why-natural-selection.bib

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@article {vanalten2022reweighting,
	author = {van Alten, Sjoerd and Domingue, Benjamin W and Galama, Titus J and Marees, Andries T},
	title = {Reweighting the UK Biobank to reflect its underlying sampling population substantially reduces pervasive selection bias due to volunteering},
	elocation-id = {2022.05.16.22275048},
	year = {2022},
	doi = {10.1101/2022.05.16.22275048},
	publisher = {Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press},
	URL = {https://www.medrxiv.org/content/early/2022/05/16/2022.05.16.22275048},
	eprint = {https://www.medrxiv.org/content/early/2022/05/16/2022.05.16.22275048.full.pdf},
	journal = {medRxiv}
}

@article{bergsvik2021can,
  title={Can Policies Stall the Fertility Fall? A Systematic Review of the (Quasi-) Experimental Literature},
  author={Bergsvik, Janna and Fauske, Agnes and Hart, Rannveig Kaldager},
  journal={Population and Development Review},
  volume={47},
  number={4},
  pages={913--964},
  year={2021},
  publisher={Wiley Online Library}
}


@techreport{doepke2022economics,
  title={The economics of fertility: A new era},
  author={Doepke, Matthias and Hannusch, Anne and Kindermann, Fabian and Tertilt, Mich{\`e}le},
  year={2022},
  institution={National Bureau of Economic Research}
}

@article{van2021effects,
  title={The Effects of Demographic-Based Selection Bias on GWAS Results in the UK Biobank},
  author={van Alten, Sjoerd and Domingue, Benjamin W and Galama, Titus and Marees, Andries},
  journal={Behavior Genetics},
  volume={51},
  number={6},
  pages={748--748},
  year={2021},
  publisher={Springer}
}

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@article{FIEDER202216,
title = {Contemporary selection pressures in modern societies? Which factors best explain variance in human reproduction and mating?},
journal = {Evolution and Human Behavior},
volume = {43},
number = {1},
pages = {16-25},
year = {2022},
issn = {1090-5138},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.evolhumbehav.2021.08.001},
url = {https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S109051382100060X},
author = {Martin Fieder and Susanne Huber},
keywords = {Variance mating and reproduction, Income, Polygenic risk score, Religiousness, Education, Selection}
}

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@article {Howe2021.03.05.433935,
	author = {Howe, Laurence J and Nivard, Michel G and Morris, Tim T and Hansen, Ailin F and Rasheed, Humaira and Cho, Yoonsu and Chittoor, Geetha and Lind, Penelope A and Palviainen, Teemu and van der Zee, Matthijs D and Cheesman, Rosa and Mangino, Massimo and Wang, Yunzhang and Li, Shuai and Klaric, Lucija and Ratliff, Scott M and Bielak, Lawrence F and Nygaard, Marianne and Reynolds, Chandra A and Balbona, Jared V and Bauer, Christopher R and Boomsma, Dorret I and Baras, Aris and Campbell, Archie and Campbell, Harry and Chen, Zhengming and Christofidou, Paraskevi and Dahm, Christina C and Dokuru, Deepika R and Evans, Luke M and de Geus, Eco JC and Giddaluru, Sudheer and Gordon, Scott D and Harden, K. Paige and Havdahl, Alexandra and Hill, W. David and Kerr, Shona M and Kim, Yongkang and Kweon, Hyeokmoon and Latvala, Antti and Li, Liming and Lin, Kuang and Martikainen, Pekka and Magnusson, Patrik KE and Mills, Melinda C and Lawlor, Deborah A and Overton, John D and Pedersen, Nancy L and Porteous, David J and Reid, Jeffrey and Silventoinen, Karri and Southey, Melissa C and Mallard, Travis T and Tucker-Drob, Elliot M and Wright, Margaret J and Social Science Genetic Association Consortium and Within Family Consortium and Hewitt, John K and Keller, Matthew C and Stallings, Michael C and Christensen, Kaare and Kardia, Sharon LR and Peyser, Patricia A and Smith, Jennifer A and Wilson, James F and Hopper, John L and H{\"a}gg, Sara and Spector, Tim D and Pingault, Jean-Baptiste and Plomin, Robert and Bartels, Meike and Martin, Nicholas G and Justice, Anne E and Millwood, Iona Y and Hveem, Kristian and Naess, {\O}yvind and Willer, Cristen J and {\r A}svold, Bj{\o}rn Olav and Koellinger, Philipp D and Kaprio, Jaakko and Medland, Sarah E and Walters, Robin G and Benjamin, Daniel J and Turley, Patrick and Evans, David M and Smith, George Davey and Hayward, Caroline and Brumpton, Ben and Hemani, Gibran and Davies, Neil M},
	title = {Within-sibship GWAS improve estimates of direct genetic effects},
	elocation-id = {2021.03.05.433935},
	year = {2021},
	doi = {10.1101/2021.03.05.433935},
	publisher = {Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory},
	abstract = {Estimates from genome-wide association studies (GWAS) represent a combination of the effect of inherited genetic variation (direct effects), demography (population stratification, assortative mating) and genetic nurture from relatives (indirect genetic effects). GWAS using family-based designs can control for demography and indirect genetic effects, but large-scale family datasets have been lacking. We combined data on 159,701 siblings from 17 cohorts to generate population (between-family) and within-sibship (within-family) estimates of genome-wide genetic associations for 25 phenotypes. We demonstrate that existing GWAS associations for height, educational attainment, smoking, depressive symptoms, age at first birth and cognitive ability overestimate direct effects. We show that estimates of SNP-heritability, genetic correlations and Mendelian randomization involving these phenotypes substantially differ when calculated using within-sibship estimates. For example, genetic correlations between educational attainment and height largely disappear. In contrast, analyses of most clinical phenotypes (e.g. LDL-cholesterol) were generally consistent between population and within-sibship models. We also report compelling evidence of polygenic adaptation on taller human height using within-sibship data. Large-scale family datasets provide new opportunities to quantify direct effects of genetic variation on human traits and diseases.Competing Interest StatementThe authors have declared no competing interest.},
	URL = {https://www.biorxiv.org/content/early/2021/03/07/2021.03.05.433935},
	eprint = {https://www.biorxiv.org/content/early/2021/03/07/2021.03.05.433935.full.pdf},
	journal = {bioRxiv}
}

