jpge.cpp

// jpge.cpp - C++ class for JPEG compression. Richard Geldreich <richgel99@gmail.com>
// Supports grayscale, H1V1, H2V1, and H2V2 chroma subsampling factors, one or two pass Huffman table optimization, libjpeg-style quality 1-100 quality factors.
// Also supports using luma quantization tables for chroma.
//
// Released under two licenses. You are free to choose which license you want:
// License 1: 
// Public Domain
//
// License 2:
// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
// You may obtain a copy of the License at
//
//    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
//
// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
// limitations under the License.
//
// v1.01, Dec. 18, 2010 - Initial release
// v1.02, Apr. 6, 2011 - Removed 2x2 ordered dither in H2V1 chroma subsampling method load_block_16_8_8(). (The rounding factor was 2, when it should have been 1. Either way, it wasn't helping.)
// v1.03, Apr. 16, 2011 - Added support for optimized Huffman code tables, optimized dynamic memory allocation down to only 1 alloc.
//                        Also from Alex Evans: Added RGBA support, linear memory allocator (no longer needed in v1.03).
// v1.04, May. 19, 2012: Forgot to set m_pFile ptr to NULL in cfile_stream::close(). Thanks to Owen Kaluza for reporting this bug.
//                       Code tweaks to fix VS2008 static code analysis warnings (all looked harmless).
//                       Code review revealed method load_block_16_8_8() (used for the non-default H2V1 sampling mode to downsample chroma) somehow didn't get the rounding factor fix from v1.02.
// v1.05, March 25, 2020: Added Apache 2.0 alternate license

#include "jpge.h"

#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <malloc.h>

#define JPGE_MAX(a,b) (((a)>(b))?(a):(b))
#define JPGE_MIN(a,b) (((a)<(b))?(a):(b))

namespace jpge {

	static inline void* jpge_malloc(size_t nSize) { return malloc(nSize); }
	static inline void jpge_free(void* p) { free(p); }

	// Various JPEG enums and tables.
	enum { M_SOF0 = 0xC0, M_DHT = 0xC4, M_SOI = 0xD8, M_EOI = 0xD9, M_SOS = 0xDA, M_DQT = 0xDB, M_APP0 = 0xE0 };
	enum { DC_LUM_CODES = 12, AC_LUM_CODES = 256, DC_CHROMA_CODES = 12, AC_CHROMA_CODES = 256, MAX_HUFF_SYMBOLS = 257, MAX_HUFF_CODESIZE = 32 };

	static uint8 s_zag[64] = { 0,1,8,16,9,2,3,10,17,24,32,25,18,11,4,5,12,19,26,33,40,48,41,34,27,20,13,6,7,14,21,28,35,42,49,56,57,50,43,36,29,22,15,23,30,37,44,51,58,59,52,45,38,31,39,46,53,60,61,54,47,55,62,63 };
	static int16 s_std_lum_quant[64] = { 16,11,12,14,12,10,16,14,13,14,18,17,16,19,24,40,26,24,22,22,24,49,35,37,29,40,58,51,61,60,57,51,56,55,64,72,92,78,64,68,87,69,55,56,80,109,81,87,95,98,103,104,103,62,77,113,121,112,100,120,92,101,103,99 };
	static int16 s_std_croma_quant[64] = { 17,18,18,24,21,24,47,26,26,47,99,66,56,66,99,99,99,99,99,99,99,99,99,99,99,99,99,99,99,99,99,99,99,99,99,99,99,99,99,99,99,99,99,99,99,99,99,99,99,99,99,99,99,99,99,99,99,99,99,99,99,99,99,99 };

	// Table from http://www.imagemagick.org/discourse-server/viewtopic.php?f=22&t=20333&p=98008#p98008
	// This is mozjpeg's default table, in zag order.
	static int16 s_alt_quant[64] = { 16,16,16,16,17,16,18,20,20,18,25,27,24,27,25,37,34,31,31,34,37,56,40,43,40,43,40,56,85,53,62,53,53,62,53,85,75,91,74,69,74,91,75,135,106,94,94,106,135,156,131,124,131,156,189,169,169,189,238,226,238,311,311,418 };

	static uint8 s_dc_lum_bits[17] = { 0,0,1,5,1,1,1,1,1,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0 };
	static uint8 s_dc_lum_val[DC_LUM_CODES] = { 0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11 };
	static uint8 s_ac_lum_bits[17] = { 0,0,2,1,3,3,2,4,3,5,5,4,4,0,0,1,0x7d };
	static uint8 s_ac_lum_val[AC_LUM_CODES] =
	{
	  0x01,0x02,0x03,0x00,0x04,0x11,0x05,0x12,0x21,0x31,0x41,0x06,0x13,0x51,0x61,0x07,0x22,0x71,0x14,0x32,0x81,0x91,0xa1,0x08,0x23,0x42,0xb1,0xc1,0x15,0x52,0xd1,0xf0,
	  0x24,0x33,0x62,0x72,0x82,0x09,0x0a,0x16,0x17,0x18,0x19,0x1a,0x25,0x26,0x27,0x28,0x29,0x2a,0x34,0x35,0x36,0x37,0x38,0x39,0x3a,0x43,0x44,0x45,0x46,0x47,0x48,0x49,
	  0x4a,0x53,0x54,0x55,0x56,0x57,0x58,0x59,0x5a,0x63,0x64,0x65,0x66,0x67,0x68,0x69,0x6a,0x73,0x74,0x75,0x76,0x77,0x78,0x79,0x7a,0x83,0x84,0x85,0x86,0x87,0x88,0x89,
	  0x8a,0x92,0x93,0x94,0x95,0x96,0x97,0x98,0x99,0x9a,0xa2,0xa3,0xa4,0xa5,0xa6,0xa7,0xa8,0xa9,0xaa,0xb2,0xb3,0xb4,0xb5,0xb6,0xb7,0xb8,0xb9,0xba,0xc2,0xc3,0xc4,0xc5,
	  0xc6,0xc7,0xc8,0xc9,0xca,0xd2,0xd3,0xd4,0xd5,0xd6,0xd7,0xd8,0xd9,0xda,0xe1,0xe2,0xe3,0xe4,0xe5,0xe6,0xe7,0xe8,0xe9,0xea,0xf1,0xf2,0xf3,0xf4,0xf5,0xf6,0xf7,0xf8,
	  0xf9,0xfa
	};
	static uint8 s_dc_chroma_bits[17] = { 0,0,3,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,0,0,0,0,0 };
	static uint8 s_dc_chroma_val[DC_CHROMA_CODES] = { 0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11 };
	static uint8 s_ac_chroma_bits[17] = { 0,0,2,1,2,4,4,3,4,7,5,4,4,0,1,2,0x77 };
	static uint8 s_ac_chroma_val[AC_CHROMA_CODES] =
	{
	  0x00,0x01,0x02,0x03,0x11,0x04,0x05,0x21,0x31,0x06,0x12,0x41,0x51,0x07,0x61,0x71,0x13,0x22,0x32,0x81,0x08,0x14,0x42,0x91,0xa1,0xb1,0xc1,0x09,0x23,0x33,0x52,0xf0,
	  0x15,0x62,0x72,0xd1,0x0a,0x16,0x24,0x34,0xe1,0x25,0xf1,0x17,0x18,0x19,0x1a,0x26,0x27,0x28,0x29,0x2a,0x35,0x36,0x37,0x38,0x39,0x3a,0x43,0x44,0x45,0x46,0x47,0x48,
	  0x49,0x4a,0x53,0x54,0x55,0x56,0x57,0x58,0x59,0x5a,0x63,0x64,0x65,0x66,0x67,0x68,0x69,0x6a,0x73,0x74,0x75,0x76,0x77,0x78,0x79,0x7a,0x82,0x83,0x84,0x85,0x86,0x87,
	  0x88,0x89,0x8a,0x92,0x93,0x94,0x95,0x96,0x97,0x98,0x99,0x9a,0xa2,0xa3,0xa4,0xa5,0xa6,0xa7,0xa8,0xa9,0xaa,0xb2,0xb3,0xb4,0xb5,0xb6,0xb7,0xb8,0xb9,0xba,0xc2,0xc3,
	  0xc4,0xc5,0xc6,0xc7,0xc8,0xc9,0xca,0xd2,0xd3,0xd4,0xd5,0xd6,0xd7,0xd8,0xd9,0xda,0xe2,0xe3,0xe4,0xe5,0xe6,0xe7,0xe8,0xe9,0xea,0xf2,0xf3,0xf4,0xf5,0xf6,0xf7,0xf8,
	  0xf9,0xfa
	};

