From e8ed5d6017f2f491716ba3fc7e1ca69088efd8d6 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: "pre-commit-ci[bot]"
 <66853113+pre-commit-ci[bot]@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Mon, 5 Feb 2024 18:14:33 +0000
Subject: [PATCH 1/2] [pre-commit.ci] pre-commit autoupdate
MIME-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit

updates:
- [github.com/psf/black: 23.11.0 → 24.1.1](https://github.com/psf/black/compare/23.11.0...24.1.1)
- [github.com/astral-sh/ruff-pre-commit: v0.1.6 → v0.2.0](https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff-pre-commit/compare/v0.1.6...v0.2.0)
---
 .pre-commit-config.yaml | 4 ++--
 1 file changed, 2 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-)

diff --git a/.pre-commit-config.yaml b/.pre-commit-config.yaml
index 5ba7d62bb..2d155d1aa 100644
--- a/.pre-commit-config.yaml
+++ b/.pre-commit-config.yaml
@@ -57,7 +57,7 @@ repos:
       - id: yamllint
         exclude: tests/optimization/fixtures
   - repo: https://github.com/psf/black
-    rev: 23.11.0
+    rev: 24.1.1
     hooks:
       - id: black
         language_version: python3.10
@@ -79,7 +79,7 @@ repos:
           - --blank
         exclude: src/estimagic/optimization/algo_options.py
   - repo: https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff-pre-commit
-    rev: v0.1.6
+    rev: v0.2.0
     hooks:
       - id: ruff
   - repo: https://github.com/nbQA-dev/nbQA

From d166db05fa6976c385fadf164dbc98269a293355 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: "pre-commit-ci[bot]"
 <66853113+pre-commit-ci[bot]@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Mon, 5 Feb 2024 18:15:25 +0000
Subject: [PATCH 2/2] [pre-commit.ci] auto fixes from pre-commit.com hooks

for more information, see https://pre-commit.ci
---
 src/estimagic/batch_evaluators.py                         | 1 +
 src/estimagic/benchmarking/cartis_roberts.py              | 3 ++-
 src/estimagic/benchmarking/more_wild.py                   | 1 +
 src/estimagic/benchmarking/run_benchmark.py               | 1 +
 src/estimagic/cli.py                                      | 1 +
 src/estimagic/dashboard/dashboard_app.py                  | 1 +
 src/estimagic/dashboard/plot_functions.py                 | 1 +
 src/estimagic/decorators.py                               | 1 +
 src/estimagic/differentiation/derivatives.py              | 8 +++++---
 src/estimagic/differentiation/finite_differences.py       | 1 +
 src/estimagic/estimation/estimate_msm.py                  | 1 +
 src/estimagic/examples/logit.py                           | 1 +
 src/estimagic/examples/numdiff_functions.py               | 1 +
 src/estimagic/inference/ml_covs.py                        | 1 +
 src/estimagic/logging/read_from_database.py               | 1 +
 src/estimagic/logging/read_log.py                         | 1 +
 src/estimagic/optimization/bhhh.py                        | 1 +
 src/estimagic/optimization/cyipopt_optimizers.py          | 1 +
 src/estimagic/optimization/fides_optimizers.py            | 1 +
 src/estimagic/optimization/nag_optimizers.py              | 1 +
 src/estimagic/optimization/neldermead.py                  | 1 +
 src/estimagic/optimization/nlopt_optimizers.py            | 1 +
 src/estimagic/optimization/pounders.py                    | 1 +
 src/estimagic/optimization/pounders_auxiliary.py          | 7 ++++---
 src/estimagic/optimization/pounders_history.py            | 1 +
 src/estimagic/optimization/pygmo_optimizers.py            | 1 +
 src/estimagic/optimization/scipy_optimizers.py            | 1 +
 src/estimagic/optimization/simopt_optimizers.py           | 1 +
 .../optimization/subsolvers/_conjugate_gradient.py        | 1 +
 src/estimagic/optimization/subsolvers/_steihaug_toint.py  | 1 +
 src/estimagic/optimization/subsolvers/_trsbox.py          | 1 +
 src/estimagic/optimization/subsolvers/bntr.py             | 4 ++--
 src/estimagic/optimization/subsolvers/gqtpar.py           | 5 ++---
 .../optimization/subsolvers/linear_subsolvers.py          | 5 ++---
 src/estimagic/optimization/tao_optimizers.py              | 7 ++++---
 src/estimagic/optimization/tiktak.py                      | 1 +
 src/estimagic/parameters/block_trees.py                   | 1 +
 src/estimagic/parameters/check_constraints.py             | 1 +
 src/estimagic/parameters/consolidate_constraints.py       | 1 +
 src/estimagic/parameters/conversion.py                    | 1 +
 src/estimagic/parameters/kernel_transformations.py        | 1 +
 src/estimagic/parameters/process_constraints.py           | 1 +
 src/estimagic/parameters/space_conversion.py              | 1 +
 src/estimagic/parameters/tree_registry.py                 | 1 +
 src/estimagic/process_user_function.py                    | 1 +
 src/estimagic/sensitivity/msm_sensitivity.py              | 1 +
 src/estimagic/visualization/derivative_plot.py            | 1 +
 tests/dashboard/test_colors.py                            | 1 +
 tests/dashboard/test_dashboard_app.py                     | 1 +
 tests/dashboard/test_run_dashboard.py                     | 1 +
 .../differentiation/test_compare_derivatives_with_jax.py  | 1 +
 tests/estimation/test_estimate_msm.py                     | 1 +
 .../test_estimate_msm_dict_params_and_moments.py          | 1 +
 tests/examples/test_logit.py                              | 1 +
 tests/optimization/test_bhhh.py                           | 1 +
 tests/optimization/test_criterion_versions.py             | 1 +
 tests/optimization/test_derivative_versions.py            | 1 +
 tests/optimization/test_fides_options.py                  | 1 +
 tests/optimization/test_ipopt_options.py                  | 1 +
 tests/optimization/test_linear_subsolvers.py              | 1 +
 tests/optimization/test_many_algorithms.py                | 1 +
 tests/optimization/test_optimization_helpers.py           | 1 +
 tests/optimization/test_optimizations_with_scaling.py     | 1 +
 tests/optimization/test_optimize.py                       | 1 +
 tests/optimization/test_pounders_history.py               | 1 +
 tests/optimization/test_pounders_integration.py           | 1 +
 tests/optimization/test_pounders_unit.py                  | 1 +
 tests/optimization/test_quadratic_subsolvers.py           | 1 +
 tests/optimization/test_tao_optimizers.py                 | 1 +
 tests/optimization/test_with_advanced_constraints.py      | 1 +
 tests/optimization/test_with_constraints.py               | 1 +
 tests/optimization/test_with_logging.py                   | 1 +
 tests/parameters/test_process_constraints.py              | 1 +
 73 files changed, 87 insertions(+), 18 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/estimagic/batch_evaluators.py b/src/estimagic/batch_evaluators.py
index c66aa3f93..ce979ae37 100644
--- a/src/estimagic/batch_evaluators.py
+++ b/src/estimagic/batch_evaluators.py
@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@
 can be used used as batch evaluator in estimagic.
 
