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ip-masq-agent

The ip-masq-agent configures iptables rules to MASQUERADE traffic outside link-local (optional, enabled by default) and additional arbitrary IP ranges.

It creates an iptables chain called IP-MASQ-AGENT, which contains match rules for link local (169.254.0.0/16) and each of the user-specified IP ranges. It also creates a rule in POSTROUTING that jumps to this chain for any traffic not bound for a LOCAL destination.

IPs that match the rules (except for the final rule) in IP-MASQ-AGENT are not subject to MASQUERADE via the IP-MASQ-AGENT chain (they RETURN early from the chain). The final rule in the IP-MASQ-AGENT chain will MASQUERADE any non-LOCAL traffic.

RETURN in IP-MASQ-AGENT resumes rule processing at the next rule the calling chain, POSTROUTING. Take care to avoid creating additional rules in POSTROUTING that cause packets bound for your configured ranges to undergo MASQUERADE.

Launching the agent as a DaemonSet

This repo includes an example yaml file that can be used to launch the ip-masq-agent as a DaemonSet in a Kubernetes cluster.

kubectl create -f ip-masq-agent.yaml

The spec in ip-masq-agent.yaml specifies the kube-system namespace for the DaemonSet Pods.

Configuring the agent

Important: You should not attempt to run this agent in a cluster where the Kubelet is also configuring a non-masquerade CIDR. You can pass --non-masquerade-cidr=0.0.0.0/0 to the Kubelet to nullify its rule, which will prevent the Kubelet from interfering with this agent.

By default, the agent is configured to treat the three private IP ranges specified by RFC 1918 as non-masquerade CIDRs. These ranges are 10.0.0.0/8, 172.16.0.0/12, and 192.168.0.0/16. To change this behavior, see the flags section below. The agent will also treat link-local (169.254.0.0/16) as a non-masquerade CIDR by default.

By default, the agent is configured to reload its configuration from the /etc/config/ip-masq-agent file in its container every 60 seconds.

The agent configuration file should be written in yaml or json syntax, and may contain four optional keys:

  • nonMasqueradeCIDRs []string: A list strings in CIDR notation that specify the non-masquerade ranges.
  • cidrLimit int: Maximum number of nonMasqueradeCIDRs entries allowed. 64 by default.
  • masqLinkLocal bool: Whether to masquerade traffic to 169.254.0.0/16. False by default.
  • masqLinkLocalIPv6 bool: Whether to masquerade traffic to fe80::/10. False by default.
  • resyncInterval string: The interval at which the agent attempts to reload config from disk. The syntax is any format accepted by Go's time.ParseDuration function.

The agent will look for a config file in its container at /etc/config/ip-masq-agent. This file can be provided via a ConfigMap, plumbed into the container via a ConfigMapVolumeSource. As a result, the agent can be reconfigured in a live cluster by creating or editing this ConfigMap.

This repo includes a directory-representation of a ConfigMap that can configure the agent (the agent-config directory). To use this directory to create the ConfigMap in your cluster:

kubectl create configmap ip-masq-agent --from-file=agent-config --namespace=kube-system

Note that we created the ConfigMap in the same namespace as the DaemonSet Pods, and named the ConfigMap to match the spec in ip-masq-agent.yaml. This is necessary for the ConfigMap to appear in the Pods' filesystems.

Agent Flags

The agent accepts five flags, which may be specified in the yaml file.

masq-chain : The name of the iptables chain to use. By default set to IP-MASQ-AGENT.

nomasq-all-reserved-ranges : Whether or not to masquerade all RFC reserved ranges when the configmap is empty. The default is false. When false, the agent will masquerade to every destination except the ranges reserved by RFC 1918 (namely 10.0.0.0/8, 172.16.0.0/12, and 192.168.0.0/16). When true, the agent will masquerade to every destination that is not marked reserved by an RFC. The full list of ranges is (10.0.0.0/8, 172.16.0.0/12, 192.168.0.0/16, 100.64.0.0/10, 192.0.0.0/24, 192.0.2.0/24, 192.88.99.0/24, 198.18.0.0/15, 198.51.100.0/24, 203.0.113.0/24, and 240.0.0.0/4). Note however, that this list of ranges is overridden by specifying the nonMasqueradeCIDRs key in the agent configmap.

enable-ipv6 : Whether to configurate ip6tables rules. By default enable-ipv6 is false.

random-fully : Since ip-masq-agent v2.10, --random-fully started to be set by default on the MASQUERADE rule generated (by defaulting this flag to true) to avoid a Linux kernel racing issue. This can cause the source port used on the node to be always different from the source port used on the pod. Set this flag to false to restore the previous behavior.

to-ports : MASQUERADE rules of iptables can select any port between 1024 and 65535 inclusively by default. This flag adds additional MASQUERADE rules for TCP, UDP and SCTP traffic to specify explicit source ports to be used (traffic in other protocols is unchanged). Ranges can be specified using 1024-29999 syntax, or multiple ranges with 1024-29999,32768-65535 where the traffic is balanced among all ports within the ranges.

Rationale

(from the incubator proposal)

This agent solves the problem of configuring the CIDR ranges for non-masquerade in a cluster (via iptables rules). Today, this is accomplished by passing a --non-masquerade-cidr flag to the Kubelet, which only allows one CIDR to be configured as non-masquerade. RFC 1918, however, defines three ranges (10/8, 172.16/12, 192.168/16) for the private IP address space.

Some users will want to communicate between these ranges without masquerade - for instance, if an organization's existing network uses the 10/8 range, they may wish to run their cluster and Pods in 192.168/16 to avoid IP conflicts. They will also want these Pods to be able to communicate efficiently (no masquerade) with each-other and with their existing network resources in 10/8. This requires that every node in their cluster skips masquerade for both ranges.

We are trying to eliminate networking code from the Kubelet, so rather than extend the Kubelet to accept multiple CIDRs, ip-masq-agent allows you to run a DaemonSet that configures a list of CIDRs as non-masquerade.

Releasing

See RELEASE.

Developing

Clone the repo to $GOPATH/src/k8s.io/ip-masq-agent.

The build tooling is based on thockin/go-build-template.

Run make or make build to compile the ip-masq-agent. This will use a Docker image to build the agent, with the current directory volume-mounted into place. This will store incremental state for the fastest possible build. Run make all-build to build for all architectures.

Run make test to run the unit tests.

Run make container to build the container image. It will calculate the image tag based on the most recent git tag, and whether the repo is "dirty" since that tag (see make version). Run make all-container to build containers for all architectures.

Run make push to push the container image to REGISTRY. Run make all-push to push the container images for all architectures.

Run make clean to clean up.