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Python入门笔记（八）
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<span class="post-wordcount hidden-xs" itemprop="wordCount">字数统计: 516(字)</span>
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<p>人生苦短 我用Python</p>
<span id="more"></span>
<h2 id="程序跳转语句"><a href="#程序跳转语句" class="headerlink" title="程序跳转语句"></a>程序跳转语句</h2><h3 id="break跳转语句"><a href="#break跳转语句" class="headerlink" title="break跳转语句"></a>break跳转语句</h3><p>只能在循环结构中使用，通常与if一起搭配使用</p>
<ul>
<li>whlie循环语法结构：</li>
</ul>
<figure class="highlight python"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">whlie 表达式<span class="number">1</span>:</span><br><span class="line"> 执行代码</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="keyword">if</span> 表达式<span class="number">2</span>:</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="keyword">break</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment"># 表达式1为False时退出循环 OR 表达式2为true时循环退出</span></span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p>案例：</p>
<figure class="highlight python"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="comment"># 1-10内累加和大于20时的数</span></span><br><span class="line">s=<span class="number">0</span> <span class="comment"># 存储累加和</span></span><br><span class="line">i=<span class="number">1</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">while</span> i<<span class="number">11</span>:</span><br><span class="line"> s+=i</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="keyword">if</span> s><span class="number">20</span>:</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="built_in">print</span>(<span class="string">'累加和大于20的当前数为：'</span>,i)</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="keyword">break</span></span><br><span class="line"> i+=<span class="number">1</span></span><br><span class="line"></span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<figure class="highlight python"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="comment"># 模拟登录</span></span><br><span class="line">i=<span class="number">0</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">while</span> i<<span class="number">3</span>:</span><br><span class="line"> user_name=<span class="built_in">input</span>(<span class="string">'请输入用户名：'</span>)</span><br><span class="line"> pwd=<span class="built_in">input</span>(<span class="string">'请输入密码：'</span>)</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="keyword">if</span> user_name==<span class="string">'Paneer'</span> <span class="keyword">and</span> pwd==<span class="string">'password'</span>:</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="built_in">print</span>(<span class="string">'正在登录中...'</span>)</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="keyword">break</span></span><br><span class="line"> <span class="keyword">else</span>:</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="keyword">if</span> i<<span class="number">2</span>:</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="built_in">print</span>(<span class="string">'账号或密码错误，您还有'</span>,<span class="number">2</span>-i,<span class="string">'次机会'</span>)</span><br><span class="line"> i+=<span class="number">1</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">else</span>:</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="built_in">print</span>(<span class="string">'连续错误三次，请稍后再试'</span>)</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<ul>
<li>for循环语法结构</li>
</ul>
<figure class="highlight python"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="keyword">for</span> 循环变量 <span class="keyword">in</span> 遍历对象:</span><br><span class="line"> 执行代码</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="keyword">if</span> 表达式:</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="keyword">break</span></span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p>案例：</p>
<figure class="highlight python"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="keyword">for</span> i <span class="keyword">in</span> <span class="built_in">range</span>(<span class="number">3</span>):</span><br><span class="line"> user_name=<span class="built_in">input</span>(<span class="string">'请输入用户名：'</span>)</span><br><span class="line"> pwd=<span class="built_in">input</span>(<span class="string">'请输入密码：'</span>)</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="keyword">if</span> user_name==<span class="string">'Paneer'</span> <span class="keyword">and</span> pwd==<span class="string">'password'</span>:</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="built_in">print</span>(<span class="string">'正在登录中...'</span>)</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="keyword">break</span></span><br><span class="line"> <span class="keyword">else</span>:</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="keyword">if</span> i<<span class="number">2</span>:</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="built_in">print</span>(<span class="string">'账号或密码错误，您还有'</span>,<span class="number">2</span>-i,<span class="string">'次机会'</span>)</span><br><span class="line"> i+=<span class="number">1</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">else</span>:</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="built_in">print</span>(<span class="string">'连续错误三次，请稍后再试'</span>)</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<h3 id="continue跳转语句"><a href="#continue跳转语句" class="headerlink" title="continue跳转语句"></a>continue跳转语句</h3><p>break会跳出循环，而continue只会结束本次循环</p>
<ul>
<li>语法结构</li>
</ul>
<figure class="highlight python"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="keyword">while</span> 表达式<span class="number">1</span>:</span><br><span class="line"> 执行代码</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="keyword">if</span> 表达式<span class="number">2</span>:</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="keyword">continue</span></span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p>案例：</p>
<figure class="highlight python"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="comment"># 计算1-100内的偶数和</span></span><br><span class="line">s=<span class="number">0</span></span><br><span class="line">i=<span class="number">1</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">while</span> i<=<span class="number">100</span>:</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="keyword">if</span> i%<span class="number">2</span>==<span class="number">1</span>:</span><br><span class="line"> i+=<span class="number">1</span></span><br><span class="line"> <span class="keyword">continue</span></span><br><span class="line"> s+=i</span><br><span class="line"> i+=<span class="number">1</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="built_in">print</span>(<span class="string">'1-100内的偶数和为：'</span>,s)</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<figure class="highlight python"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="comment"># 计算1-100内的偶数和</span></span><br><span class="line">s=<span class="number">0</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">for</span> i <span class="keyword">in</span> <span class="built_in">range</span>(<span class="number">101</span>):</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="keyword">if</span> i%<span class="number">2</span>==<span class="number">1</span>:</span><br><span class="line"> i+=<span class="number">1</span></span><br><span class="line"> <span class="keyword">continue</span></span><br><span class="line"> s+=i</span><br><span class="line"><span class="built_in">print</span>(<span class="string">'1-100内的偶数和为：'</span>,s)</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<h2 id="空语句pass"><a href="#空语句pass" class="headerlink" title="空语句pass"></a>空语句pass</h2><ul>
<li>不做任何事情，只起到占位符作用，使用语法结构完整，不报错</li>
<li>一般可用在 if、for、while、函数的定义、类的定义中</li>
</ul>
<hr>
<ul>
<li><strong>语法结构：</strong></li>
</ul>
<figure class="highlight python"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="keyword">if</span> 表达式:</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="keyword">pass</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment"># --------------------</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">while</span> 表达式:</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="keyword">pass</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment"># --------------------</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">for</span> 循环变量 <span class="keyword">in</span> 遍历对象:</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="keyword">pass</span></span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
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