 """
+
 from joblib import Parallel, delayed
 
 try:
diff --git a/src/estimagic/benchmarking/cartis_roberts.py b/src/estimagic/benchmarking/cartis_roberts.py
index 293ed1272..be89d5034 100644
--- a/src/estimagic/benchmarking/cartis_roberts.py
+++ b/src/estimagic/benchmarking/cartis_roberts.py
@@ -14,6 +14,7 @@
 - https://vanderbei.princeton.edu/ampl/nlmodels/cute/index.html
 
 """
+
 from functools import partial
 
 import numpy as np
@@ -5128,7 +5129,7 @@ def get_start_points_methanl8():
         "start_x": [-1] * 98,
         "solution_x": None,
         "start_criterion": 3.2160e4,
-        "solution_criterion": None
+        "solution_criterion": None,
         # we found a lower minimum than Cartis and Roberts (2019) at 1651.837;
         # according to table 3 in their paper, the minimum is at 4292.197.
         # We suspect, however, that the true optimum is even lower.
diff --git a/src/estimagic/benchmarking/more_wild.py b/src/estimagic/benchmarking/more_wild.py
index aa951143d..250c155b6 100644
--- a/src/estimagic/benchmarking/more_wild.py
+++ b/src/estimagic/benchmarking/more_wild.py
@@ -20,6 +20,7 @@
     - Whether the base start vector is multiplied by a factor of ten or not (column 4).
 
 """
+
 from functools import partial
 
 import numpy as np
diff --git a/src/estimagic/benchmarking/run_benchmark.py b/src/estimagic/benchmarking/run_benchmark.py
index e02203a95..2f1a9b1b0 100644
--- a/src/estimagic/benchmarking/run_benchmark.py
+++ b/src/estimagic/benchmarking/run_benchmark.py
@@ -7,6 +7,7 @@
 - Add option for deterministic noise or wiggle.
 
 """
+
 import numpy as np
 
 from estimagic import batch_evaluators
diff --git a/src/estimagic/cli.py b/src/estimagic/cli.py
index c57cba967..7cd5eef7f 100644
--- a/src/estimagic/cli.py
+++ b/src/estimagic/cli.py
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 """This module comprises all CLI capabilities of estimagic."""
+
 import click
 
 from estimagic.dashboard.run_dashboard import run_dashboard
diff --git a/src/estimagic/dashboard/dashboard_app.py b/src/estimagic/dashboard/dashboard_app.py
index 987933774..9fd684275 100644
--- a/src/estimagic/dashboard/dashboard_app.py
+++ b/src/estimagic/dashboard/dashboard_app.py
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 """Show the development of one database's criterion and parameters over time."""
+
 from functools import partial
 from pathlib import Path
 
diff --git a/src/estimagic/dashboard/plot_functions.py b/src/estimagic/dashboard/plot_functions.py
index a442624f7..b7a06b20d 100644
--- a/src/estimagic/dashboard/plot_functions.py
+++ b/src/estimagic/dashboard/plot_functions.py
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 """Helper functions for the dashboard."""
+
 from bokeh.models import HoverTool, Legend
 from bokeh.plotting import figure
 
diff --git a/src/estimagic/decorators.py b/src/estimagic/decorators.py
index 419ebbd0d..9f3243010 100644
--- a/src/estimagic/decorators.py
+++ b/src/estimagic/decorators.py
@@ -23,6 +23,7 @@
 https://realpython.com/primer-on-python-decorators/
 
