Industrie) + + @@ -55885,18 +77717,21 @@ Implies that residues from degradation are nontoxic. One of the most misleading waterfowl Aquatic birds which constitute the order Anseriformes, including the swans, ducks, geese, and screamers. avifaune aquatique - Wasservogel - watervogels avifauna acquatica + watervogels + Wasservogel + water hardness The amount of calcium and magnesium salts dissolved in water. dureté de l'eau - Wasserhärte - waterhardheid durezza dell'acqua + waterhardheid + Wasserhärte + + @@ -55904,36 +77739,44 @@ Implies that residues from degradation are nontoxic. One of the most misleading water hyacinth Floating aquatic plant, Eichornia crassipes of tropical America, having showy bluish-purple flowers and swollen leafstalks: family Pontederiaceae. It forms dense masses in rivers, ponds, etc., and is a serious pest in the southern U.S., Java, Australia, New Zealand, and parts of Africa. jacinthe d'eau - Wasserhyazinthe - waterhyacint giacinto d'acqua + waterhyacint + Wasserhyazinthe + water level The level reached by the surface of a body of water. niveau d'eau - Wasserstand - waterstand livello dell'acqua + waterstand + Wasserstand + + waterlogged land Waterlogging is an effect of canal irrigation; it occurs when the water table rises to within 3 meters of a crop's roots, impeding their ability to absorb oxygen and ultimately compromising crop yields. Many factors contribute to waterlogging. These include inadequate drainage, improper balance in the use of groundwater and surface water, seepage and percolation from unlined channels, overwatering, planting crops not suited to specific soils, and inadequate preparation of land before irrigation. sol saturé (engorgé) d'eau - Vernäßter Boden - water terreno saturo d'acqua + water + Vernäßter Boden + + + water management Measures taken to ensure an adequate supply of water and a responsible utilization of water resources. gestion de l'eau - Wasserwirtschaft - waterbeheer gestione dell'acqua + waterbeheer + Wasserwirtschaft + + @@ -55949,9 +77792,13 @@ Implies that residues from degradation are nontoxic. One of the most misleading water monitoring Studies conducted to estimate the quantity and the quality of pollutants, nutrients and suspended solids contained in water bodies and to assess sources and factors associated with agricultural practices, industrial activities or other human activities. surveillance de l'eau - Wasserüberwachung - watertoezicht monitoraggio dell'acqua + watertoezicht + Wasserüberwachung + + + + @@ -55962,18 +77809,23 @@ Implies that residues from degradation are nontoxic. One of the most misleading water pollutant A chemical or physical agent introduced to any body of water that may detrimentally alter the natural condition of that body of water and other associated bodies of water. polluant de l'eau - Wasserschadstoff - watervervuiler inquinante dell'acqua + watervervuiler + Wasserschadstoff + + + water pollution The manmade or man-induced alteration of the chemical, physical, biological and radiological integrity of water. pollution de l'eau - Wasserverunreinigung - waterverontreiniging inquinamento dell'acqua + waterverontreiniging + Wasserverunreinigung + + @@ -55989,18 +77841,23 @@ Implies that residues from degradation are nontoxic. One of the most misleading water pollution prevention Precautionary measures, actions or installations implemented to avert or hinder human-made or human-induced alteration of the physical, biological, chemical and radiological integrity of water. prévention de la pollution de l'eau - Gewässerschutz - voorkomen van waterverontreiniging protezione delle acque + voorkomen van waterverontreiniging + Gewässerschutz + + + water protection Measures to conserve surface and groundwater; to ensure the continued availability of water for growing domestic, commercial and industrial uses and to ensure sufficient water for natural ecosystems. protection de l'eau - Wasserschutz - waterbescherming protezione dell'acqua + waterbescherming + Wasserschutz + + @@ -56010,9 +77867,11 @@ Implies that residues from degradation are nontoxic. One of the most misleading water protection directive directive relative à la protection de l'eau - Gewässerschutzrichtlinie - richtlijn voor de waterbescherming direttiva sulla tutela delle acque + richtlijn voor de waterbescherming + Gewässerschutzrichtlinie + + @@ -56020,36 +77879,43 @@ Implies that residues from degradation are nontoxic. One of the most misleading water protection legislation législation en matière de protection de l'eau - Gewässerschutzrecht - waterbeschermingswetgeving legislazione sulla protezione dell'acqua + waterbeschermingswetgeving + Gewässerschutzrecht + + water pump A machine or apparatus used to lift water, usually from a well or borehole, which is powered manually or by engine, wind or some other source. pompe à eau - Wasserpumpe - waterpomp pompa dell'acqua + waterpomp + Wasserpumpe + bitumen A generic term applied to natural inflammable substances of variable colour, hardness, and volatility, composed principally of a mixture of hydrocarbons substantially free from oxygenated bodies. Bitumens are sometimes associated with mineral matter, the nonmineral constituents being fusible and largely soluble in carbon disulfide, yielding water-insoluble sulfonation products. Petroleum, asphalts, natural mineral waxes, and asphaltites are all considered bitumens. bitume - Bitumen - bitumen bitume + bitumen + Bitumen + + water purification Any of several processes in which undesirable impurities in water are removed or neutralized. épuration de l'eau - Wasserreinigung - waterzuivering depurazione dell'acqua + waterzuivering + Wasserreinigung + + @@ -56057,18 +77923,23 @@ Implies that residues from degradation are nontoxic. One of the most misleading water purification plant Plant where water, through physical and chemical processes, is made suitable for human consumption and other purposes. usine de potabilisation de l'eau - Wasserreinigungsanlage - waterzuiveringsinstallatie impianto di depurazione delle acque + waterzuiveringsinstallatie + Wasserreinigungsanlage + + + water quality A graded value of the components (organic and inorganic, chemical or physical) which comprise the nature of water. qualité de l'eau - Wassergüte - waterkwaliteit qualità dell'acqua + waterkwaliteit + Wassergüte + + @@ -56088,9 +77959,11 @@ Implies that residues from degradation are nontoxic. One of the most misleading water quality directive EC Directive establishing the rules relating to water for human consumption. directive relative à la qualité de l'eau - Gewässergüterichtlinie - richtlijn inzake de waterkwaliteit direttiva sulla qualità dell'acqua + richtlijn inzake de waterkwaliteit + Gewässergüterichtlinie + + @@ -56099,9 +77972,11 @@ Implies that residues from degradation are nontoxic. One of the most misleading water quality management Water quality management concerns four major elements: the use (recreation, drinking water, fish and wildlife propagation, industrial or agricultural) to be made of the water; criteria to protect those uses; implementation plans (for needed industrial-municipal waste treatment improvements) and enforcement plans, and an anti-degradation statement to protect existing high quality waters. gestion de la qualité de l'eau - Wassergütewirtschaft - waterkwaliteitsbeheer gestione della qualità dell'acqua + waterkwaliteitsbeheer + Wassergütewirtschaft + + @@ -56109,18 +77984,22 @@ Implies that residues from degradation are nontoxic. One of the most misleading water quantity management The administration or handling of the amount of available potable water. gestion de la quantité d'eau - Wassermengenwirtschaft - beheer van de waterhoeveelheid gestione della quantità di acqua + beheer van de waterhoeveelheid + Wassermengenwirtschaft + + water regulatory authority The power of a government agency or its administrators to administer and implement regulations, laws and government policies relating to the preservation and protection of water resources. syndicat des eaux - Wasserbehörde - waterschap autorità per le acque + waterschap + Wasserbehörde + + @@ -56129,9 +78008,11 @@ Implies that residues from degradation are nontoxic. One of the most misleading water resource Water in any of its forms, wherever located - atmosphere, surface or ground - which is or can be of value to man. ressource en eau - Wasserressourcen - waterbronnen risorse idriche + waterbronnen + Wasserressourcen + + @@ -56140,44 +78021,59 @@ Implies that residues from degradation are nontoxic. One of the most misleading water resources conservation Controlled utilization or protection of any supply of water so that it is potentially useful for some purpose, such as for an economic, recreational or life-sustaining purpose. préservation des ressources hydrologiques - Schutz der Wasserressourcen - waterbronnenbescherming conservazione delle risorse idriche + waterbronnenbescherming + Schutz der Wasserressourcen + + + water resources development développement des ressources hydrologiques - Wasserwirtschaftliche Planung - ontwikkeling waterbronnen sviluppo delle risorse idriche + ontwikkeling waterbronnen + Wasserwirtschaftliche Planung + + + water reuse Use of process wastewater or treatment facility effluent in a different manufacturing process. réutilisation de l'eau - Wasserwiederverwendung - hergebruik van water riutilizzazione dell'acqua + hergebruik van water + Wasserwiederverwendung + + + water salination Process by which water becomes more salty, found especially in hot countries where irrigation is practised. augmentation de la salinité de l'eau - Wasserversalzung - verzilting van water salinizzazione dell'acqua + verzilting van water + Wasserversalzung + + water saving Management of water resources aiming at ensuring the continued availability of water for human uses and natural ecosystems. économie d'eau - Wassereinsparung - waterbesparing risparmio di acqua + waterbesparing + Wassereinsparung + + + + @@ -56185,9 +78081,11 @@ Implies that residues from degradation are nontoxic. One of the most misleading water science The science that treats the occurrence, circulation, distribution, and properties of the waters of the earth, and their reaction with the environment. sciences de l'eau - Hydrologie - waterwetenschappen scienze dell'acqua + waterwetenschappen + Hydrologie + + @@ -56197,9 +78095,11 @@ Implies that residues from degradation are nontoxic. One of the most misleading water (geographic) The liquid that forms streams, lakes, and seas, and issues from the ground in springs. eaux (géographie) - Gewässer - wateren acque (geografia) + wateren + Gewässer + + @@ -56217,27 +78117,34 @@ Implies that residues from degradation are nontoxic. One of the most misleading watershed management Use, regulation and treatment of water and land resources of a watershed to accomplish stated objectives. aménagement des bassins versants - Bewirtschaftung von Wassereinzugsgebieten - beheer van een afwateringsgebied sfruttamento razionale degli spartiacque + beheer van een afwateringsgebied + Bewirtschaftung von Wassereinzugsgebieten + + + watershed The dividing line between two adjacent river systems, such as a ridge. ligne de partage des eaux - Wasserscheide - afwateringsgebied spartiacque + afwateringsgebied + Wasserscheide + + waterside development Any physical extension of, or changes to, the uses of land in waterfront areas. mise en valeur des rives - Uferentwicklung - ontwikkeling van de waterkant sviluppo lungo le rive + ontwikkeling van de waterkant + Uferentwicklung + + @@ -56248,18 +78155,24 @@ Implies that residues from degradation are nontoxic. One of the most misleading water statistics statistiques portant sur l'eau - Wasserstatistik - watergegevens statistica delle acque + watergegevens + Wasserstatistik + + + + water (substance) Common liquid (H2O) which forms rain, rivers, the sea, etc., and which makes up a large part of the bodies of organisms. eau (substance) - Wasser - water acqua (sostanza) + water + Wasser + + @@ -56276,9 +78189,11 @@ Implies that residues from degradation are nontoxic. One of the most misleading water supply A source or volume of water available for use; also, the system of reservoirs, wells, conduits, and treatment facilities required to make the water available and usable. alimentation en eau - Wasserversorgung - watervoorziening approvvigionamento idrico + watervoorziening + Wasserversorgung + + @@ -56292,9 +78207,11 @@ Implies that residues from degradation are nontoxic. One of the most misleading water transportation Transportation of goods or persons by means of ships travelling on the sea or on inland waterways. transport par voies navigables - Wassertransport - watervervoer trasporti via acqua + watervervoer + Wassertransport + + @@ -56305,9 +78222,11 @@ Implies that residues from degradation are nontoxic. One of the most misleading water treatment Purification of water to make it suitable for drinking or for any other use. traitement de l'eau - Wasseraufbereitung - waterzuivering trattamento delle acque + waterzuivering + Wasseraufbereitung + + @@ -56323,18 +78242,23 @@ Implies that residues from degradation are nontoxic. One of the most misleading water utilisation Three types of water use are distinguished: a) withdrawal, where water is taken from a river, or surface or underground reservoir, and after use returned to a natural water body, e.g. water used for cooling in industrial processes. Such return flows are particularly important for downstream users in the case of water taken from rivers; b) consumptive, which starts with withdrawal but in this case without any return, e.g. irrigation, steam escaping into the atmosphere, water contained in final products, i.e. it is no longer available directly for subsequent uses; c) non-withdrawal, i.e. the in situ use of a water body for navigation (including the floating of logs by the lumber industry), fishing, recreation, effluent disposal and hydroelectric power generation. utilisation d'eau - Wassernutzung - watergebruik utilizzazione dell'acqua + watergebruik + Wassernutzung + + + waterway A river, canal, or other navigable channel used as a means of travel or transport. voie navigable - Wasserstraße - waterweg via di navigazione + waterweg + Wasserstraße + + @@ -56346,18 +78270,24 @@ Implies that residues from degradation are nontoxic. One of the most misleading water well A well sunk to extract water from a zone of saturation. puits d'eau - Wasserbrunnen - waterbron pozzo (acqua) + waterbron + Wasserbrunnen + + waterworks Plant for treating and purifying water before it is pumped into pipes for distribution to houses, factories, schools, etc. société de distribution d'eau - Wasserwerk - waterleidingbedrijf impianto per il trattamento dell'acqua + waterleidingbedrijf + Wasserwerk + + + + @@ -56365,9 +78295,11 @@ Implies that residues from degradation are nontoxic. One of the most misleading wave energy Power extracted from the motion of sea waves at the coast. énergie houlomotrice - Wellenenergie - golfenergie energia dalle onde + golfenergie + Wellenenergie + + @@ -56377,18 +78309,21 @@ Implies that residues from degradation are nontoxic. One of the most misleading black coal A natural black graphitelike material used as a fuel, formed from fossilized plants and consisting of amorphous carbon with various organic and some inorganic compounds. anthracite - Steinkohle - steenkool antracite (prodotto) + steenkool + Steinkohle + + sea wave A moving ridge or swell of water occurring close to the surface of the sea, characterized by oscillating and rising and falling movements, often as a result of the frictional drag of the wind. vague - Welle - zeegolven onde marine + zeegolven + Welle + @@ -56396,9 +78331,10 @@ Implies that residues from degradation are nontoxic. One of the most misleading weapon An instrument of attack or defense in combat, as a gun, missile, or sword. arme - Waffe - wapen arma + wapen + Waffe + @@ -56409,9 +78345,10 @@ Implies that residues from degradation are nontoxic. One of the most misleading weather The day-to-day meteorological conditions, especially temperature, cloudiness, and rainfall, affecting a specific place. temps (météo) - Wetter - weer tempo + weer + Wetter + @@ -56421,18 +78358,21 @@ Implies that residues from degradation are nontoxic. One of the most misleading weather condition The complex of meteorological characteristics in a given region. conditions météorologiques - Witterung - weerstoestand condizioni del tempo + weerstoestand + Witterung + weather modification The changing of natural weather phenomena by technical means. modification météorologique - Wetterveränderung - weersverandering modificazione del tempo + weersverandering + Wetterveränderung + + @@ -56441,9 +78381,11 @@ Implies that residues from degradation are nontoxic. One of the most misleading weather monitoring The periodic or continuous surveillance or analysis of the state of the atmosphere and climate, including variables such as temperature, moisture, wind velocity and barometric pressure. surveillance météorologique - Wetterbeobachtung - weerswaarneming monitoraggio meteorologico + weerswaarneming + Wetterbeobachtung + + @@ -56451,27 +78393,32 @@ Implies that residues from degradation are nontoxic. One of the most misleading weather forecasting The act or process of predicting and highlighting meteorological conditions that are expected for a specific time period and for a specific area or portion of air space, by using objective models based on certain atmospheric parameters, along with the skill and experience of a meteorologist. prévision météorologique - Wettervorhersage - weersvoorspelling previsioni del tempo + weersvoorspelling + Wettervorhersage + + weed Any plant that grows wild and profusely, especially one that grows among cultivated plants, depriving them of space, food, etc. mauvaise herbe - Unkraut - onkruid erba infestante + onkruid + Unkraut + + weed control Freeing an area of land from weeds by several means, such as herbicides, tillage, burning, mowing, and crop competition. désherbage - Unkrautbekämpfung - onkruidbestrijding controllo delle erbe infestanti + onkruidbestrijding + Unkrautbekämpfung + @@ -56479,18 +78426,21 @@ Implies that residues from degradation are nontoxic. One of the most misleading weight The gravitational force with which the earth attracts a body. By extension, the gravitational force with which a star, planet, or satellite attracts a nearby body. poids - Gewicht - gewicht peso + gewicht + Gewicht + + welding Joining two metals by applying heat to melt and fuse them, with or without filler metal. soudage - Schweissen - lassen saldatura + lassen + Schweissen + @@ -56499,9 +78449,11 @@ Implies that residues from degradation are nontoxic. One of the most misleading well A hole dug into the earth to reach a supply of water, oil, brine or gas. puits - Brunnen - bron pozzo + bron + Brunnen + + @@ -56509,18 +78461,20 @@ Implies that residues from degradation are nontoxic. One of the most misleading West Africa A geographic region of the African continent bordered in the west and south by the Atlantic Ocean, including the republics of Benin, Burkina Faso, Cabo Verde, Cote D'ivoire, Gambie, Ghana, Guinee Bissau, Liberia, Mali, Mauritanie, Niger, Nigeria, Sengegal, Sierra Leone and Togo. Afrique de l'Ouest - Westafrika - West-Afrika Africa occidentale + West-Afrika + Westafrika + Western Asia A geographic region of Asia that includes Turkey, Iran and other countries of the Middle East and the Arabian peninsula. Asie de l'Ouest - Westasien - Westelijk Aziê Asia occidentale + Westelijk Aziê + Westasien + @@ -56528,18 +78482,20 @@ Implies that residues from degradation are nontoxic. One of the most misleading Western Europe A geographic region of the European continent surrounded by the North Sea, Atlantic Ocean and the Mediterranean Sea, including Belgium, France, Germany, Great Britain, Greece, Italy, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Portugal, Spain and other member countries of the Western European Union. Europe de l'Ouest - Westeuropa - Westelijk Europa Europa occidentale + Westelijk Europa + Westeuropa + wetland Areas that are inundated by surface or ground water with frequency sufficient to support a prevalence of vegetative or aquatic life that requires saturated or seasonally saturated soil conditions for growth or reproduction. zone humide - Feuchtgebiet - waterrijk gebied zona umida + waterrijk gebied + Feuchtgebiet + @@ -56554,27 +78510,33 @@ Implies that residues from degradation are nontoxic. One of the most misleading wetlands ecosystem Ecosystems of areas largely inundated with water but offering elevated lands as a habitat for wildlife. This areas include swamps, both seasonal and permanent, marsh, open fresh water, shallow saline lagoons, the estuaries of rivers, floodplains and coastal sand dunes. They provide food, breeding grounds, water and sanctuary for many forms of fish, birds and other animal and plant life. They are among the most productive ecosystems producing timber, peat moss and crops such as rice and a variety of berries. écosystème de zone humide - Feuchtgebietökosystem - ecosysteem van waterrijke gebied ecosistema delle zone umide + ecosysteem van waterrijke gebied + Feuchtgebietökosystem + + wet process Process used to remove particulate matter and/or gaseous pollutants by means of an aqueous stream or slurry. procédé par voie humide - Naßverfahren - nat proces processo a umido + nat proces + Naßverfahren + + + blast furnace A tall, cylindrical smelting furnace for reducing iron ore to pig iron; the blast of air blown through solid fuel increases the combustion rate. haut fourneau - Hochofen - blaasoven altoforno + blaasoven + Hochofen + @@ -56583,54 +78545,63 @@ Implies that residues from degradation are nontoxic. One of the most misleading 1) An air cleaning device that literally washes out the dust. Exhaust air is forced into a spray chamber, where fine water particles cause the dust to drop from the air stream. The dust-ladden water is then treated to remove the solid material and is often recirculated. 2) Equipment through which a gas is passed to remove impurities (solid, liquid, or gaseous particles) by intimate contact with a suitable liquid, usually an aqueous medium. appareil de dépoussiérage par voie humide - Naßabscheider - nat-ontstoffer abbattitore a umido + nat-ontstoffer + Naßabscheider + + wet waste Organic refuse or material left over from a manufacturing process, which is characterized by the presence of moisture. déchets humides - Naßmüll - nat afval rifiuto umido + nat afval + Naßmüll + whale Large marine mammals of the order Cetacea; the body is streamlined, the broad flat tail is used for propulsion, and the limbs are balancing structures. baleine - Wal - walvissen balene + walvissen + Wal + + whaling Catching whales to use as food or for their oil, etc. Whales are the largest mammals still in existence. They are caught mainly for their oils, though in some case for food. Some species of whale have become extinct because of overexploitation and the population of many of the existing species is dangerously low. Commercial whaling is severely restricted. pêche à la baleine - Walfang - walvisvangst caccia alla balena + walvisvangst + Walfang + wholesale trade The business of selling goods to retailers in larger quantities than they are sold to final consumers but in smaller quantities than they are purchased from manufacturers. commerce de gros - Großhandel - groothandel commercio all'ingrosso + groothandel + Großhandel + + wild animal Not domesticated animals living independently of man. animal sauvage - Wildtier - wild dier animale selvatico + wild dier + Wildtier + @@ -56638,9 +78609,10 @@ Implies that residues from degradation are nontoxic. One of the most misleading wildlife Animals and plants that grow independently of people, usually in natural conditions. flore et faune sauvages - Natürliche Pflanzen- und Tierwelt - in het wild levende planten en dieren flora e fauna selvatiche + in het wild levende planten en dieren + Natürliche Pflanzen- und Tierwelt + @@ -56652,9 +78624,11 @@ Implies that residues from degradation are nontoxic. One of the most misleading wildlife conservation A series of measures required to maintain or restore the natural habitats and the populations of species of wild fauna and flora at a favourable status. protection de la faune sauvage - Erhaltung der natürlichen Pflanzen- und Tierwelt - behoud van in het wild levende planten en dieren conservazione di flora e fauna selvatiche + behoud van in het wild levende planten en dieren + Erhaltung der natürlichen Pflanzen- und Tierwelt + + @@ -56663,9 +78637,10 @@ Implies that residues from degradation are nontoxic. One of the most misleading wildlife habitat Suitable upland or wetland areas promoting survival of wildlife. habitat de la faune sauvage - Habitat wildlebender Tiere und Pflanzen - leefomgeving van in het wild levende planten en dieren habitat di flora e fauna selvatiche + leefomgeving van in het wild levende planten en dieren + Habitat wildlebender Tiere und Pflanzen + @@ -56673,9 +78648,11 @@ Implies that residues from degradation are nontoxic. One of the most misleading wildlife population statistics The numerical facts or data collected through various methodologies, such as sighting surveys, which represent or estimate the size of any wildlife species for purposes such as analyzing population trends. statistiques sur les populations d'animaux sauvages - Statistik des Wildbestandes - populatiestatistieken over in het wild levende planten en dieren statistica delle popolazioni naturali + populatiestatistieken over in het wild levende planten en dieren + Statistik des Wildbestandes + + @@ -56683,9 +78660,11 @@ Implies that residues from degradation are nontoxic. One of the most misleading 1) A chemical, such as an aromatic acyl peroxide or monoperoxiphthalic acid, used to bleach flour, fats, oils and other edibles. 2) An oxidizing or reducing chemical such as sodium hypochlorite, sulfur dioxide, sodium acid sulfite, or hydrogen peroxide. agent de blanchiment - Bleichmittel - bleekmiddel agente sbiancante + bleekmiddel + Bleichmittel + + @@ -56695,9 +78674,12 @@ Implies that residues from degradation are nontoxic. One of the most misleading 1) An area, usually in natural condition, which is reserved (set aside) by a governmental or private agency for the protection of particular species of animals during part or all of the year. 2) An area designated for the protection of wild animals, within which hunting and fishing is either prohibited or strictly controlled. sanctuaire faunique - Wildreservat - reservaat voor in het wild levende planten en dieren santuario naturale + reservaat voor in het wild levende planten en dieren + Wildreservat + + + @@ -56706,9 +78688,10 @@ Implies that residues from degradation are nontoxic. One of the most misleading running wild A state of nature or a quality or state of being undomesticated, untamed or uncultivated. retour à l'état sauvage - Verwilderung - verwildering inselvatichimento + verwildering + Verwilderung + @@ -56716,80 +78699,95 @@ Implies that residues from degradation are nontoxic. One of the most misleading wild plant Plants growing in a natural state (not cultivated). plante sauvage - Wildpflanze - in het wild groeiende plant pianta selvatica + in het wild groeiende plant + Wildpflanze + willingness-to-pay consentement à payer - Zahlungsbereitschaft - bereidheid tot betalen disponibilità a sostenere i costi + bereidheid tot betalen + Zahlungsbereitschaft + willingness-to-pay analysis analyse du consentement à payer - Zahlungsbereitschaftsanalyse - onderzoek naar de bereidheid tot betalen analisi della disponibilità a sostenere i costi + onderzoek naar de bereidheid tot betalen + Zahlungsbereitschaftsanalyse + wind The motion of air relative to the earth's surface; usually means horizontal air motion, as distinguished from vertical motion. vent - Wind - wind vento + wind + Wind + + + bleaching clay Clay capable of chemically adsorbing oils, insecticides, alkaloids, vitamins, carbohydrates and other materials; it is used for refining and decolorizing mineral and vegetable oils. terre décolorante - Bleicherde - bleekaarde argilla sbiancante + bleekaarde + Bleicherde + wind erosion The breakdown of solid rock into smaller particles and its removal by wind. It may occur on any soil whose surface is dry, unprotected by vegetation (to bind it at root level and shelter the surface) and consists of light particles. The mechanisms include straightforward picking up of dust and soil particles by the airflow and the dislodging or abrasion of surface material by the impact of particles already airborne. érosion éolienne - Winderosion - winderosie erosione eolica + winderosie + Winderosion + windmill A machine for grinding or pumping driven by a set of adjustable vanes or sails that are caused to turn by the force of the wind. moulin à vent - Windmühle - windmolen mulino a vento + windmolen + Windmühle + + + wind power Energy extracted from wind, traditionally in a windmill, but increasingly by more complicated designes including turbines, usually to produce electricity but also for water pumping. The power available from wind is proportional to the area swept by the rotating place and the cube of the wind velocity, but less than half the available power can be recovered. énergie éolienne - Windenergie - windenergie energia eolica + windenergie + Windenergie + wind power station Power station which uses wind to drive a turbine which creates electricity. centrale à énergie éolienne - Windenergieanlage - windkrachtcentrale generatore eolico + windkrachtcentrale + Windenergieanlage + + + @@ -56797,9 +78795,13 @@ Implies that residues from degradation are nontoxic. One of the most misleading 1) Removing colored components from a textile. Common bleaches are hydrogen peroxide, sodium hypochloride, and sodium chlorite. 