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perly.y
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/* perly.y
*
* Copyright (c) 1991-2002, 2003, 2004, 2005, 2006 Larry Wall
* Copyright (c) 2007, 2008, 2009, 2010, 2011 by Larry Wall and others
*
* You may distribute under the terms of either the GNU General Public
* License or the Artistic License, as specified in the README file.
*
*/
/*
* 'I see,' laughed Strider. 'I look foul and feel fair. Is that it?
* All that is gold does not glitter, not all those who wander are lost.'
*
* [p.171 of _The Lord of the Rings_, I/x: "Strider"]
*/
/*
* This file holds the grammar for the Perl language. If edited, you need
* to run regen_perly.pl, which re-creates the files perly.h, perly.tab
* and perly.act which are derived from this.
*
* The main job of this grammar is to call the various newFOO()
* functions in op.c to build a syntax tree of OP structs.
* It relies on the lexer in toke.c to do the tokenizing.
*
* Note: due to the way that the cleanup code works WRT to freeing ops on
* the parse stack, it is dangerous to assign to the $n variables within
* an action.
*/
/* Make the parser re-entrant. */
%define api.pure
%start grammar
%union {
I32 ival; /* __DEFAULT__ (marker for regen_perly.pl;
must always be 1st union member) */
char *pval;
OP *opval;
GV *gvval;
}
%token <ival> GRAMPROG GRAMEXPR GRAMBLOCK GRAMBARESTMT GRAMFULLSTMT GRAMSTMTSEQ GRAMSUBSIGNATURE
%token <ival> '{' '}' '[' ']' '-' '+' '@' '%' '&' '=' '.'
%token <opval> BAREWORD METHOD FUNCMETH THING PMFUNC PRIVATEREF QWLIST
%token <opval> FUNC0OP FUNC0SUB UNIOPSUB LSTOPSUB
%token <opval> PLUGEXPR PLUGSTMT
%token <opval> LABEL
%token <ival> FORMAT SUB SIGSUB ANONSUB ANON_SIGSUB PACKAGE USE
%token <ival> WHILE UNTIL IF UNLESS ELSE ELSIF CONTINUE FOR
%token <ival> GIVEN WHEN DEFAULT
%token <ival> LOOPEX DOTDOT YADAYADA
%token <ival> FUNC0 FUNC1 FUNC UNIOP LSTOP
%token <ival> MULOP ADDOP
%token <ival> DOLSHARP DO HASHBRACK NOAMP
%token <ival> LOCAL MY REQUIRE
%token <ival> COLONATTR FORMLBRACK FORMRBRACK
%token <ival> SUBLEXSTART SUBLEXEND
%type <ival> grammar remember mremember
%type <ival> startsub startanonsub startformsub
%type <ival> mintro
%type <opval> stmtseq fullstmt labfullstmt barestmt block mblock else
%type <opval> expr term subscripted scalar ary hsh arylen star amper sideff
%type <opval> sliceme kvslice gelem
%type <opval> listexpr nexpr texpr iexpr mexpr mnexpr
%type <opval> optlistexpr optexpr optrepl indirob listop method