 """
+
 import functools
 import inspect
 import warnings
diff --git a/src/estimagic/differentiation/derivatives.py b/src/estimagic/differentiation/derivatives.py
index 8ea3bc1df..fe3a09a39 100644
--- a/src/estimagic/differentiation/derivatives.py
+++ b/src/estimagic/differentiation/derivatives.py
@@ -747,9 +747,11 @@ def _convert_evals_to_numpy(
         evals = [val.astype(float) if not _is_scalar_nan(val) else val for val in evals]
     else:
         evals = [
-            np.array(tree_leaves(val, registry=registry), dtype=np.float64)
-            if not _is_scalar_nan(val)
-            else val
+            (
+                np.array(tree_leaves(val, registry=registry), dtype=np.float64)
+                if not _is_scalar_nan(val)
+                else val
+            )
             for val in evals
         ]
 
diff --git a/src/estimagic/differentiation/finite_differences.py b/src/estimagic/differentiation/finite_differences.py
index 3b613fda3..c3a15b3a5 100644
--- a/src/estimagic/differentiation/finite_differences.py
+++ b/src/estimagic/differentiation/finite_differences.py
@@ -8,6 +8,7 @@
 warnings or errors for that case.
 
 """
+
 from typing import NamedTuple
 
 import numpy as np
diff --git a/src/estimagic/estimation/estimate_msm.py b/src/estimagic/estimation/estimate_msm.py
index e5fb23d11..d68fb5ba5 100644
--- a/src/estimagic/estimation/estimate_msm.py
+++ b/src/estimagic/estimation/estimate_msm.py
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 """Do a method of simlated moments estimation."""
+
 import functools
 import warnings
 from collections.abc import Callable
diff --git a/src/estimagic/examples/logit.py b/src/estimagic/examples/logit.py
index 9ad8c5abd..dc9365bd8 100644
--- a/src/estimagic/examples/logit.py
+++ b/src/estimagic/examples/logit.py
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 """Likelihood functions and derivatives of a logit model."""
+
 import numpy as np
 import pandas as pd
 
diff --git a/src/estimagic/examples/numdiff_functions.py b/src/estimagic/examples/numdiff_functions.py
index d99bf6b17..8ddd6139a 100644
--- a/src/estimagic/examples/numdiff_functions.py
+++ b/src/estimagic/examples/numdiff_functions.py
@@ -8,6 +8,7 @@
 We pickled them so we don't need statsmodels as a dependency.
 
 """
+
 import numpy as np
 from scipy.stats import norm
 
diff --git a/src/estimagic/inference/ml_covs.py b/src/estimagic/inference/ml_covs.py
index de649e292..c71cd1bc0 100644
--- a/src/estimagic/inference/ml_covs.py
+++ b/src/estimagic/inference/ml_covs.py
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 """Functions for inferences in maximum likelihood models."""
+
 import numpy as np
 import pandas as pd
 
diff --git a/src/estimagic/logging/read_from_database.py b/src/estimagic/logging/read_from_database.py
index af28ecf6e..1ed7fd012 100644
--- a/src/estimagic/logging/read_from_database.py
+++ b/src/estimagic/logging/read_from_database.py
@@ -9,6 +9,7 @@
 ``read_log.py`` instead.
 
 """
+
 import traceback
 import warnings
 
diff --git a/src/estimagic/logging/read_log.py b/src/estimagic/logging/read_log.py
index b5ed2cca0..39e55488b 100644
--- a/src/estimagic/logging/read_log.py
+++ b/src/estimagic/logging/read_log.py
@@ -7,6 +7,7 @@
 path_or_database. Otherwise, the functions may be very slow.
 
 """
+
 from dataclasses import dataclass
 from pathlib import Path
 from typing import Union
diff --git a/src/estimagic/optimization/bhhh.py b/src/estimagic/optimization/bhhh.py
index 37baf753b..7249698ed 100644
--- a/src/estimagic/optimization/bhhh.py
+++ b/src/estimagic/optimization/bhhh.py
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 """Implement Berndt-Hall-Hall-Hausman (BHHH) algorithm."""
+
 import numpy as np
 
 from estimagic.decorators import mark_minimizer
diff --git a/src/estimagic/optimization/cyipopt_optimizers.py b/src/estimagic/optimization/cyipopt_optimizers.py
index 4e98f4c4b..2bfa70afe 100644
--- a/src/estimagic/optimization/cyipopt_optimizers.py
+++ b/src/estimagic/optimization/cyipopt_optimizers.py
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 """Implement cyipopt's Interior Point Optimizer."""
+
 import numpy as np
 
 from estimagic.config import IS_CYIPOPT_INSTALLED
diff --git a/src/estimagic/optimization/fides_optimizers.py b/src/estimagic/optimization/fides_optimizers.py
index d33f843b5..e8f45e56c 100644
--- a/src/estimagic/optimization/fides_optimizers.py
+++ b/src/estimagic/optimization/fides_optimizers.py
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 """Implement the fides optimizer."""
+
 import logging
 
 import numpy as np
diff --git a/src/estimagic/optimization/nag_optimizers.py b/src/estimagic/optimization/nag_optimizers.py
index 3e786af99..36d224e3b 100644
--- a/src/estimagic/optimization/nag_optimizers.py
+++ b/src/estimagic/optimization/nag_optimizers.py
@@ -9,6 +9,7 @@
   and algorithm.
 