2) The brightening and delignification of pulp by the addition of oxidizing chemicals such as chlorine or reducing chemicals such as sodium hypochloride. processus de blanchiment - Bleichverfahren - bleekproces processo sbiancante + bleekproces + Bleichverfahren + + + + @@ -56807,27 +78809,33 @@ Implies that residues from degradation are nontoxic. One of the most misleading woman An adult human female. femme - Frau - vrouw donna + vrouw + Frau + + woman's status The social position, rank or relative importance of women in society. statut des femmes - Status der Frau - status van de vrouw status della donna + status van de vrouw + Status der Frau + timber A wood, especially when regarded as a construction material. bois (matière) - Holz - (ruw /timmer-)hout legname + (ruw /timmer-)hout + Holz + + + @@ -56835,9 +78843,12 @@ Implies that residues from degradation are nontoxic. One of the most misleading wood A dense growth of trees more extensive than a grove and smaller than a forest. bois - Wald - bos bosco + bos + Wald + + + @@ -56850,44 +78861,52 @@ Implies that residues from degradation are nontoxic. One of the most misleading blood (tissue) A fluid connective tissue consisting of the plasma and cells that circulate in the blood vessels. sang - Blut - bloed sangue (tessuto) + bloed + Blut + + woodland clearance The permanent clear-felling of an area of forest or woodland. On steep slopes this can lead to severe soil erosion, especially where heavy seasonal rains or the melting of snow at higher levels cause sudden heavy flows of water. In the humid tropics it may also lead to a release of carbon dioxide from the soil. déboisement - Auslichtung - kappen van een bos disboscamento + kappen van een bos + Auslichtung + woodland ecosystem The interacting system of a biological community and its non-living environmental surroundings in wooded areas or land areas covered with trees and shrubs. écosystème des zones boisées - Waldökosystem - ecosysteem van bosgebeid ecosistema di bosco + ecosysteem van bosgebeid + Waldökosystem + + wood preservation The use of chemicals to prevent or retard the decay of wood, especially by fungi or insects; widely used preservatives include creosote, pitch, sodium fluoride and tar; especially used on wood having contact with the ground. conservation du bois - Holzschutz - houtbescherming conservazione del legno + houtbescherming + Holzschutz + + wood product produit du bois - Holzprodukt - houtproduct prodotto di legno + houtproduct + Holzprodukt + @@ -56898,9 +78917,11 @@ Implies that residues from degradation are nontoxic. One of the most misleading wood waste Waste which is left over after the processing of raw timber. déchet de bois - Holzabfall - houtafval rifiuto di legno + houtafval + Holzabfall + + @@ -56908,18 +78929,23 @@ Implies that residues from degradation are nontoxic. One of the most misleading wool A textile fiber made from raw wool characterized by absorbency, resiliency and insulation. laine - Wolle - wol lana + wol + Wolle + work accident Accident occurring in the course of the employment and caused by inherent or related factors arising from the operation of materials of one's occupation. accident du travail - Arbeitsunfall - bedrijfsongeluk incidente sul lavoro + bedrijfsongeluk + Arbeitsunfall + + + + @@ -56929,18 +78955,22 @@ Implies that residues from degradation are nontoxic. One of the most misleading worked-out open cut A mine where all the mineral that could be profitably exploited has been removed. exploitation à ciel ouvert épuisée - Restloch - volledig ontgonnen open mijn miniera esaurita + volledig ontgonnen open mijn + Restloch + + working condition All existing circumstances affecting labor in the workplace, including job hours, physical aspects, legal rights and responsibilities. condition de travail - Arbeitsbedingung - arbeidsomstandigheden condizioni di lavoro + arbeidsomstandigheden + Arbeitsbedingung + + @@ -56953,18 +78983,22 @@ Implies that residues from degradation are nontoxic. One of the most misleading working hours The time devoted to gainful employment or job-related activities, usually calculated as hours per day or per week. heures de travail - Arbeitszeit - werktijd orario di lavoro + werktijd + Arbeitszeit + + working the soil Ploughing the soil for agricultural purposes. travail du sol - Bodenbearbeitung - bodembewerking lavorazione del suolo + bodembewerking + Bodenbearbeitung + + @@ -56973,9 +79007,11 @@ Implies that residues from degradation are nontoxic. One of the most misleading workplace Any or all locations or environments where people are employed. lieu de travail - Arbeitsplatz - werkplek posto di lavoro + werkplek + Arbeitsplatz + + @@ -56984,9 +79020,10 @@ Implies that residues from degradation are nontoxic. One of the most misleading world The Earth with all its inhabitants and all things upon it. monde - Welt - wereld mondo + wereld + Welt + @@ -57007,9 +79044,11 @@ Implies that residues from degradation are nontoxic. One of the most misleading world heritage site Sites of great cultural significance and geographic areas of outstanding universal value. They include the Pyramids of Egypt, the Grand Canyon of United States, the Taj Mahal of India, the Great Wall of China, etc. site de patrimoine mondial - Welterbe - locatie dat behoort tot het wereldnatuurbezit patrimonio mondiale + locatie dat behoort tot het wereldnatuurbezit + Welterbe + + @@ -57017,27 +79056,30 @@ Implies that residues from degradation are nontoxic. One of the most misleading write-off Accounting procedure that is used when an asset is uncollectible and is therefore charged-off as a loss. écriture d'annulation - Abschreibung - afschrijven deprezzamento + afschrijven + Abschreibung + blue-green alga Microorganisms, formerly classified as algae but now regarded as bacteria, including nostoc, which contain a blue pigment in addition to chlorophyll. algue bleue - Blaualgen - blauwwieren alghe verdi-azzurre + blauwwieren + Blaualgen + wrongful act An act contrary to the rules of natural or legal justice. délit - Vergehen - onrechtmatige daad attività illegale + onrechtmatige daad + Vergehen + @@ -57045,90 +79087,106 @@ Implies that residues from degradation are nontoxic. One of the most misleading wrongful government act A deed performed by a government official or agent in exercise of police, constitutional, legislative, administrative or judicial powers that infringes upon the rights of another and causes damage, without protecting an equal or superior right. acte illicite de l'administration - Unerlaubter Regierungsakt - onrechtmatige overheidsdaad attività governativa illegale + onrechtmatige overheidsdaad + Unerlaubter Regierungsakt + xenobiotic substance A substance which would not normally be found in a given environment, and usually means a toxic chemical which is entirely artificial, such as a chlorinated aromatic compound or an organomercury compound. substance xénobiotique - Xenobiotische Stoffe - xenobiotische stof sostanza xenobiotica + xenobiotische stof + Xenobiotische Stoffe + + + - X ray + X-ray A penetrating electromagnetic radiation, usually generated by accelerating electrons to high velocity and suddenly stopping them by collision with a solid body, or by inner-shell transitions of atoms with atomic number greater than 10; their wavelength ranges from about 10(-5) angstrom to 10(3) angstroms, the average wavelength used in research being 1 angstrom. rayons X - Röntgenstrahlung - röntgenstraling raggi X + röntgenstraling + Röntgenstrahlung + yeast Many species of unicellular fungi, most of which belong to the Ascomycetes and reproduce by budding. The genus Saccharomyces is used in brewing and winemaking because in low oxygen concentration it produces zymase, an enzyme system that breaks down sugars to alcohol and carbon dioxide. Saccharomyces is also used in bread-making. Some yeasts are used as a source of protein and of vitamins of the B group. levure - Hefe - gist lievito (saccaromicete) + gist + Hefe + yield (economy) Profit or income created through an investment or a business transaction. rendement - Ertrag (ökonomisch) - opbrengst profitto lordo + opbrengst + Ertrag (ökonomisch) + infant A young child in the first years of life. nourisson - Kleinkind - zuigeling bambino piccolo + zuigeling + Kleinkind + + youth The state of being young; the period between childhood and adult age. jeunesse - Jugend - jongere giovinezza + jongere + Jugend + + youth work Job opportunities and employment for adolescents, either for financial reward or educational enrichment. travail des jeunes - Jugendarbeit - jeugdwerk lavoro giovanile + jeugdwerk + Jugendarbeit + + zinc A brittle bluish-white metallic element that becomes coated with a corrosion-resistant layer in moist air and occurs chiefly in sphalerite and smithsonite. It is a constituent of several alloys, especially brass and nickel-silver, and is used in die-casting, galvanizing metals, and in battery electrodes. zinc - Zink - zink zinco + zink + Zink + zoning Designation and reservation under a master plan of land use for light and heavy industry, dwellings, offices, and other buildings; use is enforced by restrictions on types of buildings in each zone. zonage - Zoneneinteilung - zonering zonizzazione + zonering + Zoneneinteilung + + @@ -57138,18 +79196,24 @@ Implies that residues from degradation are nontoxic. One of the most misleading zoological garden Area in which animals, especially wild animals, are kept so that people can go and look at them, or study them. parc zoologique - Zoologischer Garten - dierentuin giardino zoologico + dierentuin + Zoologischer Garten + + + + zoology The study of animals, including their classification, structure, physiology, and history. zoologie - Zoologie - zoölogie zoologia + zoölogie + Zoologie + + @@ -57157,9 +79221,10 @@ Implies that residues from degradation are nontoxic. One of the most misleading zoonosis Diseases which are biologically adapted to and normally found in animals but which under some conditions also infect man. zoonose - Zoonose - zoonosis zoonosi + zoonosis + Zoonose + @@ -57170,18 +79235,24 @@ Implies that residues from degradation are nontoxic. One of the most misleading boating To travel or go in a boat as a form of recreation. navigation de plaisance - Bootsfahrt - (bootje)varen navigazione (ricreazione) + (bootje)varen + Bootsfahrt + + + biochemical oxygen demand The amount of oxygen used for biochemical oxidation by a unit volume of water at a given temperature and for a given time. BOD is an index of the degree of organic pollution in water. demande biochimique en oxygène - Biochemischer Sauerstoffbedarf - biochemische zuurstofverbruik richiesta biochimica di ossigeno + biochemische zuurstofverbruik + Biochemischer Sauerstoffbedarf + + + @@ -57190,9 +79261,10 @@ Implies that residues from degradation are nontoxic. One of the most misleading administration The management or direction of the affairs of a public or private office, business or organization. administration - Verwaltung - bestuur amministrazione + bestuur + Verwaltung + @@ -57204,36 +79276,42 @@ Implies that residues from degradation are nontoxic. One of the most misleading boiler An enclosed vessel in which water is heated and circulated, either as hot water or as steam, for heating or power. chaudière - Kessel - warmwaterketel caldaia + warmwaterketel + Kessel + boiling point The temperature at which the transition from the liquid to the gaseous phase occurs in a pure substance at fixed pressure. point d'ébullition - Siedepunkt - kookpunt punto di ebollizione + kookpunt + Siedepunkt + + book A collection of leaves of paper, parchment or other material, usually bound or fastened together within covers, containing writing of any type or blank pages for future inscription. livre - Buch - boek libro + boek + Buch + + bookkeeping The art or science of recording business accounts and transactions. comptabilité - Buchhaltung - boekhouding contabilità + boekhouding + Buchhaltung + @@ -57246,9 +79324,10 @@ Implies that residues from degradation are nontoxic. One of the most misleading border The dividing line or frontier between political or geographic regions. bordure - Grenze - grens frontiera + grens + Grenze + @@ -57262,9 +79341,10 @@ Implies that residues from degradation are nontoxic. One of the most misleading boron A very hard almost colourless crystalline metalloid element that in impure form exists as a brown amorphous powder. It occurs principally in borax and is used in hardening steel. bore - Bor - borium boro + borium + Bor + @@ -57273,18 +79353,22 @@ Implies that residues from degradation are nontoxic. One of the most misleading botanical garden A place in which plants are grown, studied and exhibited. jardin botanique - Botanischer Garten - botanische tuin orto botanico + botanische tuin + Botanischer Garten + + + botany A branch of the biological sciences which embraces the study of plants and plant life. botanique - Botanik - plantkunde botanica + plantkunde + Botanik + @@ -57296,9 +79380,10 @@ Implies that residues from degradation are nontoxic. One of the most misleading boundary crossing Crossing of a state border. transfert transfrontalier - Grenzüberschreitung - grensoverschrijding attraversamento di frontiera + grensoverschrijding + Grenzüberschreitung + @@ -57306,9 +79391,11 @@ Implies that residues from degradation are nontoxic. One of the most misleading boundary layer The layer of fluid adjacent to a physical boundary in which the fluid motion is significantly affected by the boundary and has a mean velocity less than the free stream value. couche limite - Grenzschicht - grenslaag strato limite + grenslaag + Grenzschicht + + @@ -57316,9 +79403,10 @@ Implies that residues from degradation are nontoxic. One of the most misleading bovid Any animal belonging to the Bovidae family. bovidé - Bovidae - runderachtigen bovidi + runderachtigen + Bovidae + @@ -57326,36 +79414,42 @@ Implies that residues from degradation are nontoxic. One of the most misleading brackish water Water, salty between the concentrations of fresh water and sea water; usually 5-10 parts x thousand. eau saumâtre - Brackwasser - brakwater acqua salmastra + brakwater + Brackwasser + bradyseism A long-continued, extremely slow vertical instability of the crust, as in the volcanic district west of Naples, Italy, where the Phlegraean bradyseism has involved up-and-down movements between 6 m below sea level and 6 m above over a period of more than 2.000 years. bradyséisme - Bradyseismus - (trage) bodemschommelingen bradisismo + (trage) bodemschommelingen + Bradyseismus + breast milk Milk from the breast for feeding babies. lait maternel - Muttermilch - moedermelk latte materno + moedermelk + Muttermilch + + breeding The application of genetic principles to the improvement of farm animals and cultivated plants. amélioration génétique - Züchtung - fokken allevamento + fokken + Züchtung + + @@ -57370,27 +79464,31 @@ Implies that residues from degradation are nontoxic. One of the most misleading breeding bird The individuals in a bird population that are involved in reproduction during a particular period in a given place. oiseaux nicheurs - Brutvogel - broedvogel uccello nidificante + broedvogel + Brutvogel + brewing industry A sector of the economy in which an aggregate of commercial enterprises is engaged in the manufacture and marketing of beverages made from malt and hops by steeping, boiling and fermentation, such as beer, ale and other related beverages. secteur de brasserie - Brauerei - brouwerijnijverheid industria della birra + brouwerijnijverheid + Brauerei + brick A building material usually made from clay, molded as a rectangular block, and baked or burned in a kiln. brique - Ziegelstein - baksteen mattone + baksteen + Ziegelstein + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/thesauri/inspire-service-taxonomy.rdf b/thesauri/inspire-service-taxonomy.rdf deleted file mode 100644 index 4aa016c..0000000 --- a/thesauri/inspire-service-taxonomy.rdf +++ /dev/null @@ -1,1889 +0,0 @@ - - - - INSPIRE Service taxonomy - INSPIRE service taxonomy for GeoNetwork opensource. - Codelist is used for now and should be stored in gmd:keywords elements. - Another option could be to add "Translation (codelistValue)" in gmd:keywords. - INSPIRE schematron rules could then use contains instead of equal operator. - - - - - - 2010-04-22 07:57:15 - - - humanInteractionService - humanInteractionService - humanInteractionService - humanInteractionService - humanInteractionService - humanInteractionService - humanInteractionService - humanInteractionService - humanInteractionService - humanInteractionService - humanInteractionService - humanInteractionService - humanInteractionService - humanInteractionService - humanInteractionService - humanInteractionService - humanInteractionService - humanInteractionService - humanInteractionService - humanInteractionService - humanInteractionService - humanInteractionService - - - humanCatalogueViewer - humanCatalogueViewer - humanCatalogueViewer - humanCatalogueViewer - humanCatalogueViewer - humanCatalogueViewer - humanCatalogueViewer - humanCatalogueViewer - humanCatalogueViewer - humanCatalogueViewer - humanCatalogueViewer - humanCatalogueViewer - humanCatalogueViewer - humanCatalogueViewer - humanCatalogueViewer - humanCatalogueViewer - humanCatalogueViewer - humanCatalogueViewer - humanCatalogueViewer - humanCatalogueViewer - humanCatalogueViewer - humanCatalogueViewer - - - humanGeographicViewer - humanGeographicViewer - humanGeographicViewer - humanGeographicViewer - humanGeographicViewer - humanGeographicViewer - humanGeographicViewer - humanGeographicViewer - humanGeographicViewer - humanGeographicViewer - humanGeographicViewer - humanGeographicViewer - humanGeographicViewer - humanGeographicViewer - humanGeographicViewer - humanGeographicViewer - humanGeographicViewer - humanGeographicViewer - humanGeographicViewer - humanGeographicViewer - humanGeographicViewer - humanGeographicViewer - - - humanGeographicSpreadsheetViewer - humanGeographicSpreadsheetViewer - humanGeographicSpreadsheetViewer - humanGeographicSpreadsheetViewer - humanGeographicSpreadsheetViewer - humanGeographicSpreadsheetViewer - humanGeographicSpreadsheetViewer - humanGeographicSpreadsheetViewer - humanGeographicSpreadsheetViewer - humanGeographicSpreadsheetViewer - humanGeographicSpreadsheetViewer - humanGeographicSpreadsheetViewer - humanGeographicSpreadsheetViewer - humanGeographicSpreadsheetViewer - humanGeographicSpreadsheetViewer - humanGeographicSpreadsheetViewer - humanGeographicSpreadsheetViewer - humanGeographicSpreadsheetViewer - humanGeographicSpreadsheetViewer - humanGeographicSpreadsheetViewer - humanGeographicSpreadsheetViewer - humanGeographicSpreadsheetViewer - - - humanServiceEditor - humanServiceEditor - humanServiceEditor - humanServiceEditor - humanServiceEditor - humanServiceEditor - humanServiceEditor - humanServiceEditor - humanServiceEditor - humanServiceEditor - humanServiceEditor - humanServiceEditor - humanServiceEditor - humanServiceEditor - humanServiceEditor - humanServiceEditor - humanServiceEditor - humanServiceEditor - humanServiceEditor - humanServiceEditor - humanServiceEditor - humanServiceEditor - - - humanChainDefinitionEditor - humanChainDefinitionEditor - humanChainDefinitionEditor - humanChainDefinitionEditor - humanChainDefinitionEditor - humanChainDefinitionEditor - humanChainDefinitionEditor - humanChainDefinitionEditor - humanChainDefinitionEditor - humanChainDefinitionEditor - humanChainDefinitionEditor - humanChainDefinitionEditor - humanChainDefinitionEditor - humanChainDefinitionEditor - humanChainDefinitionEditor - humanChainDefinitionEditor - humanChainDefinitionEditor - humanChainDefinitionEditor - humanChainDefinitionEditor - humanChainDefinitionEditor - humanChainDefinitionEditor - humanChainDefinitionEditor - - - humanWorkflowEnactmentManager - humanWorkflowEnactmentManager - humanWorkflowEnactmentManager - humanWorkflowEnactmentManager - humanWorkflowEnactmentManager - humanWorkflowEnactmentManager - humanWorkflowEnactmentManager - humanWorkflowEnactmentManager - humanWorkflowEnactmentManager - humanWorkflowEnactmentManager - humanWorkflowEnactmentManager - humanWorkflowEnactmentManager - humanWorkflowEnactmentManager - humanWorkflowEnactmentManager - humanWorkflowEnactmentManager - humanWorkflowEnactmentManager - humanWorkflowEnactmentManager - humanWorkflowEnactmentManager - humanWorkflowEnactmentManager - humanWorkflowEnactmentManager - humanWorkflowEnactmentManager - humanWorkflowEnactmentManager - - - humanGeographicFeatureEditor - humanGeographicFeatureEditor - humanGeographicFeatureEditor - humanGeographicFeatureEditor - humanGeographicFeatureEditor - humanGeographicFeatureEditor - humanGeographicFeatureEditor - humanGeographicFeatureEditor - humanGeographicFeatureEditor - humanGeographicFeatureEditor - humanGeographicFeatureEditor - humanGeographicFeatureEditor - humanGeographicFeatureEditor - humanGeographicFeatureEditor - humanGeographicFeatureEditor - humanGeographicFeatureEditor - humanGeographicFeatureEditor - humanGeographicFeatureEditor - humanGeographicFeatureEditor - humanGeographicFeatureEditor - humanGeographicFeatureEditor - humanGeographicFeatureEditor - - - humanGeographicSymbolEditor - humanGeographicSymbolEditor - humanGeographicSymbolEditor - humanGeographicSymbolEditor - humanGeographicSymbolEditor - humanGeographicSymbolEditor - humanGeographicSymbolEditor - humanGeographicSymbolEditor - humanGeographicSymbolEditor - humanGeographicSymbolEditor - humanGeographicSymbolEditor - humanGeographicSymbolEditor - humanGeographicSymbolEditor - humanGeographicSymbolEditor - humanGeographicSymbolEditor - humanGeographicSymbolEditor - humanGeographicSymbolEditor - humanGeographicSymbolEditor - humanGeographicSymbolEditor - humanGeographicSymbolEditor - humanGeographicSymbolEditor - humanGeographicSymbolEditor - - - humanFeatureGeneralizationEditor - humanFeatureGeneralizationEditor - humanFeatureGeneralizationEditor - humanFeatureGeneralizationEditor - humanFeatureGeneralizationEditor - humanFeatureGeneralizationEditor - humanFeatureGeneralizationEditor - humanFeatureGeneralizationEditor - humanFeatureGeneralizationEditor - humanFeatureGeneralizationEditor - humanFeatureGeneralizationEditor - humanFeatureGeneralizationEditor - humanFeatureGeneralizationEditor - humanFeatureGeneralizationEditor - humanFeatureGeneralizationEditor - humanFeatureGeneralizationEditor - humanFeatureGeneralizationEditor - humanFeatureGeneralizationEditor - humanFeatureGeneralizationEditor - humanFeatureGeneralizationEditor - humanFeatureGeneralizationEditor - humanFeatureGeneralizationEditor - - - humanGeographicDataStructureViewer - humanGeographicDataStructureViewer - humanGeographicDataStructureViewer - humanGeographicDataStructureViewer - humanGeographicDataStructureViewer - humanGeographicDataStructureViewer - humanGeographicDataStructureViewer - humanGeographicDataStructureViewer - humanGeographicDataStructureViewer - humanGeographicDataStructureViewer - humanGeographicDataStructureViewer - humanGeographicDataStructureViewer - humanGeographicDataStructureViewer - humanGeographicDataStructureViewer - humanGeographicDataStructureViewer - humanGeographicDataStructureViewer - humanGeographicDataStructureViewer - humanGeographicDataStructureViewer - humanGeographicDataStructureViewer - humanGeographicDataStructureViewer - humanGeographicDataStructureViewer - humanGeographicDataStructureViewer - - - infoManagementService - infoManagementService - infoManagementService - infoManagementService - infoManagementService - infoManagementService - infoManagementService - infoManagementService - infoManagementService - infoManagementService - infoManagementService - infoManagementService - infoManagementService - infoManagementService - infoManagementService - infoManagementService - infoManagementService - infoManagementService - infoManagementService - infoManagementService - infoManagementService - infoManagementService - - - infoFeatureAccessService - infoFeatureAccessService - infoFeatureAccessService - infoFeatureAccessService - infoFeatureAccessService - infoFeatureAccessService - infoFeatureAccessService - infoFeatureAccessService - infoFeatureAccessService - infoFeatureAccessService - infoFeatureAccessService - infoFeatureAccessService - infoFeatureAccessService - infoFeatureAccessService - infoFeatureAccessService - infoFeatureAccessService - infoFeatureAccessService - infoFeatureAccessService - infoFeatureAccessService - infoFeatureAccessService - infoFeatureAccessService - infoFeatureAccessService - - - infoMapAccessService - infoMapAccessService - infoMapAccessService - infoMapAccessService - infoMapAccessService - infoMapAccessService - infoMapAccessService - infoMapAccessService - infoMapAccessService - infoMapAccessService - infoMapAccessService - infoMapAccessService - infoMapAccessService - infoMapAccessService - infoMapAccessService - infoMapAccessService - infoMapAccessService - infoMapAccessService - infoMapAccessService - infoMapAccessService - infoMapAccessService - infoMapAccessService - - - infoCoverageAccessService - infoCoverageAccessService - infoCoverageAccessService - infoCoverageAccessService - infoCoverageAccessService - infoCoverageAccessService - infoCoverageAccessService - infoCoverageAccessService - infoCoverageAccessService - infoCoverageAccessService - infoCoverageAccessService - infoCoverageAccessService - infoCoverageAccessService - infoCoverageAccessService - infoCoverageAccessService - infoCoverageAccessService - infoCoverageAccessService - infoCoverageAccessService - infoCoverageAccessService - infoCoverageAccessService - infoCoverageAccessService - infoCoverageAccessService - - - infoSensorDescriptionService - infoSensorDescriptionService - infoSensorDescriptionService - infoSensorDescriptionService - infoSensorDescriptionService - infoSensorDescriptionService - infoSensorDescriptionService - infoSensorDescriptionService - infoSensorDescriptionService - infoSensorDescriptionService - infoSensorDescriptionService - infoSensorDescriptionService - infoSensorDescriptionService - infoSensorDescriptionService - infoSensorDescriptionService - infoSensorDescriptionService - infoSensorDescriptionService - infoSensorDescriptionService - infoSensorDescriptionService - infoSensorDescriptionService - infoSensorDescriptionService - infoSensorDescriptionService - - - infoProductAccessService - infoProductAccessService - infoProductAccessService - infoProductAccessService - infoProductAccessService - infoProductAccessService - infoProductAccessService - infoProductAccessService - infoProductAccessService - infoProductAccessService - infoProductAccessService - infoProductAccessService - infoProductAccessService - infoProductAccessService - infoProductAccessService - infoProductAccessService - infoProductAccessService - infoProductAccessService - infoProductAccessService - infoProductAccessService - infoProductAccessService - infoProductAccessService - - - infoFeatureTypeService - infoFeatureTypeService - infoFeatureTypeService - infoFeatureTypeService - infoFeatureTypeService - infoFeatureTypeService - infoFeatureTypeService - infoFeatureTypeService - infoFeatureTypeService - infoFeatureTypeService - infoFeatureTypeService - infoFeatureTypeService - infoFeatureTypeService - infoFeatureTypeService - infoFeatureTypeService - infoFeatureTypeService - infoFeatureTypeService - infoFeatureTypeService - infoFeatureTypeService - infoFeatureTypeService - infoFeatureTypeService - infoFeatureTypeService - - - infoCatalogueService - infoCatalogueService - infoCatalogueService - infoCatalogueService - infoCatalogueService - infoCatalogueService - infoCatalogueService - infoCatalogueService - infoCatalogueService - infoCatalogueService - infoCatalogueService - infoCatalogueService - infoCatalogueService - infoCatalogueService - infoCatalogueService - infoCatalogueService - infoCatalogueService - infoCatalogueService - infoCatalogueService - infoCatalogueService - infoCatalogueService - infoCatalogueService - - - infoRegistryService - infoRegistryService - infoRegistryService - infoRegistryService - infoRegistryService - infoRegistryService - infoRegistryService - infoRegistryService - infoRegistryService - infoRegistryService - infoRegistryService - infoRegistryService - infoRegistryService - infoRegistryService - infoRegistryService - infoRegistryService - infoRegistryService - infoRegistryService - infoRegistryService - infoRegistryService - infoRegistryService - infoRegistryService - - - infoGazetteerService - infoGazetteerService - infoGazetteerService - infoGazetteerService - infoGazetteerService - infoGazetteerService - infoGazetteerService - infoGazetteerService - infoGazetteerService - infoGazetteerService - infoGazetteerService - infoGazetteerService - infoGazetteerService - infoGazetteerService - infoGazetteerService - infoGazetteerService - infoGazetteerService - infoGazetteerService - infoGazetteerService - infoGazetteerService - infoGazetteerService - infoGazetteerService - - - infoOrderHandlingService - infoOrderHandlingService - infoOrderHandlingService - infoOrderHandlingService - infoOrderHandlingService - infoOrderHandlingService - infoOrderHandlingService - infoOrderHandlingService - infoOrderHandlingService - infoOrderHandlingService - infoOrderHandlingService - infoOrderHandlingService - infoOrderHandlingService - infoOrderHandlingService - infoOrderHandlingService - infoOrderHandlingService - infoOrderHandlingService - infoOrderHandlingService - infoOrderHandlingService - infoOrderHandlingService - infoOrderHandlingService - infoOrderHandlingService - - - infoStandingOrderService - infoStandingOrderService - infoStandingOrderService - infoStandingOrderService - infoStandingOrderService - infoStandingOrderService - infoStandingOrderService - infoStandingOrderService - infoStandingOrderService - infoStandingOrderService - infoStandingOrderService - infoStandingOrderService - infoStandingOrderService - infoStandingOrderService - infoStandingOrderService - infoStandingOrderService - infoStandingOrderService - infoStandingOrderService - infoStandingOrderService - infoStandingOrderService - infoStandingOrderService - infoStandingOrderService - - - taskManagementService - taskManagementService - infoCoverageAccessService - infoCoverageAccessService - infoCoverageAccessService - infoCoverageAccessService - infoCoverageAccessService - infoCoverageAccessService - infoCoverageAccessService - infoCoverageAccessService - infoCoverageAccessService - infoCoverageAccessService - infoCoverageAccessService - infoCoverageAccessService - infoCoverageAccessService - infoCoverageAccessService - infoCoverageAccessService - infoCoverageAccessService - infoCoverageAccessService - infoCoverageAccessService - infoCoverageAccessService - infoCoverageAccessService - - - chainDefinitionService - chainDefinitionService - infoCoverageAccessService - infoCoverageAccessService - infoCoverageAccessService - infoCoverageAccessService - infoCoverageAccessService - infoCoverageAccessService - infoCoverageAccessService - infoCoverageAccessService - infoCoverageAccessService - infoCoverageAccessService - infoCoverageAccessService - infoCoverageAccessService - infoCoverageAccessService - infoCoverageAccessService - infoCoverageAccessService - infoCoverageAccessService - infoCoverageAccessService - infoCoverageAccessService - infoCoverageAccessService - infoCoverageAccessService - - - workflowEnactmentService - workflowEnactmentService - workflowEnactmentService - workflowEnactmentService - workflowEnactmentService - workflowEnactmentService - workflowEnactmentService - workflowEnactmentService - workflowEnactmentService - workflowEnactmentService - workflowEnactmentService - workflowEnactmentService - workflowEnactmentService - workflowEnactmentService - workflowEnactmentService - workflowEnactmentService - workflowEnactmentService - workflowEnactmentService - workflowEnactmentService - workflowEnactmentService - workflowEnactmentService - workflowEnactmentService - - - subscriptionService - subscriptionService - subscriptionService - subscriptionService - subscriptionService - subscriptionService - subscriptionService - subscriptionService - subscriptionService - subscriptionService - subscriptionService - subscriptionService - subscriptionService - subscriptionService - subscriptionService - subscriptionService - subscriptionService - subscriptionService - subscriptionService - subscriptionService - subscriptionService - subscriptionService - - - spatialProcessingService - spatialProcessingService - spatialProcessingService - spatialProcessingService - spatialProcessingService - spatialProcessingService - spatialProcessingService - spatialProcessingService - spatialProcessingService - spatialProcessingService - spatialProcessingService - spatialProcessingService - spatialProcessingService - spatialProcessingService - spatialProcessingService - spatialProcessingService - spatialProcessingService - spatialProcessingService - spatialProcessingService - spatialProcessingService - spatialProcessingService - spatialProcessingService - - - spatialCoordinateConversionService - spatialCoordinateConversionService - spatialCoordinateConversionService - spatialCoordinateConversionService - spatialCoordinateConversionService - spatialCoordinateConversionService - spatialCoordinateConversionService - spatialCoordinateConversionService - spatialCoordinateConversionService - spatialCoordinateConversionService - spatialCoordinateConversionService - spatialCoordinateConversionService - spatialCoordinateConversionService - spatialCoordinateConversionService - spatialCoordinateConversionService - spatialCoordinateConversionService - spatialCoordinateConversionService - spatialCoordinateConversionService - spatialCoordinateConversionService - spatialCoordinateConversionService - spatialCoordinateConversionService - spatialCoordinateConversionService - - - spatialCoordinateTransformationService - spatialCoordinateTransformationService - spatialCoordinateTransformationService - spatialCoordinateTransformationService - spatialCoordinateTransformationService - spatialCoordinateTransformationService - spatialCoordinateTransformationService - spatialCoordinateTransformationService - spatialCoordinateTransformationService - spatialCoordinateTransformationService - spatialCoordinateTransformationService - spatialCoordinateTransformationService - spatialCoordinateTransformationService - spatialCoordinateTransformationService - spatialCoordinateTransformationService - spatialCoordinateTransformationService - spatialCoordinateTransformationService - spatialCoordinateTransformationService - spatialCoordinateTransformationService - spatialCoordinateTransformationService - spatialCoordinateTransformationService - spatialCoordinateTransformationService - - - spatialCoverageVectorConversionService - spatialCoverageVectorConversionService - spatialCoverageVectorConversionService - spatialCoverageVectorConversionService - spatialCoverageVectorConversionService - spatialCoverageVectorConversionService - spatialCoverageVectorConversionService - spatialCoverageVectorConversionService - spatialCoverageVectorConversionService - spatialCoverageVectorConversionService - spatialCoverageVectorConversionService - spatialCoverageVectorConversionService - spatialCoverageVectorConversionService - spatialCoverageVectorConversionService - spatialCoverageVectorConversionService - spatialCoverageVectorConversionService - spatialCoverageVectorConversionService - spatialCoverageVectorConversionService - spatialCoverageVectorConversionService - spatialCoverageVectorConversionService - spatialCoverageVectorConversionService - spatialCoverageVectorConversionService - - - spatialImageCoordinateConversionService - spatialImageCoordinateConversionService - spatialImageCoordinateConversionService - spatialImageCoordinateConversionService - spatialImageCoordinateConversionService - spatialImageCoordinateConversionService - spatialImageCoordinateConversionService - spatialImageCoordinateConversionService - spatialImageCoordinateConversionService - spatialImageCoordinateConversionService - spatialImageCoordinateConversionService - spatialImageCoordinateConversionService - spatialImageCoordinateConversionService - spatialImageCoordinateConversionService - spatialImageCoordinateConversionService - spatialImageCoordinateConversionService - spatialImageCoordinateConversionService - spatialImageCoordinateConversionService - spatialImageCoordinateConversionService - spatialImageCoordinateConversionService - spatialImageCoordinateConversionService - spatialImageCoordinateConversionService - - - spatialRectificationService - spatialRectificationService - spatialRectificationService - spatialRectificationService - spatialRectificationService - spatialRectificationService - spatialRectificationService - spatialRectificationService - spatialRectificationService - spatialRectificationService - spatialRectificationService - spatialRectificationService - spatialRectificationService - spatialRectificationService - spatialRectificationService - spatialRectificationService - spatialRectificationService - spatialRectificationService - spatialRectificationService - spatialRectificationService - spatialRectificationService - spatialRectificationService - - - spatialOrthorectificationService - spatialOrthorectificationService - spatialOrthorectificationService - spatialOrthorectificationService - spatialOrthorectificationService - spatialOrthorectificationService - spatialOrthorectificationService - spatialOrthorectificationService - spatialOrthorectificationService - spatialOrthorectificationService - spatialOrthorectificationService - spatialOrthorectificationService - spatialOrthorectificationService - spatialOrthorectificationService - spatialOrthorectificationService - spatialOrthorectificationService - spatialOrthorectificationService - spatialOrthorectificationService - spatialOrthorectificationService - spatialOrthorectificationService - spatialOrthorectificationService - spatialOrthorectificationService - - - spatialSensorGeometryModelAdjustmentService - spatialSensorGeometryModelAdjustmentService - spatialSensorGeometryModelAdjustmentService - spatialSensorGeometryModelAdjustmentService - spatialSensorGeometryModelAdjustmentService - spatialSensorGeometryModelAdjustmentService - spatialSensorGeometryModelAdjustmentService - spatialSensorGeometryModelAdjustmentService - spatialSensorGeometryModelAdjustmentService - spatialSensorGeometryModelAdjustmentService - spatialSensorGeometryModelAdjustmentService - spatialSensorGeometryModelAdjustmentService - spatialSensorGeometryModelAdjustmentService - spatialSensorGeometryModelAdjustmentService - spatialSensorGeometryModelAdjustmentService - spatialSensorGeometryModelAdjustmentService - spatialSensorGeometryModelAdjustmentService - spatialSensorGeometryModelAdjustmentService - spatialSensorGeometryModelAdjustmentService - spatialSensorGeometryModelAdjustmentService - spatialSensorGeometryModelAdjustmentService - spatialSensorGeometryModelAdjustmentService - - - spatialImageGeometryModelConversionService - spatialImageGeometryModelConversionService - spatialImageGeometryModelConversionService - spatialImageGeometryModelConversionService - spatialImageGeometryModelConversionService - spatialImageGeometryModelConversionService - spatialImageGeometryModelConversionService - spatialImageGeometryModelConversionService - spatialImageGeometryModelConversionService - spatialImageGeometryModelConversionService - spatialImageGeometryModelConversionService - spatialImageGeometryModelConversionService - spatialImageGeometryModelConversionService - spatialImageGeometryModelConversionService - spatialImageGeometryModelConversionService - spatialImageGeometryModelConversionService - spatialImageGeometryModelConversionService - spatialImageGeometryModelConversionService - spatialImageGeometryModelConversionService - spatialImageGeometryModelConversionService - spatialImageGeometryModelConversionService - spatialImageGeometryModelConversionService - - - spatialSubsettingService - spatialSubsettingService - spatialSubsettingService - spatialSubsettingService - spatialSubsettingService - spatialSubsettingService - spatialSubsettingService - spatialSubsettingService - spatialSubsettingService - spatialSubsettingService - spatialSubsettingService - spatialSubsettingService - spatialSubsettingService - spatialSubsettingService - spatialSubsettingService - spatialSubsettingService - spatialSubsettingService - spatialSubsettingService - spatialSubsettingService - spatialSubsettingService - spatialSubsettingService - spatialSubsettingService - - - spatialSamplingService - spatialSamplingService - spatialSamplingService - spatialSamplingService - spatialSamplingService - spatialSamplingService - spatialSamplingService - spatialSamplingService - spatialSamplingService - spatialSamplingService - spatialSamplingService - spatialSamplingService - spatialSamplingService - spatialSamplingService - spatialSamplingService - spatialSamplingService - spatialSamplingService - spatialSamplingService - spatialSamplingService - spatialSamplingService - spatialSamplingService - spatialSamplingService - - - spatialTilingChangeService - spatialTilingChangeService - spatialTilingChangeService - spatialTilingChangeService - spatialTilingChangeService - spatialTilingChangeService - spatialTilingChangeService - spatialTilingChangeService - spatialTilingChangeService - spatialTilingChangeService - spatialTilingChangeService - spatialTilingChangeService - spatialTilingChangeService - spatialTilingChangeService - spatialTilingChangeService - spatialTilingChangeService - spatialTilingChangeService - spatialTilingChangeService - spatialTilingChangeService - spatialTilingChangeService - spatialTilingChangeService - spatialTilingChangeService - - - spatialDimensionMeasurementService - spatialDimensionMeasurementService - spatialDimensionMeasurementService - spatialDimensionMeasurementService - spatialDimensionMeasurementService - spatialDimensionMeasurementService - spatialDimensionMeasurementService - spatialDimensionMeasurementService - spatialDimensionMeasurementService - spatialDimensionMeasurementService - spatialDimensionMeasurementService - spatialDimensionMeasurementService - spatialDimensionMeasurementService - spatialDimensionMeasurementService - spatialDimensionMeasurementService - spatialDimensionMeasurementService - spatialDimensionMeasurementService - spatialDimensionMeasurementService - spatialDimensionMeasurementService - spatialDimensionMeasurementService - spatialDimensionMeasurementService - spatialDimensionMeasurementService - - - spatialFeatureManipulationService - spatialFeatureManipulationService - spatialFeatureManipulationService - spatialFeatureManipulationService - spatialFeatureManipulationService - spatialFeatureManipulationService - spatialFeatureManipulationService - spatialFeatureManipulationService - spatialFeatureManipulationService - spatialFeatureManipulationService - spatialFeatureManipulationService - spatialFeatureManipulationService - spatialFeatureManipulationService - spatialFeatureManipulationService - spatialFeatureManipulationService - spatialFeatureManipulationService - spatialFeatureManipulationService - spatialFeatureManipulationService - spatialFeatureManipulationService - spatialFeatureManipulationService - spatialFeatureManipulationService - spatialFeatureManipulationService - - - spatialFeatureMatchingService - spatialFeatureMatchingService - spatialFeatureMatchingService - spatialFeatureMatchingService - spatialFeatureMatchingService - spatialFeatureMatchingService - spatialFeatureMatchingService - spatialFeatureMatchingService - spatialFeatureMatchingService - spatialFeatureMatchingService - spatialFeatureMatchingService - spatialFeatureMatchingService - spatialFeatureMatchingService - spatialFeatureMatchingService - spatialFeatureMatchingService - spatialFeatureMatchingService - spatialFeatureMatchingService - spatialFeatureMatchingService - spatialFeatureMatchingService - spatialFeatureMatchingService - spatialFeatureMatchingService - spatialFeatureMatchingService - - - spatialFeatureGeneralizationService - spatialFeatureGeneralizationService - spatialFeatureGeneralizationService - spatialFeatureGeneralizationService - spatialFeatureGeneralizationService - spatialFeatureGeneralizationService - spatialFeatureGeneralizationService - spatialFeatureGeneralizationService - spatialFeatureGeneralizationService - spatialFeatureGeneralizationService - spatialFeatureGeneralizationService - spatialFeatureGeneralizationService - spatialFeatureGeneralizationService - spatialFeatureGeneralizationService - spatialFeatureGeneralizationService - spatialFeatureGeneralizationService - spatialFeatureGeneralizationService - spatialFeatureGeneralizationService - spatialFeatureGeneralizationService - spatialFeatureGeneralizationService - spatialFeatureGeneralizationService - spatialFeatureGeneralizationService - - - spatialRouteDeterminationService - spatialRouteDeterminationService - spatialRouteDeterminationService - spatialRouteDeterminationService - spatialRouteDeterminationService - spatialRouteDeterminationService - spatialRouteDeterminationService - spatialRouteDeterminationService - spatialRouteDeterminationService - spatialRouteDeterminationService - spatialRouteDeterminationService - spatialRouteDeterminationService - spatialRouteDeterminationService - spatialRouteDeterminationService - spatialRouteDeterminationService - spatialRouteDeterminationService - spatialRouteDeterminationService - spatialRouteDeterminationService - spatialRouteDeterminationService - spatialRouteDeterminationService - spatialRouteDeterminationService - spatialRouteDeterminationService - - - spatialPositioningService - spatialPositioningService - spatialPositioningService - spatialPositioningService - spatialPositioningService - spatialPositioningService - spatialPositioningService - spatialPositioningService - spatialPositioningService - spatialPositioningService - spatialPositioningService - spatialPositioningService - spatialPositioningService - spatialPositioningService - spatialPositioningService - spatialPositioningService - spatialPositioningService - spatialPositioningService - spatialPositioningService - spatialPositioningService - spatialPositioningService - spatialPositioningService - - - spatialProximityAnalysisService - spatialProximityAnalysisService - spatialProximityAnalysisService - spatialProximityAnalysisService - spatialProximityAnalysisService - spatialProximityAnalysisService - spatialProximityAnalysisService - spatialProximityAnalysisService - spatialProximityAnalysisService - spatialProximityAnalysisService - spatialProximityAnalysisService - spatialProximityAnalysisService - spatialProximityAnalysisService - spatialProximityAnalysisService - spatialProximityAnalysisService - spatialProximityAnalysisService - spatialProximityAnalysisService - spatialProximityAnalysisService - spatialProximityAnalysisService - spatialProximityAnalysisService - spatialProximityAnalysisService - spatialProximityAnalysisService - - - thematicProcessingService - thematicProcessingService - thematicProcessingService - thematicProcessingService - thematicProcessingService - thematicProcessingService - thematicProcessingService - thematicProcessingService - thematicProcessingService - thematicProcessingService - thematicProcessingService - thematicProcessingService - thematicProcessingService - thematicProcessingService - thematicProcessingService - thematicProcessingService - thematicProcessingService - thematicProcessingService - thematicProcessingService - thematicProcessingService - thematicProcessingService - thematicProcessingService - - - thematicGoparameterCalculationService - thematicGoparameterCalculationService - thematicGoparameterCalculationService - thematicGoparameterCalculationService - thematicGoparameterCalculationService - thematicGoparameterCalculationService - thematicGoparameterCalculationService - thematicGoparameterCalculationService - thematicGoparameterCalculationService - thematicGoparameterCalculationService - thematicGoparameterCalculationService - thematicGoparameterCalculationService - thematicGoparameterCalculationService - thematicGoparameterCalculationService - thematicGoparameterCalculationService - thematicGoparameterCalculationService - thematicGoparameterCalculationService - thematicGoparameterCalculationService - thematicGoparameterCalculationService - thematicGoparameterCalculationService - thematicGoparameterCalculationService - thematicGoparameterCalculationService - - - thematicClassificationService - thematicClassificationService - thematicClassificationService - thematicClassificationService - thematicClassificationService - thematicClassificationService - thematicClassificationService - thematicClassificationService - thematicClassificationService - thematicClassificationService - thematicClassificationService - thematicClassificationService - thematicClassificationService - thematicClassificationService - thematicClassificationService - thematicClassificationService - thematicClassificationService - thematicClassificationService - thematicClassificationService - thematicClassificationService - thematicClassificationService - thematicClassificationService - - - thematicFeatureGeneralizationService - thematicFeatureGeneralizationService - thematicFeatureGeneralizationService - thematicFeatureGeneralizationService - thematicFeatureGeneralizationService - thematicFeatureGeneralizationService - thematicFeatureGeneralizationService - thematicFeatureGeneralizationService - thematicFeatureGeneralizationService - thematicFeatureGeneralizationService - thematicFeatureGeneralizationService - thematicFeatureGeneralizationService - thematicFeatureGeneralizationService - thematicFeatureGeneralizationService - thematicFeatureGeneralizationService - thematicFeatureGeneralizationService - thematicFeatureGeneralizationService - thematicFeatureGeneralizationService - thematicFeatureGeneralizationService - thematicFeatureGeneralizationService - thematicFeatureGeneralizationService - thematicFeatureGeneralizationService - - - thematicSubsettingService - thematicSubsettingService - thematicSubsettingService - thematicSubsettingService - thematicSubsettingService - thematicSubsettingService - thematicSubsettingService - thematicSubsettingService - thematicSubsettingService - thematicSubsettingService - thematicSubsettingService - thematicSubsettingService - thematicSubsettingService - thematicSubsettingService - thematicSubsettingService - thematicSubsettingService - thematicSubsettingService - thematicSubsettingService - thematicSubsettingService - thematicSubsettingService - thematicSubsettingService - thematicSubsettingService - - - thematicSpatialCountingService - thematicSpatialCountingService - thematicSpatialCountingService - thematicSpatialCountingService - thematicSpatialCountingService - thematicSpatialCountingService - thematicSpatialCountingService - thematicSpatialCountingService - thematicSpatialCountingService - thematicSpatialCountingService - thematicSpatialCountingService - thematicSpatialCountingService - thematicSpatialCountingService - thematicSpatialCountingService - thematicSpatialCountingService - thematicSpatialCountingService - thematicSpatialCountingService - thematicSpatialCountingService - thematicSpatialCountingService - thematicSpatialCountingService - thematicSpatialCountingService - thematicSpatialCountingService - - - thematicChangeDetectionService - thematicChangeDetectionService - thematicChangeDetectionService - thematicChangeDetectionService - thematicChangeDetectionService - thematicChangeDetectionService - thematicChangeDetectionService - thematicChangeDetectionService - thematicChangeDetectionService - thematicChangeDetectionService - thematicChangeDetectionService - thematicChangeDetectionService - thematicChangeDetectionService - thematicChangeDetectionService - thematicChangeDetectionService - thematicChangeDetectionService - thematicChangeDetectionService - thematicChangeDetectionService - thematicChangeDetectionService - thematicChangeDetectionService - thematicChangeDetectionService - thematicChangeDetectionService - - - thematicGeographicInformationExtractionService - thematicGeographicInformationExtractionService - thematicGeographicInformationExtractionService - thematicGeographicInformationExtractionService - thematicGeographicInformationExtractionService - thematicGeographicInformationExtractionService - thematicGeographicInformationExtractionService - thematicGeographicInformationExtractionService - thematicGeographicInformationExtractionService - thematicGeographicInformationExtractionService - thematicGeographicInformationExtractionService - thematicGeographicInformationExtractionService - thematicGeographicInformationExtractionService - thematicGeographicInformationExtractionService - thematicGeographicInformationExtractionService - thematicGeographicInformationExtractionService - thematicGeographicInformationExtractionService - thematicGeographicInformationExtractionService - thematicGeographicInformationExtractionService - thematicGeographicInformationExtractionService - thematicGeographicInformationExtractionService - thematicGeographicInformationExtractionService - - - thematicImageProcessingService - thematicImageProcessingService - thematicImageProcessingService - thematicImageProcessingService - thematicImageProcessingService - thematicImageProcessingService - thematicImageProcessingService - thematicImageProcessingService - thematicImageProcessingService - thematicImageProcessingService - thematicImageProcessingService - thematicImageProcessingService - thematicImageProcessingService - thematicImageProcessingService - thematicImageProcessingService - thematicImageProcessingService - thematicImageProcessingService - thematicImageProcessingService - thematicImageProcessingService - thematicImageProcessingService - thematicImageProcessingService - thematicImageProcessingService - - - thematicReducedResolutionGenerationService - thematicReducedResolutionGenerationService - thematicReducedResolutionGenerationService - thematicReducedResolutionGenerationService - thematicReducedResolutionGenerationService - thematicReducedResolutionGenerationService - thematicReducedResolutionGenerationService - thematicReducedResolutionGenerationService - thematicReducedResolutionGenerationService - thematicReducedResolutionGenerationService - thematicReducedResolutionGenerationService - thematicReducedResolutionGenerationService - thematicReducedResolutionGenerationService - thematicReducedResolutionGenerationService - thematicReducedResolutionGenerationService - thematicReducedResolutionGenerationService - thematicReducedResolutionGenerationService - thematicReducedResolutionGenerationService - thematicReducedResolutionGenerationService - thematicReducedResolutionGenerationService - thematicReducedResolutionGenerationService - thematicReducedResolutionGenerationService - - - thematicImageManipulationService - thematicImageManipulationService - thematicImageManipulationService - thematicImageManipulationService - thematicImageManipulationService - thematicImageManipulationService - thematicImageManipulationService - thematicImageManipulationService - thematicImageManipulationService - thematicImageManipulationService - thematicImageManipulationService - thematicImageManipulationService - thematicImageManipulationService - thematicImageManipulationService - thematicImageManipulationService - thematicImageManipulationService - thematicImageManipulationService - thematicImageManipulationService - thematicImageManipulationService - thematicImageManipulationService - thematicImageManipulationService - thematicImageManipulationService - - - thematicImageUnderstandingService - thematicImageUnderstandingService - thematicImageUnderstandingService - thematicImageUnderstandingService - thematicImageUnderstandingService - thematicImageUnderstandingService - thematicImageUnderstandingService - thematicImageUnderstandingService - thematicImageUnderstandingService - thematicImageUnderstandingService - thematicImageUnderstandingService - thematicImageUnderstandingService - thematicImageUnderstandingService - thematicImageUnderstandingService - thematicImageUnderstandingService - thematicImageUnderstandingService - thematicImageUnderstandingService - thematicImageUnderstandingService - thematicImageUnderstandingService - thematicImageUnderstandingService - thematicImageUnderstandingService - thematicImageUnderstandingService - - - thematicImageSynthesisService - thematicImageSynthesisService - thematicImageSynthesisService - thematicImageSynthesisService - thematicImageSynthesisService - thematicImageSynthesisService - thematicImageSynthesisService - thematicImageSynthesisService - thematicImageSynthesisService - thematicImageSynthesisService - thematicImageSynthesisService - thematicImageSynthesisService - thematicImageSynthesisService - thematicImageSynthesisService - thematicImageSynthesisService - thematicImageSynthesisService - thematicImageSynthesisService - thematicImageSynthesisService - thematicImageSynthesisService - thematicImageSynthesisService - thematicImageSynthesisService - thematicImageSynthesisService - - - thematicMultibandImageManipulationService - thematicMultibandImageManipulationService - thematicMultibandImageManipulationService - thematicMultibandImageManipulationService - thematicMultibandImageManipulationService - thematicMultibandImageManipulationService - thematicMultibandImageManipulationService - thematicMultibandImageManipulationService - thematicMultibandImageManipulationService - thematicMultibandImageManipulationService - thematicMultibandImageManipulationService - thematicMultibandImageManipulationService - thematicMultibandImageManipulationService - thematicMultibandImageManipulationService - thematicMultibandImageManipulationService - thematicMultibandImageManipulationService - thematicMultibandImageManipulationService - thematicMultibandImageManipulationService - thematicMultibandImageManipulationService - thematicMultibandImageManipulationService - thematicMultibandImageManipulationService - thematicMultibandImageManipulationService - - - thematicObjectDetectionService - thematicObjectDetectionService - thematicObjectDetectionService - thematicObjectDetectionService - thematicObjectDetectionService - thematicObjectDetectionService - thematicObjectDetectionService - thematicObjectDetectionService - thematicObjectDetectionService - thematicObjectDetectionService - thematicObjectDetectionService - thematicObjectDetectionService - thematicObjectDetectionService - thematicObjectDetectionService - thematicObjectDetectionService - thematicObjectDetectionService - thematicObjectDetectionService - thematicObjectDetectionService - thematicObjectDetectionService - thematicObjectDetectionService - thematicObjectDetectionService - thematicObjectDetectionService - - - thematicGeoparsingService - thematicGeoparsingService - thematicGeoparsingService - thematicGeoparsingService - thematicGeoparsingService - thematicGeoparsingService - thematicGeoparsingService - thematicGeoparsingService - thematicGeoparsingService - thematicGeoparsingService - thematicGeoparsingService - thematicGeoparsingService - thematicGeoparsingService - thematicGeoparsingService - thematicGeoparsingService - thematicGeoparsingService - thematicGeoparsingService - thematicGeoparsingService - thematicGeoparsingService - thematicGeoparsingService - thematicGeoparsingService - thematicGeoparsingService - - - thematicGeocodingService - thematicGeocodingService - thematicGeocodingService - thematicGeocodingService - thematicGeocodingService - thematicGeocodingService - thematicGeocodingService - thematicGeocodingService - thematicGeocodingService - thematicGeocodingService - thematicGeocodingService - thematicGeocodingService - thematicGeocodingService - thematicGeocodingService - thematicGeocodingService - thematicGeocodingService - thematicGeocodingService - thematicGeocodingService - thematicGeocodingService - thematicGeocodingService - thematicGeocodingService - thematicGeocodingService - - - temporalProcessingService - temporalProcessingService - temporalProcessingService - temporalProcessingService - temporalProcessingService - temporalProcessingService - temporalProcessingService - temporalProcessingService - temporalProcessingService - temporalProcessingService - temporalProcessingService - temporalProcessingService - temporalProcessingService - temporalProcessingService - temporalProcessingService - temporalProcessingService - temporalProcessingService - temporalProcessingService - temporalProcessingService - temporalProcessingService - temporalProcessingService - temporalProcessingService - - - temporalReferenceSystemTransformationService - temporalReferenceSystemTransformationService - temporalReferenceSystemTransformationService - temporalReferenceSystemTransformationService - temporalReferenceSystemTransformationService - temporalReferenceSystemTransformationService - temporalReferenceSystemTransformationService - temporalReferenceSystemTransformationService - temporalReferenceSystemTransformationService - temporalReferenceSystemTransformationService - temporalReferenceSystemTransformationService - temporalReferenceSystemTransformationService - temporalReferenceSystemTransformationService - temporalReferenceSystemTransformationService - temporalReferenceSystemTransformationService - temporalReferenceSystemTransformationService - temporalReferenceSystemTransformationService - temporalReferenceSystemTransformationService - temporalReferenceSystemTransformationService - temporalReferenceSystemTransformationService - temporalReferenceSystemTransformationService - temporalReferenceSystemTransformationService - - - temporalSubsettingService - temporalSubsettingService - temporalSubsettingService - temporalSubsettingService - temporalSubsettingService - temporalSubsettingService - temporalSubsettingService - temporalSubsettingService - temporalSubsettingService - temporalSubsettingService - temporalSubsettingService - temporalSubsettingService - temporalSubsettingService - temporalSubsettingService - temporalSubsettingService - temporalSubsettingService - temporalSubsettingService - temporalSubsettingService - temporalSubsettingService - temporalSubsettingService - temporalSubsettingService - temporalSubsettingService - - - temporalSamplingService - temporalSamplingService - temporalSamplingService - temporalSamplingService - temporalSamplingService - temporalSamplingService - temporalSamplingService - temporalSamplingService - temporalSamplingService - temporalSamplingService - temporalSamplingService - temporalSamplingService - temporalSamplingService - temporalSamplingService - temporalSamplingService - temporalSamplingService - temporalSamplingService - temporalSamplingService - temporalSamplingService - temporalSamplingService - temporalSamplingService - temporalSamplingService - - - temporalProximityAnalysisService - temporalProximityAnalysisService - temporalProximityAnalysisService - temporalProximityAnalysisService - temporalProximityAnalysisService - temporalProximityAnalysisService - temporalProximityAnalysisService - temporalProximityAnalysisService - temporalProximityAnalysisService - temporalProximityAnalysisService - temporalProximityAnalysisService - temporalProximityAnalysisService - temporalProximityAnalysisService - temporalProximityAnalysisService - temporalProximityAnalysisService - temporalProximityAnalysisService - temporalProximityAnalysisService - temporalProximityAnalysisService - temporalProximityAnalysisService - temporalProximityAnalysisService - temporalProximityAnalysisService - temporalProximityAnalysisService - - - metadataProcessingService - metadataProcessingService - metadataProcessingService - metadataProcessingService - metadataProcessingService - metadataProcessingService - metadataProcessingService - metadataProcessingService - metadataProcessingService - metadataProcessingService - metadataProcessingService - metadataProcessingService - metadataProcessingService - metadataProcessingService - metadataProcessingService - metadataProcessingService - metadataProcessingService - metadataProcessingService - metadataProcessingService - metadataProcessingService - metadataProcessingService - metadataProcessingService - - - metadataStatisticalCalculationService - metadataStatisticalCalculationService - metadataStatisticalCalculationService - metadataStatisticalCalculationService - metadataStatisticalCalculationService - metadataStatisticalCalculationService - metadataStatisticalCalculationService - metadataStatisticalCalculationService - metadataStatisticalCalculationService - metadataStatisticalCalculationService - metadataStatisticalCalculationService - metadataStatisticalCalculationService - metadataStatisticalCalculationService - metadataStatisticalCalculationService - metadataStatisticalCalculationService - metadataStatisticalCalculationService - metadataStatisticalCalculationService - metadataStatisticalCalculationService - metadataStatisticalCalculationService - metadataStatisticalCalculationService - metadataStatisticalCalculationService - metadataStatisticalCalculationService - - - metadataGeographicAnnotationService - metadataGeographicAnnotationService - metadataGeographicAnnotationService - metadataGeographicAnnotationService - metadataGeographicAnnotationService - metadataGeographicAnnotationService - metadataGeographicAnnotationService - metadataGeographicAnnotationService - metadataGeographicAnnotationService - metadataGeographicAnnotationService - metadataGeographicAnnotationService - metadataGeographicAnnotationService - metadataGeographicAnnotationService - metadataGeographicAnnotationService - metadataGeographicAnnotationService - metadataGeographicAnnotationService - metadataGeographicAnnotationService - metadataGeographicAnnotationService - metadataGeographicAnnotationService - metadataGeographicAnnotationService - metadataGeographicAnnotationService - metadataGeographicAnnotationService - - - comService - comService - comService - comService - comService - comService - comService - comService - comService - comService - comService - comService - comService - comService - comService - comService - comService - comService - comService - comService - comService - comService - - - comEncodingService - comEncodingService - comEncodingService - comEncodingService - comEncodingService - comEncodingService - comEncodingService - comEncodingService - comEncodingService - comEncodingService - comEncodingService - comEncodingService - comEncodingService - comEncodingService - comEncodingService - comEncodingService - comEncodingService - comEncodingService - comEncodingService - comEncodingService - comEncodingService - comEncodingService - - - comTransferService - comTransferService - comTransferService - comTransferService - comTransferService - comTransferService - comTransferService - comTransferService - comTransferService - comTransferService - comTransferService - comTransferService - comTransferService - comTransferService - comTransferService - comTransferService - comTransferService - comTransferService - comTransferService - comTransferService - comTransferService - comTransferService - - - comGeographicCompressionService - comGeographicCompressionService - comGeographicCompressionService - comGeographicCompressionService - comGeographicCompressionService - comGeographicCompressionService - comGeographicCompressionService - comGeographicCompressionService - comGeographicCompressionService - comGeographicCompressionService - comGeographicCompressionService - comGeographicCompressionService - comGeographicCompressionService - comGeographicCompressionService - comGeographicCompressionService - comGeographicCompressionService - comGeographicCompressionService - comGeographicCompressionService - comGeographicCompressionService - comGeographicCompressionService - comGeographicCompressionService - comGeographicCompressionService - - - comGeographicFormatConversionService - comGeographicFormatConversionService - comGeographicFormatConversionService - comGeographicFormatConversionService - comGeographicFormatConversionService - comGeographicFormatConversionService - comGeographicFormatConversionService - comGeographicFormatConversionService - comGeographicFormatConversionService - comGeographicFormatConversionService - comGeographicFormatConversionService - comGeographicFormatConversionService - comGeographicFormatConversionService - comGeographicFormatConversionService - comGeographicFormatConversionService - comGeographicFormatConversionService - comGeographicFormatConversionService - comGeographicFormatConversionService - comGeographicFormatConversionService - comGeographicFormatConversionService - comGeographicFormatConversionService - comGeographicFormatConversionService - - - comMessagingService - comMessagingService - comMessagingService - comMessagingService - comMessagingService - comMessagingService - comMessagingService - comMessagingService - comMessagingService - comMessagingService - comMessagingService - comMessagingService - comMessagingService - comMessagingService - comMessagingService - comMessagingService - comMessagingService - comMessagingService - comMessagingService - comMessagingService - comMessagingService - comMessagingService - - - comRemoteFileAndExecutableManagement - comRemoteFileAndExecutableManagement - comRemoteFileAndExecutableManagement - comRemoteFileAndExecutableManagement - comRemoteFileAndExecutableManagement - comRemoteFileAndExecutableManagement - comRemoteFileAndExecutableManagement - comRemoteFileAndExecutableManagement - comRemoteFileAndExecutableManagement - comRemoteFileAndExecutableManagement - comRemoteFileAndExecutableManagement - comRemoteFileAndExecutableManagement - comRemoteFileAndExecutableManagement - comRemoteFileAndExecutableManagement - comRemoteFileAndExecutableManagement - comRemoteFileAndExecutableManagement - comRemoteFileAndExecutableManagement - comRemoteFileAndExecutableManagement - comRemoteFileAndExecutableManagement - comRemoteFileAndExecutableManagement - comRemoteFileAndExecutableManagement - comRemoteFileAndExecutableManagement - - - diff --git a/thesauri/inspire-theme.rdf b/thesauri/inspire-theme.rdf deleted file mode 100644 index 0188d68..0000000 --- a/thesauri/inspire-theme.rdf +++ /dev/null @@ -1,1614 +0,0 @@ - - - -GEMET - INSPIRE themes, version 1.0 -INSPIRE themes thesaurus for GeoNetwork opensource. - - -EEA - - -http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/about?langcode=en -http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/about?langcode=en -2008-06-01 -2008-06-01 - - -rs -Referenskoordinatsystem -System för att entydigt lägesbestämma rumslig information i rummet som en uppsättning koordinater (x, y, z) och/ eller som latitud, longitud och höjd, på grundval av ett geodetiskt horisontellt och vertikalt datum. -Referenčni koordinatni sistemi -Súradnicové referenčné systémy -Sistemi za izključno navajanje prostorskih informacij v prostoru v obliki niza koordinat (x, y, z) in/ali širine in dolžine ter višine, ki temeljijo na horizontalnem in vertikalnem geodetskem podatku. -Systémy pre jednotne referenčné priestorové informácie v priestore v podobe množiny súradníc (x, y, z) a/alebo zemepisnej šírky, dĺžky a výšky založených na geodetickom horizontálnom a vertikálnom východzom bode. -Sisteme de coordonate de referinţă -Sisteme de referinţă unică în spaţiu a informaţiilor spaţiale, alcătuite dintr-un set de coordonate (x, y, z) şi/sau latitudine şi longitudine şi altitudine, bazate pe un datum orizontal şi pe unul vertical. -Systemy odniesienia za pomocą współrzędnych -Sistemas para referenciar de forma única a informação geográfica no espaço sob a forma de um conjunto de coordenadas (x, y, z) e/ou latitude e longitude e altitude, com base num datum geodésico horizontal e vertical. -Sistemas de referencia -Systemen voor verwijzing door middel van coördinaten -Systemy dla jednoznacznego przestrzennego odnoszenia informacji przestrzennej za pomocą współrzędnych x, y, z lub za pomocą szerokości, długości lub wysokości na podstawie geodezyjnego poziomego i pionowego układu odniesienia. -Sistemi ta' referenza ta' koordinati -Systemen om aan ruimtelijke informatie een unieke reeks coördinaten (x, y,z) en/of breedte, lengte en hoogte toe te kennen, gebaseerd op een horizontaal en verticaal geodetische datum. -Koordinātu atskaites sistēmas -Sistemi biex issir referenza unika ta' informazzjoni ġeografika fl-ispazju bħala sett ta' koordinati (x,y,z) u/jew latitudni u lonġitudni u altitudni, ibbażati fuq datum ġeodetiku orizzontali u vertikali. -Sistēmas viennozīmīgai telpiskās informācijas atskaišu norādīšanai telpā ar koordinātu kopu (x, y, z) un/vai platumu, garumu un augstumu, izmantojot ģeodēziskos horizontālos un vertikālos datus. -Koordinačių atskaitos sistemos -Sistemi di coordinate -Vienareikšmio erdvinės informacijos nurodymo erdvėje naudojant koordinačių (x, y, z) derinį ir (arba) platumą, ilgumą bei aukštį sistemos, pagrįstos geodezinės horizontaliosios ir vertikaliosios atskaitos duomenimis. -Koordinátarendszerek -Sistemi per referenziare in maniera univoca le informazioni territoriali nello spazio mediante un sistema di coordinate (x, y, z) e/o latitudine e longitudine e quota, sulla base di un dato geodetico orizzontale e verticale. -Olyan rendszerek, amelyek a térinformáció térbeli helyzetét koordinátákkal (x, y, z) és/vagy vízszintes és függőleges geodéziai adatokon alapuló földrajzi szélességgel, hosszúsággal