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<!DOCTYPE html>
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<title>2021/day16.nim</title>
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<span><a href="..">🏡</a></span>
<span><code>2021/day16.nim</code></span>
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<h2>Day 16: <a href="https://adventofcode.com/2021/day/16">Packet Decoder</a></h2>
<p>Today is about parsing a binary signal here is the first example
signal to practice one of the basic function I will be using (<code>toBin</code>)</p>
<pre><code class="nim hljs"><span class="hljs-keyword">echo</span> <span class="hljs-number">0xD2FE28</span>.toBin(len=<span class="hljs-number">24</span>)
<span class="hljs-keyword">echo</span> <span class="hljs-string">"VVVTTTAAAAABBBBBCCCCC"</span></code></pre>
<pre><samp>110100101111111000101000
VVVTTTAAAAABBBBBCCCCC
</samp></pre>
<p>At first I thougth I could try
with <a href="https://github.com/PMunch/binaryparse">binaryparse</a>:</p>
<pre><code class="nim hljs"><span class="hljs-keyword">import</span> binaryparse, streams
<span class="hljs-keyword">block</span>:
<span class="hljs-keyword">let</span> test1 = newStringStream(<span class="hljs-string">"</span><span class="hljs-meta">\xD2</span><span class="hljs-meta">\xFE</span><span class="hljs-meta">\x28</span><span class="hljs-string">"</span>)
createParser(packet):
u3: version
u3: typeId
<span class="hljs-keyword">var</span> data = packet.get(test1)
dump data</code></pre>
<pre><samp>data = (version: 6, typeId: 7)
</samp></pre>
<p>But the result is odd (<a href="https://github.com/PMunch/binaryparse/issues/18">bug?</a>). So then I could try with
<a href="https://github.com/sealmove/binarylang">binarylang</a> and the first step went better:</p>
<pre><code class="nim hljs"><span class="hljs-keyword">import</span> binarylang
<span class="hljs-keyword">block</span>:
<span class="hljs-keyword">let</span> test1 = newStringBitStream(<span class="hljs-string">"</span><span class="hljs-meta">\xD2</span><span class="hljs-meta">\xFE</span><span class="hljs-meta">\x28</span><span class="hljs-string">"</span>)
struct(packet):
u3: version
u3: typeId
<span class="hljs-keyword">var</span> data = packet.get(test1)
<span class="hljs-comment"># data is an object without a $ proc defined</span>
<span class="hljs-keyword">echo</span> data.version
<span class="hljs-keyword">echo</span> data.typeId</code></pre>
<pre><samp>6
4
</samp></pre>
<p>But after this I was lost. I think it can be done with this library
and it would be rather cool but what I could gather in limited time
from documentation and code was not enough.</p>
<p>So I decided to start from scratch. And let's start with parsing the input.
It would be much nicer to use sequence of bytes and keep information compact,
but it is much easier to pack a <code>char</code> for each bit (!). I will also
be using our standard int for whatever small int comes my way...</p>
<pre><code class="nim hljs"><span class="hljs-keyword">func</span> parseHex(c: <span class="hljs-built_in">char</span>): <span class="hljs-built_in">int</span> =
<span class="hljs-keyword">if</span> c <span class="hljs-keyword">in</span> <span class="hljs-string">'0'</span> .. <span class="hljs-string">'9'</span>:
ord(c) - ord (<span class="hljs-string">'0'</span>)
<span class="hljs-keyword">elif</span> c <span class="hljs-keyword">in</span> <span class="hljs-string">'A'</span> .. <span class="hljs-string">'F'</span>:
<span class="hljs-number">10</span> + ord(c) - ord (<span class="hljs-string">'A'</span>)
<span class="hljs-keyword">else</span>:
<span class="hljs-number">0</span> <span class="hljs-comment"># should raise error</span>
<span class="hljs-comment"># parse string to string and waste a lot of info...</span>
<span class="hljs-keyword">func</span> parse(text: <span class="hljs-built_in">string</span>): <span class="hljs-built_in">string</span> =
<span class="hljs-keyword">for</span> c <span class="hljs-keyword">in</span> text:
<span class="hljs-literal">result</span>.add c.parseHex.toBin(len=<span class="hljs-number">4</span>)
<span class="hljs-keyword">echo</span> <span class="hljs-string">'A'</span>.parseHex
<span class="hljs-keyword">echo</span> parse <span class="hljs-string">"D2FE28"</span>
<span class="hljs-keyword">echo</span> <span class="hljs-string">"VVVTTTAAAAABBBBBCCCCC"</span></code></pre>
<pre><samp>10
110100101111111000101000
VVVTTTAAAAABBBBBCCCCC
</samp></pre>
<p>and then, slowly but surely I went on building my implementation bit by bit,
adding debugging stuff and being as usual a bit too verbose.
Packet type contains way too much info... but in the end I manage to dots all my _i_s...</p>
<p>It is all spread here without a lot of commentary and possibly with too many outputs.</p>
<pre><code class="nim hljs"><span class="hljs-keyword">type</span>
<span class="hljs-type">PacketKind</span> = <span class="hljs-keyword">enum</span>
pkLiteral, pkOperator
<span class="hljs-type">Packet</span> = <span class="hljs-keyword">ref</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">object</span>
version: <span class="hljs-built_in">int</span>
typeId: <span class="hljs-built_in">int</span>
<span class="hljs-keyword">case</span> kind: <span class="hljs-type">PacketKind</span>
<span class="hljs-keyword">of</span> pkLiteral:
value: <span class="hljs-built_in">int</span>
<span class="hljs-keyword">of</span> pkOperator:
lengthTypeId: <span class="hljs-built_in">char</span>
totBits: <span class="hljs-built_in">int</span>
numPackets: <span class="hljs-built_in">int</span>
packets: <span class="hljs-built_in">seq</span>[<span class="hljs-type">Packet</span>]
<span class="hljs-keyword">func</span> `$`(p: <span class="hljs-type">Packet</span>): <span class="hljs-built_in">string</span> =
<span class="hljs-literal">result</span> = &<span class="hljs-string">"Packet(version: {p.version}, typeId: {p.typeId}, kind: {p.kind}"</span>
<span class="hljs-keyword">case</span> p.kind
<span class="hljs-keyword">of</span> pkLiteral:
<span class="hljs-literal">result</span> &= &<span class="hljs-string">", value: {p.value})"</span>
<span class="hljs-keyword">of</span> pkOperator:
<span class="hljs-literal">result</span> &= &<span class="hljs-string">", lengthTypeId: {p.lengthTypeId}, totBits: {p.totBits}, numPackets: {p.numPackets}):</span><span class="hljs-meta">\n</span><span class="hljs-string">"</span>
