diff --git a/include/threepp/core/EventDispatcher.hpp b/include/threepp/core/EventDispatcher.hpp
index ab457b0b..8bcd4b25 100644
--- a/include/threepp/core/EventDispatcher.hpp
+++ b/include/threepp/core/EventDispatcher.hpp
@@ -33,6 +33,8 @@ namespace threepp {
 
         void removeEventListener(const std::string& type, const EventListener* listener);
 
+        void removeAllEventListeners(const std::string& type);
+
         void dispatchEvent(const std::string& type, void* target = nullptr);
 
         virtual ~EventDispatcher() = default;
diff --git a/include/threepp/renderers/GLRenderer.hpp b/include/threepp/renderers/GLRenderer.hpp
index f2a3579e..51225983 100644
--- a/include/threepp/renderers/GLRenderer.hpp
+++ b/include/threepp/renderers/GLRenderer.hpp
@@ -154,7 +154,7 @@ namespace threepp {
 
         [[nodiscard]] const gl::GLInfo& info() const;
 
-        [[nodiscard]] std::optional<unsigned int> getGlTextureId(const Texture& texture) const;
+        [[nodiscard]] std::optional<unsigned int> getGlTextureId(Texture& texture) const;
 
         ~GLRenderer();
 
diff --git a/src/threepp/core/EventDispatcher.cpp b/src/threepp/core/EventDispatcher.cpp
index 3b3f3ee0..24121f18 100644
--- a/src/threepp/core/EventDispatcher.cpp
+++ b/src/threepp/core/EventDispatcher.cpp
@@ -46,3 +46,7 @@ void EventDispatcher::dispatchEvent(const std::string& type, void* target) {
         }
     }
 }
+void EventDispatcher::removeAllEventListeners(const std::string& type) {
+
+    listeners_.erase(type);
+}
diff --git a/src/threepp/renderers/GLRenderer.cpp b/src/threepp/renderers/GLRenderer.cpp
index 2255384e..e3d78b0b 100644
--- a/src/threepp/renderers/GLRenderer.cpp
+++ b/src/threepp/renderers/GLRenderer.cpp
@@ -161,7 +161,7 @@ struct GLRenderer::Impl {
         this->setScissor(0, 0, _size.width, _size.height);
     }
 
-    [[nodiscard]] std::optional<unsigned int> getGlTextureId(const Texture& texture) const {
+    [[nodiscard]] std::optional<unsigned int> getGlTextureId(Texture& texture) const {
 
         return textures.getGlTexture(texture);
     }
@@ -170,12 +170,12 @@ struct GLRenderer::Impl {
 
         releaseMaterialProgramReferences(material);
 
-        properties.materialProperties.remove(material->uuid());
+        properties.materialProperties.remove(material);
     }
 
     void releaseMaterialProgramReferences(Material* material) {
 
-        auto& programs = properties.materialProperties.get(material->uuid())->programs;
+        auto& programs = properties.materialProperties.get(material)->programs;
 
         if (!programs.empty()) {
 
@@ -580,7 +580,7 @@ struct GLRenderer::Impl {
         auto* scene = _scene->as<Scene>();
         if (!scene) scene = _emptyScene.get();// scene could be a Mesh, Line, Points, ...
 
-        auto materialProperties = properties.materialProperties.get(material->uuid());
+        auto materialProperties = properties.materialProperties.get(material);
 
         auto& lights = currentRenderState->getLights();
         auto& shadowsArray = currentRenderState->getShadowsArray();
@@ -686,7 +686,7 @@ struct GLRenderer::Impl {
 
     void updateCommonMaterialProperties(Material* material, gl::ProgramParameters& parameters) {
 
-        auto materialProperties = properties.materialProperties.get(material->uuid());
+        auto materialProperties = properties.materialProperties.get(material);
 
         materialProperties->outputEncoding = parameters.outputEncoding;
         materialProperties->instancing = parameters.instancing;
@@ -730,7 +730,7 @@ struct GLRenderer::Impl {
                             object->geometry()->hasAttribute("color") &&
                             object->geometry()->getAttribute<float>("color")->itemSize() == 4;
 
