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IEEEtran.bst
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IEEEtran.bst
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%% IEEEtranUrldate.bst
%% https://gist.github.com/philmtd/f75f4071779ae053d86e04db525466f7
%% BibTeX Bibliography Style file for IEEE Journals and Conferences (unsorted)
%% Merged GQMJr + Ian Oois versions on 2017.02.14
%%
%% Edited on 2013.05.18 by GQMJr
%% Added ISBN, ISSN, DOI support
%%
%% Edited by Ian Ooi
%% Added urldate field, with accompanying default and CTLname variables to
%% allow for last accessed date on urls
%%
%% Copyright (c) 2003-2015 Michael Shell
%%
%% Original starting code base and algorithms obtained from the output of
%% Patrick W. Daly's makebst package as well as from prior versions of
%% IEEE BibTeX styles:
%%
%% 1. Howard Trickey and Oren Patashnik's ieeetr.bst (1985/1988)
%% 2. Silvano Balemi and Richard H. Roy's IEEEbib.bst (1993)
%%
%% Support sites:
%% http://www.michaelshell.org/tex/ieeetran/
%% http://www.ctan.org/pkg/ieeetran
%% and/or
%% http://www.ieee.org/
%%
%% For use with BibTeX version 0.99a or later
%%
%% This is a numerical citation style.
%%
%%*************************************************************************
%% Legal Notice:
%% This code is offered as-is without any warranty either expressed or
%% implied; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or
%% FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE!
%% User assumes all risk.
%% In no event shall the IEEE or any contributor to this code be liable for
%% any damages or losses, including, but not limited to, incidental,
%% consequential, or any other damages, resulting from the use or misuse
%% of any information contained here.
%%
%% All comments are the opinions of their respective authors and are not
%% necessarily endorsed by the IEEE.
%%
%% This work is distributed under the LaTeX Project Public License (LPPL)
%% ( http://www.latex-project.org/ ) version 1.3, and may be freely used,
%% distributed and modified. A copy of the LPPL, version 1.3, is included
%% in the base LaTeX documentation of all distributions of LaTeX released
%% 2003/12/01 or later.
%% Retain all contribution notices and credits.
%% ** Modified files should be clearly indicated as such, including **
%% ** renaming them and changing author support contact information. **
%%*************************************************************************
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%% DEFAULTS FOR THE CONTROLS OF THE BST STYLE %%
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
% These are the defaults for the user adjustable controls. The values used
% here can be overridden by the user via IEEEtranBSTCTL entry type.
% NOTE: The recommended LaTeX command to invoke a control entry type is:
%
%\makeatletter
%\def\bstctlcite{\@ifnextchar[{\@bstctlcite}{\@bstctlcite[@auxout]}}
%\def\@bstctlcite[#1]#2{\@bsphack
% \@for\@citeb:=#2\do{%
% \edef\@citeb{\expandafter\@firstofone\@citeb}%
% \if@filesw\immediate\write\csname #1\endcsname{\string\citation{\@citeb}}\fi}%
% \@esphack}
%\makeatother
%
% It is called at the start of the document, before the first \cite, like:
% \bstctlcite{IEEEexample:BSTcontrol}
%
% IEEEtran.cls V1.6 and later does provide this command.
% #0 turns off the display of the number for articles.
% #1 enables
FUNCTION {default.is.use.number.for.article} { #1 }
% #0 turns off the display of the paper and type fields in @inproceedings.
% #1 enables
FUNCTION {default.is.use.paper} { #1 }
% #0 turns off the display of urls
% #1 enables
FUNCTION {default.is.use.url} { #1 }
% #0 turns off the forced use of "et al."
% #1 enables
FUNCTION {default.is.forced.et.al} { #0 }
% The maximum number of names that can be present beyond which an "et al."
% usage is forced. Be sure that num.names.shown.with.forced.et.al (below)
% is not greater than this value!
% Note: There are many instances of references in IEEE journals which have
% a very large number of authors as well as instances in which "et al." is
% used profusely.
FUNCTION {default.max.num.names.before.forced.et.al} { #10 }
% The number of names that will be shown with a forced "et al.".