 """
+
 import warnings
 
 import numpy as np
diff --git a/src/estimagic/optimization/neldermead.py b/src/estimagic/optimization/neldermead.py
index 5e4156bd2..c7ac39aba 100644
--- a/src/estimagic/optimization/neldermead.py
+++ b/src/estimagic/optimization/neldermead.py
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 """Implementation of parallelosation of Nelder-Mead algorithm."""
+
 import numpy as np
 
 from estimagic.batch_evaluators import process_batch_evaluator
diff --git a/src/estimagic/optimization/nlopt_optimizers.py b/src/estimagic/optimization/nlopt_optimizers.py
index 196df5bb9..1eca21ae5 100644
--- a/src/estimagic/optimization/nlopt_optimizers.py
+++ b/src/estimagic/optimization/nlopt_optimizers.py
@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@
 The documentation is heavily based on (nlopt documentation)[nlopt.readthedocs.io].
 
 """
+
 import numpy as np
 
 from estimagic.config import IS_NLOPT_INSTALLED
diff --git a/src/estimagic/optimization/pounders.py b/src/estimagic/optimization/pounders.py
index ebec3b5d9..c96129054 100644
--- a/src/estimagic/optimization/pounders.py
+++ b/src/estimagic/optimization/pounders.py
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 """Implement the POUNDERS algorithm."""
+
 import warnings
 
 import numpy as np
diff --git a/src/estimagic/optimization/pounders_auxiliary.py b/src/estimagic/optimization/pounders_auxiliary.py
index 3f5b2158e..f6c04753e 100644
--- a/src/estimagic/optimization/pounders_auxiliary.py
+++ b/src/estimagic/optimization/pounders_auxiliary.py
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 """Auxiliary functions for the pounders algorithm."""
+
 from typing import NamedTuple, Union
 
 import numpy as np
@@ -15,9 +16,9 @@
 class ResidualModel(NamedTuple):
     intercepts: Union[np.ndarray, None] = None  # shape (n_residuals,)
     linear_terms: Union[np.ndarray, None] = None  # shape (n_residuals, n_params)
-    square_terms: Union[
-        np.ndarray, None
-    ] = None  # shape (n_residuals, n_params, n_params)
+    square_terms: Union[np.ndarray, None] = (
+        None  # shape (n_residuals, n_params, n_params)
+    )
 
 
 class MainModel(NamedTuple):
diff --git a/src/estimagic/optimization/pounders_history.py b/src/estimagic/optimization/pounders_history.py
index 9506d96c4..643b23995 100644
--- a/src/estimagic/optimization/pounders_history.py
+++ b/src/estimagic/optimization/pounders_history.py
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 """History class for pounders and similar optimizers."""
+
 import numpy as np
 
 
diff --git a/src/estimagic/optimization/pygmo_optimizers.py b/src/estimagic/optimization/pygmo_optimizers.py
index 906ac926a..0044fa5df 100644
--- a/src/estimagic/optimization/pygmo_optimizers.py
+++ b/src/estimagic/optimization/pygmo_optimizers.py
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 """Implement pygmo optimizers."""
+
 import contextlib
 import warnings
 
diff --git a/src/estimagic/optimization/scipy_optimizers.py b/src/estimagic/optimization/scipy_optimizers.py
index 82a15859c..661956f27 100644
--- a/src/estimagic/optimization/scipy_optimizers.py
+++ b/src/estimagic/optimization/scipy_optimizers.py
@@ -34,6 +34,7 @@
     terminate if it returned True.
 
 """
+
 import functools
 
 import numpy as np
diff --git a/src/estimagic/optimization/simopt_optimizers.py b/src/estimagic/optimization/simopt_optimizers.py
index 23b5ff465..d0baa418c 100644
--- a/src/estimagic/optimization/simopt_optimizers.py
+++ b/src/estimagic/optimization/simopt_optimizers.py
@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@
 However,     for the moment they are not supported.
 