-        auto materialProperties = properties.materialProperties.get(material->uuid());
+        auto materialProperties = properties.materialProperties.get(material);
         auto& lights = currentRenderState->getLights();
 
         if (_clippingEnabled) {
@@ -1029,7 +1029,7 @@ struct GLRenderer::Impl {
         _currentActiveCubeFace = activeCubeFace;
         _currentActiveMipmapLevel = activeMipmapLevel;
 
-        if (renderTarget && !properties.renderTargetProperties.get(renderTarget->uuid)->glFramebuffer) {
+        if (renderTarget && !properties.renderTargetProperties.get(renderTarget)->glFramebuffer) {
 
             textures.setupRenderTarget(renderTarget);
         }
@@ -1040,7 +1040,7 @@ struct GLRenderer::Impl {
 
             const auto& texture = renderTarget->texture;
 
-            framebuffer = *properties.renderTargetProperties.get(renderTarget->uuid)->glFramebuffer;
+            framebuffer = *properties.renderTargetProperties.get(renderTarget)->glFramebuffer;
 
             _currentViewport.copy(renderTarget->viewport);
             _currentScissor.copy(renderTarget->scissor);
@@ -1356,7 +1356,7 @@ GLRenderTarget* threepp::GLRenderer::getRenderTarget() {
     return pimpl_->_currentRenderTarget;
 }
 
-std::optional<unsigned int> GLRenderer::getGlTextureId(const Texture& texture) const {
+std::optional<unsigned int> GLRenderer::getGlTextureId(Texture& texture) const {
 
     return pimpl_->getGlTextureId(texture);
 }
diff --git a/src/threepp/renderers/gl/GLClipping.cpp b/src/threepp/renderers/gl/GLClipping.cpp
index 0a1c78c0..4078d6d4 100644
--- a/src/threepp/renderers/gl/GLClipping.cpp
+++ b/src/threepp/renderers/gl/GLClipping.cpp
@@ -53,7 +53,7 @@ struct GLClipping::Impl {
         auto clipIntersection = material->clipIntersection;
         auto clipShadows = material->clipShadows;
 
-        auto materialProperties = properties.materialProperties.get(material->uuid());
+        auto materialProperties = properties.materialProperties.get(material);
 
         if (!scope.localClippingEnabled || planes.empty() || scope.renderingShadows && !clipShadows) {
 
diff --git a/src/threepp/renderers/gl/GLGeometries.cpp b/src/threepp/renderers/gl/GLGeometries.cpp
index cbe62ff7..7431c2f6 100644
--- a/src/threepp/renderers/gl/GLGeometries.cpp
+++ b/src/threepp/renderers/gl/GLGeometries.cpp
@@ -192,6 +192,13 @@ struct GLGeometries::Impl {
 
         return wireframeAttributes_.at(geometry).get();
     }
+
+    ~Impl() {
+
+        for (auto& [geom, _] : geometries_) {
+            geom->removeAllEventListeners("dispose");
+        }
+    }
 };
 
 
diff --git a/src/threepp/renderers/gl/GLMaterials.cpp b/src/threepp/renderers/gl/GLMaterials.cpp
index a8a013a2..3feec8a7 100644
--- a/src/threepp/renderers/gl/GLMaterials.cpp
+++ b/src/threepp/renderers/gl/GLMaterials.cpp
@@ -65,7 +65,7 @@ struct GLMaterials::Impl {
             uniforms.at("specularMap").setValue(specularMaterial->specularMap.get());
         }
 
-        auto envMap = properties.materialProperties.get(material->uuid())->envMap;
+        auto envMap = properties.materialProperties.get(material)->envMap;
         if (envMap) {
 
             auto cubeTexture = dynamic_cast<CubeTexture*>(envMap);
@@ -79,7 +79,7 @@ struct GLMaterials::Impl {
                 uniforms.at("refractionRatio").value<float>() = reflectiveMaterial->refractionRatio;
             }
 
-            const auto maxMipMapLevel = properties.textureProperties.get(envMap->uuid)->maxMipLevel;
+            const auto maxMipMapLevel = properties.textureProperties.get(envMap)->maxMipLevel;
             if (maxMipMapLevel) {
                 uniforms["maxMipLevel"].value<int>() = *maxMipMapLevel;
             }
@@ -258,7 +258,7 @@ struct GLMaterials::Impl {
             uniforms.at("displacementBias").value<float>() = material->displacementBias;
         }
 
