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Lesson 6 - Simple Arithmetic in C++.md

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Lesson #6: Simple Arithmetic in C++

Objective:

To introduce students to basic arithmetic operations in C++ and demonstrate how to perform calculations using variables and constants.

Duration:

30 minutes

Activity Breakdown:

  1. Introduction with Real-World Analogy (3 minutes)
    • Begin with a relatable scenario: “Imagine you have 5 candies. You give 2 to your friend. How many do you have left?” (Expect answers.)
    • Transition: “In C++, we can do these kinds of calculations using arithmetic operations.”
  1. Explaining Basic Arithmetic Operators (6 minutes)
    • Write down and explain each operator on the whiteboard:
      • + Addition
      • - Subtraction
      • * Multiplication
      • / Division
      • % Modulus (remainder of a division)
    • Demonstrate using basic examples: 
      int candies = 5;
candies = candies - 2; // This equals 3
  1. Demonstrating Calculations (7 minutes)
    • Live demonstration on the computer, typing out various calculations, including using variables and constants.
    • Show the difference between division results with int and double (to touch on the concept of type again and integer division). 
      int a = 10;
int b = 3;
int result = a / b;  // This will be 3

double x = 10.0;
double y = 3.0;
double fraction = x / y;  // This will be approximately 3.33
  1. Interactive Activity: Math Quizzes (6 minutes)
    • Hand out printed sheets with math problems written in plain English. For example:
      • "You have 8 apples. You eat 3. How many are left?"
      • "There are 6 boxes, each with 4 toys. How many toys are there in total?"
    • Ask students to translate these into C++ code and find the answer.
  1. Discussing the Modulus Operator (4 minutes)
    • Highlight the % operator and explain with examples: 
      int remainder = 11 % 4;  // This equals 3
    • Relate to real-world scenarios: "If you have 11 candies and want to share them equally among 4 friends, 3 candies will remain after giving an equal share to each."
  1. Group Exercise: Modulus Puzzles (2 minutes)
    • Provide small groups with problems that involve finding remainders. For example, "14 students want to form teams of 5 for a game. How many students won't be in a full team?"
    • Have groups share their answers and C++ code.
  1. Wrap-Up and Homework Assignment (2 minutes)
    • Summarize: “Today, we explored how to do math in C++ using various operators. We can add, subtract, multiply, divide, and even find remainders!”
    • Homework:
      • "Think of a fun activity or scenario, like baking cookies or planning a party. Write down at least five arithmetic problems related to your activity, translate them to C++, and solve them. For instance, 'If one batch of cookies needs 3 cups of flour and you want to make 4 batches, how much flour do you need in total?'"

With the end of this lesson, students should feel comfortable performing basic arithmetic operations in C++ and understand the significance of the modulus operator.