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Evidence search

Inclusion criteria

We developed inclusion criteria using the methods of a scoping review in which "Study selection involves post hoc inclusion and exclusion criteria. These criteria are based on the specifics of the research question and on new familiarity with the subject matter through reading the studies" (Levac et al, Implement Sci 2010 PMID 20854677).

We included cohort studies that reported:

One of the following outcomes:

  • The adjusted odds ratio (with 95% CI) of survival or death
  • Adjusted hazard ratio or restricted mean survival time (RMST, PMID 32203984) (with 95% CI) for length of hospital or ICU stay

We considered addressing the following questions/exposures and chose to focus on the first question only:

  • Speed of starting fluids
    • Fluids started with a specified interval (eg, 30 or 60 minutes) versus longer. Example: Leisman, Ann Emerg Med 2016 PMID 27085369
    • Odds ratio for each hour of delay for starting. Example: Leisman, Crit Care Med 2017 PMID 28671898 Not addressed in this review
  • Speed of completing 30 ml/kg
    • Completing within a specified time interval (eg, 3 or 6 hours). Example: Kuttab, Crit Care Med 2020 PMID 31393324
    • Odds ratio for each hour of delay in completing. Example, Seymour. NEJM 2017 (see top row of figure S4 in the supplement) PMID 28528569
  • Speed of infusion
    • The adjusted odds ratio of survival or death after stratifying by a speed. Example stratifying at 0.25 ml/kg/min overl 30 ml/kg as cutoff: Hu, Critical Care 2020 PMID 32264936
  • Volume of infusion
    • The adjusted odds ratio of survival or death per volumen infused over a specified interval (eg, 1, 3, or 6 hours). Example: Lee, Chest 2014 PMID 24853382
  • Other analysis
    • The adjusted odds ratio of survival or death per proportion of total fluid received within for 3 hours. Example: Lee, Chest 2014 PMID 24853382

Reconciliation tables

PubMed

(under construction)

Boolean term searching

("Fluid Therapy"[MAJR]) OR fluid[tw] OR solutions[tw])) AND (survival[tw] OR surviving[tw] OR resuscitation[tw] OR "Resuscitation"[MAJR])) AND (“Shock, Septic”[Mesh] OR "Sepsis"[MAJR] OR sepsis[tw] OR "septic shock") AND (early[tw] OR hours OR hours OR minutes OR “3-hour” OR "Time Factors"[Mesh] OR "time-to-treatment" OR "time to treatment" OR "Time-to-Treatment"[Mesh] OR “time factor”[tw]) AND (english[Filter]); Date limited to 2000-2020

  • Retrieves 3 of 5 articles in hand (60% sensitivity) (search 09/13/2021)
  • 12 total citations found (search results reviewed 6/x/2017; 0 additional studies found)

Vector searching ('Similar to Set' or 'Related citations' search)

This resources has been discontinued by the National Library of Medicine. Details of the discontinuation and recourse are at:

  • Badgett R, Hamill C, Sampson M, Weightman A, Brassey J, Dean T, Ebell M. Lost in translation - campaign to restore a useful tool not replicated in the new PubMed. OSF; 2020 Oct 5 [cited 2021 Jan 20]; Available from: https://osf.io/3cdny/

Cited reference searching

(under construction)

Identifying seminal studies that are the most highly cited

Leisman D, Wie B, Doerfler M, Bianculli A, Ward MF, Akerman M, D'Angelo JK, Zemmel D'Amore JA. Association of Fluid Resuscitation Initiation Within 30 Minutes of Severe Sepsis and Septic Shock Recognition With Reduced Mortality and Length of Stay. Ann Emerg Med. 2016 Sep;68(3):298-311. doi: 10.1016/j.annemergmed.2016.02.044. Epub 2016 Apr 14. PMID: 27085369.