async function extractTags(input, pid) {
  // Directly throw an error if input doesn't include "{", avoiding multiple checks.
  if (!input.includes("{")) throw new Error("Tags not specified");

  // Use optional chaining to simplify error handling.
  const content = input.match(/\{(.*?)\}/)?.[1];
  if (!content) throw new Error("Invalid Syntax Usage");

  // Streamline tag parsing and creation with map (the functor), removing redundant else block.
  const tags = content.split(",").map(pair => {
    if (pair.includes("=")) {
      let [key, value] = pair.split("=").map(item => item.trim().replace(/^['"]|['"]$/g, ""));
      // Simplify replacement for "ao.id" with direct approach.
      value = value === "ao.id" ? pid : value;
      return { name: key, value };
    } else {
      // Handle action tags directly within the map function.
      const action = pair.trim().replace(/^'|'$/g, "");
      return { name: "Action", value: action };
    }
  });

  // Check and add "Target" 
  if (!tags.some(tag => tag.name === "Target")) {
    tags.unshift({ name: "Target", value: pid });
  }

  return tags;
}

if (!input.includes("{")) throw new Error("Tags not specified");

  const content = input.match(/\{(.*?)\}/)?.[1];
  if (!content) throw new Error("Invalid Syntax Usage");

  return content.split(",").map(pair => {
    const [key, rawValue] = pair.includes("=") ? pair.split("=") : ["Action", pair];
    const value = rawValue.trim().replace(/^['"](.*)['"]$/, "$1").replace(/^ao\.id$/, pid);
    return { name: key.trim(), value };
  }).concat({ name: "Target", value: pid });

const getCustomProcessId = (input, pid) => {
  const match = input.match(/-p=(["'])(.*?)\1/);
  if (!match) return null;
  const customProcessId = match[2] === "ao.id" ? pid : match[2];
  if (customProcessId.length !== 43) throw new Error("Invalid Process Id");
  return customProcessId;
};