és magassággal adják meg. -Systèmes de référencement unique des informations géographiques dans l'espace sous forme d'une série de coordonnées (x, y, z) et/ou la latitude et la longitude et l'altitude, en se fondant sur un point géodésique horizontal et vertical. -Référentiels de coordonnées -Koordinaattijärjestelmät -Sistemas de coordenadas de referencia -Süsteemid, milles ruumiandmete asukoht ruumis määratakse üheselt koordinaatide hulgaga (x, y, z) ja/või geodeetilisel referents- ja kõrgussüsteemil põhineva laiuse, pikkuse ja kõrgusega. -Koordinaatsüsteemid -Järjestelmät, joissa paikkatietoihin liittyvä sijainti esitetään yksikäsitteisesti koordinaattien (x, y, z) ja/tai maantieteellisten pituus- ja leveysasteiden sekä korkeuden avulla ja jotka perustuvat horisontaalisiin ja vertikaalisiin geodeettisiin vertausjärjestelmiin. -Systems for uniquely referencing spatial information in space as a set of coordinates (x, y, z) and/or latitude and longitude and height, based on a geodetic horizontal and vertical datum. -Coordinate reference systems -Sistemas para referenciar de forma unívoca la información espacial en el espacio como una serie de coordenadas (x, y, z) y/o latitud y longitud y altura, basándose en un punto de referencia geodésico horizontal y vertical. -Συστήματα για μονοσήμαντη αναφορά χωρικών πληροφοριών στον χώρο, ως σύνολο συντεταγμένων (x,y,z) ή/και γεωγραφικό πλάτος και μήκος και ύψος, με βάση γεωδαιτικό οριζόντιο και κατακόρυφο σύστημα αναφοράς (datum). -Συστήματα συντεταγμένων -Koordinatenreferenzsysteme -Координатни справочни системи -Systeme zur eindeutigen räumlichen Referenzierung von Geodaten anhand eines Koordinatensatzes (x, y, z) und/oder Angaben zu Breite, Länge und Höhe auf der Grundlage eines geodätischen horizontalen und vertikalen Datums. -Koordinatsystemer -Souřadnicové referenční systémy -Systemer for entydig rumlig stedfæstelse af geografiske informationer ved hjælp af et sæt koordinater (x, y, z) og/eller længde, bredde og højde, baseret på et horisontalt og vertikalt geodætisk datum. -Systémy umožňující jednoznačné přiřazení polohy prostorovým informacím pomocí souboru souřadnic (x, y, z) nebo zeměpisné šířky, zeměpisné délky a výšky, vycházející z údajů polohových a výškových geodetických systémů. -Системи за пространствена информация, предназначена изключително за справочни цели, представена в пространството с координати (x, y, z) и/или ширина, дължина и височина, на базата на геодезични хоризонтални и вертикални данни. -Sistemes de coordenades de referènciaSistemes per referenciar de manera unívoca la informació espacial en l’espai com una sèrie de coordenades (x, y, z) i/o latitud i longitud i altura, basant-se en un punt de referència geodèsic horitzontal i vertical. - -el -Höjd -Altitude -Modele digitale de elevaţii ale suprafeţelor terestre, de gheaţă sau oceanice. Include altimetria, batimetria şi linia de coastă. -Elevaţie -Digitalni model višin -Digitala höjdmodeller för mark-, is- och havsyta. Inbegriper höjdförhållanden på land, batymetri samt kustlinje. -Digitalni model višin za kopensko, zaledenelo in oceansko površino. Vključuje nadmorske višine, batimetrijo in obalne mreže. -Výška -Digitálne výškové modely zemského povrchu, ľadovcov a hladín oceánov. Patria sem pevninové vyvýšeniny, batymetria a pobrežná čiara. -Modelos digitais de terreno aplicáveis às superfícies terrestre, gelada e oceânica. Inclui a elevação terrestre, a batimetria e a linha costeira. -Digitale hoogtemodellen voor land-, ijs- en oceaanoppervlakken, inclusief landhoogte, bathymetrie en kustlijn. -Ukształtowanie terenu -Hoogte -Cyfrowe modele wysokościowe powierzchni lądu, lodu i oceanu. Obejmuje również wysokość topograficzną terenu, batymetrię oraz linię brzegową. -Mudelli ta' elevazzjoni diġitali għall-art, is-silġ u l-wiċċ ta' l-oċean. Tinkludi l-elevazzjoni ta' l-art, il-batimetrija u l-linja tal-kosta. -Elevazzjoni -Digitāli augstuma modeļi zemes, ledus un jūras virsmai. Tie ietver arī sauszemes reljefu, dziļumu un krasta līniju. -Augstums -Aukštis -Modelli digitali di elevazione per superfici emerse, ghiacci e superfici oceaniche. La voce comprende l’altitudine terrestre, la batimetria e la linea di costa. -Elevazione -Sausumos, ledo ir vandenyno paviršių skaitmeniniai aukščio modeliai. Tai apima sausumos aukštį, batimetriją ir pakrantės liniją. -Digitaaliset maan-, jään- ja merenpintaa kuvaavat korkeusmallit. Sisältää maanpinnan korkeussuhteet, syvyystiedot ja rantaviivan. -Korkeus -Modèles numériques pour l'altitude des surfaces terrestres, glaciaires et océaniques. Comprend l'altitude terrestre, la bathymétrie et la ligne de rivage. -Domborzat -Altitude -Digitális domborzati modellek a szárazföldi, jéggel borított és óceáni felszínre. Ide tartozik a felszíni és víz alatti domborzat és a partvonal. -Υψομετρία -Digital elevation models for land, ice and ocean surface. Includes terrestrial elevation, bathymetry and shoreline. -Elevation -Modelos digitales de elevaciones para las superficies de tierra, hielo y mar. Se incluirán la altimetría, la batimetría y la línea de costa. -Elevaciones -Maa- ja jääpinna ning ookeani põhja digitaalsed reljeefimudelid. Hõlmab maapinna ja veekogude põhja reljeefi ning kaldajooni. -Kõrgused -Höhe -Ψηφιακά υψομετρικά μοντέλα για χερσαίες εκτάσεις, εκτάσεις καλυπτόμενες από πάγους και ωκεανούς. Περιλαμβάνονται, εν προκειμένω, η χερσαία υψομετρία, η βαθυμετρία και οι ακτογραμμές. -Digitale højdemodeller for land, is og havoverflade. Omfatter landhøjder, havdybder og kystlinje. -Højde -Digitale Höhenmodelle für Land-, Eis- und Meeresflächen. Dazu gehören Geländemodell, Tiefenmessung und Küstenlinie. -Цифрови релефни модели за земната, ледената и океанската повърхност. Включва земен релеф, батиметрия и брегова линия. -Nadmořská výška -Релеф -Digitální výškový model pevniny, povrchu ledovců a oceánů. Zahrnuje nadmořské výšky pevnin, vodní hloubky a pobřežní čáru. -ElevacionsModels digitals d’elevacions per a les superfícies de terra, gel i mar. S’inclourà l’altimetria, la batimetria i la línia de costa. - -lc -Landtäcke -Fysiskt och biologiskt landtäcke på jordytan, inbegripet artificiella ytor, jordbruksmark, skogar, (delvis) naturliga områden, våtmarker, vattenförekomster. -Pokrovnost tal -Ocupação do solo -Acoperirea fizică şi biologică a suprafeţei terestre, inclusiv suprafeţele artificiale, zonele agricole, pădurile, zonele (semi)naturale, zonele umede şi corpurile de apă. -Krajinná pokrývka (land cover) -Fizični in biološki pojavi na zemeljski površini, vključno z umetnimi površinami, kmetijskimi območji, gozdovi, (pol-) naravnimi območji, mokrišči, vodnimi telesi. -Fyzikálna a biologická pokrývka zemského povrchu vrátane umelých povrchov, poľnohospodárskych oblastí, lesov, (polo)prírodných oblastí, mokradí, vodných útvarov. -Acoperire terestră -Bodemgebruik -Fizyczne i biologiczne użytkowanie powierzchni Ziemi, włączając w to powierzchnie sztuczne, obszary rolnicze, lasy, obszary (pół-)naturalne, tereny podmokłe, akweny. -Użytkowanie terenu -Cobertura física e biológica da superfície terrestre, incluindo superfícies artificiais, zonas agrícolas, florestas, zonas naturais ou semi-naturais, zonas húmidas, massas de água. -Zemes virsma -Kopertura fiżika u bijoloġika tal-wiċċ tad-dinja inklużi superfiċji artifiċjali, żoni agrikoli, foresti, żoni (semi-)naturali, artijiet mistagħdra, u korpi ta' ilma. -Kopertura ta' l-art -Fysieke en biologische bedekking van het aardoppervlak, met inbegrip van kunstmatige oppervlakken, landbouwgebieden, bossen, halfnatuurlijke gebieden, moeraslanden en wateroppervlakken. -Žemės danga -Zemes virsmas fiziskais un bioloģiskais segums, tostarp mākslīgu virsmu, lauksaimniecības teritoriju, mežu, (daļēji) dabisku platību, mitrzemju, ūdenstilpņu fiziskais un bioloģiskais segums. -Fizinė ir biologinė žemės paviršiaus danga, įskaitant dirbtinius paviršius, žemės ūkio plotus, miškus, (pusiau) natūralius plotus, šlapžemes, vandens telkinius. -A felszín borítása -Occupation des terres -A Föld felszínének fizikai és biológiai borítása, beleértve a mesterséges felszínt, a mezőgazdasági területeket, erdőket, a (félig) természetes területeket, a vizes élőhelyeket és a víztesteket. -Copertura fisica e biologica della superficie terrestre comprese le superfici artificiali, le zone agricole, i boschi e le foreste, le aree (semi)naturali, le zone umide, i corpi idrici. -Copertura del suolo -Cubierta terrestre -Maapinna elutust või elusainest kate, sealhulgas tehislikud pinnakatted, põllumajandusalad, metsad, (pool-)looduslikud alad, märgalad ning veekogud. -Maakate -Maapallon pinnan fysikaalinen ja biologinen peite, mukaan luettuina keinotekoiset peitteet, maatalousalueet, metsät, (osaksi) luonnontilassa olevat alueet, kosteikot ja vesistöt. -Maanpeite -Couverture physique et biologique de la surface terrestre, y compris les surfaces artificielles, les zones agricoles, les forêts, les zones (semi-)naturelles, les zones humides et les masses d'eau. -Κάλυψη γης -Physical and biological cover of the earth's surface including artificial surfaces, agricultural areas, forests, (semi-)natural areas, wetlands, water bodies. -Physische und biologische Bedeckung der Erdoberfläche, einschließlich künstlicher Flächen, landwirtschaftlicher Flächen, Wäldern, natürlicher (naturnaher) Gebiete, Feuchtgebieten und Wasserkörpern. -Land cover -Cubierta física y biológica de la superficie de la tierra, incluidas las superficies artificiales, las zonas agrarias, los bosques, las zonas naturales o seminaturales, los humedales, las láminas de agua. -Bodenbedeckung -Φυσική και βιολογική κάλυψη της γήινης επιφάνειας, όπου συμπεριλαμβάνονται τεχνητές εκτάσεις, γεωργικές εκτάσεις, δάση, (ημι-)φυσικές εκτάσεις, υγρότοποι, υδατικά συστήματα. -Krajinný pokryv -Jordens fysiske og biologiske overflade, herunder kunstige overflader, landbrugsarealer, skove, (halv-)naturlige områder, vådområder, vandområder. -Arealdække -Физическа или биологична покривка на земната повърхност, включително изкуствени повърхности, селскостопански райони, гори, (полу-) естествени райони, влажни зони, водни маси. -Земна покривка -Fyzický a biologický pokryv zemského povrchu, včetně uměle vytvořených ploch, zemědělských oblastí, lesů, přirozených a částečně přirozených oblastí, mokřadů, vodních těles. -Coberta terrestreCoberta física i biològica de la superfície de la terra, incloses les superfícies artificials, les zones agràries, els boscos, les zones naturals o seminaturals, les àrees humides i les làmines d’aigua. - -oi -Geolocirani slikovni podatki zemeljske površine iz satelita ali senzorjev v zraku. -Ortofoto -Imagini georeferenţiate ale suprafeţei terestre, înregistrate cu senzori plasaţi pe sateliţi sau aeropurtaţi. -Ortoimagini -Ortofoto -Georefererade bilddata över jordytan, antingen från satelliter eller från flygburna sensorer. -Georeferencované obrazové údaje o zemskom povrchu buď zo satelitu alebo z leteckých snímačov. -Ortometria -Sporządzanie ortoobrazów -Imagens georeferenciadas da superfície terrestre recolhidas por satélite ou sensores aéreos. -Ortoimagens -Orthobeeldvorming -Dane obrazowe powierzchni Ziemi posiadające odniesienie geograficzne, pochodzące z rejestracji z pokładu satelity lub samolotu. -Orthoimagery -Geogerefereerde beeldgegevens van het aardoppervlak, afkomstig van sensoren op satellieten of vliegtuigen. -Ortofotogrāfija -Data fil-forma ta' stampa ġeo-referenzjata tal-wiċċ tad-dinja, minn satellita jew minn sensuri fl-ajru. -Ortofotografinis vaizdavimas -Zemes virsmas attēli ar piekārtotu norādi par ģeogrāfisko novietojumu telpā, kas saņemti no satelīta vai gaisā esošiem sensoriem. -Orto immagini -Georeferencinis žemės paviršiaus atvaizdas, gaunamas iš palydove arba orlaivyje esančių jutiklių. -Ortofotók -Immagini georeferenziate della superficie terrestre prese da satellite o da telesensori. -Images géoréférencées de la surface terrestre, provenant de satellites ou de capteurs aéroportés. -Ortho-imagerie -A Föld felszínének földrajzi hivatkozással ellátott, műhold vagy légi adatgyűjtők által készített képi adatai. -Imágenes georreferenciadas de la superficie de la tierra, obtenidas por satélite o por sensores aerotransportados. -Ortoimágenes -Maapinna georefereeritud kujutised, mis on talletatud satelliitidel või lennuvahenditel asuvate sensorite abil. -Ortoilmakuvat -Ortokujutised -Joko satelliittien tai lentokäyttöisten sensorien toimittamia maantieteelliseen koordinaatistoon sidottuja kuvatietoja maapallon pinnasta. -Ορθοφωτογραφία -Geo-referenced image data of the Earth's surface, from either satellite or airborne sensors. -Γεωαναφερόμενα δεδομένα από εικόνες της επιφάνειας της γης, από δορυφόρους ή αερομεταφερόμενους αισθητήρες. -Orthoimagery -Ortofoto -Georeferenzierte Bilddaten der Erdoberfläche von satelliten- oder luftfahrzeuggestützten Sensoren. -Orthofotografie -Данни от геоизображение на земната повърхност, направено от сателит или въздушни сензори. -Ortofotosnímky -Georefererede billeddata om Jordens overflade optaget fra enten satellit- eller flybaserede sensorer. -Obrazová data pořízená satelitními nebo leteckými čidly vztažená k zemskému povrchu pomocí zeměpisné soustavy souřadnic. -Ортоизображение -OrtoimatgesImatges georeferenciades de la superfície de la terra, obtingudes per satèl·lit o per sensors aerotransportats. - -ge -Geologia -Geologia caracterizada de acordo com a composição e a estrutura. Inclui a base rochosa, os aquíferos e a geomorfologia. -Geologia -Geologie caracterizată în funcţie de compoziţie şi structură. Include roca de bază, straturile acvifere şi geomorfologia. -Geologie -Geológia charakterizovaná na základe zloženia a štruktúry. Zahŕňa skalné podložie, zvodnené vrstvy a geomorfológiu. -Geológia -Geologija je določena v skladu s sestavo in strukturo. Vključuje živo skalo, vodonosnike in geomorfologijo. -Geologija -Geologiska förhållanden indelade efter sammansättning och struktur. Innefattar berggrund, akviferer och geomorfologi. -Geologi -Geologie -Geologia charakteryzowana na podstawie składu i struktury. Obejmuje podłoże skalne, warstwy wodonośne i geomorfologię. -Ġeologija -Geologie, gekenmerkt volgens samenstelling en structuur, inclusief vast gesteente, waterhoudende grondlagen en geomorfologie. -Ģeoloģija -Ġeoloġija kkaratterizzata skond il-kompożizzjoni u l-istruttura. Tinkludi s-sodda tal-blat, l-akwiferi u lġeomorfoloġija. -Ģeoloģiskais stāvoklis, ko raksturo uzbūve un struktūra. Tostarp informācija par pamatiežiem, ūdens nesējslāņiem un ģeomorfoloģiju. -Geologija -Geologija apibūdinama pagal sudėtį ir struktūrą. Tai apima pamatinę uolieną, vandeninguosius sluoksnius ir geomorfologiją. -Geologia -Földtan -Classificazione geologica in base alla composizione e alla struttura. Questa voce comprende il basamento roccioso, gli acquiferi e la geomorfologia. -Géologie -Az összetétel és szerkezet alapján jellemzett földtan. Ide tartozik az alapkőzet, a víztartó rétegek és a geomorfológia is. -Geology characterised according to composition and structure. Includes bedrock, aquifers and geomorphology. -Geology -Características geológicas según la composición y la estructura. Se incluirán la plataforma de roca firme, los acuíferos y la geomorfología. -Geología -Maapinna geoloogiline iseloom vastavalt koostisele ja struktuurile. Hõlmab aluskivimeid, põhjaveekihte ja geomorfoloogiat. -Geoloogia -Geologia kuvattuna koostumuksen ja rakenteen mukaan. Sisältää kallioperän, akviferit ja pinnanmuodot. -Geologia -Géologie caractérisée en fonction de la composition et de la structure. Englobe le substratum rocheux, les aquifères et la géomorphologie. -Γεωλογία -Geologie -Γεωλογικός χαρακτηρισμός με βάση τη σύσταση και τη δομή. Περιλαμβάνονται το μητρικό πέτρωμα, οι υδροφόροι ορίζοντες και η γεωμορφολογία. -Geologi -Geologische Beschreibung anhand von Zusammensetzung und Struktur. Dies umfasst auch Grundgestein, Grundwasserleiter und Geomorphologie. -Геология, определена според състава и структурата. Включва земен слой, воден слой и геоморфология. -Геология -Geologie charakterizovaná podle složení a struktury. Zahrnuje skalní podloží, zvodně a geomorfologii. -Geologie -Geologi karakteriseret ved sammensætning og struktur. Omfatter grundfjeld, grundvandsmagasiner og geomorfologi. -GeologiaCaracterístiques geològiques segons la composició i l’estructura. S’inclourà la plataforma de roca ferma, els aqüífers i la geomorfologia. - -su -Unidades estatísticas -Unităţi de difuzare sau de utilizare a informaţiilor statistice. -Unităţi statistice -Jednotky pre šírenie alebo využívanie štatistických informácií. -Štatistické jednotky -Enote za širjenje ali uporabo statističnih podatkov. -Statistični okoliši -Enheter för spridning och användning av statistisk information. -Statistiska enheter -Statistische eenheden -Jednostki służące do rozpowszechniania lub wykorzystywania informacji statystycznych. -Jednostki statystyczne -Unidades para fins de divulgação ou utilização da informação estatística. -Vienetai, skirti statistinės informacijos platinimui ar panaudojimui. -Statistiniai vienetai -Vienības, kuras izmanto statistikas informācijas izplatīšanā vai izmantošanā. -Unitajiet statistiċi -Eenheden voor verspreiding en gebruik van statistische informatie. -Unitajiet biex issir disseminazzjoni jew użu ta' informazzjoni ta' l-istatistika. -Statistikas vienības -Unità statistiche -Tilastotietojen levittämis- tai käyttöyksiköt. -Tilastoyksiköt -Unités de diffusion ou d'utilisation d'autres informations statistiques. -Unités statistiques -Statisztikai információk terjesztésére vagy felhasználására szolgáló egységek. -Statisztikai egységek -Unità per la divulgazione o l'utilizzo di dati statistici. -Unidades estadísticas -Statistilise teabe levitamise või kasutamise üksused. -Statistilised üksused -Statistical units -Unidades para la difusión o el uso de información estadística. -Statistische Einheiten -Μονάδες διάδοσης ή χρήσης στατιστικών πληροφοριών. -Στατιστικές μονάδες -Units for dissemination or use of statistical information. -Jednotky pro šíření nebo používání statistických informací. -Statistické jednotky -Enheder for formidling eller anvendelse af statistiske oplysninger. -Statistiske enheder -Einheiten für die Verbreitung oder Verwendung statistischer Daten. -Единици, разпространяващи или ползващи статистическа информация. -Статистически единици -Unitats estadístiquesUnitats per a la difusió o l’ús d’informació estadística. - -bu -Prostorska lega stavb. -Stavbe -Geografiskt läge för byggnader. -Byggnader -Clădiri -Zemepisná poloha stavieb. -Stavby -Edifícios -Localizarea geografică a clădirilor. -Localização geográfica dos edifícios. -Położenie geograficzne budynków. -Budynki -Ēkas -Posizzjoni ġeografika ta' bini. -Bini -Geografische locatie van gebouwen. -Gebouwen -Ēku ģeogrāfiskā atrašanās vieta. -Γεωγραφική θέση κτιρίων. -Κτίρια -Geographical location of buildings. -Buildings -Localización geográfica de los edificios. -Edificios -Ehitiste geograafiline asukoht. -Ehitised -Rakennusten maantieteellinen sijainti. -Rakennukset -Situation géographique des bâtiments. -Pastatai -Geografinė pastatų buvimo vieta. -Edifici -Localizzazione geografica degli edifici. -Épületek -Az épületek földrajzi helye. -Bâtiments -Географско разположение на сградите. -Сгради -Zeměpisná poloha budov. -Budovy -Geografisk stedfæstelse af bygninger. -Bygninger -Geografischer Standort von Gebäuden. -Gebäude -EdificisLocalització geogràfica dels edificis. - -so -Tla -Jordmåner och jordarter klassificerade efter djup, textur, struktur och innehåll av partiklar och organiskt material, stenighet, erosion, vid behov genomsnittlig lutning och beräknad vattenhållande förmåga. -Mark -Tla in sloji prsti pod površjem, določeni po debelini, teksturi, zgradbi in vsebnosti delcev in organskih snovi, kamnitosti, eroziji, po potrebi povprečni nagib in predvidene zmogljivosti vodnih zalog. -Soluri şi subsoluri, caracterizate în funcţie de adâncime, textură, structură şi conţinut al particulelor şi materialului organic, schelet, eroziune, înclinaţie medie şi capacitate anticipată de stocare a apei, după caz. -Soluri -Pôdy a podložia charakterizované podľa hĺbky, textúry, štruktúry a obsahu častíc a organického materiálu, kamenitosti, erózie, prípadne priemerným sklonom a predpokladanou schopnosťou zadržiavať vodu. -Gleby i podglebie charakteryzowane na podstawie głębokości, tekstury, struktury i zawartości cząstek oraz materiału organicznego, kamienistości, erozji, a w odpowiednich przypadkach na podstawie przeciętnego nachylenia oraz przewidywanej zdolności zatrzymywania wody. -Gleba -Pôda -Solo e subsolo caracterizado de acordo com a profundidade, textura, estrutura e conteúdo das partículas e material orgânico, carácter pedregoso, erosão, eventualmente declive médio e capacidade estimada de armazenamento de água. -Solo -Augsne -Bodem -Bodem en ondergrond, gekenmerkt volgens diepte, textuur, structuur en inhoud van deeltjes en organisch materiaal, steenachtigheid, erosie en, waar passend, gemiddelde hellingsgraad en verwachte wateropslagcapaciteit. -Ħamrija -Tipi ta' ħamrija u sub-ħamrija kkaratterizzati skond il-fond, it-tessut, l-istruttura u l-kontenut ta' partiċelli u materjal organiku, il-kontenut ta' ġebel, it-tgħawwir, fejn xieraq il-medja tax-xaqlib ta' l-art u l-kapaċità antiċipata għall-ħażna ta' l-ilma. -Suolo -Dirvožemio ir podirvio charakteristikos: gylis, granuliometrinė sudėtis, dalelių ir organinių medžiagų struktūra ir sudėtis, akmeningumas, erozija ir tam tikrais atvejais vidutinis nuolydis bei numatomas vandens sulaikymo pajėgumas. -Augsnes un tās apakškārtas stāvoklis, ko raksturo dziļums, faktūra, struktūra un daļiņu un organisko vielu saturs, akmeņainība, erozija un, attiecīgā gadījumā, vidējais slīpums un prognozējamā ūdens uzkrāšanas spēja. -Dirvožemis -Caratterizzazione del suolo e del sottosuolo in base a profondità, tessitura (texture), struttura e contenuto delle particelle e della materia organica, pietrosità, erosione, eventualmente pendenza media e capacità prevista di ritenzione dell’acqua. -Talaj -A mélység, állag, szerkezet, a részecskék és szerves anyagok jelenléte, a köves jelleg, az erózió, valamint adott esetben az átlagos lejtés és a becsült víztartó képesség alapján jellemzett talajok és altalaj. -Sols et sous-sol caractérisés selon leur profondeur, texture, structure et teneur en particules et en matières organiques, pierrosité, érosion, le cas échéant pente moyenne et capacité anticipée de stockage de l'eau. -Sols -Maannoksen ja muuttumattoman pohjamaalajin kuvaaminen syvyyden, raekoostumuksen, rakenteen sekä hiukkasten ja orgaanisen aineksen sisällön, kivisyyden, eroosion ja tarvittaessa keskimääräisen kaltevuuden ja arvioidun veden varastointikapasiteetin mukaan. -Maaperä -Pinnas -Pinnas ja aluspinnas, mida iseloomustatakse sügavuse, tekstuuri, struktuuri, osakeste ja orgaanilise materjali sisalduse, kivimisisalduse, erosiooni, vajadusel keskmise kalde ja eeldatava veemahutavuse järgi. -Suelo -Suelo y subsuelo, caracterizados según su profundidad, textura, estructura y contenido de partículas y material orgánico, pedregosidad, erosión y, cuando proceda, pendiente media y capacidad estimada de almacenamiento de agua. -Χαρακτηρισμός εδάφους και υπεδάφους ανάλογα με το βάθος, την υφή, τη δομή και την περιεκτικότητα σε σωματίδια και οργανικά υλικά, το πετρώδες, τη διάβρωση και, κατά περίπτωση, τη μέση κλίση και την προβλεπόμενη χωρητικότητα αποθήκευσης νερού. -Soil -Έδαφος -Soils and subsoil characterised according to depth, texture, structure and content of particles and organic material, stoniness, erosion, where appropriate mean slope and anticipated water storage capacity. -Boden -Jordbund og underjord karakteriseret efter dybde, tekstur, struktur og indhold af partikler og organisk materiale, stenindhold, erosion, i givet fald gennemsnitlig hældning og forventet vandlagringskapacitet. -Beschreibung von Boden und Unterboden anhand von Tiefe, Textur, Struktur und Gehalt an Teilchen sowie organischem Material, Steinigkeit, Erosion, gegebenenfalls durchschnittliches Gefälle und erwartete Wasserspeicherkapazität. -Jord -Почви и подпочви, определени според дълбочина, строеж, структура, механичен състав и съдържание на органични материали, каменливост, ерозия и, по целесъобразност, среден наклон и предполагаема водопопиваемост. -Půda a její podloží popsané podle hloubky, zrnitosti, struktury a obsahu částic a organického materiálu, podílu skeletu, erozí, případně průměrného sklonu svahu a očekávané kapacity jímavosti vody. -Půda -Почва -SòlSòl i subsòl, caracteritzats segons la seva profunditat, textura, estructura i contingut de partícules i material orgànic, pedregositat, erosió i, quan sigui procedent, pendent mitjà i capacitat estimada d’emmagatzematge d’aigua. - -lu -Markanvändning -Namenska raba tal -Territorium indelat efter nuvarande och framtida planerade funktion eller socioekonomisk användning (t.ex. bostadsmark, industrimark, handel, jordbruk, skogsbruk, friluftsliv). -Zagospodarowanie przestrzenne -Caracterização do território de acordo com a dimensão funcional ou finalidade socioeconómica planeada, presente e futura (por exemplo, residencial, industrial, comercial, agrícola, silvícola, recreativa). -Uso do solo -Teritoriu caracterizat în funcţie de dimensiunea funcţională actuală sau viitoare planificată sau de scopul socioeconomic (de exemplu rezidenţial, industrial, comercial, agricol, forestier, de recreaţie). -Utilizarea terenului -Územie charakterizované podľa jeho súčasného a budúceho plánovaného funkčného rozmeru alebo socioekonomického účelu (napr. obytný, priemyselný, obchodný, poľnohospodársky, lesnícky, rekreačný). -Využitie územia -Ozemlje, opredeljeno glede na svojo sedanjo in v prihodnje načrtovano funkcionalno razsežnost ali socialnoekonomski namen (npr. stanovanjski, industrijski, trgovinski, kmetijski, gozdni, rekreacijski). -Zemes izmantošana -Territorju kkaratterizzat skond id-dimensjoni funzjonali tiegħu ppjanata attwali u futura jew l-iskop soċjo-ekonomiku tiegħu (eż. residenzjali, industrijali, kummerċjali, agrikolu, forestali, rikreazzjonali). -Użu ta' l-art -Het grondgebied, gekenmerkt volgens zijn huidige en geplande toekomstige functionele dimensie of sociaaleconomische bestemming (bv. wonen, industrieel, commercieel, landbouw, bosbouw, recreatie). -Landgebruik -Terytorium charakteryzowane ze względu na jego obecny lub przyszły wymiar funkcjonalny lub przeznaczenie społeczno-gospodarcze (np. mieszkaniowe, przemysłowe, handlowe, rolnicze, leśne, wypoczynkowe). -Földhasználat -Classificazione del territorio in base alla dimensione funzionale o alla destinazione socioeconomica presenti e programmate per il futuro (ad esempio ad uso residenziale, industriale, commerciale, agricolo, silvicolo, ricreativo). -A jelenlegi és a jövőbeli tervezett funkcionális szempontok vagy a társadalmigazdasági rendeltetés (például lakó-, ipari, kereskedelmi, mezőgazdasági, erdő- vagy pihenőövezet) szerint jellemzett területek. -Teritorijas stāvoklis, ko raksturo tās pašreizējās un nākotnē plānotās funkcionālās izmantošanas dimensija vai sociāli ekonomiskais izmantošanas nolūks (piemēram, zeme dzīvojamiem namiem, rūpnieciskiem, komerciāliem, lauksaimniecības, mežniecības, atpūtas mērķiem). -Žemės naudojimas -Teritorija apibūdinama pagal jos esamą ir būsimą planuojamą funkcinę arba socialinę ir ekonominę paskirtį (pvz., gyvenamoji, pramoninė, komercinė, žemės ūkio, miškų, rekreacinė). -Utilizzo del territorio -Maakasutus -Alueen kuvaaminen sen nykyisen ja tulevan suunnitellun käyttötarkoituksen tai sosioekonomisen tarkoituksen (esimerkiksi asuin- tai teollisuusalue, liikekeskus, maa- tai metsätalousalue tai virkistysalue) mukaan. -Maankäyttö -Territoire caractérisé selon sa dimension fonctionnelle prévue ou son objet socioéconomique actuel et futur (par exemple, résidentiel, industriel, commercial, agricole, forestier, récréatif). -Usage des sols -Maa-ala iseloomustus olemasolevate ja tulevaste kavandatud kasutusaspektide või sotsiaalmajandusliku sihtotstarbe järgi (nt elamu- tööstus-, äri-, põllumajandus-, metsa- või puhkemaa). -Χρήσεις γης -Territory characterised according to its current and future planned functional dimension or socio-economic purpose (e.g. residential, industrial, commercial, agricultural, forestry, recreational). -Land use -Caracterización del territorio, de acuerdo con su dimensión funcional o su dedicación socioeconómica actual o futura planificadas (por ejemplo, residencial, industrial, comercial, agrario, forestal, recreativo). -Uso del suelo -Територия, определена според настоящите и бъдещите ѝ планирани функционални параметри или социално- икономическо предназначение (например жилищна, промишлена, търговска, селскостопанска, горска, почивна). -Ползване на земята -Území popsané podle své současné a plánované funkce nebo společensko-hospodářských účelů (např. obytné, průmyslové, obchodní, zemědělské, lesnické, rekreační). -Využití území -Området karakteriseret ved dets nuværende og fremtidige planlagte funktion eller samfundsøkonomiske formål (f.eks. beboelse, industri, handel, landbrug, skovbrug, rekreation). -Arealanvendelse -Beschreibung von Gebieten anhand ihrer derzeitigen und geplanten künftigen Funktion oder ihres sozioökonomischen Zwecks (z. B. Wohn-, Industrie- oder Gewerbegebiete, land- oder forstwirtschaftliche Flächen, Freizeitgebiete). -Bodennutzung -Χαρακτηρισμός περιοχών ανάλογα με τη σημερινή και τη μελλοντική σχεδιαζόμενη λειτουργία τους ή τον κοινωνικοοικονομικό σκοπό τους (π.χ. αμιγώς οικιστική, βιομηχανική, εμπορική, γεωργική, δασική, αναψυχής). -Ús del sòlCaracterització del territori, d’acord amb la seva dimensió funcional o la seva dedicació socioeconòmica actual o futura planificades (per exemple, residencial, industrial, comercial, agrari, forestal, recreatiu). - -hh -Människors hälsa och säkerhet -Geografická distribúcia najčastejších ochorení (alergie, nádorové ochorenia, ochorenia dýchacích ciest atď.), informácie o vplyve na zdravie (biologické ukazovatele, pokles plodnosti, epidémie) alebo telesný či duševný stav ľudí (únava, stres atď.), ktoré priamo (znečistenie ovzdušia, chemikálie, oslabenie ozónovej vrstvy, hluk atď.) alebo nepriamo (strava, geneticky upravené organizmy atď.) súvisia s kvalitou životného prostredia. -Zdravje in varnost prebivalstva -Geografisk fördelning av dominansen av patologier (allergier, cancer, sjukdomar i andningsorganen osv.), all information om de effekter på människors hälsa (biomarkörer, minskad fertilitet, epidemier osv.) eller välbefinnande (trötthet, stress osv.) som har ett direkt (luftföroreningar, kemikalier, uttunning av ozonskiktet, buller osv.) eller ett indirekt (livsmedel, genetiskt modifierade organismer osv.) samband med miljöns kvalitet. -Ľudské zdravie a bezpečnosť -Geografska razporeditev pogostih patoloških pojavov (alergije, rakasta obolenja, obolenja dihalnih poti itd.), podatki o učinkih na zdravje (biološki označevalci, zmanjšana rodnost, epidemije) ali počutje ljudi (utrujenost, stres itd.), povezanih neposredno (onesnaženost zraka, kemikalije, tanjšanje ozonskega plašča, hrup itd.) ali posredno (hrana, genetsko spremenjeni organizmi itd.) s kakovostjo okolja. -Rozmieszczenie geograficzne występowania patologii chorobowych (alergii, nowotworów, chorób układu oddechowego itd.), informacje dotyczące wpływu na zdrowie (biomarkery, spadek płodności, epidemie) lub dobre samopoczucie ludzi (zmęczenie, stres itd.) związane bezpośrednio (zanieczyszczenie powietrza, chemikalia, zubożenie warstwy ozonowej, hałas itd.) lub pośrednio (pożywienie, organizmy zmodyfikowane genetycznie itd.) z jakością środowiska. -Zdrowie i bezpieczeństwo ludzi -Distribuição geográfica da dominância de patologias (alergias, cancros, doenças respiratórias, etc.), informações que indiquem o efeito da qualidade do ambiente sobre a saúde (biomarcadores, declínio da fertilidade, epidemias) ou sobre o bem-estar dos seres humanos (fadiga, tensão, stress, etc.) de forma directa (poluição do ar, produtos químicos, empobrecimento da camada de ozono, ruído, etc.) ou indirecta (alimentação, organismos geneticamente modificados, etc.). -Sănătate şi siguranţă umană -Saúde humana e segurança -Distribuţia geografică a patologiilor dominante (alergii, tipuri de cancer, boli respiratorii etc.), precum şi informaţiile care indică efectul asupra sănătăţii (indicatorii biologici, scăderea fertilităţii, epidemiile) sau asupra bunăstării oamenilor (oboseala, stresul etc.), legat în mod direct (poluarea aerului, substanţele chimice, subţierea stratului de ozon, zgomotul etc.) sau indirect (mâncarea, organismele modificate genetic etc.) de calitatea mediului. -Žmonių sveikata ir sauga -Dominējošo patoloģiju (alerģiju, vēža, elpošanas ceļu slimību, utt.) ģeogrāfiskā izplatība, informācija, kas norāda uz ietekmi uz veselību (biomarkeri, auglības mazināšana, epidēmijas) vai cilvēku labklājību (nogurumu, stresu, utt.), kas tieši (gaisa piesārņojums, ķīmiskās vielas, ozona slāņa noplicināšanās, trokšņi, utt.) vai netieši (pārtika, ģenētiski modificēti organismi, utt.) saistīta ar vides kvalitāti. -Cilvēku veselība un drošība -Distribuzzjoni ġeografika tad-dominanza ta' patoloġiji (allerġiji, kankri, mard respiratorju, eċċ.), informazzjoni li tindika l-effett fuq is-saħħa (bijomarkaturi, tnaqqis fil-fertilità, epidemiji) jew il-benesseri tal-bnedmin (għejja, stress, eċċ.) b'konnessjoni diretta (tniġġis ta' l-arja, kimiki, tnaqqis tas-saff ta' l-ożonu, storbju, eċċ.) jew indiretta (ikel, organiżmi ġenetikament modifikati, eċċ.) mal-kwalità ta' l-ambjent. -Is-saħħa u s-siġurtà tal-bniedem -De geografische spreiding van ziekten (allergieën, kankers, ademhalingsziekten, enz.), informatie over de gevolgen voor de gezondheid (biomarkers, vruchtbaarheidsdaling, epidemieën) of het welzijn van de mens (vermoeidheid, stress, enz.) die direct (luchtvervuiling, chemicaliën, aantasting van de ozonlaag, lawaai, enz.) of indirect (voedsel, genetisch gemodificeerde organismen, enz.) samenhangen met de kwaliteit van het milieu. -Menselijke gezondheid en veiligheid -Salute umana e sicurezza -Patologijų dominavimo geografinis pasiskirstymas (alergijos, vėžys, kvėpavimo takų ligos ir t. t.), informacija apie poveikį žmonių sveikatai (biomarkeriai, vaisingumo sumažėjimas, epidemijos) ar gerovei (nuovargis, stresas ir t. t.), tiesiogiai (oro tarša, cheminės medžiagos, ozono sluoksnio retėjimas, triukšmas ir t. t.) arba netiesiogiai (maistas, genetiškai modifikuoti organizmai ir t. t.) susijusi su aplinkos kokybe. -Distribuzione geografica della prevalenza di patologie (allergie, tumori, malattie respiratorie, ecc.), le informazioni contenenti indicazioni sugli effetti relativi alla salute (indicatori biologici, riduzione della fertilità e epidemie) o al benessere degli esseri umani (affaticamento, stress, ecc.) in relazione alla qualità dell’ambiente, sia in via diretta (inquinamento atmosferico, sostanze chimiche, riduzione dello strato di ozono, rumore, ecc.) che indiretta (alimentazione, organismi geneticamente modificati, ecc.). -Emberi egészség és biztonság -A környezet minőségéhez közvetlenül (légszennyezés, vegyszerek, az ózonréteg elvékonyodása, zaj stb.) vagy közvetve (élelmiszer, genetikailag módosított szervezetek stb.) kapcsolódó patológiák (allergiás, daganatos és légúti megbetegedések stb.) dominanciájának földrajzi eloszlása, illetve ezen tényezőknek az emberi egészségre (biomarkerek, termékenységcsökkenés, járványok) vagy jólétre (fáradtság, stressz stb.) gyakorolt hatását jellemző információ. -Répartition géographique des pathologies dominantes (allergies, cancers, maladies respiratoires, etc.) liées directement (pollution de l'air, produits chimiques, appauvrissement de la couche d'ozone, bruit, etc.) ou indirectement (alimentation, organismes génétiquement modifiés, etc.) à la qualité de l'environnement, et ensemble des informations relatif à l'effet de celle-ci sur la santé des hommes (marqueurs biologiques, déclin de la fertilité, épidémies) ou leur bienêtre (fatigue, stress, etc.). -Santé et sécurité des personnes -Väestön terveys ja turvallisuus -Salud y seguridad humanas -Haiguste (allergiad, vähk, hingamisteede haigused jne) domineerimise geograafiline jaotumine, keskkonna kvaliteediga otseselt (õhusaaste, kemikaalid, osoonikihi kahanemine, müra jne) või kaudselt (toit, geneetiliselt muundatud organismid jne) seotud mõjusid inimeste tervisele (biomarkerid, viljatushaiguste sagenemine, epideemiad) või heaolule (väsimus, stress jne) puudutav teave. -Inimeste tervis ja ohutus -Ympäristön laatuun välittömästi (esimerkiksi ilman pilaantuminen, kemikaalit, otsonikerroksen oheneminen, melu) tai välillisesti (esimerkiksi elintarvikkeet, muuntogeeniset organismit) yhteydessä olevien sairauksien (esimerkiksi allergiat, syövät, hengityselinsairaudet) maantieteellinen esiintyminen, tiedot, jotka osoittavat vaikutuksen terveyteen (esimerkiksi biologiset merkkiaineet, hedelmällisyyden väheneminen, epidemiat) tai ihmisten hyvinvointiin (esimerkiksi väsymys, stressi). -Sikkerhed -Geografische Verteilung verstärkt auftretender pathologischer Befunde (Allergien, Krebserkrankungen, Erkrankungen der Atemwege usw.), Informationen über Auswirkungen auf die Gesundheit (Biomarker, Rückgang der Fruchtbarkeit, Epidemien) oder auf das Wohlbefinden (Ermüdung, Stress usw.) der Menschen in unmittelbarem Zusammenhang mit der Umweltqualität (Luftverschmutzung, Chemikalien, Abbau der Ozonschicht, Lärm usw.) oder in mittelbarem Zusammenhang mit der Umweltqualität (Nahrung, genetisch veränderte Organismen usw.). -Gesundheit und Sicherheit -Γεωγραφική κατανομή της κυριαρχίας παθολογιών (αλλεργίες, καρκίνοι, αναπνευστικές ασθένειες, κ.