<span class="hljs-keyword">for</span> packet <span class="hljs-keyword">in</span> p.packets:
<span class="hljs-literal">result</span> &= indent($packet, <span class="hljs-number">2</span>) & <span class="hljs-string">'\n'</span>
<span class="hljs-keyword">var</span>
packet: <span class="hljs-type">Packet</span>
bits: <span class="hljs-built_in">string</span>
<span class="hljs-keyword">func</span> parseLiteral(bits: <span class="hljs-built_in">string</span>, i: <span class="hljs-keyword">var</span> <span class="hljs-built_in">int</span>): <span class="hljs-built_in">int</span> =
<span class="hljs-keyword">var</span>
valueBits: <span class="hljs-built_in">string</span>
next = <span class="hljs-literal">true</span>
<span class="hljs-keyword">while</span> next:
<span class="hljs-keyword">if</span> bits[i] == <span class="hljs-string">'0'</span>:
next = <span class="hljs-literal">false</span>
inc i
valueBits &= bits[i ..< i + <span class="hljs-number">4</span>]
inc i, <span class="hljs-number">4</span>
<span class="hljs-keyword">discard</span> valueBits.parseBin(<span class="hljs-literal">result</span>)
<span class="hljs-keyword">template</span> check =
<span class="hljs-comment"># not sure if in the end this is actually an error</span>
<span class="hljs-keyword">if</span> i >= bits.len:
<span class="hljs-comment">#debugEcho "ERR"</span>
<span class="hljs-comment">#debugEcho "i: ", i</span>
<span class="hljs-comment">#debugEcho "bits.len: ", bits.len</span>
<span class="hljs-comment">#debugEcho "packet: ", packet</span>
<span class="hljs-keyword">return</span> i
<span class="hljs-keyword">proc</span> parsePacket(bits: <span class="hljs-built_in">string</span>, packet: <span class="hljs-keyword">var</span> <span class="hljs-type">Packet</span>, start: <span class="hljs-built_in">int</span>): <span class="hljs-built_in">int</span> =
<span class="hljs-keyword">var</span> i = start
packet = <span class="hljs-type">Packet</span>()
check
i += bits.parseBin(packet.version, start=i, maxLen=<span class="hljs-number">3</span>)
check
i += bits.parseBin(packet.typeId, start=i, maxLen=<span class="hljs-number">3</span>)
check
<span class="hljs-keyword">if</span> packet.typeId == <span class="hljs-number">4</span>:
packet = <span class="hljs-type">Packet</span>(version: packet.version, typeId: packet.typeId, kind: pkLiteral)
packet.value = bits.parseLiteral(i)
check
<span class="hljs-keyword">return</span> i
packet = <span class="hljs-type">Packet</span>(version: packet.version, typeId: packet.typeId, kind: pkOperator)
packet.lengthTypeId = bits[i]
inc i
check
<span class="hljs-keyword">var</span> maxBits: <span class="hljs-built_in">int</span>
<span class="hljs-keyword">if</span> packet.lengthTypeId == <span class="hljs-string">'0'</span>:
i += bits.parseBin(packet.totBits, start=i, maxLen=<span class="hljs-number">15</span>)
check
maxBits = i + packet.totBits
packet.numPackets = <span class="hljs-number">100</span>
<span class="hljs-keyword">else</span>:
i += bits.parseBin(packet.numPackets, start=i, maxLen=<span class="hljs-number">11</span>)
check
maxBits = <span class="hljs-built_in">int</span>.<span class="hljs-keyword">high</span>
<span class="hljs-comment"># debugEcho "i: ", i, "; maxBits: ", maxBits, "; numPackets: ", packet.numPackets</span>
<span class="hljs-keyword">while</span> i < maxBits <span class="hljs-keyword">and</span> packet.packets.len < packet.numPackets:
<span class="hljs-keyword">var</span> newPacket = <span class="hljs-type">Packet</span>()
i = bits.parsePacket(newPacket, i)
<span class="hljs-comment">#debugEcho "i: ", i</span>
packet.packets.add newPacket
check
<span class="hljs-keyword">return</span> i
<span class="hljs-keyword">func</span> sumVersions(packet: <span class="hljs-type">Packet</span>): <span class="hljs-built_in">int</span> =
<span class="hljs-literal">result</span> += packet.version
<span class="hljs-keyword">if</span> packet.kind == pkOperator:
<span class="hljs-keyword">for</span> p <span class="hljs-keyword">in</span> packet.packets:
<span class="hljs-literal">result</span> += sumVersions p
<span class="hljs-keyword">func</span> pvalue(packet: <span class="hljs-type">Packet</span>): <span class="hljs-built_in">int</span> = <span class="hljs-comment"># I already have value for literal</span>
<span class="hljs-keyword">case</span> packet.typeId
<span class="hljs-keyword">of</span> <span class="hljs-number">0</span>:
sum(packet.packets.mapIt(it.pvalue))
<span class="hljs-keyword">of</span> <span class="hljs-number">1</span>:
prod(packet.packets.mapIt(it.pvalue))
<span class="hljs-keyword">of</span> <span class="hljs-number">2</span>:
min(packet.packets.mapIt(it.pvalue))
<span class="hljs-keyword">of</span> <span class="hljs-number">3</span>:
max(packet.packets.mapIt(it.pvalue))
<span class="hljs-keyword">of</span> <span class="hljs-number">4</span>:
packet.value
<span class="hljs-keyword">of</span> <span class="hljs-number">5</span>:
<span class="hljs-keyword">assert</span> packet.packets.len == <span class="hljs-number">2</span>
<span class="hljs-keyword">if</span> packet.packets[<span class="hljs-number">0</span>].pvalue > packet.packets[<span class="hljs-number">1</span>].pvalue:
<span class="hljs-number">1</span>
<span class="hljs-keyword">else</span>:
<span class="hljs-number">0</span>
<span class="hljs-keyword">of</span> <span class="hljs-number">6</span>:
<span class="hljs-keyword">assert</span> packet.packets.len == <span class="hljs-number">2</span>
<span class="hljs-keyword">if</span> packet.packets[<span class="hljs-number">0</span>].pvalue < packet.packets[<span class="hljs-number">1</span>].pvalue:
<span class="hljs-number">1</span>
<span class="hljs-keyword">else</span>:
<span class="hljs-number">0</span>
<span class="hljs-keyword">of</span> <span class="hljs-number">7</span>:
<span class="hljs-keyword">assert</span> packet.packets.len == <span class="hljs-number">2</span>
<span class="hljs-keyword">if</span> packet.packets[<span class="hljs-number">0</span>].pvalue == packet.packets[<span class="hljs-number">1</span>].pvalue:
<span class="hljs-number">1</span>
<span class="hljs-keyword">else</span>:
<span class="hljs-number">0</span>
<span class="hljs-keyword">else</span>:
<span class="hljs-number">0</span>
<span class="hljs-keyword">template</span> example(text: <span class="hljs-built_in">string</span>) =
