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Glossary
A holistic list of key relevant terms to the Sonr Network Architecture.
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A

A cryptographic primitive that allows for compact representation of a set of elements, enabling membership proofs without revealing the elements.

A distribution of free tokens to users' wallets by a crypto project, aiming to increase interest and adoption of their token.

The practice of profiting from price discrepancies across different markets by simultaneously buying and selling assets.

B

The process of delegating tokens to a validator to earn staking rewards and obtain voting power in a proof-of-stake system. Also referred to as delegating or staking.

The permanent removal and destruction of tokens from the circulating supply.

C

A fork of the Tendermint consensus engine with various performance and security improvements.

The percentage of staking rewards that a validator retains before distributing the remainder to their delegators.

A reserve of tokens set aside for funding community-driven projects through the governance process.

A smart contract platform built for the Cosmos ecosystem, allowing developers to create multi-chain smart contracts.

A framework for building application-specific blockchains that can interoperate with other blockchains.

D

A decentralized application built on a blockchain or other distributed ledger technology. A Distributed Denial of Service attack, where an attacker overwhelms a network with traffic to disrupt its normal operation. An identity system where individuals have control over their personal data and how it's shared. A system that stores data across a distributed network of nodes, ensuring data redundancy and availability. Decentralized Finance, a movement aimed at creating open, transparent, and permissionless financial systems using blockchain technology. A consensus mechanism where token holders vote for validators to secure the network. A user who delegates their tokens to a validator to earn staking rewards in a proof-of-stake system. Decentralized Identifier, a globally unique and persistent identifier for a person, organization, or thing. An entity that has the capability to make changes to a DID Document, essentially having control over the DID. A JSON-LD document containing metadata associated with a DID, such as public keys and service endpoints. Specifies the syntax and procedures for specific DID schemes. It defines how to read, write and resolve DIDs for a particular blockchain or storage network. A system function that takes a DID as input and produces a DID Document as output, essentially translating the identifier into a form that the system can process.

E

A hybrid encryption scheme that uses elliptic curve cryptography for key agreement and symmetric encryption for data encapsulation.

G

A measure of the computational effort required to execute a transaction or smart contract operation on a blockchain network. A proposal submitted by a community member to suggest changes or improvements to a decentralized protocol, often subject to a voting process.

H

A library that allows you to access modern browser features directly from HTML, without using JavaScript.

I

The temporary loss of funds liquidity providers may experience due to the volatility in a trading pair. A module in the Cosmos SDK that enables an account on one blockchain to control an account on another blockchain. A protocol that enables reliable, ordered, and authenticated communication between heterogeneous blockchains.

J

A state where a validator is temporarily prevented from participating in consensus due to misbehavior or poor performance. An open standard (RFC 7519) that defines a compact and self-contained way for securely transmitting information between parties as a JSON object. JWTs can be signed using a secret (with the HMAC algorithm) or a public/private key pair using RSA or ECDSA, which verifies the integrity of the claims contained within the token.

K

A portion of a private key that is distributed among multiple parties in a secure multi-party computation scheme.

L

An incentive scheme where users are rewarded with tokens for providing liquidity to a decentralized exchange or lending platform. Tokens issued to users who deposit assets into a liquidity pool, representing their share of the total pool.

M

An open standard for secure, decentralized, real-time communication, providing a P2P routing layer. A cryptographic protocol that allows parties to jointly compute a function over their inputs while keeping them private.

P

Secure, anonymous WebAuthn-based credentials for privacy-preserving, user-friendly authentication. A P2P routing layer in the Matrix Protocol that enables efficient message routing between embedded clients. **PublicKeyAssertion** in WebAuthn is cryptographic proof of private key possession to verify identity without passwords. PublicKeyAttestation in WebAuthn verifies a credential's authenticity via an attestation statement from the authenticator.

R

An entity that relies upon a verifiable credential or authenticated identity during a transaction.

S

A model where individuals have sole ownership and control over their digital identities. A record on the Sonr blockchain that represents a service, such as a dApp, and its associated metadata. A penalty mechanism in proof-of-stake systems where a validator's tokens are deducted or destroyed for misbehavior or rule violations. The difference between the expected price of a trade and the actual execution price, often due to market volatility or low liquidity. A decentralized identity and asset management platform built on the Cosmos blockchain.

T

A Byzantine Fault Tolerant (BFT) consensus engine used by the Cosmos SDK. A parallel network used for testing and development purposes, where the tokens have no real value.

U

The process of withdrawing delegated tokens from a validator, which typically requires a waiting period before the tokens become freely transferable. The act of removing delegated tokens from a validator, initiating the unbonding process. The percentage of time a validator is online and actively participating in consensus, often used as a measure of their reliability.

V

A node in a proof-of-stake blockchain responsible for validating transactions and adding new blocks. A tamper-evident credential with authorship that can be cryptographically verified.

W

A web standard for authenticating users using public-key cryptography instead of passwords. In a zero-knowledge accumulator, a value that allows a prover to demonstrate membership of an element without revealing the element itself.

Z

A cryptographic method that allows one party to prove to another that a statement is true without revealing any additional information.