% Must be less than or equal to max.num.names.before.forced.et.al
FUNCTION {default.num.names.shown.with.forced.et.al} { #1 }
% #0 turns off the alternate interword spacing for entries with URLs.
% #1 enables
FUNCTION {default.is.use.alt.interword.spacing} { #1 }
% If alternate interword spacing for entries with URLs is enabled, this is
% the interword spacing stretch factor that will be used. For example, the
% default "4" here means that the interword spacing in entries with URLs can
% stretch to four times normal. Does not have to be an integer. Note that
% the value specified here can be overridden by the user in their LaTeX
% code via a command such as:
% "\providecommand\BIBentryALTinterwordstretchfactor{1.5}" in addition to
% that via the IEEEtranBSTCTL entry type.
FUNCTION {default.ALTinterwordstretchfactor} { "4" }
% #0 turns off the "dashification" of repeated (i.e., identical to those
% of the previous entry) names. The IEEE normally does this.
% #1 enables
FUNCTION {default.is.dash.repeated.names} { #0 }
% The default name format control string.
FUNCTION {default.name.format.string}{ "{f.~}{vv~}{ll}{, jj}" }
% The default LaTeX font command for the names.
FUNCTION {default.name.latex.cmd}{ "" }
% The default URL prefix.
FUNCTION {default.name.url.prefix}{ "[Online]. Available:" }
% The default URLDATE prefix
FUNCTION {default.name.urldate.prefix}{ "Accessed" }
% Other controls that cannot be accessed via IEEEtranBSTCTL entry type.
% #0 turns off the terminal startup banner/completed message so as to
% operate more quietly.
% #1 enables
FUNCTION {is.print.banners.to.terminal} { #1 }
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%% FILE VERSION AND BANNER %%
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
FUNCTION{bst.file.version} { "1.14" }
FUNCTION{bst.file.date} { "2015/08/26" }
FUNCTION{bst.file.website} { "http://www.michaelshell.org/tex/ieeetran/bibtex/" }
FUNCTION {banner.message}
{ is.print.banners.to.terminal
{ "-- IEEEtran.bst version" " " * bst.file.version *
" (" * bst.file.date * ") " * "by Michael Shell." *
top$
"-- " bst.file.website *
top$
"-- See the " quote$ * "IEEEtran_bst_HOWTO.pdf" * quote$ * " manual for usage information." *
top$
}
{ skip$ }
if$
}
FUNCTION {completed.message}
{ is.print.banners.to.terminal
{ ""
top$
"Done."
top$
}
{ skip$ }
if$
}
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%% STRING CONSTANTS %%
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
FUNCTION {bbl.and}{ "and" }
FUNCTION {bbl.etal}{ "et~al." }
FUNCTION {bbl.editors}{ "eds." }
FUNCTION {bbl.editor}{ "ed." }
FUNCTION {bbl.edition}{ "ed." }
FUNCTION {bbl.volume}{ "vol." }
FUNCTION {bbl.of}{ "of" }
FUNCTION {bbl.number}{ "no." }
FUNCTION {bbl.in}{ "in" }
FUNCTION {bbl.pages}{ "pp." }
FUNCTION {bbl.page}{ "p." }
FUNCTION {bbl.chapter}{ "ch." }
FUNCTION {bbl.paper}{ "paper" }
FUNCTION {bbl.part}{ "pt." }
FUNCTION {bbl.patent}{ "Patent" }
FUNCTION {bbl.patentUS}{ "U.S." }
FUNCTION {bbl.revision}{ "Rev." }
FUNCTION {bbl.series}{ "ser." }
FUNCTION {bbl.standard}{ "Std." }
FUNCTION {bbl.techrep}{ "Tech. Rep." }
FUNCTION {bbl.mthesis}{ "Master's thesis" }
FUNCTION {bbl.phdthesis}{ "Ph.D. dissertation" }
FUNCTION {bbl.st}{ "st" }
FUNCTION {bbl.nd}{ "nd" }
FUNCTION {bbl.rd}{ "rd" }
FUNCTION {bbl.th}{ "th" }
% This is the LaTeX spacer that is used when a larger than normal space
% is called for (such as just before the address:publisher).