<span class="hljs-keyword">echo</span> <span class="hljs-string">"example: "</span>, text
bits = parse text
<span class="hljs-keyword">discard</span> parsePacket(bits, packet, <span class="hljs-number">0</span>)
<span class="hljs-keyword">echo</span> packet
<span class="hljs-keyword">echo</span> <span class="hljs-string">"sumVersions: "</span>, packet.sumVersions
<span class="hljs-keyword">echo</span> <span class="hljs-string">"pvalue: "</span>, packet.pvalue
example <span class="hljs-string">"D2FE28"</span></code></pre>
<pre><samp>example: D2FE28
Packet(version: 6, typeId: 4, kind: pkLiteral, value: 2021)
sumVersions: 6
pvalue: 2021
</samp></pre>
<pre><code class="nim hljs">example <span class="hljs-string">"38006F45291200"</span></code></pre>
<pre><samp>example: 38006F45291200
Packet(version: 1, typeId: 6, kind: pkOperator, lengthTypeId: 0, totBits: 27, numPackets: 100):
Packet(version: 6, typeId: 4, kind: pkLiteral, value: 10)
Packet(version: 2, typeId: 4, kind: pkLiteral, value: 20)
sumVersions: 9
pvalue: 1
</samp></pre>
<pre><code class="nim hljs">example <span class="hljs-string">"EE00D40C823060"</span></code></pre>
<pre><samp>example: EE00D40C823060
Packet(version: 7, typeId: 3, kind: pkOperator, lengthTypeId: 1, totBits: 0, numPackets: 3):
Packet(version: 2, typeId: 4, kind: pkLiteral, value: 1)
Packet(version: 4, typeId: 4, kind: pkLiteral, value: 2)
Packet(version: 1, typeId: 4, kind: pkLiteral, value: 3)
sumVersions: 14
pvalue: 3
</samp></pre>
<blockquote>
<p>Here are a few more examples of hexadecimal-encoded transmissions:</p>
<ul>
<li><code>8A004A801A8002F478</code> represents an operator packet (version 4) which contains an operator packet (version 1) which contains an operator packet (version 5) which contains a literal value (version 6); this packet has a version sum of 16.</li>
<li><code>620080001611562C8802118E34</code> represents an operator packet (version 3) which contains two sub-packets; each sub-packet is an operator packet that contains two literal values. This packet has a version sum of 12.</li>
<li><code>C0015000016115A2E0802F182340</code> has the same structure as the previous example, but the outermost packet uses a different length type ID. This packet has a version sum of 23.</li>
<li><code>A0016C880162017C3686B18A3D4780</code> is an operator packet that contains an operator packet that contains an operator packet that contains five literal values; it has a version sum of 31.</li>
</ul>
</blockquote>
<pre><code class="nim hljs">example <span class="hljs-string">"8A004A801A8002F478"</span></code></pre>
<pre><samp>example: 8A004A801A8002F478
Packet(version: 4, typeId: 2, kind: pkOperator, lengthTypeId: 1, totBits: 0, numPackets: 1):
Packet(version: 1, typeId: 2, kind: pkOperator, lengthTypeId: 1, totBits: 0, numPackets: 1):
Packet(version: 5, typeId: 2, kind: pkOperator, lengthTypeId: 0, totBits: 11, numPackets: 100):
Packet(version: 6, typeId: 4, kind: pkLiteral, value: 15)
sumVersions: 16
pvalue: 15
</samp></pre>
<pre><code class="nim hljs">example <span class="hljs-string">"620080001611562C8802118E34"</span></code></pre>
<pre><samp>example: 620080001611562C8802118E34
Packet(version: 3, typeId: 0, kind: pkOperator, lengthTypeId: 1, totBits: 0, numPackets: 2):
Packet(version: 0, typeId: 0, kind: pkOperator, lengthTypeId: 0, totBits: 22, numPackets: 100):
Packet(version: 0, typeId: 4, kind: pkLiteral, value: 10)
Packet(version: 5, typeId: 4, kind: pkLiteral, value: 11)
Packet(version: 1, typeId: 0, kind: pkOperator, lengthTypeId: 1, totBits: 0, numPackets: 2):
Packet(version: 0, typeId: 4, kind: pkLiteral, value: 12)
Packet(version: 3, typeId: 4, kind: pkLiteral, value: 13)
sumVersions: 12
pvalue: 46
</samp></pre>
<pre><code class="nim hljs">example <span class="hljs-string">"C0015000016115A2E0802F182340"</span></code></pre>
<pre><samp>example: C0015000016115A2E0802F182340
Packet(version: 6, typeId: 0, kind: pkOperator, lengthTypeId: 0, totBits: 84, numPackets: 100):
Packet(version: 0, typeId: 0, kind: pkOperator, lengthTypeId: 0, totBits: 22, numPackets: 100):
Packet(version: 0, typeId: 4, kind: pkLiteral, value: 10)
Packet(version: 6, typeId: 4, kind: pkLiteral, value: 11)
Packet(version: 4, typeId: 0, kind: pkOperator, lengthTypeId: 1, totBits: 0, numPackets: 2):
Packet(version: 7, typeId: 4, kind: pkLiteral, value: 12)
Packet(version: 0, typeId: 4, kind: pkLiteral, value: 13)
sumVersions: 23
pvalue: 46
</samp></pre>
<pre><code class="nim hljs">example <span class="hljs-string">"A0016C880162017C3686B18A3D4780"</span></code></pre>
<pre><samp>example: A0016C880162017C3686B18A3D4780
Packet(version: 5, typeId: 0, kind: pkOperator, lengthTypeId: 0, totBits: 91, numPackets: 100):
Packet(version: 1, typeId: 0, kind: pkOperator, lengthTypeId: 1, totBits: 0, numPackets: 1):
Packet(version: 3, typeId: 0, kind: pkOperator, lengthTypeId: 1, totBits: 0, numPackets: 5):
Packet(version: 7, typeId: 4, kind: pkLiteral, value: 6)
Packet(version: 6, typeId: 4, kind: pkLiteral, value: 6)
Packet(version: 5, typeId: 4, kind: pkLiteral, value: 12)
Packet(version: 2, typeId: 4, kind: pkLiteral, value: 15)
Packet(version: 2, typeId: 4, kind: pkLiteral, value: 15)
sumVersions: 31
pvalue: 54
</samp></pre>
<pre><code class="nim hljs">example readFile(<span class="hljs-string">"2021/input16.txt"</span>)</code></pre>
<pre><samp>example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
Packet(version: 1, typeId: 0, kind: pkOperator, lengthTypeId: 1, totBits: 0, numPackets: 53):
Packet(version: 5, typeId: 1, kind: pkOperator, lengthTypeId: 1, totBits: 0, numPackets: 2):
Packet(version: 5, typeId: 7, kind: pkOperator, lengthTypeId: 1, totBits: 0, numPackets: 2):
Packet(version: 4, typeId: 0, kind: pkOperator, lengthTypeId: 1, totBits: 0, numPackets: 3):
Packet(version: 3, typeId: 4, kind: pkLiteral, value: 8)
Packet(version: 7, typeId: 4, kind: pkLiteral, value: 5)
Packet(version: 0, typeId: 4, kind: pkLiteral, value: 3)
Packet(version: 3, typeId: 0, kind: pkOperator, lengthTypeId: 1, totBits: 0, numPackets: 3):
Packet(version: 3, typeId: 4, kind: pkLiteral, value: 14)
Packet(version: 3, typeId: 4, kind: pkLiteral, value: 6)
Packet(version: 1, typeId: 4, kind: pkLiteral, value: 10)
Packet(version: 0, typeId: 4, kind: pkLiteral, value: 817)
Packet(version: 4, typeId: 1, kind: pkOperator, lengthTypeId: 0, totBits: 110, numPackets: 100):