	// Low-level helper functions.
	template <class T> inline void clear_obj(T& obj) { memset(&obj, 0, sizeof(obj)); }

	const int YR = 19595, YG = 38470, YB = 7471, CB_R = -11059, CB_G = -21709, CB_B = 32768, CR_R = 32768, CR_G = -27439, CR_B = -5329;
	static inline uint8 clamp(int i) { if (static_cast<uint>(i) > 255U) { if (i < 0) i = 0; else if (i > 255) i = 255; } return static_cast<uint8>(i); }

	static inline int left_shifti(int val, uint32 bits)
	{
		return static_cast<int>(static_cast<uint32>(val) << bits);
	}

	static void RGB_to_YCC(uint8* pDst, const uint8* pSrc, int num_pixels)
	{
		for (; num_pixels; pDst += 3, pSrc += 3, num_pixels--)
		{
			const int r = pSrc[0], g = pSrc[1], b = pSrc[2];
			pDst[0] = static_cast<uint8>((r * YR + g * YG + b * YB + 32768) >> 16);
			pDst[1] = clamp(128 + ((r * CB_R + g * CB_G + b * CB_B + 32768) >> 16));
			pDst[2] = clamp(128 + ((r * CR_R + g * CR_G + b * CR_B + 32768) >> 16));
		}
	}

	static void RGB_to_Y(uint8* pDst, const uint8* pSrc, int num_pixels)
	{
		for (; num_pixels; pDst++, pSrc += 3, num_pixels--)
			pDst[0] = static_cast<uint8>((pSrc[0] * YR + pSrc[1] * YG + pSrc[2] * YB + 32768) >> 16);
	}

	static void RGBA_to_YCC(uint8* pDst, const uint8* pSrc, int num_pixels)
	{
		for (; num_pixels; pDst += 3, pSrc += 4, num_pixels--)
		{
			const int r = pSrc[0], g = pSrc[1], b = pSrc[2];
			pDst[0] = static_cast<uint8>((r * YR + g * YG + b * YB + 32768) >> 16);
			pDst[1] = clamp(128 + ((r * CB_R + g * CB_G + b * CB_B + 32768) >> 16));
			pDst[2] = clamp(128 + ((r * CR_R + g * CR_G + b * CR_B + 32768) >> 16));
		}
	}

	static void RGBA_to_Y(uint8* pDst, const uint8* pSrc, int num_pixels)
	{
		for (; num_pixels; pDst++, pSrc += 4, num_pixels--)
			pDst[0] = static_cast<uint8>((pSrc[0] * YR + pSrc[1] * YG + pSrc[2] * YB + 32768) >> 16);
	}

	static void Y_to_YCC(uint8* pDst, const uint8* pSrc, int num_pixels)
	{
		for (; num_pixels; pDst += 3, pSrc++, num_pixels--) { pDst[0] = pSrc[0]; pDst[1] = 128; pDst[2] = 128; }
	}

	// Forward DCT - DCT derived from jfdctint.
	enum { CONST_BITS = 13, ROW_BITS = 2 };
#define DCT_DESCALE(x, n) (((x) + (((int32)1) << ((n) - 1))) >> (n))
#define DCT_MUL(var, c) (static_cast<int16>(var) * static_cast<int32>(c))
#define DCT1D(s0, s1, s2, s3, s4, s5, s6, s7) \
  int32 t0 = s0 + s7, t7 = s0 - s7, t1 = s1 + s6, t6 = s1 - s6, t2 = s2 + s5, t5 = s2 - s5, t3 = s3 + s4, t4 = s3 - s4; \
  int32 t10 = t0 + t3, t13 = t0 - t3, t11 = t1 + t2, t12 = t1 - t2; \
  int32 u1 = DCT_MUL(t12 + t13, 4433); \
  s2 = u1 + DCT_MUL(t13, 6270); \
  s6 = u1 + DCT_MUL(t12, -15137); \
  u1 = t4 + t7; \
  int32 u2 = t5 + t6, u3 = t4 + t6, u4 = t5 + t7; \
  int32 z5 = DCT_MUL(u3 + u4, 9633); \
  t4 = DCT_MUL(t4, 2446); t5 = DCT_MUL(t5, 16819); \
  t6 = DCT_MUL(t6, 25172); t7 = DCT_MUL(t7, 12299); \
  u1 = DCT_MUL(u1, -7373); u2 = DCT_MUL(u2, -20995); \
  u3 = DCT_MUL(u3, -16069); u4 = DCT_MUL(u4, -3196); \
  u3 += z5; u4 += z5; \
  s0 = t10 + t11; s1 = t7 + u1 + u4; s3 = t6 + u2 + u3; s4 = t10 - t11; s5 = t5 + u2 + u4; s7 = t4 + u1 + u3;