FUNCTION {large.space} { "\hskip 1em plus 0.5em minus 0.4em\relax " }
% The LaTeX code for dashes that are used to represent repeated names.
% Note: Some older IEEE journals used something like
% "\rule{0.275in}{0.5pt}\," which is fairly thick and runs right along
% the baseline. However, the IEEE now uses a thinner, above baseline,
% six dash long sequence.
FUNCTION {repeated.name.dashes} { "------" }
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%% PREDEFINED STRING MACROS %%
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
MACRO {jan} {"Jan."}
MACRO {feb} {"Feb."}
MACRO {mar} {"Mar."}
MACRO {apr} {"Apr."}
MACRO {may} {"May"}
MACRO {jun} {"Jun."}
MACRO {jul} {"Jul."}
MACRO {aug} {"Aug."}
MACRO {sep} {"Sep."}
MACRO {oct} {"Oct."}
MACRO {nov} {"Nov."}
MACRO {dec} {"Dec."}
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%% ENTRY FIELDS %%
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
ENTRY
{ address
assignee
author
booktitle
chapter
day
dayfiled
doi %% GQMJr
edition
editor
howpublished
institution
intype
isbn %% GQMJr
issn %% GQMJr
journal
key
language
month
monthfiled
nationality
note
number
organization
pages
paper
publisher
school
series
revision
title
type
url
urldate
volume
year
yearfiled
CTLuse_article_number
CTLuse_paper
CTLuse_url
CTLuse_forced_etal
CTLmax_names_forced_etal
CTLnames_show_etal
CTLuse_alt_spacing
CTLalt_stretch_factor
CTLdash_repeated_names
CTLname_format_string
CTLname_latex_cmd
CTLname_url_prefix
CTLname_urldate_prefix
}
{}
{ label }
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%% INTEGER VARIABLES %%
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
INTEGERS { prev.status.punct this.status.punct punct.std
punct.no punct.comma punct.period
prev.status.space this.status.space space.std
space.no space.normal space.large
prev.status.quote this.status.quote quote.std
quote.no quote.close
prev.status.nline this.status.nline nline.std
nline.no nline.newblock
status.cap cap.std
cap.no cap.yes}
INTEGERS { longest.label.width multiresult nameptr namesleft number.label numnames }
INTEGERS { is.use.number.for.article
is.use.paper
is.use.url
is.forced.et.al
max.num.names.before.forced.et.al
num.names.shown.with.forced.et.al
is.use.alt.interword.spacing
is.dash.repeated.names}
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%% STRING VARIABLES %%
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
STRINGS { bibinfo
longest.label
oldname
s
t
ALTinterwordstretchfactor
name.format.string
name.latex.cmd
name.url.prefix
name.urldate.prefix}
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%% LOW LEVEL FUNCTIONS %%
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
FUNCTION {initialize.controls}
{ default.is.use.number.for.article 'is.use.number.for.article :=
default.is.use.paper 'is.use.paper :=
default.is.use.url 'is.use.url :=
default.is.forced.et.al 'is.forced.et.al :=
default.max.num.names.before.forced.et.al 'max.num.names.before.forced.et.al :=
default.num.names.shown.with.forced.et.al 'num.names.shown.with.forced.et.al :=
default.is.use.alt.interword.spacing 'is.use.alt.interword.spacing :=
default.is.dash.repeated.names 'is.dash.repeated.names :=
default.ALTinterwordstretchfactor 'ALTinterwordstretchfactor :=
default.name.format.string 'name.format.string :=
default.name.latex.cmd 'name.latex.cmd :=
default.name.url.prefix 'name.url.prefix :=
default.name.urldate.prefix 'name.urldate.prefix :=
}
% This IEEEtran.bst features a very powerful and flexible mechanism for
% controlling the capitalization, punctuation, spacing, quotation, and
% newlines of the formatted entry fields. (Note: IEEEtran.bst does not need
% or use the newline/newblock feature, but it has been implemented for
% possible future use.) The output states of IEEEtran.bst consist of
% multiple independent attributes and, as such, can be thought of as being
% vectors, rather than the simple scalar values ("before.all",
% "mid.sentence", etc.) used in most other .bst files.