Packet(version: 3, typeId: 4, kind: pkLiteral, value: 2519282017)
Packet(version: 7, typeId: 5, kind: pkOperator, lengthTypeId: 0, totBits: 42, numPackets: 100):
Packet(version: 5, typeId: 4, kind: pkLiteral, value: 1133)
Packet(version: 1, typeId: 4, kind: pkLiteral, value: 1133)
Packet(version: 6, typeId: 1, kind: pkOperator, lengthTypeId: 1, totBits: 0, numPackets: 2):
Packet(version: 1, typeId: 4, kind: pkLiteral, value: 3581)
Packet(version: 7, typeId: 5, kind: pkOperator, lengthTypeId: 1, totBits: 0, numPackets: 2):
Packet(version: 6, typeId: 0, kind: pkOperator, lengthTypeId: 1, totBits: 0, numPackets: 3):
Packet(version: 5, typeId: 4, kind: pkLiteral, value: 9)
Packet(version: 5, typeId: 4, kind: pkLiteral, value: 5)
Packet(version: 6, typeId: 4, kind: pkLiteral, value: 2)
Packet(version: 5, typeId: 0, kind: pkOperator, lengthTypeId: 1, totBits: 0, numPackets: 3):
Packet(version: 5, typeId: 4, kind: pkLiteral, value: 9)
Packet(version: 2, typeId: 4, kind: pkLiteral, value: 2)
Packet(version: 3, typeId: 4, kind: pkLiteral, value: 13)
Packet(version: 4, typeId: 2, kind: pkOperator, lengthTypeId: 1, totBits: 0, numPackets: 3):
Packet(version: 4, typeId: 4, kind: pkLiteral, value: 1047014)
Packet(version: 3, typeId: 4, kind: pkLiteral, value: 863)
Packet(version: 4, typeId: 4, kind: pkLiteral, value: 61916)
Packet(version: 0, typeId: 4, kind: pkLiteral, value: 2)
Packet(version: 0, typeId: 2, kind: pkOperator, lengthTypeId: 0, totBits: 32, numPackets: 100):
Packet(version: 7, typeId: 4, kind: pkLiteral, value: 2474)
Packet(version: 4, typeId: 4, kind: pkLiteral, value: 8)
Packet(version: 3, typeId: 0, kind: pkOperator, lengthTypeId: 0, totBits: 27, numPackets: 100):
Packet(version: 5, typeId: 4, kind: pkLiteral, value: 61)
Packet(version: 7, typeId: 4, kind: pkLiteral, value: 10)
Packet(version: 0, typeId: 1, kind: pkOperator, lengthTypeId: 1, totBits: 0, numPackets: 2):
Packet(version: 7, typeId: 4, kind: pkLiteral, value: 2053)
Packet(version: 4, typeId: 5, kind: pkOperator, lengthTypeId: 0, totBits: 106, numPackets: 100):
Packet(version: 2, typeId: 0, kind: pkOperator, lengthTypeId: 1, totBits: 0, numPackets: 3):
Packet(version: 1, typeId: 4, kind: pkLiteral, value: 4)
Packet(version: 1, typeId: 4, kind: pkLiteral, value: 7)
Packet(version: 3, typeId: 4, kind: pkLiteral, value: 3)
Packet(version: 4, typeId: 0, kind: pkOperator, lengthTypeId: 0, totBits: 33, numPackets: 100):
Packet(version: 6, typeId: 4, kind: pkLiteral, value: 2)
Packet(version: 3, typeId: 4, kind: pkLiteral, value: 15)
Packet(version: 6, typeId: 4, kind: pkLiteral, value: 3)
Packet(version: 7, typeId: 4, kind: pkLiteral, value: 4)
Packet(version: 5, typeId: 3, kind: pkOperator, lengthTypeId: 1, totBits: 0, numPackets: 5):
Packet(version: 2, typeId: 4, kind: pkLiteral, value: 3071)
Packet(version: 1, typeId: 4, kind: pkLiteral, value: 25896876792)
Packet(version: 2, typeId: 4, kind: pkLiteral, value: 90333271)
Packet(version: 7, typeId: 4, kind: pkLiteral, value: 119514860)
Packet(version: 2, typeId: 4, kind: pkLiteral, value: 53417)
Packet(version: 3, typeId: 1, kind: pkOperator, lengthTypeId: 1, totBits: 0, numPackets: 2):
Packet(version: 3, typeId: 6, kind: pkOperator, lengthTypeId: 1, totBits: 0, numPackets: 2):
Packet(version: 0, typeId: 4, kind: pkLiteral, value: 70133)
Packet(version: 3, typeId: 4, kind: pkLiteral, value: 70133)
Packet(version: 0, typeId: 4, kind: pkLiteral, value: 61068)
Packet(version: 5, typeId: 1, kind: pkOperator, lengthTypeId: 0, totBits: 81, numPackets: 100):
Packet(version: 5, typeId: 4, kind: pkLiteral, value: 198)
Packet(version: 3, typeId: 7, kind: pkOperator, lengthTypeId: 1, totBits: 0, numPackets: 2):
Packet(version: 3, typeId: 4, kind: pkLiteral, value: 2335)
Packet(version: 7, typeId: 4, kind: pkLiteral, value: 5594)
Packet(version: 2, typeId: 0, kind: pkOperator, lengthTypeId: 0, totBits: 63, numPackets: 100):
Packet(version: 7, typeId: 4, kind: pkLiteral, value: 1866)
Packet(version: 6, typeId: 4, kind: pkLiteral, value: 164)
Packet(version: 5, typeId: 4, kind: pkLiteral, value: 46351)
Packet(version: 2, typeId: 0, kind: pkOperator, lengthTypeId: 1, totBits: 0, numPackets: 3):
Packet(version: 7, typeId: 1, kind: pkOperator, lengthTypeId: 0, totBits: 33, numPackets: 100):
Packet(version: 2, typeId: 4, kind: pkLiteral, value: 14)
Packet(version: 5, typeId: 4, kind: pkLiteral, value: 8)
Packet(version: 3, typeId: 4, kind: pkLiteral, value: 10)
Packet(version: 1, typeId: 1, kind: pkOperator, lengthTypeId: 1, totBits: 0, numPackets: 3):
Packet(version: 2, typeId: 4, kind: pkLiteral, value: 12)
Packet(version: 0, typeId: 4, kind: pkLiteral, value: 7)
Packet(version: 7, typeId: 4, kind: pkLiteral, value: 10)
Packet(version: 7, typeId: 1, kind: pkOperator, lengthTypeId: 1, totBits: 0, numPackets: 3):
Packet(version: 5, typeId: 4, kind: pkLiteral, value: 3)
Packet(version: 4, typeId: 4, kind: pkLiteral, value: 3)
Packet(version: 2, typeId: 4, kind: pkLiteral, value: 11)
Packet(version: 2, typeId: 1, kind: pkOperator, lengthTypeId: 1, totBits: 0, numPackets: 2):
Packet(version: 1, typeId: 4, kind: pkLiteral, value: 75308549)
Packet(version: 7, typeId: 6, kind: pkOperator, lengthTypeId: 0, totBits: 72, numPackets: 100):
Packet(version: 5, typeId: 4, kind: pkLiteral, value: 1512)
Packet(version: 7, typeId: 4, kind: pkLiteral, value: 32762322674)
Packet(version: 5, typeId: 3, kind: pkOperator, lengthTypeId: 0, totBits: 11, numPackets: 100):
Packet(version: 5, typeId: 4, kind: pkLiteral, value: 7)
Packet(version: 5, typeId: 1, kind: pkOperator, lengthTypeId: 0, totBits: 64, numPackets: 100):
Packet(version: 3, typeId: 4, kind: pkLiteral, value: 196)
Packet(version: 0, typeId: 4, kind: pkLiteral, value: 31)
Packet(version: 3, typeId: 4, kind: pkLiteral, value: 33)
Packet(version: 3, typeId: 4, kind: pkLiteral, value: 36)
Packet(version: 1, typeId: 1, kind: pkOperator, lengthTypeId: 0, totBits: 85, numPackets: 100):
Packet(version: 7, typeId: 6, kind: pkOperator, lengthTypeId: 0, totBits: 47, numPackets: 100):
Packet(version: 3, typeId: 4, kind: pkLiteral, value: 3115)
Packet(version: 1, typeId: 4, kind: pkLiteral, value: 45499)
Packet(version: 6, typeId: 4, kind: pkLiteral, value: 216)
Packet(version: 6, typeId: 1, kind: pkOperator, lengthTypeId: 0, totBits: 75, numPackets: 100):
Packet(version: 1, typeId: 4, kind: pkLiteral, value: 100)
Packet(version: 7, typeId: 4, kind: pkLiteral, value: 104)
