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readme.html
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<!DOCTYPE html>
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<title>GNU Projesi</title>
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<body class="article">
<div id="header">
<h1>GNU Projesi</h1>
</div>
<div id="content">
<div id="preamble">
<div class="sectionbody">
<div class="paragraph">
<p><a href="https://www.gnu.org" class="bare">https://www.gnu.org</a></p>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p><a href="http://www.stallman.org/">Richard Stallman</a></p>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="sect1">
<h2 id="trueilk-yazılım-paylaşma-topluluğu"><a class="anchor" href="#trueilk-yazılım-paylaşma-topluluğu"></a>İlk yazılım paylaşma topluluğu</h2>
<div class="sectionbody">
<div class="paragraph">
<p>1971 yılında MIT Yapay Zekâ Laboratuvarında çalışmaya başladığımda, yıllarca varlığını sürdürmüş bir yazılım paylaşım topluluğunun bir parçası haline geldim. Yazılımların paylaşılması özel topluluğumuzla sınırlı değildi; bu, bilgisayar tarihi kadar eskiydi, tariflerin paylaşılmasının aşçılık kadar eski olması gibi. Ancak bunu çok iyi bir şekilde başardık.</p>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>YZ Laboratuvarı, zamanın en büyük bilgisayarlarından biri olan Digital PDP-10 için laboratuvar ekibi hacker’larının tasarladığı ve assembler dilinde yazdığı ITS (Uyuşmaz Zaman Paylaşımlı Sistem) olarak adlandırılan bir zaman paylaşımlı işletim sistemini kullanmaktaydı. Bu topluluğun bir üyesi, YZ laboratuvar sistem hacker’ı olarak, benim görevim bu sistemi daha da geliştirmekti.</p>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>Yazılımımızı “özgür yazılım” olarak adlandırmadık çünkü o zamanlar bu terim yoktu ancak gerçekte bu özgür yazılımdı. Başka bir üniversiteden ya da firmadan insanlar programımızı almak ve kullanmak istedikleri zaman, buna memnuniyetle izin veriyorduk. Birinin pek bilinmeyen ve ilginç bir program kullandığını görürseniz, her zaman kaynak kodunu görmek istersiniz, böylece kaynak kodunu okur, değiştirir ya da yeni bir program oluşturmak için, parçalayıp başka şekilde birleştirirsiniz.</p>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>(1) Yaygın medyada “güvenlik kırıcısı”nı ifade etmek için “hacker”ın kullanılması kafa karışıklığı yaratır. Biz hacker’lar bu ifadeyi kabul etmeyiz ve hacker’ın kelime anlamı olarak “programlamayı seven, oyuncu zekadan veya bunların bir bileşiminden hoşlanan kimse” tanımını kullanmayı tercih ederiz.</p>
</div>
<div class="sect2">
<h3 id="trueözgür-yazılım-temelde-nelerden-oluşur"><a class="anchor" href="#trueözgür-yazılım-temelde-nelerden-oluşur"></a>Özgür Yazılım temelde nelerden oluşur?</h3>
<div class="olist arabic">
<ol class="arabic">
<li>
<p>Kullanım Özgürlüğü:</p>
<div class="ulist">
<ul>
<li>
<p>Bir özgür yazılımı, istediğiniz yerde istediğiniz şekilde kullanmakta özgürsünüz.</p>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
</li>
<li>
<p>İnceleme Özgürlüğü</p>
<div class="ulist">
<ul>
<li>
<p>Bir özgür yazılımın nasıl işlediğini istediğiniz gibi inceleyip, isterseniz yazılma amacının dışındaki bir ihtiyacınıza uyarlayabilirsiniz. Doğal olarak bunun için kaynak kodların erişilmesine ihtiyaç var.</p>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
</li>
<li>
<p>Dağıtım Özgürlüğü</p>
<div class="ulist">
<ul>
<li>
<p>Bir özgür yazılımı, istediğiniz şekilde dağıtabilir ve başkalarıyla paylaşabilirsiniz. Bu özgürlüğün içinde ilgili yazılımı satmak da dahildir.</p>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
</li>
<li>
<p>Değiştirme Özgürlüğü</p>
<div class="ulist">
<ul>
<li>
<p>Bir özgür yazılımın kodlarını istediğiniz gibi değiştirebilirsiniz. Üstelik yaptığınız bu değişiklikleri, başkalarıyla istediğiniz gibi paylaşabilirsiniz. Yukarıda sayılan bütün bu özgürlükler üzerine sadece bir kısıtlama gelmekte, ki bu kısıtlama özgürlüğünüzü güvence altına alır. Bir özgür yazılım üzerinde yapılacak değişikliklikler aynı şekilde, açık ve özgür olarak, yayınlanmalıdır.</p>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
</li>
</ol>
</div>
<div class="imageblock">
<div class="content">
<img src="https://miro.medium.com/max/535/1*n4AsTo_3JPNgXqfaBS6aXw.png" alt="Richar Stallman Quote">
</div>
</div>
<div class="admonitionblock note">
<table>
<tr>
<td class="icon">
<i class="fa icon-note" title="Note"></i>
</td>
<td class="content">
Özgür olmayan lisanların kullanılması, insanlığın ortak mirasıyla üretilen geliştirmlerin insanlıktan saklanması ve bu yolla ilerlemenin önüne geçilmesidir.