%
% The more flexible and complex design used here was motivated in part by
% the IEEE's rather unusual bibliography style. For example, the IEEE ends the
% previous field item with a period and large space prior to the publisher
% address; the @electronic entry types use periods as inter-item punctuation
% rather than the commas used by the other entry types; and URLs are never
% followed by periods even though they are the last item in the entry.
% Although it is possible to accommodate these features with the conventional
% output state system, the seemingly endless exceptions make for convoluted,
% unreliable and difficult to maintain code.
%
% IEEEtran.bst's output state system can be easily understood via a simple
% illustration of two most recently formatted entry fields (on the stack):
%
% CURRENT_ITEM
% "PREVIOUS_ITEM
%
% which, in this example, is to eventually appear in the bibliography as:
%
% "PREVIOUS_ITEM," CURRENT_ITEM
%
% It is the job of the output routine to take the previous item off of the
% stack (while leaving the current item at the top of the stack), apply its
% trailing punctuation (including closing quote marks) and spacing, and then
% to write the result to BibTeX's output buffer:
%
% "PREVIOUS_ITEM,"
%
% Punctuation (and spacing) between items is often determined by both of the
% items rather than just the first one. The presence of quotation marks
% further complicates the situation because, in standard English, trailing
% punctuation marks are supposed to be contained within the quotes.
%
% IEEEtran.bst maintains two output state (aka "status") vectors which
% correspond to the previous and current (aka "this") items. Each vector
% consists of several independent attributes which track punctuation,
% spacing, quotation, and newlines. Capitalization status is handled by a
% separate scalar because the format routines, not the output routine,
% handle capitalization and, therefore, there is no need to maintain the
% capitalization attribute for both the "previous" and "this" items.
%
% When a format routine adds a new item, it copies the current output status
% vector to the previous output status vector and (usually) resets the
% current (this) output status vector to a "standard status" vector. Using a
% "standard status" vector in this way allows us to redefine what we mean by
% "standard status" at the start of each entry handler and reuse the same
% format routines under the various inter-item separation schemes. For
% example, the standard status vector for the @book entry type may use
% commas for item separators, while the @electronic type may use periods,
% yet both entry handlers exploit many of the exact same format routines.
%
% Because format routines have write access to the output status vector of
% the previous item, they can override the punctuation choices of the
% previous format routine! Therefore, it becomes trivial to implement rules
% such as "Always use a period and a large space before the publisher." By
% pushing the generation of the closing quote mark to the output routine, we
% avoid all the problems caused by having to close a quote before having all
% the information required to determine what the punctuation should be.
%
% The IEEEtran.bst output state system can easily be expanded if needed.
% For instance, it is easy to add a "space.tie" attribute value if the
% bibliography rules mandate that two items have to be joined with an
% unbreakable space.
FUNCTION {initialize.status.constants}
{ #0 'punct.no :=
#1 'punct.comma :=
#2 'punct.period :=
#0 'space.no :=
#1 'space.normal :=
#2 'space.large :=
#0 'quote.no :=
#1 'quote.close :=
#0 'cap.no :=
#1 'cap.yes :=
#0 'nline.no :=
#1 'nline.newblock :=
}
FUNCTION {std.status.using.comma}
{ punct.comma 'punct.std :=