Packet(version: 5, typeId: 4, kind: pkLiteral, value: 188)
Packet(version: 4, typeId: 4, kind: pkLiteral, value: 7)
Packet(version: 6, typeId: 4, kind: pkLiteral, value: 199)
Packet(version: 5, typeId: 1, kind: pkOperator, lengthTypeId: 0, totBits: 16, numPackets: 100):
Packet(version: 1, typeId: 4, kind: pkLiteral, value: 210)
Packet(version: 0, typeId: 0, kind: pkOperator, lengthTypeId: 1, totBits: 0, numPackets: 1):
Packet(version: 5, typeId: 4, kind: pkLiteral, value: 3162941497)
Packet(version: 3, typeId: 3, kind: pkOperator, lengthTypeId: 1, totBits: 0, numPackets: 4):
Packet(version: 4, typeId: 4, kind: pkLiteral, value: 819624592872)
Packet(version: 5, typeId: 4, kind: pkLiteral, value: 180)
Packet(version: 7, typeId: 4, kind: pkLiteral, value: 254)
Packet(version: 5, typeId: 4, kind: pkLiteral, value: 708340)
Packet(version: 1, typeId: 3, kind: pkOperator, lengthTypeId: 1, totBits: 0, numPackets: 1):
Packet(version: 3, typeId: 0, kind: pkOperator, lengthTypeId: 1, totBits: 0, numPackets: 1):
Packet(version: 6, typeId: 3, kind: pkOperator, lengthTypeId: 0, totBits: 358, numPackets: 100):
Packet(version: 6, typeId: 0, kind: pkOperator, lengthTypeId: 1, totBits: 0, numPackets: 1):
Packet(version: 4, typeId: 2, kind: pkOperator, lengthTypeId: 1, totBits: 0, numPackets: 1):
Packet(version: 6, typeId: 0, kind: pkOperator, lengthTypeId: 0, totBits: 300, numPackets: 100):
Packet(version: 7, typeId: 3, kind: pkOperator, lengthTypeId: 0, totBits: 278, numPackets: 100):
Packet(version: 7, typeId: 2, kind: pkOperator, lengthTypeId: 0, totBits: 256, numPackets: 100):
Packet(version: 3, typeId: 3, kind: pkOperator, lengthTypeId: 0, totBits: 234, numPackets: 100):
Packet(version: 0, typeId: 0, kind: pkOperator, lengthTypeId: 0, totBits: 212, numPackets: 100):
Packet(version: 3, typeId: 3, kind: pkOperator, lengthTypeId: 0, totBits: 190, numPackets: 100):
Packet(version: 4, typeId: 0, kind: pkOperator, lengthTypeId: 0, totBits: 168, numPackets: 100):
Packet(version: 7, typeId: 2, kind: pkOperator, lengthTypeId: 1, totBits: 0, numPackets: 1):
Packet(version: 6, typeId: 2, kind: pkOperator, lengthTypeId: 0, totBits: 128, numPackets: 100):
Packet(version: 0, typeId: 3, kind: pkOperator, lengthTypeId: 1, totBits: 0, numPackets: 1):
Packet(version: 4, typeId: 1, kind: pkOperator, lengthTypeId: 1, totBits: 0, numPackets: 1):
Packet(version: 4, typeId: 3, kind: pkOperator, lengthTypeId: 1, totBits: 0, numPackets: 1):
Packet(version: 0, typeId: 1, kind: pkOperator, lengthTypeId: 0, totBits: 52, numPackets: 100):
Packet(version: 1, typeId: 0, kind: pkOperator, lengthTypeId: 1, totBits: 0, numPackets: 1):
Packet(version: 4, typeId: 1, kind: pkOperator, lengthTypeId: 1, totBits: 0, numPackets: 1):
Packet(version: 6, typeId: 4, kind: pkLiteral, value: 187)
Packet(version: 7, typeId: 4, kind: pkLiteral, value: 11)
Packet(version: 6, typeId: 1, kind: pkOperator, lengthTypeId: 1, totBits: 0, numPackets: 2):
Packet(version: 7, typeId: 4, kind: pkLiteral, value: 28441)
Packet(version: 2, typeId: 6, kind: pkOperator, lengthTypeId: 1, totBits: 0, numPackets: 2):
Packet(version: 7, typeId: 0, kind: pkOperator, lengthTypeId: 1, totBits: 0, numPackets: 3):
Packet(version: 5, typeId: 4, kind: pkLiteral, value: 13)
Packet(version: 2, typeId: 4, kind: pkLiteral, value: 15)
Packet(version: 6, typeId: 4, kind: pkLiteral, value: 6)
Packet(version: 0, typeId: 0, kind: pkOperator, lengthTypeId: 0, totBits: 33, numPackets: 100):
Packet(version: 1, typeId: 4, kind: pkLiteral, value: 15)
Packet(version: 6, typeId: 4, kind: pkLiteral, value: 9)
Packet(version: 0, typeId: 4, kind: pkLiteral, value: 5)
Packet(version: 3, typeId: 0, kind: pkOperator, lengthTypeId: 0, totBits: 79, numPackets: 100):
Packet(version: 6, typeId: 4, kind: pkLiteral, value: 176)
Packet(version: 2, typeId: 4, kind: pkLiteral, value: 4043)
Packet(version: 6, typeId: 4, kind: pkLiteral, value: 149405)
Packet(version: 5, typeId: 4, kind: pkLiteral, value: 1)
Packet(version: 5, typeId: 4, kind: pkLiteral, value: 172)
Packet(version: 4, typeId: 1, kind: pkOperator, lengthTypeId: 0, totBits: 48, numPackets: 100):
Packet(version: 4, typeId: 4, kind: pkLiteral, value: 90)
Packet(version: 1, typeId: 4, kind: pkLiteral, value: 187)
Packet(version: 6, typeId: 4, kind: pkLiteral, value: 231)
Packet(version: 5, typeId: 1, kind: pkOperator, lengthTypeId: 1, totBits: 0, numPackets: 2):
Packet(version: 3, typeId: 7, kind: pkOperator, lengthTypeId: 0, totBits: 62, numPackets: 100):
Packet(version: 5, typeId: 4, kind: pkLiteral, value: 193831084)
Packet(version: 0, typeId: 4, kind: pkLiteral, value: 1421)
Packet(version: 0, typeId: 4, kind: pkLiteral, value: 218)
Packet(version: 3, typeId: 1, kind: pkOperator, lengthTypeId: 0, totBits: 101, numPackets: 100):
Packet(version: 3, typeId: 4, kind: pkLiteral, value: 695560)
Packet(version: 6, typeId: 7, kind: pkOperator, lengthTypeId: 1, totBits: 0, numPackets: 2):
Packet(version: 1, typeId: 4, kind: pkLiteral, value: 33555)
Packet(version: 6, typeId: 4, kind: pkLiteral, value: 33555)
Packet(version: 2, typeId: 1, kind: pkOperator, lengthTypeId: 1, totBits: 0, numPackets: 3):
Packet(version: 7, typeId: 0, kind: pkOperator, lengthTypeId: 1, totBits: 0, numPackets: 3):
Packet(version: 6, typeId: 4, kind: pkLiteral, value: 4)
Packet(version: 1, typeId: 4, kind: pkLiteral, value: 9)
Packet(version: 4, typeId: 4, kind: pkLiteral, value: 3)
Packet(version: 1, typeId: 0, kind: pkOperator, lengthTypeId: 0, totBits: 33, numPackets: 100):
Packet(version: 6, typeId: 4, kind: pkLiteral, value: 4)
Packet(version: 2, typeId: 4, kind: pkLiteral, value: 7)
Packet(version: 0, typeId: 4, kind: pkLiteral, value: 11)
Packet(version: 7, typeId: 0, kind: pkOperator, lengthTypeId: 1, totBits: 0, numPackets: 3):
Packet(version: 2, typeId: 4, kind: pkLiteral, value: 12)
Packet(version: 3, typeId: 4, kind: pkLiteral, value: 10)
Packet(version: 6, typeId: 4, kind: pkLiteral, value: 15)
Packet(version: 7, typeId: 4, kind: pkLiteral, value: 5)
Packet(version: 4, typeId: 4, kind: pkLiteral, value: 14)
Packet(version: 5, typeId: 4, kind: pkLiteral, value: 2942)
Packet(version: 5, typeId: 2, kind: pkOperator, lengthTypeId: 0, totBits: 36, numPackets: 100):
Packet(version: 0, typeId: 4, kind: pkLiteral, value: 13040895)
Packet(version: 0, typeId: 3, kind: pkOperator, lengthTypeId: 1, totBits: 0, numPackets: 2):
Packet(version: 4, typeId: 4, kind: pkLiteral, value: 2706)