@article{benton2021influence,
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	journal = {Nature Reviews Genetics},
	title = {The influence of evolutionary history on human health and disease},
	year = {2021}}


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}

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@url{zenz2020,
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	urldate = {9 Nov 2020},
	year = {2020},
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@article{mills2021identification,
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  year={2021},
}


@webpage{hrs2020,
	author = {HRS},
	date-added = {2020-10-15 15:39:49 +0100},
	date-modified = {2020-10-15 15:40:57 +0100},
	lastchecked = {15 Oct 2020},
	url = {https://hrs.isr.umich.edu/data-products/genetic-data/products?_ga=2.248005447.1729788711.1602771602-1571093872.1602771602},
	year = {2020},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {https://hrs.isr.umich.edu/data-products/genetic-data/products?_ga=2.248005447.1729788711.1602771602-1571093872.1602771602}}

@article{Barban_2016,
	author = {Nicola Barban and and Rick Jansen and Ronald de Vlaming and Ahmad Vaez and Jornt J Mandemakers and Felix C Tropf and Xia Shen and James F Wilson and Daniel I Chasman and Ilja M Nolte and Vinicius Tragante and Sander W van der Laan and John R B Perry and Augustine Kong and Tarunveer S Ahluwalia and Eva Albrecht and Laura Yerges-Armstrong and Gil Atzmon and Kirsi Auro and Kristin Ayers and Andrew Bakshi and Danny Ben-Avraham and Klaus Berger and Aviv Bergman and Lars Bertram and Lawrence F Bielak and Gyda Bjornsdottir and Marc Jan Bonder and Linda Broer and Minh Bui and Caterina Barbieri and Alana Cavadino and Jorge E Chavarro and Constance Turman and Maria Pina Concas and Heather J Cordell and Gail Davies and Peter Eibich and Nicholas Eriksson and T{\~{o}}nu Esko and Joel Eriksson and Fahimeh Falahi and Janine F Felix and Mark Alan Fontana and Lude Franke and Ilaria Gandin and Audrey J Gaskins and Christian Gieger and Erica P Gunderson and Xiuqing Guo and Caroline Hayward and Chunyan He and Edith Hofer and Hongyan Huang and Peter K Joshi and Stavroula Kanoni and Robert Karlsson and Stefan Kiechl and Annette Kifley and Alexander Kluttig and Peter Kraft and Vasiliki Lagou and Cecile Lecoeur and Jari Lahti and Ruifang Li-Gao and Penelope A Lind and Tian Liu and Enes Makalic and Crysovalanto Mamasoula and Lindsay Matteson and Hamdi Mbarek and Patrick F McArdle and George McMahon and S Fleur W Meddens and Evelin Mihailov and Mike Miller and Stacey A Missmer and Claire Monnereau and Peter J van der Most and Ronny Myhre and Mike A Nalls and Teresa Nutile and Ioanna Panagiota Kalafati and Eleonora Porcu and Inga Prokopenko and Kumar B Rajan and Janet Rich-Edwards and Cornelius A Rietveld and Antonietta Robino and Lynda M Rose and Rico Rueedi and Kathleen A Ryan and Yasaman Saba and Daniel Schmidt and Jennifer A Smith and Lisette Stolk and Elizabeth Streeten and Anke T{\"o}njes and Gudmar Thorleifsson and Sheila Ulivi and Juho Wedenoja and Juergen Wellmann and Peter Willeit and Jie Yao and Loic Yengo and Jing Hua Zhao and Wei Zhao and Daria V Zhernakova and Najaf Amin and Howard Andrews and Beverley Balkau and Nir Barzilai and Sven Bergmann and Ginevra Biino and Hans Bisgaard and Klaus B{\o}nnelykke and