 """
+
 import numpy as np
 
 from estimagic.config import IS_SIMOPT_INSTALLED
diff --git a/src/estimagic/optimization/subsolvers/_conjugate_gradient.py b/src/estimagic/optimization/subsolvers/_conjugate_gradient.py
index 7f07cd57f..78868d135 100644
--- a/src/estimagic/optimization/subsolvers/_conjugate_gradient.py
+++ b/src/estimagic/optimization/subsolvers/_conjugate_gradient.py
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 """Implementation of the Conjugate Gradient algorithm."""
+
 import numpy as np
 
 
diff --git a/src/estimagic/optimization/subsolvers/_steihaug_toint.py b/src/estimagic/optimization/subsolvers/_steihaug_toint.py
index ad64c8160..ec2abb219 100644
--- a/src/estimagic/optimization/subsolvers/_steihaug_toint.py
+++ b/src/estimagic/optimization/subsolvers/_steihaug_toint.py
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 """Implementation of the Steihaug-Toint Conjugate Gradient algorithm."""
+
 import numpy as np
 
 
diff --git a/src/estimagic/optimization/subsolvers/_trsbox.py b/src/estimagic/optimization/subsolvers/_trsbox.py
index dc529de77..33dc9db71 100644
--- a/src/estimagic/optimization/subsolvers/_trsbox.py
+++ b/src/estimagic/optimization/subsolvers/_trsbox.py
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 """Implementation of the quadratic trustregion solver TRSBOX."""
+
 import numpy as np
 
 
diff --git a/src/estimagic/optimization/subsolvers/bntr.py b/src/estimagic/optimization/subsolvers/bntr.py
index e54f9b492..8f23c0d53 100644
--- a/src/estimagic/optimization/subsolvers/bntr.py
+++ b/src/estimagic/optimization/subsolvers/bntr.py
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 """Auxiliary functions for the quadratic BNTR trust-region subsolver."""
+
 from functools import reduce
 from typing import NamedTuple, Union
 
@@ -583,8 +584,7 @@ def _perform_gradient_descent_step(
         square_terms = x_inactive.T @ hessian_inactive @ x_inactive
 
         predicted_reduction = trustregion_radius * (
-            gradient_norm
-            - 0.5 * trustregion_radius * square_terms / (gradient_norm**2)
+            gradient_norm - 0.5 * trustregion_radius * square_terms / (gradient_norm**2)
         )
         actual_reduction = f_candidate_initial - f_candidate
 
diff --git a/src/estimagic/optimization/subsolvers/gqtpar.py b/src/estimagic/optimization/subsolvers/gqtpar.py
index 15b2bd5bb..d658ba402 100644
--- a/src/estimagic/optimization/subsolvers/gqtpar.py
+++ b/src/estimagic/optimization/subsolvers/gqtpar.py
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 """Auxiliary functions for the quadratic GQTPAR trust-region subsolver."""
+
 from typing import NamedTuple, Union
 
 import numpy as np
@@ -356,9 +357,7 @@ def _update_lambdas_when_factorization_unsuccessful(
     )
     v_norm = np.linalg.norm(v)
 
-    lambda_lower_bound = max(
-        lambdas.lower_bound, lambdas.candidate + delta / v_norm**2
-    )
+    lambda_lower_bound = max(lambdas.lower_bound, lambdas.candidate + delta / v_norm**2)
     lambda_new_candidate = _get_new_lambda_candidate(
         lower_bound=lambda_lower_bound, upper_bound=lambdas.upper_bound
     )
diff --git a/src/estimagic/optimization/subsolvers/linear_subsolvers.py b/src/estimagic/optimization/subsolvers/linear_subsolvers.py
index fd33dda36..be33fb4a5 100644
--- a/src/estimagic/optimization/subsolvers/linear_subsolvers.py
+++ b/src/estimagic/optimization/subsolvers/linear_subsolvers.py
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 """Collection of linear trust-region subsolvers."""
+
 from typing import NamedTuple, Union
 
 import numpy as np
@@ -326,9 +327,7 @@ def _get_distance_to_trustregion_boundary(
     else:
         distance_to_boundary = (
             np.sqrt(
-                np.maximum(
-                    0, g_dot_x**2 + g_sumsq * (trustregion_radius**2 - x_sumsq)
-                )
+                np.maximum(0, g_dot_x**2 + g_sumsq * (trustregion_radius**2 - x_sumsq))
             )
             - g_dot_x
         ) / g_sumsq
diff --git a/src/estimagic/optimization/tao_optimizers.py b/src/estimagic/optimization/tao_optimizers.py
index 8248589b9..fc183ef7d 100644
--- a/src/estimagic/optimization/tao_optimizers.py
+++ b/src/estimagic/optimization/tao_optimizers.py
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 """This module implements the POUNDERs algorithm."""
+
 import contextlib
 import functools
 
@@ -257,9 +258,9 @@ def _process_pounders_results(residuals_out, tao):
         "n_derivative_evaluations": None,
         "n_iterations": None,
         "success": bool(convergence_code >= 0),
-        "reached_convergence_criterion": convergence_reason
-        if convergence_code >= 0
-        else None,
+        "reached_convergence_criterion": (
+            convergence_reason if convergence_code >= 0 else None
+        ),
         "message": convergence_reason,
         # Further results.
         "solution_criterion_values": residuals_out.array,
diff --git a/src/estimagic/optimization/tiktak.py b/src/estimagic/optimization/tiktak.py
index c9e32d975..42278ab1e 100644
--- a/src/estimagic/optimization/tiktak.py
+++ b/src/estimagic/optimization/tiktak.py
@@ -10,6 +10,7 @@
 `GitHub Repository <https://github.com/amckay/TikTak>`_)
 