Packet(version: 7, typeId: 4, kind: pkLiteral, value: 236764)
Packet(version: 3, typeId: 1, kind: pkOperator, lengthTypeId: 0, totBits: 91, numPackets: 100):
Packet(version: 1, typeId: 6, kind: pkOperator, lengthTypeId: 1, totBits: 0, numPackets: 2):
Packet(version: 3, typeId: 4, kind: pkLiteral, value: 29093)
Packet(version: 7, typeId: 4, kind: pkLiteral, value: 29093)
Packet(version: 6, typeId: 4, kind: pkLiteral, value: 2639)
Packet(version: 1, typeId: 4, kind: pkLiteral, value: 2905)
Packet(version: 6, typeId: 1, kind: pkOperator, lengthTypeId: 1, totBits: 0, numPackets: 2):
Packet(version: 1, typeId: 4, kind: pkLiteral, value: 60706885)
Packet(version: 0, typeId: 6, kind: pkOperator, lengthTypeId: 0, totBits: 106, numPackets: 100):
Packet(version: 5, typeId: 0, kind: pkOperator, lengthTypeId: 0, totBits: 33, numPackets: 100):
Packet(version: 7, typeId: 4, kind: pkLiteral, value: 7)
Packet(version: 6, typeId: 4, kind: pkLiteral, value: 8)
Packet(version: 5, typeId: 4, kind: pkLiteral, value: 9)
Packet(version: 4, typeId: 0, kind: pkOperator, lengthTypeId: 1, totBits: 0, numPackets: 3):
Packet(version: 5, typeId: 4, kind: pkLiteral, value: 14)
Packet(version: 1, typeId: 4, kind: pkLiteral, value: 2)
Packet(version: 2, typeId: 4, kind: pkLiteral, value: 8)
Packet(version: 7, typeId: 1, kind: pkOperator, lengthTypeId: 1, totBits: 0, numPackets: 2):
Packet(version: 7, typeId: 4, kind: pkLiteral, value: 849193)
Packet(version: 0, typeId: 5, kind: pkOperator, lengthTypeId: 1, totBits: 0, numPackets: 2):
Packet(version: 6, typeId: 4, kind: pkLiteral, value: 3660)
Packet(version: 4, typeId: 4, kind: pkLiteral, value: 6045)
Packet(version: 3, typeId: 0, kind: pkOperator, lengthTypeId: 0, totBits: 145, numPackets: 100):
Packet(version: 7, typeId: 4, kind: pkLiteral, value: 22)
Packet(version: 7, typeId: 4, kind: pkLiteral, value: 821619064094)
Packet(version: 6, typeId: 4, kind: pkLiteral, value: 675)
Packet(version: 0, typeId: 4, kind: pkLiteral, value: 13)
Packet(version: 5, typeId: 4, kind: pkLiteral, value: 66876028)
Packet(version: 0, typeId: 1, kind: pkOperator, lengthTypeId: 1, totBits: 0, numPackets: 2):
Packet(version: 3, typeId: 4, kind: pkLiteral, value: 48406)
Packet(version: 5, typeId: 5, kind: pkOperator, lengthTypeId: 1, totBits: 0, numPackets: 2):
Packet(version: 7, typeId: 4, kind: pkLiteral, value: 7781281650951)
Packet(version: 7, typeId: 4, kind: pkLiteral, value: 3322)
Packet(version: 3, typeId: 3, kind: pkOperator, lengthTypeId: 0, totBits: 63, numPackets: 100):
Packet(version: 2, typeId: 4, kind: pkLiteral, value: 16157976)
Packet(version: 7, typeId: 4, kind: pkLiteral, value: 9)
Packet(version: 2, typeId: 4, kind: pkLiteral, value: 165)
Packet(version: 4, typeId: 1, kind: pkOperator, lengthTypeId: 0, totBits: 66, numPackets: 100):
Packet(version: 6, typeId: 5, kind: pkOperator, lengthTypeId: 1, totBits: 0, numPackets: 2):
Packet(version: 7, typeId: 4, kind: pkLiteral, value: 166)
Packet(version: 3, typeId: 4, kind: pkLiteral, value: 166)
Packet(version: 6, typeId: 4, kind: pkLiteral, value: 97)
Packet(version: 6, typeId: 4, kind: pkLiteral, value: 15)
Packet(version: 0, typeId: 1, kind: pkOperator, lengthTypeId: 0, totBits: 106, numPackets: 100):
Packet(version: 5, typeId: 5, kind: pkOperator, lengthTypeId: 1, totBits: 0, numPackets: 2):
Packet(version: 0, typeId: 4, kind: pkLiteral, value: 1001)
Packet(version: 4, typeId: 4, kind: pkLiteral, value: 67695326)
Packet(version: 2, typeId: 4, kind: pkLiteral, value: 20632)
Packet(version: 1, typeId: 1, kind: pkOperator, lengthTypeId: 0, totBits: 116, numPackets: 100):
Packet(version: 2, typeId: 6, kind: pkOperator, lengthTypeId: 1, totBits: 0, numPackets: 2):
Packet(version: 7, typeId: 4, kind: pkLiteral, value: 10219686)
Packet(version: 0, typeId: 4, kind: pkLiteral, value: 205)
Packet(version: 2, typeId: 4, kind: pkLiteral, value: 483239986)
Packet(version: 5, typeId: 4, kind: pkLiteral, value: 11674)
Packet(version: 1, typeId: 2, kind: pkOperator, lengthTypeId: 0, totBits: 135, numPackets: 100):
Packet(version: 2, typeId: 4, kind: pkLiteral, value: 52)
Packet(version: 6, typeId: 4, kind: pkLiteral, value: 535330074729)
Packet(version: 1, typeId: 4, kind: pkLiteral, value: 7666)
Packet(version: 0, typeId: 4, kind: pkLiteral, value: 167)
Packet(version: 4, typeId: 4, kind: pkLiteral, value: 1561)
Packet(version: 2, typeId: 1, kind: pkOperator, lengthTypeId: 1, totBits: 0, numPackets: 2):
Packet(version: 6, typeId: 5, kind: pkOperator, lengthTypeId: 0, totBits: 42, numPackets: 100):
Packet(version: 1, typeId: 4, kind: pkLiteral, value: 50028)
Packet(version: 3, typeId: 4, kind: pkLiteral, value: 144)
Packet(version: 6, typeId: 4, kind: pkLiteral, value: 117)
Packet(version: 6, typeId: 2, kind: pkOperator, lengthTypeId: 1, totBits: 0, numPackets: 4):
Packet(version: 6, typeId: 4, kind: pkLiteral, value: 120864373)
Packet(version: 3, typeId: 4, kind: pkLiteral, value: 8604)
Packet(version: 4, typeId: 4, kind: pkLiteral, value: 6)
Packet(version: 3, typeId: 4, kind: pkLiteral, value: 213436656663)
Packet(version: 2, typeId: 1, kind: pkOperator, lengthTypeId: 1, totBits: 0, numPackets: 2):
Packet(version: 0, typeId: 4, kind: pkLiteral, value: 44080)
Packet(version: 0, typeId: 6, kind: pkOperator, lengthTypeId: 1, totBits: 0, numPackets: 2):
Packet(version: 3, typeId: 4, kind: pkLiteral, value: 4596286)
Packet(version: 3, typeId: 4, kind: pkLiteral, value: 129673)
Packet(version: 5, typeId: 1, kind: pkOperator, lengthTypeId: 1, totBits: 0, numPackets: 2):
Packet(version: 2, typeId: 4, kind: pkLiteral, value: 160)
Packet(version: 1, typeId: 4, kind: pkLiteral, value: 236)
sumVersions: 1002
pvalue: 1673210814091
</samp></pre>
<blockquote>
<p>For example:</p>
<ul>
<li><code>C200B40A82</code> finds the sum of 1 and 2, resulting in the value 3.</li>
<li><code>04005AC33890</code> finds the product of 6 and 9, resulting in the value 54.</li>
<li><code>880086C3E88112</code> finds the minimum of 7, 8, and 9, resulting in the value 7.</li>
<li><code>CE00C43D881120</code> finds the maximum of 7, 8, and 9, resulting in the value 9.</li>
<li><code>D8005AC2A8F0</code> produces 1, because 5 is less than 15.</li>
<li><code>F600BC2D8F</code> produces 0, because 5 is not greater than 15.</li>
<li><code>9C005AC2F8F0</code> produces 0, because 5 is not equal to 15.</li>
<li><code>9C0141080250320F1802104A08</code> produces 1, because 1 + 3 = 2 * 2.</li>