%type <opval> formname subname proto cont my_scalar my_var
%type <opval> refgen_topic formblock
%type <opval> subattrlist myattrlist myattrterm myterm
%type <opval> termbinop termunop anonymous termdo
%type <opval> termrelop relopchain termeqop eqopchain
%type <ival> sigslurpsigil
%type <opval> sigvarname sigdefault sigscalarelem sigslurpelem
%type <opval> sigelem siglist siglistornull subsigguts subsignature optsubsignature
%type <opval> subbody optsubbody sigsubbody optsigsubbody
%type <opval> formstmtseq formline formarg
%nonassoc <ival> PREC_LOW
%nonassoc LOOPEX
%left <ival> OROP DOROP
%left <ival> ANDOP
%right <ival> NOTOP
%nonassoc LSTOP LSTOPSUB
%left <ival> ','
%right <ival> ASSIGNOP
%right <ival> '?' ':'
%nonassoc DOTDOT
%left <ival> OROR DORDOR
%left <ival> ANDAND
%left <ival> BITOROP
%left <ival> BITANDOP
%left <ival> CHEQOP NCEQOP
%left <ival> CHRELOP NCRELOP
%nonassoc UNIOP UNIOPSUB
%nonassoc REQUIRE
%left <ival> SHIFTOP
%left ADDOP
%left MULOP
%left <ival> MATCHOP
%right <ival> '!' '~' UMINUS REFGEN
%right <ival> POWOP
%nonassoc <ival> PREINC PREDEC POSTINC POSTDEC POSTJOIN
%left <ival> ARROW
%nonassoc <ival> ')'
%left <ival> '('
%left '[' '{'
%% /* RULES */
/* Top-level choice of what kind of thing yyparse was called to parse */
grammar : GRAMPROG
{
parser->expect = XSTATE;
$<ival>$ = 0;
}
remember stmtseq
{
newPROG(block_end($3,$4));
PL_compiling.cop_seq = 0;
$$ = 0;
}
| GRAMEXPR
{
parser->expect = XTERM;
$<ival>$ = 0;
}
optexpr
{
PL_eval_root = $3;
$$ = 0;
}
| GRAMBLOCK
{
parser->expect = XBLOCK;
$<ival>$ = 0;
}
block
{
PL_pad_reset_pending = TRUE;
PL_eval_root = $3;
$$ = 0;
yyunlex();
parser->yychar = yytoken = YYEOF;
}
| GRAMBARESTMT
{
parser->expect = XSTATE;
$<ival>$ = 0;
}
barestmt
{
PL_pad_reset_pending = TRUE;
PL_eval_root = $3;
$$ = 0;
yyunlex();
parser->yychar = yytoken = YYEOF;
}
| GRAMFULLSTMT
{
parser->expect = XSTATE;
$<ival>$ = 0;
}
fullstmt
{
PL_pad_reset_pending = TRUE;
PL_eval_root = $3;
$$ = 0;
yyunlex();
parser->yychar = yytoken = YYEOF;
}
| GRAMSTMTSEQ
{
parser->expect = XSTATE;
$<ival>$ = 0;
}
stmtseq
{
PL_eval_root = $3;
$$ = 0;
}
| GRAMSUBSIGNATURE
{
parser->expect = XSTATE;
$<ival>$ = 0;
}
subsigguts
{
PL_eval_root = $3;
$$ = 0;
}
;
/* An ordinary block */
block : '{' remember stmtseq '}'
{ if (parser->copline > (line_t)$1)
parser->copline = (line_t)$1;
$$ = block_end($2, $3);
}
;
/* format body */
formblock: '=' remember ';' FORMRBRACK formstmtseq ';' '.'