λπ.), πληροφορίες που καταδεικνύουν τις επιπτώσεις στην υγεία (βιοδείκτες, πτώση της γονιμότητας, επιδημίες) ή την ευεξία των ανθρώπων (κούραση, υπερένταση, κ.λπ.) που συνδέονται άμεσα (ατμοσφαιρική ρύπανση, χημικές ουσίες, καταστροφή της στιβάδας του όζοντος, θόρυβος, κ.λπ.) ή έμμεσα (τρόφιμα, γενετικώς τροποποιημένοι οργανισμοί, κ.λπ.) με την ποιότητα του περιβάλλοντος. -Ανθρώπινη υγεία και ασφάλεια -Geographical distribution of dominance of pathologies (allergies, cancers, respiratory diseases, etc.), information indicating the effect on health (biomarkers, decline of fertility, epidemics) or well-being of humans (fatigue, stress, etc.) linked directly (air pollution, chemicals, depletion of the ozone layer, noise, etc.) or indirectly (food, genetically modified organisms, etc.) to the quality of the environment. -Здраве и безопасност на човека -Zeměpisné rozložení převládajícího výskytu patologických stavů (alergií, rakovin, nemocí dýchacího ústrojí atd.), informace o dopadu na zdraví (biomarkery, pokles plodnosti, epidemie) nebo životní podmínky (únava, stres atd.) související přímo (znečištění ovzduší, chemikálie, ztenčování ozonové vrstvy, hluk atd.) nebo nepřímo (potraviny, geneticky modifikované organismy atd.) s kvalitou životního prostředí. -Lidské zdraví a bezpečnost -og sundhed Geografisk fordeling af dominansen af patologier (allergier, kræft, luftvejssygdomme, osv.), oplysninger om indvirkningen på menneskers sundhed (biologiske markører, nedsat frugtbarhed, epidemier) eller trivsel (træthed, stress, osv.), der er direkte (luftforurening, kemikalier, udtynding af ozonlaget, støj, osv.) eller indirekte (fødevarer, genmodificerede organismer, osv.) knyttet til miljøkvaliteten. -Human health and safety -Distribución geográfica de la dominancia de patologías (alergias, cáncer, enfermedades respiratorias, etc.), la información que indique el efecto sobre la salud (marcadores biológicos, declive de la fertilidad, epidemias) o el bienestar humanos (cansancio, estrés, etc.) directamente vinculada con la calidad del medio ambiente (contaminación del aire, productos químicos, enrarecimiento de la capa de ozono, ruido, etc.) o indirectamente vinculada con dicha calidad (alimentos, organismos modificados genéticamente, etc.). -Географско разпределение на преобладаващите патологии (алергии, рак, болести на дихателните пътища и др.), информация за въздействието върху човешкото здраве (биомаркери, намаляване на раждаемостта, епидемии) или за физическото състояние на човека (умора, стрес и други), пряко свързани (замърсяване на въздуха, химикали, изтъняване на озоновия слой, шум и др.) или непряко свързани (храна, генетично модифицирани организми и други) с качеството на околната среда. -Salut i seguretat humanesDistribució geogràfica de la dominància de patologies (al·lèrgies, càncer, malalties respiratòries, etc.), de la informació que indiqui l’efecte sobre la salut (marcadors biològics, davallada de la fertilitat, epidèmies) o el benestar humans (cansament, estrès, etc.), directament vinculada amb la qualitat del medi ambient (contaminació de l’aire, productes químics, enrariment de la capa d’ozó, soroll, etc.) o indirectament vinculada amb aquesta qualitat (aliments, organismes modificats genèticament, etc.). - -us -Allmännyttiga och offentliga tjänster -Komunalne in javne storitve -Inbegriper anläggningar för allmännyttiga tjänster, exempelvis för hantering av avloppsvatten, avfallshantering, energiförsörjning och vattenförsörjning, administrativa och sociala offentliga tjänster såsom offentliga förvaltningar, räddningstjänstens anläggningar, skolor och sjukhus. -Includ instalaţiile de utilitate publică, precum sistemele de canalizare, de gestionare a deşeurilor, de aprovizionare cu energie electrică şi apă, şi serviciile administrative şi sociale publice, precum adăposturile de protecţie civilă, şcolile şi spitalele. -Servicii de utilitate publică şi servicii publice -Patria sem verejné zariadenia, ako napríklad kanalizácia, nakladanie s odpadom, dodávka energie a dodávka vody, administratívne a sociálne štátne služby, ako napríklad verejná správa, miesta civilnej ochrany, školy a nemocnice. -Verejné a štátne služby -Vključuje komunalne naprave kot so kanalizacija, ravnanje z odpadki, oskrba z energijo in preskrba z vodo, upravne in socialne vladne službe kot so javne uprave, sedeži civilne zaščite, šole in bolnišnice. -Usługi użyteczności publicznej i służby państwowe -Inclui instalações e serviços de utilidade pública, como redes de esgotos, gestão de resíduos, fornecimento de energia, abastecimento de água, serviços administrativos e sociais do Estado tais como administrações públicas, instalações da protecção civil, escolas e hospitais. -Serviços de utilidade pública e do Estado -Nutsdiensten en overheidsdiensten -Obejmuje instalacje użyteczności publicznej takie jak: kanalizacja, zarządzanie odpadami, dostawa energii i dostawa wody, administracyjne i społeczne służby państwowe lub samorządowe, takie jak: administracja publiczna, obiekty ochrony cywilnej, szkoły i szpitale. -Komunalinės įmonės ir valstybės tarnybos -Tas ietver tādu komunālo dienestu iekārtas kā kanalizācija, atkritumu apsaimniekošana, energoapgāde un ūdens apgāde, administratīvos un sociālos valsts dienestus, piemēram, valsts administrāciju, civilās aizsardzības novietnes, skolas un slimnīcas. -Servizzi ta' utilità u tal-gvern -Nutsvoorzieningen zoals riolering, afvalbeheer, energievoorziening, watervoorziening, bestuurlijke en maatschappelijke instanties van de overheid, zoals bestuurlijke overheden, civiele bescherming, scholen en ziekenhuizen. -Jinkludu faċilitajiet ta' utilità bħad-drenaġġ, l-immaniġġar ta' l-iskart, il-provvista ta' l-enerġija, il-provvista ta' l-ilma, isservizzi amministrattivi u soċjali tal-gvern bħal amministrazzjonijiet pubbliċi, siti għall-protezzjoni ċivili, skejjel u sptarijiet. -Komunālie un valsts dienesti -Servizi di pubblica utilità e servizi amministrativi -Tai apima komunalinių įmonių infrastruktūrą, pavyzdžiui, kanalizaciją, atliekų tvarkymą, elektros energijos tiekimą ir vandens tiekimą, administracines ir socialines valstybės tarnybas, pavyzdžiui, viešojo administravimo įstaigas, civilinės saugos tarnybas, mokyklas ir ligonines. -Services d'utilité publique et services publics -Magában foglalja az olyan közüzemi létesítményeket, mint például a szennyvíz- és hulladékgazdálkodás, az energiaellátás és a vízellátás, valamint az igazgatási és szociális közszolgáltatásokat, például a közigazgatási szerveket, a polgári védelmi létesítményeket, iskolákat és kórházakat. -Közüzemi és közszolgáltatások -Sono compresi sia impianti quali gli impianti fognari, di gestione dei rifiuti, di fornitura energetica, e di distribuzione idrica, sia servizi pubblici amministrativi e sociali quali le amministrazioni pubbliche, i siti della protezione civile, le scuole e gli ospedali. -Yleishyödylliset ja muut julkiset palvelut -Comprend les installations d'utilité publique, tels que les égouts ou les réseaux et installations liés à la gestion des déchets, à l'approvisionnement énergétique, à l'approvisionnement en eau, ainsi que les services administratifs et sociaux publics, tels que les administrations publiques, les sites de la protection civile, les écoles et les hôpitaux. -Utility and governmental services -Incluye instalaciones de utilidad pública de alcantarillado, gestión de residuos, suministro de energía y suministro de agua, así como servicios estatales administrativos y sociales tales como administraciones públicas, sitios de protección civil, escuelas y hospitales. -Servicios de utilidad pública y estatales -Includes utility facilities such as sewage, waste management, energy supply and water supply, administrative and social governmental services such as public administrations, civil protection sites, schools and hospitals. -Kommunaal- ja riiklikud teenused -Tämä käsittää yleishyödyllisten palvelujen laitokset, kuten viemäröinnin, jätehuollon, energiahuollon ja vesihuollon, sekä hallinnolliset ja sosiaaliset julkiset palvelut, kuten viranomaiset, väestönsuojat, koulut ja sairaalat. -Hõlmab tehnorajatisi nagu näiteks reovee ja jäätmete käitluse, energia- ja veevarustuse võrgud ja rajatised ning riiklikke haldus- ja sotsiaalteenuseid nagu riiklikud haldusorganid, kodanikukaitse alad, koolid ja haiglad. -Omfatter forsyningsvirksomhed så som kloakering, affaldshåndtering, energiforsyning og vandforsyning, administrative og sociale offentlige tjenester som f.eks. offentlige administrationer, civilbeskyttelsesanlæg, skoler og hospitaler. -Offentlig forsyningsvirksomhed og offentlige tjenesteydelser -Versorgungseinrichtungen wie Abwasser- und Abfallentsorgung, Energieversorgung und Wasserversorgung; staatliche Verwaltungs- und Sozialdienste wie öffentliche Verwaltung, Katastrophenschutz, Schulen und Krankenhäuser. -Versorgungswirtschaft und staatliche Dienste -Περιλαμβάνονται εγκαταστάσεις υπηρεσιών κοινής ωφελείας, όπως η αποχέτευση, η διαχείριση αποβλήτων, ο ενεργειακός εφοδιασμός και η υδροδότηση, οι διοικητικές και κοινωνικές κρατικές υπηρεσίες, όπως οι δημόσιες διοικήσεις, οι χώροι πολιτικής προστασίας, τα σχολεία και τα νοσοκομεία. -Включват инфраструктура за комунално-битови услуги, например напоителни системи, управление на отпадъците, електроснабдяване и водоснабдяване, административни и социални обществени услуги, например публични администрации, обекти на гражданската защита, училища и болници. -Комунално-битови и обществени услуги -Επιχειρήσεις κοινής ωφελείας και κρατικές υπηρεσίες -Veřejné služby a služby veřejné správy -Zahrnují zařízení, jako například kanalizace, nakládání s odpady, zásobování energií a zásobování vodou, správní a sociální státní služby, jako například veřejnou správu, zařízení civilní ochrany, školy a nemocnice. -Serveis d'utilitat pública i estatalsInclou instal·lacions d’utilitat pública de clavegueram, gestió de residus, subministrament d’energia i subministrament d’aigua, així com serveis estatals administratius i socials tals com administracions públiques, llocs de protecció civil, escoles i hospitals. - -gg -Geografska koordinatna mreža -Harmoniserade rutnät med flera upplösningar, gemensam utgångspunkt och standardiserad placering och storlek på rutorna. -Geografiska rutnätssystem -Sisteme de caroiaj geografic -Harmonizovaná sieť s viacúrovňovým rozlíšením so spoločným počiatočným bodom a štandardizovanou polohou a veľkosťou buniek siete. -Geografické systémy sietí -Usklajena večločljivostna mreža s skupno točko izvora in standardizirano lokacijo ter velikostjo mrežnih celic. -Systemy siatek geograficznych -Quadrícula harmonizada multi-resolução com um ponto de origem comum e localização e dimensão normalizadas das células. -Sistemas de quadrículas geográficas -Caroiaj multirezoluţie armonizat, având un punct de origine comun, precum şi localizare şi mărime standardizate ale celulelor. -Sistemi ta' grilji ġeografiċi -Geharmoniseerde multiresolutieraster met een gemeenschappelijk beginpunt en gestandaardiseerde plaats en grootte van de gridcellen. -Geografisch rastersysteem -Zharmonizowana wielorozdzielcza siatka o wspólnym punkcie początkowym i znormalizowanym położeniu oraz wielkości pól siatki. -Ģeogrāfisko koordinātu tīklu sistēmas -Grilja multi-risoluzzjoni armonizzata b'punt ta' oriġini komuni u pożizzjoni u daqs taċ-ċelluli tal-grilja standardizzati. -Geografinio tinklelio sistemos -Saskaņots daudzpakāpju izšķiršanas koordinātu tīkls ar kopēju sākumpunktu un standartizētu tīkla šūnu atrašanās vietu un izmēru. -Suderintas kintamos skiriamosios gebos tinklelis su bendru atskaitos tašku ir standartizuota tinklelio langelių lokacija bei dydžiu. -Griglia multi-risoluzione armonizzata con un punto di origine comune e un posizionamento e una dimensione standard delle celle. -Sistemi di griglie geografiche -Systèmes de maillage géographique -Harmonizált több felbontású rács közös kiindulóponttal és egységesített rácscella-helymeghatározással és -mérettel. -Földrajzi rácsrendszerek -Yhdenmukaistettu monitasoinen ruudukko, jossa on yhteinen lähtöpiste ja standardoitu yksittäisen ruudun sijainti ja koko. -Paikannusruudustot -Grille multi-résolution harmonisée avec un point d'origine commun et une localisation ainsi qu'une taille des cellules harmonisées. -Geographical grid systems -Cuadrículas armonizadas multirresolución con un punto de origen común y con ubicación y tamaños de cuadrícula normalizados. -Sistema de cuadrículas geográficas -Ühtlustatud, ühise lähtepunktiga ning võrguruutude standardse paigutuse ja suurusega mitmetasandiline ruutvõrk. -Geograafilised ruutvõrgud -Συστήματα γεωγραφικού καννάβου -Harmonised multi-resolution grid with a common point of origin and standardised location and size of grid cells. -Et harmoniseret kvadratnet med flere cellestørrelser samt fælles nulpunkt og standardiseret cellelokalisering og -størrelse. -Geografiske kvadratnetsystemer -Harmonisiertes Gittersystem mit Mehrfachauflösung, gemeinsamem Ursprungspunkt und standardisierter Lokalisierung und Größe der Gitterzellen. -Geografische Gittersysteme -Εναρμονισμένος κάνναβος πολλαπλής ανάλυσης με ενιαίο σημείο αφετηρίας και τυποποιημένη θέση και μέγεθος των φατνίων του καννάβου. -Географски координатни системи -Zeměpisné soustavy souřadnicových sítí -Harmonizovaná souřadnicová síť s víceúrovňovým rozlišením, normalizovanou polohou a velikostí buněk souřadnicové sítě, a společným vztažným bodem. -Хармонизирана сложна координатна система с обща начална точка и стандартизирано разположение и размер на квадрантите на координатната система. -Sistema de quadrícules geogràfiquesQuadrícules harmonitzades multiresolució amb un punt d’origen comú i amb ubicació i grandària de quadrícula normalitzats. - -ef -Anläggningar för miljöövervakning -Naprave in objekti za monitoring okolja -Placering och användning av anläggningar för miljöövervakning inbegriper iakttagelse och mätning av utsläpp, av situationen när det gäller miljömedier och av andra parametrar för ekosystemet (biologisk mångfald, ekologiska villkor för växtligheten etc.) som genomförs av offentliga myndigheter eller för deras räkning. -Nahajanje in delovanje naprav in objektov za spremljanje okolja vključuje opazovanje in merjenje emisij, stanja okolja in drugih parametrov ekosistema (biološka raznolikost, ekološki pogoji vegetacije itd.) s strani javnih organov ali v njihovem imenu. -Poloha a prevádzka zariadení na monitorovanie životného prostredia zahŕňa pozorovanie a meranie emisií, stavu zložiek životného prostredia a iných parametrov ekosystému (biodiverzity, ekologických podmienok vegetácie, atď.) vykonávané orgánmi verejnej moci alebo v ich mene. -Zariadenia na monitorovanie životného prostredia -Instalações de monitorização do ambiente -Amplasarea şi exploatarea instalaţiilor de supraveghere a mediului implică observarea şi măsurarea emisiilor, a stării mediului înconjurător şi a altor parametri ai ecosistemului (biodiversitate, condiţii ecologice ale vegetaţiei etc.) de către sau în numele autorităţilor publice. -Milieubewakingsvoorzieningen -Lokalizacja i funkcjonowanie urządzeń do monitorowania środowiska obejmują obserwację i pomiary emisji, stanu zasobów środowiska i innych parametrów ekosystemu (różnorodności biologicznej, warunków ekologicznych wegetacji itd.) przez organy publiczne lub w ich imieniu. -Urządzenia do monitorowania środowiska -A localização e funcionamento de instalações de monitorização do ambiente inclui a observação e medição de emissões, do estado das diferentes componentes ambientais e de outros parâmetros dos ecossistemas (biodiversidade, condições ecológicas da vegetação, etc.) pelas autoridades públicas ou por conta destas. -Instalaţii de supraveghere a mediului -Faċilitajiet ta' monitoraġġ ambjentali -Locatie en werking van milieubewakingsvoorzieningen, met inbegrip van waarneming en meting van emissies, de staat van de milieucompartimenten en van andere ecosysteemparameters (biodiversiteit, ecologische omstandigheden van vegetatie, enz.) door of namens de overheidsinstanties. -Posizzjoni u operazzjoni ta' faċilitajiet ta' monitoraġġ ambjentali jinkludi l-osservazzjoni u l-kejl ta' emissjonijiet, ta' listat tal-medji ambjentali u ta' parametri oħra ta' l-ekosistema (biodiversità, kondizzjonijiet ekoloġiċi ta' veġetazzjoni, eċċ.) permezz jew f'isem l-awtoritajiet pubbliċi. -Aplinkos stebėsenos priemonės -Vides monitoringa iekārtu atrašanās vietas un pārvaldība, kas ietver emisiju, apkārtējās vides stāvokļa un citu ekosistēmas parametru (bioloģiskās daudzveidības, veģetācijas ekoloģisko apstākļu, utt.) novērošanu un mērīšanu, ko veic publiskās iestādes vai publisko iestāžu vārdā. -Vides monitoringa iekārtas -Környezetvédelmi monitoringlétesítmények -L'ubicazione e il funzionamento degli impianti di monitoraggio ambientale comprendono l'osservazione e la misurazione delle emissioni, dello stato dei comparti ambientali e di altri parametri dell'ecosistema (biodiversità, condizioni ecologiche della vegetazione, ecc.) da parte o per conto delle autorità pubbliche. -Impianti di monitoraggio ambientale -Aplinkos stebėsenos priemonių vieta ir veikla, įskaitant valdžios institucijų arba jų vardu atliekamą išmetamų teršalų, aplinkos terpių būklės ir kitų ekosistemos parametrų (biologinės įvairovės, ekologinių augalijos sąlygų ir t. t.) stebėjimą ir matavimą. -A környezetvédelmi monitoringlétesítmények elhelyezkedése és működése magában foglalja a kibocsátásnak, a környezeti elemek állapotának, valamint az ökoszisztéma egyéb paramétereinek (biodiverzitás, a növényzet ökológiai állapota stb.) a hatóságok általi vagy a nevükben történő megfigyelését és mérését. -Installations de suivi environnemental -Keskkonnaseirerajatiste asukoht ja kasutamine hõlmab heidete, keskkonnaelementide seisundi ja muude ökosüsteemi parameetrite (bioloogilise mitmekesisuse, taimkatte ökoloogiliste tingimuste jne) vaatlust ja mõõtmist avaliku võimu kandjate poolt või nende nimel. -Keskkonnaseirerajatised -Ympäristön tilan seurantalaitteiden sijaintiin ja käyttöön kuuluu päästöjen, ilman, maaperän ja veden tilan ja muiden ekosysteemin muuttujien (luonnon monimuotoisuus, kasviston ekologiset olot jne.) seuranta ja mittaukset, joista vastaavat viranomaiset tai muut toimijat viranomaisten puolesta. -Ympäristön tilan seurantalaitteet -La situation et le fonctionnement des installations de suivi environnemental comprennent l'observation et la mesure des émissions, de l'état du milieu environnemental et d'autres paramètres de l'écosystème (biodiversité, conditions écologiques de la végétation, etc.) par les autorités publiques ou pour leur compte. -Location and operation of environmental monitoring facilities includes observation and measurement of emissions, of the state of environmental media and of other ecosystem parameters (biodiversity, ecological conditions of vegetation, etc.) by or on behalf of public authorities. -Instalaciones de observación del medio ambiente -La ubicación y funcionamiento de instalaciones de observación del medio ambiente, encargadas de observar y medir emisiones, el estado del medio ambiente y otros parámetros del ecosistema (biodiversidad, condiciones ecológicas de la vegetación, etc.), por parte de las autoridades públicas o en nombre de ellas. -Environmental monitoring facilities -Εγκαταστάσεις παρακολούθησης του περιβάλλοντος -Miljøovervågningsfaciliteter -Standort und Betrieb von Umweltüberwachungseinrichtungen einschließlich Beobachtung und Messung von Schadstoffen, des Zustands von Umweltmedien und anderen Parametern des Ökosystems (Artenvielfalt, ökologischer Zustand der Vegetation usw.) durch oder im Auftrag von öffentlichen Behörden. -Umweltüberwachung -Η τοποθεσία και η λειτουργία των εγκαταστάσεων παρακολούθησης του περιβάλλοντος περιλαμβάνει την παρατήρηση και τη μέτρηση των εκπομπών, της κατάστασης των στοιχείων του περιβάλλοντος και άλλων παραμέτρων του οικοσυστήματος (βιοποικιλότητα, οικολογική κατάσταση της βλάστησης, κ.λπ.) από τις δημόσιες αρχές ή για λογαριασμό τους. -Lokalisering og drift af miljøovervågningsfaciliteter omfatter observation og måling af emissioner, af miljøelementernes tilstand og af andre økosystemparametre (biodiversitet, plantevækstens økologiske betingelser, osv.) foretaget af eller på vegne af offentlige myndigheder. -Zařízení pro sledování životního prostředí -Местонахождението и действието на съоръжения за мониторинг на околната среда включват наблюдение и измерване на емисиите, на състоянието на факторите на околната среда и на други параметри на екосистемата (биологично разнообразие, екологични условия на флората и други), извършвани от публичните власти или от тяхно име. -Съоръжения за управление на околната среда -Rozmístění a provoz zařízení pro sledování životního prostředí zahrnuje pozorování a měření emisí, stavu složek životního prostředí a dalších ukazatelů ekosystému (druhové rozmanitosti, ekologických podmínek rostlinstva atd.) orgány veřejné správy nebo jejich jménem. -Instal·lacions d'observació del medi ambientUbicació i funcionament d’instal·lacions d’observació del medi ambient, encarregades d’observar i mesurar emissions, l’estat del medi ambient i altres paràmetres de l’ecosistema (biodiversitat, condicions ecològiques de la vegetació, etc.) per part de les autoritats públiques o en nom d’aquestes. - -pf -Industriella produktionsställen, inbegripet anläggningar som omfattas av rådets direktiv 96/61/EG av den 24 september 1996 om samordnande åtgärder för att förebygga och begränsa föroreningar (1) samt vattenverk, gruvor och upplagsplatser. -Produktions- och industrianläggningar -Instalaţii de producţie şi industriale -Priemyselné výrobné podniky vrátane zariadení, na ktoré sa vzťahuje smernica Rady 96/61/ES z 24. septembra 1996 o integrovanej prevencii a kontrole znečisťovania životného prostredia (1), a zariadenia na čerpanie vody, bane, sklady. -Parcuri de producţie industrială, inclusiv instalaţiile reglementate de Directiva 96/61/CE a Consiliului din 24 septembrie 1996 privind prevenirea şi controlul integrat al poluării (1), precum şi instalaţiile de captare a apei, de extracţie minieră şi locurile de depozitare. -Proizvodni in industrijski objekti in naprave -Območja za industrijsko proizvodnjo, vključno z obrati, ki jih zajema Direktiva Sveta 96/61/ES z dne 24. septembra 1996 o celovitem preprečevanju in nadzorovanju onesnaževanja (1) ter objekti in napravami za odvzem vode, rudniki, skladišči. -Výrobné a priemyselné zariadenia -Faciliteiten voor productie en industrie -Zakłady przemysłowe, w tym obiekty objęte dyrektywą 96/61/WE z dnia 24 września 1996 r. dotycząca zintegrowanego zapobiegania zanieczyszczeniom i ich kontroli (1) oraz urządzenia poboru wody, miejsca wydobycia i składowiska. -Instalações industriais e de produção -Locais de produção industrial, incluindo instalações abrangidas pela Directiva 96/61/CE do Conselho, de 24 de Setembro de 1996, relativa à prevenção e controlo integrados da poluição (1), e instalações de captação de água, minas, locais de armazenagem. -Obiekty produkcyjne i przemysłowe -Ražošanas un rūpniecības iekārtas -Siti ta' produzzjoni industrijali, inklużi installazzjonijiet koperti mid-Direttiva tal-Kunsill 96/61/KE ta' l- 24 ta' Settembru 1996 dwar il-prevenzjoni u l-kontroll integrat tat-tniġġis (1) u faċilitajiet ta' astrazzjoni ta' l-ilma, tħaffir ta' minjieri, siti ta' ħażna. -Faċilitajiet ta' produzzjoni u industrijali -Rūpniecības ražošanas novietnes, tostarp iekārtas, kas iekļautas Padomes Direktīvā 96/61/EK (1996. gada 24. septembris) par piesārņojuma integrētu novēršanu un kontroli (1), un iekārtas, ko izmanto ūdens ņemšanai, kalnrūpniecībā vai uzglabāšanai. -Industriële productievestigingen, met inbegrip van installaties die onder Richtlijn 96/61/EG van de Raad van 24 september 1996 inzake geïntegreerde preventie en bestrijding van verontreiniging (1) vallen en waterontrekkingsfaciliteiten, mijnbouw, opslagplaatsen. -Siti di produzione industriale; compresi gli impianti di cui alla direttiva 96/61/CE del Consiglio, del 24 settembre 1996, sulla prevenzione e la riduzione integrate dell'inquinamento (1) e gli impianti di estrazione dell’acqua, le attività estrattive e i siti di stoccaggio. -Produzione e impianti industriali -Pramoninės gamybos įmonės, įskaitant įrenginius, kuriems taikoma 1996 m. rugsėjo 24 d. Tarybos direktyva 96/61/EB dėl taršos integruotos prevencijos ir kontrolės (1), ir vandens ėmimo įmones, kasybos, sandėliavimo vietas. -Gamybos ir pramonės įrenginiai -Tuotanto- ja teollisuuslaitokset -Sites de production industrielle, y compris les installations couvertes par la directive 96/61/CE du Conseil du 24 septembre 1996 relative à la prévention et à la réduction intégrées de la pollution (1) et les installations de captage d'eau, d'extraction minière et de stockage. -Lieux de production et sites industriels -Ipari termelőhelyek, beleértve a környezetszennyezés integrált megelőzéséről és csökkentéséről szóló, 1996. szeptember 24-i 96/61/EK tanácsi irányelv (1) által szabályozott berendezéseket, valamint a vízkivételt, a bányászati és a tárolólétesítményeket. -Termelő és ipari létesítmények -Teollisuusalueet, mukaan luettuina ympäristön pilaantumisen ehkäisemisen ja vähentämisen yhtenäistämiseksi 24 päivänä syyskuuta 1996 annetun neuvoston direktiivin 96/61/EY (1) soveltamisalaan kuuluvat laitokset sekä vedenottamot, kaivokset ja varastoalueet. -Tootmis- ja tööstusrajatised -Instalaciones de producción e industriales -Tööstusliku tootmise asukohad, sealhulgas nõukogu 24. septembri 1996. aasta direktiiviga 96/61/EÜ saastuse kompleksse vältimise ja kontrolli kohta (1) hõlmatud rajatised ning veevõtukohad, kaevandused ja ladustamiskohad. -Εγκαταστάσεις παραγωγής και βιομηχανικές εγκαταστάσεις -Industrial production sites, including installations covered by Council Directive 96/61/EC of 24 September 1996 concerning integrated pollution prevention and control (1) and water abstraction facilities, mining, storage sites. -Production and industrial facilities -Centros de producción industrial, incluidas las instalaciones contempladas en la Directiva 96/61/CE del Consejo, de 24 de septiembre de 1996, sobre la prevención y el control integrado de la contaminación (1), e instalaciones de extracción de agua, instalaciones mineras, centros de almacenamiento. -Produktions- und Industrieanlagen -Τοποθεσίες βιομηχανικής παραγωγής, συμπεριλαμβανομένων των εγκαταστάσεων που καλύπτονται από την οδηγία 96/61/ΕΚ του Συμβουλίου, της 24ης Σεπτεμβρίου 1996, σχετικά με την ολοκληρωμένη πρόληψη και έλεγχο της ρύπανσης (1), και εγκαταστάσεις υδροληψίας, εξόρυξης, χώροι αποθήκευσης. -Místa s průmyslovou výrobou, včetně zařízení, na která se vztahuje směrnice Rady 96/61/ES ze dne 24. září 1996 o integrované prevenci a omezování znečištění (1), a zařízení na jímání vody, těžbu, skladiště a úložiště. -Výrobní a průmyslová zařízení -Industrielle produktionsanlæg, herunder de anlæg, der er omfattet af Rådets direktiv 96/61/EF af 24. september 1996 om forebyggelse og bekæmpelse af forurening (1), og vandudvindingsanlæg, miner, oplagspladser. -Produktions- og industrifaciliteter -Standorte für industrielle Produktion, einschließlich durch die Richtlinie 96/61/EG des Rates vom 24. September 1996 über die integrierte Vermeidung und Verminderung der Umweltverschmutzung (1) erfasste Anlagen und Einrichtungen zur Wasserentnahme sowie Bergbau- und Lagerstandorte. -Производствени и промишлени съоръжения -Промишлени обекти, включително инсталации, обхванати от Директива 96/61/ЕО на Съвета от 24 септември 1996 г. за комплексно предотвратяване и контрол на замърсяването (1), и съоръжения за водочерпене, минни съоръжения, складови обекти. -Instal·lacions de producció i industrialsCentres de producció industrial, incloses les instal·lacions que preveu la Directiva 96/61/CE del Consell, de 24 de setembre de 1996, sobre la prevenció i el control integrat de la contaminació, i instal·lacions d’extracció d’aigua, instal·lacions mineres i centres d’emmagatzematge. - -af -Jordbruks- och vattenbruksanläggningar -Objekti in naprave za kmetijstvo in ribogojstvo -Jordbruksutrustning och produktionsanläggningar (inbegripet bevattningssystem, växthus och djurstallar). -Poľnohospodárske zariadenia a zariadenia akvakultúry -Kmetijska oprema ter proizvodni objekti in naprave (vključno z namakalnimi sistemi, rastlinjaki in hlevi). -Instalações agrícolas e aquícolas -Echipament şi instalaţii de producţie agricolă (inclusiv sisteme de irigaţie, sere şi grajduri). -Instalaţii agricole şi pentru acvacultură -Poľnohospodárske vybavenie a výrobné zariadenia (vrátane zavlažovacích systémov, skleníkov a stajní). -Equipamento e instalações de explorações agrícolas e aquícolas (incluindo sistemas de irrigação, estufas e viveiros, e estábulos). -Urządzenia rolnicze oraz urządzenia produkcyjne (łącznie z systemami nawadniania, szklarniami i stajniami). -Obiekty rolnicze oraz akwakultury -Tagħmir tal-biedja u faċilitajiet ta' produzzjoni (inklużi sistemi ta' irrigazzjoni, serer u stalel). -Faċilitajiet agrikoli u ta' l-akwakultura -Landbouwuitrusting en productiefaciliteiten (met inbegrip van irrigatiesystemen, broeikassen en stallen). -Faciliteiten voor landbouw en aquacultuur -Lauksaimniecības ierīces un ražošanas iekārtas (tostarp apūdeņošanas sistēmas, siltumnīcas un staļļi). -Lauksaimniecības un akvakultūras iekārtas -Žemės ūkio ir akvakultūros infrastruktūra -Apparecchiature e impianti di produzione agricola (compresi i sistemi di irrigazione, le serre e le stalle). -Žemės ūkio įrenginiai ir gamybos infrastruktūra (įskaitant drėkinimo sistemas, šiltnamius ir tvartus). -Impianti agricoli e di acquacoltura -Γεωργικές εγκαταστάσεις και εγκαταστάσεις υδατοκαλλιέργειας -Mezőgazdasági és akvakultúra-ágazati létesítmények -Mezőgazdasági eszközök és termelőlétesítmények (beleértve az öntözőrendszereket, üvegházakat és istállókat). -Installations agricoles et aquacoles -Équipement et installations de production agricoles (y compris les systèmes d'irrigation, les serres et les étables). -Maatalouden tuotantolaitteet ja -laitteistot (mukaan luettuina kastelujärjestelmät, kasvihuoneet ja eläinsuojat). -Maatalous- ja vesiviljelylaitokset -Põllumajandus- ja vesiviljelusrajatised -Põllumajandusseadmed ja tootmisrajatised (sealhulgas niisutussüsteemid, kasvuhooned ja laudad). -Instalaciones agrícolas y de acuicultura -Farming equipment and production facilities (including irrigation systems, greenhouses and stables). -Agricultural and aquaculture facilities -Equipamiento e instalaciones de producción agraria (incluidos sistemas de regadío, invernaderos y establos). -Селскостопански и водностопански съоръжения -Vybavení a zařízení zemědělské výroby (včetně zavlažovacích systémů, skleníků a stájí). -Zemědělská a akvakulturní zařízení -Оборудване за селски стопанства и производствени мощности (включително поливни системи, парници и обори). -Landwirtschaftliche Anlagen und Aquakulturanlagen -Γεωργικός εξοπλισμός και εγκαταστάσεις παραγωγής (συμπεριλαμβανομένων των συστημάτων άρδευσης, των θερμοκηπίων και των στάβλων). -Landbrugsudstyr og -produktionsanlæg (herunder vandingssystemer, drivhuse og stalde). -Landbrugs- og akvakulturanlæg -Landwirtschaftliche Anlagen und Produktionsstätten (einschließlich Bewässerungssystemen, Gewächshäusern und Ställen). -Instal·lacions agrícoles i d'aqüiculturaEquipaments i instal·lacions de producció agrària (inclosos sistemes de regadiu, hivernacles i estables). - -pd -Befolkningsfördelning – demografi -Geografska porazdelitev ljudi, vključno z značilnostmi populacije in ravnmi aktivnosti, razvrščenih po koordinatah, regiji, upravni enoti ali drugi analitični