	static void DCT2D(int32* p)
	{
		int32 c, * q = p;
		for (c = 7; c >= 0; c--, q += 8)
		{
			int32 s0 = q[0], s1 = q[1], s2 = q[2], s3 = q[3], s4 = q[4], s5 = q[5], s6 = q[6], s7 = q[7];
			DCT1D(s0, s1, s2, s3, s4, s5, s6, s7);
			q[0] = left_shifti(s0, ROW_BITS); q[1] = DCT_DESCALE(s1, CONST_BITS - ROW_BITS); q[2] = DCT_DESCALE(s2, CONST_BITS - ROW_BITS); q[3] = DCT_DESCALE(s3, CONST_BITS - ROW_BITS);
			q[4] = left_shifti(s4, ROW_BITS); q[5] = DCT_DESCALE(s5, CONST_BITS - ROW_BITS); q[6] = DCT_DESCALE(s6, CONST_BITS - ROW_BITS); q[7] = DCT_DESCALE(s7, CONST_BITS - ROW_BITS);
		}
		for (q = p, c = 7; c >= 0; c--, q++)
		{
			int32 s0 = q[0 * 8], s1 = q[1 * 8], s2 = q[2 * 8], s3 = q[3 * 8], s4 = q[4 * 8], s5 = q[5 * 8], s6 = q[6 * 8], s7 = q[7 * 8];
			DCT1D(s0, s1, s2, s3, s4, s5, s6, s7);
			q[0 * 8] = DCT_DESCALE(s0, ROW_BITS + 3); q[1 * 8] = DCT_DESCALE(s1, CONST_BITS + ROW_BITS + 3); q[2 * 8] = DCT_DESCALE(s2, CONST_BITS + ROW_BITS + 3); q[3 * 8] = DCT_DESCALE(s3, CONST_BITS + ROW_BITS + 3);
			q[4 * 8] = DCT_DESCALE(s4, ROW_BITS + 3); q[5 * 8] = DCT_DESCALE(s5, CONST_BITS + ROW_BITS + 3); q[6 * 8] = DCT_DESCALE(s6, CONST_BITS + ROW_BITS + 3); q[7 * 8] = DCT_DESCALE(s7, CONST_BITS + ROW_BITS + 3);
		}
	}

	struct sym_freq { uint m_key, m_sym_index; };

	// Radix sorts sym_freq[] array by 32-bit key m_key. Returns ptr to sorted values.
	static inline sym_freq* radix_sort_syms(uint num_syms, sym_freq* pSyms0, sym_freq* pSyms1)
	{
		const uint cMaxPasses = 4;
		uint32 hist[256 * cMaxPasses]; clear_obj(hist);
		for (uint i = 0; i < num_syms; i++) { uint freq = pSyms0[i].m_key; hist[freq & 0xFF]++; hist[256 + ((freq >> 8) & 0xFF)]++; hist[256 * 2 + ((freq >> 16) & 0xFF)]++; hist[256 * 3 + ((freq >> 24) & 0xFF)]++; }
		sym_freq* pCur_syms = pSyms0, * pNew_syms = pSyms1;
		uint total_passes = cMaxPasses; while ((total_passes > 1) && (num_syms == hist[(total_passes - 1) * 256])) total_passes--;
		for (uint pass_shift = 0, pass = 0; pass < total_passes; pass++, pass_shift += 8)
		{
			const uint32* pHist = &hist[pass << 8];
			uint offsets[256], cur_ofs = 0;
			for (uint i = 0; i < 256; i++) { offsets[i] = cur_ofs; cur_ofs += pHist[i]; }
			for (uint i = 0; i < num_syms; i++)
				pNew_syms[offsets[(pCur_syms[i].m_key >> pass_shift) & 0xFF]++] = pCur_syms[i];
			sym_freq* t = pCur_syms; pCur_syms = pNew_syms; pNew_syms = t;
		}
		return pCur_syms;
	}

	// calculate_minimum_redundancy() originally written by: Alistair Moffat, alistair@cs.mu.oz.au, Jyrki Katajainen, jyrki@diku.dk, November 1996.
	static void calculate_minimum_redundancy(sym_freq* A, int n)
	{
		int root, leaf, next, avbl, used, dpth;
		if (n == 0) return; else if (n == 1) { A[0].m_key = 1; return; }
		A[0].m_key += A[1].m_key; root = 0; leaf = 2;
		for (next = 1; next < n - 1; next++)
		{
			if (leaf >= n || A[root].m_key < A[leaf].m_key) { A[next].m_key = A[root].m_key; A[root++].m_key = next; }
			else A[next].m_key = A[leaf++].m_key;
			if (leaf >= n || (root < next && A[root].m_key < A[leaf].m_key)) { A[next].m_key += A[root].m_key; A[root++].m_key = next; }
			else A[next].m_key += A[leaf++].m_key;
		}
		A[n - 2].m_key = 0;
		for (next = n - 3; next >= 0; next--) A[next].m_key = A[A[next].m_key].m_key + 1;
		avbl = 1; used = dpth = 0; root = n - 2; next = n - 1;
		while (avbl > 0)
		{
			while (root >= 0 && (int)A[root].m_key == dpth) { used++; root--; }
			while (avbl > used) { A[next--].m_key = dpth; avbl--; }
			avbl = 2 * used; dpth++; used = 0;
		}
	}

	// Limits canonical Huffman code table's max code size to max_code_size.
	static void huffman_enforce_max_code_size(int* pNum_codes, int code_list_len, int max_code_size)
	{
		if (code_list_len <= 1) return;

		for (int i = max_code_size + 1; i <= MAX_HUFF_CODESIZE; i++) pNum_codes[max_code_size] += pNum_codes[i];

		uint32 total = 0;
		for (int i = max_code_size; i > 0; i--)
			total += (((uint32)pNum_codes[i]) << (max_code_size - i));

		while (total != (1UL << max_code_size))
		{
			pNum_codes[max_code_size]--;
			for (int i = max_code_size - 1; i > 0; i--)
			{
				if (pNum_codes[i]) { pNum_codes[i]--; pNum_codes[i + 1] += 2; break; }
			}
			total--;
		}
	}