-        auto envMap = properties.materialProperties.get(material->uuid());
+        auto envMap = properties.materialProperties.get(material);
         if (envMap) {
 
             uniforms["envMapIntensity"].value<float>() = material->envMapIntensity;
diff --git a/src/threepp/renderers/gl/GLProperties.hpp b/src/threepp/renderers/gl/GLProperties.hpp
index f25c7f66..51dec748 100644
--- a/src/threepp/renderers/gl/GLProperties.hpp
+++ b/src/threepp/renderers/gl/GLProperties.hpp
@@ -7,6 +7,9 @@
 
 #include "GLUniforms.hpp"
 #include "threepp/core/Uniform.hpp"
+#include "threepp/materials/Material.hpp"
+#include "threepp/renderers/GLRenderer.hpp"
+#include "threepp/textures/Texture.hpp"
 
 #include <optional>
 #include <unordered_map>
@@ -60,15 +63,15 @@ namespace threepp::gl {
         unsigned int version{};
     };
 
-    template<class T>
+    template<class E, class T>
     struct GLTypeProperties {
 
-        T* get(const std::string& key) {
+        T* get(E* key) {
 
             return &properties_[key];
         }
 
-        void remove(const std::string& key) {
+        void remove(E* key) {
 
             properties_.erase(key);
         }
@@ -79,17 +82,25 @@ namespace threepp::gl {
         }
 
     private:
-        std::unordered_map<std::string, T> properties_;
+        friend struct GLProperties;
+        std::unordered_map<E*, T> properties_;
     };
 
     struct GLProperties {
 
-        GLTypeProperties<TextureProperties> textureProperties;
-        GLTypeProperties<MaterialProperties> materialProperties;
-        GLTypeProperties<RenderTargetProperties> renderTargetProperties;
+        GLTypeProperties<Texture, TextureProperties> textureProperties;
+        GLTypeProperties<Material, MaterialProperties> materialProperties;
+        GLTypeProperties<GLRenderTarget, RenderTargetProperties> renderTargetProperties;
 
         void dispose() {
 
+            for (auto& [tex, _] : textureProperties.properties_) {
+                tex->removeAllEventListeners("dispose");
+            }
+            for (auto& [mat, _] : materialProperties.properties_) {
+                mat->removeAllEventListeners("dispose");
+            }
+
             textureProperties.dispose();
             materialProperties.dispose();
             renderTargetProperties.dispose();
diff --git a/src/threepp/renderers/gl/GLRenderLists.cpp b/src/threepp/renderers/gl/GLRenderLists.cpp
index 91f53bbe..3f85fed7 100644
--- a/src/threepp/renderers/gl/GLRenderLists.cpp
+++ b/src/threepp/renderers/gl/GLRenderLists.cpp
@@ -62,7 +62,7 @@ gl::RenderItem* gl::GLRenderList::getNextRenderItem(
         unsigned int groupOrder, float z, std::optional<GeometryGroup> group) {
 
     gl::RenderItem* renderItem = nullptr;
-    auto materialProperties = properties.materialProperties.get(material->uuid());
+    auto materialProperties = properties.materialProperties.get(material);
 
     if (renderItemsIndex >= renderItems.size()) {
         auto r = std::make_unique<RenderItem>(RenderItem{object->id,
diff --git a/src/threepp/renderers/gl/GLTextures.cpp b/src/threepp/renderers/gl/GLTextures.cpp
index 0423e870..3e5f625f 100644
--- a/src/threepp/renderers/gl/GLTextures.cpp
+++ b/src/threepp/renderers/gl/GLTextures.cpp
@@ -90,11 +90,11 @@ gl::GLTextures::GLTextures(gl::GLState& state, gl::GLProperties& properties, gl:
       onTextureDispose_(this),
       onRenderTargetDispose_(this) {}
 
-void gl::GLTextures::generateMipmap(GLuint target, const Texture& texture, GLuint width, GLuint height) {
+void gl::GLTextures::generateMipmap(GLuint target, Texture& texture, GLuint width, GLuint height) {
 
     glGenerateMipmap(target);
 
-    auto textureProperties = properties->textureProperties.get(texture.uuid);
+    auto textureProperties = properties->textureProperties.get(&texture);
 
     textureProperties->maxMipLevel = static_cast<int>(std::log2(std::max(width, height)));
 }
@@ -220,13 +220,13 @@ void gl::GLTextures::deallocateTexture(Texture* texture) {
 
     if (!properties) return;
 