enoti. -Porazdelitev prebivalstva – demografski podatki -Geografisk fördelning av människor, inbegripet befolkningskarakteristiska och sysselsättningsgrader, i rutnät, regioner, administrativa enheter eller andra analysenheter. -Repartizarea populaţiei – demografie -Geografické rozmiestnenie obyvateľstva vrátane charakteristík obyvateľstva a úrovní činností zoskupené podľa siete, regiónu, administratívnej jednotky alebo inej analytickej jednotky. -Repartizare geografică a populaţiei, inclusiv caracteristicile populaţiei şi nivelurile de activitate, regrupate pe grilă, regiune, unitate administrativă sau altă unitate analitică. -Rozmiestnenie obyvateľstva – demografia -Distribuição geográfica da população, incluindo características demográficas e níveis de actividade, agregada por quadrícula, região, unidade administrativa ou outra unidade analítica. -Distribuição da população — demografia -Spreiding van de bevolking — demografie -Geograficzne rozmieszczenie ludności, łącznie z poziomami aktywności i charakterystyką ludności, pogrupowanej według siatki geograficznej, regionu, jednostki administracyjnej lub innej jednostki analitycznej. -Rozmieszczenie ludności – demografia -Iedzīvotāju ģeogrāfiskais sadalījums, tostarp iedzīvotāju raksturojumi un darbības līmeņi, grupējot pēc koordinātu tīkla, reģiona, administratīvām vai citām analītiskām vienībām. -Iedzīvotāju sadalījums – demogrāfija -Distribuzzjoni ġeografika ta' nies, inkluż karatteristiċi ta' popolazzjoni u livelli ta' attivitajiet, miġbura flimkien skond il-grilja, ir-reġjun, l-unità amministrattiva jew unità analitika oħra. -Distribuzzjoni tal-popolazzjoni – demografija -Geografische spreiding van de bevolking, met inbegrip van bevolkingskenmerken en activiteitsniveaus, verzameld per raster, regio, administratieve eenheid of andere analytische eenheid. -Distribuzione della popolazione — demografia -Geografinis žmonių pasiskirstymas, įskaitant gyventojų savybes ir aktyvumo lygius, pagal tinklelį, regioną, administracinį ar kitą analitinį vienetą. -Gyventojų pasiskirstymas – demografija -Répartition de la population — démographie -A népesség földrajzi eloszlása – beleértve a népességi jellemzőket és a tevékenységi szinteket is – térképrács, régió, közigazgatási egység vagy más elemzési egység alapján összesítve. -A népesség eloszlása – demográfia -Distribuzione geografica della popolazione, comprese le relative caratteristiche ed i livelli di attività, aggregata per griglia, regione, unità amministrativa o altra unità analitica. -Elanikkonna jaotumine – demograafia -Väestön maantieteellinen jakautuminen, mukaan lukien väestöä koskevat tunnusluvut ja taloudellisen toimeliaisuuden tasot, yhdisteltynä ruudukoittain, alueittain, hallintoyksiköittäin tai muiden analyyttisten yksiköitten mukaisesti jaoteltuna. -Väestöjakauma – demografia -Répartition géographique des personnes, avec les caractéristiques de population et les niveaux d'activité, regroupées par grille, région, unité administrative ou autre unité analytique. -Distribución de la población — demografía -Elanike, sealhulgas rahvastiku näitajate ja tegevuste geograafiline jaotumine ruutvõrgu, piirkondade, haldusüksuste või muude analüütiliste üksuste alusel. -Geographical distribution of people, including population characteristics and activity levels, aggregated by grid, region, administrative unit or other analytical unit. -Γεωγραφική κατανομή του πληθυσμού, συμπεριλαμβανομένων των χαρακτηριστικών του πληθυσμού και των επιπέδων δραστηριοτήτων, ανά κάνναβο, περιοχή, διοικητική ενότητα ή άλλη ενότητα ανάλυσης. -Population distribution — demography -Distribución geográfica de la población referidas a una cuadrícula, región, unidad administrativa u otro tipo de unidad analítica, incluyendo las características de la población y sus niveles de actividad. -Κατανομή πληθυσμού — δημογραφία -Rozložení obyvatelstva – demografie -Den geografiske fordeling af befolkningen, herunder befolkningskarakteristika og aktivitetsniveauer, i kvadratnetceller, forvaltningsenheder eller andre analytiske enheder. -Географско разпределение на населението, включително характеристики на населението и нива на дейност, представено обобщено по координати, регион, административна единица или друга аналитична единица. -Verteilung der Bevölkerung — Demografie -Befolkningsfordeling — demografi -Geografische Verteilung der Bevölkerung, einschließlich Bevölkerungsmerkmalen und Tätigkeitsebenen, zusammengefasst nach Gitter, Region, Verwaltungseinheit oder sonstigen analytischen Einheiten. -Разпределение на населението — демография -Zeměpisné rozložení osob, včetně charakteristik obyvatelstva a druhů činnosti, seskupených podle souřadnicové sítě, regionu, správní jednotky nebo jiné analytické jednotky. -Distribució de la població - demografiaDistribució geogràfica de la població referida a una quadrícula, regió, unitat administrativa o un altre tipus d’unitat analítica, incloent-hi característiques de la població i nivells d’activitat. - -am -Spravované/obmedzené/regulované zóny a jednotky podávajúce správy -Območja, ki se upravljajo, urejajo ali uporabljajo za poročanje na mednarodni, evropski, nacionalni, regionalni in lokalni ravni. Vključujejo odlagališča odpadkov, zaprta območja okrog virov pitne vode, cone, občutljive na nitrate, urejene plovne poti po morju ali velikih celinskih vodah, območja za odlaganje odpadkov, cone z omejitvijo hrupa, območja, kjer je potrebno dovoljenje za iskanje rud in rudarjenje, predele povodij, ustrezne poročevalske enote in območja upravljanja obalnih con. -Områden med särskild förvaltning/begränsningar/reglering samt enheter för rapportering -Območja upravljanja/zaprta območja/regulirana območja in poročevalske enote -Områden som förvaltas, regleras eller används för rapportering på internationell, europeisk, nationell, regional och lokal nivå. Innefattar avfallsdeponier, skyddsområden runt dricksvattentäkter, områden som är känsliga för nitratbelastning, reglerade farleder till havs och i större inlandsvatten, områden för dumpning av avfall, områden med bullerrestriktioner, områden med tillstånd för prospektering och gruvbrytning, avrinningsdistrikt, relevanta enheter för rapportering och områden med kustförvaltning. -Zone de administrare/restricţie/reglementare şi unităţi de raportare -Oblasti, ktoré sú spravované, regulované alebo využívané na podávanie správ na medzinárodnej, európskej, celoštátnej, regionálnej a miestnej úrovni. Patria sem skládky, ochranné pásma v okolí zdrojov pitnej vody, oblasti citlivé na dusík, regulované plavebné cesty na mori alebo na rozsiahlych vnútrozemských vodných plochách a tokoch, oblasti určené na skladovanie odpadu, oblasti s obmedzením hluku, oblasti, v ktorých je povolený prieskum a ťažba, oblasti povodí, príslušné jednotky na podávanie správ a oblasti správy pobrežných zón. -Zone administrate, reglementate sau folosite pentru raportarea la nivel internaţional, european, naţional, regional şi local. Sunt incluse gropile de gunoi, zonele restricţionate din apropierea surselor de apă potabilă, zonele vulnerabile la nitraţi, şenalele navigabile reglementate de pe mare sau din apele interne importante, zonele destinate descărcării deşeurilor, zonele în care au fost introduse limite de zgomot, zonele care fac obiectul unui permis de prospectare şi de exploatare minieră, districtele hidrografice, unităţile de raportare corespunzătoare şi zonele de administrare a litoralului. -Gebiedsbeheer, gebieden waar beperkingen gelden, gereguleerde gebieden en rapportage-eenheden -Obszary zarządzane, regulowane lub wykorzystywane do celów sprawozdawczych na poziomie międzynarodowym, europejskim, krajowym, regionalnym i lokalnym. Obejmują również wysypiska śmieci, obszary o ograniczonym dostępie wokół ujęć wody pitnej, strefy zagrożone przez azotany, uregulowane drogi wodne na morzach lub wodach śródlądowych o dużej powierzchni, obszary przeznaczone pod wysypiska śmieci, strefy ograniczeń hałasu, obszary wymagające zezwolenia na poszukiwania i wydobycie, obszary dorzeczy, odpowiednie jednostki sprawozdawcze i obszary zarządzania strefą brzegową. -Zonas de gestão/restrição/regulamentação e unidades de referência -Gospodarowanie obszarem/strefy ograniczone/regulacyjne oraz jednostki sprawozdawcze -Zonas geridas, regulamentadas ou utilizadas para a comunicação de dados a nível internacional, europeu, nacional, regional e local. Compreende aterros, zonas de acesso restrito em torno de nascentes de água potável, zonas sensíveis aos nitratos, vias navegáveis regulamentadas no mar ou em águas interiores de grandes dimensões, zonas de descarga de resíduos, zonas de ruído condicionado, zonas autorizadas para efeitos de prospecção e extracção mineira, bacias hidrográficas, unidades de referência pertinentes e zonas abrangidas pela gestão das zonas costeiras. -Apgabala pārvaldības/ierobežojumu/reglamentētas zonas un ziņošanas vienības -Żoni amministrati, regolati jew użati għar-rappurtar fuq il-livell internazzjonali, Ewropew, nazzjonali, reġjonali u lokali. Huma inklużi siti użati għar-radam, żoni ristretti madwar għejjun ta' l-ilma għax-xorb, żoni vulnerabbli għannitrati, kanali regolati fil-baħar jew f'ilmijiet interni kbar, żoni għar-radam ta' l-iskart, żoni għar-restrizzjoni ta' listorbju, żoni b'permess għat-tħaffir u għat-tiftix ta' minerali, distretti ta' baċiri tax-xmajjar, unitajiet ta' rapportar rilevanti u żoni ta' amministrazzjoni ta' l-inħawi tal-kosta. -Zone sottoposte a gestione/limitazioni/regolamentazione e unità con obbligo di comunicare dati -Tvarkomos/ribojamos/reglamentuojamos zonos ir vienetai, už kuriuos atsiskaitoma tarptautiniu, Europos, nacionaliniu, regioniniu arba vietos lygmeniu tvarkomos ir reglamentuojamos zonos arba zonos, apie kurias rengiamos ataskaitos. Tai apima sąvartynus, ribotos veiklos zonas aplink geriamo vandens šaltinius, nitratų pažeidžiamas zonas, reglamentuojamus jūros arba didelių vidaus vandenų farvaterius, atliekų aikšteles, zonas, kuriose ribojamas triukšmas, vietas, kuriose reikalingas leidimas žvalgybai ar kasinėjimui, upių baseinų sritis, atitinkamas vietoves, apie kurias rengiamos ataskaitos, ir pakrančių zonos tvarkymo vietoves. -Amministrazzjoni ta' żoni/restrizzjoni/żoni regolati u unitajiet ta' rapportar -Gebieden die worden beheerd, gereguleerd of gebruikt voor rapportage op internationaal, Europees, nationaal, regionaal en lokaal niveau, met inbegrip van stortplaatsen, gebieden rond drinkwaterbronnen waar beperkingen gelden, nitraatgevoelige gebieden, gereguleerde vaarwegen op zee of op grote binnenwateren, gebieden voor het storten van afval, gebieden waar geluidsbeperkingen gelden, gebieden met toestemming voor exploratie en mijnbouw, stoomgebieden, relevante rapportage-eenheden en gebieden voor kustbeheer. -Tvarkomos teritorijos, ribojamos ir reglamentuojamos zonos bei vienetai, už kuriuos atsiskaitoma -Apgabali, ko pārvalda, reglamentē vai lieto, lai sniegtu ziņojumus starptautiskā, Eiropas, valsts, reģiona un pašvaldības līmenī. Ietver izgāztuves, liegumus ap dzeramā ūdens avotiem, pret nitrātiem jutīgas zonas, reglamentētus kuģu ceļus jūrā vai lielos iekšzemes ūdeņos, atkritumu izgāšanas apgabalus, zonas ar trokšņu ierobežojumiem, zonas, kurās atļauta ģeoloģisko atradņu izpēte un izrakteņu ieguve, upju baseinu apgabalus, attiecīgas ziņošanas vienības un krasta zonas apsaimniekošanas apgabalus. -Területgazdálkodási/-korlátozási/-szabályozási övezetek és adatszolgáltató egységek -Aree gestite, regolamentate o utilizzate per la comunicazione di dati a livello internazionale, europeo, nazionale, regionale e locale. Sono comprese le discariche, le zone vietate attorno alle sorgenti di acqua potabile, le zone sensibili ai nitrati, le vie navigabili regolamentate in mare o in acque interne di grandi dimensioni, le zone per lo smaltimento dei rifiuti, le zone di limitazione del rumore, le zone in cui sono autorizzate attività di prospezione ed estrazione, i distretti idrografici, le pertinenti unità con obbligo di comunicare dati e le aree in cui vigono piani di gestione delle zone costiere. -Zones de gestion, de restriction ou de réglementation et unités de déclaration -A nemzetközi, európai, nemzeti, regionális és helyi szintű adatszolgáltatás céljából irányított, szabályozott vagy használt területek. Ide tartoznak a lerakóhelyek, az ivóvízforrásokat övező korlátozás alá tartozó területek, a nitrátérzékeny területek, a tengeri hajóutak vagy nagy kiterjedésű belvizek szabályozott hajózóútjai, a hulladéklerakásra kijelölt területek, a zajvédelmi zónák, az előkészítő és bányászatiengedély-köteles területek, a folyómedri kerületek, a megfelelő adatszolgáltató egységek és a tengerparti igazgatási térségek. -Zones gérées, réglementées ou utilisées pour les rapports aux niveaux international, européen, national, régional et local. Sont inclus les décharges, les zones restreintes aux alentours des sources d'eau potable, les zones vulnérables aux nitrates, les chenaux réglementés en mer ou les eaux intérieures importantes, les zones destinées à la décharge de déchets, les zones soumises à limitation du bruit, les zones faisant l'objet de permis d'exploration et d'extraction minière, les districts hydrographiques, les unités correspondantes utilisées pour les rapports et les zones de gestion du littoral. -Aluesuunnittelun, rajoitusten ja sääntelyn piiriin kuuluvat alueet ja raportointiyksiköt -Üldplaneering/piirangu-/reguleeritud tsoonid ja aruandlusüksused -Alueet, joita hoidetaan, säännellään tai käytetään kansainvälisen, Euroopan, kansallisen, alueellisen tai paikallisen tason raportointiin. Sisältää kaatopaikat, juomavedenottopaikkoja ympäröivät suoja-alueet, nitraatin aiheuttamalle pilaantumiselle alttiit alueet, säännellyt laivaväylät merellä tai suurilla sisävesillä, jätteiden upottamiskiellon soveltamisalaan kuuluvat alueet, melurajoitusalueet, luonnonvarojen tai malmin etsintäalueet, ja kaivostoiminnan lupa-alueet, vesipiirit, asiaankuuluvat raportointiyksiköt ja rannikkoalueiden hallinta-alueet. -Alad, mille haldamisest, reguleerimisest või kasutamisest antakse aru rahvusvahelisel, Euroopa, riiklikul, piirkondlikul ja kohalikul tasandil. Hõlmab kaadamiskohti, joogiveeallikate ümber asuvaid piirangutsoone, nitraaditundlikke tsoone, reguleeritavaid laevateid merel või suurtel siseveekogudel, jäätmete kaadamise alasid, mürapiirangutsoone, geoloogiliste uuringute ja kaevanduste alasid, valgalasid, asjakohaseid aruandlusüksusi ning rannikukaitsealasid. -Zonas sujetas a ordenación, a restricciones o reglamentaciones y unidades de notificación -Zonas gestionadas, reglamentadas o utilizadas para la elaboración de informes para organismos internacionales, europeos, nacionales, regionales y locales. Se incluirán vertederos, zonas restringidas alrededor de lugares de extracción de agua potable, zonas sensibles a los nitratos, rutas marítimas o por grandes vías navegables reglamentadas, zonas de vertido, zonas de restricción de ruidos, zonas de prospección o extracción minera, demarcaciones hidrográficas, las correspondientes unidades de notificación y planes de ordenación de zonas costeras. -Area management/restriction/regulation zones and reporting units -Bewirtschaftungsgebiete/Schutzgebiete/geregelte Gebiete und Berichterstattungseinheiten -Εκτάσεις υπό διαχείριση, υπό ρύθμιση ή χρησιμοποιούμενες για αναφορά σε διεθνές, ευρωπαϊκό, εθνικό, περιφερειακό και τοπικό επίπεδο. Περιλαμβάνονται χώροι απόρριψης, προστατευόμενες περιοχές γύρω από πηγές πόσιμου νερού, ζώνες ευάλωτες στη νιτρορρύπανση, κανονιστικά ρυθμιζόμενοι δίαυλοι θαλάσσιας ή εσωτερικής ναυσιπλοΐας, περιοχές για τη βύθιση αποβλήτων, ζώνες προστασίας από τον θόρυβο, περιοχές όπου επιτρέπεται η μεταλλευτική έρευνα και εξόρυξη, διοικητικές περιοχές ποτάμιων λεκανών, σχετικές μονάδες αναφοράς και περιοχές διαχείρισης παράκτιας ζώνης. -Ζώνες διαχείρισης/περιορισμού/ρύθμισης εκτάσεων και μονάδες αναφοράς -Areas managed, regulated or used for reporting at international, European, national, regional and local levels. Includes dumping sites, restricted areas around drinking water sources, nitrate-vulnerable zones, regulated fairways at sea or large inland waters, areas for the dumping of waste, noise restriction zones, prospecting and mining permit areas, river basin districts, relevant reporting units and coastal zone management areas. -Områder, der forvaltes, reguleres eller benyttes som indberetningsenheder på internationalt, europæisk, nationalt, regionalt og lokalt plan. Omfatter affaldsdepoter, områder med brugsbegrænsninger af hensyn til drikkevandsindvinding, nitratfølsomme områder, regulerede sejlruter til søs og på større indlandsvandområder, områder for dumpning af affald, områder med støjbegrænsning, områder, hvor der er tilladelse til efterforskning og minedrift, vandområdedistrikter, relevante indberetningsenheder samt områder for kystzoneforvaltning. -Auf internationaler, europäischer, nationaler, regionaler und lokaler Ebene bewirtschaftete, geregelte oder zu Zwecken der Berichterstattung herangezogene Gebiete. Dazu zählen Deponien, Trinkwasserschutzgebiete, nitratempfindliche Gebiete, geregelte Fahrwasser auf See oder auf großen Binnengewässern, Gebiete für die Abfallverklappung, Lärmschutzgebiete, für Exploration und Bergbau ausgewiesene Gebiete, Flussgebietseinheiten, entsprechende Berichterstattungseinheiten und Gebiete des Küstenzonenmanagements. -Forvaltede og regulerede områder samt områder med brugsbegrænsning og indberetningsenheder -Správní oblasti/chráněná pásma/regulovaná území a jednotky podávající hlášení -Oblasti spravované, regulované nebo používané pro hlášení na mezinárodní, evropské, celostátní, regionální nebo místní úrovni. Zahrnuje skládky, pásma hygienické ochrany vodních zdrojů, oblasti zranitelné dusičnany, regulované plavební dráhy na moři nebo rozsáhlých vnitrozemských vodních plochách, oblasti pro ukládání odpadů, pásma s omezením hladiny hluku, povolená průzkumná a těžební území, oblasti povodí, příslušné jednotky pro podávání hlášení a pásma pobřežní správy. -Управление на територията/ограничени/регулирани зони и отчетни единици -Зони, управлявани, регулирани или използвани за докладване на международно, европейско, национално, регионално и местно равнище. Включва складови обекти, ограничени райони около източници на питейна вода, уязвими от замърсяване с нитрати зони, контролирани морски проходи или големи вътрешни водни пътища, райони за складиране на отпадъци, зони с наложени ограничения върху шума, проучвателни и минни райони, райони на речни басейни, съответни отчетни единици и зони за управление на брегови райони. 25.4.2007 г. BG Официален вестник на Европейския съюз L 108/13 -Zones subjectes a ordenació, a restriccions o reglamentacions i unitats de notificació.Zones gestionades, reglamentades o utilitzades per a l’elaboració d’informes per a organismes internacionals, europeus, nacionals, regionals i locals. S’inclouran abocadors, zones restringides al voltant de llocs d’extracció d’aigua potable, zones sensibles als nitrats, rutes marítimes o per grans vies navegables reglamentades, zones d’abocament, zones de restricció de soroll, zones de prospecció o extracció minera, demarcacions hidrogràfiques, les corresponents unitats de notificació i plans d’ordenació de zones costaneres. - -nz -Območja nevarnosti naravnih nesreč -Sårbara områden klassificerade efter naturliga risker (alla atmosfäriska, hydrologiska, seismiska och vulkaniska fenomen samt bränder som på grund av läge, omfattning och frekvens har potential att allvarligt påverka samhället), exempelvis översvämningar, jordskred och sättningar, laviner, skogsbränder, jordbävningar, vulkanutbrott. -Naturliga riskområden -Ranljiva območja, opredeljena glede na naravna tveganja (vsi atmosferski, hidrološki, seizmični, vulkanski pojavi in požari, ki zaradi svoje lokacije, resnosti in pogostosti lahko resno ogrozijo družbo), npr. poplave, zemeljski plazovi in pogrezanje tal, snežni plazovi, gozdni požari, potresi, vulkanski izbruhi. -Zóny prírodného rizika -Zone de risc natural -Citlivé oblasti charakterizované podľa prírodných rizík (všetky atmosférické, hydrologické, seizmické, vulkanické javy a ničivé požiare, ktoré môžu mať s ohľadom na ich polohu, závažnosť a početnosť vážny vplyv na spoločnosť), napr. záplavy, zosuvy pôdy a pokles terénu, lavíny, lesné požiare, zemetrasenia, sopečné výbuchy. -Zone vulnerabile caracterizate în funcţie de riscurile naturale (orice fenomen atmosferic, hidrologic, seismic, vulcanic, precum şi incendiile, care, din cauza locaţiei, a gravităţii şi a frecvenţei, pot afecta grav societatea), precum inundaţiile, alunecările şi surpările de teren, avalanşele, incendiile forestiere, cutremurele de pământ şi erupţiile vulcanice. -Zonas de risco natural -Strefy zagrożenia naturalnego -Zonas sensíveis, caracterizadas de acordo com os riscos naturais (todos os fenómenos atmosféricos, hidrológicos, sísmicos, vulcânicos e os incêndios que, pela sua localização, gravidade e frequência, possam afectar gravemente a sociedade), como sejam inundações, deslizamentos de terras e subsidências, avalanches, incêndios florestais, sismos, erupções vulcânicas. -Żoni ta' riskju naturali -Kwetsbare gebieden die worden gekenmerkt door natuurrisico's (alle atmosferische, hydrologische, seismische, vulkanische verschijnselen en ongecontroleerde branden die door hun locatie, hevigheid en frequentie, mogelijk ernstige maatschappelijke gevolgen kunnen hebben), zoals overstromingen, aardverschuivingen en -verzakkingen, lawines, bosbranden, aardbevingen en vulkaanuitbarstingen. -Gebieden met natuurrisico'es -Żoni vulnerabbli kkaratterizzati skond perikli naturali (kull fenomenu atmosferiku, idroloġiku, sismiku, vulkaniku u tan-nirien mifruxa li, minħabba fejn jinsabu, il-qawwa, u l-frekwenza tagħhom, għandhom il-potenzjal li jaffettwaw b'mod gravi s-soċjetà), eż. għargħar, żerżiq ta' l-art u ċediment ta' l-art, valangi, nirien fil-foresti, terremoti, eruzzjonijiet vulkaniċi. -Obszary zagrożone charakteryzowane na podstawie zagrożeń naturalnych (wszystkie zjawiska atmosferyczne, hydrologiczne, sejsmiczne, wulkaniczne oraz pożary, które, ze względu na swoją lokalizację, dotkliwość i częstotliwość mogą wywierać poważny wpływ na społeczeństwo), np. powodzie, osunięcia ziemi i osiadanie gruntu, lawiny, pożary lasów, trzęsienia ziemi, wybuchy wulkanów. -Dabas apdraudējuma zonas -Gamtinių pavojų zonos -Apgabali, kam raksturīgi dabas apdraudējumi (visas atmosfēriskās, hidroloģiskās, seismiskās, vulkāniskās parādības un dabiskie ugunsgrēki, kas sakarā ar atrašanās vietu, apjomu vai biežumu var nopietni skart sabiedrību), piemēram, plūdi, zemes nogruvumi un iegrimšana, lavīnas, mežu ugunsgrēki, zemestrīces un vulkānu izvirdumi. -Természeti kockázati zónák -Zone sensibili caratterizzate in base ai rischi naturali (cioè tutti i fenomeni atmosferici, idrologici, sismici, vulcanici e gli incendi che, per l’ubicazione, la gravità e la frequenza, possono avere un grave impatto sulla società), ad esempio inondazioni, slavine e subsidenze, valanghe, incendi di boschi/foreste, terremoti, eruzioni vulcaniche. -Zones sensibles caractérisées en fonction des risques naturels (tous les phénomènes atmosphériques, hydrologiques, sismiques, volcaniques, ainsi que les feux de friche qui peuvent, en raison de leur situation, de leur gravité et de leur fréquence, nuire gravement à la société), tels qu'inondations, glissements et affaissements de terrain, avalanches, incendies de forêts, tremblements de terre et éruptions volcaniques. -Zone a rischio naturale -Pažeidžiamos vietovės, suskirstytos pagal gamtinio pavojaus pobūdį (visi atmosferiniai, hidrologiniai, seisminiai, vulkaniniai ir savaiminių gaisrų reiškiniai, kurie dėl savo vietos, stiprumo ir dažnumo kelia didelę grėsmę visuomenei), pvz., potvyniai, nuošliaužos ir žemės nusėdimas, griūtys, miškų gaisrai, žemės drebėjimai, ugnikalnių išsiveržimai. -Zones à risque naturel -Természeti veszélyek, így pl. árvizek, földcsuszamlások, felszínsüllyedések, lavinák, erdőtüzek, földrengések, vulkánkitörések (minden légköri, hidrológiai, szeizmikus, vulkanikus és futótűzjelenség, amely – helye, súlyossága és előfordulási gyakorisága alapján – magában hordozza a komoly társadalmi károk okozásának lehetőségét) alapján jellemzett veszélyeztetett területek. -Luonnonriskialueet -Looduslikud ohutsoonid -Luonnonkatastrofien (kaikki ilmakehästä johtuvat, hydrologiset, seismiset, tuliperäiset ja maastopaloilmiöt, joilla sijaintinsa, vakavuutensa ja yleisyytensä vuoksi voi mahdollisesti olla vakavia vaikutuksia yhteiskuntaan), kuten tulvien, maanvyöryjen ja vajoamisen, lumivyöryjen, metsäpalojen, maanjäristysten ja tulivuortenpurkausten, mukaan luokitellut riskialueet. -Zonas de riesgos naturales -Tundlikud alad, mida iseloomustavad looduslikud riskitegurid (kõik atmosfäärilised, hüdroloogilised, seismilised, vulkaanilised ja looduspõlengute nähtused, mis oma asukoha, intensiivsuse ja sageduse tõttu võivad ühiskonnale tõsist kahju tuua), nt üleujutused, maalihked ja pinnase vajumine, laviinid, metsatulekahjud, maavärinad, vulkaanipursked. -Natural risk zones -Zonas vulnerables caracterizadas por la existencia de riesgos de carácter natural (cualquier fenómeno atmosférico, hidrológico, sísmico, volcánico o incendio natural que, debido a su localización, gravedad o frecuencia, pueda afectar negativamente a la población), p. ej., inundaciones, corrimientos de tierra y hundimientos, aludes, incendios forestales, terremotos, erupciones volcánicas. -Ζώνες φυσικών κινδύνων -Vulnerable areas characterised according to natural hazards (all atmospheric, hydrologic, seismic, volcanic and wildfire phenomena that, because of their location, severity, and frequency, have the potential to seriously affect society), e.g. floods, landslides and subsidence, avalanches, forest fires, earthquakes, volcanic eruptions. -Природни рискови зони -Zranitelné oblasti označené podle přírodního nebezpečí (všechny povětrnostní, hydrologické, seismické a sopečné úkazy, jakož i ničivé požáry, které mohou mít vzhledem ke svému výskytu, závažnosti a četnosti vážný dopad na společnost), např. povodně, sesuvy a sesedání půdy, laviny, lesní požáry, zemětřesení, sopečné výbuchy. -Områder med naturlige risici -Gefährdete Gebiete, eingestuft nach naturbedingten Risiken (sämtliche atmosphärischen, hydrologischen, seismischen, vulkanischen Phänomene sowie Naturfeuer, die aufgrund ihres örtlichen Auftretens sowie ihrer Schwere und Häufigkeit signifikante Auswirkungen auf die Gesellschaft haben können), z. B. Überschwemmungen, Erdrutsche und Bodensenkungen, Lawinen, Waldbrände, Erdbeben oder Vulkanausbrüche. -Gebiete mit naturbedingten Risiken -Χαρακτηρισμός ευάλωτων περιοχών ανάλογα με τους φυσικούς κινδύνους (όλα τα ατμοσφαιρικά, υδρολογικά, σεισμικά, ηφαιστειακά φαινόμενα και τα φαινόμενα καταστροφικών πυρκαγιών που, λόγω της θέσης, της σφοδρότητας και της συχνότητάς τους, είναι δυνατό να έχουν σοβαρές επιπτώσεις στην κοινωνία), π.χ. πλημμύρες, κατολισθήσεις και καθιζήσεις, χιονοστιβάδες, δασικές πυρκαγιές, σεισμοί, εκρήξεις ηφαιστείων. -Oblasti ohrožené přírodními riziky -Sårbare områder, karakteriseret efter naturlige risici (alle atmosfæriske, hydrologiske, seismiske og vulkanske fænomener samt brande, som på grund af stedet, hvor de forekommer, deres omfang og hyppighed kan få alvorlige følger for samfundet), f.eks. oversvømmelser, jordskred og sammensynkning, laviner, skovbrande, jordskælv og vulkanudbrud. -Уязвими райони, определени в зависимост от вида природен риск (всички атмосферни, хидрологични, сеизмични, вулканични и огнени явления, които поради местонахождението, силата и честотата на проявление могат да засегнат сериозно обществото), например наводнения, свличане и пропадане на земни маси, лавини, горски пожари, земетресения, изригвания на вулкани. -Zones de riscos naturalsZones vulnerables caracteritzades per l’existència de riscos de caràcter natural (qualsevol fenomen atmosfèric, hidrològic, sísmic, volcànic o incendi natural que, atesa la seva localització, gravetat o freqüència, pugui afectar negativament la població), per exemple, inundacions, esllavissades de terres i col·lapses, allaus, incendis forestals, terratrèmols o erupcions volcàniques. - -ac -Ozračje -Fysikaliska förhållanden i atmosfären. Inbegriper rumsliga data baserade på mätningar, modeller eller en kombination av dessa, samt mätpunkternas läge. -Atmosfäriska förhållanden -Condiţii atmosferice -Fyzikálne podmienky v atmosfére. Patria sem priestorové údaje založené na meraniach, modeloch alebo na kombinácii meraní a modelov vrátane miest meraní. -Atmosférické podmienky -Fizikalne razmere v atmosferi. Vključujejo prostorske podatke, ki temeljijo na merjenjih, vzorcih ali na kombinaciji leteh, in merilne lokacije. -Warunki fizyczne w atmosferze. Obejmują dane przestrzenne oparte na pomiarach, modelach lub na kombinacji tych dwóch elementów, a także lokalizacje pomiarów. -Warunki atmosferyczne -Condições físicas da atmosfera. Inclui dados geográficos baseados em medições, em modelos ou numa combinação de ambos, bem como os sítios de medição. -Condições atmosféricas -Condiţiile fizice din atmosferă. Sunt incluse datele spaţiale bazate pe măsurători, pe modele sau pe o combinaţie între acestea, precum şi locaţiile de efectuare a măsurătorilor. -Atmosferische omstandigheden -Fysische omstandigheden in de atmosfeer, met inbegrip van ruimtelijke gegevens die gebaseerd zijn op metingen, modellen of een combinatie daarvan, en met inbegrip van meetlocaties. -Kondizzjonijiet atmosferiċi -Kondizzjonijiet fiżiċi fl-atmosfera. Hija inkluża data ġeografika bbażata fuq kejl, fuq mudelli jew fuq il-kombinazzjoni tagħhom kif ukoll is-siti tal-kejl. -Atmosfēras apstākļi -Condizioni atmosferiche -Fizinės atmosferos sąlygos. Tai apima matavimais, modeliais arba abiem būdais pagrįstus erdvinius duomenis, nurodant matavimo vietas. -Atmosferos sąlygos -Fizikālie atmosfēras apstākļi. Tie ietver telpiskos datus, kuru pamatā ir mērījumi vai modeļi, vai to kombinācija, kā arī norādes par to veikšanas vietu. -Conditions physiques dans l'atmosphère. Comprend les données géographiques fondées sur des mesures, sur des modèles ou sur une combinaison des deux, ainsi que les lieux de mesure. -Conditions atmosphériques -A légkör fizikai jellemzői. Ide tartoznak a méréseken, modelleken vagy ezek kombinációján alapuló téradatok, továbbá a mérési helyek. -Légköri viszonyok -Condizioni fisiche dell’atmosfera. Questa voce comprende i dati territoriali basati su misurazioni, su modelli o su una combinazione dei due e comprende i punti di misurazione. -Füüsikalised tingimused atmosfääris. Hõlmab mõõtmiste ja modelleerimise tulemusel või nende kahe meetodi kombineerimisel saadud ruumiandmeid ning mõõtmiskohti. -Atmosfääritingimused -Ilmakehän tila -Ilmakehän fysikaaliset olosuhteet. Sisältää mittauksiin, malleihin tai näiden yhdistelmiin perustuvia paikkatietoja sekä tiedot mittauspaikoista. -Condiciones físicas de la atmósfera. Se incluirán datos espaciales basados en mediciones, modelos o en una combinación de ambos, así como los lugares de medición. -Condiciones atmosféricas -Physical conditions in the atmosphere. Includes spatial data based on measurements, on models or on a combination thereof and includes measurement locations. -Atmospheric conditions -Atmosphärische Bedingungen -Φυσικές ιδιότητες της ατμόσφαιρας. Περιλαμβάνονται χωρικά δεδομένα βασιζόμενα σε μετρήσεις, σε μοντέλα ή σε συνδυασμό τους, καθώς και οι τοποθεσίες μετρήσεων. -Ατμοσφαιρικές συνθήκες -Stav ovzduší -Fysiske forhold i atmosfæren. Omfatter geodata, der bygger på målinger, modeller eller begge dele; omfatter også målepunkternes placering. -Atmosfæriske forhold -Physikalische Bedingungen in der Atmosphäre. Dazu zählen Geodaten auf der Grundlage von Messungen, Modellen oder einer Kombination aus beiden sowie Angabe der Messstandorte. -Атмосферни условия -Fyzikální stav ovzduší. Zahrnuje prostorová data založená na měřeních, modelech nebo jejich kombinaci, jakož i místa měření. -Физически атмосферни условия. Включва пространствени данни, основаващи се на измервания, на модели или на комбинация от двете, както и местата, където са направени измерванията. -Condicions atmosfèriquesCondicions físiques de l’atmosfera. S’inclouran dades espacials basades en mesures, models o en una combinació d’ambdós, així com els llocs de mesura. - -mf -Vremenske razmere in njihova merjenja; padavine, temperatura, izhlapevanje, hitrost in smer vetra. -Meteorološke značilnosti -Väderförhållanden och mätningar av dessa; nederbörd, temperatur, evapotranspiration, vindhastighet och vindriktning. -Geografiska meteorologiska förhållanden -Meteorologické geografické prvky -Poveternostné podmienky a ich merania; zrážky, teplota, evapotranspirácia, rýchlosť a smer vetra. -Condições atmosféricas e sua medição; precipitação, temperatura, evapotranspiração, velocidade e direcção do vento. -Características geometeorológicas -Condiţiile meteorologice şi măsurătorile acestora: precipitaţii, temperatură, evapotranspiraţie, viteza şi direcţia vântului. -Caracteristici geografice meteorologice -Warunki atmosferyczne i ich pomiary; opad atmosferyczny, temperatura, ewapotranspiracja, prędkość i kierunek wiatru. -Warunki meteorologiczno-geograficzne -Weersomstandigheden en de meting daarvan; neerslag, temperatuur, verdamping, windsnelheid en windrichting. -Meteorologische geografische kenmerken -Karatteristiċi ġeografiċi meteoroloġiċi -Laika apstākļi un to mērījumi; nokrišņi, temperatūra, iztvaikošana, vēja ātrums un virziens. -Meteoroloģiski ģeogrāfiskie raksturlielumi -Il-kondizzjonijiet tat-temp u l-kejl tagħhom; il-preċipitazzjoni, it-temperatura, l-evapotraspirazzjoni, il-veloċità u ddirezzjoni tar-riħ. -Oro sąlygos ir jų matavimai; krituliai, temperatūra, evapotranspiracija, vėjo greitis ir kryptis. -Meteorologinės geografinės sąlygos -Elementi geografici meteorologici -Meteorológiai földrajzi jellemzők -Condizioni meteorologiche e relative misurazioni; precipitazioni, temperatura, evapotraspirazione, velocità e direzione dei venti. -Sääolot ja niihin liittyvät mittaukset; sademäärä, lämpötila, kokonaishaihdunta, tuulen nopeus ja suunta. -Ilmaston maantieteelliset ominaispiirteet -Időjárási viszonyok és mérésük; csapadék, hőmérséklet, a felszín és a növényzet párolgása, a szél sebessége és iránya. -Conditions météorologiques et leur mesure: précipitations, température, évapotranspiration, vitesse et direction du vent. -Caractéristiques géographiques météorologiques -Meteoroloogilis-geograafilised tunnusjooned -Ilmastikutingimused ja nende mõõtmine; sademed, temperatuur, aurumine, tuule kiirus ja suund. -Μετεωρολογικά γεωγραφικά χαρακτηριστικά -Weather conditions and their measurements; precipitation, temperature, evapotranspiration, wind speed and direction. -Meteorological geographical features -Condiciones meteorológicas y sus mediciones; precipitaciones, temperaturas, evapotranspiración, velocidad y dirección del viento. -Aspectos geográficos de carácter meteorológico -Witterungsbedingungen und deren Messung; Niederschlag, Temperatur, Gesamtverdunstung (Evapotranspiration), Windgeschwindigkeit und Windrichtung. -Meteorologisch-geografische Kennwerte -Καιρικές συνθήκες και οι μετρήσεις τους· ατμοσφαιρικές κατακρημνίσεις, θερμοκρασία, εξατμισοδιαπνοή, ταχύτητα και διεύθυνση ανέμου. -Meteorologisk-geografiske forhold -Атмосферни условия и измерването им; валежи, температура, евапотранспирация, скорост и посока на вятъра. -Метеорологични географски характеристики -Povětrnostní podmínky a jejich měření; srážky, teplota, výpar z půdy a rostlinného pokryvu, rychlost a směr větru. -Zeměpisné meteorologické prvky -Vejrforhold og målinger heraf; nedbør, temperatur, evapotranspiration, vindhastighed og -retning. -Aspectes geogràfics de caràcter meteorològicCondicions meteorològiques i les seves mesures: precipitacions, temperatures, evapotranspiració, velocitat i direcció del vent. - -of -Geografiska oceanografiska förhållanden -Fysikaliska förhållanden i oceanerna (strömmar, salthalt, våghöjd osv.). -Oceanogeografske značilnosti -Características oceanográficas -Condiţii fizice ale oceanelor (curenţi, salinitate, înălţimea valurilor etc.). -Caracteristici geografice oceanografice -Fyzikálne vlastnosti oceánov (prúdy, slanosť, výška vĺn atď.). -Oceánografické geografické prvky -Fizikalne razmere oceanov (tokovi, slanost, višina valov itd.). -Warunki oceanograficzno-geograficzne -Condições físicas dos oceanos (correntes, salinidade, altura das ondas, etc.). -Karatteristiċi ġeografiċi oċeanografiċi -Fysische kenmerken van oceanen (stroming, zoutgehalte, golfhoogte, enz.). -Oceanografische geografische kenmerken -Warunki fizyczne oceanów (prądy, zasolenie, wysokość fal itd.). -Okeānu fizikālie apstākļi (straumes, sāļums, viļņu augstums, utt.). -Okeanogrāfiski ģeogrāfiskie raksturlielumi -Kondizzjonijiet fiżiċi ta' l-oċeani (kurrenti, imluħa, għoli tal-mewġ, eċċ.). -Elementi geografici oceanografici -Fizinės vandenynų charakteristikos (srovės, druskingumas, bangų aukštis ir t. t.). -Okeanografinės geografinės sąlygos -Condizioni fisiche degli oceani (correnti, salinità, altezza delle onde, ecc.). -Az óceánok fizikai jellemzői (áramlatok, sótartalom, hullámmagasság stb.). -Oceanográfiai földrajzi jellemzők -Merialueitten fysikaaliset olosuhteet (esimerkiksi virtaukset, suolapitoisuus ja aaltojen korkeus). -Conditions physiques des océans (courants, salinité, hauteur des vagues, etc.). -Caractéristiques géographiques océanographiques -Merentutkimuksen maantieteelliset ominaispiirteet -Füüsikalised tingimused ookeanides (hoovused, soolasisaldus, lainekõrgus jne). -Okeanograafilis-geograafilised tunnusjooned -Oceanographic geographical features -Condiciones físicas de los océanos (corrientes, salinidad, altura del oleaje, etc.). -Rasgos geográficos oceanográficos -Oceanografiske/geografiske forhold -Physikalische Bedingungen der Ozeane (Strömungsverhältnisse, Salinität, Wellenhöhe usw.). -Ozeanografisch-geografische Kennwerte -Φυσικές ιδιότητες των ωκεανών (ρεύματα, αλατότητα, ύψος κυμάτων, κ.