	// Generates an optimized offman table.
	void jpeg_encoder::optimize_huffman_table(int table_num, int table_len)
	{
		sym_freq syms0[MAX_HUFF_SYMBOLS], syms1[MAX_HUFF_SYMBOLS];
		syms0[0].m_key = 1; syms0[0].m_sym_index = 0;  // dummy symbol, assures that no valid code contains all 1's
		int num_used_syms = 1;
		const uint32* pSym_count = &m_huff_count[table_num][0];
		for (int i = 0; i < table_len; i++)
			if (pSym_count[i]) { syms0[num_used_syms].m_key = pSym_count[i]; syms0[num_used_syms++].m_sym_index = i + 1; }
		sym_freq* pSyms = radix_sort_syms(num_used_syms, syms0, syms1);
		calculate_minimum_redundancy(pSyms, num_used_syms);

		// Count the # of symbols of each code size.
		int num_codes[1 + MAX_HUFF_CODESIZE]; clear_obj(num_codes);
		for (int i = 0; i < num_used_syms; i++)
			num_codes[pSyms[i].m_key]++;

		const uint JPGE_CODE_SIZE_LIMIT = 16; // the maximum possible size of a JPEG Huffman code (valid range is [9,16] - 9 vs. 8 because of the dummy symbol)
		huffman_enforce_max_code_size(num_codes, num_used_syms, JPGE_CODE_SIZE_LIMIT);

		// Compute m_huff_bits array, which contains the # of symbols per code size.
		clear_obj(m_huff_bits[table_num]);
		for (int i = 1; i <= (int)JPGE_CODE_SIZE_LIMIT; i++)
			m_huff_bits[table_num][i] = static_cast<uint8>(num_codes[i]);

		// Remove the dummy symbol added above, which must be in largest bucket.
		for (int i = JPGE_CODE_SIZE_LIMIT; i >= 1; i--)
		{
			if (m_huff_bits[table_num][i]) { m_huff_bits[table_num][i]--; break; }
		}

		// Compute the m_huff_val array, which contains the symbol indices sorted by code size (smallest to largest).
		for (int i = num_used_syms - 1; i >= 1; i--)
			m_huff_val[table_num][num_used_syms - 1 - i] = static_cast<uint8>(pSyms[i].m_sym_index - 1);
	}

	// JPEG marker generation.
	void jpeg_encoder::emit_byte(uint8 i)
	{
		m_all_stream_writes_succeeded = m_all_stream_writes_succeeded && m_pStream->put_obj(i);
	}

	void jpeg_encoder::emit_word(uint i)
	{
		emit_byte(uint8(i >> 8)); emit_byte(uint8(i & 0xFF));
	}

	void jpeg_encoder::emit_marker(int marker)
	{
		emit_byte(uint8(0xFF)); emit_byte(uint8(marker));
	}

	// Emit JFIF marker
	void jpeg_encoder::emit_jfif_app0()
	{
		emit_marker(M_APP0);
		emit_word(2 + 4 + 1 + 2 + 1 + 2 + 2 + 1 + 1);
		emit_byte(0x4A); emit_byte(0x46); emit_byte(0x49); emit_byte(0x46); /* Identifier: ASCII "JFIF" */
		emit_byte(0);
		emit_byte(1);      /* Major version */
		emit_byte(1);      /* Minor version */
		emit_byte(0);      /* Density unit */
		emit_word(1);
		emit_word(1);
		emit_byte(0);      /* No thumbnail image */
		emit_byte(0);
	}

	// Emit quantization tables
	void jpeg_encoder::emit_dqt()
	{
		for (int i = 0; i < ((m_num_components == 3) ? 2 : 1); i++)
		{
			emit_marker(M_DQT);
			emit_word(64 + 1 + 2);
			emit_byte(static_cast<uint8>(i));
			for (int j = 0; j < 64; j++)
				emit_byte(static_cast<uint8>(m_quantization_tables[i][j]));
		}
	}

	// Emit start of frame marker
	void jpeg_encoder::emit_sof()
	{
		emit_marker(M_SOF0);                           /* baseline */
		emit_word(3 * m_num_components + 2 + 5 + 1);
		emit_byte(8);                                  /* precision */
		emit_word(m_image_y);
		emit_word(m_image_x);
		emit_byte(m_num_components);
		for (int i = 0; i < m_num_components; i++)
		{
			emit_byte(static_cast<uint8>(i + 1));                                   /* component ID     */
			emit_byte((m_comp_h_samp[i] << 4) + m_comp_v_samp[i]);  /* h and v sampling */
			emit_byte(i > 0);                                   /* quant. table num */
		}
	}

	// Emit Huffman table.
	void jpeg_encoder::emit_dht(uint8* bits, uint8* val, int index, bool ac_flag)
	{
		emit_marker(M_DHT);

		int length = 0;
		for (int i = 1; i <= 16; i++)
			length += bits[i];

		emit_word(length + 2 + 1 + 16);
		emit_byte(static_cast<uint8>(index + (ac_flag << 4)));

		for (int i = 1; i <= 16; i++)
			emit_byte(bits[i]);

		for (int i = 0; i < length; i++)
			emit_byte(val[i]);
	}

	// Emit all Huffman tables.
	void jpeg_encoder::emit_dhts()
	{
		emit_dht(m_huff_bits[0 + 0], m_huff_val[0 + 0], 0, false);
		emit_dht(m_huff_bits[2 + 0], m_huff_val[2 + 0], 0, true);
		if (m_num_components == 3)
		{
			emit_dht(m_huff_bits[0 + 1], m_huff_val[0 + 1], 1, false);
			emit_dht(m_huff_bits[2 + 1], m_huff_val[2 + 1], 1, true);
		}
	}

	// emit start of scan
	void jpeg_encoder::emit_sos()
	{
		emit_marker(M_SOS);
		emit_word(2 * m_num_components + 2 + 1 + 3);
		emit_byte(m_num_components);
		for (int i = 0; i < m_num_components; i++)
		{
			emit_byte(static_cast<uint8>(i + 1));
			if (i == 0)
				emit_byte((0 << 4) + 0);
			else
				emit_byte((1 << 4) + 1);
		}
		emit_byte(0);     /* spectral selection */
		emit_byte(63);
		emit_byte(0);
	}

	// Emit all markers at beginning of image file.
	void jpeg_encoder::emit_markers()
	{
		emit_marker(M_SOI);
		emit_jfif_app0();
		emit_dqt();
		emit_sof();
		emit_dhts();
		emit_sos();
	}