 """
+
 import warnings
 from functools import partial
 
diff --git a/src/estimagic/parameters/block_trees.py b/src/estimagic/parameters/block_trees.py
index 3961b5758..526fd276b 100644
--- a/src/estimagic/parameters/block_trees.py
+++ b/src/estimagic/parameters/block_trees.py
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 """Functions to convert between array and block-tree representations of a matrix."""
+
 import numpy as np
 import pandas as pd
 from pybaum import tree_flatten, tree_unflatten
diff --git a/src/estimagic/parameters/check_constraints.py b/src/estimagic/parameters/check_constraints.py
index ea6ab88fe..216516e0e 100644
--- a/src/estimagic/parameters/check_constraints.py
+++ b/src/estimagic/parameters/check_constraints.py
@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@
 See the module docstring of process_constraints for naming conventions.
 
 """
+
 from functools import partial
 
 import numpy as np
diff --git a/src/estimagic/parameters/consolidate_constraints.py b/src/estimagic/parameters/consolidate_constraints.py
index c31486522..875edd2c6 100644
--- a/src/estimagic/parameters/consolidate_constraints.py
+++ b/src/estimagic/parameters/consolidate_constraints.py
@@ -6,6 +6,7 @@
 Check the module docstring of process_constraints for naming conventions.
 
 """
+
 import numpy as np
 import pandas as pd
 
diff --git a/src/estimagic/parameters/conversion.py b/src/estimagic/parameters/conversion.py
index 895053927..1a7f2cf73 100644
--- a/src/estimagic/parameters/conversion.py
+++ b/src/estimagic/parameters/conversion.py
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 """Aggregate the multiple parameter and function output conversions into on."""
+
 from typing import NamedTuple
 
 import numpy as np
diff --git a/src/estimagic/parameters/kernel_transformations.py b/src/estimagic/parameters/kernel_transformations.py
index c144b74b7..c12502922 100644
--- a/src/estimagic/parameters/kernel_transformations.py
+++ b/src/estimagic/parameters/kernel_transformations.py
@@ -28,6 +28,7 @@
    https://google.github.io/styleguide/pyguide.html
 
 """
+
 import numpy as np
 
 from estimagic.utilities import (
diff --git a/src/estimagic/parameters/process_constraints.py b/src/estimagic/parameters/process_constraints.py
index ae76301bb..0dbf89595 100644
--- a/src/estimagic/parameters/process_constraints.py
+++ b/src/estimagic/parameters/process_constraints.py
@@ -14,6 +14,7 @@
 only be done after consolidation.
 
 """
+
 import numpy as np
 import pandas as pd
 
diff --git a/src/estimagic/parameters/space_conversion.py b/src/estimagic/parameters/space_conversion.py
index 528d95747..08e8f810c 100644
--- a/src/estimagic/parameters/space_conversion.py
+++ b/src/estimagic/parameters/space_conversion.py
@@ -32,6 +32,7 @@
 n_internal the length of the internal parameter vector.
 
 """
+
 from functools import partial
 from typing import NamedTuple
 
diff --git a/src/estimagic/parameters/tree_registry.py b/src/estimagic/parameters/tree_registry.py
index 688200f44..dcf0f86c3 100644
--- a/src/estimagic/parameters/tree_registry.py
+++ b/src/estimagic/parameters/tree_registry.py
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 """Wrapper around pybaum get_registry to tailor it to estimagic."""
+
 from functools import partial
 from itertools import product
 
diff --git a/src/estimagic/process_user_function.py b/src/estimagic/process_user_function.py
index a511b0df8..fc8168fce 100644
--- a/src/estimagic/process_user_function.py
+++ b/src/estimagic/process_user_function.py
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 """Process user provided functions."""
+
 import inspect
 from functools import partial
 
diff --git a/src/estimagic/sensitivity/msm_sensitivity.py b/src/estimagic/sensitivity/msm_sensitivity.py
index cffa1e87f..b25161887 100644
--- a/src/estimagic/sensitivity/msm_sensitivity.py
+++ b/src/estimagic/sensitivity/msm_sensitivity.py
@@ -7,6 +7,7 @@
 (https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1002/jae.2779)
 
 """
+
 import numpy as np
 import pandas as pd
 from estimagic.exceptions import INVALID_SENSITIVITY_MSG
diff --git a/src/estimagic/visualization/derivative_plot.py b/src/estimagic/visualization/derivative_plot.py
index 228db1e53..f0406a9a6 100644
--- a/src/estimagic/visualization/derivative_plot.py
+++ b/src/estimagic/visualization/derivative_plot.py
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 """Visualize and compare derivative estimates."""
+
 import itertools
 
 import numpy as np
diff --git a/tests/dashboard/test_colors.py b/tests/dashboard/test_colors.py
index 62029cd0d..83a8058dd 100644
--- a/tests/dashboard/test_colors.py
+++ b/tests/dashboard/test_colors.py
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 """This only tests that we get the right number of colors, not the exact colors."""
+
 import pytest
 from estimagic.dashboard.colors import get_colors
 