</ul>
</blockquote>
<pre><code class="nim hljs">example <span class="hljs-string">"C200B40A82"</span></code></pre>
<pre><samp>example: C200B40A82
Packet(version: 6, typeId: 0, kind: pkOperator, lengthTypeId: 1, totBits: 0, numPackets: 2):
Packet(version: 6, typeId: 4, kind: pkLiteral, value: 1)
Packet(version: 2, typeId: 4, kind: pkLiteral, value: 2)
sumVersions: 14
pvalue: 3
</samp></pre>
<pre><code class="nim hljs">example <span class="hljs-string">"04005AC33890"</span></code></pre>
<pre><samp>example: 04005AC33890
Packet(version: 0, typeId: 1, kind: pkOperator, lengthTypeId: 0, totBits: 22, numPackets: 100):
Packet(version: 5, typeId: 4, kind: pkLiteral, value: 6)
Packet(version: 3, typeId: 4, kind: pkLiteral, value: 9)
sumVersions: 8
pvalue: 54
</samp></pre>
<pre><code class="nim hljs">example <span class="hljs-string">"880086C3E88112"</span></code></pre>
<pre><samp>example: 880086C3E88112
Packet(version: 4, typeId: 2, kind: pkOperator, lengthTypeId: 0, totBits: 33, numPackets: 100):
Packet(version: 5, typeId: 4, kind: pkLiteral, value: 7)
Packet(version: 6, typeId: 4, kind: pkLiteral, value: 8)
Packet(version: 0, typeId: 4, kind: pkLiteral, value: 9)
sumVersions: 15
pvalue: 7
</samp></pre>
<pre><code class="nim hljs">example <span class="hljs-string">"CE00C43D881120"</span></code></pre>
<pre><samp>example: CE00C43D881120
Packet(version: 6, typeId: 3, kind: pkOperator, lengthTypeId: 1, totBits: 0, numPackets: 3):
Packet(version: 0, typeId: 4, kind: pkLiteral, value: 7)
Packet(version: 5, typeId: 4, kind: pkLiteral, value: 8)
Packet(version: 0, typeId: 4, kind: pkLiteral, value: 9)
sumVersions: 11
pvalue: 9
</samp></pre>
<pre><code class="nim hljs">example <span class="hljs-string">"D8005AC2A8F0"</span></code></pre>
<pre><samp>example: D8005AC2A8F0
Packet(version: 6, typeId: 6, kind: pkOperator, lengthTypeId: 0, totBits: 22, numPackets: 100):
Packet(version: 5, typeId: 4, kind: pkLiteral, value: 5)
Packet(version: 2, typeId: 4, kind: pkLiteral, value: 15)
sumVersions: 13
pvalue: 1
</samp></pre>
<pre><code class="nim hljs">example <span class="hljs-string">"F600BC2D8F"</span></code></pre>
<pre><samp>example: F600BC2D8F
Packet(version: 7, typeId: 5, kind: pkOperator, lengthTypeId: 1, totBits: 0, numPackets: 2):
Packet(version: 7, typeId: 4, kind: pkLiteral, value: 5)
Packet(version: 5, typeId: 4, kind: pkLiteral, value: 15)
sumVersions: 19
pvalue: 0
</samp></pre>
<pre><code class="nim hljs">example <span class="hljs-string">"9C005AC2F8F0"</span></code></pre>
<pre><samp>example: 9C005AC2F8F0
Packet(version: 4, typeId: 7, kind: pkOperator, lengthTypeId: 0, totBits: 22, numPackets: 100):
Packet(version: 5, typeId: 4, kind: pkLiteral, value: 5)
Packet(version: 7, typeId: 4, kind: pkLiteral, value: 15)
sumVersions: 16
pvalue: 0
</samp></pre>
<pre><code class="nim hljs">example <span class="hljs-string">"9C0141080250320F1802104A08"</span></code></pre>
<pre><samp>example: 9C0141080250320F1802104A08
Packet(version: 4, typeId: 7, kind: pkOperator, lengthTypeId: 0, totBits: 80, numPackets: 100):
Packet(version: 2, typeId: 0, kind: pkOperator, lengthTypeId: 1, totBits: 0, numPackets: 2):
Packet(version: 2, typeId: 4, kind: pkLiteral, value: 1)
Packet(version: 4, typeId: 4, kind: pkLiteral, value: 3)
Packet(version: 6, typeId: 1, kind: pkOperator, lengthTypeId: 1, totBits: 0, numPackets: 2):
Packet(version: 0, typeId: 4, kind: pkLiteral, value: 2)
Packet(version: 2, typeId: 4, kind: pkLiteral, value: 2)
sumVersions: 20
pvalue: 1
</samp></pre>
<blockquote>
<p>That's the right answer! You are <em class="star">one gold star</em> closer to saving your vacation.</p>
</blockquote>
<blockquote>
<p>That's the right answer! You are <em class="star">one gold star</em> closer to saving your vacation.</p>
</blockquote>
</main>
<footer>
<hr>
<div class="nb-box">
<span><span class="nb-small">made with <a href="https://pietroppeter.github.io/nimib/">nimib 🐳</a></span></span>
<span></span>
<span><button class="nb-small" id="show" onclick="toggleSourceDisplay()">Show Source</button></span>
</div>
</footer>
<section id="source">
<pre><code class="nim hljs"><span class="hljs-keyword">import</span> animu, nimib
nbInit(theme=useAdventOfNim)
nbText: <span class="hljs-string">"""## Day 16: [Packet Decoder](https://adventofcode.com/2021/day/16)
Today is about parsing a binary signal here is the first example
signal to practice one of the basic function I will be using (`toBin`)
"""</span>
nbCode:
<span class="hljs-keyword">echo</span> <span class="hljs-number">0xD2FE28</span>.toBin(len=<span class="hljs-number">24</span>)
<span class="hljs-keyword">echo</span> <span class="hljs-string">"VVVTTTAAAAABBBBBCCCCC"</span>
nbText: <span class="hljs-string">"""
At first I thougth I could try
with [binaryparse](https://github.com/PMunch/binaryparse):
"""</span>
nbCode:
<span class="hljs-keyword">import</span> binaryparse, streams
<span class="hljs-keyword">block</span>:
<span class="hljs-keyword">let</span> test1 = newStringStream(<span class="hljs-string">"</span><span class="hljs-meta">\xD2</span><span class="hljs-meta">\xFE</span><span class="hljs-meta">\x28</span><span class="hljs-string">"</span>)
createParser(packet):
u3: version
u3: typeId
<span class="hljs-keyword">var</span> data = packet.get(test1)
dump data
nbText: <span class="hljs-string">"""
But the result is odd ([bug?](https://github.com/PMunch/binaryparse/issues/18)). So then I could try with
[binarylang](https://github.com/sealmove/binarylang) and the first step went better:
"""</span>
nbCode:
<span class="hljs-keyword">import</span> binarylang
<span class="hljs-keyword">block</span>:
<span class="hljs-keyword">let</span> test1 = newStringBitStream(<span class="hljs-string">"</span><span class="hljs-meta">\xD2</span><span class="hljs-meta">\xFE</span><span class="hljs-meta">\x28</span><span class="hljs-string">"</span>)
struct(packet):
u3: version
u3: typeId
<span class="hljs-keyword">var</span> data = packet.get(test1)
<span class="hljs-comment"># data is an object without a $ proc defined</span>
<span class="hljs-keyword">echo</span> data.version
<span class="hljs-keyword">echo</span> data.typeId
nbText: <span class="hljs-string">"""But after this I was lost. I think it can be done with this library
and it would be rather cool but what I could gather in limited time
from documentation and code was not enough.