{ if (parser->copline > (line_t)$1)
parser->copline = (line_t)$1;
$$ = block_end($2, $5);
}
;
remember: /* NULL */ /* start a full lexical scope */
{ $$ = block_start(TRUE);
parser->parsed_sub = 0; }
;
mblock : '{' mremember stmtseq '}'
{ if (parser->copline > (line_t)$1)
parser->copline = (line_t)$1;
$$ = block_end($2, $3);
}
;
mremember: /* NULL */ /* start a partial lexical scope */
{ $$ = block_start(FALSE);
parser->parsed_sub = 0; }
;
/* A sequence of statements in the program */
stmtseq : /* NULL */
{ $$ = NULL; }
| stmtseq fullstmt
{ $$ = op_append_list(OP_LINESEQ, $1, $2);
PL_pad_reset_pending = TRUE;
if ($1 && $2)
PL_hints |= HINT_BLOCK_SCOPE;
}
;
/* A sequence of format lines */
formstmtseq: /* NULL */
{ $$ = NULL; }
| formstmtseq formline
{ $$ = op_append_list(OP_LINESEQ, $1, $2);
PL_pad_reset_pending = TRUE;
if ($1 && $2)
PL_hints |= HINT_BLOCK_SCOPE;
}
;
/* A statement in the program, including optional labels */
fullstmt: barestmt
{
$$ = $1 ? newSTATEOP(0, NULL, $1) : NULL;
}
| labfullstmt
{ $$ = $1; }
;
labfullstmt: LABEL barestmt
{
SV *label = cSVOPx_sv($1);
$$ = newSTATEOP(SvFLAGS(label) & SVf_UTF8,
savepv(SvPVX_const(label)), $2);
op_free($1);
}
| LABEL labfullstmt
{
SV *label = cSVOPx_sv($1);
$$ = newSTATEOP(SvFLAGS(label) & SVf_UTF8,
savepv(SvPVX_const(label)), $2);
op_free($1);
}
;
/* A bare statement, lacking label and other aspects of state op */
barestmt: PLUGSTMT
{ $$ = $1; }
| FORMAT startformsub formname formblock
{
CV *fmtcv = PL_compcv;
newFORM($2, $3, $4);
$$ = NULL;
if (CvOUTSIDE(fmtcv) && !CvEVAL(CvOUTSIDE(fmtcv))) {
pad_add_weakref(fmtcv);
}
parser->parsed_sub = 1;
}
| SUB subname startsub
/* sub declaration or definition not within scope
of 'use feature "signatures"'*/
{
init_named_cv(PL_compcv, $2);
parser->in_my = 0;
parser->in_my_stash = NULL;
}
proto subattrlist optsubbody
{
SvREFCNT_inc_simple_void(PL_compcv);
$2->op_type == OP_CONST
? newATTRSUB($3, $2, $5, $6, $7)
: newMYSUB($3, $2, $5, $6, $7)
;
$$ = NULL;
intro_my();
parser->parsed_sub = 1;
}
| SIGSUB subname startsub
/* sub declaration or definition under 'use feature
* "signatures"'. (Note that a signature isn't
* allowed in a declaration)
*/
{
init_named_cv(PL_compcv, $2);
parser->in_my = 0;
parser->in_my_stash = NULL;
}
subattrlist optsigsubbody
{
SvREFCNT_inc_simple_void(PL_compcv);
$2->op_type == OP_CONST
? newATTRSUB($3, $2, NULL, $5, $6)
: newMYSUB( $3, $2, NULL, $5, $6)
;
$$ = NULL;
intro_my();
parser->parsed_sub = 1;
}
| PACKAGE BAREWORD BAREWORD ';'
{
package($3);
if ($2)
package_version($2);
$$ = NULL;
}
| USE startsub
{ CvSPECIAL_on(PL_compcv); /* It's a BEGIN {} */ }
BAREWORD BAREWORD optlistexpr ';'
{
SvREFCNT_inc_simple_void(PL_compcv);
utilize($1, $2, $4, $5, $6);
parser->parsed_sub = 1;
$$ = NULL;
}
| IF '(' remember mexpr ')' mblock else
{
$$ = block_end($3,
newCONDOP(0, $4, op_scope($6), $7));
parser->copline = (line_t)$1;
}
| UNLESS '(' remember mexpr ')' mblock else
{
$$ = block_end($3,
newCONDOP(0, $4, $7, op_scope($6)));
parser->copline = (line_t)$1;