λπ.). -Ωκεανογραφικά γεωγραφικά χαρακτηριστικά -Physical conditions of oceans (currents, salinity, wave heights, etc.). -Zeměpisné oceánografické prvky -Fysiske forhold til havs (strømme, saltholdighed, bølgehøjde osv.) -Океанографски географски характеристики -Fyzikální stav oceánů (proudy, slanost, výška vln atd.). -Физическо състояние на океаните (течения, соленост, височина на вълните и други). -Aspectes geogràfics oceanogràficsCondicions físiques dels oceans (corrents, salinitat, altura de l'onatge, etc.). - -sr -Fysikaliska förhållanden i hav och saltsjöar indelade i områden och delområden med likartade egenskaper. -Havsområden -Fizikalne razmere morij in slanih vodnih teles, razdeljenih v regije in podregije s skupnimi značilnostmi. -Morske regije -Fyzikálne vlastnosti morí a útvarov slanej vody rozdelených na regióny a podregióny so spoločnými vlastnosťami. -Morské regióny -Condiţii fizice ale mărilor şi corpurilor de apă sărată divizate în regiuni şi subregiuni cu caracteristici comune. -Regiuni maritime -Zeegebieden -Warunki fizyczne mórz i akwenów słonowodnych w podziale na regiony i subregiony o wspólnych cechach. -Regiony morskie -Condições físicas dos mares e massas de água salinas divididas em regiões e sub-regiões com características comuns. -Regiões marinhas -Reġjuni tal-baħar -Fysische kenmerken van zeeën en zoutwateroppervlakken, ingedeeld in regio's en subregio's met gemeenschappelijke kenmerken. -Jūru reģioni -Kondizzjonijiet fiżiċi ta' l-ibħra u korpi ta' ilma mielaħ imqassma f'reġjuni u sub-reġjuni b'karatteristiċi komuni. -Jūrų regionai -Pēc noteiktām kopīgām iezīmēm izveidotos apgabalos un apakšapgabalos sadalītu jūru un sālsūdens ūdenstilpņu fiziskie stāvokļi. -Regioni marine -Jūrų ir sūrių vandens telkinių, pagal bendras charakteristikas suskirstytų į regionus ir paregionius, fizinės charakteristikos. -A tengerek és sósvizű víztestek fizikai jellemzői, közös tulajdonságaik alapján régiókra és alrégiókra osztva. -Tengeri régiók -Condizioni fisiche dei mari e dei corpi idrici salmastri suddivisi in regioni e sottoregioni con caratteristiche comuni. -Régions maritimes -Conditions physiques des mers et des masses d'eau salée divisées en régions et en sous-régions à caractéristiques communes. -Merepiirkonnad -Yhteisten ominaispiirteitten mukaisesti alueisiin ja osa-alueisiin jaoteltujen merien ja suolaisten vesistöjen fyysiset olosuhteet. -Merialueet -Regiones marinas -Füüsikalised tingimused meredes ja soolase veega veekogudes, mis on ühiste tunnuste alusel jaotatud piirkondadeks ja alampiirkondadeks. -Sea regions -Condiciones físicas de los mares y masas de aguas salinas, por regiones y subregiones con características comunes. -Physical conditions of seas and saline water bodies divided into regions and sub-regions with common characteristics. -Θαλάσσιες περιοχές -Mořské oblasti -Fysiske forhold i have og saltholdige søer, opdelt på områder og delområder med fælles egenskaber. -Havområder -Physikalische Bedingungen von Meeren und salzhaltigen Gewässern, aufgeteilt nach Regionen und Teilregionen mit gemeinsamen Merkmalen. -Meeresregionen -Φυσικές ιδιότητες των θαλασσών και των αλατούχων υδατικών συστημάτων, με υποδιαίρεση ανά περιοχές και υποπεριοχές με κοινά χαρακτηριστικά. -Fyzikální stav moří a slaných vod rozdělených do regionů a subregionů se společnými vlastnostmi. -Физическо състояние на моретата и солени водни маси, разделени на региони и подрегиони с общи характеристики. -Морски региони -Regions marinesCondicions físiques dels mars i masses d'aigua salina dividides en regions i sub-regions amb característiques comunes. - -gn -Zemljepisna imena -Namn på områden, regioner, platser, städer, förorter, tätorter och annan bebyggelse, samt andra geografiska och topografiska företeelser av allmänt eller historiskt intresse. -Geografiska namn -Zemepisné názvy -Imena območij, regij, krajev, velemest, predmestij, mest ali zaselkov ali kateri koli geografski ali topografski pojav javnega ali zgodovinskega pomena. -Názvy oblastí, regiónov, lokalít, veľkomiest, predmestí, miest alebo osád alebo akéhokoľvek zemepisného či topografického prvku verejného alebo historického významu. -Nume de zone, regiuni, localităţi, oraşe mari, suburbii, oraşe mici sau aşezări, sau orice alt element geografic ori topografic de interes public sau istoric. -Denumiri geografice -Nazwy geograficzne -Denominações das zonas, regiões, localidades, cidades, subúrbios, pequenas cidades ou povoações, ou de qualquer entidade geográfica ou topográfica de interesse público ou histórico. -Toponímia -Toponīmi -Ismijiet ta' żoni, reġjuni, lokalitajiet, bliet, subborgi, jew inħawi abitati oħra, jew kull karatteristika ġeografika jew topografika ta' interess pubbliku jew storiku. -Ismijiet ġeografiċi -Namen van gebieden, regio's, plaatsen, steden, voorsteden, gemeenten, nederzettingen, of andere geografische of topografische kenmerken van openbaar of historisch belang. -Geografische namen -Nazwy obszarów, regionów, miejscowości, miast, przedmieść lub osiedli, albo każdy inny obiekt geograficzny lub topograficzny o znaczeniu publicznym lub historycznym. -Dénominations géographiques -Területek, régiók, helységek, nagyvárosok, elővárosok, városok vagy települések, illetve bármely, a nyilvánosság érdeklődésére számot tartó vagy történeti jelentősségre szert tett földrajzi vagy topográfiai jellegzetesség. -Földrajzi nevek -Denominazione di aree, regioni, località, città, periferie, paesi o centri abitati, o qualsiasi elemento geografico o topografico di interesse pubblico o storico. -Nomi geografici -Sričių, regionų, vietovių, miestų, priemiesčių, miestelių, gyvenviečių ar kitų viešąją ar istorinę reikšmę turinčių geografinių ar topografinių elementų pavadinimai. -Geografiniai pavadinimai -Rajonu, reģionu, apvidu, lielpilsētu, priekšpilsētu, pilsētu, apdzīvotu vietu vai jebkādu valsts mēroga vai vēsturiskas nozīmes ģeogrāfisku vai topogrāfisku objektu nosaukumi. -Noms de zones, de régions, de localités, de grandes villes, de banlieues, de villes moyennes ou d'implantations, ou tout autre élément géographique ou topographique d'intérêt public ou historique. -Maa-alueiden, alueiden, paikkakuntien, suurkaupunkien, esikaupunkien, kaupunkien tai taajamien nimet tai muut sellaisten maantieteellisten tai topografisten kohteiden nimet, joilla on yleistä tai historiallista merkitystä. -Paikannimet -Alade, piirkondade, kohtade, linnade, äärelinnade, alevite või asulate nimed või muud üldist või ajaloolist huvi pakkuvad mis tahes geograafilised või topograafilised tunnused. -Geograafilised nimed -Nombres geográficos -Τοπωνύμια εκτάσεων, περιοχών, τοποθεσιών, πόλεων, προαστίων, κωμοπόλεων ή οικισμών, ή οποιοδήποτε γεωγραφικό ή τοπογραφικό χαρακτηριστικό δημόσιου ή ιστορικού ενδιαφέροντος. -Τοπωνύμια -Names of areas, regions, localities, cities, suburbs, towns or settlements, or any geographical or topographical feature of public or historical interest. -Geographical names -Nombres de zonas, regiones, localidades, ciudades, periferias, poblaciones o asentamientos, o cualquier rasgo geográfico o topográfico de interés público o histórico. -Geografische Bezeichnungen -Географски наименования -Jména oblastí, regionů, míst, velkoměst, předměstí, měst nebo sídel nebo jakýchkoli zeměpisných nebo topografických útvarů veřejného zájmu nebo historického významu. -Zeměpisné názvy -Navne på områder, regioner, lokaliteter, byer, forstæder, bebyggelser og alle former for geografiske og topografiske objekter af offentlig eller historisk interesse. -Stednavne -Namen von Gebieten, Regionen, Orten, Großstädten, Vororten, Städten oder Siedlungen sowie jedes geografische oder topografische Merkmal von öffentlichem oder historischem Interesse. -Наименования на области, региони, местности, големи градове, предградия, малки градове или населени места, или географска или топографска характеристика от обществен или исторически интерес. -Noms geogràficsNoms de zones, regions, localitats, ciutats, perifèries, poblacions o assentaments, o qualsevol tret geogràfic o topogràfic d’interès públic o històric. - -br -Områden som har relativt homogena ekologiska förhållanden med likartade egenskaper. -Biogeografiska regioner -Biogeografske regije -Biogeografické regióny -Območja z relativno homogenimi ekološkimi razmerami s skupnimi značilnostmi. -Regiuni biogeografice -Oblasti s pomerne rovnorodými ekologickými vlastnosťami so spoločnými vlastnosťami. -Obszary o stosunkowo jednorodnych warunkach ekologicznych i o wspólnych cechach. -Regiony biogeograficzne -Zonas de condições ecológicas relativamente homogéneas com características comuns. -Regiões biogeográficas -Zone care prezintă condiţii ecologice relativ omogene, având caracteristici comune. -Gebieden met betrekkelijk homogene ecologische omstandigheden die gemeenschappelijke kenmerken vertonen. -Biogeografische gebieden -Teritorijos, kurioms būdingos palyginti homogeniškos ekologinės sąlygos ir panašios charakteristikos. -Biogeografiniai regionai -Apgabali ar relatīvi viendabīgiem ekoloģiskiem apstākļiem un noteiktām kopīgam iezīmēm. -Bioģeogrāfiskie reģioni -Reġjuni bijo-ġeografiċi -Żoni ta' kondizzjonijiet ekoloġiċi relattivament omoġenji b'karatteristiċi komuni. -Aree che presentano condizioni ecologiche relativamente omogenee con caratteristiche comuni. -Regioni biogeografiche -Biogeográfiai régiók -Régions biogéographiques -Közös tulajdonságokkal bíró, viszonylag homogén ökológiai jellemzőkkel rendelkező térségek. -Biomaantieteelliset alueet -Zones présentant des conditions écologiques relativement homogènes avec des caractéristiques communes. -Bio-geograafilised piirkonnad -Alueet, joilla on suhteellisen yhtenäiset ekologiset olosuhteet ja yhteisiä ominaispiirteitä. -Bio-geographical regions -Zonas dotadas de condiciones ecológicas relativamente homogéneas con unas características comunes. -Regiones biogeográficas -Suhteliselt ühetaoliste ökoloogiliste tingimustega ja ühiste tunnustega piirkonnad. -Areas of relatively homogeneous ecological conditions with common characteristics. -Περιοχές σχετικώς ομοιογενών οικολογικών συνθηκών με κοινά χαρακτηριστικά. -Βιογεωγραφικές περιοχές -Gebiete mit relativ homogenen ökologischen Bedingungen und gemeinsamen Merkmalen. -Biogeografische Regionen -Biogeografiske regioner -Områder, der har relativt ensartede økologiske forhold med fælles egenskaber. -Oblasti s poměrně stejnorodými ekologickými podmínkami a společnými vlastnostmi. -Bioregiony -Биогеографски региони -Райони с относително еднородни екологични условия с общи характеристики. -Regions biogeogràfiquesZones dotades de condicions ecològiques relativament homogènies amb unes característiques comunes. - -hb -Naturtyper och biotoper -Habitati in biotopi -Geografiska områden som kännetecknas av särskilda ekologiska förhållanden, processer, strukturer och (livsstödjande) funktioner och som är fysiska livsmiljöer för organismer som lever där. Inbegriper land- och vattenområden med särskilda geografiska, abiotiska och biotiska egenskaper, oavsett om de är naturliga eller delvis naturliga. -Habitaty a biotopy -Geografska območja, za katera so značilne posebne ekološke razmere, procesi, struktura in funkcije, ki fizično omogočajo organizmom, da tam živijo. Vključujejo kopenska in vodna območja, ki se razlikujejo po geografskih, abiotskih in biotskih značilnostih, ne glede na to, ali so popolnoma naravna ali polnaravna. -Geografické oblasti, pre ktoré sú charakteristické špecifické ekologické vlastnosti, procesy, štruktúra a (pre život dôležité) funkcie, ktoré fyzikálne podporujú organizmy žijúce na ich území. Patria sem suchozemské a vodné oblasti rozlíšené podľa geografických, abiotických a biotických prvkov, buď výhradne prírodné, alebo poloprírodné. -Habitate şi biotopuri -Habitats e biótopos -Zone geografice caracterizate prin condiţii ecologice specifice, procese, structură şi funcţii (de menţinere a vieţii pe pământ) care sprijină fizic organismele care trăiesc acolo. Sunt incluse zonele terestre şi acvatice care se disting prin caracteristicile lor geografice, abiotice şi biotice, indiferent că acestea sunt naturale sau seminaturale. -Siedliska i obszary przyrodniczo jednorodne -Zonas geográficas caracterizadas por condições ecológicas, processos, estrutura e funções (de apoio às necessidades básicas) específicos que constituem o suporte físico dos organismos que nelas vivem. Inclui zonas terrestres e aquáticas, naturais ou semi-naturais, diferenciadas pelas suas características geográficas, abióticas e bióticas. -Habitats en biotopen -Obszary geograficzne odznaczające się szczególnymi warunkami przyrodniczymi, procesami, strukturą i (podtrzymującymi życie) funkcjami, które fizycznie umożliwiają egzystencję żyjącym na nich organizmom. Obejmują obszary lądowe i wodne wyróżniające się cechami geograficznymi, abiotycznymi i biotycznymi, czy to w całości naturalne czy też półnaturalne. -L-abitati naturali u l-bijotopi -Geografische gebieden die worden gekenmerkt door specifieke ecologische omstandigheden, processen, structuur en (leven ondersteunende) functies die fysiek de daar levende organismen ondersteunen, met inbegrip van volledig natuurlijke of semi-natuurlijke land- en wateroppervlakken, onderscheiden naar geografische, abiotische en biotische kenmerken. -Dzīvotnes un biotopi -Żoni ġeografiċi kkaratterizzati minn kondizzjonijiet ekoloġiċi, proċessi, struttura, u funzjonijiet (sostenn tal-ħajja) speċifiċi li jsostnu fiżikament l-organiżmi li jgħixu fihom. Huma inklużi żoni ta' l-art jew ta' l-ilma li jingħarfu permezz ta' karatteristiċi ġeografiċi, abijotiċi u bijotiċi, sew jekk għal kollox naturali kif ukoll jekk semi-naturali. -Buveinės ir biotopai -Ģeogrāfiskie apgabali, kuros ir īpaši ekoloģiskie apstākļi, procesi, struktūra, un (dzīvības atbalsta) funkcijas, kas fiziski atbalsta organismus, kuri tajos dzīvo. Tie ietver pilnīgi un daļēji dabīgas sauszemes vai ūdens platības, ko raksturo ģeogrāfiski, abiotiski un biotiski faktori. -Habitat e biotopi -Geografinės teritorijos, kurioms būdingos specifinės ekologinės sąlygos, procesai, struktūra ir (gyvybės palaikymo) funkcijos, sudarančios gyvenimui tinkamas fizines sąlygas ten gyvenantiems organizmams. Tai apima visiškai natūralias ir pusiau natūralias sausumos ir vandens teritorijas, kurios turi skirtingas geografines, abiotines ir biotines sąlygas. -Aree geografiche caratterizzate da condizioni ecologiche specifiche, processi, strutture e funzioni (di supporto alla vita) che supportano materialmente gli organismi che le abitano. Sono comprese le zone terrestri e acquatiche, interamente naturali o seminaturali, distinte in base agli elementi geografici, abiotici e biotici. -Olyan földrajzi területek, amelyeket különleges ökológiai feltételek, folyamatok, struktúra és (az élet fenntartásához kapcsolódó) funkciók jellemeznek, amelyek az ott élő organizmusok számára kedvező fizikai feltételeket teremtenek. Ide tartoznak azok a szárazföldi és vízi térségek, amelyeket – akár teljesen természetesek, akár félig természetesek – földrajzi, abiotikus és biotikus jellemzőik alapján különböztetnek meg. -Élőhelyek és biotópok -Habitats et biotopes -Zones géographiques ayant des caractéristiques écologiques particulières — conditions, processus, structures et fonctions (de maintien de la vie) — favorables aux organismes qui y vivent. Sont incluses les zones terrestres et aquatiques qui se distinguent par leurs caractéristiques géographiques, abiotiques ou biotiques, qu'elles soient naturelles ou semi-naturelles. -Elinympäristöt ja biotoopit -Maantieteelliset alueet, joille ovat ominaisia erityiset ekologiset olosuhteet, prosessit, rakenne ja (elämää ylläpitävät) toiminnot, jotka tukevat fysikaalisesti alueella eläviä organismeja. Sisältää maa- ja vesialueet, joilla on omat maantieteelliset, abioottiset ja bioottiset ominaisuutensa ja jotka ovat joko luonnontilassa tai osittain luonnontilassa. -Elupaigad ja biotoobid -Geograafilised alad, mida iseloomustavad spetsiifilised ökoloogilised tingimused, protsessid, struktuurid ja (elu alalhoiu-) funktsioonid, mis füüsiliselt toetavad seal elavaid organisme. Hõlmab maa- ja veealasid, mida eristatakse geograafiliste, abiootiliste ja biootiliste tunnuste järgi ja mis on täielikult looduslikud või poollooduslikud. -Habitats and biotopes -Zonas geográficas caracterizadas por unas condiciones ecológicas específicas, procesos, estructuras y funciones de apoyo vital que sean soporte físico de los organismos que viven en ellas. Se incluirán zonas terrestres y acuáticas diferenciadas por sus características geográficas, abióticas y bióticas, tanto si son enteramente naturales como seminaturales. -Hábitats y biotopos -Geographical areas characterised by specific ecological conditions, processes, structure, and (life support) functions that physically support the organisms that live there. Includes terrestrial and aquatic areas distinguished by geographical, abiotic and biotic features, whether entirely natural or semi-natural. -Ενδιαιτήματα και βιότοποι -Lebensräume und Biotope -Γεωγραφικές περιοχές που χαρακτηρίζονται από ειδικές οικολογικές συνθήκες, διαδικασίες, δομή και λειτουργίες (υποστήριξης της ζωής) οι οποίες στηρίζουν φυσικά τους οργανισμούς που ενδιαιτούν. Περιλαμβάνονται χερσαίες και υδάτινες εκτάσεις, διακρινόμενες ανάλογα με τα γεωγραφικά, αβιοτικά και βιοτικά χαρακτηριστικά τους, ανεξαρτήτως εάν είναι πλήρως φυσικές ή ημιφυσικές. -Geografische Gebiete mit spezifischen ökologischen Bedingungen, Prozessen, Strukturen und (lebensunterstützenden) Funktionen als physische Grundlage für dort lebende Organismen. Dies umfasst auch durch geografische, abiotische und biotische Merkmale gekennzeichnete natürliche oder naturnahe terrestrische und aquatische Gebiete. -Levesteder og biotoper -Geografiske områder, der er kendetegnet ved særlige økologiske forhold, processer, strukturer og (livsunderstøttende) funktioner, og som er det fysiske grundlag for de organismer, der lever der. Omfatter land- og vandområder, som er kendetegnet ved særlige geografiske, abiotiske eller biotiske forhold, uanset om de er helt eller delvis naturlige. -Местообитания и биотопи -Zeměpisné oblasti vyznačující se zvláštními ekologickými podmínkami, procesy, strukturami a (životně důležitými) funkcemi, které skýtají fyzickou podporu organismům, které v nich žijí. Zahrnují pozemské a vodní oblasti rozlišené podle zeměpisných, abiotických a biotických prvků, přirozené i částečně přirozené povahy. -Stanoviště a biotopy -Географски райони, характеризиращи се със специфични екологични условия, процеси, структура и (животоподпо- магащи) функции, подпомагащи физически организмите, които ги обитават. Включват земни или водни райони, отличаващи се с напълно естествени или полуестествени географски, абиотични и биотични характеристики. -Hàbitats i biòtopsZones geogràfiques caracteritzades per unes condicions ecològiques específiques, processos, estructures i funcions de recolzament vital que siguin suport físic dels organismes que hi viuen. S’inclouran zones terrestres i aquàtiques diferenciades per les seves característiques geogràfiques, abiòtiques i biòtiques, tant si són enterament naturals com seminaturals. - -sd -Arters utbredning -Geografisk fördelning av djur- och växtarters förekomst i rutnät, regioner, administrativa enheter eller andra analytiska enheter. -Geografska porazdelitev pojavljanja živalskih in rastlinskih vrst, razvrščenih po koordinatah, regiji, upravni enoti ali drugi analitični enoti. -Porazdelitev vrst -Výskyt druhov -Repartizarea speciilor -Geografické rozdelenie výskytu živočíšnych a rastlinných druhov zoskupený podľa siete, regiónu, administratívnej jednotky alebo inej analytickej jednotky. -Distribuição das espécies -Repartizarea geografică a speciilor de animale şi plante, regrupate pe grilă, regiune, unitate administrativă sau altă unitate analitică. -Distribuição geográfica da ocorrência de espécies animais e vegetais agregadas por quadrícula, região, unidade administrativa ou outra unidade analítica. -Rozmieszczenie gatunków -Geograficzne rozmieszczenie występowania gatunków zwierząt i roślin pogrupowanych według siatki geograficznej, regionu, jednostki administracyjnej lub innej jednostki analitycznej. -Spreiding van soorten -Distribuzzjoni ta' l-ispeċi -Geografische spreiding van dier- en plantensoorten per raster, regio, administratieve eenheid of andere analytische eenheid. -Sugu izplatība -Distribuzzjoni ġeografika ta' l-okkorrenza ta' speċi ta' annimali u ta' pjanti miġbura flimkien skond il-grilja, ir-reġjun, l-unità amministrattiva jew unità analitika oħra. -Dzīvnieku un augu sugu ģeogrāfiskais sadalījums, grupējot pēc koordinātu tīkla, reģiona, administratīvām vai citām analītiskām vienībām. -Rūšių pasiskirstymas -Distribuzione delle specie -Geografinis gyvūnų ir augalų rūšių pasiskirstymas pagal tinklelį, regioną, administracinį ar kitą analitinį vienetą. -Distribuzione geografica delle specie animali e vegetali aggregate per griglia, regione, unità amministrativa o altra unità analitica. -A fajok megoszlása -Az állat- és növényfajok előfordulásának földrajzi eloszlása, térképrács, régió, közigazgatási egység vagy más elemzési egység alapján összesítve. -Répartition des espèces -Lajien levinneisyys -Répartition géographique de l'occurrence des espèces animales et végétales regroupées par grille, région, unité administrative ou autre unité analytique. -Liikide jaotumine -Eläin- ja kasvilajien esiintymien maantieteellinen levinneisyys ruudukoittain, alueittain, hallintoyksiköittäin tai muiden analyyttisten yksiköitten mukaisesti jaoteltuna. -Taime- ja loomaliikide geograafiline levik ruutvõrgu, piirkondade, haldusüksuste või muude jaotusüksuste kaupa. -Distribución de las especies -Distribución geográfica de las especies animales y vegetales referidas a una cuadrícula, región, unidad administrativa u otro tipo de unidad analítica. -Species distribution -Κατανομή ειδών -Geographical distribution of occurrence of animal and plant species aggregated by grid, region, administrative unit or other analytical unit. -Verteilung der Arten -Γεωγραφική κατανομή ειδών πανίδας και χλωρίδας, ανά κάνναβο, περιοχή, διοικητική ενότητα ή άλλη ενότητα ανάλυσης. -Rozložení druhů -Den geografiske fordeling af forekomsten af dyre- og plantearter i kvadratnetceller, forvaltningsenheder eller andre analytiske enheder. -Artsfordeling -Geografische Verteilung des Auftretens von Tier- und Pflanzenarten, zusammengefasst in Gittern, Region, Verwaltungseinheit oder sonstigen analytischen Einheiten. -Zeměpisné rozložení výskytu živočišných a rostlinných druhů seskupených podle souřadnicové sítě, regionu, správní jednotky nebo jiné analytické jednotky. -Разпределение на видовете -Географско разпределение на животинските и растителните видове, представено обобщено по координати, регион, административна единица или друга аналитична единица. -Distribució de les espèciesDistribució geogràfica de les especies animals i vegetals referides a una quadrícula, regió, unitat administrativa o un altre tipus d’unitat analítica. - -er -Zdroje energie -Energetski viri, vključno z ogljikovodiki, vodno energijo, bioenergijo, soncem, vetrom itd., kjer je to ustrezno vključno s podatki o globini/višini glede velikosti vira. -Energetski viri -Energiresurser, inbegripet kolväten, vattenkraft, bioenergi, sol, vind osv., i tillämpliga fall med djup-/höjdinformation om resursens omfattning. -Zdroje energie vrátane uhľovodíkov, vodnej energie, energie z biomasy, solárnej energie, veternej energie atď., ak je to možné vrátane informácie o šírke a dĺžke rozlohy zdroja. -Energiresurser -Recursos energéticos -Resurse energetice precum hidrocarburi, energia hidraulică, bioenergia, energia solară, energia eoliană etc., însoţite de informaţii privind adâncimea/înălţimea la care se află resursa, după caz. -Resurse energetice -Zasoby energetyczne -Recursos energéticos, incluindo os de hidrocarbonetos, hidroeléctricos, de bio-energias, de energia solar, eólica, etc., incluindo, quando pertinente, informação sobre as cotas de profundidade/altura do recurso. -Zasoby energii, w tym węglowodory, energia wodna, bioenergia, energia słoneczna, wiatrowa itd., w odpowiednich przypadkach łącznie z informacjami dotyczącymi głębokości/wysokości i rozmiarów danych zasobów. -Energiebronnen met inbegrip van koolwaterstof, waterkracht, bio-energie, zon, wind enz., waar passend met inbegrip van diepte/hoogte-informatie over de omvang van de bron. -Energiebronnen -Enerģijas resursi -Riżorsi ta' enerġija inklużi idrokarboni, enerġija idro-elettrika, bijo-enerġija, bix-xemx, bir-riħ, eċċ., fejn ikun rilevanti, inkluża informazzjoni dwar il-fond/l-għoli rigward id-daqs tar-riżors. -Riżorsi ta' enerġija -Energijos ištekliai -Enerģijas resursi, tostarp ogļūdeņraži, ūdens enerģija, bioenerģija, saules enerģija, vēja enerģija, utt., attiecīgā gadījumā ietverot informāciju par dziļumu/augstumu attiecībā uz resursu apmēru. -Risorse energetiche -Energijos ištekliai, įskaitant angliavandenilius, hidroenergiją, bioenergiją, saulės ir vėjo energiją ir t. t., tam tikrais atvejais įskaitant informaciją apie išteklių apimties gylį/aukštį. -Risorse energetiche, compresi gli idrocarburi, l'energia idroelettrica, la bioenergia, l'energia solare, eolica, ecc., ove opportuno anche informazioni, in termini di altezza/profondità, sull'entità della risorsa. -Energiaforrások -Sources d'énergie -Energiaforrások, beleértve a szénhidrogéneket, vízenergiát, bioenergiát, nap- és szélenergiát stb., adott esetben beleértve az erőforrás mértékére vonatkozó mélységi/magassági információt. -Sources d'énergie comprenant les hydrocarbures, l'énergie hydraulique, la bioénergie, l'énergie solaire, l'énergie éolienne, etc., le cas échéant accompagnées d'informations relatives à la profondeur/la hauteur de la source. -Energiavarat -Energiaressursid -Energiavarat, mukaan lukien hiilivedyt, vesivoima, bioenergia, aurinko, tuuli jne., mukaan luettuina tarvittaessa syvyys-/korkeustiedot kyseisen luonnonvaran laajuudesta. -Recursos energéticos -Energiaressursid, sealhulgas süsivesinikud, hüdroenergia, bioenergia, päikese-, tuule- jne energia, sealhulgas koos asjakohase sügavust/kõrgust puudutava teabega ressursi mahu kohta. -Recursos energéticos: hidrocarburos, energía hidroeléctrica, bioenergía, energía solar y eólica, etc., incluyendo, cuando proceda, la información de profundidad y altura del volumen de los recursos. -Energy resources -Ενεργειακοί πόροι -Energy resources including hydrocarbons, hydropower, bio-energy, solar, wind, etc., where relevant including depth/height information on the extent of the resource. -Energiequellen -Energiequellen wie Kohlenwasserstoffe, Wasserkraft, Bioenergie, Sonnen- und Windenergie usw., gegebenenfalls mit Tiefen- bzw. Höhenangaben zur Ausdehnung der Energiequelle. -Ενεργειακοί πόροι, μεταξύ άλλων υδρογονάνθρακες, υδροηλεκτρική ενέργεια, βιοενέργεια, ηλιακή ενέργεια, αιολική ενέργεια, κ.λπ., συμπεριλαμβανομένων, κατά περίπτωση, πληροφοριών περί του βάθους και του ύψους όσον αφορά την έκταση του εκάστοτε πόρου. -Energiressourcer -Energiressourcer, herunder kulbrinter, vandkraft, bioenergi, sol, vind osv. samt, hvis det er relevant, dybde-/ højdeoplysninger om ressourcens omfang. -Energetické zdroje -Енергийни източници -Energetické zdroje, včetně uhlovodíků, vodní energie, bioenergie, sluneční a větrné energie atd., případně včetně informací o hloubce nebo výšce týkajících se rozsahu zdroje. -Енергийни източници, включително въглеводород, водна енергия, биоенергия, слънчева енергия, енергия от вятър и други; по целесъобразност се включва информация за дълбочина/височина на района на източника. -Recursos energèticsRecursos energètics: hidrocarburs, energia hidroelèctrica, bioenergia, energia solar i eòlica, etc., incloent-hi, quan sigui procedent, la informació de profunditat i altura del volum dels recursos. - -mr -Mineralni viri -Mineralfyndigheter, bland annat malm, industrimineraler osv., i tillämpliga fall med djup-/höjdinformation om resursens omfattning. -Mineralfyndigheter -Zdroje nerastných surovín -Mineralni viri, vključno s kovinskimi rudami, industrijskimi mineralnimi surovinami itd. kjer je ustrezno, vključno s podatki o globini/višini glede velikosti vira. -Resurse minerale -Zdroje nerastných surovín vrátane kovových rúd, priemyselných nerastov atď., ak je to možné vrátane informácie o šírke a dĺžke rozlohy zdroja. -Recursos minerais -Resurse minerale precum minereurile metalifere, minereurile industriale etc., însoţite de informaţii privind adâncimea/ înălţimea la care se află resursa, după caz. -Zasoby mineralne -Recursos minerais, incluindo minérios metálicos, minerais industriais, etc., incluindo, quando pertinente, informação sobre as cotas de profundidade/altura do recurso. -Zasoby mineralne, w tym rudy metali, minerały przemysłowe itd., w odpowiednich przypadkach łącznie z informacjami dotyczącymi głębokości/wysokości i rozmiarów danych zasobów. -Minerale bronnen -Riżorsi minerali inklużi minerali tal-metall, minerali industrijali, eċċ, fejn rilevanti inkluża informazzjoni dwar il-- fond/l-għoli rigward id-daqs tar-riżors. -Minerale bronnen met inbegrip van metaalertsen, industriële mineralen enz., waar passend met inbegrip van diepte/ hoogte-informatie over de omvang van de bron. -Riżorsi minerali -Derīgo izrakteņu resursi, tostarp metālu rūdas, rūpnieciski iegūstamie izrakteņi, utt., attiecīgā gadījumā ietverot informāciju par dziļumu/augstumu attiecībā uz resursu apmēru. -Derīgo izrakteņu resursi -Naudingosios iškasenos, įskaitant metalų rūdas, pramonei naudojamas naudingąsias iškasenas ir t. t., tam tikrais atvejais įskaitant informaciją apie išteklių apimties gylį/aukštį. -Naudingosios iškasenos -Risorse minerarie -Risorse minerarie, compresi i minerali metallici, i minerali industriali, ecc., ove opportuno anche informazioni, in termini di altezza/profondità, sull'entità della risorsa. -Ásványi nyersanyagok, beleértve a fémek érceit, ipari ásványokat stb., adott esetben beleértve a nyersanyag kiterjedésére vonatkozó mélységi/magassági információkat. -Ásványi nyersanyagok -Ressources minérales -Mineraalivarat -Ressources minérales comprenant les minerais métalliques, les minéraux industriels, etc., le cas échéant accompagnées d'informations relatives à la profondeur/la hauteur de la ressource. -Maavarad -Mineraalivarat, mukaan lukien metallimalmit, teollisuusmineraalit jne., mukaan luettuina tarvittaessa syvyys-/ korkeustiedot kyseisen luonnonvaran laajuudesta. -Maavarad, sealhulgas metallimaagid, tööstuslikud mineraalid jne, sealhulgas koos asjakohase sügavust/kõrgust puudutava teabega ressursi mahu kohta. -Recursos minerales -Mineral resources -Recursos minerales: minerales metalíferos, minerales industriales, etc., incluyendo, cuando proceda, la información de profundidad y altura del volumen de los recursos. -Mineral resources including metal ores, industrial minerals, etc., where relevant including depth/height information on the extent of the resource. -Ορυκτοί πόροι -Ορυκτοί πόροι, μεταξύ άλλων και μεταλλεύματα, βιομηχανικά μεταλλεύματα, κ.