-    auto textureProperties = properties->textureProperties.get(texture->uuid);
+    auto textureProperties = properties->textureProperties.get(texture);
 
     if (!textureProperties->glInit) return;
 
     glDeleteTextures(1, &textureProperties->glTexture.value());
 
-    properties->textureProperties.remove(texture->uuid);
+    properties->textureProperties.remove(texture);
 }
 
 void gl::GLTextures::deallocateRenderTarget(GLRenderTarget* renderTarget) {
@@ -235,8 +235,8 @@ void gl::GLTextures::deallocateRenderTarget(GLRenderTarget* renderTarget) {
 
     const auto& texture = renderTarget->texture;
 
-    auto renderTargetProperties = properties->renderTargetProperties.get(renderTarget->uuid);
-    const auto& textureProperties = properties->textureProperties.get(texture->uuid);
+    auto renderTargetProperties = properties->renderTargetProperties.get(renderTarget);
+    const auto& textureProperties = properties->textureProperties.get(texture.get());
 
     if (textureProperties->glTexture) {
 
@@ -253,8 +253,8 @@ void gl::GLTextures::deallocateRenderTarget(GLRenderTarget* renderTarget) {
     glDeleteFramebuffers(1, &renderTargetProperties->glFramebuffer.value());
     if (renderTargetProperties->glDepthbuffer) glDeleteRenderbuffers(1, &renderTargetProperties->glDepthbuffer.value());
 
-    properties->textureProperties.remove(texture->uuid);
-    properties->renderTargetProperties.remove(renderTarget->uuid);
+    properties->textureProperties.remove(texture.get());
+    properties->renderTargetProperties.remove(renderTarget);
 }
 
 void gl::GLTextures::resetTextureUnits() {
@@ -278,7 +278,7 @@ int gl::GLTextures::allocateTextureUnit() {
 
 void gl::GLTextures::setTexture2D(Texture& texture, GLuint slot) {
 
-    auto textureProperties = properties->textureProperties.get(texture.uuid);
+    auto textureProperties = properties->textureProperties.get(&texture);
 
     if (texture.version() > 0 && textureProperties->version != texture.version()) {
 
@@ -301,7 +301,7 @@ void gl::GLTextures::setTexture2D(Texture& texture, GLuint slot) {
 
 void gl::GLTextures::setTexture2DArray(Texture& texture, GLuint slot) {
 
-    auto textureProperties = properties->textureProperties.get(texture.uuid);
+    auto textureProperties = properties->textureProperties.get(&texture);
 
     if (texture.version() > 0 && textureProperties->version != texture.version()) {
 
@@ -315,7 +315,7 @@ void gl::GLTextures::setTexture2DArray(Texture& texture, GLuint slot) {
 
 void gl::GLTextures::setTexture3D(Texture& texture, GLuint slot) {
 
-    auto textureProperties = properties->textureProperties.get(texture.uuid);
+    auto textureProperties = properties->textureProperties.get(&texture);
 
     if (texture.version() > 0 && textureProperties->version != texture.version()) {
 
@@ -329,7 +329,7 @@ void gl::GLTextures::setTexture3D(Texture& texture, GLuint slot) {
 
 void gl::GLTextures::setTextureCube(Texture& texture, GLuint slot) {
 
-    auto textureProperties = properties->textureProperties.get(texture.uuid);
+    auto textureProperties = properties->textureProperties.get(&texture);
 
     if (texture.version() > 0 && textureProperties->version != texture.version()) {
 
@@ -397,7 +397,7 @@ void gl::GLTextures::setupFrameBufferTexture(
     }
 
     state->bindFramebuffer(GL_FRAMEBUFFER, framebuffer);
-    glFramebufferTexture2D(GL_FRAMEBUFFER, attachment, textureTarget, *properties->textureProperties.get(texture.uuid)->glTexture, 0);
+    glFramebufferTexture2D(GL_FRAMEBUFFER, attachment, textureTarget, *properties->textureProperties.get(&texture)->glTexture, 0);
     state->bindFramebuffer(GL_FRAMEBUFFER, 0);
 }
 
@@ -447,7 +447,7 @@ void gl::GLTextures::setupDepthTexture(unsigned int framebuffer, GLRenderTarget*
     }
 