	// Compute the actual canonical Huffman codes/code sizes given the JPEG huff bits and val arrays.
	void jpeg_encoder::compute_huffman_table(uint* codes, uint8* code_sizes, uint8* bits, uint8* val)
	{
		int i, l, last_p, si;
		uint8 huff_size[257];
		uint huff_code[257];
		uint code;

		int p = 0;
		for (l = 1; l <= 16; l++)
			for (i = 1; i <= bits[l]; i++)
				huff_size[p++] = (char)l;

		huff_size[p] = 0; last_p = p; // write sentinel

		code = 0; si = huff_size[0]; p = 0;

		while (huff_size[p])
		{
			while (huff_size[p] == si)
				huff_code[p++] = code++;
			code <<= 1;
			si++;
		}

		memset(codes, 0, sizeof(codes[0]) * 256);
		memset(code_sizes, 0, sizeof(code_sizes[0]) * 256);
		for (p = 0; p < last_p; p++)
		{
			codes[val[p]] = huff_code[p];
			code_sizes[val[p]] = huff_size[p];
		}
	}

	// Quantization table generation.
	void jpeg_encoder::compute_quant_table(int32* pDst, int16* pSrc)
	{
		int32 q;
		if (m_params.m_quality < 50)
			q = 5000 / m_params.m_quality;
		else
			q = 200 - m_params.m_quality * 2;
		for (int i = 0; i < 64; i++)
		{
			int32 j = *pSrc++; j = (j * q + 50L) / 100L;
			*pDst++ = JPGE_MIN(JPGE_MAX(j, 1), 255);
		}
	}

	// Higher-level methods.
	void jpeg_encoder::first_pass_init()
	{
		m_bit_buffer = 0; m_bits_in = 0;
		memset(m_last_dc_val, 0, 3 * sizeof(m_last_dc_val[0]));
		m_mcu_y_ofs = 0;
		m_pass_num = 1;
	}

	bool jpeg_encoder::second_pass_init()
	{
		compute_huffman_table(&m_huff_codes[0 + 0][0], &m_huff_code_sizes[0 + 0][0], m_huff_bits[0 + 0], m_huff_val[0 + 0]);
		compute_huffman_table(&m_huff_codes[2 + 0][0], &m_huff_code_sizes[2 + 0][0], m_huff_bits[2 + 0], m_huff_val[2 + 0]);
		if (m_num_components > 1)
		{
			compute_huffman_table(&m_huff_codes[0 + 1][0], &m_huff_code_sizes[0 + 1][0], m_huff_bits[0 + 1], m_huff_val[0 + 1]);
			compute_huffman_table(&m_huff_codes[2 + 1][0], &m_huff_code_sizes[2 + 1][0], m_huff_bits[2 + 1], m_huff_val[2 + 1]);
		}
		first_pass_init();
		emit_markers();
		m_pass_num = 2;
		return true;
	}

	bool jpeg_encoder::jpg_open(int p_x_res, int p_y_res, int src_channels)
	{
		m_num_components = 3;
		switch (m_params.m_subsampling)
		{
		case Y_ONLY:
		{
			m_num_components = 1;
			m_comp_h_samp[0] = 1; m_comp_v_samp[0] = 1;
			m_mcu_x = 8; m_mcu_y = 8;
			break;
		}
		case H1V1:
		{
			m_comp_h_samp[0] = 1; m_comp_v_samp[0] = 1;
			m_comp_h_samp[1] = 1; m_comp_v_samp[1] = 1;
			m_comp_h_samp[2] = 1; m_comp_v_samp[2] = 1;
			m_mcu_x = 8; m_mcu_y = 8;
			break;
		}
		case H2V1:
		{
			m_comp_h_samp[0] = 2; m_comp_v_samp[0] = 1;
			m_comp_h_samp[1] = 1; m_comp_v_samp[1] = 1;
			m_comp_h_samp[2] = 1; m_comp_v_samp[2] = 1;
			m_mcu_x = 16; m_mcu_y = 8;
			break;
		}
		case H2V2:
		{
			m_comp_h_samp[0] = 2; m_comp_v_samp[0] = 2;
			m_comp_h_samp[1] = 1; m_comp_v_samp[1] = 1;
			m_comp_h_samp[2] = 1; m_comp_v_samp[2] = 1;
			m_mcu_x = 16; m_mcu_y = 16;
		}
		}

		m_image_x = p_x_res; m_image_y = p_y_res;
		m_image_bpp = src_channels;
		m_image_bpl = m_image_x * src_channels;
		m_image_x_mcu = (m_image_x + m_mcu_x - 1) & (~(m_mcu_x - 1));
		m_image_y_mcu = (m_image_y + m_mcu_y - 1) & (~(m_mcu_y - 1));
		m_image_bpl_xlt = m_image_x * m_num_components;
		m_image_bpl_mcu = m_image_x_mcu * m_num_components;
		m_mcus_per_row = m_image_x_mcu / m_mcu_x;

		if ((m_mcu_lines[0] = static_cast<uint8*>(jpge_malloc(m_image_bpl_mcu * m_mcu_y))) == NULL) return false;
		for (int i = 1; i < m_mcu_y; i++)
			m_mcu_lines[i] = m_mcu_lines[i - 1] + m_image_bpl_mcu;

		if (m_params.m_use_std_tables)
		{
			compute_quant_table(m_quantization_tables[0], s_std_lum_quant);
			compute_quant_table(m_quantization_tables[1], m_params.m_no_chroma_discrim_flag ? s_std_lum_quant : s_std_croma_quant);
		}
		else
		{
			compute_quant_table(m_quantization_tables[0], s_alt_quant);
			memcpy(m_quantization_tables[1], m_quantization_tables[0], sizeof(m_quantization_tables[1]));
		}

		m_out_buf_left = JPGE_OUT_BUF_SIZE;
		m_pOut_buf = m_out_buf;

		if (m_params.m_two_pass_flag)
		{
			clear_obj(m_huff_count);
			first_pass_init();
		}
		else
		{
			memcpy(m_huff_bits[0 + 0], s_dc_lum_bits, 17);    memcpy(m_huff_val[0 + 0], s_dc_lum_val, DC_LUM_CODES);
			memcpy(m_huff_bits[2 + 0], s_ac_lum_bits, 17);    memcpy(m_huff_val[2 + 0], s_ac_lum_val, AC_LUM_CODES);
			memcpy(m_huff_bits[0 + 1], s_dc_chroma_bits, 17); memcpy(m_huff_val[0 + 1], s_dc_chroma_val, DC_CHROMA_CODES);
			memcpy(m_huff_bits[2 + 1], s_ac_chroma_bits, 17); memcpy(m_huff_val[2 + 1], s_ac_chroma_val, AC_CHROMA_CODES);
			if (!second_pass_init()) return false;   // in effect, skip over the first pass
		}
		return m_all_stream_writes_succeeded;
	}