space.normal 'space.std :=
quote.no 'quote.std :=
nline.no 'nline.std :=
cap.no 'cap.std :=
}
FUNCTION {std.status.using.period}
{ punct.period 'punct.std :=
space.normal 'space.std :=
quote.no 'quote.std :=
nline.no 'nline.std :=
cap.yes 'cap.std :=
}
FUNCTION {initialize.prev.this.status}
{ punct.no 'prev.status.punct :=
space.no 'prev.status.space :=
quote.no 'prev.status.quote :=
nline.no 'prev.status.nline :=
punct.no 'this.status.punct :=
space.no 'this.status.space :=
quote.no 'this.status.quote :=
nline.no 'this.status.nline :=
cap.yes 'status.cap :=
}
FUNCTION {this.status.std}
{ punct.std 'this.status.punct :=
space.std 'this.status.space :=
quote.std 'this.status.quote :=
nline.std 'this.status.nline :=
}
FUNCTION {cap.status.std}{ cap.std 'status.cap := }
FUNCTION {this.to.prev.status}
{ this.status.punct 'prev.status.punct :=
this.status.space 'prev.status.space :=
this.status.quote 'prev.status.quote :=
this.status.nline 'prev.status.nline :=
}
FUNCTION {not}
{ { #0 }
{ #1 }
if$
}
FUNCTION {and}
{ { skip$ }
{ pop$ #0 }
if$
}
FUNCTION {or}
{ { pop$ #1 }
{ skip$ }
if$
}
% convert the strings "yes" or "no" to #1 or #0 respectively
FUNCTION {yes.no.to.int}
{ "l" change.case$ duplicate$
"yes" =
{ pop$ #1 }
{ duplicate$ "no" =
{ pop$ #0 }
{ "unknown boolean " quote$ * swap$ * quote$ *
" in " * cite$ * warning$
#0
}
if$
}
if$
}
% pushes true if the single char string on the stack is in the
% range of "0" to "9"
FUNCTION {is.num}
{ chr.to.int$
duplicate$ "0" chr.to.int$ < not
swap$ "9" chr.to.int$ > not and
}
% multiplies the integer on the stack by a factor of 10
FUNCTION {bump.int.mag}
{ #0 'multiresult :=
{ duplicate$ #0 > }
{ #1 -
multiresult #10 +
'multiresult :=
}
while$
pop$
multiresult
}
% converts a single character string on the stack to an integer
FUNCTION {char.to.integer}
{ duplicate$
is.num
{ chr.to.int$ "0" chr.to.int$ - }
{"noninteger character " quote$ * swap$ * quote$ *
" in integer field of " * cite$ * warning$
#0
}
if$
}
% converts a string on the stack to an integer
FUNCTION {string.to.integer}
{ duplicate$ text.length$ 'namesleft :=
#1 'nameptr :=
#0 'numnames :=
{ nameptr namesleft > not }
{ duplicate$ nameptr #1 substring$
char.to.integer numnames bump.int.mag +
'numnames :=
nameptr #1 +
'nameptr :=
}
while$
pop$
numnames
}
% The output routines write out the *next* to the top (previous) item on the
% stack, adding punctuation and such as needed. Since IEEEtran.bst maintains
% the output status for the top two items on the stack, these output
% routines have to consider the previous output status (which corresponds to
% the item that is being output). Full independent control of punctuation,
% closing quote marks, spacing, and newblock is provided.
%
% "output.nonnull" does not check for the presence of a previous empty
% item.
%
% "output" does check for the presence of a previous empty item and will
% remove an empty item rather than outputing it.
%
% "output.warn" is like "output", but will issue a warning if it detects
% an empty item.
FUNCTION {output.nonnull}
{ swap$
prev.status.punct punct.comma =
{ "," * }
{ skip$ }
if$
prev.status.punct punct.period =
{ add.period$ }
{ skip$ }
if$
prev.status.quote quote.close =
{ "''" * }
{ skip$ }
if$
prev.status.space space.normal =
{ " " * }
{ skip$ }
if$
prev.status.space space.large =
{ large.space * }
{ skip$ }
if$
write$
prev.status.nline nline.newblock =
{ newline$ "\newblock " write$ }
{ skip$ }
if$
}
FUNCTION {output}
{ duplicate$ empty$
'pop$
'output.nonnull
if$
}
FUNCTION {output.warn}
{ 't :=
duplicate$ empty$
{ pop$ "empty " t * " in " * cite$ * warning$ }
'output.nonnull
if$
}
% "fin.entry" is the output routine that handles the last item of the entry
% (which will be on the top of the stack when "fin.entry" is called).