diff --git a/tests/dashboard/test_dashboard_app.py b/tests/dashboard/test_dashboard_app.py
index 8e56714dc..1de2d4b3e 100644
--- a/tests/dashboard/test_dashboard_app.py
+++ b/tests/dashboard/test_dashboard_app.py
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 """Test the functions of the dashboard app."""
+
 import numpy as np
 import pandas as pd
 import pandas.testing as pdt
diff --git a/tests/dashboard/test_run_dashboard.py b/tests/dashboard/test_run_dashboard.py
index 37df1a380..8fe0213f2 100644
--- a/tests/dashboard/test_run_dashboard.py
+++ b/tests/dashboard/test_run_dashboard.py
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 """Test the functions to run the dashboard."""
+
 from click.testing import CliRunner
 from estimagic.cli import cli
 from estimagic.config import EXAMPLE_DIR
diff --git a/tests/differentiation/test_compare_derivatives_with_jax.py b/tests/differentiation/test_compare_derivatives_with_jax.py
index ffc8b8820..8c30b891d 100644
--- a/tests/differentiation/test_compare_derivatives_with_jax.py
+++ b/tests/differentiation/test_compare_derivatives_with_jax.py
@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@
 This test module only runs if jax is installed.
 
 """
+
 import numpy as np
 import pytest
 from estimagic.config import IS_JAX_INSTALLED
diff --git a/tests/estimation/test_estimate_msm.py b/tests/estimation/test_estimate_msm.py
index 397d167c4..6113f265b 100644
--- a/tests/estimation/test_estimate_msm.py
+++ b/tests/estimation/test_estimate_msm.py
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 """Most test exploit the special case where simulate_moments just returns parameters."""
+
 import itertools
 
 import numpy as np
diff --git a/tests/estimation/test_estimate_msm_dict_params_and_moments.py b/tests/estimation/test_estimate_msm_dict_params_and_moments.py
index 8ef3cd1e4..7c2e499e5 100644
--- a/tests/estimation/test_estimate_msm_dict_params_and_moments.py
+++ b/tests/estimation/test_estimate_msm_dict_params_and_moments.py
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 """Most test exploit the special case where simulate_moments just returns parameters."""
+
 import numpy as np
 import pandas as pd
 from estimagic.estimation.estimate_msm import estimate_msm
diff --git a/tests/examples/test_logit.py b/tests/examples/test_logit.py
index ab3f1050c..168a6fb4d 100644
--- a/tests/examples/test_logit.py
+++ b/tests/examples/test_logit.py
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 """Tests for the logit example."""
+
 import numpy as np
 from estimagic.examples.logit import logit_derivative, logit_hessian, logit_loglike
 from numpy.testing import assert_array_almost_equal as aaae
diff --git a/tests/optimization/test_bhhh.py b/tests/optimization/test_bhhh.py
index 324c31cc6..732049395 100644
--- a/tests/optimization/test_bhhh.py
+++ b/tests/optimization/test_bhhh.py
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 """Test the internal BHHH algorithm."""
+
 from functools import partial
 
 import numpy as np
diff --git a/tests/optimization/test_criterion_versions.py b/tests/optimization/test_criterion_versions.py
index 1dd539648..21f7ff05d 100644
--- a/tests/optimization/test_criterion_versions.py
+++ b/tests/optimization/test_criterion_versions.py
@@ -6,6 +6,7 @@
 - Many criterion versions (dict output, pandas output, scalar output)
 
 """
+
 import numpy as np
 import pandas as pd
 import pytest
diff --git a/tests/optimization/test_derivative_versions.py b/tests/optimization/test_derivative_versions.py
index bf7ee6698..e77129d07 100644
--- a/tests/optimization/test_derivative_versions.py
+++ b/tests/optimization/test_derivative_versions.py
@@ -7,6 +7,7 @@
 - Maximize and minimize since this might make a difference
 
 """
+
 import numpy as np
 import pandas as pd
 import pytest
diff --git a/tests/optimization/test_fides_options.py b/tests/optimization/test_fides_options.py
index ee9e3e20f..41401fa62 100644
--- a/tests/optimization/test_fides_options.py
+++ b/tests/optimization/test_fides_options.py
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 """Test the different options of fides."""
+
 import numpy as np
 import pytest
 from estimagic.config import IS_FIDES_INSTALLED
diff --git a/tests/optimization/test_ipopt_options.py b/tests/optimization/test_ipopt_options.py
index 2e070aff5..fda82b8d8 100644
--- a/tests/optimization/test_ipopt_options.py
+++ b/tests/optimization/test_ipopt_options.py
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 """Test the different options of ipopt."""
+
 import numpy as np
 import pytest
 from estimagic.config import IS_CYIPOPT_INSTALLED
diff --git a/tests/optimization/test_linear_subsolvers.py b/tests/optimization/test_linear_subsolvers.py
index 10f56ca44..062a0e04a 100644
--- a/tests/optimization/test_linear_subsolvers.py
+++ b/tests/optimization/test_linear_subsolvers.py
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 """Test suite for linear trust-region subsolvers."""
+
 import math
 
 import numpy as np
diff --git a/tests/optimization/test_many_algorithms.py b/tests/optimization/test_many_algorithms.py
index 1e7bf170c..f00efc111 100644
--- a/tests/optimization/test_many_algorithms.py
+++ b/tests/optimization/test_many_algorithms.py
@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@
 - only numerical derivative
 