}
| GIVEN '(' remember mexpr ')' mblock
{
$$ = block_end($3, newGIVENOP($4, op_scope($6), 0));
parser->copline = (line_t)$1;
}
| WHEN '(' remember mexpr ')' mblock
{ $$ = block_end($3, newWHENOP($4, op_scope($6))); }
| DEFAULT block
{ $$ = newWHENOP(0, op_scope($2)); }
| WHILE '(' remember texpr ')' mintro mblock cont
{
$$ = block_end($3,
newWHILEOP(0, 1, NULL,
$4, $7, $8, $6));
parser->copline = (line_t)$1;
}
| UNTIL '(' remember iexpr ')' mintro mblock cont
{
$$ = block_end($3,
newWHILEOP(0, 1, NULL,
$4, $7, $8, $6));
parser->copline = (line_t)$1;
}
| FOR '(' remember mnexpr ';'
{ parser->expect = XTERM; }
texpr ';'
{ parser->expect = XTERM; }
mintro mnexpr ')'
mblock
{
OP *initop = $4;
OP *forop = newWHILEOP(0, 1, NULL,
scalar($7), $13, $11, $10);
if (initop) {
forop = op_prepend_elem(OP_LINESEQ, initop,
op_append_elem(OP_LINESEQ,
newOP(OP_UNSTACK, OPf_SPECIAL),
forop));
}
PL_hints |= HINT_BLOCK_SCOPE;
$$ = block_end($3, forop);
parser->copline = (line_t)$1;
}
| FOR MY remember my_scalar '(' mexpr ')' mblock cont
{
$$ = block_end($3, newFOROP(0, $4, $6, $8, $9));
parser->copline = (line_t)$1;
}
| FOR scalar '(' remember mexpr ')' mblock cont
{
$$ = block_end($4, newFOROP(0,
op_lvalue($2, OP_ENTERLOOP), $5, $7, $8));
parser->copline = (line_t)$1;
}
| FOR my_refgen remember my_var
{ parser->in_my = 0; $<opval>$ = my($4); }
'(' mexpr ')' mblock cont
{
$$ = block_end(
$3,
newFOROP(0,
op_lvalue(
newUNOP(OP_REFGEN, 0,
$<opval>5),
OP_ENTERLOOP),
$7, $9, $10)
);
parser->copline = (line_t)$1;
}
| FOR REFGEN refgen_topic '(' remember mexpr ')' mblock cont
{
$$ = block_end($5, newFOROP(
0, op_lvalue(newUNOP(OP_REFGEN, 0,
$3),
OP_ENTERLOOP), $6, $8, $9));
parser->copline = (line_t)$1;
}
| FOR '(' remember mexpr ')' mblock cont
{
$$ = block_end($3,
newFOROP(0, NULL, $4, $6, $7));
parser->copline = (line_t)$1;
}
| block cont
{
/* a block is a loop that happens once */
$$ = newWHILEOP(0, 1, NULL,
NULL, $1, $2, 0);
}
| PACKAGE BAREWORD BAREWORD '{' remember
{
package($3);
if ($2) {
package_version($2);
}
}
stmtseq '}'
{
/* a block is a loop that happens once */
$$ = newWHILEOP(0, 1, NULL,
NULL, block_end($5, $7), NULL, 0);
if (parser->copline > (line_t)$4)
parser->copline = (line_t)$4;
}
| sideff ';'
{
$$ = $1;
}
| YADAYADA ';'
{
$$ = newLISTOP(OP_DIE, 0, newOP(OP_PUSHMARK, 0),
newSVOP(OP_CONST, 0, newSVpvs("Unimplemented")));
}
| ';'
{
$$ = NULL;
parser->copline = NOLINE;
}
;
/* Format line */
formline: THING formarg
{ OP *list;
if ($2) {
OP *term = $2;
list = op_append_elem(OP_LIST, $1, term);
}
else {
list = $1;
}
if (parser->copline == NOLINE)
parser->copline = CopLINE(PL_curcop)-1;
else parser->copline--;
$$ = newSTATEOP(0, NULL,
op_convert_list(OP_FORMLINE, 0, list));
}
;
formarg : /* NULL */
{ $$ = NULL; }
| FORMLBRACK stmtseq FORMRBRACK
{ $$ = op_unscope($2); }
;
/* An expression which may have a side-effect */
sideff : error
{ $$ = NULL; }
| expr
{ $$ = $1; }
| expr IF expr
{ $$ = newLOGOP(OP_AND, 0, $3, $1); }
| expr UNLESS expr
{ $$ = newLOGOP(OP_OR, 0, $3, $1); }