Dorret I Boomsma and Julie E Buring and Harry Campbell and Stefania Cappellani and Marina Ciullo and Simon R Cox and Francesco Cucca and Daniela Toniolo and George Davey-Smith and Ian J Deary and George Dedoussis and Panos Deloukas and Cornelia M van Duijn and Eco J C de Geus and Johan G Eriksson and Denis A Evans and Jessica D Faul and Cinzia Felicita Sala and Philippe Froguel and Paolo Gasparini and Giorgia Girotto and Hans-J{\"o}rgen Grabe and Karin Halina Greiser and Patrick J F Groenen and Hugoline G de Haan and Johannes Haerting and Tamara B Harris and Andrew C Heath and Kauko Heikkil{\"a} and Albert Hofman and Georg Homuth and Elizabeth G Holliday and John Hopper and Elina Hypp{\"o}nen and Bo Jacobsson and Vincent W V Jaddoe and Magnus Johannesson and Astanand Jugessur and Mika K{\"a}h{\"o}nen and Eero Kajantie and Sharon L R Kardia and Bernard Keavney and Ivana Kolcic and P{\"a}ivikki Koponen and Peter Kovacs and Florian Kronenberg and Zoltan Kutalik and Martina La Bianca and Genevieve Lachance and William G Iacono and Sandra Lai and Terho Lehtim{\"a}ki and David C Liewald and Cecilia M Lindgren and Yongmei Liu and Robert Luben and Michael Lucht and Riitta Luoto and Per Magnus and Patrik K E Magnusson and Nicholas G Martin and Matt McGue and Ruth McQuillan and Sarah E Medland and Christa Meisinger and Dan Mellstr{\"o}m and Andres Metspalu and Michela Traglia and Lili Milani and Paul Mitchell and Grant W Montgomery and Dennis Mook-Kanamori and Ren{\'{e}}e de Mutsert and Ellen A Nohr and Claes Ohlsson and J{\o}rn Olsen and Ken K Ong and Lavinia Paternoster and Alison Pattie and Brenda W J H Penninx and Markus Perola and Patricia A Peyser and Mario Pirastu and Ozren Polasek and Chris Power and Jaakko Kaprio and Leslie J Raffel and Katri R{\"a}ikk{\"o}nen and Olli Raitakari and Paul M Ridker and Susan M Ring and Kathryn Roll and Igor Rudan and Daniela Ruggiero and Dan Rujescu and Veikko Salomaa and David Schlessinger and Helena Schmidt and Reinhold Schmidt and Nicole Schupf and Johannes Smit and Rossella Sorice and Tim D Spector and John M Starr and Doris St{\"o}ckl and Konstantin Strauch and Michael Stumvoll and Morris A Swertz and Unnur Thorsteinsdottir and A Roy Thurik and Nicholas J Timpson and Joyce Y Tung and Andr{\'{e}} G Uitterlinden and Simona Vaccargiu and Jorma Viikari and Veronique Vitart and Henry V{\"o}lzke and Peter Vollenweider and Dragana Vuckovic and Johannes Waage and Gert G Wagner and Jie Jin Wang and Nicholas J Wareham and David R Weir and Gonneke Willemsen and Johann Willeit and Alan F Wright and Krina T Zondervan and Kari Stefansson and Robert F Krueger and James J Lee and Daniel J Benjamin and David Cesarini and Philipp D Koellinger and Marcel den Hoed and Harold Snieder and Melinda C Mills and},
	date-added = {2020-10-10 17:45:07 +0100},
	date-modified = {2020-10-10 17:45:07 +0100},
	doi = {10.1038/ng.3698},
	journal = {Nature Genetics},
	month = {oct},
	number = {12},
	pages = {1462--1472},
	publisher = {Springer Science and Business Media {LLC}},
	title = {Genome-wide analysis identifies 12 loci influencing human reproductive behavior},
	url = {https://doi.org/10.1038%2Fng.3698},
	volume = {48},
	year = 2016,
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {https://doi.org/10.1038%2Fng.3698},
	Bdsk-Url-2 = {https://doi.org/10.1038/ng.3698}}