 """
+
 import inspect
 import sys
 
diff --git a/tests/optimization/test_optimization_helpers.py b/tests/optimization/test_optimization_helpers.py
index d669e49f9..dab297b90 100644
--- a/tests/optimization/test_optimization_helpers.py
+++ b/tests/optimization/test_optimization_helpers.py
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 """Test optimization helper functions."""
+
 import numpy as np
 import pytest
 from estimagic.optimization.pygmo_optimizers import (
diff --git a/tests/optimization/test_optimizations_with_scaling.py b/tests/optimization/test_optimizations_with_scaling.py
index 2d0fe26eb..df4e89218 100644
--- a/tests/optimization/test_optimizations_with_scaling.py
+++ b/tests/optimization/test_optimizations_with_scaling.py
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 """Test a subset of algorithms with different scaling methods on sum of squares."""
+
 import itertools
 
 import numpy as np
diff --git a/tests/optimization/test_optimize.py b/tests/optimization/test_optimize.py
index f0934ae2e..86af1b7a4 100644
--- a/tests/optimization/test_optimize.py
+++ b/tests/optimization/test_optimize.py
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 """Tests for (almost) algorithm independent properties of maximize and minimize."""
+
 import numpy as np
 import pandas as pd
 import pytest
diff --git a/tests/optimization/test_pounders_history.py b/tests/optimization/test_pounders_history.py
index fc38905a9..c13566f02 100644
--- a/tests/optimization/test_pounders_history.py
+++ b/tests/optimization/test_pounders_history.py
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 """Test the history class for least-squares optimizers."""
+
 import numpy as np
 import pytest
 from estimagic.optimization.pounders_history import LeastSquaresHistory
diff --git a/tests/optimization/test_pounders_integration.py b/tests/optimization/test_pounders_integration.py
index dcae6e091..e6e39b5b9 100644
--- a/tests/optimization/test_pounders_integration.py
+++ b/tests/optimization/test_pounders_integration.py
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 """Test suite for the internal pounders interface."""
+
 import sys
 
 from functools import partial
diff --git a/tests/optimization/test_pounders_unit.py b/tests/optimization/test_pounders_unit.py
index 1c6e51e8d..2291fd378 100644
--- a/tests/optimization/test_pounders_unit.py
+++ b/tests/optimization/test_pounders_unit.py
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 """Test the auxiliary functions of the pounders algorithm."""
+
 from collections import namedtuple
 from functools import partial
 
diff --git a/tests/optimization/test_quadratic_subsolvers.py b/tests/optimization/test_quadratic_subsolvers.py
index c2d9f1fe2..12d17e960 100644
--- a/tests/optimization/test_quadratic_subsolvers.py
+++ b/tests/optimization/test_quadratic_subsolvers.py
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 """Test various solvers for quadratic trust-region subproblems."""
+
 import numpy as np
 import pytest
 from estimagic.optimization.pounders_auxiliary import MainModel
diff --git a/tests/optimization/test_tao_optimizers.py b/tests/optimization/test_tao_optimizers.py
index 984bdc350..a5cd31884 100644
--- a/tests/optimization/test_tao_optimizers.py
+++ b/tests/optimization/test_tao_optimizers.py
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 """Test the wrapper around pounders."""
+
 import functools
 
 import numpy as np
diff --git a/tests/optimization/test_with_advanced_constraints.py b/tests/optimization/test_with_advanced_constraints.py
index f909a794a..57898644c 100644
--- a/tests/optimization/test_with_advanced_constraints.py
+++ b/tests/optimization/test_with_advanced_constraints.py
@@ -5,6 +5,7 @@
 - Only minimize
 
 """
+
 import itertools
 
 import numpy as np
diff --git a/tests/optimization/test_with_constraints.py b/tests/optimization/test_with_constraints.py
index 956bc94b8..5fcf7b010 100644
--- a/tests/optimization/test_with_constraints.py
+++ b/tests/optimization/test_with_constraints.py
@@ -6,6 +6,7 @@
 - closed form and numerical derivatives
 
 """
+
 from copy import deepcopy
 
 import numpy as np
diff --git a/tests/optimization/test_with_logging.py b/tests/optimization/test_with_logging.py
index 1e8fd5460..8a672a802 100644
--- a/tests/optimization/test_with_logging.py
+++ b/tests/optimization/test_with_logging.py
@@ -6,6 +6,7 @@
 - with and without derivatives
 
 """
+
 import numpy as np
 import pandas as pd
 import pytest
diff --git a/tests/parameters/test_process_constraints.py b/tests/parameters/test_process_constraints.py
index bb6388d79..fc4739b0a 100644
--- a/tests/parameters/test_process_constraints.py
+++ b/tests/parameters/test_process_constraints.py
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 """Test the pc processing."""
+
 import numpy as np
 import pandas as pd
 import pytest