So I decided to start from scratch. And let's start with parsing the input.
It would be much nicer to use sequence of bytes and keep information compact,
but it is much easier to pack a `char` for each bit (!). I will also
be using our standard int for whatever small int comes my way...
"""</span>
nbCode:
<span class="hljs-keyword">func</span> parseHex(c: <span class="hljs-built_in">char</span>): <span class="hljs-built_in">int</span> =
<span class="hljs-keyword">if</span> c <span class="hljs-keyword">in</span> <span class="hljs-string">'0'</span> .. <span class="hljs-string">'9'</span>:
ord(c) - ord (<span class="hljs-string">'0'</span>)
<span class="hljs-keyword">elif</span> c <span class="hljs-keyword">in</span> <span class="hljs-string">'A'</span> .. <span class="hljs-string">'F'</span>:
<span class="hljs-number">10</span> + ord(c) - ord (<span class="hljs-string">'A'</span>)
<span class="hljs-keyword">else</span>:
<span class="hljs-number">0</span> <span class="hljs-comment"># should raise error</span>
<span class="hljs-comment"># parse string to string and waste a lot of info...</span>
<span class="hljs-keyword">func</span> parse(text: <span class="hljs-built_in">string</span>): <span class="hljs-built_in">string</span> =
<span class="hljs-keyword">for</span> c <span class="hljs-keyword">in</span> text:
<span class="hljs-literal">result</span>.add c.parseHex.toBin(len=<span class="hljs-number">4</span>)
<span class="hljs-keyword">echo</span> <span class="hljs-string">'A'</span>.parseHex
<span class="hljs-keyword">echo</span> parse <span class="hljs-string">"D2FE28"</span>
<span class="hljs-keyword">echo</span> <span class="hljs-string">"VVVTTTAAAAABBBBBCCCCC"</span>
nbText: <span class="hljs-string">"""
and then, slowly but surely I went on building my implementation bit by bit,
adding debugging stuff and being as usual a bit too verbose.
Packet type contains way too much info... but in the end I manage to dots all my _i_s...
It is all spread here without a lot of commentary and possibly with too many outputs.
"""</span>
nbCode:
<span class="hljs-keyword">type</span>
<span class="hljs-type">PacketKind</span> = <span class="hljs-keyword">enum</span>
pkLiteral, pkOperator
<span class="hljs-type">Packet</span> = <span class="hljs-keyword">ref</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">object</span>
version: <span class="hljs-built_in">int</span>
typeId: <span class="hljs-built_in">int</span>
<span class="hljs-keyword">case</span> kind: <span class="hljs-type">PacketKind</span>
<span class="hljs-keyword">of</span> pkLiteral:
value: <span class="hljs-built_in">int</span>
<span class="hljs-keyword">of</span> pkOperator:
lengthTypeId: <span class="hljs-built_in">char</span>
totBits: <span class="hljs-built_in">int</span>
numPackets: <span class="hljs-built_in">int</span>
packets: <span class="hljs-built_in">seq</span>[<span class="hljs-type">Packet</span>]
<span class="hljs-keyword">func</span> `$`(p: <span class="hljs-type">Packet</span>): <span class="hljs-built_in">string</span> =
<span class="hljs-literal">result</span> = &<span class="hljs-string">"Packet(version: {p.version}, typeId: {p.typeId}, kind: {p.kind}"</span>
<span class="hljs-keyword">case</span> p.kind
<span class="hljs-keyword">of</span> pkLiteral:
<span class="hljs-literal">result</span> &= &<span class="hljs-string">", value: {p.value})"</span>
<span class="hljs-keyword">of</span> pkOperator:
<span class="hljs-literal">result</span> &= &<span class="hljs-string">", lengthTypeId: {p.lengthTypeId}, totBits: {p.totBits}, numPackets: {p.numPackets}):</span><span class="hljs-meta">\n</span><span class="hljs-string">"</span>
<span class="hljs-keyword">for</span> packet <span class="hljs-keyword">in</span> p.packets:
<span class="hljs-literal">result</span> &= indent($packet, <span class="hljs-number">2</span>) & <span class="hljs-string">'\n'</span>
<span class="hljs-keyword">var</span>
packet: <span class="hljs-type">Packet</span>
bits: <span class="hljs-built_in">string</span>
<span class="hljs-keyword">func</span> parseLiteral(bits: <span class="hljs-built_in">string</span>, i: <span class="hljs-keyword">var</span> <span class="hljs-built_in">int</span>): <span class="hljs-built_in">int</span> =
<span class="hljs-keyword">var</span>
valueBits: <span class="hljs-built_in">string</span>
next = <span class="hljs-literal">true</span>
<span class="hljs-keyword">while</span> next:
<span class="hljs-keyword">if</span> bits[i] == <span class="hljs-string">'0'</span>:
next = <span class="hljs-literal">false</span>
inc i
valueBits &= bits[i ..< i + <span class="hljs-number">4</span>]
inc i, <span class="hljs-number">4</span>
<span class="hljs-keyword">discard</span> valueBits.parseBin(<span class="hljs-literal">result</span>)
<span class="hljs-keyword">template</span> check =
<span class="hljs-comment"># not sure if in the end this is actually an error</span>
<span class="hljs-keyword">if</span> i >= bits.len:
<span class="hljs-comment">#debugEcho "ERR"</span>
<span class="hljs-comment">#debugEcho "i: ", i</span>
<span class="hljs-comment">#debugEcho "bits.len: ", bits.len</span>
<span class="hljs-comment">#debugEcho "packet: ", packet</span>
<span class="hljs-keyword">return</span> i
<span class="hljs-keyword">proc</span> parsePacket(bits: <span class="hljs-built_in">string</span>, packet: <span class="hljs-keyword">var</span> <span class="hljs-type">Packet</span>, start: <span class="hljs-built_in">int</span>): <span class="hljs-built_in">int</span> =
<span class="hljs-keyword">var</span> i = start
packet = <span class="hljs-type">Packet</span>()
check
i += bits.parseBin(packet.version, start=i, maxLen=<span class="hljs-number">3</span>)
check
i += bits.parseBin(packet.typeId, start=i, maxLen=<span class="hljs-number">3</span>)
check
<span class="hljs-keyword">if</span> packet.typeId == <span class="hljs-number">4</span>:
packet = <span class="hljs-type">Packet</span>(version: packet.version, typeId: packet.typeId, kind: pkLiteral)
packet.value = bits.parseLiteral(i)
check
<span class="hljs-keyword">return</span> i
packet = <span class="hljs-type">Packet</span>(version: packet.version, typeId: packet.typeId, kind: pkOperator)
packet.lengthTypeId = bits[i]
inc i
check
<span class="hljs-keyword">var</span> maxBits: <span class="hljs-built_in">int</span>
<span class="hljs-keyword">if</span> packet.lengthTypeId == <span class="hljs-string">'0'</span>:
i += bits.parseBin(packet.totBits, start=i, maxLen=<span class="hljs-number">15</span>)
check
maxBits = i + packet.totBits
packet.numPackets = <span class="hljs-number">100</span>
<span class="hljs-keyword">else</span>:
i += bits.parseBin(packet.numPackets, start=i, maxLen=<span class="hljs-number">11</span>)
check
maxBits = <span class="hljs-built_in">int</span>.<span class="hljs-keyword">high</span>
<span class="hljs-comment"># debugEcho "i: ", i, "; maxBits: ", maxBits, "; numPackets: ", packet.numPackets</span>