	void jpeg_encoder::load_block_8_8_grey(int x)
	{
		uint8* pSrc;
		sample_array_t* pDst = m_sample_array;
		x <<= 3;
		for (int i = 0; i < 8; i++, pDst += 8)
		{
			pSrc = m_mcu_lines[i] + x;
			pDst[0] = pSrc[0] - 128; pDst[1] = pSrc[1] - 128; pDst[2] = pSrc[2] - 128; pDst[3] = pSrc[3] - 128;
			pDst[4] = pSrc[4] - 128; pDst[5] = pSrc[5] - 128; pDst[6] = pSrc[6] - 128; pDst[7] = pSrc[7] - 128;
		}
	}

	void jpeg_encoder::load_block_8_8(int x, int y, int c)
	{
		uint8* pSrc;
		sample_array_t* pDst = m_sample_array;
		x = (x * (8 * 3)) + c;
		y <<= 3;
		for (int i = 0; i < 8; i++, pDst += 8)
		{
			pSrc = m_mcu_lines[y + i] + x;
			pDst[0] = pSrc[0 * 3] - 128; pDst[1] = pSrc[1 * 3] - 128; pDst[2] = pSrc[2 * 3] - 128; pDst[3] = pSrc[3 * 3] - 128;
			pDst[4] = pSrc[4 * 3] - 128; pDst[5] = pSrc[5 * 3] - 128; pDst[6] = pSrc[6 * 3] - 128; pDst[7] = pSrc[7 * 3] - 128;
		}
	}

	void jpeg_encoder::load_block_16_8(int x, int c)
	{
		uint8* pSrc1, * pSrc2;
		sample_array_t* pDst = m_sample_array;
		x = (x * (16 * 3)) + c;
		for (int i = 0; i < 16; i += 2, pDst += 8)
		{
			pSrc1 = m_mcu_lines[i + 0] + x;
			pSrc2 = m_mcu_lines[i + 1] + x;
			pDst[0] = ((pSrc1[0 * 3] + pSrc1[1 * 3] + pSrc2[0 * 3] + pSrc2[1 * 3] + 2) >> 2) - 128; pDst[1] = ((pSrc1[2 * 3] + pSrc1[3 * 3] + pSrc2[2 * 3] + pSrc2[3 * 3] + 2) >> 2) - 128;
			pDst[2] = ((pSrc1[4 * 3] + pSrc1[5 * 3] + pSrc2[4 * 3] + pSrc2[5 * 3] + 2) >> 2) - 128; pDst[3] = ((pSrc1[6 * 3] + pSrc1[7 * 3] + pSrc2[6 * 3] + pSrc2[7 * 3] + 2) >> 2) - 128;
			pDst[4] = ((pSrc1[8 * 3] + pSrc1[9 * 3] + pSrc2[8 * 3] + pSrc2[9 * 3] + 2) >> 2) - 128; pDst[5] = ((pSrc1[10 * 3] + pSrc1[11 * 3] + pSrc2[10 * 3] + pSrc2[11 * 3] + 2) >> 2) - 128;
			pDst[6] = ((pSrc1[12 * 3] + pSrc1[13 * 3] + pSrc2[12 * 3] + pSrc2[13 * 3] + 2) >> 2) - 128; pDst[7] = ((pSrc1[14 * 3] + pSrc1[15 * 3] + pSrc2[14 * 3] + pSrc2[15 * 3] + 2) >> 2) - 128;
		}
	}

	void jpeg_encoder::load_block_16_8_8(int x, int c)
	{
		uint8* pSrc1;
		sample_array_t* pDst = m_sample_array;
		x = (x * (16 * 3)) + c;
		for (int i = 0; i < 8; i++, pDst += 8)
		{
			pSrc1 = m_mcu_lines[i + 0] + x;
			pDst[0] = ((pSrc1[0 * 3] + pSrc1[1 * 3] + 1) >> 1) - 128; pDst[1] = ((pSrc1[2 * 3] + pSrc1[3 * 3] + 1) >> 1) - 128;
			pDst[2] = ((pSrc1[4 * 3] + pSrc1[5 * 3] + 1) >> 1) - 128; pDst[3] = ((pSrc1[6 * 3] + pSrc1[7 * 3] + 1) >> 1) - 128;
			pDst[4] = ((pSrc1[8 * 3] + pSrc1[9 * 3] + 1) >> 1) - 128; pDst[5] = ((pSrc1[10 * 3] + pSrc1[11 * 3] + 1) >> 1) - 128;
			pDst[6] = ((pSrc1[12 * 3] + pSrc1[13 * 3] + 1) >> 1) - 128; pDst[7] = ((pSrc1[14 * 3] + pSrc1[15 * 3] + 1) >> 1) - 128;
		}
	}

	void jpeg_encoder::load_quantized_coefficients(int component_num)
	{
		int32* q = m_quantization_tables[component_num > 0];
		int16* pDst = m_coefficient_array;
		for (int i = 0; i < 64; i++)
		{
			sample_array_t j = m_sample_array[s_zag[i]];
			if (j < 0)
			{
				if ((j = -j + (*q >> 1)) < *q)
					*pDst++ = 0;
				else
					*pDst++ = static_cast<int16>(-(j / *q));
			}
			else
			{
				if ((j = j + (*q >> 1)) < *q)
					*pDst++ = 0;
				else
					*pDst++ = static_cast<int16>((j / *q));
			}
			q++;
		}
	}

	void jpeg_encoder::flush_output_buffer()
	{
		if (m_out_buf_left != JPGE_OUT_BUF_SIZE)
			m_all_stream_writes_succeeded = m_all_stream_writes_succeeded && m_pStream->put_buf(m_out_buf, JPGE_OUT_BUF_SIZE - m_out_buf_left);
		m_pOut_buf = m_out_buf;
		m_out_buf_left = JPGE_OUT_BUF_SIZE;
	}

	void jpeg_encoder::put_bits(uint bits, uint len)
	{
		m_bit_buffer |= ((uint32)bits << (24 - (m_bits_in += len)));
		while (m_bits_in >= 8)
		{
			uint8 c;
#define JPGE_PUT_BYTE(c) { *m_pOut_buf++ = (c); if (--m_out_buf_left == 0) flush_output_buffer(); }
			JPGE_PUT_BYTE(c = (uint8)((m_bit_buffer >> 16) & 0xFF));
			if (c == 0xFF) JPGE_PUT_BYTE(0);
			m_bit_buffer <<= 8;
			m_bits_in -= 8;
		}
	}