FUNCTION {fin.entry}
{ this.status.punct punct.no =
{ skip$ }
{ add.period$ }
if$
this.status.quote quote.close =
{ "''" * }
{ skip$ }
if$
write$
newline$
}
FUNCTION {is.last.char.not.punct}
{ duplicate$
"}" * add.period$
#-1 #1 substring$ "." =
}
FUNCTION {is.multiple.pages}
{ 't :=
#0 'multiresult :=
{ multiresult not
t empty$ not
and
}
{ t #1 #1 substring$
duplicate$ "-" =
swap$ duplicate$ "," =
swap$ "+" =
or or
{ #1 'multiresult := }
{ t #2 global.max$ substring$ 't := }
if$
}
while$
multiresult
}
FUNCTION {capitalize}{ "u" change.case$ "t" change.case$ }
FUNCTION {emphasize}
{ duplicate$ empty$
{ pop$ "" }
{ "\emph{" swap$ * "}" * }
if$
}
FUNCTION {do.name.latex.cmd}
{ name.latex.cmd
empty$
{ skip$ }
{ name.latex.cmd "{" * swap$ * "}" * }
if$
}
% IEEEtran.bst uses its own \BIBforeignlanguage command which directly
% invokes the TeX hyphenation patterns without the need of the Babel
% package. Babel does a lot more than switch hyphenation patterns and
% its loading can cause unintended effects in many class files (such as
% IEEEtran.cls).
FUNCTION {select.language}
{ duplicate$ empty$ 'pop$
{ language empty$ 'skip$
{ "\BIBforeignlanguage{" language * "}{" * swap$ * "}" * }
if$
}
if$
}
FUNCTION {tie.or.space.prefix}
{ duplicate$ text.length$ #3 <
{ "~" }
{ " " }
if$
swap$
}
FUNCTION {get.bbl.editor}
{ editor num.names$ #1 > 'bbl.editors 'bbl.editor if$ }
FUNCTION {space.word}{ " " swap$ * " " * }
% Field Conditioners, Converters, Checkers and External Interfaces
FUNCTION {empty.field.to.null.string}
{ duplicate$ empty$
{ pop$ "" }
{ skip$ }
if$
}
FUNCTION {either.or.check}
{ empty$
{ pop$ }
{ "can't use both " swap$ * " fields in " * cite$ * warning$ }
if$
}
FUNCTION {empty.entry.warn}
{ author empty$ title empty$ howpublished empty$
month empty$ year empty$ note empty$ url empty$
and and and and and and
{ "all relevant fields are empty in " cite$ * warning$ }
'skip$
if$
}
% The bibinfo system provides a way for the electronic parsing/acquisition
% of a bibliography's contents as is done by ReVTeX. For example, a field
% could be entered into the bibliography as:
% \bibinfo{volume}{2}
% Only the "2" would show up in the document, but the LaTeX \bibinfo command
% could do additional things with the information. IEEEtran.bst does provide
% a \bibinfo command via "\providecommand{\bibinfo}[2]{#2}". However, it is
% currently not used as the bogus bibinfo functions defined here output the
% entry values directly without the \bibinfo wrapper. The bibinfo functions
% themselves (and the calls to them) are retained for possible future use.
%
% bibinfo.check avoids acting on missing fields while bibinfo.warn will
% issue a warning message if a missing field is detected. Prior to calling
% the bibinfo functions, the user should push the field value and then its
% name string, in that order.
FUNCTION {bibinfo.check}
{ swap$ duplicate$ missing$
{ pop$ pop$ "" }
{ duplicate$ empty$
{ swap$ pop$ }
{ swap$ pop$ }
if$
}
if$
}
FUNCTION {bibinfo.warn}
{ swap$ duplicate$ missing$
{ swap$ "missing " swap$ * " in " * cite$ * warning$ pop$ "" }
{ duplicate$ empty$
{ swap$ "empty " swap$ * " in " * cite$ * warning$ }
{ swap$ pop$ }
if$
}
if$
}
% The IEEE separates large numbers with more than 4 digits into groups of
% three. The IEEE uses a small space to separate these number groups.
% Typical applications include patent and page numbers.
% number of consecutive digits required to trigger the group separation.
FUNCTION {large.number.trigger}{ #5 }
% For numbers longer than the trigger, this is the blocksize of the groups.
% The blocksize must be less than the trigger threshold, and 2 * blocksize
% must be greater than the trigger threshold (can't do more than one
% separation on the initial trigger).