| expr WHILE expr
{ $$ = newLOOPOP(OPf_PARENS, 1, scalar($3), $1); }
| expr UNTIL iexpr
{ $$ = newLOOPOP(OPf_PARENS, 1, $3, $1); }
| expr FOR expr
{ $$ = newFOROP(0, NULL, $3, $1, NULL);
parser->copline = (line_t)$2; }
| expr WHEN expr
{ $$ = newWHENOP($3, op_scope($1)); }
;
/* else and elsif blocks */
else : /* NULL */
{ $$ = NULL; }
| ELSE mblock
{
($2)->op_flags |= OPf_PARENS;
$$ = op_scope($2);
}
| ELSIF '(' mexpr ')' mblock else
{ parser->copline = (line_t)$1;
$$ = newCONDOP(0,
newSTATEOP(OPf_SPECIAL,NULL,$3),
op_scope($5), $6);
PL_hints |= HINT_BLOCK_SCOPE;
}
;
/* Continue blocks */
cont : /* NULL */
{ $$ = NULL; }
| CONTINUE block
{ $$ = op_scope($2); }
;
/* determine whether there are any new my declarations */
mintro : /* NULL */
{ $$ = (PL_min_intro_pending &&
PL_max_intro_pending >= PL_min_intro_pending);
intro_my(); }
/* Normal expression */
nexpr : /* NULL */
{ $$ = NULL; }
| sideff
;
/* Boolean expression */
texpr : /* NULL means true */
{ YYSTYPE tmplval;
(void)scan_num("1", &tmplval);
$$ = tmplval.opval; }
| expr
;
/* Inverted boolean expression */
iexpr : expr
{ $$ = invert(scalar($1)); }
;
/* Expression with its own lexical scope */
mexpr : expr
{ $$ = $1; intro_my(); }
;
mnexpr : nexpr
{ $$ = $1; intro_my(); }
;
formname: BAREWORD { $$ = $1; }
| /* NULL */ { $$ = NULL; }
;
startsub: /* NULL */ /* start a regular subroutine scope */
{ $$ = start_subparse(FALSE, 0);
SAVEFREESV(PL_compcv); }
;
startanonsub: /* NULL */ /* start an anonymous subroutine scope */
{ $$ = start_subparse(FALSE, CVf_ANON);
SAVEFREESV(PL_compcv); }
;
startformsub: /* NULL */ /* start a format subroutine scope */
{ $$ = start_subparse(TRUE, 0);
SAVEFREESV(PL_compcv); }
;
/* Name of a subroutine - must be a bareword, could be special */
subname : BAREWORD
| PRIVATEREF
;
/* Subroutine prototype */
proto : /* NULL */
{ $$ = NULL; }
| THING
;
/* Optional list of subroutine attributes */
subattrlist: /* NULL */
{ $$ = NULL; }
| COLONATTR THING
{ $$ = $2; }
| COLONATTR
{ $$ = NULL; }
;
/* List of attributes for a "my" variable declaration */
myattrlist: COLONATTR THING
{ $$ = $2; }
| COLONATTR
{ $$ = NULL; }
;
/* --------------------------------------
* subroutine signature parsing
*/
/* the '' or 'foo' part of a '$' or '@foo' etc signature variable */
sigvarname: /* NULL */
{ parser->in_my = 0; $$ = NULL; }
| PRIVATEREF
{ parser->in_my = 0; $$ = $1; }
;
sigslurpsigil:
'@'
{ $$ = '@'; }
| '%'
{ $$ = '%'; }
/* @, %, @foo, %foo */
sigslurpelem: sigslurpsigil sigvarname sigdefault/* def only to catch errors */
{
I32 sigil = $1;
OP *var = $2;
OP *defexpr = $3;
if (parser->sig_slurpy)
yyerror("Multiple slurpy parameters not allowed");
parser->sig_slurpy = (char)sigil;
if (defexpr)
yyerror("A slurpy parameter may not have "
"a default value");
$$ = var ? newSTATEOP(0, NULL, var) : NULL;
}
;
/* default part of sub signature scalar element: i.e. '= default_expr' */
sigdefault: /* NULL */
{ $$ = NULL; }
| ASSIGNOP
{ $$ = newOP(OP_NULL, 0); }
| ASSIGNOP term
{ $$ = $2; }