	void jpeg_encoder::code_coefficients_pass_one(int component_num)
	{
		if (component_num >= 3) return; // just to shut up static analysis
		int i, run_len, nbits, temp1;
		int16* src = m_coefficient_array;
		uint32* dc_count = component_num ? m_huff_count[0 + 1] : m_huff_count[0 + 0], * ac_count = component_num ? m_huff_count[2 + 1] : m_huff_count[2 + 0];

		temp1 = src[0] - m_last_dc_val[component_num];
		m_last_dc_val[component_num] = src[0];
		if (temp1 < 0) temp1 = -temp1;

		nbits = 0;
		while (temp1)
		{
			nbits++; temp1 >>= 1;
		}

		dc_count[nbits]++;
		for (run_len = 0, i = 1; i < 64; i++)
		{
			if ((temp1 = m_coefficient_array[i]) == 0)
				run_len++;
			else
			{
				while (run_len >= 16)
				{
					ac_count[0xF0]++;
					run_len -= 16;
				}
				if (temp1 < 0) temp1 = -temp1;
				nbits = 1;
				while (temp1 >>= 1) nbits++;
				ac_count[(run_len << 4) + nbits]++;
				run_len = 0;
			}
		}
		if (run_len) ac_count[0]++;
	}

	void jpeg_encoder::code_coefficients_pass_two(int component_num)
	{
		int i, j, run_len, nbits, temp1, temp2;
		int16* pSrc = m_coefficient_array;
		uint* codes[2];
		uint8* code_sizes[2];

		if (component_num == 0)
		{
			codes[0] = m_huff_codes[0 + 0]; codes[1] = m_huff_codes[2 + 0];
			code_sizes[0] = m_huff_code_sizes[0 + 0]; code_sizes[1] = m_huff_code_sizes[2 + 0];
		}
		else
		{
			codes[0] = m_huff_codes[0 + 1]; codes[1] = m_huff_codes[2 + 1];
			code_sizes[0] = m_huff_code_sizes[0 + 1]; code_sizes[1] = m_huff_code_sizes[2 + 1];
		}

		temp1 = temp2 = pSrc[0] - m_last_dc_val[component_num];
		m_last_dc_val[component_num] = pSrc[0];

		if (temp1 < 0)
		{
			temp1 = -temp1; temp2--;
		}

		nbits = 0;
		while (temp1)
		{
			nbits++; temp1 >>= 1;
		}

		put_bits(codes[0][nbits], code_sizes[0][nbits]);
		if (nbits) put_bits(temp2 & ((1 << nbits) - 1), nbits);

		for (run_len = 0, i = 1; i < 64; i++)
		{
			if ((temp1 = m_coefficient_array[i]) == 0)
				run_len++;
			else
			{
				while (run_len >= 16)
				{
					put_bits(codes[1][0xF0], code_sizes[1][0xF0]);
					run_len -= 16;
				}
				if ((temp2 = temp1) < 0)
				{
					temp1 = -temp1;
					temp2--;
				}
				nbits = 1;
				while (temp1 >>= 1)
					nbits++;
				j = (run_len << 4) + nbits;
				put_bits(codes[1][j], code_sizes[1][j]);
				put_bits(temp2 & ((1 << nbits) - 1), nbits);
				run_len = 0;
			}
		}
		if (run_len)
			put_bits(codes[1][0], code_sizes[1][0]);
	}

	void jpeg_encoder::code_block(int component_num)
	{
		DCT2D(m_sample_array);
		load_quantized_coefficients(component_num);
		if (m_pass_num == 1)
			code_coefficients_pass_one(component_num);
		else
			code_coefficients_pass_two(component_num);
	}

	void jpeg_encoder::process_mcu_row()
	{
		if (m_num_components == 1)
		{
			for (int i = 0; i < m_mcus_per_row; i++)
			{
				load_block_8_8_grey(i); code_block(0);
			}
		}
		else if ((m_comp_h_samp[0] == 1) && (m_comp_v_samp[0] == 1))
		{
			for (int i = 0; i < m_mcus_per_row; i++)
			{
				load_block_8_8(i, 0, 0); code_block(0); load_block_8_8(i, 0, 1); code_block(1); load_block_8_8(i, 0, 2); code_block(2);
			}
		}
		else if ((m_comp_h_samp[0] == 2) && (m_comp_v_samp[0] == 1))
		{
			for (int i = 0; i < m_mcus_per_row; i++)
			{
				load_block_8_8(i * 2 + 0, 0, 0); code_block(0); load_block_8_8(i * 2 + 1, 0, 0); code_block(0);
				load_block_16_8_8(i, 1); code_block(1); load_block_16_8_8(i, 2); code_block(2);
			}
		}
		else if ((m_comp_h_samp[0] == 2) && (m_comp_v_samp[0] == 2))
		{
			for (int i = 0; i < m_mcus_per_row; i++)
			{
				load_block_8_8(i * 2 + 0, 0, 0); code_block(0); load_block_8_8(i * 2 + 1, 0, 0); code_block(0);
				load_block_8_8(i * 2 + 0, 1, 0); code_block(0); load_block_8_8(i * 2 + 1, 1, 0); code_block(0);
				load_block_16_8(i, 1); code_block(1); load_block_16_8(i, 2); code_block(2);
			}
		}
	}

	bool jpeg_encoder::terminate_pass_one()
	{
		optimize_huffman_table(0 + 0, DC_LUM_CODES); optimize_huffman_table(2 + 0, AC_LUM_CODES);
		if (m_num_components > 1)
		{
			optimize_huffman_table(0 + 1, DC_CHROMA_CODES); optimize_huffman_table(2 + 1, AC_CHROMA_CODES);
		}
		return second_pass_init();
	}

	bool jpeg_encoder::terminate_pass_two()
	{
		put_bits(0x7F, 7);
		flush_output_buffer();
		emit_marker(M_EOI);
		m_pass_num++; // purposely bump up m_pass_num, for debugging
		return true;
	}

	bool jpeg_encoder::process_end_of_image()
	{
		if (m_mcu_y_ofs)
		{
			if (m_mcu_y_ofs < 16) // check here just to shut up static analysis
			{
				for (int i = m_mcu_y_ofs; i < m_mcu_y; i++)
					memcpy(m_mcu_lines[i], m_mcu_lines[m_mcu_y_ofs - 1], m_image_bpl_mcu);
			}

			process_mcu_row();
		}

		if (m_pass_num == 1)
			return terminate_pass_one();
		else
			return terminate_pass_two();
	}

	void jpeg_encoder::load_mcu(const void* pSrc)
	{
		const uint8* Psrc = reinterpret_cast<const uint8*>(pSrc);

		uint8* pDst = m_mcu_lines[m_mcu_y_ofs]; // OK to write up to m_image_bpl_xlt bytes to pDst

		if (m_num_components == 1)
		{
			if (m_image_bpp == 4)
				RGBA_to_Y(pDst, Psrc, m_image_x);
			else if (m_image_bpp == 3)
				RGB_to_Y(pDst, Psrc, m_image_x);
			else
				memcpy(pDst, Psrc, m_image_x);
		}
		else
		{
			if (m_image_bpp == 4)
				RGBA_to_YCC(pDst, Psrc, m_image_x);
			else if (m_image_bpp == 3)
				RGB_to_YCC(pDst, Psrc, m_image_x);
			else
				Y_to_YCC(pDst, Psrc, m_image_x);
		}