FUNCTION {large.number.blocksize}{ #3 }
% What is actually inserted between the number groups.
FUNCTION {large.number.separator}{ "\," }
% So as to save on integer variables by reusing existing ones, numnames
% holds the current number of consecutive digits read and nameptr holds
% the number that will trigger an inserted space.
FUNCTION {large.number.separate}
{ 't :=
""
#0 'numnames :=
large.number.trigger 'nameptr :=
{ t empty$ not }
{ t #-1 #1 substring$ is.num
{ numnames #1 + 'numnames := }
{ #0 'numnames :=
large.number.trigger 'nameptr :=
}
if$
t #-1 #1 substring$ swap$ *
t #-2 global.max$ substring$ 't :=
numnames nameptr =
{ duplicate$ #1 nameptr large.number.blocksize - substring$ swap$
nameptr large.number.blocksize - #1 + global.max$ substring$
large.number.separator swap$ * *
nameptr large.number.blocksize - 'numnames :=
large.number.blocksize #1 + 'nameptr :=
}
{ skip$ }
if$
}
while$
}
% Converts all single dashes "-" to double dashes "--".
FUNCTION {n.dashify}
{ large.number.separate
't :=
""
{ t empty$ not }
{ t #1 #1 substring$ "-" =
{ t #1 #2 substring$ "--" = not
{ "--" *
t #2 global.max$ substring$ 't :=
}
{ { t #1 #1 substring$ "-" = }
{ "-" *
t #2 global.max$ substring$ 't :=
}
while$
}
if$
}
{ t #1 #1 substring$ *
t #2 global.max$ substring$ 't :=
}
if$
}
while$
}
% This function detects entries with names that are identical to that of
% the previous entry and replaces the repeated names with dashes (if the
% "is.dash.repeated.names" user control is nonzero).
FUNCTION {name.or.dash}
{ 's :=
oldname empty$
{ s 'oldname := s }
{ s oldname =
{ is.dash.repeated.names
{ repeated.name.dashes }
{ s 'oldname := s }
if$
}
{ s 'oldname := s }
if$
}
if$
}
% Converts the number string on the top of the stack to
% "numerical ordinal form" (e.g., "7" to "7th"). There is
% no artificial limit to the upper bound of the numbers as the
% two least significant digits determine the ordinal form.
FUNCTION {num.to.ordinal}
{ duplicate$ #-2 #1 substring$ "1" =
{ bbl.th * }
{ duplicate$ #-1 #1 substring$ "1" =
{ bbl.st * }
{ duplicate$ #-1 #1 substring$ "2" =
{ bbl.nd * }
{ duplicate$ #-1 #1 substring$ "3" =
{ bbl.rd * }
{ bbl.th * }
if$
}
if$
}
if$
}
if$
}
% If the string on the top of the stack begins with a number,
% (e.g., 11th) then replace the string with the leading number
% it contains. Otherwise retain the string as-is. s holds the
% extracted number, t holds the part of the string that remains
% to be scanned.
FUNCTION {extract.num}
{ duplicate$ 't :=
"" 's :=
{ t empty$ not }
{ t #1 #1 substring$
t #2 global.max$ substring$ 't :=
duplicate$ is.num
{ s swap$ * 's := }
{ pop$ "" 't := }
if$
}
while$
s empty$
'skip$
{ pop$ s }
if$
}
% Converts the word number string on the top of the stack to
% Arabic string form. Will be successful up to "tenth".
FUNCTION {word.to.num}
{ duplicate$ "l" change.case$ 's :=
s "first" =
{ pop$ "1" }
{ skip$ }
if$
s "second" =
{ pop$ "2" }
{ skip$ }
if$
s "third" =
{ pop$ "3" }
{ skip$ }
if$
s "fourth" =
{ pop$ "4" }
{ skip$ }
if$
s "fifth" =
{ pop$ "5" }
{ skip$ }
if$
s "sixth" =
{ pop$ "6" }
{ skip$ }
if$
s "seventh" =
{ pop$ "7" }
{ skip$ }
if$
s "eighth" =
{ pop$ "8" }
{ skip$ }
if$
s "ninth" =