/* subroutine signature scalar element: e.g. '$x', '$=', '$x = $default' */
sigscalarelem:
'$' sigvarname sigdefault
{
OP *var = $2;
OP *defexpr = $3;
if (parser->sig_slurpy)
yyerror("Slurpy parameter not last");
parser->sig_elems++;
if (defexpr) {
parser->sig_optelems++;
if ( defexpr->op_type == OP_NULL
&& !(defexpr->op_flags & OPf_KIDS))
{
/* handle '$=' special case */
if (var)
yyerror("Optional parameter "
"lacks default expression");
op_free(defexpr);
}
else {
/* a normal '=default' expression */
OP *defop = (OP*)alloc_LOGOP(OP_ARGDEFELEM,
defexpr,
LINKLIST(defexpr));
/* re-purpose op_targ to hold @_ index */
defop->op_targ =
(PADOFFSET)(parser->sig_elems - 1);
if (var) {
var->op_flags |= OPf_STACKED;
(void)op_sibling_splice(var,
NULL, 0, defop);
scalar(defop);
}
else
var = newUNOP(OP_NULL, 0, defop);
LINKLIST(var);
/* NB: normally the first child of a
* logop is executed before the logop,
* and it pushes a boolean result
* ready for the logop. For ARGDEFELEM,
* the op itself does the boolean
* calculation, so set the first op to
* it instead.
*/
var->op_next = defop;
defexpr->op_next = var;
}
}
else {
if (parser->sig_optelems)
yyerror("Mandatory parameter "
"follows optional parameter");
}
$$ = var ? newSTATEOP(0, NULL, var) : NULL;
}
;
/* subroutine signature element: e.g. '$x = $default' or '%h' */
sigelem: sigscalarelem
{ parser->in_my = KEY_sigvar; $$ = $1; }
| sigslurpelem
{ parser->in_my = KEY_sigvar; $$ = $1; }
;
/* list of subroutine signature elements */
siglist:
siglist ','
{ $$ = $1; }
| siglist ',' sigelem
{
$$ = op_append_list(OP_LINESEQ, $1, $3);
}
| sigelem %prec PREC_LOW
{ $$ = $1; }
;
/* () or (....) */
siglistornull: /* NULL */
{ $$ = NULL; }
| siglist
{ $$ = $1; }
/* optional subroutine signature */
optsubsignature: /* NULL */
{ $$ = NULL; }
| subsignature
{ $$ = $1; }
/* Subroutine signature */
subsignature: '(' subsigguts ')'
{ $$ = $2; }
subsigguts:
{
ENTER;
SAVEIV(parser->sig_elems);
SAVEIV(parser->sig_optelems);
SAVEI8(parser->sig_slurpy);
parser->sig_elems = 0;
parser->sig_optelems = 0;
parser->sig_slurpy = 0;
parser->in_my = KEY_sigvar;
}
siglistornull
{
OP *sigops = $2;
struct op_argcheck_aux *aux;
OP *check;
if (!FEATURE_SIGNATURES_IS_ENABLED)
Perl_croak(aTHX_ "Experimental "
"subroutine signatures not enabled");
/* We shouldn't get here otherwise */
Perl_ck_warner_d(aTHX_
packWARN(WARN_EXPERIMENTAL__SIGNATURES),
"The signatures feature is experimental");
aux = (struct op_argcheck_aux*)
PerlMemShared_malloc(
sizeof(struct op_argcheck_aux));
aux->params = parser->sig_elems;
aux->opt_params = parser->sig_optelems;
aux->slurpy = parser->sig_slurpy;
check = newUNOP_AUX(OP_ARGCHECK, 0, NULL,
(UNOP_AUX_item *)aux);
sigops = op_prepend_elem(OP_LINESEQ, check, sigops);
sigops = op_prepend_elem(OP_LINESEQ,
newSTATEOP(0, NULL, NULL),
sigops);
/* a nextstate at the end handles context
* correctly for an empty sub body */
sigops = op_append_elem(OP_LINESEQ,
sigops,
newSTATEOP(0, NULL, NULL));
/* wrap the list of arg ops in a NULL aux op.