</td>
</tr>
</table>
</div>
<div class="admonitionblock tip">
<table>
<tr>
<td class="icon">
<i class="fa icon-tip" title="Tip"></i>
</td>
<td class="content">
Özgür yazılımlar satılabilir.
</td>
</tr>
</table>
</div>
<div class="admonitionblock important">
<table>
<tr>
<td class="icon">
<i class="fa icon-important" title="Important"></i>
</td>
<td class="content">
Özgür yazılım, uygulamanın satılmasına karşı değildir.
</td>
</tr>
</table>
</div>
<div class="admonitionblock warning">
<table>
<tr>
<td class="icon">
<i class="fa icon-warning" title="Warning"></i>
</td>
<td class="content">
Yazılıma para ödemiyorsanız, ürünün siz olma ihtimali hayli yüksektir.
</td>
</tr>
</table>
</div>
<div class="admonitionblock caution">
<table>
<tr>
<td class="icon">
<i class="fa icon-caution" title="Caution"></i>
</td>
<td class="content">
Ürünleri lisanslarına dikkat ederek kullanmamız gerekir.
</td>
</tr>
</table>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p><a href="https://duckduckgo.com/?q=GNU&t=h_&ia=web">Daha fazla bilgi için arama motorlarını kullanabilirsiniz</a></p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="sect2">
<h3 id="truekod-örnekleri"><a class="anchor" href="#truekod-örnekleri"></a>Kod örnekleri</h3>
<div class="ulist">
<ul>
<li>
<p>Şimdiye kadar özgür yazılımdan biraz bahsettik peki biraz da bash kodları nasıl yazılır buna bakalım, öncelikle hangi kabukta çalışmak istediğimizi belirtiyoruz bunu <code>#! /bin/bash</code> şeklinde belirtebiliyoruz. Burada <code>/bin/</code> lokasyonunda <code>bash</code> kabuğunda yorumlanıp çalıştırılacağını belirtiyoruz. Şimdi örneği bir bütün olarak görelim :</p>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
<div class="listingblock">
<div class="title">ffmpeg_multi.sh</div>
<div class="content">
<pre class="highlightjs highlight"><code data-lang="bash" class="language-bash hljs">#! /bin/bash
///ffmpeg_multi.sh m4a mp3 ./Desktop/musiccc/ ./Desktop/mp3/
srcExt=$1
destExt=$2
srcDir=$3
destDir=$4
opts=$5
for filename in "$srcDir"/*.$srcExt; do
basePath=${filename%.*}
baseName=${basePath##*/}
ffmpeg -i "$filename" $opts "$destDir"/"$baseName"."$destExt"
done
echo "Conversion from ${srcExt} to ${destExt} complete!"</code></pre>
</div>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>Bu kod parçacığı parametre olarak verilen dosyaları istenilen biçimlerde dönüştürmektedir.</p>
</div>
<div class="ulist">
<ul>
<li>
<p>Önemli olduğunu düşündüğüm için biraz da C++ kodu göstermek istiyorum. O yüzden bir hello world örnek yapalım. Öncelikle şunu bilmemiz gerekiyor, <code>#include <iostream></code> kodu ile standart giriş çıkışı aktif etmeliyiz. Devamında kodumuz:</p>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
<div class="listingblock">
<div class="title">helloWorld!.cpp</div>
<div class="content">
<pre class="highlightjs highlight"><code data-lang="c++" class="language-c++ hljs">#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
int main()
{
cout << "Hello, World!";
return 0;
}</code></pre>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="sect2">
<h3 id="trueyazılım-şirketlerinin-açıkladığı-satış-rakamlarına-göre-kişisel-bilgisayarlarda-işletim-sistemlerinin-kullanım-payı"><a class="anchor" href="#trueyazılım-şirketlerinin-açıkladığı-satış-rakamlarına-göre-kişisel-bilgisayarlarda-işletim-sistemlerinin-kullanım-payı"></a>Yazılım şirketlerinin açıkladığı satış rakamlarına göre kişisel bilgisayarlarda işletim sistemlerinin kullanım payı</h3>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>Burada sizinle bazı verileri paylaşmak istiyorum. Bu veriler önemli çünkü özgür yazılımın ne kadar değerli olduğunu anlayabiliriz.</p>
</div>
<table class="tableblock frame-all grid-all stretch">
<colgroup>
<col style="width: 33.3333%;">
<col style="width: 33.3333%;">
<col style="width: 33.3334%;">
</colgroup>
<thead>
<tr>
<th class="tableblock halign-left valign-top">Şirket</th>
<th class="tableblock halign-left valign-top">2010 geliri</th>
<th class="tableblock halign-left valign-top">2010 Pazar Payı (%)</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">Microsoft</p></td>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">23,848</p></td>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">78.6</p></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">IBM</p></td>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">2,284</p></td>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">7,5</p></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">HP</p></td>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">1,125</p></td>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">3.7</p></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">Oracle</p></td>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">780</p></td>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">2.6</p></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">Red Hat</p></td>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">610</p></td>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">2.0</p></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">Apple</p></td>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">520</p></td>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">1.7</p></td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>Yararlı dökümanlar:</p>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p><a href="index.html">Docs</a>
<a href="https://www.getgnu.org/" class="external" target="_blank" rel="noopener">GNU</a></p>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>Ayrıca daha iyi anlamak için lütfen <a href="#trueözgür-yazılım-temelde-nelerden-oluşur">Özgür Yazılım temelde nelerden oluşur?</a> kısmına tekrar bakınız.</p>
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