		// Possibly duplicate pixels at end of scanline if not a multiple of 8 or 16
		if (m_num_components == 1)
			memset(m_mcu_lines[m_mcu_y_ofs] + m_image_bpl_xlt, pDst[m_image_bpl_xlt - 1], m_image_x_mcu - m_image_x);
		else
		{
			const uint8 y = pDst[m_image_bpl_xlt - 3 + 0], cb = pDst[m_image_bpl_xlt - 3 + 1], cr = pDst[m_image_bpl_xlt - 3 + 2];
			uint8* q = m_mcu_lines[m_mcu_y_ofs] + m_image_bpl_xlt;
			for (int i = m_image_x; i < m_image_x_mcu; i++)
			{
				*q++ = y; *q++ = cb; *q++ = cr;
			}
		}

		if (++m_mcu_y_ofs == m_mcu_y)
		{
			process_mcu_row();
			m_mcu_y_ofs = 0;
		}
	}

	void jpeg_encoder::clear()
	{
		m_mcu_lines[0] = NULL;
		m_pass_num = 0;
		m_all_stream_writes_succeeded = true;
	}

	jpeg_encoder::jpeg_encoder()
	{
		clear();
	}

	jpeg_encoder::~jpeg_encoder()
	{
		deinit();
	}

	bool jpeg_encoder::init(output_stream* pStream, int width, int height, int src_channels, const params& comp_params)
	{
		deinit();
		if (((!pStream) || (width < 1) || (height < 1)) || ((src_channels != 1) && (src_channels != 3) && (src_channels != 4)) || (!comp_params.check())) return false;
		m_pStream = pStream;
		m_params = comp_params;
		return jpg_open(width, height, src_channels);
	}

	void jpeg_encoder::deinit()
	{
		jpge_free(m_mcu_lines[0]);
		clear();
	}

	bool jpeg_encoder::process_scanline(const void* pScanline)
	{
		if ((m_pass_num < 1) || (m_pass_num > 2)) return false;
		if (m_all_stream_writes_succeeded)
		{
			if (!pScanline)
			{
				if (!process_end_of_image()) return false;
			}
			else
			{
				load_mcu(pScanline);
			}
		}
		return m_all_stream_writes_succeeded;
	}

	// Higher level wrappers/examples (optional).
#include <stdio.h>

	class cfile_stream : public output_stream
	{
		cfile_stream(const cfile_stream&);
		cfile_stream& operator= (const cfile_stream&);

		FILE* m_pFile;
		bool m_bStatus;

	public:
		cfile_stream() : m_pFile(NULL), m_bStatus(false) { }

		virtual ~cfile_stream()
		{
			close();
		}

		bool open(const char* pFilename)
		{
			close();
			m_pFile = fopen(pFilename, "wb");
			m_bStatus = (m_pFile != NULL);
			return m_bStatus;
		}

		bool close()
		{
			if (m_pFile)
			{
				if (fclose(m_pFile) == EOF)
				{
					m_bStatus = false;
				}
				m_pFile = NULL;
			}
			return m_bStatus;
		}

		virtual bool put_buf(const void* pBuf, int len)
		{
			m_bStatus = m_bStatus && (fwrite(pBuf, len, 1, m_pFile) == 1);
			return m_bStatus;
		}

		uint get_size() const
		{
			return m_pFile ? ftell(m_pFile) : 0;
		}
	};

	// Writes JPEG image to file.
	bool compress_image_to_jpeg_file(const char* pFilename, int width, int height, int num_channels, const uint8* pImage_data, const params& comp_params)
	{
		cfile_stream dst_stream;
		if (!dst_stream.open(pFilename))
			return false;

		jpge::jpeg_encoder dst_image;
		if (!dst_image.init(&dst_stream, width, height, num_channels, comp_params))
			return false;

		for (uint pass_index = 0; pass_index < dst_image.get_total_passes(); pass_index++)
		{
			for (int i = 0; i < height; i++)
			{
				const uint8* pBuf = pImage_data + i * width * num_channels;
				if (!dst_image.process_scanline(pBuf))
					return false;
			}
			if (!dst_image.process_scanline(NULL))
				return false;
		}

		dst_image.deinit();

		return dst_stream.close();
	}

	class memory_stream : public output_stream
	{
		memory_stream(const memory_stream&);
		memory_stream& operator= (const memory_stream&);

		uint8* m_pBuf;
		uint m_buf_size, m_buf_ofs;

	public:
		memory_stream(void* pBuf, uint buf_size) : m_pBuf(static_cast<uint8*>(pBuf)), m_buf_size(buf_size), m_buf_ofs(0) { }

		virtual ~memory_stream() { }

		virtual bool put_buf(const void* pBuf, int len)
		{
			uint buf_remaining = m_buf_size - m_buf_ofs;
			if ((uint)len > buf_remaining)
				return false;
			memcpy(m_pBuf + m_buf_ofs, pBuf, len);
			m_buf_ofs += len;
			return true;
		}

		uint get_size() const
		{
			return m_buf_ofs;
		}
	};

	bool compress_image_to_jpeg_file_in_memory(void* pDstBuf, int& buf_size, int width, int height, int num_channels, const uint8* pImage_data, const params& comp_params)
	{
		if ((!pDstBuf) || (!buf_size))
			return false;

		memory_stream dst_stream(pDstBuf, buf_size);

		buf_size = 0;

		jpge::jpeg_encoder dst_image;
		if (!dst_image.init(&dst_stream, width, height, num_channels, comp_params))
			return false;

		for (uint pass_index = 0; pass_index < dst_image.get_total_passes(); pass_index++)
		{
			for (int i = 0; i < height; i++)
			{
				const uint8* pScanline = pImage_data + i * width * num_channels;
				if (!dst_image.process_scanline(pScanline))
					return false;
			}
			if (!dst_image.process_scanline(NULL))
				return false;
		}

		dst_image.deinit();

		buf_size = dst_stream.get_size();
		return true;
	}

} // namespace jpge