@article{10.1093/aje/kwx246,
	abstract = {{The UK Biobank cohort is a population-based cohort of 500,000 participants recruited in the United Kingdom (UK) between 2006 and 2010. Approximately 9.2 million individuals aged 40{\^a}€``69 years who lived within 25 miles (40 km) of one of 22 assessment centers in England, Wales, and Scotland were invited to enter the cohort, and 5.5\\% participated in the baseline assessment. The representativeness of the UK Biobank cohort was investigated by comparing demographic characteristics between nonresponders and responders. Sociodemographic, physical, lifestyle, and health-related characteristics of the cohort were compared with nationally representative data sources. UK Biobank participants were more likely to be older, to be female, and to live in less socioeconomically deprived areas than nonparticipants. Compared with the general population, participants were less likely to be obese, to smoke, and to drink alcohol on a daily basis and had fewer self-reported health conditions. At age 70{\^a}€``74 years, rates of all-cause mortality and total cancer incidence were 46.2\\% and 11.8\\% lower, respectively, in men and 55.5\\% and 18.1\\% lower, respectively, in women than in the general population of the same age. UK Biobank is not representative of the sampling population; there is evidence of a {\^a}€{\oe}healthy volunteer{\^a}€ selection bias. Nonetheless, valid assessment of exposure-disease relationships may be widely generalizable and does not require participants to be representative of the population at large.}},
	author = {Fry, Anna and Littlejohns, Thomas J and Sudlow, Cathie and Doherty, Nicola and Adamska, Ligia and Sprosen, Tim and Collins, Rory and Allen, Naomi E},
	date-added = {2020-10-10 17:41:24 +0100},
	date-modified = {2020-10-10 17:41:24 +0100},
	doi = {10.1093/aje/kwx246},
	eprint = {https://academic.oup.com/aje/article-pdf/186/9/1026/24330720/kwx246.pdf},
	issn = {0002-9262},
	journal = {American Journal of Epidemiology},
	month = {06},
	number = {9},
	pages = {1026-1034},
	title = {{Comparison of Sociodemographic and Health-Related Characteristics of UK Biobank Participants With Those of the General Population}},
	url = {https://doi.org/10.1093/aje/kwx246},
	volume = {186},
	year = {2017},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {https://doi.org/10.1093/aje/kwx246}}

@article{kong2017selection,
	author = {Kong, Augustine and Frigge, Michael L and Thorleifsson, Gudmar and Stefansson, Hreinn and Young, Alexander I and Zink, Florian and Jonsdottir, Gudrun A and Okbay, Aysu and Sulem, Patrick and Masson, Gisli and others},
	journal = {Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences},
	number = {5},
	pages = {E727--E732},
	publisher = {National Acad Sciences},
	title = {Selection against variants in the genome associated with educational attainment},
	volume = {114},
	year = {2017}}

@article{sanjak2018evidence,
	author = {Sanjak, Jaleal S and Sidorenko, Julia and Robinson, Matthew R and Thornton, Kevin R and Visscher, Peter M},
	journal = {Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences},
	number = {1},
	pages = {151--156},
	publisher = {National Acad Sciences},
	title = {Evidence of directional and stabilizing selection in contemporary humans},
	volume = {115},
	year = {2018}}

@article{beauchamp2016genetic,
	author = {Beauchamp, Jonathan P},
	journal = {Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences},
	number = {28},
	pages = {7774--7779},
	publisher = {National Acad Sciences},
	title = {Genetic evidence for natural selection in humans in the contemporary United States},
	volume = {113},
	year = {2016}}

@article{becker1960economic,
	author = {Becker, Gary S},
	journal = {National Bureau Commitee for Economic Research},
	publisher = {Princeton University Press},
	title = {An Economic Analysis of Fertility},
	volume = {209},
	year = {1960}}

@article{colantone2018a,
	title = {Global Competition and Brexit},
	author = {COLANTONE, ITALO and STANIG, PIERO},
	year = {2018},
	month = {03},
	date = {2018-03-25},
	journal = {American Political Science Review},
	pages = {201--218},
	volume = {112},
	number = {2},
	doi = {10.1017/s0003055417000685},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0003055417000685},
	langid = {en}
}