diff --git a/src/main/java/com/eatthepath/noise/NoiseHandshake.java b/src/main/java/com/eatthepath/noise/NoiseHandshake.java
index febb6ea..709a77f 100644
--- a/src/main/java/com/eatthepath/noise/NoiseHandshake.java
+++ b/src/main/java/com/eatthepath/noise/NoiseHandshake.java
@@ -136,6 +136,7 @@ public class NoiseHandshake {
 
   private int currentMessagePattern = 0;
   private boolean hasSplit = false;
+  private boolean hasFallenBack = false;
 
   private final CipherState cipherState;
   private final NoiseHash noiseHash;
@@ -478,6 +479,10 @@ public boolean isOneWayHandshake() {
    * @see #isDone()
    */
   public boolean isExpectingRead() {
+    if (hasFallenBack) {
+      return false;
+    }
+
     if (currentMessagePattern < handshakePattern.getHandshakeMessagePatterns().length) {
       return handshakePattern.getHandshakeMessagePatterns()[currentMessagePattern].sender() != role;
     }
@@ -497,6 +502,10 @@ public boolean isExpectingRead() {
    * @see #isDone()
    */
   public boolean isExpectingWrite() {
+    if (hasFallenBack) {
+      return false;
+    }
+
     if (currentMessagePattern < handshakePattern.getHandshakeMessagePatterns().length) {
       return handshakePattern.getHandshakeMessagePatterns()[currentMessagePattern].sender() == role;
     }
@@ -514,6 +523,10 @@ public boolean isExpectingWrite() {
    * @see #isExpectingWrite()
    */
   public boolean isDone() {
+    if (hasFallenBack) {
+      return false;
+    }
+
     return currentMessagePattern == handshakePattern.getHandshakeMessagePatterns().length;
   }
 
@@ -1246,7 +1259,6 @@ private void handleMixKeyToken(final HandshakePattern.Token token) {
    * @see HandshakePattern#isFallbackPattern()
    */
   public NoiseHandshake fallbackTo(final String handshakePatternName) throws NoSuchPatternException {
-    // TODO Self-destruct after falling back
     return fallbackTo(handshakePatternName, null);
   }
 
@@ -1271,6 +1283,10 @@ public NoiseHandshake fallbackTo(final String handshakePatternName) throws NoSuc
    * @see HandshakePattern#isFallbackPattern()
    */
   public NoiseHandshake fallbackTo(final String handshakePatternName, @Nullable final List<byte[]> preSharedKeys) throws NoSuchPatternException {
+    if (hasFallenBack) {
+      throw new IllegalStateException("Handshake has already fallen back to another pattern");
+    }
+
     final HandshakePattern fallbackPattern = HandshakePattern.getInstance(handshakePatternName);
 
     if (!fallbackPattern.isFallbackPattern()) {
@@ -1313,6 +1329,8 @@ public NoiseHandshake fallbackTo(final String handshakePatternName, @Nullable fi
       fallbackRemoteEphemeralPublicKey = null;
     }
 
+    hasFallenBack = true;
+
     return new NoiseHandshake(role,
         fallbackPattern,
         keyAgreement,
diff --git a/src/test/java/com/eatthepath/noise/NoiseHandshakeTest.java b/src/test/java/com/eatthepath/noise/NoiseHandshakeTest.java
index 25abe76..6ea8ed9 100644
--- a/src/test/java/com/eatthepath/noise/NoiseHandshakeTest.java
+++ b/src/test/java/com/eatthepath/noise/NoiseHandshakeTest.java
@@ -3,9 +3,12 @@
 import com.eatthepath.noise.component.NoiseKeyAgreement;
 import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
 
+import javax.crypto.AEADBadTagException;
 import javax.crypto.ShortBufferException;
 import java.nio.ByteBuffer;
+import java.security.KeyPair;
 import java.security.NoSuchAlgorithmException;
+import java.security.PublicKey;
 
 import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.*;
 
@@ -130,4 +133,37 @@ void readMessageShortBuffer() throws NoSuchAlgorithmException {
     assertThrows(ShortBufferException.class, () ->
         handshake.readMessage(ByteBuffer.wrap(message), ByteBuffer.allocate(payloadLength - 1)));
   }
+
+  @Test
+  void repeatedFallback() throws NoSuchAlgorithmException {
+    final NoiseKeyAgreement keyAgreement = NoiseKeyAgreement.getInstance("25519");
+
+    final KeyPair initiatorStaticKeyPair = keyAgreement.generateKeyPair();
+    final PublicKey staleRemoteStaticPublicKey = keyAgreement.generateKeyPair().getPublic();
+    final KeyPair currentResponderStaticKeyPair = keyAgreement.generateKeyPair();
+
+    final byte[] initiatorStaticKeyMessage;
+    {
+      final NoiseHandshake ikInitiatorHandshake =
+          NoiseHandshakeBuilder.forIKInitiator(initiatorStaticKeyPair, staleRemoteStaticPublicKey)
+              .setComponentsFromProtocolName("Noise_IK_25519_AESGCM_SHA256")
+              .build();
+
+      initiatorStaticKeyMessage = ikInitiatorHandshake.writeMessage((byte[]) null);
+    }
+
+    final NoiseHandshake ikResponderHandshake =
+        NoiseHandshakeBuilder.forIKResponder(currentResponderStaticKeyPair)
+            .setComponentsFromProtocolName("Noise_IK_25519_AESGCM_SHA256")
+            .build();
+
+    assertThrows(AEADBadTagException.class, () -> ikResponderHandshake.readMessage(initiatorStaticKeyMessage));
+
+    assertDoesNotThrow(() -> ikResponderHandshake.fallbackTo("XXfallback"));
+    assertThrows(IllegalStateException.class, () -> ikResponderHandshake.fallbackTo("XXfallback"));
+
+    assertFalse(ikResponderHandshake.isExpectingRead());
+    assertFalse(ikResponderHandshake.isExpectingWrite());
+    assertFalse(ikResponderHandshake.isDone());
+  }
 }