     // upload an empty depth texture with framebuffer size
-    if (!properties->textureProperties.get(renderTarget->depthTexture->uuid)->glTexture ||
+    if (!properties->textureProperties.get(renderTarget->depthTexture.get())->glTexture ||
         renderTarget->depthTexture->image.front().width != renderTarget->width ||
         renderTarget->depthTexture->image.front().height != renderTarget->height) {
 
@@ -458,7 +458,7 @@ void gl::GLTextures::setupDepthTexture(unsigned int framebuffer, GLRenderTarget*
 
     setTexture2D(*renderTarget->depthTexture, 0);
 
-    const auto glDepthTexture = properties->textureProperties.get(renderTarget->depthTexture->uuid)->glTexture;
+    const auto glDepthTexture = properties->textureProperties.get(renderTarget->depthTexture.get())->glTexture;
 
     if (renderTarget->depthTexture->format == Format::Depth) {
 
@@ -476,7 +476,7 @@ void gl::GLTextures::setupDepthTexture(unsigned int framebuffer, GLRenderTarget*
 
 void gl::GLTextures::setupDepthRenderbuffer(GLRenderTarget* renderTarget) {
 
-    auto renderTargetProperties = properties->renderTargetProperties.get(renderTarget->uuid);
+    auto renderTargetProperties = properties->renderTargetProperties.get(renderTarget);
 
     if (renderTarget->depthTexture) {
 
@@ -498,8 +498,8 @@ void gl::GLTextures::setupRenderTarget(GLRenderTarget* renderTarget) {
 
     const auto& texture = renderTarget->texture;
 
-    auto renderTargetProperties = properties->renderTargetProperties.get(renderTarget->uuid);
-    auto textureProperties = properties->textureProperties.get(texture->uuid);
+    auto renderTargetProperties = properties->renderTargetProperties.get(renderTarget);
+    auto textureProperties = properties->textureProperties.get(texture.get());
 
     renderTarget->addEventListener("dispose", &onRenderTargetDispose_);
 
@@ -555,7 +555,7 @@ void gl::GLTextures::updateRenderTargetMipmap(GLRenderTarget* renderTarget) {
     if (textureNeedsGenerateMipmaps(*texture)) {
 
         const auto target = GL_TEXTURE_2D;
-        const auto glTexture = properties->textureProperties.get(texture->uuid)->glTexture;
+        const auto glTexture = properties->textureProperties.get(texture.get())->glTexture;
 
         state->bindTexture(target, *glTexture);
         generateMipmap(target, *texture, renderTarget->width, renderTarget->height);
@@ -563,9 +563,9 @@ void gl::GLTextures::updateRenderTargetMipmap(GLRenderTarget* renderTarget) {
     }
 }
 
-std::optional<unsigned int> gl::GLTextures::getGlTexture(const Texture& texture) const {
+std::optional<unsigned int> gl::GLTextures::getGlTexture(Texture& texture) const {
 
-    const auto textureProperties = properties->textureProperties.get(texture.uuid);
+    const auto textureProperties = properties->textureProperties.get(&texture);
 
     return textureProperties->glTexture;
 }
diff --git a/src/threepp/renderers/gl/GLTextures.hpp b/src/threepp/renderers/gl/GLTextures.hpp
index 78705c5c..b04dae48 100644
--- a/src/threepp/renderers/gl/GLTextures.hpp
+++ b/src/threepp/renderers/gl/GLTextures.hpp
@@ -25,7 +25,7 @@ namespace threepp::gl {
 
         GLTextures(GLState& state, GLProperties& properties, GLInfo& info);
 
-        void generateMipmap(unsigned int target, const Texture& texture, unsigned int width, unsigned int height);
+        void generateMipmap(unsigned int target, Texture& texture, unsigned int width, unsigned int height);
 
         void setTextureParameters(unsigned int textureType, Texture& texture);
 
@@ -67,7 +67,7 @@ namespace threepp::gl {
 
         void updateRenderTargetMipmap(GLRenderTarget* renderTarget);
 
-        [[nodiscard]] std::optional<unsigned int> getGlTexture(const Texture& texture) const;
+        [[nodiscard]] std::optional<unsigned int> getGlTexture(Texture& texture) const;
 
     private:
         struct TextureEventListener: EventListener {