λπ., συμπεριλαμβανομένων, κατά περίπτωση, πληροφοριών περί του βάθους και του ύψους όσον αφορά την έκταση του εκάστοτε πόρου. -Mineralische Bodenschätze -Mineralressourcer -Mineralische Bodenschätze wie Metallerze, Industrieminerale usw., gegebenenfalls mit Tiefen- bzw. Höhenangaben zur Ausdehnung der Bodenschätze. -Nerostné suroviny -Mineralressourcer, herunder metalmalme, industrmineraler osv. samt, hvis det er relevant, dybde-/højdeoplysninger om ressourcens omfang. -Минерални ресурси -Nerostné suroviny, včetně kovových rud, průmyslových surovin atd., případně včetně informací o hloubce nebo výšce týkajících se rozsahu zdroje. -Минерални ресурси, включително метални руди, промишлени минерали и други; по целесъобразност се включва информация за дълбочина/височина на находището на ресурса. -Recursos mineralsRecursos minerals: minerals metal·lífers, minerals industrials, etc., incloent-hi, quan sigui procedent, la informació de la profunditat i altura del volum dels recursos. - -au -Upravne enote -Administrativa enheters, som delar upp områden där medlemsstater har och/eller utövar jurisdiktion, på lokal, regional och nationell nivå, åtskilda av administrativa gränser. -Administrativa enheter -Upravne enote za lokalno, regionalno in nacionalno upravo, ki razdeljujejo območja, na katerih države članice imajo in/ali izvajajo jurisdikcijo, ločene z upravnimi mejami. -Správne jednotky -Unităţi administrative -Správne jednotky rozdeľujúce oblasti, v ktorých členské štáty majú právomoc rozhodovať a/alebo vykonávajú túto právomoc na účely miestneho, regionálneho a celoštátneho riadenia, oddelené správnymi hranicami. -Unităţi de administrare, de delimitare a zonelor în care statele membre deţin şi/sau îşi exercită competenţa, la nivel local, regional şi naţional, separate prin limite administrative. -Jednostki administracyjne -Unidades administrativas, zonas de divisão sobre as quais os Estados-Membros possuam e/ou exerçam direitos jurisdicionais, para efeitos de governação local, regional e nacional, separadas por fronteiras administrativas. -Unidades administrativas -Administratieve eenheden -Jednostki administracyjne, dzielące obszary, na których państwa członkowskie mają lub wykonują uprawnienia jurysdykcyjne, dla celów sprawowania władzy na poziomie lokalnym, regionalnym i krajowym, oddzielone granicami administracyjnymi. -Door administratieve grenzen gescheiden lokale, regionale en nationale bestuurlijke eenheden die deel uitmaken van gebieden waarover de lidstaten rechtsbevoegdheid hebben en/of uitoefenen. -Unitajiet ta' amministrazzjoni, li jaqsmu żoni fejn Stati Membri għandhom u/jew jeżerċitaw drittijiet ġurisdizzjonali, għal governanza reġjonali, lokali u nazzjonali, separati minn konfini amministrattivi. -Unitajiet amministrattivi -Administratīvas vienības -Administratīvas vienības, kas sadala apgabalus, kuros dalībvalstīm ir jurisdikcija un/vai kurā tās to īsteno, pašvaldību, reģionu un valsts pārvaldes nolūkā, kas sadalītas ar administratīvo robežu palīdzību. -Közigazgatási egységek -Unità amministrative di suddivisione delle zone su cui gli Stati membri hanno e/o esercitano la loro giurisdizione a livello locale, regionale e nazionale, delimitate da confini amministrativi. -Unità amministrative -Administracinėmis ribomis atskirti vietos, regionų ir nacionalinės valdžios administraciniai vienetai, į kuriuos padalijamos teritorijos, kurios priklauso valstybės narės jurisdikcijai ir (arba) kuriose ji vykdo jurisdikciją. -Administraciniai vienetai -Unités administratives -Az olyan nemzeti területeket, amelyeken a tagállamok joghatósággal rendelkeznek és/vagy joghatóságot gyakorolnak, helyi, regionális és országos egységekre osztó, közigazgatási határvonalakkal elválasztott igazgatási egységek. -Hallinnolliset yksiköt, jotka jakavat alueen, jolla jäsenvaltioilla on tai jolla ne käyttävät lainkäyttöoikeuksia, paikalliseen, alueelliseen ja valtakunnalliseen hallintoon ja jotka erotetaan toisistaan hallinnollisin rajoin. -Hallinnolliset yksiköt -Unités d'administration séparées par des limites administratives et délimitant les zones dans lesquelles les États membres détiennent et/ou exercent leurs compétences, aux fins de l'administration locale, régionale et nationale. -Administrative units -Unidades administrativas en que se dividan las áreas en las que los Estados miembros tienen y/o ejercen derechos jurisdiccionales, a efectos de administración local, regional y nacional, separadas por límites administrativos. -Unidades administrativas -Halduspiiridega eraldatud haldusüksused, mis jagavad liikmesriikide jurisdiktsiooni all olevad alad kohaliku, piirkondliku ja riikliku juhtimise eesmärgil. -Haldusüksused -Units of administration, dividing areas where Member States have and/or exercise jurisdictional rights, for local, regional and national governance, separated by administrative boundaries. -Διοικητικές ενότητες που χωρίζουν περιοχές επί των οποίων κράτη μέλη έχουν ή/και ασκούν δικαιοδοτικά δικαιώματα σε τοπικό, περιφερειακό και εθνικό επίπεδο, χωρίζονται από διοικητικά όρια. -Διοικητικές ενότητες -Verwaltungseinheiten -Administrative enheder -Lokale, regionale und nationale Verwaltungseinheiten, die die Gebiete abgrenzen, in denen die Mitgliedstaaten Hoheitsbefugnisse haben und/oder ausüben und die durch Verwaltungsgrenzen voneinander getrennt sind. -Административни единици -Административни единици, отделени с административни граници и отграничаващи райони, върху които държавите-членки имат и/или упражняват юридически правомощия, за целите на местното, регионалното и националнотоуправление. -Správní jednotky -Forvaltningsenheder, der inddeler områder, hvor medlemsstaterne har og/eller udøver jurisdiktionelle rettigheder på lokalt, regionalt og nationalt plan, adskilt af administrative grænser. -Správní jednotky rozdělující území, ve kterém členské státy mají nebo vykonávají svrchovaná práva, pro účely místní, regionální a státní správy, oddělené správními hranicemi. -Unitats administrativesUnitats administratives en què es divideixin les àrees en les quals els estats membres tenen i/o exerceixen drets jurisdiccionals, a efectes d’administració local, regional i nacional, separades per límits administratius. - -ad -Adrese -Poloha nehnuteľností založená na identifikátoroch obsiahnutých v adrese, obyčajne podľa názvu ulice, čísla domu, poštového smerovacieho čísla. -Adresy -Lokacija nepremičnin, ki temelji na identifikatorjih naslova, običajno z imenom ulice, hišno številko, poštno številko. -Naslovi -Adresser -Läge för fastigheter på grundval av adressuppgifter, vanligen i form av gatunamn, gatunummer och postnummer. -Endereços -Localizare a proprietăţilor, bazată pe identificatori de adresă, de obicei numele străzii, numărul casei şi codul poştal. -Adresy -Localização de propriedades com base em identificadores de endereço, em regra, o nome da rua, o número da porta e o código postal. -Indirizzi -Locatie van onroerende zaken, gebaseerd op adresaanduidingen, gewoonlijk aan de hand van de straatnaam, het huisnummer en de postcode. -Adressen -Adresai -Īpašumu ģeogrāfiskā atrašanās vieta, pamatojoties uz adreses identifikatoriem; parasti tie ir ceļu nosaukumi, māju numuri, pasta indeksi. -Adreses -Pożizzjoni ta' proprjetajiet ibbażata fuq identifikaturi ta' l-indirizzi, normalment bl-isem tat-triq, in-numru tad-dar, ilkodiċi postali. -Lokalizacja nieruchomości na podstawie danych adresowych, zazwyczaj nazwy ulicy, numeru budynku, kodu pocztowego. -Az ingatlanok helye címazonosítók – rendszerint utcanév, házszám, irányítószám – alapján. -Címek -Localizzazione delle proprietà basata su identificatori di indirizzo, in genere nome della via, numero civico, codice postale. -Indirizzi -Nuosavybės vieta pagal adreso duomenis, paprastai gatvės pavadinimą, namo numerį, pašto kodą. -Adresses -Localisation des propriétés fondée sur les identifiants des adresses, habituellement le nom de la rue, le numéro de la maison et le code postal. -Osoitteet -Kiinteistöjen sijainti, joka perustuu osoitetietoon, jossa tavallisesti kadunnimi, talon numero ja postinumero. -Localización de las propiedades, basada en identificadores de direcciones, por ejemplo, el nombre de la vía pública, el número de la finca, el código postal. -Direcciones -Maavalduste asukoht aadressi elementide, tavaliselt tee või tänava nime, majanumbri ja postiindeksi järgi. -Aadressid -Location of properties based on address identifiers, usually by road name, house number, postal code. -Addresses -Lokalisierung von Grundstücken anhand von Adressdaten, in der Regel Straßenname, Hausnummer und Postleitzahl. -Adressen -Θέση ακινήτων με βάση τη διεύθυνση, συνήθως με όνομα οδού, αριθμό οικίας και ταχυδρομικό κώδικα. -Διευθύνσεις -Adresser -Adresy -Lokalisering af ejendomme på grundlag af adresseidenter, normalt ved hjælp af vejnavn, husnummer og postnummer. -Местонахождение на имоти, обозначено чрез адресни данни, обичайно чрез наименование на улица, номер на сграда и пощенски код. -Адреси -Poloha nemovitostí podle adresních identifikátorů, obvykle pomocí názvu ulice, čísla domu, poštovního směrovacího čísla. -AdrecesLocalització de les propietats, basada en identificadors d’adreces, per exemple, el nom de la via pública, el número de la finca o el codi postal. - -cp -Områden definierade av fastighetsregister eller motsvarande. -Fastighetsområden -Katastrske parcele -Územia vymedzené katastrálnymi registrami alebo rovnocennými registrami. -Katastrálne parcely -Področja, ki jih opredeljujejo zemljiški kataster ali enakovredni registri. -Zone stabilite de registrele cadastrale sau echivalente. -Parcele cadastrale -Żoni ddefiniti b'reġistri katastali jew l-ekwivalenti. -Pakketti katastali -Gebieden die worden bepaald door kadastrale registers of een equivalent daarvan. -Kadastrale percelen -Obszary określone na podstawie rejestrów katastralnych lub ich odpowiedników. -Działki katastralne -Áreas definidas por registos cadastrais ou equivalentes. -Parcelas cadastrais -Kadastrāli zemes gabali -Teritorijas, kas noteiktas kadastra reģistros vai līdzīgās sistēmās. -Kadastro sklypai -Parcelle catastali -Kadastrų registruose ar panašiai apibrėžti plotai. -Zones définies par les registres cadastraux ou équivalents. -Parcelles cadastrales -Kataszteri nyilvántartásokkal – vagy ezzel egyenértékű módon – meghatározott területek. -Kataszteri parcellák -Aree definite dai registri catastali o equivalenti. -Γεωτεμάχια κτηματολογίου -Areas defined by cadastral registers or equivalent. -Cadastral parcels -Áreas determinadas por registros catastrales o equivalentes. -Parcelas catastrales -Katastritunnuste või võrdväärsete tunnustega kindlaksmääratud alad. -Katastriüksused -Alueet, jotka on määritelty kiinteistörekisterissä tai vastaavassa. -Kiinteistöt -Εκτάσεις που ορίζονται από κτηματολογικά μητρώα ή αντίστοιχες. -Кадастрални парцели -Území vymezená v katastru nemovitostí nebo v obdobném rejstříku. -Katastrální parcely -Arealer, der er defineret i matrikelregistre eller lignende. -Matrikulære parceller -Gebiete, die anhand des Grundbuchs oder gleichwertiger Verzeichnisse bestimmt werden. -Flurstücke/Grundstücke (Katasterparzellen) -Райони, посочени в кадастрални регистри или други равностойни документи. -Parcel·les cadastralsÀrees determinades per registres cadastrals o equivalents. - -tn -Transportnät -Reţele de transport rutier, feroviar, aerian şi pe apă şi infrastructura asociată. Cuprinde, de asemenea, legături între diferite reţele. Mai cuprinde şi reţeaua transeuropeană de transport, astfel cum este definită în Decizia nr. 1692/96/CE a Parlamentului European şi a Consiliului din 23 iulie 1996 privind orientările comunitare pentru dezvoltarea reţelei transeuropene de transport (1) şi modificările ulterioare. -Väg-, järnvägs-, luft- och sjötransportnät och tillhörande infrastruktur. Innefattar länkar mellan olika nät. Innefattar också det transeuropeiska transportnät som definieras i Europaparlamentets och rådets beslut nr 1692/96/EG av den 23 juli 1996 om gemenskapens riktlinjer för utbyggnad av det transeuropeiska transportnätet (1) samt framtida ändringar av det beslutet. -Prometna omrežja -Dopravné siete -Cestna, železniška, zračna in vodna prometna omrežja ter z njimi povezana infrastruktura. Vključuje povezave med različnimi omrežji. Vključuje tudi vseevropsko prometno omrežje, kakor je določeno v Odločbi št. 1692/96/ES Evropskega parlamenta in Sveta z dne 23. julija 1996 o smernicah Skupnosti za razvoj vseevropskega prometnega omrežja (1), in prihodnje preglede te odločbe. -Reţele de transport -Cestné, železničné, letecké a vodné dopravné siete a s nimi súvisiaca infraštruktúra. Patria sem prepojenia medzi jednotlivými sieťami. Zahŕňajú tiež transeurópsku dopravnú sieť vymedzenú v rozhodnutí Európskeho parlamentu a Rady č. 1692/96/ES z 23. júla 1996 o základných usmerneniach Spoločenstva pre rozvoj transeurópskej dopravnej siete (1) a budúcich revíziách uvedeného rozhodnutia. -Redes de transporte -Sieci transportowe -Redes de transporte rodoviário, ferroviário, aéreo e por via navegável, e respectivas infra-estruturas. Inclui as ligações entre as diferentes redes. Inclui também a rede transeuropeia de transportes definida na Decisão n.o 1692/96/CE do Parlamento Europeu e do Conselho, de 23 de Julho de 1996, sobre as orientações comunitárias para o desenvolvimento da rede transeuropeia de transportes (1), e as futuras revisões dessa decisão. -Autoceļi, dzelzceļa, gaisa un ūdens transporta tīkli un ar tiem saistītā infrastruktūra. Tie ietver arī dažādu tīklu savienojumus. Tie ietver arī Eiropas transporta tīklu, kā tas definēts Eiropas Parlamenta un Padomes Lēmumā Nr. 1692/96/EK (1996. gada 23. jūlijs) par Kopienas pamatnostādnēm Eiropas transporta tīkla attīstībai (1) un minētā lēmuma turpmākajos grozījumos. -Transporta tīkli -Networks tat-trasport tat-triq, tal-ferrovija, ta' l-ajru u ta' l-ilma u infrastruttura relatata. Huma inklużi l-kollegamenti bejn networks differenti. Huma inklużi wkoll in-network trans-Ewropew tat-trasport kif definit fid-Deċiżjoni Nru 1692/96/KE tal-Parlament Ewropew u tal-Kunsill tat-23 ta' Lulju 1996 dwar il-Linji Gwida tal-Komunità għalliżvilupp ta' network trans-Ewropew tat-trasport (1) u r-reviżjonijiet futuri ta' dik id-Deċiżjoni. -Networks tat-trasport -Netwerken voor vervoer over de weg, per spoor, in de lucht en over het water en de aanverwante infrastructuur met inbegrip van koppelingen tussen verschillende netwerken en het trans-Europees vervoersnetwerk, zoals gedefinieerd in Beschikking nr. 1692/96/EG van het Europees Parlement en de Raad van 23 juli 1996 betreffende communautaire richtsnoeren voor de ontwikkeling van een trans-Europees vervoersnet (1) en de latere herzieningen van deze beschikking. -Vervoersnetwerken -Sieci transportu drogowego, kolejowego, lotniczego i wodnego oraz związana z nimi infrastruktura. Obejmują połączenia pomiędzy różnymi sieciami. Zalicza się do nich także transeuropejską sieć transportową w rozumieniu decyzji nr 1692/96/WE Parlamentu Europejskiego i Rady z dnia 23 czerwca 1996 r. w sprawie wspólnotowych wytycznych dotyczących rozwoju transeuropejskiej sieci transportowej (1) wraz z jej przyszłymi zmianami. -Transporto tinklai -Közlekedési hálózatok -Reti di trasporto su strada, su rotaia, per via aerea e per vie navigabili e relative infrastrutture. Questa voce comprende i collegamenti tra le varie reti e anche la rete transeuropea di trasporto di cui alla decisione n. 1692/96/CE del Parlamento europeo e del Consiglio, del 23 luglio 1996, sugli orientamenti comunitari per lo sviluppo della rete transeuropee dei trasporti (1) e successive revisioni. -Reti di trasporto -Keliai, geležinkeliai, oro ir vandens transporto tinklai bei su jais susijusi infrastruktūra. Įtraukiamos sąsajos tarp skirtingų tinklų. Taip pat apima 1996 m. liepos 23 d. Europos Parlamente ir Tarybos sprendime Nr. 1692/96/EB, pateikiančiame Bendrijos gaires dėl transeuropinio transporto tinklo plėtros (1), ir jo vėlesniuose pakeitimuose apibrėžtą transeuropinį transporto tinklą. -Liikenneverkot -Réseaux routier, ferroviaire, aérien et navigable ainsi que les infrastructures associées. Sont également incluses les correspondances entre les différents réseaux, ainsi que le réseau transeuropéen de transport tel que défini dans la décision no 1692/96/CE du Parlement européen et du Conseil du 23 juillet 1996 sur les orientations communautaires pour le développement du réseau transeuropéen de transport (1) et les révisions futures de cette décision. -Réseaux de transport -Közúti, vasúti, légi és vízi közlekedési hálózatok és a kapcsolódó infrastruktúra. Ide tartoznak a különféle hálózatok közötti összeköttetések is. Magában foglalja továbbá a transzeurópai közlekedési hálózat fejlesztésére vonatkozó közösségi iránymutatásokról szóló, 1996. július 23-i 1692/96/EK európai parlamenti és tanácsi határozatban (1) meghatározott transzeurópai közlekedési hálózatot és e határozat jövőbeli felülvizsgálatait is. -Transpordivõrgud -Tie-, raide-, ilma- ja vesiliikenneverkot ja niihin liittyvä infrastruktuuri. Sisältää eri verkkojen väliset yhteydet. Sisältää myös Euroopan laajuisen liikenneverkon sellaisena kuin se on määritelty yhteisön suuntaviivoista Euroopan laajuisen liikenneverkon kehittämiseksi 23 päivänä heinäkuuta 1996 tehdyssä Euroopan parlamentin ja neuvoston päätöksessä N:o 1692/96/EY (1) ja tämän päätöksen tulevissa tarkistuksissa. -Redes de transporte -Maantee-, raudtee-, õhu- ja veetranspordivõrgud ja nendega seotud infrastruktuurid. Sisaldab eri võrkude vahelisi ühendusi. Hõlmab ka Euroopa Parlamendi ja nõukogu 23. juuli 1996. aasta otsuses 1692/96/EÜ üleeuroopalise transpordivõrgu arendamist käsitlevate ühenduse suuniste kohta, (1) määratletud üleeuroopalist transpordivõrku ja selle otsuse edaspidiseid muudatusi. -Δίκτυα μεταφορών -Road, rail, air and water transport networks and related infrastructure. Includes links between different networks. Also includes the trans-European transport network as defined in Decision No 1692/96/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 23 July 1996 on Community Guidelines for the development of the trans-European transport network (1) and future revisions of that Decision. -Transport networks -Redes de carreteras, ferrocarril, transporte aéreo y vías navegables, con sus correspondientes infraestructuras. Se incluirán las conexiones entre redes diferentes. Se incluirá también la red transeuropea de transporte, según la definición de la Decisión no 1692/96/CE del Parlamento Europeo y del Consejo, de 23 de julio de 1996, sobre las orientaciones comunitarias para el desarrollo de la red transeuropea de transporte (1), y de las futuras revisiones de dicha Decisión. -Δίκτυα οδικών, σιδηροδρομικών, αεροπορικών και υδάτινων μεταφορών και οι αντίστοιχες υποδομές. Περιλαμβάνονται οι συνδέσεις μεταξύ των διαφόρων δικτύων. Περιλαμβάνεται επίσης το διευρωπαϊκό δίκτυο μεταφορών, όπως ορίζεται στην απόφαση αριθ. 1692/96/EΚ του Ευρωπαϊκού Κοινοβουλίου και του Συμβουλίου, της 23ης Ιουλίου 1996, περί των κοινοτικών προσανατολισμών για την ανάπτυξη του διευρωπαϊκού δικτύου μεταφορών (1) και στις μελλοντικές αναθεωρήσεις της εν λόγω απόφασης. -Verkehrsnetze -Transportnet -Verkehrsnetze und zugehörige Infrastruktureinrichtungen für Straßen-, Schienen- und Luftverkehr sowie Schifffahrt. Umfasst auch die Verbindungen zwischen den verschiedenen Netzen. Umfasst auch das transeuropäische Verkehrsnetz im Sinne der Entscheidung Nr. 1692/96/EG des Europäischen Parlaments und des Rates vom 23. Juli 1996 über gemeinschaftliche Leitlinien für den Aufbau eines transeuropäischen Verkehrsnetzes (1) und künftiger Überarbeitungen dieser Entscheidung. -Transportnet for biler, tog, fly og skibe med tilhørende infrastruktur. Omfatter forbindelser mellem de forskellige net. Omfatter også det transeuropæiske transportnet som defineret i Europa-Parlamentets og Rådets beslutning nr. 1692/96/EF af 23. juli 1996 om Fællesskabets retningslinjer for udvikling af det transeuropæiske transportnet (1) og fremtidige ændringer af denne beslutning. -Транспортни мрежи -Silniční, železniční, letecké a vodní dopravní sítě a související infrastruktura. Zahrnují spojnice mezi jednotlivými sítěmi. Zahrnují rovněž transevropskou dopravní síť, jak je vymezena v rozhodnutí Evropského parlamentu a Rady č. 1692/96/ES ze dne 23. července 1996 o hlavních směrech Společenství pro rozvoj transevropské dopravní sítě (1) a v budoucích změnách uvedeného rozhodnutí. -Dopravní sítě -Автомобилни, железопътни, въздушни и водни транспортни мрежи и прилежаща инфраструктура. Включват връзки между различните мрежи. Включват също така и Трансевропейската транспортна мрежа, определена в Решение № 1692/96/ЕО на Европейския парламент и на Съвета от 23 юли 1996 г. относно общностните насоки за развитие на Трансевропейската транспортна мрежа (1) и бъдещо преразглеждане на това решение. -Xarxes de transportXarxes de carreteres, ferrocarril, transport aeri i vies navegables, amb les seves corresponents infraestructures. S’inclouran les connexions entre xarxes diferents. S’inclourà també la xarxa transeuropea de transport, segons la definició de la Decisió núm. 1692/96/CE del Parlament Europeu i del Consell, de 23 de juliol de 1996, sobre les orientacions comunitàries per al desenvolupament de la xarxa transeuropea de transport i de les futures revisions d’aquesta Decisió. - -hy -Hidrografija -Hydrografiska element, inbegripet havsområden och alla andra vattenförekomster och därtill hörande inslag, inbegripet avrinningsområden och delavrinningsområden. I förekommande fall i enlighet med definitionerna i Europaparlamentets och rådets direktiv 2000/60/EG av den 23 oktober 2000 om upprättande av en ram för gemenskapens åtgärder på vattenpolitikens område (2) och i form av nät. -Hydrografi -Hydrografia -Hidrografski elementi, ki vključujejo morska območja ter vsa druga vodna telesa in z njimi povezane dele, vključno s povodji in porečji. Po potrebi v skladu z opredelitvami v Direktivi 2000/60/ES Evropskega parlamenta in Sveta z dne 23. oktobra 2000 o določitvi okvira za ukrepe Skupnosti na področju vodne politike (2) in v obliki omrežij. -Hidrografia -Elementele hidrografice, inclusiv zonele marine, precum şi toate celelalte corpuri de apă şi elementele legate de acestea, inclusiv bazinele şi sub-bazinele hidrografice. După caz, în conformitate cu definiţiile din Directiva 2000/60/CE a Parlamentului European şi a Consiliului din 23 octombrie 2000 de stabilire a unui cadru de politică comunitară în domeniul apei (2) şi sub formă de reţele. -Hidrografie -Hydrografické prvky vrátane morských oblastí a všetkých ostatných vodných útvarov a objektov vzťahujúcich sa k nim vrátane povodí riek a čiastkových povodí. Ak je to možné, v súlade s vymedzeniami pojmov ustanovenými v smernici Európskeho parlamentu a Rady 2000/60/ES z 23. októbra 2000, ktorou sa stanovuje rámec pôsobnosti pre opatrenia Spoločenstva v oblasti vodného hospodárstva (2), a v podobe sietí. -Elementos hidrográficos, incluindo zonas marinhas e todas as outras massas de água e elementos com eles relacionados, incluindo bacias e sub-bacias hidrográficas. Quando adequado, de acordo com as definições da Directiva 2000/60/CE do Parlamento Europeu e do Conselho, de 23 de Outubro de 2000, que estabelece um quadro de acção comunitária no domínio da política da água (2), e sob a forma de redes. -Hydrografia -Hydrografie -Elementy hydrograficzne, w tym obszary morskie lub inne części wód oraz związane z nimi obiekty, łącznie z dorzeczami i zlewniami. W odpowiednich przypadkach zgodnie z definicjami zawartymi w dyrektywie 2000/60/WE Parlamentu Europejskiego i Rady z dnia 23 października 2000 r. ustanawiającej ramy wspólnotowego działania w dziedzinie polityki wodnej (2) oraz w formie sieci. -Hidrogrāfijas elementi, tostarp jūras teritorijas un visas citas ūdenstilpnes un ar tiem saistītie elementi, tostarp upju baseini un apakšbaseini. Attiecīgā gadījumā atbilstīgi definīcijām, kas izklāstītas Eiropas Parlamenta un Padomes Direktīvā 2000/60/EK (2000. gada 23. oktobris), ar ko izveido sistēmu Kopienas rīcībai ūdens resursu politikas jomā (2), un tīklu veidā. -Hydrografische elementen, waaronder mariene gebieden en alle andere waterlichamen en daarmee verband houdende elementen, met inbegrip van stroomgebieden en deelstroomgebieden, in voorkomend geval volgens de omschrijvingen vermeld in Richtlijn 2000/60/EG van het Europees Parlement en de Raad van 23 oktober 2000 tot vaststelling van een kader voor communautaire maatregelen betreffende het waterbeleid (2) en in de vorm van netwerken. -Idrografija -Elementi idrografiċi, inklużi żoni marittimi, u kull korp ieħor ta' l-ilma u oġġetti relatati magħhom, inklużi baċiri taxxmajjar u sub-baċiri. Fejn xieraq, skond id-definizzjonijiet fid-Direttiva 2000/60/KE tal-Parlament Ewropew u tal- Kunsill tat-23 ta' Ottubru 2000 li tistabbilixxi qafas għall-azzjoni Komunitarja fil-qasam tal-politika ta' l-ilma (2) u filforma ta' networks. -Hidrografija -Hidrogrāfija -Hydrographie -Vízrajzi elemek, beleértve a tengeri területeket, minden egyéb víztestet és azzal kapcsolatos elemet, többek között a vízgyűjtőket és részvízgyűjtőket. Adott esetben a vízpolitika terén a közösségi fellépés kereteinek meghatározásáról szóló, 2000. október 23-i 2000/60/EK európai parlamenti és tanácsi irányelv (2) fogalommeghatározásaival összhangban és hálózati formában. -Idrografia -Hidrografiniai elementai, įskaitant jūros zonas ir visus kitus vandens telkinius bei su jais susijusius elementus, įskaitant upių baseinus ir pabaseinius. Kur tikslinga, pagal 2000 m. spalio 23 d. Europos Parlamento ir Tarybos direktyvą 2000/60/EB, nustatančią Bendrijos veiksmų vandens politikos srityje pagrindus (2), ir tinklų pavidalu. -Elementi idrografici, comprese le zone marine e tutti gli altri corpi ed elementi idrici ad esse correlati, tra cui i bacini e sub bacini idrografici. Eventualmente in conformità delle definizioni contenute nella direttiva 2000/60/CE del Parlamento europeo e del Consiglio, del 23 ottobre 2000, che istituisce un quadro per l'azione comunitaria in materia di acque (2), e sotto forma di reti. -Vízrajz -Éléments hydrographiques, y compris les zones maritimes ainsi que toutes les autres masses d'eau et les éléments qui y sont liés, y compris les bassins et sous-bassins hydrographiques. Conformes, le cas échéant, aux définitions établies par la directive 2000/60/CE du Parlement européen et du Conseil du 23 octobre 2000 établissant un cadre pour une politique communautaire dans le domaine de l'eau (2) et sous forme de réseaux. -Hydrografia -Hüdrograafia -Hydrografiset elementit, mukaan luettuina merialueet ja kaikki muut vesimuodostumat ja niihin liittyvät kohteet, mukaan lukien vesistöalueet ja vesistöalueen osat. Tarvittaessa yhteisön vesipolitiikan puitteista 23 päivänä lokakuuta 2000 annetussa Euroopan parlamentin ja neuvoston direktiivissä 2000/60/EY (2) olevien määritelmien mukaan ja verkostomuodossa. -Hidrografía -Hüdrograafilised objektid, sealhulgas merealad ning kõik muud veekogud ja nendega seotud objektid, sealhulgas vesikonnad ja alamvesikonnad. Kui see on asjakohane, vastavalt Euroopa Parlamendi ja nõukogu 23. oktoobri 2000. aasta direktiivis 2000/60/EÜ, millega kehtestatakse ühenduse veepoliitika alane tegevusraamistik (2) määratletule ning võrkude kujul. -Elementos hidrográficos, incluidas las zonas marinas y todas las otras masas de agua y elementos relacionados con ellas, así como las cuencas y subcuencas hidrográficas. Cuando proceda, según lo definido en la Directiva 2000/60/CE del Parlamento Europeo y del Consejo, de 23 de octubre de 2000, por la que se establece un marco comunitario de actuación en el ámbito de la política de aguas (2), y en forma de redes. -Υδρογραφία -Hydrographic elements, including marine areas and all other water bodies and items related to them, including river basins and sub-basins. Where appropriate, according to the definitions set out in Directive 2000/60/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 23 October 2000 establishing a framework for Community action in the field of water policy (2) and in the form of networks. -Hydrography -Υδρογραφικά στοιχεία, όπου περιλαμβάνονται οι θαλάσσιες περιοχές και όλα τα άλλα υδατικά συστήματα και σχετιζόμενα στοιχεία, μεταξύ των οποίων και οι λεκάνες και υπολεκάνες απορροής ποταμών. Κατά περίπτωση, σύμφωνα με τους ορισμούς της οδηγίας 2000/60/ΕΚ του Ευρωπαϊκού Κοινοβουλίου και του Συμβουλίου, της 23ης Οκτωβρίου 2000, για τη θέσπιση πλαισίου κοινοτικής δράσης στον τομέα της πολιτικής των υδάτων (2) και υπό μορφή δικτύων. -Gewässernetz -Hydrografiske elementer, herunder havområder og alle andre vandområder og dertil knyttede forekomster, herunder også vandløbsoplande og vandløbsdeloplande. I givet fald i henhold til definitionerne i Europa-Parlamentets og Rådets direktiv 2000/60/EF af 23. oktober 2000 om fastlæggelse af en ramme for Fællesskabets vandpolitiske foranstaltninger (2) og i form af net. -Hydrograf -Vodopis -Хидрография -Přírodní prvky, včetně mořských oblastí a všech ostatních s nimi souvisejících vodních těles a prvků, včetně povodí a dílčích povodí. Případně v souladu s definicemi uvedenými ve směrnici Evropského parlamentu a Rady 2000/60/ES ze dne 23. října 2000, kterou se stanoví rámec pro činnost Společenství v oblasti vodní politiky (2), a v podobě sítí. -Elemente des Gewässernetzes, einschließlich Meeresgebieten und allen sonstigen Wasserkörpern und hiermit verbundenen Teilsystemen, darunter Einzugsgebiete und Teileinzugsgebiete. Gegebenenfalls gemäß den Definitionen der Richtlinie 2000/60/EG des Europäischen Parlaments und des Rates vom 23. Oktober 2000 zur Schaffung eines Ordnungsrahmens für Maßnahmen der Gemeinschaft im Bereich der Wasserpolitik (2) und in Form von Netzen. -Хидрографски елементи, включително морски райони и други водни маси и свързани с тях елементи, включително речни басейни и подбасейни. По целесъобразност съгласно определенията, посочени в Директива 2000/60/ЕО на Европейския парламент и на Съвета от 23 октомври 2000 г. за установяване на рамка за действията на Общността в областта на политиката за водите (2) и под формата на мрежи. -HidrografiaElements hidrogràfics, incloses les zones marines i totes les altres masses d’aigua i elements relacionats amb aquestes, així com les conques i subconques hidrogràfiques. Quan sigui procedent, segons el que defineix la Directiva 2000/60/CE del Parlament Europeu i del Consell, de 23 d’octubre de 2000, per la qual s’estableix un marc comunitari d’actuació en l’àmbit de la política d’aigües i en forma de xarxes. - -ps -Zavarovana območja -Områden som är utsedda eller förvaltas inom ramen för internationell lagstiftning, gemenskapslagstiftning och medlemsstaternas lagstiftning för att uppnå specifika miljövårdsmål. -Skyddade områden -Zone desemnate sau administrate într-un cadru legislativ internaţional, comunitar sau intern, în vederea îndeplinirii unor obiective specifice de conservare. -Zone protejate -Oblasti vymedzené alebo spravované v rámci medzinárodných právnych predpisov, právnych predpisov Spoločenstva a právnych predpisov členských štátov na účely dosiahnutia osobitných ochranárskych cieľov. -Chránené územia -Področje, ki se določi ali upravlja v okviru mednarodnega prava in prava držav članic in Skupnosti z namenom, da se dosežejo posebni cilji ohranjanja. -Obszary chronione -Zonas designadas ou geridas no âmbito de legislação internacional, comunitária ou dos Estados-Membros para a prossecução de objectivos específicos de conservação. -Sítios protegidos -Beschermde gebieden -Obszar wyznaczony lub zarządzany w ramach prawa międzynarodowego, wspólnotowego lub państw członkowskich, w celu osiągnięcia szczególnych celów ochrony. -Żona indikata jew amministrata f'qafas ta' leġiżlazzjoni internazzjonali, Komunitarja u ta' l-Istati Membri sabiex jintlaħqu objettivi speċifiċi ta' konservazzjoni. -Siti protetti -Gebieden die worden aangeduid of beheerd in het kader van internationale en communautaire wetgeving of wetgeving van de lidstaten om specifieke doelstellingen op het vlak van milieubescherming te verwezenlijken. -Saugomos teritorijos -Teritorijas, kas noteiktas vai pārvaldītas saistībā ar starptautiskiem, Kopienas un dalībvalstu tiesību aktiem, lai nodrošinātu īpašu dabas aizsardzības mērķu īstenošanu. -Aizsargājamas teritorijas -Siti protetti -Teritorija, nustatyta ar tvarkoma pagal tarptautinius, Bendrijos ir valstybių narių teisės aktus, siekiant konkrečių apsaugos tikslų. -Erityisten suojelutavoitteiden saavuttamiseksi kansainvälisen, yhteisön ja jäsenvaltioiden lainsäädännön puitteissa nimetty tai hoidettu alue. -Suojellut alueet -Zone désignée ou gérée dans un cadre législatif international, communautaire ou national en vue d'atteindre des objectifs spécifiques de conservation. -Sites protégés -Különleges természetvédelmi célok elérése érdekében – nemzetközi, közösségi és tagállami jogszabályok keretében – kijelölt vagy kezelt terület. -Védett helyek -Aree designate o gestite in un quadro legislativo internazionale, comunitario o degli Stati membri per conseguire obiettivi di conservazione specifici. -Kaitsealused kohad -Ala, mis on kindlaksmääratud või mida hallatakse rahvusvaheliste, ühenduse või liikmesriikide õigusaktide raames konkreetsete kaitse-eesmärkide saavutamiseks. -Lugares protegidos -Protected sites -Zonas designadas o gestionadas dentro de un marco legislativo internacional, comunitario o propio de los Estados miembros, para la consecución de unos objetivos de conservación específicos. -Προστατευόμενες τοποθεσίες -Area designated or managed within a framework of international, Community and Member States' legislation to achieve specific conservation objectives. -Beskyttede lokaliteter -Gebiete, die im Rahmen des internationalen und des gemeinschaftlichen Rechts sowie des Rechts der Mitgliedstaaten ausgewiesen sind oder verwaltet werden, um spezifische Erhaltungsziele zu erreichen. -Schutzgebiete -Εκτάσεις χαρακτηρισμένες ή υποκείμενες σε διαχείριση σε ένα πλαίσιο διεθνούς, κοινοτικού και εθνικού δικαίου για την επίτευξη συγκεκριμένων στόχων διατήρησης. -Chráněná území -Områder, der er udpeget eller forvaltes inden for en ramme af international, fællesskabs- og medlemsstatslovgivning for at nå bestemte bevaringsmål. -Район, определен или управляван съгласно международно законодателство, законодателство на Общността или на държавите-членки за постигане на определени цели за опазване на такива обекти. -Защитени обекти -Území určená nebo spravovaná v rámci mezinárodních právních předpisů a právních předpisů Společenství a členských států pro dosažení konkrétních cílů jejich ochrany. -Llocs protegitsZones designades o gestionades dins d’un marc legislatiu internacional, comunitari o propi dels estats membres, per a la consecució d’uns objectius de conservació específics. -