This serves two purposes. First, it makes
the arg list a separate subtree from the
body of the sub, and secondly the null op
may in future be upgraded to an OP_SIGNATURE
when implemented. For now leave it as
ex-argcheck */
$$ = newUNOP_AUX(OP_ARGCHECK, 0, sigops, NULL);
op_null($$);
parser->in_my = 0;
/* tell the toker that attrributes can follow
* this sig, but only so that the toker
* can skip through any (illegal) trailing
* attribute text then give a useful error
* message about "attributes before sig",
* rather than falling over ina mess at
* unrecognised syntax.
*/
parser->expect = XATTRBLOCK;
parser->sig_seen = TRUE;
LEAVE;
}
;
/* Optional subroutine body (for named subroutine declaration) */
optsubbody: subbody { $$ = $1; }
| ';' { $$ = NULL; }
;
/* Subroutine body (without signature) */
subbody: remember '{' stmtseq '}'
{
if (parser->copline > (line_t)$2)
parser->copline = (line_t)$2;
$$ = block_end($1, $3);
}
;
/* optional [ Subroutine body with optional signature ] (for named
* subroutine declaration) */
optsigsubbody: sigsubbody { $$ = $1; }
| ';' { $$ = NULL; }
/* Subroutine body with optional signature */
sigsubbody: remember optsubsignature '{' stmtseq '}'
{
if (parser->copline > (line_t)$3)
parser->copline = (line_t)$3;
$$ = block_end($1,
op_append_list(OP_LINESEQ, $2, $4));
}
;
/* Ordinary expressions; logical combinations */
expr : expr ANDOP expr
{ $$ = newLOGOP(OP_AND, 0, $1, $3); }
| expr OROP expr
{ $$ = newLOGOP($2, 0, $1, $3); }
| expr DOROP expr
{ $$ = newLOGOP(OP_DOR, 0, $1, $3); }
| listexpr %prec PREC_LOW
;
/* Expressions are a list of terms joined by commas */
listexpr: listexpr ','
{ $$ = $1; }
| listexpr ',' term
{
OP* term = $3;
$$ = op_append_elem(OP_LIST, $1, term);
}
| term %prec PREC_LOW
;
/* List operators */
listop : LSTOP indirob listexpr /* map {...} @args or print $fh @args */
{ $$ = op_convert_list($1, OPf_STACKED,
op_prepend_elem(OP_LIST, newGVREF($1,$2), $3) );
}
| FUNC '(' indirob expr ')' /* print ($fh @args */
{ $$ = op_convert_list($1, OPf_STACKED,
op_prepend_elem(OP_LIST, newGVREF($1,$3), $4) );
}
| term ARROW method '(' optexpr ')' /* $foo->bar(list) */
{ $$ = op_convert_list(OP_ENTERSUB, OPf_STACKED,
op_append_elem(OP_LIST,
op_prepend_elem(OP_LIST, scalar($1), $5),
newMETHOP(OP_METHOD, 0, $3)));
}
| term ARROW method /* $foo->bar */
{ $$ = op_convert_list(OP_ENTERSUB, OPf_STACKED,
op_append_elem(OP_LIST, scalar($1),
newMETHOP(OP_METHOD, 0, $3)));
}
| METHOD indirob optlistexpr /* new Class @args */
{ $$ = op_convert_list(OP_ENTERSUB, OPf_STACKED,
op_append_elem(OP_LIST,
op_prepend_elem(OP_LIST, $2, $3),
newMETHOP(OP_METHOD, 0, $1)));
}
| FUNCMETH indirob '(' optexpr ')' /* method $object (@args) */
{ $$ = op_convert_list(OP_ENTERSUB, OPf_STACKED,
op_append_elem(OP_LIST,
op_prepend_elem(OP_LIST, $2, $4),
newMETHOP(OP_METHOD, 0, $1)));
}
| LSTOP optlistexpr /* print @args */
{ $$ = op_convert_list($1, 0, $2); }
| FUNC '(' optexpr ')' /* print (@args) */
{ $$ = op_convert_list($1, 0, $3); }
| FUNC SUBLEXSTART optexpr SUBLEXEND /* uc($arg) from "\U..." */
{ $$ = op_convert_list($1, 0, $3); }
| LSTOPSUB startanonsub block /* sub f(&@); f { foo } ... */
{ SvREFCNT_inc_simple_void(PL_compcv);
$<opval>$ = newANONATTRSUB($2, 0, NULL, $3); }
optlistexpr %prec LSTOP /* ... @bar */
{ $$ = newUNOP(OP_ENTERSUB, OPf_STACKED,
op_append_elem(OP_LIST,
op_prepend_elem(OP_LIST, $<opval>4, $5), $1));
}
;
/* Names of methods. May use $object->$methodname */
method : METHOD
| scalar
;
/* Some kind of subscripted expression */
subscripted: gelem '{' expr ';' '}' /* *main::{something} */
/* In this and all the hash accessors, ';' is
* provided by the tokeniser */
{ $$ = newBINOP(OP_GELEM, 0, $1, scalar($3)); }
| scalar '[' expr ']' /* $array[$element] */
{ $$ = newBINOP(OP_AELEM, 0, oopsAV($1), scalar($3));
}
| term ARROW '[' expr ']' /* somearef->[$element] */
{ $$ = newBINOP(OP_AELEM, 0,
ref(newAVREF($1),OP_RV2AV),
scalar($4));
}
| subscripted '[' expr ']' /* $foo->[$bar]->[$baz] */
{ $$ = newBINOP(OP_AELEM, 0,
ref(newAVREF($1),OP_RV2AV),
scalar($3));
}
| scalar '{' expr ';' '}' /* $foo{bar();} */
{ $$ = newBINOP(OP_HELEM, 0, oopsHV($1), jmaybe($3));
}
| term ARROW '{' expr ';' '}' /* somehref->{bar();} */
{ $$ = newBINOP(OP_HELEM, 0,
ref(newHVREF($1),OP_RV2HV),
jmaybe($4)); }
| subscripted '{' expr ';' '}' /* $foo->[bar]->{baz;} */
{ $$ = newBINOP(OP_HELEM, 0,
ref(newHVREF($1),OP_RV2HV),
jmaybe($3)); }
| term ARROW '(' ')' /* $subref->() */
{ $$ = newUNOP(OP_ENTERSUB, OPf_STACKED,
newCVREF(0, scalar($1)));
if (parser->expect == XBLOCK)
parser->expect = XOPERATOR;
}
| term ARROW '(' expr ')' /* $subref->(@args) */
{ $$ = newUNOP(OP_ENTERSUB, OPf_STACKED,
op_append_elem(OP_LIST, $4,
newCVREF(0, scalar($1))));
if (parser->expect == XBLOCK)
parser->expect = XOPERATOR;
}
| subscripted '(' expr ')' /* $foo->{bar}->(@args) */
{ $$ = newUNOP(OP_ENTERSUB, OPf_STACKED,
op_append_elem(OP_LIST, $3,
newCVREF(0, scalar($1))));